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Types of Chemical Reactions and Balancing Equations

This document provides examples and explanations of key concepts in chemistry including: 1. Chemical equations are used to represent chemical changes and balance reactants and products. 2. There are several types of chemical reactions such as combination, decomposition, single displacement, and double displacement reactions. 3. Oxidation-reduction reactions involve the gain or loss of electrons by reactants.

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Samantha Collyn Gomez
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160 views

Types of Chemical Reactions and Balancing Equations

This document provides examples and explanations of key concepts in chemistry including: 1. Chemical equations are used to represent chemical changes and balance reactants and products. 2. There are several types of chemical reactions such as combination, decomposition, single displacement, and double displacement reactions. 3. Oxidation-reduction reactions involve the gain or loss of electrons by reactants.

Uploaded by

Samantha Collyn Gomez
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHEMISTRY 1 LECTURE

Examples:
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS silver nitrate + hydrogen sulfide  silver nitrate + nitric acid

o Reactants – substances entering the reaction AgNO3 + H2S  Ag2S + HNO3 (unbalanced)
o Products – substance formed from the reaction
Ag N O H S
Chemical Equation – shorthand expression for a Reactant 1 1 3 2 1
chemical change Product 2 1 3 1 1

Symbols commonly used in Chemical Equations 2 AgNO3 + H2S  Ag2S + HNO3 (unbalanced)

SYMBOL MEANING Ag N O H S
+ Plus or added to Reactant 2 2 6 2 1
(placed in between substances) Product 2 1 3 1 1
 Yields or produces
(points to products; used to separate 2 AgNO3 + H2S  Ag2S + 2 HNO3 (balanced)
the reactants from the product)
(s) Solid state Ag N O H S
(l) Liquid state Reactant 2 2 6 2 1
(g) Gaseous state Product 2 2 6 2 1
(aq) Aqueous solution
(substance is dissolved in water) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Heat is added aluminum hydroxide + sulfuric acid  aluminum sulfate + water
(written above the arrow)
Al(OH)3 + H2SO4  Al2(SO4)3 + H2O (unbalanced)
o Coefficients (whole numbers) are placed in the
Al O H S
left side of substances to balance the equation
and to indicate the number of units of each Reactant 1 7 5 1
substance reacting or being produced. Product 2 13 2 3

BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS 2 Al(OH)3 + H2SO4  Al2(SO4)3 + H2O (unbalanced)

Step 1: Identify the reactants and the products. Write Al O H S


their correct formulas. Reactant 2 10 8 1
Product 2 13 2 3
magnesium + oxygen  magnesium oxide
reactants product 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2SO4  Al2(SO4)3 + H2O (unbalanced)
Al O H S
Mg + O2  MgO (unbalanced) Reactant 2 18 12 3
Product 2 13 2 3
Mg O
Reactant 1 2 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2SO4  Al2(SO4)3 + 6 H2O (balanced)
Product 1 1
Al O H S
Reactant 2 18 12 3
Step 2: Balance the equation using coefficients (whole Product 2 18 12 3
numbers).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mg + O2  2 MgO (unbalanced)
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Mg O
Reactant 1 2 1. Combination Reaction (Synthesis) – 2
Product 2 2 reactants combine to form one product.

2 Mg + O2  2 MgO (balanced) A + B  AB

Mg O metal + oxygen  metal oxide


Reactant 2 2
Product 2 2 2 Mg(s) + O2 (g)  2 MgO(s)
nonmetal + oxygen  nonmetal oxide
Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq)  Cu(s) + FeSO4(aq)
S(s) + O2(g)  SO2(g)
halogen + halide salt  halogen + halide salt
metal + nonmetal  salt
Cl2(g) + 2 NaBr(aq)  Br2(l) + 2 NaCl(aq)
2 Na(s) + Cl2(g)  2 NaCl(s)
4. Double Displacement Reaction – two
metal oxide + water  metal hydroxide compounds react and exchange partners to
produce two different compounds.
Na2O(s) + H2O  2 NaOH(aq)
AB + CD  AD + CB
nonmetal oxide + water  oxy-acid
Evidences of Double Displacement Reaction:
SO3(g) + H2O(l)  H2SO4(aq) a. Formation of an insoluble solid called
precipitate.
2. Decomposition Reaction b. Formation of water when the H+ from
AB  A + B one reactant unites with the OH- of the
other.
metal oxides  free metal + oxygen c. Formation of a gas that escapes from
the reaction vessel.
2 HgO(s)  2 Hg(l) + O2(g)
neutralization: acid + base  salt + water
carbonates  metal oxide + carbon dioxide
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
CaCO3(s)  CaO(s) + CO2(g)
formation of an insoluble precipitate
hydrogen carbonates  metal carbonate +
carbon dioxide + water BaCl2(aq) + 2 AgNO3(aq)  2 AgCl(s) + Ba(NO3)2

2 NaHCO3(s)  Na2CO3(s) + H2O + CO2 metal oxide + acid  salt + water

electrolysis of water CuO(s) + 2 HNO3(aq)  Cu(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l)

2 H2O(l)  H2(g) + O2(g) Formation of a gas

3. Single Displacement Reaction – a more active H2SO4(l) + NaCl(s)  NaHSO4(s) + HCl(g)


element replaces a less active element.
5. Oxidation – Reduction Reactions
A + BC  B + AC o An element undergoes oxidation if it loses
A + BC  C + BA electrons and its oxidation number
increases.
o If A = metal, it will replace B to form AC, o An element undergoes reduction if it gains
provided that A is more reactive than B. electrons and its oxidation number
o If A = halogen (nonmetal), it will replace decreases.
C to form BA, provided that A is more
reactive than C.

metal + acid  hydrogen + salt

Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq)  H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)

metal + water  hydrogen + metal hydroxide

2 Na(s) + 2 H2O  H2(g) + 2 NaOH(aq)

metal + water  hydrogen + metal oxide

3 Fe(s) + 4 H2O(g)  4 H2(g) + Fe3O4(s)

metal + salt  metal + salt

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