Government polytechnic, Jalna

Electrical Engineering Department

Micro project Details

ANNEXURE-II
Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project (*****)

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Academic Year: 2019-2020 Course: EE Semester: First

Name of faculty: Ms. D.Gadhe Course Code: 22001 Subject: ICT

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Title of the Projects

“GPS system”
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COs addressed by Micro projects:

A.

B.

C.

Major Learning Outcomes Achieved by students by doing the projects

A.

B.

C.

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 Comments /Suggestion about Term work /leadership /Interpersonal Communication (if
any)

Marks Evolution:

Staff Remark:

Roll Enrollment Name Of Seat Number Marks Out of 6 Marks Out Total
No No Students for performance of 6 for Out Of
in group activity performance 10
(D5.Col 8) in group
activity
D5. Col

Guide H.O.D Principal

Ms. D.Gadhe Mr.S.R.Navale Mr.S.R.Navale

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 Government Polytechnic, Jalna
Computer Engineering Department

Micro project on

“GPS system”

Subject: Fundamentals of ICT (ICT- 22001)

Group Members
Sr.No Roll No Enrollment No Seat No Name Of the Students
1. 04 -- Bilwal Siddhant .N
2. 05 -- Namde Akash .K
3. 40 -- Malode Sharad .V
4. 44 -- Jaiswal Ashish .S

Guide H.O.D
Ms. D.Gadhe Mr.S.R.Navale

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 Undertaking
I declare that the work presented in this project titled “GPS
System”, Submitted to the computer engineering department.
Bareilly for the award of “Diploma in Electrical Engineering
Department” is my original work. I have not plagiarized or
submitted the same work for the award of any other diploma.
In case this undertaking is found incorrect, I accept that my diploma
may be unconditionally withdrawn.

Date:
Place:

Name of the students

1. Bilwal Siddhant .N
2. Namde Akash .K
3. Malode Sharad .V
4. Jaiswal Ashish .S

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 CERTIFICATE
Certified that the work contained in the project titled “GPS System”

Name of the students

1. Bilwal Siddhant .N
2. Namde Akash .K
3. Malode Sharad .V
4. Jaiswal Ashish .S

Has been carried out under my supervision and that this work has
not been submitted elsewhere for diploma.

Prof:Ms. D.Gadhe
Electrical Engineering Department
Government Polytechnic, Jalna

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 Index
Sr.No Content Page No
1. Introduction 13
2. How GPS Determines a Location 14
3. Structure of the GPS Navigation Data 17
4. Control Segment 17
5. GPS Applications in NRCS 18
6. Advantages of GPS 18
7. Disadvantages of GPS 18

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 Introduction

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation

system that consists of 24 orbiting satellites, each of which makes two
circuits around the Earth every 24 hours.

These satellites transmit three bits of information – the satellite's

number, its position in space, and the time the information is sent.

These signals are picked up by the GPS receiver, which uses this
information to calculate the distance between it and the GPS satellites.

With signals from three or more satellites, a GPS receiver can

triangulate its location on the ground (i.e., longitude and latitude) from
the known position of the satellites. With four or more satellites, a GPS
receiver can determine a 3D position (i.e., latitude, longitude, and
elevation).

In addition, a GPS receiver can provide data on your speed and

direction of travel.

Anyone with a GPS receiver can access the system. Because GPS
provides real-time, three-dimensional positioning, navigation, and
timing 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, all over the world, it is used in
numerous applications, including GIS data collection, surveying, and
mapping.

The satellites orbit and the earth is in a geosynchronous orbit, at an

altitude of 20.2 km, forming a constellation of satellites, so that at least 4
of them are visible from any point on the planet.

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The satellites transmit a high-frequency signal containing information
packets with precise time at which each is transmitted.

Receivers pick up the signal and use a system of trilateration to compute

the position, comparing the time difference between transmission and
reception of each packet, thereby calculating the distance to each
satellite.

As you move, the distance from the satellites changes, generating a

small difference in the time course, which is used to update the location.

The receiver gets signal from three satellites to calculate a position

(latitude, longitude and altitude) and the signal from 4 satellites is also
possible to calculate the altitude, providing the 3D view.

How GPS Determines a Location

In a nutshell, GPS is based on satellite ranging - calculating the
distances between the receiver and the position of 3 or more
satellites (4 or more if elevation is desired) and then applying
some good old mathematics. Assuming the positions of the
satellites are known, the location of the receiver can be
calculated by determining the distance from each of the satellites
to the receiver. GPS takes these 3 or more known references and
measured distances and "triangulates" an additional position.
As an example, assume that I have asked you to find me at a
stationary position based upon a few clues which I am willing to
give you. First, I tell you that I am exactly 10 miles away from
your house. You would know I am somewhere on the perimeter
of a sphere that has an origin as your house and a radius of 10
miles. With this information alone, you would have a difficult

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time to find me since there are an infinite number of locations on
the perimeter of that sphere.
Second, I tell you that I am also exactly 12 miles away from the
ABC Grocery Store. Now you can define a second sphere with
its origin at the store and a radius of 12 miles. You know that I
am located somewhere in the space where the perimeters of
these two spheres intersect - but there are still many possibilities
to define my location.
Adding additional spheres will further reduce the number of
possible locations. In fact, a third origin and distance (I tell you
am 8 miles away from the City Clock) narrows my position
down to just 2 points. By adding one more sphere, you can
pinpoint my exact location. Actually, the 4th sphere may not be
necessary. One of the possibilities may not make sense, and
therefore can be eliminated.
For example, if you know I am above sea level, you can reject a
point that has negative elevation. Mathematics and computers
allow us to determine the correct point with only 3 satellites.

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Based on this example, you can see that you need to know the
following information in order to compute your position:
A) What is the precise location of three or more known points
(GPS satellites)?
B) What is the distance between the known points and the
position of the GPS receiver?

Structure of the GPS Navigation Data

Structure of GPS navigation data (message) is shown in Fig. The
userhas to decode the data signal to get access to the
navigation data.
For on linenavigation purposes, the internal processor within
the receiver does thedecoding.
Most of the manufacturers of GPS receiver provide decoding
softwarefor post processing purposes.

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Control Segment
Control segment is the vital link in GPS technology. Main functions
ofthe control segment are:
Monitoring and controlling the satellite system continuously-Determine
GPS system time-Predict the satellite ephemeris and the behavior of
each satellite clock.-Update periodically the navigation message for each
particular satellite.
For continuos monitoring and controlling GPS satellites a master
controlstations (MCS), several monitor stations (MS) and ground
antennas (GA) arelocated around the world The operational control
segment (OCS)consists of MCS near Colorado springs (USA), three MS
and GA in KwajaleianAscension and Diego Garcia and two more MS at
Colorado Spring and Hawai

GPS Applications in NRCS

GPS allows the user to obtain, record and manipulate precise positions on
the face of the earth. This basic functionality can be used to accomplish the
core tasks listed in the previous screen.

Determining positions means that you obtain their geographic coordinates.

Lengths and areas can be measured if end points of a line or the corners of
a field are obtained with a GPS.If you know the coordinates of your
destination, then the GPS can show you the distance and direction to that
point.

GPS position measurement relies on very precise time measurement.

Because of that, the general GPS user can tell time with near atomic clock
accuracy

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Advantages of GPS

 GPS is extremely easy to navigate as it tells you to the direction for

each turns you take or you have to take to reach to your
destination.
 GPS works in all weather so you need not to worry of the climate
as in other navigating devices.
 The GPS costs you very low in comparison other navigation
systems.
 The most attractive feature of this system is its100% coverage on
the planet.
 It also helps you to search the nearby restaurants, hotels and gas
stations and is very useful for a new place.
 Due to its low cost, it is very easy to integrate into other
technologies like cell phone.
 The system is updated regularly by the US government and hence
is very advance.
 This is the best navigating system in water as in larger water
bodies we are often misled due to lack of proper directions

Disadvantages of GPS

 Sometimes the GPS may fail due to certain reasons and in that case
you need to carry a backup map and directions.
 If you are using GPS on a battery operated device, there may be a
battery failure and you may need a external power supply which is
not always possible.
 Sometimes the GPS signals are not accurate due to some obstacles
to the signals such as buildings, trees and sometimes by extreme
atmospheric conditions such as geomagnetic storms

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