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Machine Learning

Machine learning is a field of computer science that uses statistical techniques to allow computer systems to learn from data and improve performance without being explicitly programmed. There are two broad categories of machine learning tasks: supervised learning, where the computer is presented example inputs and outputs to learn a general rule; and unsupervised learning, where no labels are given and the algorithm must find its own structure in the data. Machine learning has applications in many domains including agriculture, bioinformatics, computer vision, natural language processing, online advertising, and financial analysis.

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272 views

Machine Learning

Machine learning is a field of computer science that uses statistical techniques to allow computer systems to learn from data and improve performance without being explicitly programmed. There are two broad categories of machine learning tasks: supervised learning, where the computer is presented example inputs and outputs to learn a general rule; and unsupervised learning, where no labels are given and the algorithm must find its own structure in the data. Machine learning has applications in many domains including agriculture, bioinformatics, computer vision, natural language processing, online advertising, and financial analysis.

Uploaded by

cpmac123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Machine learning is a field of computer science that uses statistical techniques to give computer systems the

ability to "learn" (e.g., progressively improve performance on a specific task) with data, without being
explicitly programmed.

Machine learning tasks


Machine learning tasks are typically classified into two broad categories, depending on whether there is a
learning "signal" or "feedback" available to a learning system:

• Supervised learning: The computer is presented with example inputs and their desired outputs, given by a
"teacher", and the goal is to learn a general rule that maps inputs to outputs. As special cases, the input
signal can be only partially available, or restricted to special feedback:
• Semi-supervised learning: the computer is given only an incomplete training signal: a training set with
some (often many) of the target outputs missing.
• Active learning: the computer can only obtain training labels for a limited set of instances (based on a
budget), and also has to optimize its choice of objects to acquire labels for. When used interactively,
these can be presented to the user for labeling.
• Reinforcement learning: training data (in form of rewards and punishments) is given only as feedback
to the program's actions in a dynamic environment, such as driving a vehicle or playing a game against
an opponent.
• Unsupervised learning: No labels are given to the learning algorithm, leaving it on its own to find structure
in its input. Unsupervised learning can be a goal in itself (discovering hidden patterns in data) or a means
towards an end (feature learning).

Applications

Applications for machine learning include:

• Agriculture
• Automated theorem proving
• Adaptive websites
• Affective computing
• Bioinformatics
• Brain–machine interfaces
• Cheminformatics
• Classifying DNA sequences
• Computational anatomy
• Computer Networks
• Telecommunication
• Computer vision, including object recognition
• Detecting credit-card fraud
• General game playing
• Information retrieval
• Internet fraud detection
• Linguistics
• Marketing
• Machine learning control
• Machine perception
• Medical diagnosis
• Economics
• Insurance
• Natural language processing
• Natural language understanding
• Optimization and metaheuristic
• Online advertising
• Recommender systems
• Robot locomotion
• Search engines
• Sentiment analysis (or opinion mining)
• Sequence mining
• Software engineering
• Speech and handwriting recognition
• Financial market analysis
• Structural health monitoring
• Syntactic pattern recognition
• Time series forecasting
• User behavior analytics
• Translation

Software

Software suites containing a variety of machine learning algorithms include the following :
Free and open-source software

• CNTK
• Deeplearning4j
• ELKI
• H2O
• Mahout
• Mallet
• MLPACK
• MXNet
• OpenNN
• Orange
• scikit-learn
• Shogun
• Spark MLlib
• TensorFlow
• Torch / PyTorch
• Weka / MOA
• Yooreeka
Proprietary software with free and open-source editions
• KNIME
• RapidMiner
Proprietary software

• Amazon Machine Learning


• Angoss KnowledgeSTUDIO
• Ayasdi
• IBM Data Science Experience
• Google Prediction API
• IBM SPSS Modeler
• KXEN Modeler
• LIONsolver
• Mathematica
• MATLAB
• Microsoft Azure Machine Learning
• Neural Designer
• NeuroSolutions
• Oracle Data Mining
• Oracle AI Platform Cloud Service
• RCASE
• SAS Enterprise Miner
• SequenceL
• Splunk
• STATISTICA Data Miner

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