Transforms and Boundary Value Problems

(For B.Tech Students)

(Third/Fourth/Fifth Semester)

Solved University Questions Papers

Prepared by
Dr. V. SUVITHA
Department of Mathematics, SRMIST
Kattankulathur 603 203.
 CONTENTS

1 Nov. 2016 Q&A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01-12

2 May 2017 Q&A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-23
3 Nov. 2017 Q&A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-33
4 May 2018 Q&A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34-44
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 1

B.Tech. Degree Examination, November 2016

Third/Fourth/Fifth Semester
15MA201-Transforms and Boundary Value Problems
Time: Three hours Max. Marks: 100

Part - A (20 × 1=20 Marks)

Answer ALL Questions

√ √
1. The complete integral of p + q = 1 is
(A) z = ax + by (B) z = a(x + y) + b (C) z = ax + by + c (D) z = ax − by + a
√ √
Sol: Given p + q = 1. This is of the form F (p, q) = 0.
√ √ √ √
Hence the complete integral is z = ax + by + c where a + b = 1. i.e., b = 1 − a
√ 2
Therefore the complete integral is z = ax + (1 − a) y + c.

2. The complete integral of p = 2qx is

(A) z = ax2 −ay +c (B) z = ax2 +ay +c (C) z = ay 2 +ax+c (D) z = x2 −y +c
Sol: Given p = 2qx. This is of the form F (x, p, q) = 0.
Let q = a then p = 2ax. We know that dz = pdx + qdy ⇒ dz = 2axdx + ady
Integrating, we get z = ax2 + ay + c.
Ans. B
0 02
3. The complementary function of (D2 + DD − 2D )z = x2 y is
(A) z = φ1 (y − x) + φ2 (y − 2x) (B) z = φ1 (y + x) + φ2 (y + 2x)
(C) z = φ1 (y + x) + φ2 (y − 2x) (D) z = φ1 (y + x) + φ2 (y − 2x)
0
Sol: The auxiliary equation is m2 + m − 2 = 0 where D = m, D = 1.
⇒ (m − 1)(m + 2) = 0 ⇒ m = 1, −2. C.F. = z = φ1 (y + x) + φ2 (y − 2x).
Ans. D
0 02
4. Find the particular integral of (D2 + 2DD + D )z = ex+2y
ex+2y ex−2y e2x+y e2x−y
(A) (B) (C) (D)
9 9 9 9
1 e x+2y
x+2y = 0
Sol: P.I= 2 0 02 e where D = 1, D = 2.
D + 2DD + D 9
Ans. A
∂2u ∂2u ∂2u
5. The P.D.E. + 2 + of the form
∂x2 ∂x∂y ∂y 2
(A) Elliptic (B) Parabolic (C) Hyperbolic (D) None of these
Sol: Here A = 1, B = 2, C = 1. Hence B 2 − 4AC = 4 − 4 = 0.
Therefore the equation is parabolic.
Ans. B

6. sin x is periodic function with period

π
(A) π (B) (C) 2π (D) 4π
2
Ans. C
2 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

Ra
7. f (x)dx = 0 if f (x) is
−a
(A) Odd (B) Even (C) Periodic (D) Neither even nor odd
Ans. A

8. For half range cosine series of f (x) = cos x in (0, π) the value of a0 is
2 4
(A) 4 (B) (C) (D) 0
π π
2 π 2 π 2
cos xdx = [sin x]π0 = 0.
R R
Sol: a0 = f (x)dx =
π0 π0 π
Ans. D

9. The one dimensional wave equation is

∂u ∂2u ∂2u ∂2u ∂y ∂2y ∂2u ∂2y
(A) = α2 2 (B) 2
= a2 2 (C) =α 2 (D) 2
=a 2
∂t ∂x ∂t ∂x ∂t ∂x ∂x ∂t
Ans. B
∂2u 2
2∂ u
10. How many initial and boundary condition are required to solve = a
∂t2 ∂x2
(A) Two (B) Three (C) Five (D) Four
Ans. D

11. The one dimensional heat equation is

∂2u ∂2u ∂u 2
2∂ u ∂2u 2
2∂ u ∂u ∂2u
(A) + = 0 (B) = α (C) = a (D) = α2 2
∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂t ∂x2 ∂t2 ∂x2 ∂x ∂t
Ans. B

12. One dimensional heat equation is used to find

(A) Density (B) Temperature Distribution (C) Time (D) Displacement
Ans. B

13. The Fourier transform of f (x) is

1 R∞ 1 R∞
(A) √ f (x)eist dt (B) √ f (x)eisx dx
2π −∞ 2π −∞
1 R∞ 1 R∞
(C) √ f (t)eisx dx (D) √ f (s)eisx dx
2π −∞ 2π −∞
Ans. B
1
14. Under Fourier cosine transform f (x) = √ is
x
(A) Complex (B) Inverse functionr (C) Cosine function (D) Self-reciprocal function
2 Γ(n) nπ
Sol: We know that Fc (xn−1 ) = n
cos .
π s 2
1 √ √
Taking n = ⇒ Fc (1/ x) = 1/ s.
2
Ans. D

15. F [eiax f (x)] is  

s
(A) F (s + a) (B) F (s − a) (C) F (as) (D) F
a
1 ∞ 1 ∞
Sol: F [eiax f (x)] = √ eiax f (x)eisx dx = √ ei(s+a)x f (x)dx = F (s + a).
R R
2π −∞ 2π −∞
Ans. A
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 3

16. F (f (x) ∗ g(x)) is

(A) F (s) + G(s) (B) F (s) − G(s) (C) F (s)G(s) (D) F (s)/G(s)
Ans. C

17. Z(5) is
z z 1 z z−1
(A) (B) 5. (C) . (D)
z−1 z−1 5 z−1 z
kz 5z
Sol: We know that Z(k) = ⇒ Z(5) = .
z−1 z−1
Ans. B
 
1
18. Z =
n    
z z
(A) log if |z| > 1 (B) log
 z − 1   z+1
z+1 z−1
(C) log (D) log if |z| > 1
z z2
∞ 1
     
1 P −n 1 1 1 1 1
Sol: Z = z = + 2 + 3 + · · · = − log 1 − if   < 1.
n n=1 n z 2z 3z z z
     −1  
1 z−1 z−1 z
Z = − log = log = log .
n z z z−1
Ans. A
 
−1 z
19. Find Z
(z − 1)2
1
(A) n + 1 (B) n (C) n − 1 (D)
n
d
Sol: Z {n} = −z Z(1) by property
 dz   
d z (z − 1).1 − z.1 z
Z {n} = −z = −z 2
= 2
.
dz z − 1 (z − 1)  (z − 1) 
z
Taking inverse Z -transform, we get n = Z −1 .
(z − 1)2
Ans. B
zn
20. Poles of φ(z) = are
(z − 1)(z − 2)
(A) z = 1, 0 (B) z = 1, 2 (C) z = 0, 2 (D) z = 0
Sol: The poles are (z − 1)(z − 2) = 0 ⇒ z = 1, 2.
Ans. B

Part - B (5 × 4=20 Marks)

Answer ANY FIVE Questions

21. Form the PDE by eliminating the arbitrary function from z = f (x2 + y 2 ).
Sol: Given z = f (x2 + y 2 ) (1)
Equation (1) partially differentiating w.r.to x and y, we get
∂z 0 ∂z 0
= f (x2 + y 2 ).2x and = f (x2 + y 2 ).2y
∂x ∂y
p 0 2 2 ∂z
Therefore = f (x + y ) where p = (2)
x ∂x
4 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

q 0 ∂z
and = f (x2 + y 2 ) where q = . (3)
y ∂y
p q
From (2) and (3), we get = . Hence py = qx.
x y
22. Find the complete integral of z = p2 + q 2 .
Sol: Given z = p2 + q 2 . (1)
This is of the form F (p, q, z) = 0.
dz dz
Let z = f (u). Assume that u = x + ay then p = ,q = a .
du du
Substituting the values of p, q in (1), we get
 2 √
2 dz dz z dz du
z = (1 + a ) ⇒ = √ ⇒√ =√
du du 1+a 2 z 1 + a2
z (−1/2)+1 u
Integrating, we get =√ +b
(−1/2) + 1 1 + a2
√ √
2 z 1 + a2 = x + ay + b.

23. Find the RMS value of f (x)v= x − x2 , in −1 < x < 1.

u Rb
u (f (x))2 dx
u

Sol: RMS value of f (x) = a

t
v b−a
u R1
u (x − x2 )2 dx s
u
t−1 1 R1 2
= = (x + x4 − 2x3 )dx
2 2 −1
s
1 R1
= × 2 (x2 + x4 )dx since x3 is odd
2 0
r
8
= .
15
24. State any two assumptions in deriving one dimensional wave equation and write its all
possible solutions.
Sol:

• The motion takes place entirely in one plane. This plane is chosen as the xy plane
• Gravitational force may be neglected
• The effect of friction is negligible
• The string is perfectly flexible, etc.

λx −λx )(C eλat + D e−λat )
(A1 e + B1 e 1 1


The possible solutions are y(x, t) = (A2 cos λx + B2 sin λx)(C2 cos λat + D2 sin λat)


(A x + B )(C t + D )
3 3 3 3
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 5

25. Find the Fourier cosine transform of f (x) = e−ax , a > 0.

Sol:
r Z∞ r  ∞
−ax 2 −ax 2 e−ax
Fc (e ) = e cos sxdx = (−a cos sx + s sin sx)
π π a2 + s2 0
0
r
2 a
= .
π a + s2
2

z sin θ
26. Prove that Z(sin nθ) = if |z| > 1.
z2
− 2z cos θ + 1
z
Proof: We know that Z {an } = if |z| > |a|. Taking a = eiθ
z − a
z z z
Z einθ =

= =
z − eiθ z − (cos θ + i sin θ) (z − cos θ) − i sin θ
z[(z − cos θ) + i sin θ]
⇒ Z(cos nθ + i sin nθ) =
[(z − cos θ) − i sin θ][(z − cos θ) + i sin θ]
z[(z − cos θ) + i sin θ]
= .
[(z − cos θ)2 + sin2 θ]
z sin θ
Equating imaginary parts, we get z(sin nθ) = 2 if |z| > 1.
z − 2z cos θ + 1
27. Find Z[{n(n − 1)}].
Sol: Z[{n(n − 1)}] = Z[ n2 − n ] = Z n2 − Z {n}
 
z
Now Z {n} = [See Q. No. 19, Page No. 3] and
(z − 1)2
(z − 1)2 .1 − z.2(z − 1)
   
 2 d z z(z + 1)
Z n = Z {n.n} = −z 2
= −z 4
= .
dz (z − 1) (z − 1) (z − 1)3
z(z + 1) z 2z
Hence Z[{n(n − 1)}] = 3
− 2
= .
(z − 1) (z − 1) (z − 1)3

Part - C (5 × 12=60 Marks)

Answer ALL Questions

28. a.i. Find the singular solution of z = px + qy + p2 + q 2 .

Sol: Given z = px + qy + p2 + q 2 . This is Clairaut’s form.
The complete solution is z = ax + by + a2 + b2 . (1)
Partially differentiating w.r.to a and b, we get 0 = x + 2a and 0 = y + 2b.
x y
⇒ a = − and b = − (2)
2 2
x2 y 2 x2 y 2
Substituting (2) in (1), we get z = − − + + ⇒ 4z = −x2 − y 2
2 2 4 4
Hence 4z + x2 + y 2 = 0.
ii. Find the general solution of x(z 2 − y 2 )p + y(x2 − z 2 )q = z(y 2 − x2 ).
dx dy dz
Sol: The auxiliary equations are = = .
x(z 2 − y 2 ) y(x2 − z 2 ) z(y 2 − x2 )
Taking the Lagrange’s multipliers x, y, z, we get
xdx ydy zdz
2 2 2
= 2 2 2
= 2 2
x (z − y ) y (x − z ) z (y − x2 )
xdx + ydy + zdz xdx + ydy + zdz
Each is equal to P 2 2 =
x (z − y 2 ) 0
6 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

Hence xdx + ydy + zdz = 0.

x2 y 2 z 2
Integrating, we get + + = a ⇒ x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2a = a1
2 2 2
1 1 1
Also, taking the Lagrang’s multipliers , , , we get
x y z
dx dy dz
x y
= 2 = 2 z 2
z2 − y2 x − z2 y −x
dx dy dz dx dy dz
+ + + +
x y z x y z
Each is equal to P 2 =
(z − y 2 ) 0
dx dy dz
Hence + + =0
x y z
Integrating, we get log x + log y + log z = log b ⇒ xyz = b.
Therefore, the general solution is φ(x2 + y 2 + z 2 , xyz) = 0.

(OR)
0
b. Solve (D3 − 2D2 D )z = sin(x + 2y) + 3x2 y.
0
Sol: The auxiliary equation is m3 − 2m2 = 0 where D = m, D = 1.
⇒ m2 (m − 2) = 0 ⇒ m = 0, 0, 2.
The Complementary function (C.F.) is φ1 (y) + xφ2 (y) + φ3 (y + 2x)
1
Particular integral = [sin(x + 2y) + 3x2 y]
D3 − 2D2 D0
1 1
= 3 sin(x + 2y) + 3 3x2 y
D − 2D2 D0 D − 2D2 D0
= P.I1 + P.I2
1
Now P.I1 = sin(x + 2y)
D3 − 2D2 D0
sin(x + 2y) 0
= replace by D2 = −1, DD = −2
−D − 2D(−2)
sin(x + 2y) −1
= = cos(x + 2y) and
3D 3
0 −1
" #
1 2 1 2D
P.I2 = 3x y = 3 1 − 3x2 y
D3 − 2D2 D0 D D
 !2 
0 0
1  2D 2D
= 1+ + + · · ·  3x2 y
D3 D D
" 0
#  
1 2D 2 1 2 6 2
= 1+ 3x y = 3 3x y + x
D3 D D D
x5 y x6
= +
20 60
The complete solution is z = C.F. + P.I1 + P.I2
1 x5 y x6
z = φ1 (y) + xφ2 (y) + φ3 (y + 2x) − cos(x + 2y) + + .
3 20 60
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 7

29. a. Find the Fourier series of f (x) = x + x2 in (−π, π) of periodicity 2π. Hence deduce
P 1 π2
that = .
n2 6
Sol: Given the function f (x) is neither even nor odd.
a0 ∞
P P∞
Let f (x) = + an cos nx + bn sin nx (1)
2 n=1 n=1
1 Rπ 1 Rπ 1 Rπ
where a0 = f (x)dx, an = f (x) cos nxdx and bn = f (x) sin nxdx.
π −π π −π π −π
To find a0 , an bn :
Zπ Zπ Zπ
1 2 1 1
a0 = (x + x )dx = xdx + x2 dx
π π π
−π −π −π
Zπ
2
=0+ x2 dx, since x is odd and x2 is even.
π
0
2π 2
=
3
Zπ Zπ Zπ
1 1 1
an = (x + x2 ) cos nxdx = x cos nxdx + x2 cos nxdx
π π π
−π −π −π
Zπ
2
=0+ x2 cos nxdx, since x cos nx is odd
π
0
− sin nx π
      
2 2 sin nx − cos nx
= x − 2x +2
π n n n3 0
2 h cos nπ i
= 2π , since sin 0 = sin nπ = 0
π n
4(−1)n
=
n2
Zπ Zπ Zπ
1 2 1 1
bn = (x + x ) sin nxdx = x sin nxdx + x2 sin nxdx
π π π
−π −π −π
Zπ
2
= x sin nxdx + 0, since x2 sin nx is odd
π
0
− sin nx π
       
2 − cos nx 2 − cos nπ
= x −1 = π
π n n 0 π n
−2(−1) n
=
n
Substituting the values of a0 , an , bn in (1), weget
π2 ∞ 4 2
x + x2 = (−1)n 2 cos nx − sin nx
P
+
3 n=1 n n
Deduction: x = π is an end point in the range. Hence the value of the Fourier series
1 1
at x = π is equal to [f (π) + f (−π)] = [(π + π 2 ) + (−π + π 2 )] = π 2 .
2 2
π2 ∞ 4(−1)n
2
∞ 1 2 ∞ 1 π2
= π 2 . Therefore
P P P
Hence + 2
cos nπ = π ⇒ 4 2 2
= .
3 n=1 n n=1 n 3 n=1 n 6
8 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

(OR)

b. Find the Fourier series upto second harmonic from the following data:
π 2π 4π 5π
x 0 π 2π
3 3 3 3
y 1 1.4 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.2 1

a0 P2 P2 2 P
Sol: Let f (x) = + an cos nx + bn sin nx where a0 = f (x),
2 n=1 n=1 m
2 P 2 P
an = f (x) cos nx and bn = f (x) sin nx.
m m

x f (x) cos x sin x cos 2x sin 2x

0 1 1 0 1 0
π
1.4 0.5 0.866 -0.5 0.866
3
2π
1.9 -0.5 0.866 -0.5 -0.866
3
π 1.7 -1 0 1 0
4π
1.5 -0.5 -0.866 0.5 0.866
3
5π
1.5 0.5 -0.866 0.5 -0.866
3

1
Now a0 = [1 + 1.4 + 1.9 + 1.7 + 1.5 + 1.2] = 2.9
3
2P 1
a1 = f (x) cos x = [1 + 0.7 − 0.95 − 1.7 − 0.75 + 0.6] = −0.3667
6 3
2P 1
a2 = f (x) cos 2x = [1 − 0.7 − 0.95 + 1.7 − 0.75 − 0.6] = −0.1
6 3
2P 1
b1 = f (x) sin x = [0 + 1.2124 + 1.6454 + 0 − 1.299 − 1.0392] = 0.1732
6 3
2P 1
b2 = f (x) sin 2x = [0 + 1.2124 − 1.6454 + 1.299 − 1.0392] = −0.0577
6 3
Hence f (x) = 1.45 − 0.3667 cos x − 0.1 cos 2x + 0.1732 sin x − 0.0577 sin 2x.

30. a. A tightly string of length l has its end fastened at x = 0, x = l. At t = 0, the string
is in the form f (x) = k(lx − x2 ) and then released. Find the displacement at any point
on the string at a distance x from one end and at any time t > 0.
∂2u 2
2 ∂ u.
Sol: The displacement of the string y(x, t) is governed by = a
∂t2 ∂x2
The boundary conditions are
(i) y(0, t) = 0, t ≥ 0 (ii) y(l, t) = 0, t ≥ 0.
The initial
 conditions are
∂y
(iii) = 0, 0 ≤ x ≤ l (iv) y(x, 0) = kx(l − x), 0 ≤ x ≤ l.
∂t t=0
The proper solution is y(x, t) = (A cos λx + B sin λx)(C cos λat + D sin λat). (1)
Using boundary condition (i) in (1), A(C cos λat + D sin λat) = 0 ⇒ A = 0.
A = 0 in (1), we get y(x, t) = B sin λx(C cos λat + D sin λat). (2)
Applying the boundary condition (ii) in (2), B sin λl(C cos λat + D sin λat) = 0.
nπ
⇒ B 6= 0 and sin nl = 0 ⇒ λl = nπ ⇒ λ = .
l
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 9

 
nπ nπx nπat nπat
λ= in (2), we get y(x, t) = B sin C cos + D sin . (3)
l l l l
Using the initial condition (iii), we get 
∂y nπx nπat nπa nπat nπa
= B sin −C sin . + D cos .
∂t   l l l l l
∂y nπx h nπa i
⇒ = B sin 0 + D. ⇒ B 6= 0, D = 0
∂t t=0 l l
nπx nπat
D = 0 in equation (3), y(x, t) = B sin C cos
l l
∞
P nπx nπat
The most general solution is y(x, t) = Bn sin cos (4)
n=1 l l
∞ nπx
= K(lx − x2 ).
P
Using initial condition (iv), we get y(x, 0) = Bn sin
n=1 l
This is half-range Fourier sine series. Therefore

Zl
2 nπx
Bn = k(lx − x2 ) sin dx
l l
0
    l
 nπx  nπx nπx
2k  − cos − sin  cos l 
= (lx − x2 )  l  − (l − 2x)  l  + (−2) 
nπ
 
l   n2 π 2   n3 π 3  
l l2 l3 0
3 3
 
2k l l
= −2 cos nπ. 3 3 + 2 3 3 , since sin 0 = sin nπ = 0
l n π n π
2k 2l3
= . [−(−1)n + 1]
l n3 π 3  2
4kl 2  8kl if n is odd
= [1 − (−1)n ] = n3 π 3
n3 π 3 
0 if n is even

P 8kl2 nπx nπat

Substituting the value of Bn in (4), we get y(x, t) = 3π3
sin cos .
n=odd n l l

(OR)

b. A rod of length 30cm has its end A and B kept at 20◦ C and 80◦ C respectively
until steady state conditions prevail. The temperature at each end is suddenly reduced
to 0◦ C and kept so. Find the resulting temperature function u(x, t).
∂u ∂2u
Sol: The P.D.E. of one dimensional heat flow is = α2 2 . (1)
∂t ∂x
2
d u
In steady state, the P.D.E. becomes = 0. (2)
dx2
In steady state, the solution is u(x) = ax + b. (3)
The initial conditions are u(0) = 20 and u(30) = 80.
Using these conditions in (3), we obtain u(0) = 0 + b ⇒ b = 20 and
u(30) = 30a + b ⇒ 80 = 30a + 20 ⇒ a = 2. Therefore u(x) = 2x + 20.
When the temperatures at each ends are reduced to zero.
In transient state, the boundary conditions are
10 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

(i) u(0, t) = 0 for all t ≥ 0 (ii) u(30, t) = 0 for all t ≥ 0.

The initial condition is (iii) u(x, 0) = 2x + 20 for 0 < x < 30.
2 2
In transient state, the proper solution is u(x, t) = (A cos λx + B sin λx)e−α λ t . (4)
2 2
Using (i) in (4), we get u(0, t) = 0 = Ae−α λ t ⇒ A = 0.
2 2
A = 0 in (4), u(x, t) = B sin λxe−α λ t . (5)
2 2
Using (ii) in (5), we get u(30, t) = 0 = B sin 30xe−α λ t .
nπ
Since B 6= 0, sin 30λ = 0 ⇒ 30λ = nπ ⇒ λ = .
30
nπ nπx −α2 n2 π2 t/900
λ= in (5), we get u(x, t) = B sin e .
30 30
∞
P nπx −α2 n2 π2 t/900
The most general solution is u(x, t) = Bn sin e . (6)
n=1 30
P∞ nπx
Using (iii) in (6), we get u(x, 0) = Bn sin = 2x + 20.
n=1 30
This is a half range sine series. Therefore

Z20
2 nπx
Bn = (2x + 20) sin dx
30 30
0
  30
 nπx  nπx
1  − cos − sin
= (2x + 20)  30  − 2  30  
nπ
 
15   2
n π 2  
30 302 0
 
1 30 30
= −80.(−1)n . + 20. , since sin 0 = sin nπ = 0
15 nπ nπ
40
= [1 − 4(−1)n ].
nπ
Substituting the value of Bn in (6), we get
∞ 40 nπx −α2 n2 π2 t/900
[1 − 4(−1)n ] sin
P
u(x, t) = e .
n=1 nπ 30
(
1 − x2 if |x| < 1
31. Find the Fourier transform of f (x) given by f (x) = and hence
0 if |x| > 1
R∞ x cos x − sin x
  x
find the value of cos dx.
0 x3 2
Sol:
Z∞ Z1
1 isx 1
F {f (x)} = √ f (x)e dx = √ (1 − x2 )eisx dx
2π 2π
−∞ −1
Z1
1
=√ (1 − x2 )(cos sx + i sin sx)dx
2π
−1
Z1 Z1
1 2 1
=√ (1 − x ) cos sxdx + i √ (1 − x2 ) sin sxdx
2π 2π
−1 −1
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 11

Z1
2
F {f (x)} = √ (1 − x2 ) cos sxdx + i.0, since (1 − x2 ) sin sx is odd
2π
0
− sin sx 1
      
2 2 sin sx − cos sx
=√ (1 − x ) − (−2x) + (−2)
2π s s2 s3 0
   
2 cos s  sin s
=√ −2 +2
2π s2 s3
−4
= √ [s cos s − sin s]
3
s 2π
Using inversion formula
1 R∞ 1 R∞ −4
f (x) = √ F {f (x)} e−isx ds = √ √ [s cos s − sin s] e−isx ds
2π −∞ 2π −∞ s 2π 3

2 2 R∞ 1
1−x =− [s cos s − sin s] (cos sx − i sin sx)ds.
π −∞ s3
R∞ s cos s − sin s
 
−π
Equating real parts, we get 3
cos sxds = (1 − x2 ).
∞ s 2
R∞ s cos s − sin s
 
1 s −3π
Putting x = ⇒ 3
cos ds =
2 −∞ s 2 8
∞
 
R s cos s − sin s s −3π
⇒ 3
cos ds = .
0 s 2 16
R∞ x cos x − sin x
 
x −3π
Hence 3
cos dx = .
0 x 2 16
(OR)
R∞ dx
b. i. Evaluate using transform method.
0 +(a2 x2 )(b2
+ x2 )
Sol: Consider
r f (x) = e−ax and g(x)r=e .
−bx

2 a 2 b
Fc (s) = . and Gc (s) = . [See Q. No. 25, Page No. 5].
π a2 + s2 π b2 + s2
∞
R ∞
R
Using Parseval’s identity Fc (s)Gc (s)ds = f (x)g(x)dx
0 0
2 R∞ ab R∞ −(a+b)x 2 R∞ ab 1
2 2 2 2
ds = e dx ⇒ 2 2 2 2
ds =
π 0 (a + s )(b + s ) 0 π 0 (a + s )(b + s ) a+b
R∞ dx π
⇒ 2 2 2 2
= .
0 (a + x )(b + x ) 2ab(a + b)
1
ii. Find Fourier sine transform of .
x
Sol:
  r Z∞ r Z∞
1 2 sin sx 2 sin θ
Fs = dx = dθ, putting sx = θ
x π x π θ
0 0
r r
2 π π
= . = .
π 2 2
(z + 2)z
32. a. i. Find the inverse Z -transform of f (z) = using long division method.
z 2 + 2z + 4
1 + 2z −1
Sol: Given f (z) = .
1 + 2z −1 + 4z −2
12 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

By long division
1 −4z −2 +8z −3 −32z −5 + · · ·
1 + 2z −1 + 4z −2 √ 1 +2z −1
1 +2z −1 +4z −2
−4z −2
−4z −2 −8z −3 −16z −4
8z −3 +16z −4
8z −3 +16z −4 +32z −5
−32z −5
∞
f (n)z −n = 1 − 4z −2 + 8z −3 − 32z −5 + · · ·
P
Hence
n=0
Therefore f (0) = 1, f (1) = 0, f (2) = −4, f (3) = 8, f (4) = 0, etc.
z
ii. Find the inverse Z -transform of using residues.
(z − 1)(z − 2)
z
Sol: Given f (z) = .
(z − 1)(z − 2)
zn
f (z)z n−1 = has simple poles at z = 1 and z = 2.
(z − 1)(z
P − 2)
R is the sum of the residue of f (z)z n−1 .
P
Therefore f (n) = R where
zn
R1 = {Residue}z=1 = lim (z − 1) = −1 and
z→1 (z − 1)(z − 2)
z n
R2 = {Residue}z=2 = lim (z − 2) = 2n .
z→2 (z − 1)(z − 2)
Therefore f (n) = R1 + R2 = 2n − 1.

(OR)

b. Solve the equation yn+2 + 6yn+1 + 9yn = 2n given y0 = y1 = 0 using Z -transform.

Sol: Taking Z -transform on both sides of the equation, we get
Z(y n
h n+2 ) + 6Z(yn+1
y i) + 9Z(yn ) = Z(2 ) z
1
z 2 Y (z) − y0 − + 6 [z(Y (z) − y0 )] + 9Y (z) =
z z−2
z z
⇒ (z 2 + 6z + 9)Y (z) = ⇒ Y (z) = 2
z−2 (z − 2)(z + 6z + 9)
z
⇒ Y (z) = .
(z − 2)(z + 3)2
Y (z) has simple pole at z = 2 and pole of order 2 at z = −3.
R is the sum of the residue of Y (z)z n−1 .
P P
Therefore y(n) = R where
zn 2n
R1 = {Residue}z=2 = lim (z − 2) = and
z→2 (z − 2)(z + 3)2 25
d zn
R2 = {Residue}z=−3 = lim (z + 3)2
z→−3 dz (z − 2)(z + 3)2
n−1 n (−3)n 5n
 
(z − 2).nz − z .1
= lim = −1 .
z→−3 (z − 2)2  25 3
2n (−3)n 5n

Hence y(n) = + −1 .
25 25 3
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 13

B.Tech. Degree Examination, May 2017

Third/Fourth/Fifth Semester
15MA201-Transforms and Boundary Value Problems
Time: Three hours Max. Marks: 100

Part - A (20 × 1=20 Marks)

Answer ALL Questions

1. The PDE formed by eliminating the arbitrary function from z = f (x2 + y 2 ) is

(A) px = qy (B) py = qx (C) p = qy (D) px = q
Ans. B [Sol: See Q.No. 21, Page No. 3.]
0
2. Solve (D3 − 3D2 D )z = 0
(A) z = f1 (y − x) + f2 (y − 2x) + f3 (y + 2x) (B) z = f1 (y) + f2 (y) + f3 (y + 3x)
(C) z = f1 (y) + xf2 (y) + f3 (y + 3x) (D) z = f1 (y) + xf2 (y) + f3 (y − 3x)
0
Sol: The auxiliary equation is m3 − 3m2 = 0 where D = m, D = 1.
m2 (m − 3) = 0 ⇒ m = 0, 0, 3 ⇒ C.F. is z = f1 (y) + xf2 (y) + f3 (y + 3x).
Ans. C

3. The particular integral of (D2 )z = x2 y is

x5 y
(A) (B) x3 y (C) x4 y 2 (D) x2 y 2
20
1 1 x3 x4 y
Sol: P.I. = 2 x2 y = y. =
D D 3 12
4. The complete integral of z = px + qy + pq is
(A) z = px+qy+ab (B) z = ax+by+ab (C) z = ax+by+pq (D) z = px+qy+pq
Sol: Given z = px + qy + pq. This is clairaut’s form.
Hence the complete integral is z = ax + by + ab.
Ans. B

5. The constant a0 of the Fourier series for the function f (x) = x in 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π is

(A) π (B) 2 π (C) 3 π (D) 0
1 R2π 1 R2π 1 x2 2π
 
Sol: a0 = f (x)dx = xdx = = 2π.
π 0 π 0 π 2 0
Ans. B

v square value of f (x)vin a ≤ x ≤ b is

6. The root mean v
u Rb u Rb u Rb
u (f (x))2 dx u (f (x))2 dx
u u u
u (f (x))dx
ta ta ta
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)
b−a b+a b−a
Ans. B

7. A function f (x) is periodic with period T, if

(A) f (x+T ) = f (T ) (B) f (x+T ) = f (x) (C) f (x+T ) = −f (x) (D) f (x+T ).f (x) = 0
Ans. B
14 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

8. The sum of Fourier series of f (x) in 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π at x = 0 is

f (0) + f (2π)
(A) f (0) (B) f (2π) (C) (D) 0
2
Ans. C
∂2y 2
2 ∂ y , a2 stands for
9. In wave equation = a
∂t2 ∂x2
T k m k
(A) (B) (C) (D)
m c T m
Ans. A

10. The one dimensional heat equation in steady state is

∂u ∂2u ∂ 2 u ∂u ∂2u
(A) =0 (B) = 0 (C) − = 0 (D) =0
∂t ∂t2 ∂x2 ∂t ∂x2
Ans. D

11. The suitable solution of ut = α2 uxx is

2 2
(A) u = (Ax + B)C (B) u = (Aeλx + Be−λx )eα λ t
2 2
(C) u = (A cos λx + B sin λx)e−α λ t (D) u = At + B
Ans. C

12. The steady state temperature of a rod of length 20cm, whose ends are kept respectively
at 10◦ C and 30◦ C is
(A) x − 10 (B) x + 10 (C) 10x + 10 (D) 2x + 50
d2 u
Sol: In steady state, the P.D.E. becomes =0
dx2
Therefore the solution is u(x) = ax + b (1)
The initial conditions are u(0) = 10 and u(20) = 30.
Using these conditions in (1), we obtain u(0) = 0 + b ⇒ b = 10 and
u(20) = 20a + 10 ⇒ 30 = 20a + 10 ⇒ a = 1. Therefore u(x) = x + 10.
Ans. B

13. F −1 [F (s).G(s)] =
(A) f (x).g(x) (B) f (x) + g(x) (C) f (x) ∗ g(x) (D) f (x) − g(x)
Sol: By definition F {f (x) ∗ g(x)} = F (s).G(s) ⇒ f (x) ∗ g(x) = F −1 [F (s).G(s)]
Ans. C

14. F [f (x − a)] =
(A) eias F (a) (B) eiax F (a) (C) eias F (x) (D) eias F (s)
1 R∞
Sol: By definition F (s) = F {f (x)} = √ f (x)eisx dx
2π −∞
1 R∞
⇒ F {f (x − a)} = √ f (x − a)eisx dx, Putting x − a = t ⇒ dx = dt
2π −∞
1 R∞ 1 R∞
⇒ F {f (t)} = √ f (t)ei(a+t)s dt = eias √ f (t)eits dt = eias F (s).
2π −∞ 2π −∞
Ans. D
R∞
15. If f (s) = F [f (x)] then |f (x)|2 dx =
−∞
R∞ R∞ R∞ R∞
(A) |f (x)|2 dx (B) |f (s)|2 ds (C) |f (s)|2 dx (D) |f (s)|2 ds
−∞ −∞ 0 −0
Ans. B
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 15

1
16. Under Fourier cosine transform f (x) = √ is
x
(A) Self-reciprocal function (B) Inverse function
(C) Cosine function (D) Complex function
Ans. A [Sol: See Q.No. 14, Page No. 2.]

17. Z[nan ] =
az z a z
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(z − a)2 (z − a)2 (z − a) 2 (z − a)3 
dF (z) n d z az
Sol: We know that Z[nf (t)] = −z ⇒ Z[na ] = −z = .
dz dz z − a (z − a)2
Ans. A
h nπ i
18. Z cos =
2
z z2 z z2
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 2
z +1 z +1 z −1 z −4
z(z − cos θ)
Sol: We know that Z(cos nθ) = 2 .
z − 2z cos θ + 1
2
 
π nπ z
When θ = ⇒ Z cos = 2 .
2 2 z +1
Ans. B
 
z
19. Z −1 =
(z − a)2
(A) an−1 (B) nan+1  (C) nan−1  (D) an+1  
az z
Sol: We know that Z −1 = na n ⇒ Z −1 = nan−1 .
(z − a)2 (z − a)2
Ans. C
z n (z + 1)
20. Poles of φ(z) = are
(z − 1)3
(A) z = 1 (B) z = −1 (C) z = 0 (D) z = 3
Sol: The poles are given by z − 1 = 0 ⇒ z = 1.
Ans. A

Part - B (5 × 4=20 Marks)

Answer ANY FIVE Questions

21. Form a partial differential equation by eliminating arbitrary constants a and b from
(x − a)2 + (y − b)2 + z 2 = c2 .
Sol: Given (x − a)2 + (y − b)2 + z 2 = c2 (1)
Differentiating partially w.r.to x and y, we get
∂z ∂z
2(x − a) + 2z = 0 and 2(y − b) + 2z = 0.
∂x ∂y
∂z ∂z
Therefore x − a = −pz, y − b = −qz where p = ,q = .
∂x ∂y
Putting in (1), p2 z 2 + q 2 z 2 + z 2 = c2 ⇒ z 2 (p2 + q 2 + 1) = c2 .

22. Define Root Mean Square (RMS) value and find the RMS value of f (x) = 1 − x in
0 < x < 1.
16 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

v
u Rb
u (f (x))2 dx
u
ta
Sol: RMS value of f (x) =
b−a s
s 1
R1 (1 − x)3
= (1 − x)2 dx =
−3
r0 0
1
= .
3
23. State various
 possible solutions of 2one dimensional heat equation.
λx −λx α λ 2t
(A1 e + B1 e )C1 e


2 λ2 t
u(x, t) = (A2 cos λx + B2 sin λx)C2 e−α


(A x + B )C
3 3 3

24. State convolution theorem and Parseval’s identity for Fourier transform.
Sol: Convolution theorem: The Fourier transform of the convolution of f (x) and
g(x) is the product of their Fourier transforms. i.e., F {f (x) ∗ g(x)} = F (s).G(s).
Parseval’s identity: If F (s) is the Fourier transform of f (x) then
R∞ R∞
|f (x)|2 dx = |F (s)|2 ds.
−∞ −∞

25. Find Z[2.3n + 5.(−2)n ].

Sol: Z[2.3n + 5.(−2)n ] = 2Z[3n ] + 5Z[(−2)n ] by property
z
We know that Z[an ] = if |z| > |a|.
z−a
z z
Therefore 2Z[3n ] + 5Z[(−2)n ] = 2. + 5. .
z−3 z+2
26. Classify the PDE: xuxx + uyy = 0.
Sol: Here A = x, B = 0, C = 1,

< 0; if x > 0, the equation is elliptic


B 2 − 4AC = −4x = > 0; if x < 0, the equation is hyperbolic


= 0; if x = 0, the equation is parabolic

27. Solve: p = 2qx

Sol: Given p = 2qx. This is of the form F (x, p, q) = 0.
Let q = a then p = 2ax. we know that dz = pdx + qdy ⇒ dz = 2axdx + ady
Integrating, z = ax2 + ay + c. (1)
which is the complete integral.
∂z
Differentiating partially w.r.to c and then = 0, we get 1=0.
∂x
Hence there is no singular integral.
Put c = φ(a) in (1), z = ax2 + ay + φ(a) (2)
0
Differentiating (2) with respect to a, 0 = x2 + y + φ (a) (3)
Eliminating ‘a’ between (2) and (3), we get the general integral.
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 17

Part - C (5 × 12=60 Marks)

Answer ALL Questions

28. a. i. Find the general solution of x(z 2 − y 2 )p + y(x2 − z 2 )q = z(y 2 − x2 ).

Ans. See Q.No: 28. a. ii., Page No. 5.
02
ii. Solve (D2 − 4D )z = cos 2x cos 3y.
0
Sol: The auxiliary equation is m2 − 4 = 0 where D = m, D = 1.
⇒ m = ±2 ⇒ The Complementary function (C.F.) is φ1 (y + 2x) + φ2 (y − 2x).

1
Particular integral = cos 2x cos 3y
− 4D02
D2
1
= [cos(2x + 3y) + cos(2x − 3y)]
2(D − 4D02 )
2

1 1
= 02 cos(2x + 3y) + cos(2x − 3y)
2
2(D − 4D ) 2(D − 4D02 )
2

= P.I1 + P.I2
1
P.I1 = cos(2x + 3y)
2(D − 4D02 )
2

cos(2x + 3y) 0
= replace by D2 = −4, DD = −9
2(−4 + 36)
cos(2x + 3y)
= and
64
1
P.I2 = cos(2x − 3y)
2(D − 4D02 )
2

cos(2x − 3y) 0
= replace by D2 = −4, DD = −9
2(−4 + 36)
cos(2x − 3y)
=
64
1 1
Therefore P.I1 + P.I2 = [cos(2x + 3y) + cos(2x − 3y)] = cos 2x cos 3y.
64 32
1
Hence z = C.F.+P.I. = φ1 (y + 2x) + φ2 (y − 2x) + cos 2x cos 3y.
32

(OR)
02 03
b. Solve (D3 − 7DD − 6D )z = x2 y + sin(x + 2y).
0
Sol: The auxiliary equation is m3 − 7m − 6 = 0 where D = m, D = 1.
1 0 −7 −6
−1 −1 1 6
1 −1 −6 0
⇒ (m + 1)(m2
− m − 6) = 0 ⇒ (m + 1)(m + 2)(m − 3) = 0 ⇒ m = −1, −2, 3.
The Complementary function (C.F.) is φ1 (y − x) + φ2 (y − 2x) + φ3 (y + 3x)
18 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

1
Particular integral = [x2 y + sin(x + 2y)]
− 7DD02 − 6D03
D3
1 2 1
= 3 02 03 x y + sin(x + 2y)
D − 7DD − 6D D − 7DD02 − 6D03
3

= P.I1 + P.I2
" 02 03
!#−1
1 1 7D 6D
P.I1 = 3 x2 y = 3 1 − + x2 y
D − 7DD02 − 6D03 D D2 D3
 ! !2 
02 03 02 03
1 7D 6D 7D 6D
= 3 1 + 2
+ 3
+ 2
+ · · ·  x2 y
D D D D D3

1 x3 1 x4 x5 y
   
1 2
= 3 x y = y. 2 = y. = and
D D 3 D 12 60
1
P.I2 = 3 sin(x + 2y)
D − 7DD02 − 6D03
sin(x + 2y) 02
= 0 replace by D2 = −1, D = −4
−D + 28D + 24D
sin(x + 2y) 1 sin(x + 2y)
= 0 = .
27D + 24D 3 9D + 8D0
0
1 9D − 8D
= . sin(x + 2y)
3 81D2 − 64D02
0
1 (9D − 8D ) sin(x + 2y)
= .
3 [81(−1) − 64(−4)]
1
= [9 cos(x + 2y) − 8 cos(x + 2y).2]
525
−7 −1
= cos(x + 2y) = cos(x + 2y)
525 75
z = C.F. + P.I1 + P.I2
x5 y 1
= φ1 (y − x) + φ2 (y − 2x) + φ3 (y + 3x) + − cos(x + 2y).
60 75
29. a. Find the Fourier series expansion of f (x) = x2 + x in (−2, 2). Hence find the sum
1 1 1
of the series 2 + 2 + 2 + · · · .
1 2 3
Sol: Given the function f (x) is neither even nor odd.
a0 ∞
P nπx P∞ nπx
Let f (x) = + an cos + bn sin (1)
2 n=1 l n=1 l
1 Rl 1 Rl nπx 1 Rl nπx
where a0 = f (x)dx, an = f (x) cos dx and bn = f (x) sin dx.
l −l l −l l l −l l
Here l = 2.
To find a0 , an , bn :
Z2 Z2 Z2
1 2 1 1
a0 = (x + x )dx = xdx + x2 dx
2 2 2
−2 −2 −2
Z2
2
=0+ x2 dx, since x is odd and x2 is even
2
0
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 19

8
a0 =
3
Z2 Z2 Z2
1 2 nπx 1 nπx 1 nπx
an = (x + x ) cos dx = x cos dx + x2 cos dx
2 2 2 2 2 2
−2 −2 −2
Z2
nπx
2 nπx
=0+ x2 cos
dx, since x cos is odd
2 2 2
0
    2
 nπx  nπx nπx
 2 sin 2  − cos 2   − sin 2 
=x  − 2x   + 2
nπ
 
  n2 π 2   n3 π 3 
2 22 23 0
22
= 4 cos nπ. , since sin 0 = sin nπ = 0
n2 π 2
16(−1)n
=
n2 π 2
Z2 Z2 Z2
1 2 nπx 1 nπx 1 nπx
bn = (x + x ) sin dx = x sin dx + x2 sin dx
2 2 2 2 2 2
−2 −2 −2
Z2
2 nπx nπx
= x sin dx + 0, since x2 sin is odd
2 2 2
0
  2
 nπx  nπx
− cos − sin 2
 2  − 1 2  
= x nπ  n2 π 2  = −2 nπ cos nπ
  

2 22 0
−4(−1) n
=
nπ
Substituting the values of a0 , an , bn in (1), we get
4 16 P ∞ (−1)n nπx 4 P ∞ (−1)n nπx
x + x2 = + 2 2
cos − sin
3 π n=1 n 2 π n=1 n 2
Deduction: x = 2 is an end point in the range. Hence the value of the Fourier series
1 1
at x = 2 is equal to [f (2) + f (−2)] = [(2 + 22 ) + (−2 + (−22 ))] = 4.
2 2
4 16 P ∞ (−1)n 16 P ∞ 1 8 P∞ 1 π2
Hence + 2 cos nπ = 4 ⇒ = . Therefore = .
3 π n=1 n2 π 2 n=1 n2 3 n=1 n
2 6

(OR)

b. Find the Fourier series upto second harmonic from the following data:
π 2π 4π 5π
x: 0 π 2π
3 3 3 3
y = f (x) : 1 1.4 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.2 1

Ans. See Q.No. 29. b., Page No. 8.

20 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

30. a. A string is stretched and fastened to two points l apart. Motion is started by
πx
displacing the string in the form y = a sin from which it is released at time t = 0.
l
Find the displacement y(x, t).
∂2u 2
2 ∂ u.
Sol: The displacement of the string y(x, t) is governed by = a
∂t2 ∂x2
The boundary conditions are
(i) y(0, t) = 0, t ≥ 0 (ii) y(l, t) = 0, t ≥ 0
The initial
 conditions are
∂y πx
(iii) = 0, 0 ≤ x ≤ l (iv) y(x, 0) = a sin , 0 ≤ x ≤ l.
∂t t=0 l
The proper solution is y(x, t) = (A cos λx + B sin λx)(C cos λat + D sin λat) (1)
Using boundary condition (i) in (1), A(C cos λat + D sin λat) = 0 ⇒ A = 0
A = 0 in (1), y(x, t) = B sin λx(C cos λat + D sin λat) (2)
Applying the boundary condition (ii) in (2), B sin λl(C cos λat + D sin λat) = 0
nπ
⇒ B 6= 0 and sin nl = 0 ⇒ λl = nπ ⇒ λ =
 l 
nπ nπx nπat nπat
λ= in (2), y(x, t) = B sin C cos + D sin (3)
l l l l
Again using the initial condition (iii), we have 
∂y nπx nπat nπa nπat nπa
= B sin −C sin . + D cos .
∂t 
 l l l l l
∂y nπx h nπa i
= 0 ⇒ 0 = B sin 0 + D. ⇒ B 6= 0, D = 0
∂t t=0 l l
nπx nπat
D = 0 in equation (3), y(x, t) = B sin C cos
l l
P∞ nπx nπat
The most general solution is y(x, t) = Bn sin cos (4)
n=1 l l
∞
P nπx πx
Using initial condition (iv), y(x, 0) = Bn sin = a sin .
n=1 l l
πx 2πx 3πx πx
⇒ B1 sin + B2 sin + B3 sin + · · · = a sin
l l l l
Comparing both sides, B1 = a, Bn = 0, n 6= 1. Substituting the value of Bn in (4), we
πx πat
get y(x, t) = a sin cos
l l

(OR)

b. A rod of length 20cm has its end A and B kept at 30◦ C and 90◦ C respectively
until steady state conditions prevail. If the temperature at each end is then suddenly
reduced to 0◦ C and maintained so, find the temperature u(x, t) at a distance x from
A at time t.
∂u ∂2u
Sol: The P.D.E. of one dimensional heat flow is = α2 2 (1)
∂t ∂x
2
d u
In steady state, the P.D.E. becomes =0 (2)
dx2
Therefore the solution is u(x) = ax + b (3)
The initial conditions are u(0) = 30 and u(20) = 90
Using these conditions in (3), we obtain u(0) = 0 + b ⇒ b = 30 and
u(20) = 20a + 30 ⇒ 90 = 20a + 30 ⇒ a = 3. Thereforre u(x) = 3x + 30.
When the temperatures at each ends are reduced to zero.
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 21

In transient state, the boundary conditions are

(i) u(0, t) = 0 for all t ≥ 0 (ii) u(20, t) = 0 for all t ≥ 0
The initial condition is (iii) u(x, 0) = 3x + 30 for 0 < x < 20
2 2
In transient state, the proper solution is u(x, t) = (A cos λx + B sin λx)e−α λ t (4)
2 2
Using (i) in (4), we get u(0, t) = 0 = Ae−α λ t ⇒ A = 0.
2 2
A = 0 in (4), u(x, t) = B sin λxe−α λ t (5)
2 2
Using (ii) in (5), we get u(20, t) = 0 = B sin 20xe−α λ t
nπ
Since B 6= 0, sin 20λ = 0 ⇒ 20λ = nπ ⇒ λ =
20
nπ nπx −α2 n2 π2 t/400
λ= in (5), we get u(x, t) = B sin e
20 20
∞
P nπx −α2 n2 π2 t/400
The most general solution is u(x, t) = Bn sin e (6)
n=1 20
P∞ nπx
Using (iii) in (6), we get u(x, 0) = Bn sin = 3x + 30.
n=1 20
This is a half range sine series. Hence

Z20
2 nπx
Bn = (3x + 30) sin dx
20 20
0
  20
 nπx  nπx
1  − cos − sin
= (3x + 30)  20  − 3  20  
nπ
 
10   2
n π 2  
20 202 0
 
1 20 20
= −90.(−1)n . + 30. , since sin 0 = sin nπ = 0
10 nπ nπ
60
= [1 − 3(−1)n ]
nπ
Substituting the value of Bn in (6), we get
∞ 60 nπx −α2 n2 π2 t/400
[1 − 3(−1)n ] sin
P
u(x, t) = e
n=1 nπ 20
(
1 if |x| < a
31. a. Find the Fourier transform of f (x) given by f (x) = and hence
0 if |x| > a > 0
R∞ sin x
evaluate dx.
0 x
Sol:
Z∞ Za
1 isx 1
F {f (x)} = √ f (x)e dx = √ eisx dx
2π 2π
−∞ −a
 isx a
1 e 1 1
=√ = √ . [eias − e−ias ]
2π is −a 2π is
r
2 sin as eix − e−ix
= by sin x =
π s 2i
Using inversion formula, we get
1 R∞ 1 R∞ q 2 sin as −isx
 
f (x) = √ F {f (x)} e−isx ds ⇒ f (x) = √ π e ds
2π −∞ 2π −∞ s
22 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

(
1 R∞ if |x| < a
 
sin as 1
(cos sx − i sin sx)ds = f (x) =
π −∞ s 0 if |x| > a > 0
R∞
 
sin as
Equating real parts, cos sxds = π
−∞ s
R∞ sin s
 
Putting x = 0 and a = 1 ⇒ ds = π
−∞ s
R∞ sin s R∞ sin x
   
π π
Hence ds = ⇒ dx = .
0 s 2 0 x 2

(OR)

b. Find the Fourier sine and cosine transform of f (x) = e−ax , a > 0 and hence deduce
their inversion formula.
r Z∞
−ax 2
Fs (e ) = e−ax sin sxdx
π
0
r  ∞
2 e−ax
= (−a sin sx − s cos sx)
π a2 + s 2 0
r
2 s
= . 2 (1)
π a + s2
r
2 a
Fc (e−ax ) = . [See Q. No. 25, Page No. 5] (2)
π a2 + s2
By inversion formula of (1), we have !
r r r
2 R∞ 2 ∞ 2 s
Fs (s) sin sxds ⇒ e−ax =
R
f (x) = sin sxds
π 0 π 0 π a2 + s2
R∞ s sin sx π
2 + s2
ds = e−ax , a > 0.
0 a 2
R∞ x sin αx π
Changing the variables, 2 + x2
dx = e−αa , a > 0.
0 a 2
Again, by inversion formula of (2), we have !
r r r
2 R∞ −ax 2 R∞ 2 a
f (x) = Fc (s) cos sxds ⇒ e = cos sxds
π 0 π 0 π a2 + s2
R∞ cos sx π −ax
2 2
ds = e , a > 0.
0 a +s 2a
R∞ cos αx π −αa
Changing the variables, 2 2
dx = e , a > 0.
0 a +x 2a

32. a. i. Find (A) Z(n2 ) (B) Z(nan ).

Ans. (A) See Q.No. 27, Page No. 5.; (B) Z(nan ) See Q.No. 17,  Page No. 15.
z 2
ii. Using partial fraction method, evaluate Z −1 .
(z − 1)(z − 3)
z2 X(z) z
Sol: Let X(z) = ⇒ =
(z − 1)(z − 3) z (z − 1)(z − 3)
z A B
Now = + ⇒ z = A(z − 3) + B(z − 1)
(z − 1)(z − 3) z−1 z−3
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 23

−1 3
put z = 1 ⇒ A = and z = 3 ⇒ B =
2 2
−1 3  
X(z) 2 2 1 −z 3z
Therefore = + ⇒ X(z) = +
z z−1 z−3 2 z−1 z−3
Taking inverse transform
 on both sides,
 we get
1 −z 3z 1
Z −1 [X(z)] = Z −1 −1 + 3n+1 .

+ ⇒ x(n) =
2 z−1 z−3 2

(OR)

b. Solve the difference equation yn+2 − 5yn+1 + 6yn = 1 with y0 = 0 and y1 = 1 using
z− transform method.
Sol: Taking Z -transform on both sides of the equation, we get
Z(yn+2 ) − 5Z(yn+1 ) + 6Z(yn ) = Z(1)
h y1 i z
z 2 Y (z) − y0 − − 5 [z(Y (z) − y0 )] + 6Y (z) =
z z−1
2 z
⇒ (z − 5z + 6)Y (z) = +z
z−1
z 2 z2
Y (z) = ⇒ Y (z) = .
(z − 1)(z 2 − 5z + 6) (z − 1)(z − 2)(z − 3)
Y (z) has pole at z = 1, 2, 3.
R is the sum of the residue of Y (z)z n−1
P P
Therefore y(n) = R where
z n+1 1
R1 = {Residue}z=1 = lim (z − 1) =
z→1 (z − 1)(z − 2)(z − 3) 2
z n+1
R2 = {Residue}z=2 = lim (z − 2) = −2n+1
z→2 (z − 1)(z − 2)(z − 3)
z n+1 3n+1
R3 = {Residue}z=3 = lim (z − 3) =
z→3 (z − 1)(z − 2)(z − 3) 2
1 3 n+1
Hence y(n) = − 2n+1 + .
2 2
24 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

B.Tech. Degree Examination, November 2017

Third/Fourth/Fifth Semester
15MA201-Transforms and Boundary Value Problems
Time: Three hours Max. Marks: 100

Part - A (20 × 1=20 Marks)

Answer ALL Questions

1. The partial differential equation formed by eliminating the arbitrary function from the
relation z = f (x2 + y 2 ) is
(A) px = qy (B) py = qx (C) p = qy (D) px = q
Ans. B [See Q.No. 21, Page No. 3.]

2. The complete solution of z = px + qy + p2 q 2

√
(A) z = ax+by +a2 b2 (B) z = bx+ay +ab (C) z = ax+by + ab (D) z = ax+by +ab
Sol: Given z = px + qy + p2 q 2 . This is Clairaut’s form.
Hence the complete integral is z = ax + by + a2 b2 .
Ans. A
0 02
3. The complementary function of (D2 − 3DD + 2D )z = 0
(A) z = φ(y + x) − φ2 (y − 2x) (B) z = φ(y + x) − φ2 (y + 2x)
(C) z = φ1 (y − x) + φ2 (y + 2x) (D) z = φ1 (y + x) − φ2 (y + 2x)
2 0
Sol: The auxiliary equation is m − 3m + 2 = 0 where D = m, D = 1.
(m − 1)(m − 2) = 0 ⇒ m = 1, 2. C.F. is z = φ1 (y + x) + φ2 (y + 2x).
0
4. The particular integral of (D2 − 2DD )z = e2x
e−2x e−2x e2x ex
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 4 4 4
Sol:
1 2x e2x 0
P.I. = 2 0e = where D = 2, D = 0
D − 2DD 4−4
1 2x xe2x
= x. e =
2D − 2D0 4−4
x e2x
2
= .
2

5. The constant a0 of the Fourier series for the function f (x) = x in 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π

(A) π (B) 2π (C) 3π (D) 0
Ans. B [See Q.No. 5, Page No. 13.]

6. The RMS value of f (x) = x in −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 is

1
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) √ (D) -1
3 v v
u Rb u R1
u (f (x))2 dx u x2 dx
u u
t−1 1
Sol: RMS value of f (x) = a
t
= =√ .
b−a 2 3
Ans. C
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 25

7. If f (x) = x2 in (−π, π) then the value of bn is

(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) -1 (D) 2
Sol: If f (x) is an even function of x in (−π, π) then bn = 0.
Ans. B

8. Half range cosine series for f (x) in (0, π) is

a2 ∞ a2 1 P ∞ ∞ ∞
(A) 0 + an cos nx (B) 0 + (a2n + b2n ) (C)
P P P
bn sin nx (D) an cos nx
2 n=1 4 2 n=1 n=1 n=1
a0 P∞
Ans: + an cos nx
2 n=1

9. The one dimensional wave equation is

∂u ∂2u ∂2u ∂2u ∂y ∂2y ∂2u ∂2y
(A) = α2 2 (B) 2
= a2 2 (C) =α 2 (D) 2
=a 2
∂t ∂x ∂t ∂x ∂t ∂x ∂x ∂t

Ans. B
∂2u 2
2∂ u
10. How many initial and boundary condition are required to solve = a
∂t2 ∂x2
(A) Two (B) Three (C) Five (D) Four
Ans. D

11. One dimensional heat equation is used to find

(A) Density (B) Temperature Distribution (C) Time (D) Displacement
Ans. B

12. The proper solution in steady state heat flow problem is

2 2
(A) u = (Aeλx + Be−λx )eα λ t (B) u = Ax + B
2 2
(C) u = (A cos λx + B sin λx)eα λ t (D) u = (Aeλx + Be−λx )(Ceλat + De−λat )
Ans. B

13. The Fourier transform of f (x) is

1 R∞ 1 R∞
(A) √ f (x)eist dt (B) √ f (x)eisx dx
2π −∞ 2π −∞
1 R∞ 1 R∞
(C) √ f (x)dx (D) √ f (x)eisx dx
2π −∞ 2π ∞
Ans. B

14. If F [f (x)] = F (s) then iax

 F [e f (x)] is
s
(A) F (as) (B) F (C) F (s − a) (D) F (s + a)
a
Ans. D [See Q.No. 15, Page No. 2.]

15. F (f (x) ∗ g(x)) is

(A) F (s) + G(s) (B) F (s) − G(s) (C) F (s)G(s) (D) F (s)/G(s)
Ans. C
R∞
16. If F [f (x)] = F (s) then |f (x)|2 dx =
−∞
R∞ R∞ R∞ R∞
(A) |F (s)|2 ds (B) |F (x)|2 dx (C) |F (x)|2 dx (D) |F (s)|2 ds
−∞ −∞ 0 0
Ans. A
26 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

17. What is Z[(−2)n ]

z −z −z z
(A) (B) (C) (D)
z+2 z+2 z−2 z−2
z z
Sol: We know that Z(an ) = ⇒ Z[(−2)n ] = .
z−a z+2
Ans. A

18. Z[nan ] =
z a az z
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(z − a)2 (z − a)2 (z − a)2 (z − a)2
Ans. C [See Q.No. 17, Page No. 15.]
h nπ i
19. Z cos =
2
z z z2 z2
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 2
z +1 z −1 z −4 z +1
Ans. D [See Q.No. 18, Page No. 15.]
zn
20. Poles of φ(z) = are
(z − 1)(z − 2)
(A) z = 1, 0 (B) z = 1, 2 (C) z = 0, 2 (D) z = 0
Sol: The poles are (z − 1)(z − 2) = 0 ⇒ z = 1, 2.
Ans. B

Part - B (5 × 4=20 Marks)

Answer ANY FIVE Questions

21. Solve p tan x + q tan y = tan z.

dx dx dx
Sol: The auxiliary equations are = =
tan x tan y tan z
Taking the first two ratios, we get
sin x
log sin x = log sin y + log a ⇒ a = .
sin y
sin y
Similarly taking the last two ratios, we get b = .
 sin z
sin x sin y
Therefore the general solution is φ , = 0.
sin y sin z
22. Find the complete integral of p2 + q 2 = x + y.
Sol: Given equation is separable type.
Therefore p2 − x = y − q 2 = K (say)
√ √
⇒ p = x + k and q = y − k.
We know that dz = pdx + qdy.
√ √
dz = x + kdx + y − kdy
2 2
Integrating, we have z = (x + k)3/2 + (y − k)3/2 + c.
3 3
23. Find the half range Fourier sine series f (x) = x in 0 < x < π.
P∞ 2 Rπ
Sol: Let f (x) = bn sin nx where bn = f (x) sin nxdx.
n=1 π0
 π
2 Rπ
     
2 − cos nx − sin nx 2 −π n
Now bn = x sin nxdx = x −1 = (−1) .
π0 π n n2 0 π n
∞ 2
(−1)n−1 sin nx.
P
Therefore x =
n=1 n
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 27

24. State any two assumptions in deriving one dimensional wave equation and write its all
possible solutions.
See Q.No. 24, Page No. 4.
 
1 s
25. If F [f (x)] = F (s) then prove that F [f (ax)] = F where a 6= 0.
|a| a
1 R∞ isx
Proof: By definition F {f (ax)} = √ e f (ax)dx.
2π −∞
dt
Put ax = t ⇒ dx = .
a s
∞
 
1 R i t dt 1 s
case i: a > 0 ⇒ F {f (ax)} = √ e a f (t) = F . (1)
2π −∞   a a a
s
1 −∞
 
R i t dt −1 s
case ii: a < 0 ⇒ F {f (ax)} = √ e a f (t) = F . (2)
2π ∞   a a a
1 s
From (1) and (2), we get F {f (ax)} = F .
|a| a
z(z − cos θ)
26. Prove that Z(cos nθ) = if |z| > 1.
z2 − 2z cos θ + 1
Ans. See Q.No. 26, Page No. 5. and equating real parts, we get
z(z − cos θ)
Z(cos nθ) = 2 if |z| > 1.
z − 2z cos θ + 1
 
−1 1
27. Find Z .
(z − 1)(z − 2)
1
Sol: Let X(z) = .
(z − 1)(z − 2)
z n−1
X(z)z n−1 = has simple poles at z = 1 and z = 2.
(z − 1)(z − 2)
(z − 1)z n−1
R1 = {Residue}z=1 = lim = −1 and
z→1 (z − 1)(z − 2)
(z − 2)z n−1
R2 = {Residue}z=2 = lim = 2n−1 .
z→2 (z − 1)(z − 2)
R is the sum of the residues of X(z)z n−1
P P
Hence x(n) = R where
⇒ x(n) = 2n−1 − 1.

Part - C (5 × 12=60 Marks)

Answer ALL Questions

28. a.i. Find the singular solution of z = px + qy + p2 q 2 .

Sol: Given z = px + qy + p2 q 2 . This is Clairaut’s form.
The complete solution is z = ax + by + a2 b2 . (1)
Partially differentiating w.r.to a and b, we get 0 = x + 2ab2 and 0 = y + 2ba2 .
Therefore x = −2ab2 and y = −2ba2 (2)
x y 1
⇒ = = −2ab = (say).
a b k
Hence a = ky and b = kx.
Substituting the values of a and b in (2) and (1), we get
28 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

−1
k3 = and z = kxy + kxy + k 4 x2 y 2
2xy  
2 2 −1 3
⇒ z = 2kxy + kx y ⇒ z = kxy.
2xy 2
27
Hence z 3 = k 3 x3 y 3 ⇒ 16z 3 + 27x2 y 2 = 0.
8
ii. Solve x(y − z)p + y(z − x)q = z(x − y).
dx dy dz
Sol: The auxiliary equations are = = .
x(y − z) y(z − x) z(x − y)
dx + dy + dz dx + dy + dz
Each is equal to P ⇒
x(y − z) 0
⇒ d(x + y + z) = 0.
Integrating, we have x + y + z = a.
1 1 1
Also, taking the Lagrangian multipliers , , , we have
x y z
dx dy dz
x = y = z
y−z z−x x−y
dx dy dz dx dy dz
+ + + +
x y z x y z
Each ratio is equal to P ⇒
(y − z) 0
dx dy dz
Hence + + = 0.
x y z
Integrating log x + log y + log z = log b ⇒ xyz = b.
Hence, the general solution is φ(x + y + z, xyz) = 0.

(OR)
0 02
b. Solve (i) (D2 + DD − 6D )z = x2 y + e3x+y (ii) z 2 (p2 + q 2 ) = x2 + y 2 .
0
Sol: i. The auxiliary equation is m2 + m − 6 = 0 where D = m, D = 1.
⇒ (m − 2)(m + 3) = 0 ⇒ m = −3, 2.
The complementary function (C.F.) is φ1 (y − 3x) + φ2 (y + 2x).
1
Particular integral = (x2 y + e3x+y )
D2+ DD0 − 6D02
1 2 1
= 2 0 02 x y + e3x+y
D + DD − 6D D + DD0 − 6D02
2

= P.I1 + P.I2
" 0 02
!#−1
1 1 DD + 6D
P.I1 = 2 x2 y = 2 1 + x2 y
D + DD0 − 6D02 D D2
 ! !2 
0 02 0 02
1 DD + 6D DD + 6D
= 2 1 − 2
+ + · · ·  x2 y
D D D2
" 0
#  
1 D 2 1 2 1 2
= 2 1− x y= 2 x y− x
D D D D
x4 y x5
= −
12 60
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 29

1
P.I2 = e3x+y
D2 + DD0 − 6D02
e3x+y 0
= where D = 3, D = 1
6
z = C.F. + P.I1 + P.I2
x4 y x5 e3x+y
= φ1 (y − 3x) + φ2 (y + 2x) + − + .
12 60 6
2 2 2 2
ii. Given z (p + q ) = x + y . 2

⇒ (zp)2 + (zq)2 = x2 + y 2 .
This is of the form F (z k p, z k q) = 0.
∂Z ∂Z ∂z ∂z
Put Z = z k+1 = z 2 then P = = . = 2zp where p = .
∂x ∂z ∂x ∂x
Similary Q = 2zq. Therefore the equation reduces to P 2 + Q2 = 4(x2 + y 2 ).
⇒ P 2 − 4x2 = 4y 2 − Q2 = 4a (say)
√ p
Hence P = 4a + 4x2 and Q = 4y 2 − 4a
√ p
2 2
We know that dZ =  P dx + Qdy ⇒ dZ = 2 a + x dx + 2 y − ady
x√

2
a −1 x yp 2 a −1 y
Integrating, Z = 2 a + x + sinh √ + y − a − cosh √ + b
2 2 a 2 2 a
2
√ −1 x
p −1 y
2 2
⇒ z = x a + x + a sinh √ + y y − a − a cosh √ + b.
a a
29. a. Find the Fourier series to represent (x − x2 ) in the interval (−π, π). Deduce the
1 1 1 1
value of 2 − 2 + 2 − 2 + · · · .
1 2 3 4
Sol: Given the function f (x) is neither even nor odd.
a0 ∞
P P∞
Let f (x) = + an cos nx + bn sin nx (1)
2 n=1 n=1
1 Rπ 1 Rπ 1 Rπ
where a0 = f (x)dx, an = f (x) cos nxdx and bn = f (x) sin nxdx.
π −π π −π π −π
To find a0 , an , bn :
Zπ Zπ Zπ
1 2 1 1
a0 = (x − x )dx = xdx − x2 dx
π π π
−π −π −π
Zπ
2
=0− x2 dx, since x is odd and x2 is even
π
0
−2π 2
=
3
Zπ Zπ Zπ
1 2 1 1
an = (x − x ) cos nxdx = x cos nxdx − x2 cos nxdx
π π π
−π −π −π
Zπ
2
=0− x2 cos nxdx, since x cos nx is odd
π
0
− sin nx π
      
2 2 sin nx − cos nx
=− x − 2x +2
π n n n3 0
30 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

2 h cos nπ i
=− 2π , since sin 0 = sin nπ = 0
π n
−4(−1)n
=
n2
Zπ Zπ Zπ
1 2 1 1
bn = (x − x ) sin nxdx = x sin nxdx − x2 sin nxdx
π π π
−π −π −π
Zπ
2
= x sin nxdx − 0, since x2 sin nx is odd
π
0
− sin nx π
       
2 − cos nx 2 − cos nπ
= x −1 = π
π n n 0 π n
−2(−1) n
=
n
Substituting the values of a0 , an , bn in (1), we get
−π 2 ∞

2
P n 4 2
x−x = − (−1) cos nx + sin nx
3 n=1 n2 n
Deduction: x = 0 which is a point of continuity. Hence the sum of the Fourier series
equals the value
 of the function at x = 0. Therefore f (0) = 0. 2
−π 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 π
0= + 4 2 − 2 + 2 − ··· ⇒ 2 − 2 + 2 − ··· = .
3 1 2 3 1 2 3 12

(OR)

b. Find the Fourier series upto second harmonic from the following data:
π 2π 4π 5π
x 0 π 2π
3 3 3 3
y 1 1.4 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.5 1

a0 P2 P2 2 P
Sol: Let f (x) = + an cos nx + bn sin nx where a0 = f (x),
2 n=1 n=1 m
2 P 2 P
an = f (x) cos nx and bn = f (x) sin nx.
m m

x f (x) cos x sin x cos 2x sin 2x

0 1 1 0 1 0
π
1.4 0.5 0.866 -0.5 0.866
3
2π
1.9 -0.5 0.866 -0.5 -0.866
3
π 1.7 -1 0 1 0
4π
1.5 -0.5 -0.866 0.5 0.866
3
5π
1.5 0.5 -0.866 0.5 -0.866
3
1
Now a0 = [1 + 1.4 + 1.9 + 1.7 + 1.5 + 1.5] = 3
3
2P 1
a1 = f (x) cos x = [1 + 0.7 − 0.95 − 1.7 − 0.75 + 0.75] = −0.3167
6 3
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 31

2P 1
a2 = f (x) cos 2x = [1 − 0.7 + 0.95 + 1.7 − 0.75 − 0.75] = 0.48
6 3
2P 1
b1 = f (x) sin x = [0 + 1.2124 + 1.6454 + 0 − 1.299 − 1.299] = 0.0866
6 3
2 P 1
b2 = f (x) sin 2x = [0 + 1.2124 − 1.6454 + 0 + 1.299 − 1.299] = −0.1443
6 3
Hence f (x) = 1.5 − 0.3167 cos x + 0.48 cos 2x + 0.0866 sin x − 0.1443 sin 2x.

30. a. A tightly string of length l has its end fastened at x = 0, x = l. At t = 0, the string
is in the form f (x) = kx(l − x) and then released. Find the displacement at any point
on the string at a distance x from one end and at any time t > 0.
Ans. See Q.No. 30. a., Page No. 8.

(OR)

b. A rod of length 20cm has its end A and B kept at 30◦ C and 90◦ C respectively
until steady state conditions prevail. If the temperature at each end is then suddenly
reduced to 0◦ C and maintained so, find the temperature u(x, t) at a distance x from
A at time t.
Ans. See Q.No. 30. b., Page No. 20.
(
a2 − x2 if |x| < a
31. a. Find the Fourier transform of f (x) given by f (x) = hence
0 if |x| > a > 0
R∞ sin x − x cos x π
prove that 3
dx = .
0 x 4
Sol:
Z∞ Za
1 isx 1
F {f (x)} = √ f (x)e dx = √ (a2 − x2 )eisx dx
2π 2π
−∞ −a
Za
1
=√ (a2 − x2 )(cos sx + i sin sx)dx
2π
−a
Za Za
1 2 2 1
=√ (a − x ) cos sxdx + i √ (a2 − x2 ) sin sxdx
2π 2π
−a −a
Za
2
=√ (a2 − x2 ) cos sxdx + i.0 since (a2 − x2 ) sin sx is odd
2π
0
− sin sx a
      
2 sin sx − cos sx
=√ (a2 − x2 ) − (−2x) + (−2)
2π s s2 s3 0
  
2  cos as  sin as
=√ −2a +2
2π s2 s3
4
= √ [sin as − as cos as]
s3 2π
Using inversion formula
1 R∞
f (x) = √ F {f (x)} e−isx ds
2π −∞
32 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

1 R∞ 4
f (x) = √ √ [sin as − as cos as] e−isx ds
2π −∞ s3 2π
2 R∞ 1
[sin as − as cos as] (cos sx − i sin sx)ds = a2 − x2
π −∞ s3
R∞ sin as − as cos as
 
π
Equating real parts, 3
cos sxds = (a2 − x2 )
−∞ s 2
R∞ sin s − s cos s
 
π
Putting x = 0 and a = 1 ⇒ 3
ds =
−∞ s 2
R∞ sin s − s cos s R∞ sin x − x cos x
   
π π
Hence 3
ds = ⇒ 3
dx = .
0 s 4 0 x 4

(OR)

b. i. Find the Fourier cosine and sine transform of f (x) = e−ax , a > 0.
Ans. See Q.No. 31. b., Page No. 22.
R∞ dx
ii. Evaluate 2 2 2 2
using transform method.
0 (a + x )(b + x )
Ans. See Q.No. 30. b. i., Page No. 11.
z 2 + 2z
32. a. i. Find Z −1 [F (z)] if F (z) = .
z 2 + 2z + 4
Ans. See Q.No. 32.a.i, Page No. 11.
z+3
ii. Find the inverse Z -transform of f (z) using residues = f (z).
(z + 1)(z − 2)
z+3
Sol: Given f (z) = .
(z + 1)(z − 2)
z n−1 (z + 3)
f (z)z n−1 = has simple poles at z = −1 and z = 2.
(z + 1)(z − 2)
R is the sum of the residue of f (z)z n−1
P P
Therefore x(n) = R where
z n−1 (z + 3) −2
R1 = {Residue}z=−1 = lim (z + 1) =
z→−1 (z + 1)(z − 2) 3
z n−1 (z + 3) 2n−1 .5
R1 = {Residue}z=2 = lim (z − 2) =
z→2 (z + 1)(z − 2) 3
−2 2n−1 .5 1
= (5.2n−1 − 2).
P
Therefore x(n) = R = +
3 3 3
(OR)

b. Solve the equation yn+2 − 7yn+1 + 12yn = 2n given y0 = y1 = 0 using z− transform.

Sol: Taking Z -transform on both sides of the equation, we get
Z(yn+2 ) − 7Z(yn+1 ) + 12Z(yn ) = Z(2n )
h y1 i z
z 2 Y (z) − y0 − − 7 [z(Y (z) − y0 )] + 12Y (z) =
z z−2
2 z z
⇒ (z − 7z + 12)Y (z) = ⇒ Y (z) =
z−2 (z − 2)(z 2 − 7z + 12)
z
⇒ Y (z) = .
(z − 2)(z − 3)(z − 4)
Y (z) has pole at z = 2, 3, 4.
R is the sum of the residue of Y (z)z n−1
P P
Therefore y(n) = R where
zn 2n
R1 = {Residue}z=2 = lim (z − 2) = = 2n−1
z→2 (z − 2)(z − 3)(z − 4) 2
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 33

zn
R2 = {Residue}z=3 = lim (z − 3) = −3n
z→3 (z − 2)(z − 3)(z − 4)
zn 4n
R3 = {Residue}z=4 = lim (z − 4) = = 22n−1
z→4 (z − 2)(z − 3)(z − 4) 2
Hence y(n) = 2n−1 − 3n + 22n−1 .
34 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

B.Tech. Degree Examination, November 2018

Third/Fourth/Fifth Semester
15MA201-Transforms and Boundary Value Problems
Time: Three hours Max. Marks: 100

Part - A (20 × 1=20 Marks)

Answer ALL Questions

1. The partial differential equation formed by eliminating the arbitrary function from the
relation z = f (x2 + y 2 ) is
(A) px = qy (B) py = qx (C) p = qy (D) px = q
Ans. B [Sol: See Q.No. 21, Page No. 3]

2. The complete integral of q = 2py is

(A) z = ax + ay 2 + b (B) z = ax2 − ay 2 + b (C) z = ax + by (D) z = 2xy
Sol: Given q = 2py. This is of the form F (y, p, q) = 0.
Let p = a then q = 2ay. We know that dz = pdx + qdy ⇒ dz = adx + 2aydy
Integrating, z = ax + ay 2 + b.
Ans. A

3. The solution which has equal number in arbitrary constants and independent variables
is known as
(A) General integral (B) Complete integral
(C) Particular integral (D) Singular integral
Ans. B

4. The particular integral of D2 z = x3 y is

x5 y x2 y 2
(A) (B) (C) x4 y 2 (D) x3 y
20 10
1 1 x4 x5 y
Sol: P.I.= 2 x3 y = y. = .
D D 4 20
Ans. A

5. The period of the periodic function tan x is

(A) π (B) 2π (C) 3π (D) 0
Ans. A

6. If f (x) is discontinuous at x = a, then the sum of the Fourier series x = a is

f (a− ) − f (a+ ) f (a− ) − f (a+ ) f (a− ) + f (a+ )
(A) (B) f (a− ) − f (a+ ) (C) (D)
2 3 2
Ans. D

7. In the half range cosine series of f (x) = cos x in (0, π) the value of a0 is
2 4
(A) 4 (B) (C) (D) 0
π π
Ans. D [Sol: See Q.No. 8, Page No. 2]
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 35

a20 1 P ∞
8. If y is the RMS value of f (x) in (0, 2l), then the value of + (a2 + b2n ) is
4 2 n=1 n
y2 y
(A) (B) (C) y (D) y 2
2 2
Ans. D
∂2u 2
2∂ u
9. How many initial and boundary condition are required to solve = a
∂t2 ∂x2
(A) Two (B) Three (C) Four (D) Five
Ans. C

10. The most general solution for the displacement y(x, t) of the string of the length l
vibrating between fixed end  points with non-zero initial velocity  is
∞ ∞
 nπx  
P nπat P  nπx  nπat
(A) Bn sin cos (B) Bn sin sin
n=1 l l  n=1 l  l 
∞ ∞
 nπx  
P nπat P  nπx  nπat
(C) Bn cos sin (D) Bn cos cos
n=1 l l n=1 l l
∂2u ∂ 2u
Sol: The displacement y(x, t) is governed by = a2 2 .
∂t2 ∂x
The boundary conditions are
(i) y(0, t) = 0, t ≥ 0 (ii) y(l, t) = 0, t ≥ 0
The initial conditions are  
∂y
(iii) y(x, 0) = 0, 0 ≤ x ≤ l (iv) 6= 0, 0 ≤ x ≤ l.
∂t t=0
The proper solution is y(x, t) = (A cos λx + B sin λx)(C cos λat + D sin λat) (1)
Using boundary condition (i) in (1), A(C cos λat + D sin λat) = 0 ⇒ A = 0
A = 0 in (1), y(x, t) = B sin λx(C cos λat + D sin λat) (2)
Applying the boundary condition (ii) in (2), B sin λl(C cos λat + D sin λat) = 0
nπ
⇒ B 6= 0 and sin nl = 0 ⇒ λl = nπ ⇒ λ =
 l 
nπ nπx nπat nπat
λ= in (2), y(x, t) = B sin C cos + D sin (3)
l l l l
nπx
Again using the initial condition (iii), B sin .C = 0 ⇒ B 6= 0, C = 0.
l
nπx nπat
C = 0 in equation (3), y(x, t) = B sin D sin
l l
∞
P nπx nπat
The most general solution is y(x, t) = Bn sin sin .
n=1 l l
Ans. B
∂u ∂2u
11. The one dimensional heat equation = α2 2 , α2 stands for
∂t ∂x
k T k k
(A) (B) (C) (D)
δ m ρc c
Ans. C

12. The steady state temperature of a rod of length l whose ends are kept respectively at
30◦ C and 40◦ C is
10x 20x
(A) u(x) = + 30 (B) u(x) = + 30
l l
10x 10x
(C) u(x) = + 30 (D) u(x) = + 40
l l
36 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

d2 u
Sol: In steady state, the P.D.E. becomes =0
dx2
Therefore the solution is u(x) = ax + b (1)
The initial conditions are u(0) = 30 and u(l) = 40.
Using these conditions in (1), we obtain u(0) = 0 + b ⇒ b = 30 and
10
u(l) = la + 30 ⇒ 40 = la + 30 ⇒ a = .
l
10x
Therefore u(x) = + 30.
l
Ans. A or C

13. If F [f (x)] = F (s) then F [f (ax)] =    

1 s s
(A) aF (s) (B) F (as) (C) F (D) aF
|a| a a
Ans. C [Sol: See Q.No. 25, Page No. 27]

Fourier cosine transformrof f (x) = e−ax , (where a > 0 )

14. The r
   
2 s 2 a
(A) 2 2
(B) 2 2
rπ s + a  rπ s + a 
2 s 2 a
(C) (D)
π s2 − a2 π s2 − a2
Ans. B [Sol: See Q.No. 25, Page No. 5]

15. The value of Fc [x.f (x)] is

d d d d
(A) [Fs (s)] (B) − [Fs (s)] (C) i [Fs (s)] (D) (−i) [Fs (s)]
ds ds r ds ds
2 R∞
Sol: By definition Fs (s) = f (x) sin sxdx
π 0
Differentiatingr w.r.to s, we get
d 2 R∞ d
[Fs (s)] = xf (x) cos sxdx ⇒ [Fs (s)] = Fc {x.f (x)} .
ds π 0 ds
Ans. A
R∞
16. If F [f (x)] = F (s) then |f (x)|2 dx =
−∞
R∞ R∞ R∞ R1
(A) |F (s)|2 ds (B) |F (s)|2 ds (C) |F (s)|ds (D) |F (s)|ds
0 −∞ 0 0
Ans. B
 
1
17. The value of Z is
n!
1 1
! !
−
(A) e z (B) e z (C) ez (D) e−z
1
∞ 1
   
1 −n 1 1 1 1
+ · · · = ez
P
Sol: Z = z ⇒Z =1+ + +
n! n=0 n! n! z 2!z 2 3!z 3
Ans. A
 
z
18. The inverse Z -transform of is
(z − 1)2
(A) n − 1 (B) n (C) n + 1 (D) n2
Ans. B [Sol: See Q.No. 19, Page No. 15 and replace by a = 1 ]
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 37

19. If Z(f (n)) = F (z) and Z(g(n)) = G(z), then the Z -transform of f (n) ∗ g(n) is
(A) F (z) + G(z) (B) F (z) − G(z) (C) F (z).G(z) (D) F (z) ÷ G(z)
Ans. C
z n (z + 1)
20. Poles of φ(z) = are
(z − 2)3
(A) -1 (order 3) (B) 1 (order 3) (C) 2 (order 3) (D) -2 (order 3)
Sol: The poles are given by z − 2 = 0 ⇒ z = 2.
Ans. C

Part - B (5 × 4=20 Marks)

Answer ANY FIVE Questions

21. Compute the complete integral of p2 + q 2 = x + y.

Ans. See Q.No. 22, Page No. 26.
0 02
22. Solve (D2 − 4DD + 4D )z = e2x+y .
Sol: The auxiliary equation is m2 − 4m + 4 = 0
⇒ (m − 2)2 = 0 ⇒ m = 2, 2.
The Complementary function (C.F.) is φ1 (y + 2x) + xφ2 (y + 2x)
1
Particular integral (P.I.) = 2 e2x+y
D − 4DD0 + 4D02
1
P.I. = e2x+y
D2 − 4DD0 + 4D02
1 0
= e2x+y where D = 2, D = 1
4−8+4
1 2x+y
= e
0
1
= x. e2x+y
2D − 4D0
1 2x+y 0
= x. e where D = 2, D = 1
4−4
1
= x. e2x+y
0
2 1 2x+y
=x . e
2
x2 2x+y
Hence the solution is z = C.F. + P.I. = φ1 (y + 2x) + xφ2 (y + 2x) + e .
2
23. Find the half range Fourier sine series f (x) = x(π − x) in 0 < x < π.
P∞ 2 Rπ
Sol: Let f (x) = bn sin nx where bn = f (x) sin nxdx
n=1 π0
38 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

Zπ
2
Now bn = (πx − x2 ) sin nxdx
π
0
2
 
− cos nx
 
− sin nx
  cos nx  π
2
= (πx − x ) − (π − 2x) + (−2)
π n n2 n3 0
 
2 −2 −2
= cos nπ − 3 cos 0 since sin 0 = sin nπ = 0
π n3 n
−4 8
= 3 [(−1)n − 1] = 3 if n is odd
n π n π
P 8
Therefore x(π − x) = 3
sin nx.
n=odd n π

24. List out all the possible and correct solutions for the one dimensional wave equation with
non-zero velocity problem.
Ans. Possible solution: See Q. No. 24, Page No. 4 and the correct solution is
y(x, t) = (A cos λx + B sin λx)(C cos λat + D sin λat).

25. A rod of length l has its ends A and B kept at 0◦ C and 100◦ C respectively until
steady state conditions prevail. Find the steady state temperature of the rod.
d2 u
Sol: In steady state, the P.D.E. becomes =0
dx2
Therefore the solution is u(x) = ax + b (1)
The initial conditions are u(0) = 0 and u(l) = 100.
Using these conditions in (1), we obtain
100
u(0) = 0 + b ⇒ b = 0 and u(l) = la ⇒ 100 = la ⇒ a = .
l
100x
Therefore u(x) = .
l
26. Determine the Fourier transform of e−|x| .

Z∞ Z∞
n
−|x|
o 1 1
F e =√ isx
f (x)e dx = √ e−|x| eisx dx
2π 2π
−∞ −∞
Z∞
1
=√ e−|x| (cos sx + i sin sx)dx
2π
−∞
Z∞ Z∞
1 −|x| 1
=√ e cos sx + i √ e−|x| sin sxdx
2π 2π
−∞ −∞
Z∞
2
=√ e−x cos sxdx + 0, since e−|x| sin sx is odd
2π
0
r  ∞
2 e−x
= (− cos sx + s sin sx)
π s2 + 1 0
r  
2 1
= 2
π s +1
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 39

z2
27. Using convolution theorem, calculate the inverse Z -transform of .
(z − a)2
Sol:
z2
   
z z
Z −1 = Z −1
.
(z − a)2 z−a z−a
   
−1 z −1 z
=Z .Z
z−a z−a
n
X
= an ∗ an = am .an−m
m=0
n
X
= an 1 = an (n + 1)
m=0

Part - C (5 × 12=60 Marks)

Answer ALL Questions
p
28. a. i. Find the singular integral of z = px + qy + 1 + p2 + q 2 .
Sol: The given equation is Clairaut’s form.
√
Therefore the complete integral is z = ax + by + 1 + a2 + b2 . (1)
Differentiating (1) w. r. to a and b, we get
1 −a
0 = x + (1 + a2 + b2 )1/2−1 .2a ⇒ x = √ (2)
2 1 + a2 + b2
1 −b
and 0 = y + (1 + a2 + b2 )1/2−1 .2b ⇒ y = √ (3)
2 1 + a2 + b2
a2 + b2 1
Now 1 − x2 − y 2 = 1 − 2 2
⇒ 1 − x2 − y 2 =
1+a +b 1 + a2 + b2
√ 1
⇒ 1 + a2 + b2 = p
1 − x2 − y 2
√ −x
(2) ⇒ a = −x 1 + a2 + b2 = p
1 − x2 − y 2
√ −y
(3) ⇒ b = −y 1 + a2 + b2 = p
1 − x2 − y 2
Substituting in (1), we get
x2 y2 1 1 − x2 − y 2
z = −p −p +p =p
2 2 1 − x2 − y 2 1 − x2 − y 2 1 − x2 − y 2
p 1−x −y
2 2 2 2 2 2
z = 1 − x − y ⇒ z = 1 − x − y . Hence x + y + z = 1. 2 2
0
ii. Solve (D3 − 2D2 D )z = sin(x + 2y) + 3x2 y.
Ans. See Q.No. 28. b., Page No. 6.

(OR)

b. i. Form the PDE by eliminating φ from φ(x2 + y 2 + z 2 , lx + my + nz) = 0.

Sol: Rewriting the given equation as x2 + y 2 + z 2 = f (lx + my + nz).
Differentiating partially w.r.to 
x and y, we get
∂z 0 ∂z
2x + 2z = f (lx + my + nz) l + n and (1)
∂x  ∂x 
∂z 0 ∂z
2y + 2z = f (lx + my + nz) l + m . (2)
∂y ∂y
40 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

x + pz l + np ∂z ∂z
Divide (1) and (2), we get = where = p, = q.
y + qz m + nq ∂x ∂y
⇒ (x + pz)(m + nq) = (y + qz)(l + np)
⇒ xm + xnq + pzm + pznq = yl + ynp + qzl + qznp.
⇒ (zm − yn)p + (xn − zl)q = yl − xm.
ii. Find the general solution of z(x − y) = x2 p − y 2 q.
dx dy dz
Sol: The auxiliary equation are 2 = = .
x −y 2 z(x − y)
dx dy
Taking the first two ratios, 2 = .
x −y 2
−1 1 1 1
Integrating, = + a ⇒ + = a1 .
x y x y
dx + dy dz d(x + y) dz
Now 2 2
= ⇒ = .
x −y z(x − y) x+y z
x+y
Integrating, log(x + y) = log z + log b ⇒ = b.
  z
1 1 x+y
The general solution is φ + , = 0.
x y z
29. a. Obtain the Fourier series expansion of f (x) = x2 in −π < x < π) and hence find
1 1 1
the sum of the series 4 + 4 + 4 + · · · .
1 2 3
Sol: Given the function is even function. Therefore bn = 0.
a0 ∞
P
The Fourier series is f (x) = + an cos nx (1)
2 n=1
2 Rπ 2 Rπ
where a0 = f (x)dx and an = f (x) cos nxdx.
π0 π0
To find a0 , an :
Zπ
2
a0 = x2 dx
π
0
π
x3 2π 2

2
= =
π 3 0 3
Zπ
2
an = x2 cos nxdx
π
0
− sin nx π
      
2 2 sin nx − cos nx
= x − 2x +2
π n n n3 0
2 h cos nπ i
= 2π , since sin 0 = sin nπ = 0
π n
4(−1)n
=
n2
Substituting the values of a0 , an in (1), we get
π2 ∞ 4
x2 = (−1)n 2 cos nx.
P
+
3 n=1 n
1 Rπ a2 1 P ∞
By Parseval’s identity |f (x)|2 dx = 0 + (a2 + b2n ).
2π −π 4 2 n=1 n
1 Rπ 4 1 4π 4 1 P ∞ 16
⇒ x dx = + +
2π −π 4 9 2 n=1 n4
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 41

1 Rπ 4 π4 ∞ 1
P
⇒ .2 x dx = +8 4
2π 0 9 n=1 n
 5 π 4
1 x π ∞
P 1 P∞ 1 π4
⇒ = +8 4
⇒ 4
= .
π 5 0 9 n=1 n n=1 n 90

(OR)

b. Compute the first three harmonics of the half range cosine series of y = f (x) from
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
y = f (x) 4 8 15 7 6 2

a0 P3 nπx 2 P 2 P nπx
Sol: Let f (x) = + an cos where a0 = f (x), an = f (x) cos ,
2 n=1 l m m l
πx π 2πx 3πx 4πx 5πx
Put θ = and l = 6. Therefore the values are θ are 0, , , , , .
l 6 6 6 6 6

x f (x) cos θ cos 2θ cos 3θ

0 4 1 1 1
π
8 0.866 0.5 0
6
2π
15 0.5 -0.5 -1
6
3π
7 0 -1 0
6
4π
6 -0.5 -0.5 1
6
5π
2 -0.866 0.5 0
6

2
Now a0 = [4 + 8 + 15 + 7 + 6 + 2] = 14
6
2P 1
a1 = f (x) cos θ = [4 + 6.928 + 7.5 + 0 − 3 − 1.732] = 4.5653
6 3
2P 1
a2 = f (x) cos 2θ = [4 + 4 − 7.5 − 7 − 3 + 1] = −2.8333
6 3
2P 1
a3 = f (x) cos 3θ = [4 + 0 − 15 + 0 + 6 + 0] = −1.6667
6 3
Hence f (x) = 7 + 4.5653 cos θ − 2.83333 cos 2θ − 1.6667 cos 3θ.

30. a. A tightly stretched string with fixed  end point x = 0 and x = l is initially in a
3 πx
position given by y(x, 0) = y0 sin . If it is released from rest in this position, find
l
the displacement y(x, t) of the string at any point.
∂2u 2
2 ∂ u.
Sol: The displacement of the string y(x, t) is governed by = a
∂t2 ∂x2
The boundary conditions are
(i) y(0, t) = 0, t ≥ 0 (ii) y(l, t) = 0, t ≥ 0
The initial
 conditions are
∂y  πx 
(iii) = 0, 0 ≤ x ≤ l (iv) y(x, 0) = y0 sin3 , 0 ≤ x ≤ l.
∂t t=0 l
The proper solution is y(x, t) = (A cos λx + B sin λx)(C cos λat + D sin λat) (1)
Using boundary condition (i) in (1), A(C cos λat + D sin λat) = 0 ⇒ A = 0
42 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

A = 0 in (1), y(x, t) = B sin λx(C cos λat + D sin λat) (2)

Applying the boundary condition (ii) in (2), B sin λl(C cos λat + D sin λat) = 0
nπ
⇒ B 6= 0 and sin nl = 0 ⇒ λl = nπ ⇒ λ =
 l 
nπ nπx nπat nπat
λ= in (2), y(x, t) = B sin C cos + D sin (3)
l l l l
Again using the initial condition (iii), 
∂y nπx nπat nπa nπat nπa
= B sin −C sin . + D cos .
∂t   l l l l l
∂y nπx h nπa i
⇒ = B sin 0 + D. ⇒ B 6= 0, D = 0
∂t t=0 l l
nπx nπat
D = 0 in equation (3), y(x, t) = B sin C cos
l l
∞
P nπx nπat
The most general solution is y(x, t) = Bn sin cos (4)
n=1 l l
∞ nπx  πx 
= y0 sin3
P
Using initial condition (iv), y(x, 0) = Bn sin .
 n=1 l l
 πx  1 πx 3πx
Since sin3 = 3 sin − sin .
l 4 l l  
πx 2πx 3πx y0 πx 3πx
Therefore B1 sin + B2 sin + B3 sin + ··· = 3 sin − sin .
l l l 4 l l
3y0 −y0
Equating like coefficients, we get B1 = , B2 = 0, B3 = , B4 = B5 = · · · = 0.
4 4
3y0 πx πat y0 3πx 3πat
Substituting these value in (4), we get y(x, t) = sin cos − sin cos .
4 l l 4 l l

(OR)

b. A rod of length 30cm has its end A and B kept at 20◦ C and 80◦ C respectively
until steady state conditions prevail. The temperature at each end is suddenly reduced
to 0◦ C and kept so. Estimate the resulting temperature function u(x, t) of the rod.
Ans. See Q.No. 30. b., Page No. 9.
(
1 − |x|, in |x| < 1
31. Find the Fourier transform of f (x) = and hence deduce the value
0, in |x| > 1
R∞ sin t 4
 
of dt.
0 t
Sol:
Z∞ Z1
1 isx 1
F {f (x)} = √ f (x)e dx = √ (1 − |x|)eisx dx
2π 2π
−∞ −1
Z1
1
=√ (1 − |x|)(cos sx + i sin sx)dx
2π
−1
Z1
2
=√ (1 − x) cos sxdx + i.0, since (1 − |x|) sin sx is odd
2π
0
Solved University Question Papers-15MA201, SRMIST 43

− cos sx 1
r     
2 sin sx
F {f (x)} = (1 − x) − (−1)
π s s2 0
r   
2 cos s  −1
= − 2 −
π s s2
r  r
2 2 sin2 (s/2)

2 1 − cos s
= = .
π s2 π s2
R∞ R∞
By Parseval’s identity |F (s)|2 ds = |f (x)|2 dx
−∞ −∞
R∞ 2 4 sin4 (s/2) R1
⇒ . 4
ds = (1 − |x|)2 dx
−∞ π s −1
8 R∞ sin4 (s/2) R1
⇒ .2 ds = 2 (1 − x)2 dx
π 0 s4 0
s
Put t = ⇒ 2t = s. Therefore 2 dt = ds and t = 0 to t = ∞
2 1
8 R∞ sin4 t (1 − x)3 R∞ sin4 t

π
⇒ 4
.2dt = ⇒ 4
dt = .
π 0 (2t) −3 0 0 t 3

(OR)

R∞ dx R∞ x2 dx
b. Using Parseval’s identity, evaluate and .
0 (x2 + a2 )2 2 2 2
0 (x + a )
Sol: Consider f (x) = e−ax , a > 0. r
2 a
The Fourier cosine transform Fc (e−ax ) = [See Q. No. 25, Page No. 5] and
π a + s2
2
r
2 s
The Fourier sine transform Fs (e−ax ) = [See Q. No. 31.b., Page No. 22].
π a + s2
2
R∞ R∞
By Parseval’s identity for cosine transform |Fc (s)|2 ds = |f (x)|2 dx
0 0
2 R∞ a2 R∞ −2ax
ds = e dx
π 0 (s2 + a2 )2 0 
2 R∞ a2 e−2ax

1
⇒ 2 2 2
ds = = .
π 0 (s + a ) −2a 2a
R∞ ds π
Therefore 2 2 2
= 3
0 (s + a ) 4a
dx R∞ π
Changing the variable s into x , we get = 3.
0 +a )2 2 4a (x2
R∞ ∞
By Parseval’s identity for sine transform |Fs (s)|2 ds = |f (x)|2 dx
R
0 0
2 R∞ s2 R∞ −2ax
ds = e dx
π 0 (s2 + a2 )2 0 
2 R∞ s2 e−2ax

1
⇒ 2 2 2
ds = = .
π 0 (s + a ) −2a 2a
R∞ s2 ds π
Therefore 2 + a2 )2
=
0 (s 4a
R∞ x2 dx π
Changing the variable s into x , we get 2 2 2
= .
0 (x + a ) 4a
44 V. Suvitha, Department of Mathematics, SRMIST

10z
32. a. i. Using long division method, find the inverse Z -transform of .
(z − 1)(z − 2)
10z 10z −1
Sol: Let F (z) = = .
(z − 1)(z − 2) 1 − 3z −1 + 2z −2
By long division
10z −1 +30z −2 +70z −3 150z −4 + · · ·
1 − 3z −1 + 2z −2 √ 10z −1
10z −1 −30z −2 +20z −3
30z −2 −20z −3
−30z −2 +90z −3 +60z −4
70z −3 −60z −4
−70z −3 −210z −4 +140z −5
150z −4 −140z −5
150z −4 −450z −5 +300z −6
310z −5 −300z −6
∞
f (n)z −n = 10z −1 + 30z −2 + 70z −3 + 150z −4 + · · ·
P
Hence
n=0
Therefore f (0) = 1, f (1) = 10, f (2) = 30, f (3) = 70, f (4) = 150, etc.
ii. Solve y(n + 2) − 4y(n + 1) + 4y(n) = 0, given y(0) = 1 and y(1) = 0.
Sol: Taking Z -transform on both sides of the equation, we get
Z[y(n + 2)] − 4Z[y(n + 1)] + 4Z[y(n)] = 0
 
2 y(1)
z Y (z) − y(0) − − 4 [z(Y (z) − y(0))] + 4Y (z) = 0
z
z 2 − 4z z(z − 4)
⇒ (z 2 − 4z + 4)Y (z) − z 2 + 4z = 0 ⇒ Y (z) = 2 ⇒ Y (z) = .
(z − 4z + 4) (z − 2)2
Y (z) has pole of order 2 at z = 2.
R is the sum of the residue of Y (z)z n−1
P P
Therefore y(n) = R where
d n
z (z − 4)
R = lim (z − 2)2 = lim z n .1 + nz n−1 (z − 4) = 2n (1 − n).
 
z→2 dz (z − 2) 2 z→2
Hence y(n) = 2n (1 − n).

(OR)

z 2 − 3z
b. i. Using residues method, find the inverse Z -transform of
(z + 2)(z − 5)
z 2 − 3z z n (z − 3)
Sol: Let f (z) = ⇒ f (z)z n−1 =
(z + 2)(z − 5) (z + 2)(z − 5)
The poles are given by (z + 2)(z − 5) = 0 ⇒ z = −2, 5 which are simple poles.
z n (z − 3) 5
R1 = {Residue}z=−2 = lim (z + 2) = (−2)n
z→−2 (z + 2)(z − 5) 7
z n (z − 3) 2 n
R2 = {Residue}z=5 = lim (z − 5) = (5)
z→5 (z + 2)(z − 5) 7
5 2
Therefore x(n) = R = (−2)n + (5)n .
P
7 7
ii. Solve y(n + 2) + 6y(n + 1) + 9y(n) = 2n , given y(0) = y(1) = 0.
Ans. See Q.No. 32. b., Page No. 12.