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Chapter 16 Practice Exam

This document contains 19 multiple choice questions about thermodynamics concepts such as spontaneity, entropy, Gibbs free energy, and equilibrium. The questions cover calculating and determining signs of thermodynamic properties, and using them to analyze spontaneity and equilibrium for various chemical reactions.

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Andrika Trepnia
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169 views

Chapter 16 Practice Exam

This document contains 19 multiple choice questions about thermodynamics concepts such as spontaneity, entropy, Gibbs free energy, and equilibrium. The questions cover calculating and determining signs of thermodynamic properties, and using them to analyze spontaneity and equilibrium for various chemical reactions.

Uploaded by

Andrika Trepnia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER SIXTEEN PRACTICE EXAM

1. Which of the following statements is not true?


a. The reverse of a spontaneous reaction is always nonspontaneous.
b. A spontaneous process always moves toward equilibrium.
c. A highly spontaneous process need not occur rapidly.
d. A nonspontaneous process cannot be caused to occur.
2. Which forward reaction is a nonspontaneous process?
a. 2 NH3 (g) ↔ N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) if PNH = 1 atm, PH = PN = 0, and Kp = 2 × 10-6
b. N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) ↔ 2 NH3 (g) if PH = PN = 1 atm, PNH = 0, and Kp = 4 × 105
c. the expansion of a gas into a vacuum
d. none of the above
3. Entropy is a measure of:
a. molecular randomness.
b. the heat of a reaction.
c. free energy.
d. the rate of a reaction.
4. For which process is the sign of ΔS negative in the system?
a. 2 H2O (l) + 2 K (s) → 2 K+ (aq) +2 OH– (aq) + H2 (g)
b. H2O (l) → H2O (g)
c. H2O (s) → H2O (g)
d. 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2 H2O (g)
5. Sodium reacts violently with water according to the equation: 2 Na (s) + 2 H 2O (l) → 2
NaOH (aq) + H2 (g). The resulting solution has a higher temperature than the water prior
to the addition of sodium. What are the signs of ΔH∘ and ΔS∘ for this reaction?
a. ΔH° is negative and ΔS° is negative.
b. ΔH° is negative and ΔS° is positive.
c. ΔH° is positive and ΔS° is positive.
d. ΔH° is positive and ΔS° is negative.
6. The entropy change associated with the expansion of one mole of an ideal gas from an
initial volume of Vi to a final volume of Vf at constant temperature is given by the
equation, ΔS = R ln (Vf/Vi). What is the entropy change associated with the expansion of
three moles of an ideal gas from an initial volume of Vi to a final volume of Vf at constant
temperature?
a. ΔS = 3 mol × R ln (Vf/Vi)
b. ΔS = R ln (Vf × 23/Vi)
c. ΔS = R ln (Vf/Vi)
d. ΔS = R ln (Vf × 3!/Vi)
7. Which has the highest entropy in each set?
I. H2O (s), H2O (l), H2O (g) at 0.1°C, 4.58 atm
II. H2O (l) at 0°C, H2O (l) at 25°C, H2O (l) at 100°C (all at 1.0 atm pressure)
a. H2O (l) in set I and H2O (l) at 0°C in set II
b. H2O (g) in set I and H2O (l) at 100°C in set II
c. H2O (s) in set I and H2O (l) at 100°C in set II
d. H2O (g) in set I and H2O (l) at 0°C in set II
8. Which of the following gas molecules has the greatest standard molar entropy at 25°C?
a. CH3CH3
b. C2H2
c. CH2CH2
d. All have the same entropy.
9. Calculate ΔS° for the following reaction.
N2 (g) + 2 O2 (g) → 2 NO2 (g)

a. -121.5 J/K
b. 636.5 J/K
c. 15.5 J/K
d. -156.5 J/K
10. According to the second law of thermodynamics, all reactions proceed spontaneously in
the direction that increases the entropy of the:
a. surroundings.
b. system – surroundings
c. system.
d. system + surroundings
11. For the process:
CaCO3 (calcite) → CaCO3 (aragonite) ΔH° = -0.21 kJ, ΔS° = -4.2 J/K
Assuming that the surroundings can be considered a large heat reservoir at 25°C,
calculate ΔSsurr and ΔStotal for the process at 25°C and 1 atm pressure. Is the process
spontaneous at 25°C and 1 atm pressure?
a. ΔSsurr = 4.2 J/K, Δtotal = 0, not spontaneous
b. ΔSsurr = 0.7 J/K, ΔStotal = -3.5 J/K, not spontaneous
c. ΔSsurr = -0.7 J/K, ΔStotal = -4.9 J/K, not spontaneous
d. ΔSsurr = -0.7 J/K, ΔStotal = -4.9 J/K, spontaneous
12. At constant pressure and temperature, which statement is true?
a. All reactions for which K < 1 are spontaneous.
b. All reactions for which ΔH < 0 are spontaneous.
c. All reactions for which ΔG < 0 are spontaneous.
d. All reactions for which ΔS < 0 are spontaneous.
13. For a particular process ΔG is less than ΔH. Therefore:
a. ΔS is zero.
b. ΔS is positive.
c. ΔS is negative.
d. ΔS is negative if ΔH is positive and ΔS is positive if ΔH is negative.
14. The signs of ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS at 25°C are shown below for three reactions.

Which reaction could go in the reverse direction at high temperature?


a. I and II
b. I
c. III
d. II
15. Which of the following is zero at 25°C?
a. ΔG°f for H2O (l)
b. S° for H2O (l)
c. S° for N2 (g)
d. ΔG°f for N2 (g)
16. Which of the following are unstable with respect to their constituent elements at 25°C?

a. CH3OH (l)
b. C2H2 (g)
c. C8H18 (l), C2H2 (g)
d. C8H18 (l), CH3OH (l)
17. At 2600 K, ΔG° = 775 kJ for the vaporization of boron carbide: B4C(s) ↔ 4 B(g) + C(s)
Find ΔG and determine if the process is spontaneous if the reaction vessel contains 4.00
mol B4C (s), 0.400 mol of C (s), and B (g) at a partial pressure of 1.0 × 10-5 atm. At this
temperature, R T = 21.6 kJ.
a. ΔG = -270 kJ; spontaneous.
b. ΔG = -220 kJ; nonspontaneous.
c. ΔG = -220 kJ; spontaneous.
d. ΔG = -270 kJ; nonspontaneous.
18. Consider the reaction: N2 (g) + 3 F2 (g) → 2 NF3 (g) ΔH° = -249 kJ and ΔS° = -278 J/K at
25°C. Calculate ΔG° and state whether the equilibrium composition should favor
reactants or products at standard conditions.
a. ΔG° = -166 kJ; the equilibrium composition should favor reactants.
b. ΔG° = -166 kJ; the equilibrium composition should favor products.
c. ΔG° = -332 kJ; the equilibrium composition should favor products.
d. ΔG° = -332 kJ; the equilibrium composition should favor reactants.
19. Calculate the standard free energy change at 25°C for the reaction: 2 NO (g) + O2 (g) → 2
NO2 (g).

a. -4.7 kJ
b. -72.6 kJ
c. -532.6 kJ
d. -157.8 kJ

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