LINUX Short cuts

Common Linux commands--system info

 pwd
Print working directory, i.e., display the name of my current directory on the screen.

 hostname
Print the name of the local host (the machine on which you are working). Use netconf (as root)
to change the name of the machine.

 whoami
Print my login name.

 id username
Print user id (uid) and his/her group id (gid), effective id (if different than the real id) and the
supplementary groups.

 date
Print or change the operating system date and time

 time
Determine the amount of time that it takes for a process to complete + other info.

 who
Determine the users logged on the machine.

 rwho -a
(=remote who) Determine all users logged on your network. The rwho service must be enabled
for this command to run. If it isn't, run setup as root to enable "rwho".

 finger user_name
System info about a user. Try: finger root

 last
Show listing of users last logged-in on your system.

 uptime
Show the amount of time since the last reboot.

 ps
(=print status) List the processes currently run by the current user.

 ps axu | more
List all the processes currently running, even those without the controlling terminal, together
with the name of the user that owns each process.

 top
Keep listing the currently running processes, sorted by cpu usage (top users first). In KDE, you
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 can get GUI-based Ktop from "K"menu under "System"-"Task Manager" (or by executing "ktop"
in an X-terminal).

 uname -a
(= Unix name with option "all") Info on your (local) server. I can also use guname (in X-window
terminal) to display the info more nicely.

 free
Memory info (in kilobytes).

 ls
List the content of the current directory.

 cd directory
Change directory.

 cp source destination e.g.

 cp -r my_existing/dir/ ~  will copy a subdirectory under my current working directory to my

home directory.

 mv source destination
Move or rename files.

 rm files
Remove (delete) files

 mkdir directory
Make a new directory.

 rmdir directory
Remove an empty directory.

 rm -r files
(recursive remove) Remove files, directories, and their subdirectories

Accessing drives/partitions

 mount
See here for details on mounting drives.  Examples are shown in the next commands.

 mount -t auto /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy

(as root) Mount the floppy. The directory /mnt/floppy must exist, be empty and NOT be your
current directory.

 mount -t auto /dev/ cdrom /mnt/ cdrom

(as root) Mount the CD.

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  mount /mnt/cdrom
(as user or root) Mount a CD as user.

 umount /mnt/floppy
Unmount the floppy

 Close any application =>Alt+f4.

 Minimize any application =>Alt+f9.

 Maximize any application =>Alt+tab.

 Resize =>Alt+f8.

 Move =>Alt+f7.

Command line – history

 history
When you type the history command, you'll see a list of the commands you executed previously.

 ArrowUp or Ctrl + p
Scroll up in the history and edit the previously executed commands. To execute them, press
Enter like you normally do.

 ArrowDown or Ctrl + n
Scroll down in the history and edit the next commands.

 Ctrl + r
Find the last command that contained the letters you're typing. For example, if you want to find
out the last action you did to a file called "file42.txt", you'll press Ctrl + r and start typing the file
name. Or, if you want to find out the last parameters you gave to the "cp" command, you'll
press Ctrl + r and type in "cp".

Linux essential shortcuts and sanity commands

 <Ctrl><Alt><F1>
Switch to the first text terminal.

 <Ctrl><Alt><Fn> (n=1..6)
Switch to the nth text terminal.

 tty
Print the name of the terminal in which you are typing this command.

 <Ctrl><Alt><F7>
Switch to the first GUI terminal (if X-windows is running on this terminal).

  <Ctrl><Alt><Fn> (n=7..12)
Switch to the nth GUI terminal
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  <Ctrl><Alt><Del>
Shut down the system and reboot. This is the normal shutdown command for a user at the text-
mode console. Don't just press the "reset" button for shutdown!

 <Ctrl>c
Kill the current process (mostly in the text mode for small applications).

 <Ctrl>d
Log out from the current terminal.  See also the next command.

 <Ctrl>d
Send [End-of-File] to the current process. Don't press it twice else you also log out (see the
previous command).

 <Ctrl>s
Stop the transfer to the terminal.

 <Ctrl>q
Resume the transfer to the terminal. Try if your terminal mysteriously stops responding.

 <Ctrl>z
Send the current process to the background.

OpenOffice.org Writer

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Windows XP

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Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts

Windows system key combinations

F1: Help
CTRL+ESC: Open Start menu
ALT+TAB: Switch between open programs
ALT+F4: Quit program
SHIFT+DELETE: Delete item permanently
Windows Logo+L: Lock the computer (without using
CTRL+ALT+DELETE)

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Mouse click/keyboard modifier combinations for shell objects
SHIFT+right click: Displays a shortcut menu containing
alternative commands
SHIFT+double click: Runs the alternate default command (the
second item on the menu)
ALT+double click: Displays properties
SHIFT+DELETE: Deletes an item immediately without placing it in
the Recycle Bin

General folder/shortcut control

F4: Selects the Go To A Different Folder box and moves down the
entries in the box (if the toolbar is active in Windows Explorer)
F5: Refreshes the current window.
F6: Moves among panes in Windows Explorer
CTRL+G: Opens the Go To Folder tool (in Windows 95 Windows
Explorer only)
CTRL+Z: Undo the last command
CTRL+A: Select all the items in the current window
BACKSPACE: Switch to the parent folder
SHIFT+click+Close button: For folders, close the current folder plus all
parent folders

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 Microsoft Natural Keyboard with IntelliType software
installed
Windows Logo+L: Log off Windows
Windows Logo+P: Starts Print Manager
Windows Logo+C: Opens Control Panel
Windows Logo+V: Starts Clipboard
Windows Logo+K: Opens Keyboard Properties dialog box
Windows Logo+I: Opens Mouse Properties dialog box
Windows Logo+A: Starts Accessibility Options (if installed)
Windows Logo+SPACEBAR: Displays the list of Microsoft
IntelliType shortcut keys
Windows Logo+S: Toggles CAPS LOCK on and off
SHORCUT KEYS FOR MICROSOFT OFFICE

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