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Polynomials Handout.

The document introduces polynomials and their properties. It defines monomials as terms with only variables or numbers, and polynomials as the sum of monomials. The document discusses adding and subtracting polynomials by combining like terms. It also covers finding the degree of polynomials based on the exponents of variables and rearranging polynomials in descending order by degree.

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ROMNICK DIANZON
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
286 views

Polynomials Handout.

The document introduces polynomials and their properties. It defines monomials as terms with only variables or numbers, and polynomials as the sum of monomials. The document discusses adding and subtracting polynomials by combining like terms. It also covers finding the degree of polynomials based on the exponents of variables and rearranging polynomials in descending order by degree.

Uploaded by

ROMNICK DIANZON
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POLYNOMIALS: INTRODUCTION

MONOMIALS:

EXAMPLES: NON-EXAMPLES:
4 A number 2x Variable as an
exponent
y A variable x2  3 A sum
a2 The product of variables 5a 2 Negative exponent
1 2 The product of numbers 3 A quotient
x y
2 x
and variables

Examples: Determine if each expression is a monomial.


1.  4 xy 2. a 2  8 3.
x 4. 7 z 1 5. b7
5

POLYNOMIAL: A polynomial is a ________________ or the


_______________________________________ of different monomials.

Determine which expressions are polynomials:


c a
6. 2q 7. d
d
8. p + q 9. ab  4 10. x2 + 4x – 8 11. 7y3 – 5y -2 + 4y

SPECIFIC TYPES OF POLYNOMIALS


BINOMIAL: TRINOMIAL:

Examples: Examples:

Examples #12 - 19: Determine if each expression is a monomial, binomial,


trinomial, or not a polynomial.
5
12. 2m  7 13. x 2  3 x  4  5 14. 2 x  3 15. 3 y  6  7 y 2

16. 3x + 8x – 5x2 17. 8x3y2z 18. 2a2 + 3ab – 5ba 19. 9r + 11 – 5r2
DEGREE: Based on the exponents of the variables.
 The degree of a MONOMIAL:

 The degree of a POLYNOMIAL:

Examples: Find the degree of each polynomial.


2
20. 5mn 22. 5a2 + 3 24. 3x2 – 7x

21. 9x3yz6 23. - 4x2y2 + 3x2 + 12 25. 8m3 – 2m2n2 – 11

REORDERING TERMS OF A POLYNOMIAL BASED ON DEGREE:


MOVE TERMS AND KEEP THE SIGN WITH THE TERM
Example: Arrange the polynomials in descending order according to the powers of the x.
a) 6x2 + 5 – 8x – 2x3 d) 3a3x2 – a4 + 4ax5 + 9a2x

b) 7x2 –11x4 + 8 – 2x5


e) 15x5 – 2x2 y2 – 7yx4 + x3y

c) 25x6 –3x2 + 7x5 + 15x8


CC Math I Standards: Unit 6
POLYNOMIALS: ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION
WARM UP ACTIVITY: Simplify the following
1) 3x – 2y + 4y – 6x 4) 5a + 3b – 2c – 8a
3) 4z + 2t + 3z – t
5) 8a + 6b + 6a + 2b

2) 3x – 12y – 2x2 + 6y

ADDING AND SUBTRACTING POLYNOMIALS:


 When adding and subtracting polynomials, you COMBINE LIKE TERMS.
 Be careful of parentheses and positive or negative signs with the operations.

Exp 1: (3x2 – 4x + 8) + (2x – 7x2 – 5)


Exp 4: (6y2 + 8y4 – 5y) – (9y4 – 7y + 2y2)

Exp 2: (3n2 + 13n3 + 5n) – (7n + 4n3)


Exp 5: (7y2 + 2y – 3) + (2 – 4y + 5y2)

Example 3: (2b2 + 8ab3 + 4b) – (9b – 5ab3)


Exp 6: (3x2 + 5x + 2) – (4 – 2x) + (5x2 + 7)

PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Simplify each expression


1. x  2 x  3  2 x  7 x  9
2 2
2. ( 3 x  5)  ( 2 x  3)

3. ( 2 x  3)  ( 4 x  3) 4. ( 2 x 2  2 x  4)  ( x 2  3 x  7 )
5. ( 3a 2  a  4)  ( a 2  2a  1) 6. ( t 2  1)  ( 2t  3)

7. ( 2 x 2  3)  ( x 2  2 x  1) 8. ( 2 x 2  5 xy  3 y 2 )  (8 x 2  7 y 2 )

9. ( z 2  2 z  5)  ( 3 z 2  z  4) 10. ( 4 m  3n )  ( 2 n  5 m )

11. (6 x  5)  ( 3 x  1) 12. ( 2a 2  3a )  ( 5b  b 2 )  ( 2a  8b )

13. ( 3 z 2  5)  ( 4 z  2 z 2 )  ( z  3) 14. ( 3 x  2)  (5 x  4)  (19  2 x )

15. (10 x 2  8 x )  (6  3 x 2 )  ( 2 x  9) 16. (6m 2  7)  ( 2m 2 )  ( 2m  3)

Find the PERIMETER of the shape.


Equation: Perimeter = Sum of all the sides
3 – 2x 9x – 3y + 2
4x - 8 3a - b 3a - b 2y – 3x - 3
11 + y 12 + 5x + 7y
3a - b

3b – 4a + 5 7 + 3x
4z + 3

6 + 2a 4z + 3
6 + 2a 5x2 – 2

3b – 4a + 5

3x2 + 5x + 7 3ab + 4a2


3x2 – 4x 3x2 – 4x
6x - 3
6x - 3
2a2 3b2
2
3x + 5x + 7 7 – 2x 7 – 2x
2
6b – 5ab
5x2 + 7x + 3
CC Math I Standards: Adding and Subtracting Polynomials WORKSHEET
Unit 6 NAME: ____________________________________

Find the sum or difference:


1) (x3 - 7x + 4x2 – 2) – (2x2 – 9x + 4) 2) (3a + 2b – 7c) + (6b – 4a + 9c)

3) (5y2 – 2xy + 6x2 – 3x + 7y – 9) + (3x2 – 4x + 5) – (5y2 – 3y + 6)

Word Problems:
1) Bob mowed (2x2 + 5x – 3) yards on Monday, (4x – 7) yards on Tuesday, and (3x2 + 10)
yards on Wednesday.
a. How many yards did he mow in the three days?

b. If Bob mowed 14x2 + 12x – 3 yards total for the entire week, how many yards did
he mow during the rest of the week?

2) Molly has (4x + 10) dollars and Ron has (-5x + 20) dollars.
a. How much money do they have altogether?

b. How much more money does Molly have than Ron?

3) Ross has (8x – 5) tickets for Chuck E Cheese. He is going to play today and wants to buy
a prize that is (15x + 1) tickets. How many tickets must he win to have enough tickets to
buy the prize?
Find the missing side of a shape. 9ab + 8a2
5x2 – 3x + 2
???
2
2x – 5 4a2 – 4ab ???
???
3x2 + 9x 7b2 – 2ab
Perimeter Perimeter Perimeter
5x2 + 7x + 12 9b2 – 2ab + 12a2 14x2 + 4x – 8

4) The measure of the perimeter of a triangle is 37s + 42. It is known that two of the sides
of the triangle have measures of 14s + 16 and 10s + 20. Find the length of the third side.

5) A triangle has a perimeter of 10a + 3b + 12 and has sides of length 3a + 8 and 5a + b,


what is the length of the third side?

6) For a rectangle with length of 3x + 4 and perimeter of 10x + 18, what is the width of the
rectangle?

7) A rectangle has a perimeter of 12y2 – 2y + 18 and has a width of 4y2 – y + 6. What is the
length of the rectangle?
CC Math I Standards: Unit 6
POLYNOMIALS: Multiplication of Monomial and Polynomial
DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY REVIEW

1) -4 (2 – 6x ) 2) 3 (5p + q – 3r) 3) -2 (-x - 7y)


SIMPLIFYING PRACTICE PROBLEMS:

1) (4x + 7x)3 2) 12z (– 5z + 9z2 ) 3) -7 (– 6m + 11m)

4) 4(11 – 3x) 5) – 5(5a – 3b – 6) 6) -2(x2 - 8x + 3x3 – 6)

7) 9x – 4(6 – 3x) 8) 5(3b – 2a) – 7b 9) 12 + 3(7x + 2)

10) 6(4y + 3z) – 11z 11) 5 + 2(4m – 7n) + 9n 12) 12 –7(3 – 5r) + 8r
13) 19x + 1(2 + 4x) – 18 14) 2(2x + 6) + 3(5x – 7)

15) 6(4a – 2b) – 2(9b – 7a) 16) 5(3x + 2y) – 4(7y + 8z)
LAWS of EXPONENTS REVIEW:
Multiply Coefficients and Add Exponents of Same Variable

1) (3x2)(7x3) 2) 8m5 • m 3) t3 • 6t7

4) (4y4)(-9y2) 5) 3r5 • 2r2 • 7r6 6) (-2p3r)(11r4p6)

7) (6y3x)(5y3) 8) 7c5a3b • 8a2b4c 9) (-3t3u2)(-4u3t)

Using Law of Exponents and Distributive Property:


1) 4x(2x + 6) 2) 9y2(5y – 3) 3) -6a(3a2 – 7a – 11)

4) 3z3(12z + 4z3 – 1) 5) 2pq(3p2 + 6pq + 7q2) 6) -5xy3( -3x3 + 7y – 2xy)


CC Math I Standards: Unit 6
MULTIPLYING A POLYNOMIAL BY A MONOMIAL:
USE THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY with VARIABLE TERMS
Keep track of Coefficients and Exponents of Variables

Exp 1: y(y + 5) Exp 2: -2n(7 – 5n2)

Exp 3: -7m (3m2 + 4m + 5) Exp 4: 2ab (3a2 – 2ab + 6b2)

Exp 5: 3a3 (2a2 – 5a + 8) Exp 6: -3x3y (5yx + 6y2)

BOX METHOD: 6y2 (4y2 – 9y – 7) =

Practice. Simplify each example


1. 7( 2 x  5) 2. 4 x( 3 x 2
 7) 3.  5a ( 6  3a 2 )

4. 2m 2 ( 5m 2  7 m  8) 5. 3r ( 2r 2  6r  5) 6. 6 x 3 y(  x  7 y  3 xy )
7. 2 y 2 (7 y  3 x )  5 y 3 8. 11 y( y  3)  13 y 9. 3(x3+ 4x2) + 2x(x – 7)

10. 4 (3d2 + 5d) – d (d2 – 7d + 12) 11. 3 (2t2 – 4t – 15) + 6t (5t + 2)

POLYNOMIALS: FOIL BOX METHOD Part 1


BINOMIAL #2 FOIL Box Method: The box method does the exact same
F O multiplications as our standard FOIL method, but gives it in a
BINOMIAL #1

first outer graphic organizer.


terms terms
 Be careful of positive and negatives.
I L
inner last  Combine like terms of boxes to finish.
terms terms

Exp 1: (x + 2) (x + 1) Exp 2: (y + 3) (y - 4) Exp 3: (a – 5 ) (a – 7 )


Exp 4: (3x + 2) (x + 4) Exp 5: (5b + 9) (b - 4) Exp 6: (2n -7) (3n + 3)
Exp 7: (2x - 5) (2x - 5) Exp 8: (8r2 – 2r) (5r + 4) Exp 9: (2x + 5y) (7y – 3x)
Practice Problems: Multiply the following binomials.

1. ( x  3)( x  2) 2. ( 2 x  1)( x  1) 3. ( y  4)( y  2)

4. ( x  7)( x  3) 5. ( y  4)( 2 y  3) 6. ( 4h  3)( 3h  2)

7. ( m  3)( m  1) 8. ( 2a  3)(a  2) 9. ( 3 x  1)( x  2)

10. ( 2 x  3)( 2 x  2) 11. ( 3a  b )( 2a  4b ) 12. ( 2 x  y )( 3 x  2 y )

13. ( x 2  4)( x  3) 14. ( x 2  6 x )( x  1) 15. (a 2  2)(a 5  1)


POLYNOMIALS: FOIL BOX METHOD Part 2
WARM UP: Simplify each expression by FOIL
1) ( 3b  5)( b  4) 2) ( y  7)( y  6) 3) ( 2n  9)( n  8)

BINOMIAL TIMES TRINOMIAL: One More Column for 3rd term in trinomial
Example 1: (a + 3) (a2 + 7a + 6) Example 2: (4x + 9) (2x2 – 5x + 3)

Example 3: (y - 5) (4y2 – 3y + 2) Example 4: (2b + 1) (b2 – 5b + 4)

Example 5: (x - 6) (x2 – 7x - 8 ) Example 6: (3b2 – 4b) (2b2 – b + 7)


REVIEW:Polynomial Operations ______________________________

I will be able to add, subtract, multiply, and divide polynomials. Name Per

Part 1: Classify each as M (monomial), B (binomial), T (trinomial), P (polynomial), or C (constant).

1).______ 2 x  1 2).______ 17 x 2  11 3).______ 8 x 3  2 x 2  3 x  7

4).______  130 5).______ 4a 2  7 a  10 6).______ 10 x 3  2 x  1

Part 2: Standard Form of Polynomials

7.) Circle the problems that are in standard form. If it is not in standard form, re-write in standard form.

a. x 3  11x 2 b. 2 3 x  4 x 2  3 x 3 c.  3 x  17 x 4  2 x 2 d.  1  3 x  2 x 2

________________ _______________ ________________ __________________

8. Given: 2 x 3  5 x 2  2 x 12

How many terms are there? ____ What is the coefficient of the 3rd term? ____ What is the constant? _____
Part 3: Add these polynomials. Only combine things that are alike (have the same exponent).

12.) ( 19 x 2  12 x  12)  (7 x 2  10 x  13) 13.) ( 4 x 2  6 x  7)  ( 19 x 2  15 x  18)

14.) ( 20 x 2  15 x  13)  ( 19 x 2  17 x  5) 15.) (9 x 6  4 x 5 )  (10 x 5  15 x 4  14)

16.) ( 9 x 2  12)  (7 x 2  10 x  13) 17.) (5 x 6  9 x 3  6 x )  (9 x 6  20 x 2  6 x)

Part 4: Subtract these polynomials.

18.) (6x + 14) 19.) (14x2 + 13x + 12) 20.) (19x2 + 9x + 16)

- (9x + 5) - (7x2 + 20x + 4) - (5x2 + 12x + 7)

21.) (17x2 + 7x - 14) - (-6x2 - 5x - 18) 22.) (-18x2 + 4x - 16) - (15x2 + 4x - 13)

Part 5: Multiplying Monomials

23.) 2 x (4 x 2 ) 24.) 17 x 2 (2 x 5 ) 25.)  3x 3 (4 x 2 ) 26.)  12 x 2 (2 x )


Part 6: Use the distributive property to find the product (multiply).

27.) 4( x  2) 28.)  3( 2 x 2  1) 29.) 6( x 2  2 x  7) 30.) 4 x(1  x )

30.)  x 2 ( x  5) 31.) 3x²(4x³ – 5x + 10) 


32.) 3 x  x 2  2 x  12 

Part 7: Use division and the distributive property to simplify. Divide EVERY term.

 15 x  10 6 x 2  10  18 x 2  21x
33.) 34.) 35.)
5 2 3

14 x 3  28 x 2  70 20 x 4  15 x 2 x 4  3x3  7 x
36.) 37.) 38.)
7 5x2 x
Use the FOIL Method to simplify the following:

(x – 3)(x + 4) (2x + 4)(2x + 3) (x – 7)(x – 6)

(3x – 1)(x + 5) (4x + 3)(2x + 4) (x – 4)(x – 2)

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