PANJAB UNIVERSITY, CHANDIGARH-160014 (INDIA)

(Estd. under the Panjab University Act VII of 1947—enacted by the Govt. of India)

SYLLABI

FOR

B.A. & B.Sc. (GENERAL) FIRST YEAR

(SEMESTER SYSTEM)
EXAMINATIONS, 2014-2015

(SEMESTER : FIRST AND SECOND)

i.e

First Semester : November/December, 2014

Second Semester : April/May, 2015

--:⋇:--

© The Registrar, Panjab University, Chandigarh.

All Rights Reserved.
Sr. No. Particulars Page No.

1. Structural Outline (i)

2. English (Compulsory) (for B.A. candidates) 1
3. Panjabi (Compulsory) (for B.A. and B.Sc. candidates) 3
4. History and Culture of Punjab (for B.A. and B.Sc. candidates) 13
5. Environment and Road Safety Education 18
6. English (Elective) 22
7. Hindi (Elective) 24
8. Panjabi (Elective) 33
9. Sanskrit (Elective) 36
10. Urdu (Elective) 40
11. Persian (Elective) 41
12. Arabic (Elective) 43
13. French (Elective) 44
14. German (Elective) 46
15. Russian (Elective) 48
16. Bengali (Elective) 50
17. Tamil (Elective) 50
18. Telugu (Elective) 50
19. Kannada (Elective) 50
20. Malayalam (Elective) 50
21. Physical Education 51
22. Education 59
23. Adult Education 63
24. Music (Vocal) 67
25. Music (Instrumental ) 73
26. Tabla (Instrumental) 79
27. Indian Classical Dance 85
28. Fine Arts 87
29. History of Art 93
30. Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology 97
31. Defence and Strategic Studies 101
32. History 107
33. Political Science 111
34. Economics 115
35. Sociology 119
36. Public Administration 123
37. Philosophy 128
38. Psychology 132
39. Geography 136
40. Gandhian Studies 146
41. Journalism & Mass Communication. 150
42. Police Administration 154
43. Women’s Studies 158
44. Human Rights and Duties 163
45. Home Science 167
46. Agriculture 173
747. Environment Conservation 177
48. Mathematics 181
49. Computer Science 187
50. Statistics 191
51. Applied Statistics 196
52. Physics 199
53. Chemistry 210
54. Botany 225
55. Zoology 233
56. Bio-Chemistry 244
57. Introduction to Computer Science 252
58. Microbiology 256
59. Electronics 263
 SCHEME FOR OPTING SUBJECTS
B.A./B.Sc. (GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM)
EXAMINATION, 2014-2015

B.A. (General) 1st Year ( Semester System) study programme consists of three compulsory
subjects and three elective subjects :
Compulsory subjects :

(a) Punjabi
OR
History & Culture of Punjab
(b) English

(c) Environment and Road Safety***

Elective Subjects : A student is required to take up 3 elective subjects in all, selecting not more than
one subject from any of the following sets of combinations. :

1. English, Hindi, Punjabi, ** Bengali, Urdu, Persian, ** Tamil, French,** Arabic, Russian, German,
** Kannada, ** Malayalam, ** Telugu.
2. Economics, Defence & Strategic Studies, Fine Arts, Education, Adult Education, History of Art.
3. History, Mathematics.
4. Public Administration, Home Science, Gandhian Studies, Philosophy.
5. Political Science, * Statistics, Applied Statistics; Indian Classical Dance, Human Rights and Duties.
6. Sanskrit, Physical Education, Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology, Psychology,
Geography.
7. Computer Science, Agriculture, Sociology.
8. Music (Instrumental), Women’s Studies, Music (Tabla), Environment Conservation.
9. Music (Vocal), Police Administration, Journalism & Mass Communication.

Note : The students can opt. only two elective subjects from the following :
Music (Instrumental), Music (Vocal), Music (Tabla) and Indian Classical Dance.

* Statistics can be opted only with Mathematics

** The Syllabus of Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Arabic & Bengali Languages are kept in abeyance
*** This is a compulsory qualifying paper, which the students have to study in the B.A./B.Sc. 1st year (2nd Semester).
If the student/s failed to qualify the paper during the 2nd Semester, he/she/they be allowed to appear/qualify the
same in the 4th or 6th Semester/s.

(i)
 10. ** Elective Vocational Subject (one of the following) : Pre-requisite subject at +2 level

1. Mass Communication –Video Production Any

2. Functional English English

3. Advertising, Sales Promotion & Sales Management Any

4. Foreign Trade, Practices and Procedures Preferably with Economics

or Commerce

5. Office Management & Secretarial Practice Any

6. Computer Applications Preferably Computer

7. Functional Hindi Hindi

8. Tax Procedures & Practices Accountancy/Business

Studies

9. Principles and Practice of Insurance Any

10. Information Technology Any

11. Fashion Designing Any

12. Early Childhood Care & Education Any

**A student who opts for Computer Science as an Elective subject shall not take up Computer
Applications/Information Technology as Elective Vocational subject and vice-versa.

(ii)
 FOR B.SC. (GENERAL) CANDIDATES :
(Besides the compulsory subject, a student shall offer any three elective subjects)
A Elective Vocational Subject Other Two Elective Subjects Pre-requisite subjects
at +2 level
1. Clinical Nutrition Dietetics Chemistry, Physics & Botany PCB*
2. Bio-Technology Chemistry, Botany or Zoology PCB
3. Seed Technology Botany, Chemistry PCB
4. Industrial Fish & Fishery Zoology, Chemistry PCB
5. Instrumentation Physics, Mathematics PCM
6. Mass Communication Video Production Any two Science Subjects Any
7. Electronic Equipment Maintenance Physics, Chemistry/Maths. PCM
8. Computer Applications Any two Science Subjects Preferably Computer
9. Industrial Chemistry Chem., Maths./Botany/Zoology PCM/B
10. Industrial Microbiology Chemistry and Botany or Zoology PCB
11. Food Science & Quality Control Chemistry and Botany/Zoology PCB
12. Information Technology Any Any

13. Bioinformatics, **Botany/Zoology*** and any one of the following : PCM/PCB

Mathematics/Physics/Chemistry/Computer Science

14. Biotechnology, **Botany/Zoology*** and any one of the following : PCM/PCB

Mathematics/Physics/Chemistry/Computer Science

15. Electronics : Physics + Electronics +Mathematics : PCM

OR
Chemistry + Electronics + Computer Science

16. 1. Agriculture, Botany & Zoology : PCB

2. Agriculture, Biotechnology, Botany/Zoology : PCB
3. Agriculture, Microbiology, Chemistry/Botany/Zoology : PCB
4. Agriculture, Chemistry, Physics/Botany/Zoology : PCB

* P stands for Physics, C stands for Chemistry, B for Biology and M for Mathematics.
** B for Botany.
*** Z for Zoology

(iii)

------------------
Guidelines for continuous internal assessment (10%) for regular students of Under-Graduate
courses (semester system):

Criteria for Internal Assessment:

(i) Class test = 5%

(ii) Academic Activities = 3%
(Seminar, Project, Assignment)
(iii) Attendance = 2%

For private candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for internal assessment, the marks
secured by them in theory paper will be proportionately be increased to maximum marks of
the paper in lieu of internal assessment.

(iv)
 PANJAB UNIVERSITY, CHANDIGARH
OUTLINES OF TESTS, SYLLABI AND COURSES OF READING IN VARIOUS SUBJECTS FOR
B.A./B.Sc. (GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) i.e. FIRST SEMESTER
NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2014 AND SECOND SEMESTER APRIL/MAY 2015, EXAMINATIONS.

ENGLISH (Compulsory)

SEMESTER – I
Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours

Text Prescribed :
English at Work (Selection from Poetry & Prose), Eds., T. Vijay Kumar, B. T. Seetha, A. V. Suresh Kumar,
Y. L. Srinivas, New Delhi: Macmillan India Ltd. 2012, revised edition.
Poems = 1-4
Prose Chapters = 1-4

Section-A

Q.1. Reference to the Context from Poetry and Prose. Two out of four passages to be 10+10=20 marks
attempted. One each from Poetry and Prose.

Q. 2. Questions from poetry in not more than 50-60 words. Four out of six to be attempted. 21/2x4=10 marks

Q.3 Essay type question from Prose in not more than100-120 words. Three out of four to be
attempted. 5 x 3=15 marks

Section B

Q.4. Paragraph Writing (Descriptive and Narrative) One out of three to be attempted 10 marks

Q.5. Comprehension of passage from Prose text 10 marks

Q.6 Grammar - Voice, Determiners, Modals, Antonyms 5 x 4=20 marks

Q.7. Translation from Vernacular to English. Five out of Eight sentences (only tense based) 5 marks

OR

For foreign students Paragraph Writing on Proverbs in not more than 100 words.
2 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM ) SYLLABUS

ENGLISH (Compulsory)
SEMESTER – II

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours

Text Prescribed :
English at Work (Selection from Poetry & Prose), Eds., T. Vijay Kumar, B. T. Seetha, A. V. Suresh Kumar,
Y. L. Srinivas, New Delhi: Macmillan India Ltd. 2012 revised edition.
Poems = 5-8
Prose Chapters = 5-8

Section-A

Q.1. Reference to the Context from Poetry and Prose. Two out of four passages to be 10+10=20 marks
attempted. One each from Poetry and Prose.

Q. 2. Questions from poetry in not more than 50-60 words. Four out of six to be attempted. 21/2x4=10 marks

Q.3 Essay type question from Prose in not more than100-120 words. Three out of four to 5 x 3=15 marks
be attempted.

Section B

Q.4. Letter Writing (Personal only) 10 marks

Q.5. Grammar : Narration, Preposition, Conjunctions, Synonyms 5 x 4=20 marks

Q.6 Comprehension of Unseen Passage 10 marks

Q.7. Translation from Hindi to English. Five out of Eight sentences 5 marks
(only idiom based)

OR

For foreign students Paragraph Writing on Proverbs in not more than 100 words.

-----------------------------
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 3

gz i kph (bk˜wh)
;w? ;No gfjbk

e[Zb nzeL 100

fbyshL 90
fJzNoBb n;?;w?ANL 10
;wKL3 xzN/
gkmeqw

1. nkX[fBe gzikph eftsk dk nfXn?B 10 nze

2. gzikph ejkDhnK dk nfXn?B 10 nze
3. ;t?-ihtBh dk nfXn?B 10 nze
4. T[go'es fszBK g[[;seK d/ nkXko T[Zs/ bx{ T[[ZsoK tkb/ gqÙB 20 nze
5. b/y ouBk 20 nze
6. ;zy/g ouBk$ft;okw fuzBQ 10 nze
7. gqpzXeh Ùpdktbh 10 nze

e'o ;
1. ekft-
ekft -;[w/b , (;zgkde) vka eowihs f;zx, gpbhe/ÙB fpT{o', gzikp :{Bhtof;Nh, uzvhrVQ
(fJe s'A S/ sZe eth)
2. eEk ejkDh,
ejkDh (;zgkde) vka XBtzs e"o, gpbhe/ÙB fpT{o', gzikp :{Bhtof;Nh, uzvhrVQ
(fJe s'A S/ sZe ejkDhnK)
3. rbhJ/ fuZeV[ d{ fo xo[, tDikok p/dh, e;s{oh bkb n?Av ;zB˜, nzfwqs;o
(fJe s'A S/ nfXnkfJ sZe)
4. 1, 2 ns/ 3 g[;seK d/ gkm-eqw s/ nkXkos bx{ T[ZsoK tkb/ gqÙB

:{fBN ns/ Ehw

1. ekft ;zrqfj ftu'A gq;zr ;fjs ftnkfynk (d' ftu'A fJe) 10 nze
2. ejkDh-;zrqfj ftu'A fe;/ fJe ejkDh dk ;ko (d' ftu'A fJe) 10 nze
3. ;t?-ihtBh g[;se ftu'A fe;/ fJe xNBk/eKv dk ;ko (d' ftu'A fJe) 10 nze
4. ekft-;zrqfj, ejkDh-;zrqfj s/ ;t?-ihtBh ftu'A bx{ gqÙBK d/ T[Zso (15 ftu'A 10 x 2 = 20 nze
10 gqÙB, T[Zso e/tb fJe ;so ftu)
5. b/y ouBk (500 ÙpdK ftu) GkÙk, gzikph ;fGnkuko s/ ihtB doÙB Bkb 20 nze
;zpzXs (uko ftfÙnK ftZu'A fe;/ fJe ftÙ/ pko/)
6. ;zy/g ouBk 10 nze
7. gqpzXeh Ùpdktbh (12 ftu'A fe;/ 10 ÙpdK dk gzikph o{g) 10 nze
Ùpd ;{uh Bkb BZEh j?
 4 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

;jkfJe g[;seKL
1H joehos f;zx (vkH), ekbi gzikph ftnkeoB,
ftnkeoB gzikp ;N/N :{Bhtof;Nh N?e;N p[Ze p'ov, uzvhrVQ
2H ;[yftzdo f;zx ;zxk (vkH), gzikph GkÙk ftfrnkB,
ftfrnkB gzikph GkÙk nekdwh, ibzXo, 1997H
3H iZ;b etbihs, gzi kph ftnkeoB d/ e[M gZy, gZy oth ;kfjs gqekÙB, jkb pk˜ko, nzfwqs;o, 2012H
4H gzikph ;zuko
u ko :'r sk nfGnk;,
nfGnk; gzikp ;N/N :{Bhtof;Nh N?e;N p[Ze p'ov, uzvhrVQ.
5H pokV, p{Nk f;zx (vkH), gzi kph ftnkeoB, f;XKs ns/ ftjko,
ftjko u/sBk gqekÙB b[fXnkDk, 2008H
6H Xkbhtkb, gq/w gqekÙ f;zx (vkH), f;XKse GkÙk ftfrnkB,
ftfrnkB wdkB gpfbe/ÙB˜, gfNnkbk, 2002H
7H nrBhj'soh, t/d, gfoukfJe GkÙk ftfrnkB,
ftfrnkB dhge gpfbÙo˜, ibzXo, 1981H
B'NL 1H N?e;N bJh j¯s/ d/ S/ ghohnv.
2H ezg'ihÙB bJh 25-30 ftfdnkoEhnK dk ro[Zg ns/ j¯s/ d/ fszB j'o ghohnv.
3H j¯s/ d/ 6O3&9 ghohnv.

1. Ability :'rsk
2. Absolute g{oB
3. Access gj[zu
4. Accountable T[sodkJh, itkpd/j
5. Accuracy do[;sh
6. Acknowledgement gj[zu o;hd
7. Action ekotkJh
8. Adhoc sd-noE
9. Administration gqÙk;B
10. Affidavit jb¯hnk fpnkB
11. Allowance GZsk
12. Amended draft ;'fXnk yoVk
13. Amount due pDdh oew
14. Answerable T[ZsodkJh
15. Appropriate T[fus
16. Attestation s;dhe
17. Auction fBbkwh
18. Book of reference jtkbk g[;se
19. Bright prospect T[æib GftZy
20. Broad details w'Nk t/otk
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 5

21. Calculation rDBk

22. Capability fbnkes
23. Catalogue ;{uh-gZso
24. Ceremonial o;wh
25. Certify s;dhe eoBk
26. Circular rÙsh gZso
27. Claim dkntk
28. Classified Ùq/Dhfeqs
29. Collaboration ;fj:'r
30. Confidential r[gs
31. Consent o˜kwzdh
32. Consumption ıgs
33. Context gq;zr
34. Cordially ;[fjodsk ;fjs
35. Correspondence gZso-ftjko
36. Daily diary o'˜Bkwuk
37. Decode r[gs-fbgh gVQBk
38. Delay regretted d/oh bJh y/d j?
39. Dependence fBoGosk
40. Determination gZek fJokdk
41. Development ftek;
42. Digit nze, fjzd;k
43. Difference of opinion ws-G/d
44. Disaster nk¯s, fpgsk
45. Discrepancy ¯oe, n;zrsh
46. Duly attested :Ek:'r s;dhfenk
47. Earliest possible S/sh s'A S/sh
48. Easy terms nk;kB ÙosK
49. Edit ;zzgkdB eoBk
50. Editorial section ;zgkdeh Gkr
 6 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

51. Embezzlement ˆpB

52. Eminence gqf;ZXh, ;q/Ùmsk, wjkBsk
53. Employment exchange o''˜rko e/Ado
54. Enable :'r pDkT[Dk
55. Enclosure ;fjgZso, BZEh
56. Endorse fgZm-nzeD eoBk
57. Enrolment dkıbk, fJzdoki
58. Ensure fBÙus eoBk
59. Entrance gqt/Ù, dkıbk
60. Evaluation w[Zb-nzeD
61. Evidence rtkjh, ;p{s
62. Exceptional case n;kXkoD wkwbk
63. Executive ekoigkbek
64. Exemption S'N, wk¯h
65. False claim M{mk dkntk
66. Familiar ikD{, ikfDnk gSkfDnk
67. Fantastic ekbgfBe
68. Figures nzeV/
69. Final decision nzfsw ¯?;bk
70. Flexibility ˇue
71. Float ukb{ eoBk
72. Force pb, Ùesh
73. Formal o;wh
74. Formal sanction o;wh wB˜{oh
75. Founder pkBh
76. Frame work YKuk, u"yNk
77. Generate g?dk eoBk
78. Genuine n;bh, tk;sfte
79. Glossary Ùpdktbh
80. Gradation doikpzdh
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 7

81. Hand over ;"AgDk

82. Impartial fBogZy
83. Implementation nwb ftu fbnkT[Dk
84. Impossible n;zGt, Bkw[wfeB
85. Impression Skg, fBÙkBh
86. Impure nÙ[ZX, ngftZso
87. In advance nrkT{A, gfjbK jh
88. Inauguration T[dxkNB
89. In case of dh ;{os ftu
90. Incentive T[sÙkj, gq/oDk
91. Incident xNBk
92. Inclusion Ùw{bhns
93. Income tax nkwdB eo
94. Incompetent n;woZE, n:'r
95. Incomplete nX{ok, ng{oD
96. Inconvenience y/ub, n;[ftXk
97. Incordination skbw/b jhDsk, ftywsk
98. Incorporate Ùkwb eoBk
99. Index ;{ue-nze
100. Indian administrative Gkosh gqÙk;B ;/tk
101. Indication fJÙkok, ;ze/s
102. Indicator ;{ue
103. Indirectly nf;ZX/ Yzr Bkb
104. Indiscipline nB[Ùk;BjhBsk
105. Individually ftneshrs
106. Ineffective gqGktjhB, p/n;o
107. Inflation w[dok-¯?bkU
108. Influence gqGkt, n;o
109. Inform ;{uBk d/Dh
110. Informal ˆ?o-o;wh
 8 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

111. Information ;{uBk, ikDekoh

112. Innovation BthBsk
113. Innocent fBod'Ù, wk;{w
114. Insecure nD-;[oZfyns
115. Inscripition fÙbkb/y
116. Insignia fuzBQ
117. Insist ˆ'o d/Dk, nVBk
118. Inspection fBohyD
119. Instability n;fEosk
120. Instinct gqftosh, fposh
121. Institute ;z;Ek
122. Instruct jdkfJs eoBk
123. Insurance phwk
124. Insurance premium phwk feÙs
125. Isolate tZy eoBk, nbZr eoBk
126. Joint director ;z:[es vkfJo?eNo
127. Judicial ndkbsh, fBnKfJe
128. Judgement ¯?;bk, fBoDk
129. Knowledge frnkB, ikDekoh
130. Laboratory gq:'rÙkbk
131. Land tax G"A-eo
132. Land mark ;hwk-fuzBQ
133. Language department GkÙk ftGkr
134. Lawful ek˘B nB[;ko
135. Lay out ıkek
136. Leave allowance S[ZNh GZsk
137. Ledger ıksk tjh
138. Ledger folio ıksk gzBk
139. Legal aid ek˘Bh ;jkfJsk
140. Legal document ek˘Bh d;skt/˜
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 9

141. Legal interpretation ek˘Bh ftnkfynk

142. Length of service ;/tk ekb
143. Letter of acceptance gqtkBrh gZso
144. Lexicography e'Ù ftfrnkB
145. Liberal T[dko, y[bQfdbk
146. Library science g[;se ftfrnkB
147. Long term bzwh fwnkd dk
148. Lower court j/mbh ndkbs
149. Mail transfer vke spkdbk
150. Lowest rate xZN' xZN do
151. Mandatory skehdh j[ew ;zpzXh
152. Manpower iB-Ùesh
153. Manual work d;sh ezw
154. Manufacture fBowkD eoBk
155. Manuscript jZE-fbys
156. Marginal xZN s'A xZN
157. Marked nzfes, fuAfBQs
158. Matter of controversy fttkd g{oD wkwbk
159. Medical aid vkeNoh GZsk
160. Memory test :kd-Ùesh
161. Mentality wkBf;e, fdwkrh
162. Mentioned tofDs
163. Miscellaneous ¯[Neb
164. Misprint SgkJh dh G[Zb
165. Mobile library ubdh fcodh bkfJpo/oh
166. Moderation ;zs[bB, fB:zsoD
167. Morality B?fsesk, fJıbke
168. Necessary action b'VhAdh ekotkJh
169. Negotiation ;wM"s/ dh rZbpks
170. Net income fBo'b nkwdB
 10 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

171. Nomination Bkw˜kdrh

172. Norm wkgdzv, gqfswkB
173. Non transferable Bk pdbD:'r
174. Not competent ;woZE BjhA
175. Notified nfX;{fus
176. Oblige nfj;kB eoBk, XzBtkdh pDkT[Dk
177. Occasional ed/ edkJhA
178. Office bearer nj[d/dko
179. On probation niwkfJÙ nXhB
180. Opportunist w"ekgq;s
181. Ordinary ;kXkoB
182. Original w"fbe
183. Penalty dzv
184. Pending case o[e/ j'J/ wkwb/
185. Performance gqdoÙB
186. Permit fJik˜s d/Dk, nkfrnk d/Dk
187. Postal charges vke ıou
188. Proposal sith˜, gq;skt
189. Public authority ;oekoh nfXekoh
190. Qualified :'rsk gqkgs
191. Quantity fwedko, wksok
192. Recognised wkBsk gqkgs
193. Reconsider g[Bo ftuko
194. Relief fund ;jkfJsk ¯zv
195. Sanction wB˜{oh
196. Service benefits ;/tk bkG
197. Transcript T[skok
198. Visitor book w[bkesh ofi;No
199. With consent o˜kwzdh Bkb
200. Withdrawal tkg; b?Dk
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 11

gz i kph (bk˜wh)
;w? ;No d{ i k

e[Zb nzeL 100

fbyshL 90
fJzNoBb
n;?;w?ANL 10
;wKL3 xzN/
gkmeqw

1. nkX[fBe gzikph eftsk dk nfXn?B 10 nze

2. gzikph ejkDhnK dk nfXn?B 10 nze
3. ;t?-ihtBh dk nfXn?B 10nze
4. T[go'es fszBK g[[;seK d/ nkXko T[Zs/ bx{ T[[ZsoK tkb/ gqÙB 20 nze
5. ;{uBk fjs B'fN; 12 nze
6. ftnkeoB L f;XKs s/ ftjko 20 nze
7. w[jkto/ 8nze
e'o ;

1. ekft-
ekft -;[w/b , (;zgkde) vka eowihs f;zx, gpbhe/ÙB fpT{o', gzikp :{Bhtof;Nh, uzvhrVQ
(;Zs s'A pkoK sZe eth )
2. eEk ejkDh,
ejkDh (;zgkde) vka XBtzs e"o, gpbhe/ÙB fpT{o', gzikp :{Bhtof;Nh, uzvhrVQ
(;Zs s'A pkoK sZe ejkDhnK)
3. rbhJ/ fuZeV[ d{ fo xo[, tDikok p/dh, e;s{oh bkb n?Av ;zB˜, nzfwqs;o
(7 s'A 12 nfXnkfJ sZe)
4. 1, 2 ns/ 3 g[;seK d/ gkm-eqw s/ nkXkos bx{ T[ZsoK tkb/ gqÙB

:{fBN ns/ Ehw

1. ekft ;zrqfj ftu'A gq;zr ;fjs ftnkfynk (d' ftu'A fJe) 10 nze
2. ejkDh-;zrqfj ftu'A fe;/ fJe ejkDh dk ;ko (d' ftu'A fJe) 10 nze
3. ;t?-ihtBh g[;se ftu'A fe;/ fJe xNBk/eKv dk ;ko (d' ftu'A fJe) 10 nze
4. ekft-;zrqfj, ejkDh-;zrqfj s/ ;t?-ihtBh ftu'A bx{ gqÙBK d/ T[Zso (15 ftu'A 10 gqÙB, 10 % 2 & 20
T[Zso e/tb fJe ;so ftu) nze
5. ;{uBk fjs B'fN; fbyDk (;kfjse, ;fGnkukoe ns/ y/v y/so Bkb ;zpzXs) 12 nze
6. (i) X[Bh L X[Bh dh gfoGkÙk, yzvh s/ nyzvh X[BhnK (;zy/g ikD gSkD) gzikph ;to 12 nze
X[BhnK s/ ftnziB X[BhnKL gfoGkÙk s/ torheoB
(d' ftu'A fJe gqÙB jZb eoBk j?)
(ii) ftjkoe gqÙB 8 nze
B'N L g/go ;?No tb'A ftjkoe gqÙB f;o¯ gzikph ;to X[BhnK s/ ftnziB X[BhnK d/
nkXko s/ jh g[ZS/ ikD. (uko ftu'A d' gqÙB jZb eoB/ jB)
7. w[jkto/L noE d; e/ tke pDkT[D/ ( S/ ftu'A e'Jh uko eoB/ ) 4%2&8 nze
12 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

;jkfJe g[;seKL

1H joehos f;zx (vkH), ekbi gzikph ftnkeoB,

ftnkeoB gzikp ;N/N :{Bhtof;Nh N?e;N p[Ze p'ov, uzvhrVQ
2H ;[yftzdo f;zx ;zxk (vkH), gzikph GkÙk ftfrnkB,
ftfrnkB gzikph GkÙk nekdwh, ibzXo , 1997H
3H iZ;b etbihs, gzi kph ftnkeoB d/ e[M gZy, gZy oth ;kfjs gqekÙB, jkb pk˜ko, nzfwqs;o, 2012H
4H gzikph ;zu ko :'r sk nfGnk;,
nfGnk; gzikp ;N/N :{Bhtof;Nh N?e;N p[Ze p'ov, uzvhrVQ.
5H pokV, p{Nk f;zx (vkH), gzi kph ftnkeoB, f;XKs ns/ ftjko,
ftjko u/sBk gqekÙB b[fXnkDk, 2008H
6H Xkbhtkb, gq/w gqekÙ f;zx (vkH), f;XKse GkÙk ftfrnkB,
ftfrnkB wdkB gpfbe/ÙB˜, gfNnkbk, 2002H
7H nrBhj'soh, t/d, gfoukfJe GkÙk ftfrnkB,
ftfrnkB dhge gpfbÙo˜, ibzXo, 1981H
B'NL 1H N?e;N bJh j¯s/ d/ S/ ghohnv.
2H ezg'ihÙB bJh 25-30 ftfdnkoEhnK dk ro[Zg ns/ j¯s/ d/ fszB j'o ghohnv.
3H j¯s/ d/ 6O3&9 ghohnv.

……………………
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 13

HISTORY AND CULTURE OF PUNJAB

SEMESTER - I

Paper : HISTORY AND CULTURE OF PUNJAB FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO

PREMAURYAN PERIOD
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND CANDIDATES: (For Papers in Semester I & II)
1. The syllabus has been divided into four Units.
There shall be 9 questions in all. The first question is compulsory and shall be short answer type
containing 15 short questions spread over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25 to 30 words
each. The candidates are required to attempt any 9 short answer type questions carrying 18 marks
i.e. 2 marks of each. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 Units. Each Unit shall have two essay type
questions and the candidate shall be given internal choice of attempting one question from each
Unit–4 in all. Each question will carry 18 marks.
2. For private candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for internal assessment, the marks
secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be increased to maximum marks of the paper
in lieu of internal assessment.
The paper-setter must put note (2) in the question paper.
3. One question from Unit IV shall be set on the map.

Explanation :
1. Each essay type question would cover about one-third or one-half of a topic detailed in the syllabus.
2. The distribution of marks for the map question would be as under :
Map : 10 marks
Explanatory Note : 08 marks
In case a paper setter chooses to set a question of map on important historical places, the paper setter
will be required to ask the students to mark 5 places on map of 2 marks each and write explanatory
note on any four of 2 marks each.
3. The paper-setter would avoid repetition between different types of questions within one question
paper.

Paper I:

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours

Objectives : To introduce the students to the history of Punjab region in early times.

Pedagogy : Lectures, library work and discussions.

14 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Unit-I

I. Ancient Punjab : Physical features; impact on history.

II. Historical Sources : Literary; archaeological.
III. Harappan Culture : Extent and town planning.

Unit-II
IV. Harappan Culture : Social, Economic and Religious life; causes of disappearance.
V. Rig Vedic Age : The rise of Indo Aryans; main features of life in the early Vedic Age.
VI. Later Vedic Age : Political, Social, Economic and Religious life of later Vedic Aryans.

Unit-III

VII. Caste System : Origin and evolution.

VIII. The Epics : Historical importance of Ramayan and Mahabharat.
IX. Political Condition on eve of Alexander’s invasion.

Unit-IV

X. Impact of Alexander’s invasion on social and cultural life.

XI. Position of women : Harappan, early Vedic and later Vedic Age.
XII. Important Historical places of Punjab : Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Kotla Nihang Khan, Sanghol,
Banawali, Taxila, Indraprastha, Hastinapur, Kurukshetra, Srinagar, Purusapura, Sakala.

Suggested Readings :
1. Joshi, L.M. (ed.) : History and Culture of the Punjab, Part I, Publication Bureau,
Punjabi University, Patiala, 1989 (3rd edn.)
2. Joshi, L.M. and Singh, Fauja : History and Culture of the Punjab, Vol. I, Punjabi University,
(ed.) Patiala, 1977.
3. Prakash, Buddha : Glimpses of Ancient Punjab, P.U., Patiala, 1983.
4. Thapar, Romila : A History of India, Vol. I, Penguin Books, 1966.
5. Basham, A.L. : The Wonder That was India, Rupa Books, Calcutta (18th rep.),
1992.
6. Sharma, B.N. : Life in Northern India, Munshiram Manohar Lal, Delhi, 1966.

Note : The following categories of the students shall be entitled to take option of History & Culture of
Punjab in lieu of Punjabi as compulsory subject :
(a) That the students have not studied Punjabi upto class 10th.
(b) Ward of/and Defence Personnel and Central Government Employee/Employees who are
transferable on all India basis.
(c) Foreigners.
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 15

HISTORY AND CULTURE OF PUNJAB

SEMESTER - II

Paper : HISTORY AND CULTURE OF PUNJAB FROM MAURYAN TIMES TO 1200 A.D.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND CANDIDATES: (For Papers in Semester I & II)

1. The syllabus has been divided into four Units.

There shall be 9 questions in all. The first question is compulsory and shall be short answer type
containing 15 short questions spread over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25 to 30 words
each. The candidates are required to attempt any 9 short answer type questions carrying 18 marks
i.e. 2 marks of each. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 Units. Each Unit shall have two essay type
questions and the candidate shall be given internal choice of attempting one question from each
Unit–IV in all. Each question will carry 18 marks.

2. For private candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for internal assessment, the marks
secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be increased to maximum marks of the paper
in lieu of internal assessment.
The paper-setter must put note (2) in the question paper.

3. One question from Unit IV shall be set on the map.

Explanation :

1. Each essay type question would cover about one-third to one-half of a topic detailed in the syllabus.

2. The distribution of marks for the map question would be as under :

Map : 10 marks
Explanatory Note : 08 marks

In case a paper setter chooses to set a question of map on important historical places, the paper setter
will be required to ask the students to mark 5 places on map of 2 mark each and write explanatory
note on any four of 2 marks each.

3. The paper-setter would avoid repetition between different types of questions within one question
paper.
16 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Paper II:

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours

Objectives : To introduce the students to the history of the Punjab region in the early historical period.

Pedagogy : Lectures, library work and discussions.

Unit-I

I. The Mauryan Empire : Social, Economic and religious life.

II. Buddhism and Jainism : Impact on Punjab with special reference to 4th Buddhist Council.
III. The Kushanas : Impact of Kanishka’s rule on Punjab.

Unit-II

IV. Gandhara School of Art : Salient features..

V. The Guptas : Cultural and scientific developments.
VI. Position of Women : Under the Mauryas, the Guptas and the Vardhanas.

Unit-III

VII. Depiction of Punjab in the accounts of Chinese travellers. Fahien and Hwen Tsang.
VIII. Main developments in literature.
IX. Education : Significant developments; Taxila.

Unit-IV

X. Society and Culture on the eve of the Turkish invasion of Punjab.

XI. Punjab in the Kitab-ul-Hind of Alberuni.
XII. Important Historical places : Lahore, Multan Bathinda, Uchh, Jalandhar, Thanesar, Kangra, Taxila,
Kundalvana, Pehowa, Thatta.
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 17

Suggested Readings :
1. Joshi, L.M. (ed.) : History and Culture of the Punjab, Part I, Publication Bureau,
Punjabi University, Patiala, 1989 (3rd edn.)
2. Joshi, L.M. and Singh, Fauja : History and Culture of the Punjab, Vol. I, Punjabi University,
(ed.) Patiala, 1977.
3. Prakash, Buddha : Glimpses of Ancient Punjab, Punjabi University, Patiala, 1983.
4. Thapar, Romila : A History of India, Vol. I, Penguin Books, 1966.
5. Basham, A.L. : The Wonder That was India, Rupa Books, Calcutta (18th rep.),
1992.
6. Sharma, B.N. : Life in Northern India, Munshiram Manohar Lal, Delhi, 1966.

Note : The following categories of the students shall be entitled to take the option of History & Culture of
Punjab in lieu of Punjabi as compulsory subject :
(a) That the students have not studied Punjabi upto class 10th.
(b) Ward of/and Defence Personnel and Central Government employee/employees who are
transferable on all India basis.
(c) Foreigners.

----------------------
 18 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

SEMESTER - II
ENVIRONMENT AND ROAD SAFETY EDUCATION

UNIT I (ENVIRONMENT)

Note: The syllabus has 15 topics to be covered in 25 hour lectures in total, with 2 lectures in each topic from
2 to 11 and one each for the topics 1 and 12 to 15.

1. Environment Concept :
Introduction, concept of biosphere—lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere; Natural resources—their
need and types; principles and scope of Ecology; concepts of ecosystem, population, community,
biotic interactions, biomes, ecological succession.

2. Atmosphere :
Parts of atmosphere, components of air; pollution, pollutants, their sources, permissible limits, risks
and possible control measures.

3. Hydrosphere :
Types of aquatic systems. Major sources (including ground water) and uses of water, problems of the
hydrosphere, fresh water shortage; pollution and pollutants of water, permissible limits, risks and
possible control measures.

4. Lithosphere :
Earth crust, Soil—a life support system, its texture, types, components, pollution and pollutants,
reasons of soil erosion and possible control measures.

5. Forests :
Concept of forests and plantations, types of vegetation and forests, factors governing vegetation, role
of trees and forests in environment, various forestry programmes of the Govt. of India, Urban Forests,
Chipko Andolan.

6. Conservation of Environment :
The concepts of conservation and sustainable development, why to conserve, aims and objectives of
conservation, policies of conservation; conservation of life support systems—soil, water, air, wildlife,
forests.

7. Management of Solid Waste :

Merits and demerits of different ways of solid waste management—open, dumping, landfill,
incineration, resource reduction, recycling and reuse, vermicomposting and vermiculture, organic
farming.

8. Indoor Environment :
Pollutants and contaminants of the in-house environment; problems of the environment linked to
urban and rural lifestyles; possible adulterants of the food; uses and harms of plastics and polythene;
hazardous chemicals, solvents and cosmetics.
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 19

9. Global Environmental Issues :

Global concern, creation of UNEP; Conventions on climate change, Convention on biodiversity;
Stratospheric ozone depletion, dangers associated and possible solutions.

10. Indian Laws on Environment :

Indian laws pertaining to Environmental protection : Environment (Protection) Act, 1986; General
information about Laws relating to control of air, water and noise pollution. What to do to seek
redressal.

11. Biodiversity :
What is biodiversity, levels and types of biodiversity, importance of biodiversity, causes of its loss,
how to check its loss; Hotspot zones of the world and India, Biodiversity Act, 2002.

12. Noise and Microbial Pollution :

Pollution due to noise and microbes and their effects.

13. Human Population and Environment :

Population growth and family welfare programme, Human Health, HIV/AIDS, Human rights.

14. Social Issues :

Environmental Ethics : Issues and possible solutions, problems related to lifestyle, sustainable
development; Consumerisms and waste generation.

15. Local Environmental Issues :

Environmental problems in rural and urban areas, Problem of Congress grass & other weeds,
problems arising from the use of pesticides and weedicides, smoking etc.

Practicals:

Depending on the available facility in the college, a visit to Vermicomposting units or any other such
non-poluting eco-friendly site or planting/caring of vegetation/trees could be taken.

Examination Pattern :

A qualifying paper of 50 marks comprising of fifty multiple choice questions (with one correct and
three incorrect alternatives and no deducation for wrong answer or unattempted question), and of 1 hour
duration.
The students have to obtain 33% marks to quality the paper. The marks are not added/included in the
final mark sheet.
 20 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

UNIT II (ROAD SAFETY)

1. Concept and Significance of Road Safety.

2. Role of Traffic Police in Road Safety.
3. Traffic Engineering – Concept & Significance.
4. Traffic Rules & Traffic Signs.
5. How to obtain Driving License.
6. Traffic Offences, Penalties and Procedures.
7. Common Driving mistakes.
8. Significance of First-aid in Road Safety.
9. Role of Civil Society in Road Safety.
10. Traffic Police-Public Relationship.

Note : Examination Pattern :

• The Environment and Road Safety paper is 70 marks.

• Seventy multiple choice questions (with one correct and three incorrect alternatives and no deduction
for wrong or un-attempted questions).

• The paper shall have two units: Unit I (Environment) and Unit II (Road Safety).

• Unit II shall comprise of 20 questions with minimum of 1 question from each topics 1 to 10.

• The entire syllabus of Unit II is to be covered in 10 hours.

• All the questions are to be attempted.

• Qualifying Marks 33 per cent i.e. 23 marks out of 70.

• Duration of examination : 90 minutes.

• The paper setter is requested to set the questions strictly according to the syllabus.

Suggested Readings

1. The Motor Vehicle Act, 1988 (2010), Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 21

2. Road Safety Signage and Signs (2011), Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of
India.

Websites:

(a) www.chandigarhpolice.nic.in

(b) www.punjabpolice.gov.in

(c) www.haryanapolice.gov.in

(d) www.hppolice.nic.in

------------------------
 22 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

ENGLISH (Elective)
SEMESTER –I

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks
Internal Assessment : 10 Marks
Time : Three Hours

Section -A

The following Units from Fluency in English Ed., Promodini Verma, Mukti Sanyal, Tulika Prasad, New
Delhi: Macmillan India, 2009 (the prescribed text) are recommended for First Semester:

Units: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17

Literary Terms: Ballad, Sonnet, Ode, Lyric, Elegy, Dramatic Monologue, Interior Monologue, Blank Verse,
Free Verse, Mock-Epic, Metaphysical Conceit, Negative Capability, Egotistical Sublime, Fancy/Imagination,
Irony, Paradox, Ambiguity, Alliteration, Assonance, Imagery.

Testing Pattern:

Q.1. It shall be on literary terms/concepts. Eight terms shall be given in all, and the students will (15 marks)
be required to do five, each in not more than 50-60 words.
Q.2. The examiner will set twelve short questions (to be answered each in not more than 30-40 (15 marks)
words) from Fluency in English (the prescribed text), out of which a student shall be
required to attempt any ten.

Q.3. The examiner shall give two passages from the anthology Fluency in English along with (15 marks)
five questions, and the students shall be required to attempt only one of the two. In other
words, this question shall have internal choice. This question shall test the comprehension,
critical acumen and the presentation skills of a student.

Section -B

Q.4. Letter Writing (Personal, Social) (10 marks)

Q.5. Applied Grammar:
(a) Voice, Direct/Indirect, Transformation of Sentences (all types) (15 marks)

(b) Articles, Prepositions, Conjunctions (10 marks)

Q.6. Vocabulary:

Anonymus/Synonyms, Use of words/phrases in sentences (10 marks)

 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 23

ENGLISH (Elective)
SEMESTER –II

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks
Internal Assessment : 10 Marks
Time : Three Hours
Section -A

The following Essays, Stories and Plays from the prescribed book ‘A Collection of Essays, Short Stories &
One Act Plays, Ed., R.K Kaushik & S.C. Bhatia, New Delhi, OUP, 2006. (Included in Section -A ) are
recommended for Second Semester:
Essays 1-6
Stories 1-6
Plays 1-4

Literary terms/concepts: Prose, Essay, Expository Essay, Analytical /Argumentative Essay, Lyrical Essay,
Descriptive Essay, Imaginative Essay, Philosophical Essay, Short Story, Long Story, Drama, Dramatic Plot,
Character, Incident, Setting, Structure, Tragedy, Comedy, Tragi-comedy

Testing Pattern:

Q.1. Literary terms/concepts (Five out of Eight) (15 marks)

2. Ten short questions to be attempted out of fourteen, based on A Collection of Essays, (15 marks)
Short Stories and One Act Plays’ (each to be answered in not more than 30-40 words.)

3. Long questions five out of seven, again based on A Collection of Essays, Short Stories (15 marks)
and One Act Plays’ (each to be answered in not more than 100-120 words) .

Section -B

Q.4. Paragraph Writing (based on outline, a situation, a string of questions etc.) (15 marks)

Q.5. Applied Grammar-

(a) Corrections (10 marks)

(b) Use of the same words as different parts of speech (10 marks)

Q.6. Translation from Vernacular into English (10 sentences only) (10 marks)

OR

(For foreign students, a paragraph on any one of the two given topics, preferably, proverbs
or idioms)
 24 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

fgUnh ¼,ssfPNd½

lsesLVj&1

iw.kk±d % 90$10 = 100

le; % 3 ?k.Vs

1. dforkyksd % vad % 21

la- MkW- f'kodqekj 'kekZ] ifCyds'ku C;wjks] iatkc fo'ofo|ky;] p.Mhx<+ }kjk izdkf'krA

bu lkr dfo;ksa dh jpuk,¡ ikB~;Øe esa fu/kkZfjr dh xbZ gS&

dchj] jSnkl] xq#ukud nso] lwjnkl] ehjkckbZ] rqylhnkl vkSj fxfj/kj dfojk;A

¼d½ Ng&Ng vadksa dh nks lanHkZlfgr O;k[;k,¡ djuh gksaxhA dqy 4 lanHkZ iwNs tk,¡xsA

¼[k½ 9 vadksa dk ,d leh{kkRed iz'u djuk gksxkA dqy 2 iz'u iwNs tk,¡xsA

bl [kaM esa ls dfo&ifjp;] dfork&lkj rFkk mís'; laca/kh iz'u iwNs tk;asxsA mÙkjksa dh 'kCn&lhek 200 gksxhA

2- ltho dgkfu;k¡ % vad % 21

la- MkW- y{ehpUnz [kqjkuk] ifCyds'ku C;wjks] iatkc fo'ofo|ky;] p.Mhx<+ }kjk izdkf'krA fuEufyf[kr lkr dgkfu;k¡ ikB~Øe
esa gSa %&

'krjat ds f[kykM+h] eerk] vf'kf{kr dk ân;] ekSr ds eq¡g esa] U;k; ea=h] xqykc] lH;&vlH;A

¼d½ Ng&Ng vadksa dh nks lanHkZlfgr O;k[;k,¡ djuh gksaxhA dqy 4 O;k[;k,¡ iwNh tk,¡asxhA

¼[k½ 9 vadksa dk ,d leh{kkRed iz'u djuk gksxkA bl [kaM esa dFkkoLrq] pfj=&fp=.k ,oa mís'; ls lacaf/kr dqy nks
iz'u iwNs tk,¡xsA izR;sd mÙkj dh 'kCn&lhek 200 rd gksxhA

3- rhu&rhu vadksa ds pkj y?kq&mÙkjkis{kh iz'u djus gkasxsA vad % 12

dqy 8 iz'u iwNs tk,¡xsA izR;sd mÙkj dh lhek 50 'kCnksa rd gksxhA ;s iz'u bl i= ds iwoksZDr nks [kaMksa ¼dforkyksd ,oa
ltho dgkfu;k¡ ½ ij vk/kkfjr gksaxsA
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 25

4 fgUnh&lkfgR; dk bfrgkl % vad % 16

vkfndky ¼viHkza'k lkfgR; dks NksM+dj½ rFkk HkfDrdky ls fuEufyf[kr 'kh"kZdksa ij vk/kkfjr iz'u iwNs tk,¡xsA

¼d½ vkfndky dk ukedj.k] dky&lhek] ifjfLFkfr;k¡] izo`fr;k¡ vkSj i`Fohjkt jklks rFkk chlynso jklks dk ifjp;A

¼[k½ HkfDrdky dh ifjfLFkfr;k¡] lardkO;] izsek[;kuddkO;] jkedkO; vkSj d`".kdkO; dh fo'ks"krk,¡] dchj] tk;lh]
rqylh vkSj lwjnklA

5- oLrqfu"B iz'zu vad % 20

bl i= ds iwokZsDr rhuksa [kaMksa ds laca/k esa 2&2 vad ds nl oLrqfu"B iz'uksa ds mÙkj nsus gksaxsA

6- vkarfjd ewY;kadu % vad % 10

lgk;d iqLrdsa %

fgUnh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl % dqlqe oekZ

 26 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

fgUnh ¼,ssfPNd½
lsesLVj&2

iw.kk±ad % 90$10 = 100

le; % 3 ?k.Vs

1. leh{kk fl)kUr % vad % 16

¼dsoy miU;kl vkSj dgkuh½

¼d½ miU;kl dh ifjHkk"kk] rÙo vkSj oxhZdj.k laca/kh nks iz'u iwNs tk,¡xsA 8 vadksa dk dsoy ,d iz'u djuk gksxkA

¼[k½ dgkuh dh ifjHkk"kk] rÙo vkSj oxhZdj.k laca/kh nks iz'u iwNs tk,¡xsA 8 vadksa dk dsoy ,d iz'u djuk gksxkA

2. >k¡lh dh jkuh&
jkuh o`Unkou yky oekZ&e;wj izdk'ku] >k¡lh vad % 16

ukedj.k] dFkkoLrq] pfj=&fp=.k] mís'; ds vk/kkj ij pkj leh{kkRed iz'u iwNs tk,¡xs] ftuesa ls 8&8 vadksa ds
dksbZ nks iz'u djus gkasaxsA bl [kaM esa ls lanHkZlfgr O;k[;k ugha iwNh tk,axhA

3. O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k % vad % 20

¼d½ foijhrkFkZd 'kCn 4 vad

¼[k½ lekukFkZd 'kCn 4 vad

¼x½ 'kCn&'kks/ku vkSj okD;&'kks/ku 8 vad

¼?k½ okD;ka'k ds fy, 'kCn 4 vad

4. eqgkojs vkSj yksdksfDr;k¡ vad % 10

5. fu/kkZfjr fo"k; ij vuqPNsn&ys[ku vad % 10

6- futh i=&ys[ku vad % 08

7. ifjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh ¼lawph lyXu gS½ vad % 10

8. vkarfjd ewY;kadu vad % 10

uksV % i= nks esa Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k ds O;kogkfjd iz;ksx vkSj Nk=ksa ij O;fDrxr /;ku nsus dh vfuok;Zrk ds dkj.k d{kk&vuqHkkx dh
Nk=&la[;k 30 ls 40 ds chp lhfer gksxhA
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 27

ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh

A
1. Abbreviation laf{kfIr
2. Absence vuqifLFkfr] xSjgkftjh
3. Accommodation vkokl
4. Advice ijke'kZ] lykg] lwpuk] laKkiu
5. Allegiance fu"Bk
6. Alteration ifjorZu] gsj&Qsj
7. Amendment la'kks/ku
8. Appendix ifjf'k"V
9. Assistant lgk;d
10. Attendance mifLFkfr] gkftjh
B
11. Basic pay ewy osru
12. Birth Date tUe frfFk] tUe dh rkjh[k
13. Block [kaM] CykWd
14. Board cksMZ] eaMy
15. Break in Service lsok esa O;o/kku
16. By Hand nLrh
C
17. Cancel jn~n djuk
18. Clarification Li"Vhdj.k
19 Closing Balance var&'ks"k] jksdM+ ckdh
20. Committee Lfefr
21. Competence l{kerk
22 Conference lEesyu
23. Confirmation iqf"V
24. Consolidated fund lesfdr fuf/k
25. Conveyance allowance okgu HkÙkk
26. Corruption Hkz"Vkpkj
27. Covering letter lgi=
28 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

D
28. Dealing Assistant lacaf/kr lgk;d
29. Dearness Allowance eagxkbZ HkÙkk
30. Department foHkkx
31. Deputy Secretary milfpo
32. Dissent folEefr] foefr] (fof/)] vglefr
33. Duplicate vuqfyfi] nwljh izfr
34. Duration vof/k
35. Duty M~;wVh] dke] dk;Z] dÙkZO;] Hkkj] 'kqYd
E
36. Encashment Hkqukuk] rqM+kuk
37. Entry izfof"V] banjkt] izos'k
38. Evidence lk{;] xokgh] izek.k
39. Expert fo'ks"kK
40. Export fu;kZr
41. Extract m)j.k
F
42. Fitness Certificate LoLFkrk izek.ki=] ;ksX;rk izek.ki=
43. Fresh Receipt ubZ vkorh
44. Further Action vkxs dh dkjZokbZ] vxyh dk;Zokgh
G
45. General Manager iz/kku izca/kd] egkizca/kd
46. General Meeting lk/kkj.k lHkk] lk/kkj.k cSBd
47. Grant-in-aid lgk;rk&vuqnku
48. Guidance ekxZn'kZu] funsZ'ku
H
49 Head Clerk iz/kku fyfid] gSM dydZ
50. Head of Account ys[kk&'kh"kZ
51. Head office iz/kku dk;kZy;
52. Head Quarter eq[;ky;
53. Holiday vodk'k]
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 29

I
54. Immediate officer vklUu vf/kdkjh
55. Import vk;kr
56. Increment osru&o`f)
57. Inquiry iwNrkN] tk¡p
58. Inspector fujh{kd
59. Instruction vuqns'k] fgnk;r
60. Instructor vuqns'kd
61. Interpretation fuoZpu] O;k[;k
62. Intimation izKkiu] lwpuk] bfÙkyk
63. Investigation vUos"k.k] rQrh'k] tk¡p&iM+rky
64. Irrelevant vlac)] folaxr
65. Issue ¼laKk½ fuxZe] iz'u] elyk] ¼fØ;k½ tkjh djuk] Hkstuk] nsuk

J
66. Job ukSdjh] tk¡p] dk;Z
67. Joining Date dk;Zxzg.k&rkjh[k] dk;kZjEHk&rkjh[k
68. Joint Secretary la;qDr lfpo
L

69. Labour Welfare Je&dY;k.k

70. Leave Salary NqV~Vh dk osru
71. Leave Vacancy vodk'k&fjfDr
72. Length of Service lsokdky
M
73. Management izca/k
74. Medical fpfdRlk
75. Medical Leave fpfdRlk&NqV~Vh
76. Medical Officer fpfdRlk&vf/kdkjh
77. Messenger lans'kokgd
78. Ministry ea=ky;] eaf=eaMy
79. Modification la'kks/ku] :ikarj
80. Most Immediate vfr&rkRdkfyd
30 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

N
81. Nationality jk"Vªh;rk
82. Necessary Action vko';d dkjZokbZ
83. Negligence mis{kk] izekn] xQyr
84. Non-Objection vukifÙk
85. Non-Official xSj&ljdkjh] v'kkldh;
O
86. Obedience vkKkikyu] vkKkuqorZu
87. Objection vkifÙk
88. Offence vijk/k
89. Offer izLrko
90. Office dk;kZy;] nQrj] in
91. Office Copy dk;kZy;&izfr] nQrj dh izfr
92. Office Hours dk;kZy;&le;
93. Office Order dk;kZy;&vkns'k
94. Officer vf/kdkjh] vQlj
95. Officer-in-charge izHkkjh vf/kdkjh
96. Officiating LFkkukiUu
97. Option fodYi
98. Original Copy ewy izfr
99. Outstanding cdk;k
100. Overtime vfrfjDr le;
P
101. Part Time va'kdkfyd
102. Pay osru
103. Payment vnk;xh
104. Penalty naM] vFkZ&naM] tqekZuk
105. Pending vfu.khZr iM+k gqvk] :dk gqvk] yafcr
106. Pension isa'ku
107. Planning ;kstuk] ;kstuk cukuk
108. Proceedings dk;Zokgh
109. Proposal izLrko
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 31

110. Publicity izpkj

111. Postpone LFkfxr djuk] eqyroh djuk
Q
112 Qualification vgZrk] ;ksX;rk
113 Quarterly =Sekfld
R
114 Rectification ifj'kks/ku
115 Reference lanHkZ] funsZ'k] gokyk
116 Remark fopkj] vH;qfDr
117 Remuneration ikfjJfed] esgurkuk
118 Renewal uohuhdj.k
119 Revenue jktLo
S
120 Satisfactory larks"ktud
121 Scrutiny laoh{kk]
122 Seal eqnzk] eksgj
123 Secret xqIr] xqIr ckr
124 Security izfrHkwfr] lqj{kk
125 Seniority ofj"Brk
126 State Government jkT; ljdkj
127 Stores lkeku] lkexzh] HkaMkj
128 Summary lkjka'k] la{ksi
129 Superintendent v/kh{kd
130 Supervisor ioZos{kd]
T
131 Target y{;
132 Technical rduhdh
133 Testimonial 'kalki=
134 Tour nkSjk
135 Training izf'k{k.k]
136 Translation vuqokn
32 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

137 Travelling Allowance ;k=k&HkÙkk

U
138 Under Secretary voj&lfpo

139 Unemployment csdkjh] csjkstxkjh

140 Unofficial Letter v'kkldh; i=

141 Up-to-date v|ru

142 Verification lR;kiu

143 Violation vfrØe.k

144 Waiting list izrh{kk&lwph

145 Warning Pksrkouh

146 Working days dk;Z&fnol] dke ds fnu

147 Working Hours dk;Z&le;] dke ds ?kaVs

148 Working Knowledge dk;Z&lk/kd&Kku

149 Write off cV~Vs&[kkrs Mkyuk

Z
150 Zone tksu] vapy

-------------------
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 33

gzikph (fJb?efNt)

;w? ;No gfjbk

e[Zb nzeL 100

fbyshL 90
fJzNoBb n;?;w?ANL 10
;wKL 3 xzN/
gkmeqw

1a g[oksB gzikph ekft 25 nze

2a gzikph fJeKrh 25 nze

3H gzikph ;kfjs dk fJfsjk; ( 1700 Jha sZe) 20 nze

4H GkÙk ns/ gzikph GkÙk 10 nze

5H ;kfjs d/ o{g 10 nze
e'o ;

1a nZyo Bkd,
Bkd (;zgka) gq'a irihs f;zx, gpbhe/ÙB fpT{o', gzikp :{Bhtof;Nh, uzvhrVQ.
(fBoXkfos
fBoXkfos ethL
eth Ù/ı ¯ohd, r[o{ BkBe d/t ih, r[o{ nwo dk; ih, r[o{ noiB d/t ih, r[o{ s/r
pjkd[o ih )
2a doÙB, ;zs f;zx ;/y'A, gpbhe/ÙB fpT{o', gzikp :{Bhtof;Nh, uzvhrVQ.
S/ doÙB
(“fBÙKs pkr ftZu” fJeKrh ˘ SZv e/)

:{fBN ns/ Ehw

1a (T) nZyo Bkd g[;se ftu'A gq;zr ;fjs ftnkfynk (d' ftu'A fJe) 10 nze
(n) S/ doÙB fJeKrh d/ tkoskbkgh nzÙ dh gq;zr ;fjs ftnkfynk (d' ftu'A fJe) 10 nze
2a (T) d' eftsktK ftu'A fe;/ fJZe dk ftÙk 10 nze
(n) fJeKrhL ftÙk, gkso ns/ ;kfjse goy (d' ftu'A fJe gqÙB eoBk) 10 nze
3a ekft ;zrqfj ns/ fJeKrh ;zrqfj ftu'A bx{ T[ZsoK tkb/ gqÙB (nZm ftu'A gzi) 5x2=10 nze
4a gzikph ;kfjs dk fJfsjk; ( 1700 Jha sZe) L 5%4&20 nze
r[owfs, tko ekft ns/ tkose ;kfjs ftu'A fJfsjk;w{be gqÙB (S/ ftu'A e'Jh uko-
T[Zso 50 ÙpdK s'A tZX Bk j't/)
5H GkÙk ns/ gzikph GkÙkL GkÙk dh gfoGkÙk, gqfeosh , gq:'iB s/ wjsZtl gzikph GkÙk 10 nze
dhnK ftÙ/ÙsktK. (d' ftZu'A fJZe)

6H ;kfjs d/ o{gL iBw;kyh, tko, Ùb'e, ek¯h, feZ;k, ;hjo¯h (d' ftZu'A e'Jh fJZe) 10 nze
 34 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

;jkfJe g[ ;seK L

1. gzikph ;kfjs dk fJfsjk; (nkfd ekb s'A 1700 JhL sZe ), gzikp :{Bhtof;Nh, uzvhrVQ.
2. gzikph ;kfjs dk fJfsjk; (nkfd ekb s'A 1700 JhL sZe ), gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh, gfNnkbk.
3. gofwzdo f;zx s/ feogkb f;zx e;/b, “gzikph ;kfjs dh T[sgsh s/ ftek;”, bkj"o p[Ze Ùkg, b[fXnkDk.
4. f;ZX{, gowihs f;zx (vkH), wkBt ftfrnkBe GkÙk ftfrnkB, gpbhe/ÙB fpT{o' gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,
gfNnkbk, 1998H
5. Xkbhtkb, gq/w f;zx (vkH) o{g ftfrnkB ns/ gzikph Ùpd ouBk, wdkB gpbhe/ÙBi, gzikph
:{Bhtof;Nh, gfNnkbk, 2002H
6. Xkbhtkb, gq/w f;zx (vkH) “f;XKse GkÙk ftfrnkB”, wdkB gpbhe/ÙB˜, gfNnkbk, 2002
7. pokV, p{Nk f;zx (vkH) “gzikph GkÙk ;q's s/ ;o{g” ,tkfo; Ùkj ckT[v/ÙB, nzfwqs;o 2012H
ftÙ/Ù B'NL ;w[Zu/ gkmeqw bJh j¯s/ ftu 6O6 ¾ 12 ghohnv.

gzikph (fJb?efNt)

;w? ;No d{ i k

e[Zb nzeL 100

fbyshL 90
fJzNoBb n;?;w?ANL 10
;wKL 3 xzN/
gkmeqw
1a g[oksB gzikph ekft 25 nze
2a Bktb 25 nze
3H gzikph ;kfjs dk fJfsjk; ( 1700 Jha sZe) 20 nze
4H Gkosh s/ :{BkBh ekft-Ùk;so 20 nze

e'o ;

1a nZyo Bkd,
Bkd (;zgka) gq'a irihs f;zx, gpbhe/ÙB fpT{o', gzikp :{Bhtof;Nh, uzvhrVQ.
(fBoXkfos ethL r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih, GkJh r[odk;, Ùkj j[;?B, dw'do, ghb{)
2a d[n kpk,
kpk n¯˜b nfj;B ozXktk, dhge gpfbÙo˜, ibzXo.
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 35

:{fBN ns/ Ehw

1a (T) nZyo Bkd g[;se ftu'A gq;zr ;fjs ftnkfynk (d' ftu'A fJe) 10 nze

(n) d[ nkpk Bktb d/ tkoskbkgh nzÙ dh gq;zr ;fjs ftnkfynk (d' ftu'A fJe) 10 nze

2a (T) d' eftsktK ftu'A fe;/ fJZe dk ftÙk 10 nze

(n) Bktb L ftÙk, gkso ns/ ;kfjse goy (d' ftu'A fJe gqÙB eoBk) 10 nze

3a ekft ;zrqfj ns/ Bktb ftu'A bx{ T[ZsoK tkb/ gqÙB (nZm ftu'A gzi) 5%2&10 nze

4a gzikph ;kfjs dk fJfsjk; (1700 Jha sZe) L 5%4&20 nze

;{¯h, feZ;k s/ izrBkwk ;kfjs ftu'A fJfsjk;w{be gqÙB (S/ ftu'A uko - T[Zso 50
ÙpdK s'A tZX Bk j't/)

5H Gkosh s/ :{BkBh ekft-Ùk;soL 10O10&20 nze

(T) X[Bh s/ nbzeko ;zgqdkfJ (d' ;tkbK ftu'A fJe eoBk)

(n) no;s{ dk nB[eoD s/ fto/uB f;XKs .

(d' ;tkbK ftu'A fJe eoBk)

;jkfJe g[ ;seK L

1. gzikph ;kfjs dk fJfsjk; (nkfd ekb s'A 1700 JhL sZe ), gzikp :{Bhtof;Nh, uzvhrVQ.
2. gzikph ;kfjs dk fJfsjk; (nkfd ekb s'A 1700 JhL sZe ), gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh, gfNnkbk.
3. gofwzdo f;zx s/ feogkb f;zx e;/b, “gzikph ;kfjs dh T[sgsh s/ ftek;”, bkj"o p[Ze Ùkg, b[fXnkDk.
4. gq/w gqekÙ f;zx Xkbhtkb (vkH), Gkosh ekft-Ùk;sq, wdkB gpbhe/ÙB˜, gfNnkbk, 2010
5. r[oÙoB e"o iZrh, Gkosh ekft-Ùk;so L ;o{g s/ f;XKs, nko;h gpfbÙo˜, fdZbh, 1981
6. jfoGiB f;zx, no;s{ dk ekft-Ùk;so, n?;H uzd n?Av ezgBh, BthA fdZbh, fdZbh, ibzXo, byBT{, pzpJh,
1964
36 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

laLd`r (bySfDVo)
lsesLVj&1

PAPER : dFkk] uhfr ,oa O;kdj.k iw.kkZad % 90$10¾100

( - 10,
10, - 90)
90) Lke;&3 ?k.Vs

funZ
funZs'k
'k r Fkk mn~nsns';&
;&

• iz'ui=k dk ekè;e fgUnh gksxk A mÙkjksa dk ekè;e laLd`r] fgUnh] iatkch ;k vaxzsth esa ls dksbZ ,d Hkk"kk gksxh A
• fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks jkspd dFkkvksa ds ekè;e ls dke&Øks/&yksHk&eksg&vgadkj] rFkk ekRl;Z bZ";kZ bR;kfn nqxZ.q kksa ds o'khHkwr u gksdj
thou&iFk ij vxzlj gksus] fo|k dk okLrfod vFkZ ,oa cqf¼ dh efgek dh f'k{kk nsukA
• blds vfrfjDr O;kogkfjd 'kCnkoyh }kjk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh laLd`r ds izfr #fp tkx`r djukA
• laLd`r iw.kZ oSKkfud ,oa O;kdj.kfu"B Hkk"kk gSA vr%% fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks laLd`r O;kdj’k ds v?;;ukFkZ] vO;;kssa dk iz;ksx] la[;kokph
'kCn] 'kCn:i] /rq:i ,ao vU; lekU; Kku ls ifjpr djokuk A
• i=k dk v?;;u le; ukS ihfj;M (izfr?k’Vk) izfrlIrkg gksxk] ftlesa rhu ihfj;M dEiksft'ku ds gksaxs A
• lHkh iz'ukas esa 'krizfr'kr vFkok fufnZ"V fodYi vko';d gSa A

( )

(d) vijhf{krdkjde~ (1&

(1&4
1&4 dgkuh) vad&2
& 20
(i) x|&Hkkx (lizalx vuqokn & rhu esa ls ,d) 05 vad
(ii) lwfDr@'yksd (nks dh lizlax&O;k[;k) 10 vad
(iii) dFkklkj 05 vad
([k) uhfr'krde~ (1&2
1&25 'yksd) vad&15
&15
(i) 'yksd (nks dh lizlax&O;k[;k) 10 vad
(ii) lwfDr&lizlax vuqokn@ O;k[;k (rhu esa ls ,d) 05 vad
(x) O;kogkfjd laL d`r 'kCnkoyh (15 esa ls 10 'kCnks
'kCnks dh laLd`r ) vad&1
&10
'kjhjkax] Qy] lfCt;kWa

1- vxwaBk & vÄ~xq"B% 2- vk¡[k &p{kq%] ykspue~] us=ke~] u;ue~

3- vaxqyh & vÄ~xqfy% 4- vksB &vks"B%
5- dej & Jksf.k%] dfV% 6- dykbZ & ef.kcU/%
7- dku & d.kZ%] Jks=ke~ 8- xnZu & xzhok
9- ?kqVuk & tkuq% 10- thHk & ftg~ok] jluk
11- nk¡r & nUr%] n'ku% 12- ukd & ?kzk.ke~] ukfldk
13- isV & dqf{k%] mnje~ 14- ckag & ckgq%] Hkqt%
15- HkkSa & Hkzw% 16- ekFkk & yykVe~
17- 'kjhj & xk=ke~] 'kjhje~ 18- vaxwj & nzk{kk
19- ve:n & vkezye~ 20- vke & vkeze~
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 37

21- dktw & dktoe~ 22- fd'kfe'k &'kq"dnzk{kk

23- [ktwj & [ktwZje~ 24- tkequ & tEcwQye~
25- rjcwt & rkjcwte~ 26- [kjcwtk & [kcqZte~
27- Ukkfj;y & ukfjdsye~ 28- Ykhph & yhfpdk
29- Lkso & lsoe~ 30- vathj & vathje~
31- Ukkjaxh & ukjaxe~ 32- Cksy & fcYoe~] JhQye~
33- Cksj & cnjhQye~ 34- Eksok & 'kq"dQye~
35- vkyw & vkyq% 36- ddM-h & ddZVh
37- djsyk & dkjosYye~ 38- xksHkh & xksftg~ok
39- VekVj & jDrkÄ~xe~ 40- fVaMk & fVafM'k%
41- /fu;k & /kU;de~ 42- Ikkyd & ikydh
43- I;kt & iyk.Mq% 44- oSaxu & oaxu%
45- fHkaMh & fHkaMd% 46- fepZ & ejhpe~
47- ewyh & ewYkde~ 48- yglwu & y'kque~
49-'kyxe & 'osrdUn% 50- lkx & 'kkd%

(?k) o.kksZ ds mPpkj.k LFkku 4× 1 = 4 vad

(M-) ik¡p vO;;ksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx 5× 1= 5 vad
(v=k] r=k] dq=k] ;=k] vU;=k] loZ=k ,d=k, br%] rr%] dqr%] dnk] rnk] ;nk] lnk, rFkk] ;Fkk)
(p) la[;k (x.kuk) okph 'kCn 1 ls 50 rd (i¡kp 'kCn) 5 vad
(N) lkekU;& Kku (frfFk] u{k=k] ;ksx] dj.k] okj) 5 vad
(t) Loj lfU/ (i¡kp lfU/;k¡ izIVO;) 5 vad
(>) 'kCn:Ik (jke] yrk] Qy] eqfu] efr] unh)(nks 'kCn:i iz"VO;) 2× 4¾ 8 vad
(.k) /krq:Ik (ir~] xe~] iB~] dzhM] on~] ik) 2× 4¾ 8 vad
(dsoy yV~] y`~V] yksV~] yM~- o fof/fyÄ~ ydkj esa nks /krq:i iz"VO;)
(V) fgUnh ls laLd`r esa vuqokn (5 okD;) 5 vad

lgk;d iqLrd%& vijhf{krdkjde(fo".kq'kekZ)A uhfr'krde~ (HkrZ̀gfj)A 'kh?kzcks/] pkS[kEck] okjk.klhA

3438 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

laLd`r (bySfDVo)
lsesLVj&2
PAPER : dFkk] uhfr ,oa O;kdj.k iw.kkZad % 90$10¾100
( - 10,
10, - 90)
90) Lke;&3 ?k.Vs

funZ
funZs'k
'k r Fkk mn~nsns';&
;&

• iz'ui=k dk ekè;e fgUnh gksxk A mÙkjksa dk ekè;e laLd`r] fgUnh] iatkch ;k vaxzsth esa ls dksbZ ,d Hkk"kk gksxh A
• fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks jkspd dFkkvksa ds ekè;e ls dke&Øks/&yksHk&eksg&vgadkj rFkk ekRl;Z bZ";kZ bR;kfn nqxq.Z kksa ds o'khHkwr u gksdj
thou&iFk ij vxzlj gksus] fo|k dk okLrfod vFkZ ,oa cqf¼ dh efgek dh f'k{kk nsukA
• blds vfrfjDr O;kogkfjd 'kCnkoyh }kjk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh laLd`r ds izfr #fp tkx`r djukA
• laLd`r iw.kZ oSKkfud ,oa O;kdj.kfu"B Hkk"kk gSA vr%% fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks laLd`r O;kdj’k ds v?;;ukFkZ] vO;;ksa dk iz;ksx] la[;kokph
'kCn] 'kCn:i] /rq:i ,ao vU; lekU; Kku ls ifjpr djokuk A
• i=k dk v?;;u le; ukS ihfj;M (izfr?k’Vk) izfrlIrkg gksxk] ftlesa rhu ihfj;M dEiksft'ku ds gksaxs A
• lHkh iz'ukas esa 'krizfr'kr vFkok fufnZ"V fodYi vko';d gSa A

( )

(d) vijhf{krdkjde~ (5&

(5&8 dgkuh) vad&2
&2 0
(i) x|&Hkkx (lizalx vuqokn & rhu esa ls ,d) 05 vad
(ii) lwfDr@'yksd (nks dh lizlax&O;k[;k) 10 vad
(iii) dFkklkj 05 vad
([k) uhfr'krde~ (26&5
(26 &50
&50 'yksd) vad&15
&15
(i) 'yksd (nks dh lizlax&O;k[;k) 10 vad
(ii) lwfDr&lizlax vuqokn@ O;k[;k (rhu esa ls ,d) 05 vad
(x) O;kogkfjd laL d`r 'kCnkoyh (15 esa ls 10 'kCnks
'kCnks dh laLd`r ) vad&1
&10

Ik'kq] i{kh] ouLifr

1- mÚ¡V & m"Vª% 2- [kjxks'k & 'k'kd%

3- x/k & xnZHk%] [kj% 4- xk; & xkS%
5- xhnM+ & 'k`xky% 6- xSaMk & x.Md%
7- ?kksM+k & v'o%] ?kksVd% 8- Pwkgk & ew"kd%
9- fNidyh & yyfUrdk 10- usoyk & udqy%
11- cUnj & okuj%] dfi% 12- cdjk & vt%
13- fcYyh & ektZkjh 14- cSy & cyn%] cyhonZ%] o`"kHk%
15- HkSal & efg"kh 16- 'ksj & flag%
17- gkFkh & xt%] nUrh] djh 18- fgju & e`x%] gfj.k%] dqjax%
19- mYyw & mywd%] dkSf'kd% 20- dcwrj & diksr%] ikjkor%
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 39

21- dks;y & dksfdy% 22- dkSok & dkd%

23- xh/ & x`/z% 24- pdok & pØokd%
25- fpfM+;k & pVdk 26- rksrk & 'kqd%
27- iihgk & pkrd% 28- cxqyk & cd%
29- cr[k & orZd%] ofrZdk 30- ckt & ';su%
31- eksj & e;wj% 32- eqxkZ & dqDdqV%
33- gal & gal% 34- lkjl & lkjl%
35- vkaoyk & vkeydh 36- vke(o`{k) & vkez%
37- tkequ (o`{k) & tEcw% 38- ukfj;y(o`{k) & ukfjdsy%
39- uhe & fuEc% 40- ihiy & v'oRFk%
41- csy(o`{k) & fcYo% 42- xqykc & LFkyin~ee~
43- dey & dqoy;e~] iq.Mjhde~] in~ee~ 44- xsank & xU/iq"ie~
45- pesyh & ekyrh 46- pEik & pEid%
47- ijkx & edjUn% 48- jkr dh jkuh & jtuhxU/k
49- iÙkk & i=ke~] i.kZe~ 50- yrk & ozrfr%] oh#r~

(?k) ik¡p vO;;ksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx 5× 1= 5 vad

(dFke~] v|%] 'o%] g~;%] ij'o%] l|%] iqjr%] i`"Br%] oker%] nf{k.kr%] uhpS] mPpS%] cfg%] vUr%)
(M-) la[;k (x.kuk) okph 'kCn 51 ls 100 rd (i¡kp 'kCn) 5 vad
(p) lkekU;& Kku (jkf'k] ekl] xzg ,oa n'k fn'kkvksa ds uke) 5 vad
(N) 'kCn:Ik (xq#] fir`] ekr`] Hkor~] vLen~] ;q"en)(nks 'kCn:i iz"VO;) 2× 5¾ 10 vad
(t) /krq:Ik (fy[k~] uh] n`'k~] Hkw] R;t~] Le` /krq) 10 vad
(dsoy yV~] y`~V] yksV~] yM~- o fof/fyÄ~ ydkj esa nks /krq:i iz"VO;)

(>) fgUnh ls laLd`r esa vuqokn (10 okD;) 10 vad

lgk;d iqLrd%& vijhf{krdkjde(fo".kq'kekZ)A uhfr'krde~ (HkrZ̀gfj)A 'kh?kzcks/] pkS[kEck] okjk.klhA

---------------------------------------------------------
3440 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

URDU (Elective)
SEMESTER - I
Essay and Composition:

Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hrs

(i) Essay 30 marks

(ii) Letter/ Application 20 marks
(iii) 1. Mutazad Alfaz 40 marks
2. Mutaradif Alfaz
3.Wahid aur Jama
4.Tazkeer-o-Taanees
5. Muhaware
6. Correction of words/ sentences

Books Recommended:

1. Guldasta-e- mazameen -Insha pardazi Part II by Dr. Arif Mohd. Khan, published by Educational
Book House, Aligarh.
2. Urdu Qaedah-mae- Intekhaab Nasar-o-nazm by Dr. Haroon Ayub.

SEMESTER - II
Prose and Poetry:
Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hrs

(i) Explanation of Prose Passages 30 marks

(ii) Explanation of verses 40 marks
(iii) Summary of poem or a lesson 20 marks

Books Prescribed

1 Nisab Part II, published by M/s Educational Book House, A.M.U. Market, Aligarh. (All the lessons
contained in the prose portion are prescribed except the following):

1. Khlai Safar
2. Hindustan mein Islami hukumat ke tamaddun ka Asar.

…………………………………
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 41

PERSIAN (Elective)
Note : There will be one paper in each Semester i.e. 1st and 2nd Semester of 90 marks each and Internal
Assessment 10 marks each Semester for the session of 2014 -15 .

SEMESTER-I

Paper-A – Prose: Time: 3 Hours

Written Paper: 90 Marks
Internal Asst. :10 Marks

Instructions to the paper setter/examiner and also the distribution of marks as follows:

1. Translation of two passages into English, Urdu, Punjabi, Hindi or Persian. Marks: 30
(Out of three question 2 have to be attempted)
2. Explanation of Hikayat or Intekhab into English, Urdu, Punjabi, Hindi or Persian. Marks: 30
(Choice must be given)
3. Summary of any one of the Hikayat from Gulistan-e-Saadi into English, Urdu, Punjabi, Marks: 10
Hindi or Persian.
4. Simple and direct short biographical questions on the authors. Marks: 20

Books Prescribed for this Paper:

1. Guldasta-ye-Farsi. Hafiz Maulavi Mohd. Ayyub Khan

Complete Prose section. Publisher: Ram Narayan, Beni Madhauv
2, Katra Road Ilahabad.
3442 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

PERSIAN (Elective)

SEMESTER-II

Paper-B – Poetry: Time: 3 Hours

Written Paper: 90 Marks
Internal Asst. :10 Marks

Instructions to the paper setter/examiner and also the distribution of marks as follows:

1. Explanation of poems into English, Urdu, Punjabi, Hindi or Persian (Out of three poems Marks: 30
comprising five Ashaar two have to be attempted)
2. Explanation of the theme of the poem into English, Urdu, Punjabi, Hindi or Persian. Marks: 30
(Choice must be given)
3. Summary of any one of the poem into English, Urdu, Punjabi, Hindi or Persian. Marks: 10
4. Simple and direct short biographical questions on the poets. Marks: 20

Only the following poems from the book Guldasta-ye-Farsi:

‫ی‬ ‫( ا ب از‬1)
‫ع روان‬ ‫م در و‬
‫م دا رای خ ر‬
‫را‬ ‫ری از‬ ‫"! و‬#

‫ت‬ (2 )
‫ داد‬$ % &' ‫دوش و )( ا از‬
‫ ار‬+ ‫ن‬,‫ د‬- $!)‫ رود زد‬# ‫دل‬

Books Prescribed for this Paper:

1. Guldasta-ye-Farsi. Hafiz Maulavi Mohd. Ayub Khan

From Hissa-ye-Nazm. Publisher: Ram Narayan, Beni Madhauv
2, Katra Road Allahabad.
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 43

ARABIC (Elective)

The Syllabus of ARABIC (Elective)

B.A. (GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM)
has been KEPT IN ABEYANCE
 44 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

FRENCH (Elective)

SEMESTER - I
Paper-A : WRITTEN COMPREHENSION AND EXPRESSION, GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT AND
CREATIVE WRITING

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 hours

1. Ten questions (including General and based on Civilisation) pertaining to the prescribed 20 marks
textbook.

2. Comprehension of an unseen text (easier than the prescribed textbook). Ten questions to be 10 marks
put in French and to be answered in French.

3. Translation from English into French and from French into English of a passage or short 10+10 marks
sentences based on the vocabulary of the prescribed textbook

4. Questions on applied grammar, including conjugation of verbs in applied form, pertaining 30 marks
to the text book.

5. Write a dialogue of 150 words on the topics covered in the syllabus 10 marks

CHOICE TO BE GIVEN IN ALL QUESTIONS

Courses of Reading

Textbook-Campus-I (from Unit 1 to 6), Jacky Girardet, et Jacques Pécheur, CLE International, Paris 2000.

(a) Livre de l’élève

(b) Cahier d’exercices

Note: 1. Questions on composition and unseen passage to be based on the vocabulary and grammar of the
textbook covered by the students in B.A. First Semester.

2. All questions are to be asked and answered in French (except questions on translation).

For the information of private candidates:

1. Viva is compulsory
2. The theory paper would be proportionately marked i.e. as there is no internal assessment. Paper –
A would be proportionately marked out of 100 and Paper –B proportionately marked out of 80.
44 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 45

FRENCH (Elective)
SEMESTER – II
Paper-B: WRITTEN COMPREHENSION AND EXPRESSION, GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT AND
CREATIVE WRITING

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 70 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Viva : 20 marks
Time : 3 hours

1. Ten questions (including General and based on Civilisation) pertaining to the prescribed 20 marks
textbook.

2. Comprehension of an unseen text (easier than the prescribed textbook). Ten questions to be 10 marks
put in French and to be answered in French.

3. Questions on applied grammar, including conjugation of verbs in applied form, pertaining to 30 marks
the text book.

4. Write an essay/composition of 150 words on any topic covered in the syllabus 10 marks

CHOICE TO BE GIVEN IN ALL QUESTIONS

Courses of Reading

Textbook-Campus-I (from Unit 7 to 12), Jacky Girardet, et Jacques Pécheur, CLE International, Paris 2000.

(a) Livre de l’élève

(b) Cahier d’exercices

Note: 1. Questions on composition and unseen passage to be based on the vocabulary and grammar of the
textbook covered by the students in B.A. Second Semester.

2. All questions are to be asked and answered in French

Viva: Reading Seen 05 marks

Unseen 05 marks
Conversation 10 marks

For the information of private candidates:

1. Viva is compulsory
2. The theory paper would be proportionately marked i.e. as there is no internal assessment. Paper –
A would be proportionately marked out of 100 and Paper –B proportionately marked out of 80.

……………………………..
 46 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

GERMAN (Elective)

SEMESTER – I
(Dictionary is allowed)

Paper - Summary

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours

I. Questions in applied grammer (including fill in the blanks) conforming to prescribed : 50 marks
text-book "Lagune-1": Chapters 1-15 upto page 78 (5 questions)

II. Questions on "Culture & Civilization" from the prescribed book text-book "Lagune-1": : 20 marks
Chapters 1-15 upto page 78 (4 out of 5 questions to be attempted)

III. Paraphrasing of a poem or stanzas out of the following poems from "German Verse" by : 20 marks
Kulkarni & Chapekar
i. Gefunden (Goethe)
ii. Da ich ein Knabe war (Hölderlin)
iii. Sehnsucht (Eichendorff)

Internal Assessment : 10 marks (Total)

- Continuous Evaluation
- Attendance
Note: 1. The mode of evaluation for Internal Assessment is to be followed as per University guidelines.
2. For private candidates, Internal Assessment will be increased proportionately to the marks obtained
by the candidate in written examination and, wherever applicable, total of both written & oral
examination (e.g. in paper B)
Prescribed Textbook:

i. "Lagune-1" Kursbuch by Hartmut Aufderstraße a.o: Chapters 1-15 upto page 78.
ii. "German Verse" by Kulkarni & Chapekar

Supplementary Book:

"Lagune-1" Arbeitsbuch by Hartmut Aufderstraße a.o: Chapters 1-15.

 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 47

GERMAN (Elective)
SEMESTER –II
(Dictionary is allowed)

Paper - Summary

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 60 marks
Oral (Viva-Voce) : 30 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours

I. Questions in applied grammer (including fill in the blanks) conforming to prescribed : 30 marks
text-book "Lagune-1": Chapters 16-30 (5 questions)
II. Questions on "Culture & Civilization" from the prescribed book text-book "Lagune-1" : 15 marks
: Chapters 16-30 (3 out of 4 questions to be attempted)
III. Paraphrasing of a poem or stanzas out of the following poems from "German Verse" by : 15 marks
Kulkarni & Chapekar

i. Die Lorelei (Heine)

ii. Sommerbild (Hebbel)
iii. Abendlied (Keller)
Oral (viva-voce) Examination : 30 marks (Total)

i. Easy conversation in German

ii. Reading of a simple unseen text and answering questions there-on.

Internal Assessment : 10 marks (Total)

i. Continuous Evaluation
ii. Attendance
Note: 1. The mode of evaluation for Internal Assessment is to be followed as per University guidelines.
2. For private candidates, Internal Assessment will be increased proportionately to the marks obtained
by the candidate in written examination and, wherever applicable, total of both written & oral
examination (e.g. in paper B)

Prescribed Textbook:

i. "Lagune-1" Kursbuch by Hartmut Aufderstraße a.o: Chapters 16-30.

ii. "German Verse" by Kulkarni & Chapekar

Supplementary book:
i. "Lagune-1" Arbeitsbuch by Hartmut Aufderstraße a.o: Chapters 16-30.
…………………
 48 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

RUSSIAN (Elective)
SEMESTER - I

Paper-A : (General Translation, Grammar, Composition and comprehension): Written

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
(For regular students)
Maximum Time : 3 hrs.

1. Translation from simple Russian into English/Hindi/Punjabi (about 120 words) 15 Marks

2. Translation from simple English / Hindi / Punjabi into Russian (about 100 words). 15 Marks

3. Simple applied grammar: 3 questions out of 5 (5 marks each) (Covered in Lessons 1-15, 15 Marks
Wagner)

4. Questions on prescribed texts in Russian: 3 questions out of 5 (5 marks each) (Covered in 15 Marks
Lessons 1-15, Wagner)

5. Composition (One out of three) on the following topics: 15 Marks

1. My family. 2. My day. 3. Our class. 4. Working day.

6. Comprehension: 5 questions out of 7 (3 marks each) on the unseen texts to be reproduced in 15 Marks
the question paper:

Note : Use of dictionaries is allowed.

Book Prescribed :

V.N.Wagner : Russian, PPH, New Delhi.(Lessons 1-15)

Books recommended for additional reading

1. A.K.Maurya: ESSENTIAL RUSSIAN, University of Delhi, 2004.

2. S. Khavronina: Russian in Exercise,1978.

3. I. Pulkina : RUSSIAN A practical Grammar with Exercise. Russky Yazik. Pub. H. Moscow.

4. Dictionaries : English -Russian dictionary.

Russian -English dictionary.
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 49

RUSSIAN (Elective)
SEMESTER - II

Paper-B : (General Translation, Grammar, Composition and comprehension): Written

. Max. Marks : 70
Theory : 60 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
(For regular students)
Maximum Time : 3 hrs
1. Translation from simple Russian into English/Hindi/Punjabi (about 80 words) 10 Marks

2. Translation from simple English / Hindi / Punjabi into Russian (about 75 words). 10 Marks

3. Simple applied grammar: 3 questions out of 5 (4 marks each) (Covered in Lessons 16-31, 12 Marks
Wagner)

4. Questions on prescribed texts in Russian: 4 questions out of 6 (2 marks each) (Covered in 08 Marks
Lessons 16-31, Wagner)

5. Composition (One out of three) on the following topics: 10 Marks

1. Our city. 2. Our flat. 3. An evening party. 4. Birthday.

6. Comprehension: 5 questions out of 7 (2 marks each) on the unseen texts to be reproduced in 10 Marks
the question paper:

Note : Use of dictionaries is allowed.

Book Prescribed :

V.N.Wagner : Russian, PPH, New Delhi. (Lessons 16-31)

Books recommended for additional reading

1. A.K.Maurya: ESSENTIAL RUSSIAN, University of Delhi, 2004.

2. S. Khavronina: Russian in Exercise,1978.
3. I. Pulkina : RUSSIAN A practical Grammar with Exercise. Russky Yazik. Pub. H. Moscow.
4. Dictionaries: English -Russian dictionary.
Russian -English dictionary.

Oral/ Practical Maximum Marks: 30

Reading of text(s) and conversation in simple Russian.

1. V.N.Wagner : Russian, PPH, New Delhi.(Lessons 6-31)

----------------------------------------
50 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

SUBJECT :

BENGALI (Elective)
TAMIL (Elective)
TELUGU (Elective)
KANNADA (Elective)
MALAYALAM (Elective)

The above Syllabus for B.A.(GENERAL)

FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS has been
KEPT IN ABEYANCE
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 51

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

SEMESTER-I

THEORY : Max. Marks : 65

Theory : 60 marks
Internal Assessment : 05 marks
Time : 3 Hrs.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND STUDENTS :

(a) There shall be nine questions in all, spread over Five Units.

(b) First question/Unit is compulsory. It will contain six short answer type questions, spread over
the whole syllabus to be answered in brief. It will carry 12 marks, i.e two marks each question.

(c) Rest of the paper shall contain four Units for descriptive questions. Each Unit shall have two
questions and the students shall be given internal choice i.e. the students shall attempt one
question from each Unit.

(d) All questions/Units will carry equal marks.

(e) Private candidates and the students of the University School of Open Learning (USOL) are not
allowed to take this subject.
(f) The University paper shall be set in three languages i.e., English, Punjabi and Hindi.

UNIT-I 12 Marks

Entire syllabus given in the Units II to V will be covered to set six short answer type questions in first
question/Unit of the question paper which is compulsory.

UNIT-II 12 Marks
Education :

• Meaning and concept of Education

Physical Education :

• Meaning and definition of Physical Education, its aim and objectives.

• Need and importance of Physical Education in the Modern Society and its relationship with
other subjects.

History of Physical Education :

• Pre and Post Independence Development of Physical Education in India.

52 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

UNIT-III 12 Marks

Olympic Games, Asian Games & Common Wealth Games :

• Ancient Olympic Games.

• Modern Olympic Games.
• Asian Games; and
• Common Wealth Games.
UNIT-IV 12 Marks

Sports Schemes, National Institutions of Sports and National and International Governing Bodies of
Olympic Games :

• Raj Kumari Amrit Kaur Coaching Scheme.

• Netaji Subash National Institute of Sports, Patiala (NSNIS, Patiala).
• Sports Authority of India (SAI).
• Indian Olympic Association (IOA).
• International Olympic Committee (IOC).

UNIT-V 12 Marks
Basics of Handball :

• History of the game.

• Basic fundamentals.
• Equipment and specifications.
• Marking/layout of court.
• Rules and regulations (number of players, duration of game, number of officials required
and general rules of play).
• Major tournaments and Arjuna Awardees of the game.

References :
1. Barrow, H. M. (1983) : “Man and Movements : Principles of
Physical Education”, Philadelphia, Lea and
Febiger.

2. Brar, R.S. Walia, R., Gill, M., Kanwar, : Fundamentals of physical education”
S., Kalta, S., & Thapa, A.S. (2011) Kalyani Publisher, Ludhiana, Punjab.

3. Bucher, C. A. (1979) : “Foundations of Physical Education,”

St. Louis C.V. Mosby Company.
4. Chauhan, S.S. (1985) : “Advanced Educational Psychology”, New
Print-India Pvt. Ltd., Sahibabad, U.P.
5. Khan, E. A. (1964) : “History of Physical Education,”
Scientific Book Company.
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 53

6. Murti K. & Ram, P. N. (1990) : “Educational Dimensions of Physical

Education”, 2ndRevised Edition, Print India,
New Delhi.

7. Moslon (1976) : “The Olympian”, Olympic House, Canada.

8. Puni, A.T. (1980) : “Sports Psychology”, An abridged

Translated by G.S.Sandhu, NIS, Patiala.
9. Sharma, P.D. (1996) : “Olympics : Athens to Atlanta, 1896-1996”,
Friends Publications (India) Delhi.

10. Sheldon, W.H. (1940) : “The Varieties of Human Physique”, New

York, Harper and Row Publishers.
11. Singh, Ajmer et al (2000) : “Modern Text Book of Physical Education,
Health and Sports”, Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiana.

12. Skinner, C. E. (1964) : “Educational Psychology”, 4th edition,

Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.

13. Narayanan T. C. and Hariharan : “An Analytical History of Physical Education”,

S. (1975) South India Press, Karaikudi.

PRACTICAL Max. Marks : 35

Practical : 30
Internal Assessment : 05
ATHLETICS
Sprints (Types of Start and Finish) :

(a) Crouch start-fixing of starting blocks, getting in and off the block, emphasizing on body
position, need of starting blocks in a sprint race.

(b) Practice of starts with starting blocks using proper commands.

(c) Training the students for correct running style.

(d) Practice of Finishing the sprint with different techniques.

(e) Rules and Regulations of Sprint races.

Middle Distance, Long Distance and Walking Events :

(a) Marking of standard tracks, width of lanes and starting points for various races.
(b) Practical of Standing Start.
(c) Correct running and walking style, emphasis on proper body position and foot placement.
(d) Running tactics.
(e) Rules of competition.
54 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Physical Fitness Tests : More emphasis shall be given on general physical fitness and principles of
physical exercises (Speed and agility).

Test 1 SPEED : 50 mts dash test.

Test 2 AGILITY : Shuttle run test.

Division of Practical Marks :

Marks for each activity shall be divided as under :

Athletics 15 marks, participation and achievement in Athletics 5 marks, Physical fitness 5 marks, viva
voce 5 marks and internal assessment 5 marks based on overall performance of a student during the
current academic session which will be assessed by the teacher concerned.

Note : 1. Polevault, Hammer Throw Hurdles, Relay Races and steeple chase men are not included in the
practical syllabus/course due to the fact that these events are highly technical. Moreover, in the
absence of proper facilities required for the events mentioned above may prove to be injurious/
fatal to the students.
2. 9 periods per week (6 periods for theory and 3 periods for practicals) shall be allotted to a Teacher
/class for each semester.
3. The theory and practical class shall consist of 60-80 students and 30-40 students
respectively.

4. The theory (Paper) shall consist of 65 marks and practical paper shall consist of 35 marks in
each semester.

5. A student shall be given a project work related with athletics.

 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 55

PHYSICAL EDUCATION
SEMESTER-II

THEORY
Max. Marks : 65
Theory : 60 marks
Internal Assessment : 05 marks
Time : 3 Hrs.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND STUDENTS :

(a) There shall be nine questions in all, spread over Five Units.
(b) First question/Unit is compulsory. It will contain six short answer type questions, spread over
the whole syllabus to be answered in brief. It will carry 12 marks i.e., two marks each question.
(c) Rest of the paper shall contain four Units for descriptive questions. Each Unit shall have two
questions and the students shall be given internal choice i.e. the students shall attempt one
question from each Unit.
(d) All questions/Units will carry equal marks.
(e) Private candidates and the students of the University School of Open Learning (USOL) are
not allowed to take this subject.
(f) The University paper shall be set in three languages i.e., English, Punjabi and Hindi.

UNIT-I 12 Marks
Entire syllabus given in the Units II to V will be covered to set six short answer type questions in first
question/Unit of the question paper which is compulsory.

UNIT-II 12 Marks
Cell:
• Meaning and definition of Anatomy & Physiology, Structure and Functions of a cell.

Skeletal System :
• Meaning and functions of skeletal system.
• Types of Bones and names of various bones of the body.
Muscular System :
• Introduction of Muscular system, structure and function of muscular system.
• Effect of short and long duration physical Exercise on the muscular system.
 56 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

UNIT-III 12 Marks

Warming up, Cooling down and Physical Fitness :

• Warming up and cooling down in sports and its singnificance

• Meaning, definition and components of Physical Fitness.
• Influence of age, sex, body composition, diet, climate, exercise and training on Physical Fitness.
Kho-kho:
• Historyof the game
• Basic fundamentals
• Equipment and specifications
• Marking/layout of court
• Rules and regulations (number of players, duration of game, number of officials required and
general rules of play); and
• Major tournaments and Arjuna Awardees of the game

UNIT-IV 12 Marks
Health & Health Education :

• Meaning and definition of health.

• Meaning, definition, objectives, scope, principles and importance of Health Education.
• Personal hygiene, its meaning and importance.
First Aid :
• Meaning and importance of First Aid in Physical Education and Sports with special reference to
Drowning, Dislocation of a joint, Fracture of bone, Sprain and Strain.

UNIT-V 12 Marks
Biological Basis of Physical Education :

• Growth and Development, Differences between growth and development.

• Factors affecting growth and development.
• Heredity and Environment and its effects on Growth and Development.
• Various stages of growth and development.
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 57

References :

1. Brar, R.S. walia, R., Gill, : Fundamentals of Physical Education” Kalyani Publisher,
M., Kanwar,S., Kalta, S., Ludhiana Punjab.
& Thapa, A.S. (2011)

2. Chaurasia, B.D. (1981) : "Handbook of General Anatomy", CBS Publishers and Distributors,
First Edition.

3. Dandiya, P.C., Jafer, Z., : "Health Education and Community Pharmacy", Vallabh Prakashan,
Y.K. & Afifa J. (1996) Pitampura, New Delhi.

4. Marley, W.P. (1982) : "Health and Physical Fitness", CBS College Publishing.

5. Mathews, D.K. and : "The Physiological Basis of Physical Education & Athletics", Second
Fox, E.L. (1976) Edition, W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.

6. Park, J.E. & Park, K. : "Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine”, 10th Edition,
(1985) Banarasi Dass Bhanot, Jabalpur, India.
7. Rose & Wilson : "Foundations of Anatomy and Physiology", 5th Edition.
(1981)
8. Sampath, K. & Maheshwar : "Human Anatomy & Physiology", First Edition, Birla Publications,
B.U. (1999) Delhi.

9. Dinshaw, S.F. (1997) : Fighting fit for ever. The Marine Sports Publishing Division, Bombay.

10. Shaphard, R.J. (1978) : "The Fit Athlete", Oxford University Press.

11. Larry, S.G. (1982) : Essential of exercise physiology. Surjeet Publications, Delhi, First
Indian Print.

12. Singh, Ajmer et. al. (2000) : Modern text book of physical education, health and sports, Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana.

13. Wilmore, J. H. (1997) : "Athletic Training and Physical Fitness", Allyn and Bacon, Inc.,
470, Atlantic Avenue, Boston, Messachusetts.
 58 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

PRACTICAL
Max. Marks : 35
Practical : 30 marks
Internal Assessment : 05 marks
Games :
Note : Volleyball or Kabaddi (NS) and any one game of the choice of the student (other than the two) which
should be confined to the list of games approved by the Association of Indian Universities.
Volleyball
(a) Measurements (volleyball court, net, poles, antenna and ball).
(b) Number and position of players and officials.
(c) Types of service (under arm service, side arm service and tennis service).
(d) Types of passes (under hand and over head pass).
(e) Rules of the game.

OR
Kabaddi (NS)
(a) Measurements (Kabaddi court for men and women).
(b) Number of players and officials.
(c) Fundamental offensive skills, touching with hand, leg thrust, front kick, side kick, Mule
kick, jump and dive counter.
(d) Defensive Skill (wrist catch, normal grip, ankle catch, knee catch and chain formation).
(e) Tactics : (a) getting bonus point (b) counter to bonus line crossing (c) Delaying tactics for
getting lona.

Physical Fitness Tests : More emphasis shall be given on general physical fitness and principles of
physical exercises (Speed and agility).
Test 1 SPEED : 50 mts dash test.
Test 2 AGILITY : Shuttle run test.
Division of Practical Marks :
Marks for each activity shall be divided as under : Games 15 marks, participation and achievement in
sports/games 5 marks, Physical fitness 5 marks, viva voce 5 marks and internal assessment 5 marks based
on overall performance of a student during the current academic session which will be assessed by the
teacher concerned.
Note : 1. The choice of games by the students shall be confined to the list of games approved by the
Association of Indian Universities.
2. 9 periods per week (6 periods for theory and 3 periods for practicals) shall be allotted to a
Teacher/class semester.
3. The theory and practical class shall consist of 60-80 students and 30-40 students
respectively.
4. The theory (Paper) shall consist of 65 marks and practical paper shall consist of 35 marks in
each semester.
5. A student shall be given a project work related with athletics.

……………………………
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 59

EDUCATION
SEMESTER – I
PAPER : EDUCATION AND SOCIETY
Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER :

The question paper will consist of five Units : I, II, III, IV and V. Units I, II, III and IV will have two
questions from the respective Units of the syllabus and will carry 18 marks each. Unit V will consist of
eight short answer type questions which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 18 marks in
all. Each short question will carry 3 marks.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATE :

The students will be required to attempt one question each from Units I, II, III and IV. The students are
required to attempt 6 short questions out of 8 in Unit V which will be compulsory. The question paper
should preferably carry internal division of marks for all the sub-questions of one main question.
Preferably set the words limit (300-350 words for Units I, II, III, IV and; 75 words for each short answer
type question in Unit V) for answer.
Objectives :
To enable the students to understand :
1. The Meaning, Nature and Scope of Education along with its types.
2. Functions of Education in light of its aims.
3. Role of Education viz-a-viz present day needs.

Course Contents :

UNIT-I : (a) Meaning and Nature of Education : Education as a Socio-Political Process and
Developmental Process.
(b) Informal, Formal and Non-Formal Education.
UNIT-II : (a) Aims of Education – Individual, Social, Vocational and Democratic.
(b) Functions of Education – Individual Development, Transmission of Cultural
Heritage and Education for Social Change.
UNIT-III : (a) Education for Democratic Citizenship.
(b) National Integration and International Understanding.
UNIT-IV : (a) Value Education –Meaning of Values, their Development
(b) Transactional Strategies.
60 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Books Recommended :
1. Bhatia, K.K. and : Teacher and Education in Emerging Indian Society, Tandon Publishers,
Narang, C.L. Ludhiana, 2002.
2. Bhatia, K.K. and : Bhartiya Shiksha Ki Adhunik Samasyaein, Parkash et al Bros.,
Sharma, S. Ludhiana, 1986.
3. Bhatnagar, Suresh : Kothari Commission Recommendations and Evaluation with a Text on
National Policy on Education, Loyal Book Depot, Meerut, 1982.
4. Govt. of India : National Policy on Education, Ministry of Human Resource
Development, New Delhi, 1986.
5. Govt. of India, : Report of Education Commission (1964-66)—Education and National
Ministry of Education Development.
6. Govt. of India, : Report of Secondary Education Commission (1952-53), New Delhi.
Ministry of Education
7. Gupta, S.P. : Sikhya de Sidhant ate Takneekan, Hans Book Depot, Faridkot, 1989.
8. Kansal, M.R. : Sikhya de Sidhant, Punjab State University Text Book Board,
Chandigarh.
9. Mathur, S. S. : Shiksha Sidhant, Vinod Pustak Mandir, Agra, 1981.
10. Sharma, T.R. : Sikhya de Sidhant, Punjabi University, Patiala.

11. Safaya, R.N. : Principles and Techniques of Education, Dhanpat Rai & Sons,
Jallandhar.
12. Yadav, H. S. et al : Adhunik Bhartiya Smaj Mein Shiksha, Tandon Publishers, Ludhiana,
1995.
13. Yadav & Yadav : Education in the Emerging Indian Society, Tandon Publications,
Ludhiana.
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 61

EDUCATION
SEMESTER – II

PAPER : EDUCATION AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER :

The question paper will consist of five Units : I, II, III, IV and V. Units I, II, III and IV will have two
questions from the respective Units of the syllabus and will carry 18 marks each. Unit V will consist of
eight short answer type questions which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 18 marks in
all. Each short question will carry 3 marks.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATE :
The students will be required to attempt one question each from Units I, II, III and IV. The students are
required to attempt 6 short questions out of 8 in Unit V which will be compulsory. The question paper
should preferably carry internal division of marks for all the sub-questions of one main question.
Preferably set the words limit (300-350 words for Units I, II, III, IV; and 75 words for each short answer
type question in Unit V) for answer.

Objectives :
To make the students understand :
1. The meaning, scope and uses of psychology in education.
2. Human growth and development upto the stage of childhood.
3. Meaning, purpose of learning and factors influencing learning.
4. The concept of intelligence - its meaning and measurements.
5. Causes and significance of individual differences.

Course Contents :

UNIT-I : (a) Educational Psychology : Meaning, Nature and Scope.

(b) Individual Differences – Causes, Significance and Educational Implications.

UNIT-II : (a) Nature of Human Growth and Development – Physical, Mental, Emotional and Social.
(b) Stages of Human Development : Infancy and Childhood, their Needs, Significance
and Problems.

UNIT-III : (a) Learning : Meaning and Definition.

(b) Theories of Learning - Trial and Error by Thorndike and Classical Conditioning
by Pavlov.

UNIT-IV : (a) Intelligence : Meaning, Types

(b) Measurement of Intelligence.
62 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Books Recommended :

1. Aggarwal, J.C. : Essentials of Educational Psychology, Vikas Publishing House, Private

Ltd., New Delhi, 1995.

2. Bhatia, H.R. : A Textbook of Educational Psychology, Asia Publishing House, New Delhi,
1977.

3. Bhatnagar, S. : Shiksha Manovigyan, International Publishing House, Meerut, 1977.

4. Dhingra, R. : Educational Psychology and Guidance, Punjab Katab Ghar, Jallandhar.

5. Kagan, J. and : Psychology and Education, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., New York,
Lang, C. 1978.
6. Kundu, D. : Modern Educational Psychology, Sterling Publishers (P.) Ltd., New Delhi,
1974.

7. Kuppuswamy, : Advanced Educational Psychology, Sterling Publishers (P.) Ltd., New

B. Delhi, 1994.

8. Mangal, S.K. : Advanced Educational Psychology, Prentice Hall of India Ltd., New Delhi,
2002.

9. Mathur, S.S. : Educational Psychology, Vinod Pustak Mandir, Agra, 1998.

10. Sandhu, I.K. and : Shikhya Manovigyan, Punjabi University, Patiala, 1976.
Kaur, A.
11. Walia, J. S. : Foundations of Educational Psychology, Paul Publishers, Jallandhar, 2001.

……………………
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 63

ADULT EDUCATION
SEMESTER-I

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 45 marks
Internal Assessment : 05 marks
Practical : 45
Internal Assessment : 05 marks
Time : 3 Hours
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER :
The question paper will consist of five Units : I, II, III, IV and V. Units I, II, III and IV will have two
questions from the respective Units of the syllabus and will carry 9 marks each. Unit V will consist of
6 short answer type questions which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 9 marks in all.
Each short question will carry 1½ marks comprising 6 question.
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATE :
The students will be required to attempt one question each from Units I, II, III and IV. The students are
required to attempt 6 short questions out of 8 in Unit V which will be compulsory. The question paper
should preferably carry internal division of marks for all the sub-questions of one main question.

OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE :

The main objectives of the paper are :

1. To introduce students with meaning, scope and components of adult education.

2. To provide an overview of history of adult education.

3. To equip students with objectives, strategies and implementation of National Literacy Mission’s
Programs.

4. To acquaint students with structuring of teaching – learning environment for an adult learner.
5. To explain to students the various forms of Adult Education.

THEORY :-

UNIT-I : Adult Education : Concept, Meaning, Brief History during Post-Independence Period.

UNIT-II : Scope and Components of Adult Education i.e. Literacy, Numeracy, Awareness and
Functionality.

UNIT-III : National Literacy Mission : Objectives, Strategies and Implementation.

UNIT-IV : Sakshar Bhart Mission- Objectives Strategies and Implementation.

 64 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

PRACTICAL/ FIELD WORK:

Participation of the students in the following and preparation of Project Report :

Survey of the Village/Area : General information regarding the village; its Economic, Social and
Cultural Activities : Needs and Problems.

The break up of 50 marks allotted to practical is as under : External Internal

(i) Viva-Voce 15 marks

(ii) Written questions based on the Project 10 marks 5
(iii) Project Report 20 marks

The Project Report must be submitted 15 days in advance from the date/s of practical examination, to the
Principal of the concerned College/Institution.

Books Recommended:

1. Datta, S.C. : Adult Education in India, Indian Adult Education Association,

New Delhi, 1986.
2. Directorate of Adult Education : The National Adult Education Programme, 1978.
3. Directorate of Adult Education, : Training of Adult Education Functionaries 1-4, D.A.E., 1980
Ministry of Education, Govt. of
India
4. Directorate of Adult Education : Fifty Years of Adult Education in India.
5. Dept. of Education, Ministry of : National Literacy Mission, 1988.
Human Resource Development,
Govt. of India
6. Kundu, C.L : Adult Education : Principles, Practices and Prospectus,
Sterling Publishers, Delhi, 1984.
7. Mali, M.G. : Adult Education in India, Deep and Deep Publication,
New Delhi, 1984.
8. Mathur, B.M. : Adult Education & Social Change, The Associated Publishers,
Ambala Cantt., 1989.
9. Pangotra, N.N. : Adult Education, Project through Universities and Colleges,
CACEE, Panjab University, 1987.
10. Sharma, I.P. : Adult Education in India, National Book Organization, 1985.

11. Singh, Sohan : History of Adult Education, The Indian Adult Education
Association, New Delhi, 1957.
12. Styler, W.E. : Adult Education in India, Oxford University Press, 1986.

13. Yadav, R.S. : Adult Education Training & Productivity, The Indian
Publications, Ambala Cantt., 1991.
 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 65

ADULT EDUCATION
SEMESTER-II
Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 45 marks
Internal Assessment : 05 marks
Practical : 45
Internal Assessment : 05 marks
Time : 3 Hours

UNIT-I : Structuring Teaching Learning Environment for Adult Learners : Identification of Areas.
Survey of the Community, Identification of Learners.

U N I T - I I : Campaign for enrolment of Adult Learning, enrolment of the learners and day-to-day
functioning of Adult Education Centre, Involvement of Community & Developmental
Agencies.

UNIT-III : Various forms of Adult Education i.e. Social Education, Community Education.

UNIT- IV : Basic Education and Life Long Education.

PRACTICAL/FIELD WORK :
Participation of the students in the following and preparation of Project Report :
1. Preparation of profile of the area.
2. Organization of Adult Education Centres for Basic Literacy Development.

The break up of 50 marks allotted to practical is as under :

External Internal

(i) Viva-Voce 15 marks

(ii) Written questions based on the Project 10 marks 5
(iii) Project Report 20 marks

The Project Report must be submitted 15 days in advance from the date/s of practical examination, to the
Principal of the concerned College/Institution.

Books Recommended :

1. Datta, S.C. : Adult Education in India, Indian Adult Education Association,

New Delhi, 1986.

2. Directorate of Adult Education : The National Adult Education Programme, 1978.

3. Directorate of Adult Education, : Training of Adult Education Functionaries 1-4, D.A.E., 1980
Ministry of Education, Govt. of
India
4. Directorate of Adult Education : Fifty Years of Adult Education in India.

.
 66 B.A./B.Sc.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

5. Dept. of Education, Ministry of : National Literacy Mission, 1988.

Human Resource Development,
Govt. of India

6. Kundu, C.L : Adult Education : Principles, Practices and Prospectus,

Sterling Publishers, Delhi, 1984.

7. Mali, M.G. : Adult Education in India, Deep and Deep Publication,

New Delhi, 1984.

8. Mathur, B.M. : Adult Education & Social Change, The Associated

Publishers, Ambala Cantt., 1989.

9. Pangotra, N.N. : Adult Education, Project through Universities and

Colleges, CACEE, Panjab University, 1987.

10. Sharma, I.P. : Adult Education in India, National Book Organization, 1985.

11. Singh, Sohan : History of Adult Education, The Indian Adult Education
Association, New Delhi, 1957.

12. Styler, W.E. : Adult Education in India, Oxford University Press, 1986.

13. Yadav, R.S. : Adult Education Training & Productivity, The Indian
Publications, Ambala Cantt., 1991.

…………………………
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 67

MUSIC (Vocal)
SEMESTER – I

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS :
1. In case of the private candidates, there will be no internal assessment and the marks obtained in the
external assessment of the practical examination shall be proportionately increased.

2. There should not be more than eight students in a batch for practical examination.

3. In all, nine questions will be set. The question paper will be divided into five Units. Four Units will
contain two questions each and the candidates are required to attempt four questions selecting at least
one question from each Unit. The Unit fifth based on notation will contain only one compulsory
question.

4. Harmonium will not be allowed as accompaniment in vocal music, but harmonium can be used while
singing Alankars.

5. The candidate can take vocal music along with instrumental music.

6. The candidate can also take instrumental music with tabla.

7. Practical paper shall be set from the syllabus.

8. There would be upto 10 students in one section.

THEORY (3 Hours duration) 45 Marks

PRACTICAL (20 minutes duration) 45 Marks

(i) Choice & Viva : 35 Marks

(ii) Harmonium : 05 Marks
(iii) Tabla : 05 Marks

Internal Assessment (Theory + Practical) (05 + 05) : 10 Marks

Total : 100 Marks

THEORY

Unit-I

1. Various development (in brief) in the History of North Indian Music of Post Independence Period.
2. Elementary knowledge of Raga
3. Different Jaties of Ragas of the Present Raga System of North Indian Music
68 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Unit-II

1. Sangeet: (Definition and Importance)

2. Elementary knowledge of the following Musical terms (not more than 100 words):
Shruti, Swara (Shudh & Vikrit), Saptak, Alankar

3. Brief life sketche and contributions of:

Pt. Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande.

Unit-III
1. Brief description of Tanpura.
2. Definitions and types of Khayal.

Unit-IV

1. Description of Ragas and Taals prescribed in the course:

. (i) Ragas prescribed in the course :

Kafi, Bhopali
(ii) Taals prescribed in the course along with notations:
(Single + Double) Teen taal, Dadra

2. Knowledge of Non-detailed Raga: Deshkar

Unit-V

To write the notation of the prescribed ragas:

Kafi, Bhopali.

PRACTICAL
1. One Drut Khayal in each of the following Ragas with Alaps and Tanas:
Kafi, Bhopali

2. One Sargamgeet in any of the prescribed ragas

3. Ability to play Dadra Taal on Tabla

4. Ability to recite bols of the taal prescribed in the course in Thah and Dugun by hand:
Teen taal, Dadra

5. Ability to play on Harmonium at least three alankaras based on Shudh and Vikrit
swaras and sing alongwith it.

6. Knowledge of the following Non-detailed Raga: Ability to sing Aroh, Avroh and Pakad - Deshkar
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 69

Books Recommended:

1. Sangeet Bodh : Paranjpe, Shartchandra Shridhar.

2. Sangeet Shastra Vigyan : Panna Lal Madan.

3. Sangeet Sar Part (I) : Mrs. Veena Mankaran.

4. Raga Vigyan, Part I to IV : Pt. V.N. Patwardhan.

5. Hamare Sangeet Ratan : Sangeet Karayalaya, Hathras.

6. Sangeetanjali Part I to IV : Pt. Onkar Nath Thakur.

7. Kramik Pustak Mallika Part I to III : Pt. V.N. Bhatkhande.

8. Sangeet Granth Te Bharti : Chander Kanta Khosla.

Sangeet Da Itihas

9. Sangeet Kaumudi Part II : V.S. Nigam.

10. Sangeet Shastra Darpan Part II : Shanti Goverdhan.

------------------------
70 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

MUSIC (Vocal)
SEMESTER-II

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

1. In case of the private candidates, there will be no internal assessment and the marks obtained in the
external assessment of the practical examination shall be proportionately increased.

2. There should not be more than eight students in a batch for practical examination.

3. In all, nine questions will be set. The question paper will be divided into five Units. Four Units will
contain two questions each and the candidates are required to attempt four questions selecting at least
one question from each Unit. The Unit fifth based on notation will contain only one compulsory
question.

4. Harmonium will not be allowed as accompaniment in vocal music, but harmonium can be used while
singing Alankars.

5. The candidate can take vocal music along with instrumental music.

6. The candidate can also take instrumental music with tabla.

7. Practical paper shall be set from the syllabus.

8. There would be upto 10 students in one section.

THEORY (3 Hours duration) 45 Marks

PRACTICAL (20 minutes duration) 45 Marks

(i) Choice & Viva : 35 Marks

(ii) Harmonium : 05 Marks
(iii) Tabla : 05 Marks

Internal Assessment (Theory + Practical) (05 + 05) : 10 Marks

THEORY

Unit-I

1. Knowledge of Bhatkhande Thaat Paddhati

2. Knowledge of Dhrupad
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 71

Unit-II

1. Elementary knowledge of the following Musical terms (not more than 100 words):
Matra, Avartan, Sam, Tali, Khali, Vibhag

2. Brief life sketch and contributions of :

Pt. Vishnu Digambar Paluskar.
3. Study of Nad
Unit-III

1. Importance of Laya & Taal in Music

2. Bhatkhande Notation System
Unit-IV

1. Description of Ragas and Taals prescribed in the course.

2. (i) Ragas prescribed in the course :

Yaman, Bageshri
(ii) Taals prescribed in the course along with notations:
(Single + Double) Ektal, Kehrwa

3. Knowledge of Non-detailed Raga: Bhairav [[

Unit-V

To write the notation of drut khyal in prescribed ragas:

Yaman, Bageshri,

PRACTICAL

1. One Drut Khayal in each of the following Ragas with Alaps and Tanas :
Yaman, Bageshri
2. One Vilambit Khayal in any of the prescribed Ragas.

3. Ability to play Teen taal on Tabla

4. Ability to recite bols of the taals prescribed in the course in Thah and Dugun by hand:
Ek taal, Dadra

5. Ability to play on Harmonium at least three alankaras based on Shudh and Vikrit swars and
sing alongwith it.

6. Knowledge of the following Non-detailed Raga : Ability to sing Aroh, Avroh and Pakad —
Bhairav.
72 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Books Recommended:

1. Sangeet Bodh : Paranjpe, Shartchandra Shridhar.

2. Sangeet Shastra Vigyan : Panna Lal Madan.

3. Sangeet Sar Part (I) : Mrs. Veena Mankaran.

4. Raga Vigyan, Part I to IV : Pt. V.N. Patwardhan.

5. Hamare Sangeet Ratan : Sangeet Karayalaya, Hathras.

6. Sangeetanjali Part I to IV : Pt. Onkar Nath Thakur.

7. Kramik Pustak Mallika Part I to III : Pt. V.N. Bhatkhande.

8. Sangeet Granth Te Bharti : Chander Kanta Khosla.

Sangeet Da Itihas

9. Sangeet Kaumudi Part II : V.S. Nigam.

10. Sangeet Shastra Darpan Part II : Shanti Goverdhan.

-----------------
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 73

MUSIC (Instrumental)

SEMESTER-I

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS :

1. In case of the private candidates, there will be no internal assessment and the marks obtained in the
external assessment of the practical examination shall be proportionately increased.

2. There should not be more than eight students in a batch for practical examination.

3. In all, nine questions will be set. The question paper will be divided into five Units. Four Units will
contain two questions each and the candidates are required to attempt four questions selecting at least
one question from each Unit. The Unit fifth based on notation will contain only one compulsory
question

4. In Instrumental Music, the candidates have the option to take any one of the following instruments :
Sitar, Sarangi, Veena, Sarod, Dilruba, Violin, Guitar, Bansuri, Shahnai

5. The candidate can take vocal music along with instrumental music

6. The candidate can also take instrumental music with Tabla

7. Practical paper shall be set from the syllabus

8. There would be up to ten students in one section

THEORY (3 Hours duration) 45 Marks

PRACTICAL (20 minutes duration) 45 Marks

(i) Viva : 35 Marks

(ii) Harmonium : 05 Marks

05 Marks
(iii) Tabla :

Internal Assessment (Theory + Practical) (05 + 05) : 10 Marks

74 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

THEORY

Unit – I

1. Various developments (in brief) in the History of North Indian Music of Post Independence Period.

2. Knowledge of different parts of your own instrument.

Unit – II

1. Elementary knowledge of the following terms (not more than 100 words) :
Swara, Saptak, Alankar. Aron, Avroh, Pakad
2. Elementary knowledge of Bhatkhande Notation System.

Unit – III

1. Detail study of Sangeet of Indian Music.

2. Detail definition and explanation of Jaties of Ragas.

Unit – IV

1. Description of the prescribed ragas and taals :

i) Bhopali,
ii) Dadra & Teen taal.
iii) Ten Alankars of Shudh & Vikrit Swaras

2. Description of the non-detailed raga :

Deshkar
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 75

Unit-V

1. To write Alankara in Taal

2. To write the notation of Razakhani gat of raga Bhopali.

PRACTICAL

1. Demonstration of different Alankars of Shudh & Vikrit Swaras on your instrument.

2. One Razakhani gat of raga Bhopali

3. Knowledge of the non-detailed raga :

Deshkar (only Aroh-Avroh and Pakad).

4. Ability to demonstrate the following taals by hand in Ekgun and Dugun layakaries: Dadra, Teen taal
5. Ability to play Shudh-Swaras on Harmonium.

6. Ability to play National Anthem on your own instruments

Books Recommended :

Rag Parichaya Part II and III : H.C. Srivastava.

Sangeet Kaumudi Part-II (Punjabi) : V.S. Nigam

Sitar Marg, Part-II : S. Bandopadhya.

Sangeet Sar, Part-I : Mrs. Veena Mankaran.

Sangeetanjali, Part I & IV : Pt. Onkar Nath Thakur.

Sangeet Manjusha : Dr. Indrani Chakravarti.

…………………
76 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

MUSIC (Instrumental)

SEMESTER-II

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

1. In case of the private candidates, there will be no internal assessment and the marks obtained in the
external assessment of the practical examination shall be proportionately increased.

2. There should not be more than eight students in a batch for practical examination.

3. In all, nine questions will be set. The question paper will be divided into five Units. Four Units will
contain two questions each and the candidates are required to attempt four questions selecting at
least one question from each Unit. The Unit fifth based on notation will contain only one
compulsory question.

4. In Instrumental Music, the candidates have the option to take any one of the following instruments :
Sitar, Sarangi, Veena, Sarod, Dilruba, Violin, Guitar, Bansuri, Shahnai.

5. The candidate can take vocal music along with instrumental music.

6. The candidate can also take instrumental music with Tabla.

7. Practical paper shall be set from the syllabus.

8. There would be up to ten students in one section.

THEORY (3 Hours duration) 45 Marks

PRACTICAL (20 minutes duration) 45 Marks

(i) Viva : 35 Marks

(ii) Harmonium 05 Marks

:
(iii) Tabla : 05 Marks

Internal Assessment (Theory + Practical) (05 + 05) : 10 Marks

 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 77

THEORY

Unit-I

1. History of your own Instrument.

2. Study of Nada

Unit-II

1. Elementary knowledge of the following terms (not more than 150 words) :
Masetkhani Gat, Razakhani Gat, Tora, Jhala

2. Knowledge of Bhatkhande’s Thaat Paddhati.

Unit-III

1. Knowledge of Laya and Taal.

2. Brief life sketches and their contributions to Indian Music of the following :
(i) Pt. Ravi Shanker
(ii) Ustad Hafiz Ali Khan

Unit-IV

1. Description of the prescribed ragas and taal :

Yaman, Kafi
Teen taal, Kehrwa Taal

Unit-V

1. To write the notation of Razakhani gat of raga Kafi & Yaman with three toras.
2. One Maseetkhani gat.
78 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

PRACTICAL

1. One Maseetkhani gat in any rag of your course.

2. Razakhani gats with toras & Jhala in the following ragas :-

Kafi, Yaman

3. Ability to demonstrate the following talas by hand in Ekgun and Dugun layakaries: Talas :
Teen taal, Kehrwa
4. Ability to play Teen taal on Tabla

5. Ability to play Aroh, Avron of Rag Yaman & Kafi on Harmonium.

Books Recommended:

1. Rag Parichaya Part II and III : H.C. Srivastava.

2. Sangeet Kaumudi Part-II (Punjabi) : V.S. Nigam

3. Sitar Marg, Part-II : S. Bandopadhya.

4. Sangeet Sar, Part-I : Mrs. Veena Mankaran.

5. Sangeetanjali, Part I & IV : Pt. Onkar Nath Thakur.

6. Sangeet Manjusha : Dr. Indrani Chakravarti.

----------------------
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 79

TABLA (Instrumental)

SEMESTER – I

GENERAL INSTRUCTION:

1. In case of the private candidates, there will be no internal assessment and the marks obtained in the
external assessment of the practical examination shall be proportionately increased.
2. In all, nine questions will be set from the whole syllabus of Semester-I. The question paper will be
divided into five Units. First four units will contain two questions each, out of which the candidates are to
attempt one question from each Unit, fifth based on notation will be compulsory. Thus in all, the
candidates are required to attempt five questions.
3. Harmonium/ Sarangee will be allowed to play Nagma/Lehra. No electronic Lehra machine will be
allowed for practical examination.
4. Practical Paper shall be set from the syllabus for Paper-B (Practical).

THEORY (Time duration-3 Hours) 45 Marks

PRACTICAL (20 minutes duration). 45 Marks

(i) Viva 30 Marks

(ii) Harmonium 05 Marks
(iii) Tabla (Tuning) 05 Marks
(iv) Padhant on Hand 05 Marks

Internal Assessment ( Theory+Practical) (05+05) 10 Marks

Total: 100 Marks

THEORY

UNIT-I

(a) Define - : Dahina, Bayan, Palli, Kinar, Syahi

(b) Explain the following:
Laya, Matra, Vibhag, Tali
(c) Brief Introduction of Bhatkhande Tala notation system.

UNIT-II

(a) Description of playing techniques of Ten Varnas.

(b) Definition with example of the following:
Tihai, Mukhra, Mohra and SimpleTukra.
(c) Definition of Thah and Dugun.
 80 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

UNIT-III

(a) Importance of Taal in Music.

(b) A structural study of the following Instruments:
Dholak, Naal and Pakhawaj.
(c) Definition of Avanaddha Vadyas.

UNIT-IV

(a) Definition of Baaj and Gharana.

(b) Detail playing techniques of Delhi Gharana and its Kayda.
(c) Life sketches and contribution of the following artists:
- Ustad Siddhar Khan
- Ustad Nathoo Khan

UNIT-V

Ability to write in notation the composition prescribed in Teen Taal, Chautaal.( Kayda, Simple Tukra, Tihai).

PRACTICAL

(a) Taals Prescribed Teen Taal, Chautaal, Kehrwa

(b) Laggi in Kehrwa Taal and its variety.
(c) Teen Taal (Peshkara, Two Paltas, Two Kaydas, Two Mukhra
(d) Chautaal (Theka in Thah and Dugun)
(e) Practice of playing the above Taals with Vocal and Instrumental performances.
(f) Ability to play Nagma/Lehra on Harmonium in Teen Taal.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 81

TABLA (Instrument)

SEMESTER-II

GENERAL INSTRUCTION:

1. In case of the private candidates, there will be no internal assessment and the marks obtained in the
external assessment of the practical examination shall be proportionately increased.
2. In all, nine questions will be set from the whole syllabus of Semester-II. The question paper will be
divided into five Units. First four units will contain two questions each, out of which the candidates are
to attempt one question from each Unit, fifth unit based on notation will be compulsory. Thus in all, the
candidates are required to attempt five questions.

3. Harmonium/Sarangee will be allowed to play Nagma/Lehra. No electronic Lehra machine will be

allowed for practical examination.
4. Practical Paper shall be set from the syllabus for Paper-B (Practical).
5. All syllabus included of Semester-I.

THEORY (Time duration-3 Hours) 45 Marks

PRACTICAL (20 minutes duration). 45 Marks

(i) Viva 30 Marks

(ii) Harmonium 05 Marks
(iii) Tabla (Tuning) 05 Marks
(iv) Padhant on Hand 05 Marks

Internal Assessment ( Theory+Practical) (05+05) 10 Marks

Total:100 Marks

Theory

UNIT- I

(a) Define- Lav (maidan), Baddhee, Gatta, Gudri (Yaduri)

(b) Explain the following:
Khali, Sum, Avartan and Theka.
(c) Detail Introduction of Bhatkhande Taal Notation system and writing of Taals in Bhatkhande Notation
system.

UNIT- II
(a) Playing techniques of ten Varnas : Sanyukta & Asanyukta Varnas.
(b) Define with examples of the following:
Quaida (Kayda), Rela, Peshkar and Paran.
(c) Definition of Chougun and Athgun.
 82 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

UNIT- III

(a) Importance of Taal in Music & Dance.

(b) Avanaddha Vadyas and their importance in Music.
(c) A structural study of the following:
Khol, Khanjari, Damru

UNIT- IV

(a) Definition of Gharana and brief history of Delhi and Ajrada Gharana of Tabla Vadan.
(b) Detail playing techniques and characteristics of Delhi and Ajrada Gharana.
(c) Life sketches and contribution of the following artists:
- Ustad Habibuddin Khan
- Pt. Beeroo Mishra

UNIT- V

Ability to write in notation the composition prescribed in Teen Taal and Ektaal (Simple and Chakradar Tukra,
Paran, Mukhra.

PRACTICAL

(a) Taals prescribed Dadra, Ektaal, Teen Taal

(b) Laggi in Dadra and Kehrwa Taal.
(c) Ektaal (One Qaida, Two Tukra, Two Tihai, One Paran)
(d) Teen Taal (One Rela, one chakradar Paran, One Tukra, One Mohra)
(e) Practice of Dholak playing in Kehrwa Taal.
(f) Ability to play Nagma/Lehra on Harmonium in Ektaal.
(g) Tuning of Tabla.

Books Recommended:

1. Taal Prabhakar Prashnottari : G.C. Srivastava.

2. Tabla Tarang : B.S. Nigam
3. Taal Prakash : Sangeet Karyalaya, Hathras.
4. Avanaddha Vadya : M.P. Sharma
5. Hamare Sangeet Ratan : Sangeet Karyalaya, Hathras.
6. Tabla ki Utpatti Evam Vikas : Yogmaya Shukla
7. Tabla Vadan Part-1 : Jagmohan Sharma
8. Taal Parichay Part-1 : G.C. Srivastava.

…………………………..
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 83

INDIAN CLASSICAL DANCE

SEMESTER-I

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

1 In case of the private candidates, there will be no internal assessment and the marks obtained in the
external assessment of the practical examination shall be proportionately increased.
2 In all, nine questions will be set from the whole syllabus of Semester-II. The question paper will be
divided into five Units. First four units will contain two questions each, out of which the candidates are
to attempt one question from each Unit, fifth unit based on notation will be compulsory. Thus in all, the
candidates are required to attempt five questions.
3 No electronic Instruments will be allowed for practical examination.
4 Practical Paper shall be set from the syllabus for Paper-B (Practical).
5 There would be upto 10 students in one section

THEORY (Time duration 3 hours.) 45 Marks

PRACTICAL (20 minutes duration) 45 Marks
Internal assessment (Theory and Practical) (5 + 5) 10 Marks

Theory
Unit –I
(a) Origin of Tandava
(b) Four Neck movements
(c) Eight eye glances
Unit-II
(a) Define Mudra. Just name Asamyukta Mudras based on Abhinaya Darpan.
(b) Definition of Folk Dance.
(c) Brief study of Kathak Dance in ancient period .

Unit-III
(a) Definition of the following terms:
Tora, Salami, Thaat, Tehai, Amad,
(b) Advantages of dance
(c) Life sketch of Pt. Uday Shankar

Unit-IV
(a) A study of two Folk Dances of Panjab, their costumes and background music.
(b) A study of two Folk Dances of Haryana, their costumes and background music.
Unit- V
(a) Notation of Nagma in Teen Taal
(b) Notation of Tatkar and Theka in Ekgun, Dugun and Chaugun laykaries
(c) Notation of Salami, Tora, Amad and Tihai in Teen taal.
 84 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Practical

(a) Teen Taal:

I Tatkar in Ekgun, Dugun and Chaugun laykaries
II Salami - 1
III Amad - 1
IV Tora - 4
V Tihai - 1
(b) Practice on hand of above mentioned material in Teen Taal – prescribed in Part-A.
(c) Theka of Teentaal on hand in Ekgun & Dugun laykaries
(d) Theka of Teentaal on table
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 85

INDIAN CLASSICAL DANCE

SEMESTER –II

GENERAL INSTRUCTION:

1. In case of the private candidates, there will be no internal assessment and the marks obtained in the
external assessment of the practical examination shall be proportionately increased.
2. In all, nine questions will be set from the whole syllabus of Semester-II. The question paper will be
divided into five Units. First four units will contain two questions each, out of which the candidates are
to attempt one question from each Unit, fifth unit based on notation will be compulsory. Thus in all, the
candidates are required to attempt five questions.
3. Harmonium/ Sarangi will be allowed to play Nagma/Lehra. No electronic Lehra machine will be
allowed for practical examination.
4. Practical Paper shall be set from the syllabus for Paper-B (Practical).
5. All syllabi including Semester-I.

THEORY (Time duration 3 hours.) 45 Marks

PRACTICAL (20 minutes duration) 45 Marks
Internal assessment (Theory and Practical) (5 + 5) 10 Marks

Theory

Unit –I

(a) Study of Lasya Dance.

(b) Six Eyebrow movements.
(c) Nine Head movements.
Unit-II

(a) Detail knowledge of Samyukta Mudras based on Abhinaya Darpan.

(b) Definition of Classical Dance.
(c) Detailed study of Kathak in mughal period.

Unit-III

(a) A study of four Folk Dances of Punjab.

(b) A study of four Folk Dances of Haryana.
(c) Knowledge of costumes and background music of Punjabi and Haryanvi Folk Dances.

Unit IV

(a) Brief study of Abhinaya and its various parts.

(b) Life sketch of Pt. Narayan Prasad.
(c) Definition of Nritta and Nritya.
 86 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Unit V

(a) Notation of Theka of Jhaptaal in Ekgun, Dugun and Chougun laykaries.

(b) Notation of Tatkar, Tora and Amad in Jhaptaal.
(c) Notation of Thaat, Tora, Tehai and Kavit in Teen Taal.

Practical

(a) Teen Taal:

i. Tatkar in Teentaal in Ekgu, Dugun and Chougun laykaries.
ii. Thaat - 1
iii. Tora - 2
iv. Kavitt - 1
v. Tihai

(b) Jhaptaal:-
i. Tatkar in Ekgun, Dugun and Chaugun laykaries.
ii. Tora - 2
iii. Amad - 1

(c) Practice of prescribed material in both the taals on hand

(d) Practical knowledge of Asamyukta Mudras.
(e) Ability to play nagma in teen taal on Harmonium.
(f) Ability to play theka of Jhaptaal on Tabla

…………………………..
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 87

FINE ARTS
SEMESTER – I

Theory (History of Art)

Max. Marks : 60
Written Paper : 54 Marks
Internal Assessment : 06 Marks
Total : 60 Marks
Note :
The paper-setter is required to set 9 questions in all. The candidate is to attempt 5 questions as per the
instructions given in the question paper.

The first question shall be of short answer type containing 9 questions, spread over the whole syllabus.
Each question is to be answered in about 25 to 30 words. It shall carry 18 marks and shall be a
Compulsory question.

8 questions are to be set from the entire syllabus consisting of 4 Units. Two questions will be set from
each Unit and the candidates shall be given internal choice i.e. a candidate shall attempt one question from
each Unit. So, the candidate shall attempt 4 questions in all out of 8 questions. Each question would be of
9 marks.

Objectives :
The aim of the paper is to introduce to the students various schools, styles and phases of the developments
in painting and sculpture in India and the West. The emphasis will be to make them aware of the different
terms, concepts, forms and subject matter of these works.

Unit-I : History of Indian Painting

• Pre-historic paintings from Bhim–Betka .

• Ajanta Cave Painting: Shaddanta Jataka, Padmapani, Avalokitesvara, Dying Princess, Mahajanaka
Jataka, Decorative ceiling panels from Cave No. 2.

Unit-II : History of Indian Sculpture

• Indus Valley Civilization - Seals, Metal Dancing Girl, Red Sandstone Torso, Bust of Priest from
Mohenjodaro.

• Mauryan Art: Rampurva Bull Capital, Lion Capital from Sarnath, Didarganj Yakshi.

Unit-III : History of Western Art

• Pre-historic Art - Wounded Bison (Altamira), Venus of Willendorf.

• Egyptian Art - Palette of King Narmer, Seated Scribe.

• Greek Art - Standing Youth, Discobolus, Laocoon Group.

88 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Unit-IV : Definition of Key Terms and General Concepts

• Colour: Colour Theory, Colour wheel, Colour terminology and meaning of colour, Line - different types
of lines and its meaning, Perspective: Linear and Aerial, Foreshortening.

Pedagogy :

The students are expected to familiarize themselves with the art forms as seen from the books, slides and
related films.

Suggested Readings :

1. Kramrisch, Stella : Survey of Painting in the Deccan, Oriental Books Corporation, New
Delhi, 1983.
2. Majumdar, R.C. (editor) : The History and Culture of Indian People, Vols. I, II and III (Sculpture
and Painting Sections only) Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan, Bombay, 1988,
1990, 1996.
3. Gupte and Mahajan : Ajanta, Ellora and Aurangabad Caves, D.B. Taraporevala Sons & Co.
Pvt. Ltd., Bombay, 1962.
4. Rowland, Benjamin : The Art and Architecture of India, Penguin Books, Great Britain, 1959.

5. Saraswati, S.K. : A Survey of Indian Sculpture, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt.

Ltd., New Delhi, 1975.
6. Ray, N.R. : An Approach to Indian Art, Publication Bureau, Panjab University,
Chandigarh, 1974.
7. Barrett, D. and Gray, B : Painting of India, The World Publishing Co., Ohio, 1963.
8. Archer, W.G. : India and Modern Art, George Allen & Unwin Limited, London,
1959.
9. Brown, Percy : Indian Painting under the Mughals, Cosmo Publications, New Delhi,
1981.
10. Aggarwala,V.S. : Heritage of Indian Art, Publications Division, Ministry of Information
& Broadcasting, Govt. of India, New Delhi, 1976.
11. Aggarwala,V.S. : Indian Art (English), Varanasi, 1965.

12. Aggarwala,V.S. : Bhartiya Kala (Hindi), Prithvi Prakashan, 1977.

13. Read, Herbert : Meaning of Art, Faber & Faber, London, 1972.

14. Janson, H.W. : History of Art, Thames & Hudson, London, 2001.

15. Gardener, Helen : Art Through the Ages, Harcourt Brace & Co., U.S.A., 1991.

16. Gombrich, E.H. : The Story of Art, Phaidon Press Limited, New York, 1995.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 89

PRACTICAL

This paper consists of three sections :

1. Still Life Study Max. Marks : 30 Max.Time: 5 hours

2. Drawing from Life Max. Marks : 30 Max.Time: 5 hours

3. Landscape Painting (on the spot) Max.Marks: 30 Max.Time: 5 hours

Total : 90 Marks

SECTION-I

Still Life Study ( 30 Marks)

1. Drawing and Painting of a number of objects and to study the proportion, volume and rhythmic
relationship of masses, study and rendering of texture of different objects.
2. Number of objects : Three objects with display at the back.
3. Medium : Pencil, charcoal or Pastel colours.
4. Size : ½ Imperial sheet

SECTION-II

Drawing from Life (30 Marks)

1. Portrait : From Live Model or Cast in Monochrome

2. Medium: Pencil Shading, charcoal
3. Size: ½ Imperial size sheet.
4. Emphasis should be on structure, proportion, foreshortening, Textural Values, Posture & Individuality of
the model.

SECTION-III

Landscape Painting (on the spot) (30 Marks)

1. Landscape painting: Study relationship of objects, their arrangements in the foreground, middle and
distance, texture, relative size of masses, tones and colours, use of linear and aerial perspective.
2. Medium : Pencil Sketching or Pastel, Pencil colours.
3. Size : ½ Imperial sheet

SESSIONAL MARKS : 50 (Based on work related equally to 3 sections).

Sessional marks will be given on the basis of the work done during the session in all the three sections. At
least, three works will be submitted in each section. Sessional marks shall be given by external and internal
examiners jointly. In case of difference of opinion, marking may be done separately by each examiner giving
marks out of 50% of the aggregate of the sessional marks.
90 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

FINE ARTS
SEMESTER – II

Theory (History of Art)

Max. Marks : 60
Written Paper : 54 Marks
Internal Assessment : 06 Marks
Total : 60 Marks
Note :
The paper-setter is required to set 9 questions in all. The candidate is to attempt 5 questions as per the
instructions given in the question paper.
The first question shall be of short answer type containing 9 questions, spread over the whole syllabus.
Each question is to be answered in about 25 to 30 words. It shall carry 18 marks and shall be a
Compulsory question.
8 questions are to be set from the entire syllabus consisting of 4 Units. Two questions will be set from
each Unit and the candidates shall be given internal choice i.e. a candidate shall attempt one question from
each Unit. So, the candidate shall attempt 4 questions in all out of 8 questions. Each question would be of
9 marks.
Objectives :
The aim of the paper is to introduce to the students various schools, styles and phases of the developments
in painting and sculpture in India and the West. The emphasis will be to make them aware of the different
terms, concepts, forms and subject matter of these works.
Unit-I : History of Indian Painting
• Sittanavasal - Lotus Pond.
• Eastern Indian Miniature Painting with special reference to Ashtasahasrika Prajnaparamita.
• Western Indian Miniature Painting with special reference to Nativity of Mahavira from Palm-leaf
manuscripts.

Unit-II : History of Indian Sculpture

• Bharhut - Dream of Queen Maya, Yakshas and Yakshini figures.

• Amravati - The Great Departure, Subjugation of Nalagiri.

Unit-III : History of Western Art

• Roman Art - Augustus of Primaporta, Arch of Titus.

• Byzantine Art – Mosaic: Emperor Justinian and his Attendants in S. Vitale.
• Gothic Art - Madonna Enthroned by Duccio, The Lamentation by Giotto.
Unit-IV : Definition of Key Terms and General Concepts

Mural - Fresco and Tempera techniques, Miniature, Chiaroscuro (light-shade), Sculpture in round and in
relief.
Pedagogy :
The students are expected to familiarize themselves with the art forms as seen from the books, slides and
related films.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 91

Suggested Readings :

1. Kramrisch, Stella : Survey of Painting in the Deccan, Oriental Books Corporation, New
Delhi, 1983.
2. Majumdar, R.C. (editor) : The History and Culture of Indian People, Vols. I, II and III (Sculpture
and Painting Sections only) Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan, Bombay, 1988,
1990, 1996.
3. Gupte and Mahajan : Ajanta, Ellora and Aurangabad Caves, D.B. Taraporevala Sons & Co.
Pvt. Ltd., Bombay, 1962.
4. Rowland, Benjamin : The Art and Architecture of India, Penguin Books, Great Britain, 1959.

5. Saraswati, S.K. : A Survey of Indian Sculpture, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt.

Ltd., New Delhi, 1975.
6. Ray, N.R. : An Approach to Indian Art, Publication Bureau, Panjab University,
Chandigarh, 1974.
7. Barrett, D. and Gray, B : Painting of India, The World Publishing Co., Ohio, 1963.
8. Archer, W.G. : India and Modern Art, George Allen & Unwin Limited, London,
1959.
9. Brown, Percy : Indian Painting under the Mughals, Cosmo Publications, New Delhi,
1981.
10. Aggarwala,V.S. : Heritage of Indian Art, Publications Division, Ministry of Information
& Broadcasting, Govt. of India, New Delhi, 1976.
11. Aggarwala,V.S. : Indian Art (English), Varanasi, 1965.

12. Aggarwala,V.S. : Bhartiya Kala (Hindi), Prithvi Prakashan, 1977.

13. Read, Herbert : Meaning of Art, Faber & Faber, London, 1972.

14. Janson, H.W. : History of Art, Thames & Hudson, London, 2001.

15. Gardener, Helen : Art Through the Ages, Harcourt Brace & Co., U.S.A., 1991.

16. Gombrich, E.H. : The Story of Art, Phaidon Press Limited, New York, 1995.

PRACTICAL

This paper consists of three sections :

1. Still Life Study Max. Marks : 30 Max.Time: 5 hours

2. Drawing from Life Max. Marks : 30 Max.Time: 5 hours
3. Landscape Painting (on the spot) Max.Marks: 30 Max.Time: 5 hours
Total : 90 Marks
92 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

SECTION-I

Still Life Study ( 30 Marks)

1. Drawing and Painting of a number of objects to study proportion, volume and rhythmic : relationship of
masses, study and rendering of texture of different objects.
2. Number of objects : Three objects with display at the back.
3. Medium : Oil, acrylic or water colours.
4. Size : ½ Imperial sheet or Canvas Pad

SECTION-II

Drawing from Life (30 Marks)

1. Portrait : From Live Model or Cast in Monochrome

2. Medium: Charcoal or Pastels (Monochrome)
3. Size: ½ Imperial size sheet.
4. Emphasis should be on structure, proportion, foreshortening, Textural Values, Posture & Individuality of
the model.

SECTION-III

Landscape Painting (on the spot) (30 Marks)

1. Landscape painting: Study relationship of objects, their arrangements in the foreground, middle and
distance, texture, relative size of masses, tones and colours, use of linear and aerial perspective.
2. Medium : Oil, acrylic or water colours.
3. Size : ½ Imperial sheet or Canvas pad

SESSIONAL MARKS : 50 (Based on work related equally to 3 sections).

Sessional marks will be given on the basis of the work done during the session in all the three sections. At
least, three works will be submitted in each section. Sessional marks shall be given by external and internal
examiners jointly. In case of difference of opinion, marking may be done separately by each examiner giving
marks out of 50% of the aggregate of the sessional marks.

………………………….
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 93

HISTORY OF ART

SEMESTER – I

Note :

1. Each paper carries 100 marks.

2. The paper-setter is required to set 9 questions in all. The candidate is to attempt 5

questions as per the instructions given in the question paper.

3. The first question shall be of short answer type containing 14 questions spread over the whole
syllabus. Each question is to be answered in about 25 to 30 words. It shall carry 28 marks and
shall be a Compulsory question.

4. 8 questions are to be set from the entire syllabus consisting of 4 Units. Two questions will be set
from each Unit and the candidates shall be given internal choice i.e. a candidate shall attempt one
question from each Unit. So, the candidate shall attempting 4 questions in all out of 8
questions. Each question would be of 18 marks.

HISTORY OF INDIAN PAINTING AND SCULPTURE Max. Marks : 100

Time : 3 Hours

Objectives :
The aim of the paper is to introduce to the students various schools, styles and phases of the developments
in painting and sculpture in India. The emphasis will be to make them aware of the different terms,
concepts, forms and subject matter of these works.

Study of Indian Painting :

Unit-I
(a) Pre-historic Painting.
(b) Ajanta : Early Period, Classical Period and Post-Classical Period.

Unit-II
(a) Bagh
(b) Badami.
(c) Sittanavasal.
(d) Ellora.
94 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Study of Indian Sculpture :

Unit-III
(a) Indus Valley Civilization.
(b) Mauryan Period.
(c) Bharhut.
(d) Sanchi.

Unit-IV
(a) Amaravati.
(b) Nagarjunikonda.
(c) Mathura under the Kushanas.
(d) Gandharan Art.

Pedagogy :
The students are expected to familiarize themselves with the art forms as seen from the books, slides and
related films.

Suggested Readings :

1. Kramrisch, Stella : Survey of Painting in the Deccan, Oriental Books Reprint

Corporation, New Delhi, 1983.

2. Majumdar, R.C. : The History and Culture of Indian People, Vols. I, II and III
(editor) (Sculpture and Painting Sections only) Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan
Bombay, 1996, 1990, 1988.

3. Gupte and Mahajan : Ajanta, Ellora and Aurangabad Caves, D.B. Taraporevala Sons & Co.
Pvt. Ltd., Bombay, 1962.

4. Rowland, Benjamin : The Art and Architecture of India, Penguin Books, Great Britain,
1959.

5. Saraswati, S.K. : A Survey of Indian Sculpture, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt.

Ltd., New Delhi, 1975.

6. Aggarwala,V.S. : Heritage of Indian Art, Publications Division, Ministry of Information

& Broadcasting, Govt. of India, New Delhi, 1976.

7. Aggarwala,V.S. : Indian Art (English), Varanasi, 1965.

8. Aggarwala,V.S. : Bhartiya Kala (Hindi), Prithvi Prakashan, 1977.

 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 95

HISTORY OF ART

SEMESTER – II

Max. Marks : 100

Time : 3 Hours
Note :

1. Each paper carries 100 marks.

2. The paper-setter is required to set 9 questions in all. The candidate is to attempt 5

questions as per the instructions given in the question paper.

3. The first question shall be of short answer type containing 14 questions spread over the whole
syllabus. Each question is to be answered in about 25 to 30 words. It shall carry 28 marks and
shall be a Compulsory question.

4. 8 questions are to be set from the entire syllabus consisting of 4 Units. Two questions will be set
from each Unit and the candidates shall be given internal choice i.e. a candidate shall attempt one
question from each Unit. So, the candidate shall attempting 4 questions in all out of 8
questions. Each question would be of 18 marks.

STUDY OF WESTERN PAINTING AND SCULPTURE (from the earliest times to ca. 1400 A.D.) and
Theory and Principles of Art Appreciation

Objectives :
The aim of the paper is to introduce to the students various schools, styles and phases of the developments
in painting and sculpture in the west. The emphasis will be to make them aware of the different terms,
concepts, forms and subject matter of these works.

History of Western Art :

Unit-I
(a) Pre-historic Painting.
(b) Egyptian Art.

Unit-II
(a) Greek Art.
(b) Roman Art.

Unit-III

(a) Art of Early Christian Period.

(b) Byzantine Period.
(c) Gothic Period.
96 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Unit-IV
Explanation through illustrations of the concept of :
(a) Space, Line, Colour, Form, Texture, Light and Shade, Design, Balance, Harmony, Composition,
Perspective, Foreshortening.
(b) Mural, Fresco and Tempera techniques.

Pedagogy :
The students are expected to familiarize themselves with the art form as seen from the books, slides and
related films.

Suggested Readings :

1. Read, Herbert : Meaning of Art, Faber & Faber, London, 1972.

2. Janson, H.W. : History of Art, Thames & Hudson, London, 2001.

3. Gardener, Helen : Art Through the Ages, Harcourt Brace & Co., U.S.A., 1991.

4. Gombrich, E.H. : The Story of Art, Phaidon Press Limited, New York, 1995.

------------------------
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 97

ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY, CULTURE & ARCHAEOLOGY

SEMESTER – I
Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 Marks
Internal Assessment :10 Marks
Time : 3 Hours

Paper-A : HISTORY AND CULTURE OF INDIA FROM THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
TO 321 B.C.

Objectives :
The paper is a survey of the proto-historic and historic background to Indian history from the Harappan
Civilization to the time of the Iranian and Macedonian invasions.

Pedagogy of the Course Work :

Students are expected to familiarize themselves with sources and with methods of reconstructing ancient
political history. Further, an attempt is made to view the political events in their situational context,
locating the interconnection of social, economic and political developments, as far as their sources permit.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND CANDIDATES :

1. The theory paper will be of 90 marks and 10 marks will be for internal assessment.

2. For Private candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for internal assessment, the marks secured
by them in theory paper will proportionately be increased to maximum marks of the paper in lieu of
internal assessment.
The paper-setter must put note (2) in the question paper.

3. The paper-setter is required to set 9 questions in all. All questions shall carry equal marks. The paper
shall be of 3 hours duration.

4. The first question shall be of short answer type containing 15 short questions spread over the entire
syllabus. The candidate is required to answer any 9 short answer type questions. Each short answer
type question shall be of 2 marks to be answered in 25 to 30 words. OR a question on map. The map
work shall consist of 12 marks for the map and 06 marks for the explanatory notes.

5. The map question shall have the following topics :

(a) Extent of the Harappan Civilization.
(b) Location of the 16 Mahajanapadas.
(c) Alexander’s Indian campaign.

6. The rest of the paper shall contain 4 Units. The entire syllabus has been divided into 4 Units. The paper
setter shall set 2 questions from each Unit and the candidate shall be given internal choice i.e. the
candidate shall attempt one question from each Unit. Each question shall carry 18 marks.
98 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

UNIT-I

Sources of Ancient Indian history: Harappan Civilization: origin; extent; urban features and decline.

UNIT-II

Vedic Civilization (Rig Vedic and Later Vedic Period): society; polity; economy; culture and religion.

UNIT-III

The Sixteen Mahajanapadas with special reference to the rise of Magadha (from Bimbisara to the fall of
the Nandas); The rise of Buddhism and Jainism.

UNIT-IV

The Iranian and Macedonian invasions: political and cultural impact on the Indian subcontinent.

Essential Readings :

1. Basham, A.L. : The Wonder that was India, Rupa, Mumbai, 1971.
2. Jha, D.N. : Ancient India in Historical Outline, Manohar, New Delhi,
1977.
3. Majumdar, R.C. et al : The Vedic Age,Vol.I, Bombay; Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan,
Mumbai, 1971.
4. Ratnagar, S. : Understanding Harappa, Tulika, New Delhi, 2001.
5. Raychaudheri, H.C. : The Political History of Ancient India, rev. ed. University
of Calcutta, Delhi, 1996.
6. Sharma, R.S. Material Culture and Social Formation in Ancient India,
Machmillan, Delhi, 1983
7. Singh, Upinder : A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India (From
the Stone age to the 12th Century), Pearson Education,
Delhi, 2009

8. Thapar, R. : A History of India, Vol. I, Pelican Books, New Delhi,

1966.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 99

ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY, CULTURE & ARCHAEOLOGY

SEMESTER – II

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks
Internal Assessment :10 Marks
Time : 3 Hours

Paper : HISTORY AND CULTURE OF INDIA FROM THE MAURYAS TO 319 A.D.

Objectives :
This course deals with the political and cultural history of India from Mauryas to 319 A.D. It also acquaints
the students about the foreign invasions which took place during the time span as mentioned above and
their impact on the Indian Culture.

Pedagogy of the Course Work :

The students are to be taught with the help of slides, photographs, topographical maps, political maps etc.
In addition to it, lectures, workshops and seminars may be arranged to facilitate the students to understand
the subject in a better way.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND CANDIDATES :

1. The theory question paper will be of 90 marks and 10 marks will be for internal assessment.
2. For private candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for internal assessment, the marks secured
by them in theory paper will proportionately be increased to maximum marks of the paper in lieu of
internal assessment.
The paper-setter must put note (2) in the question paper.
3. The paper-setter is required to set 9 questions in all. All questions shall carry equal marks. The paper
shall be of 3 hrs. duration.
4. The first question shall be of short answer type containing 15 short questions spread over the entire
syllabus. The candidate is required to answer any 9 short answer type questions. Each short answer
type question shall be of 2 marks to be answered in 25 to 30 words. OR a question on map. The map
work shall consist of 12 marks for the map and 06 marks for the explanatory notes.
5. The map question shall have the following topics :
(a) Extent of the Mauryan empire.
(b) Location of Ashokan inscriptions.
(c) Extent of Kanishka’s empire.

6. The rest of the paper shall contain 4 Units. The entire syllabus has been divided into 4 Units. The paper
setter shall set 2 questions from each Unit and the candidate shall be given internal choice i.e. the
candidate shall attempt one question from each Unit. Each question shall carry 18 marks.
 100 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

UNIT-I :

The Mauryan empire: sources; political and cultural relations; administrative organization; society and
economy; Ashoka’s dhamma; downfall of the Mauryan Empire.

UNIT-II:

Sungas, Kanvas and Satvahanas: Survey of the sources; political overview; society and economy;
culture and religion.

UNIT-III:

The Indo Greeks, Shakas and Parthians: Survey of the sources; polity; society and economy.

UNIT-IV:

Kushana and Post-Kushana Period: Survey of the sources; Political; socio-economic; cultural and
religious conditions.

Essential Readings :

1. Bongard Levin, G. : Mauryan India,Sterling, Delhi, 1985.

2. Jha, D.N. : Ancient India in Historical Outline,Manohar, New Delhi,

1977.

3. Majumdar, R.C. et al, eds. : The History and Culture of the Indian People, Bhartiya Vidya
Bhawan, Mumbai, 1951.
4. Mukherjee, B.N. : The Rise and Fall of the Kushana Empire, Firma KLM,
Calcutta, 1988.
5. Narain, A.K. : The Indo–Greeks, Chaerendon Press, Oxford, 1957.

6. Nilakantha Sastri, K.A. (ed.) : The Age of the Nandas and Mauryas, Varanasi, 1952.

8. Raychaudheri, H.C. : The Political History of Ancient India, rev. ed., University of
Calcutta, Delhi, 1996.
7. Shastri, A.M. : Early History of the Deccan, Sandeep Prakashan, New
Delhi, 1987.
8. Shrimali, K.N. : Prachin Bharat Ka Itihas, Karyanvaya Nideshalay, Delhi
University , Delhi 2009.
9. Singh Upinder : A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India (From the
Stone age to the 12th Century), Pearson Education, Delhi,
2009.

10. Thapar, R. : Ashoka and the Decline of the Mauryas, 2nd ed. Oxford
University Press, Delhi, 1997.
11. Thapar Romila : The Penguin History of Early India from the origin to AD
1300, Penguin Books, New Delhi, 2002.
---------------------------
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 101

DEFENCE & STRATEGIC STUDIES

SEMESTER – I

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTER AND THE STUDENTS

Note:

1. There will be one-theory paper of 70 marks. The internal assessment will be of 10 marks. The theory
paper will have one compulsory short answer type question containing 15 questions of 2 marks each
covering the entire syllabus. The candidates will be required to attempt any 10 short answer type
questions. In addition to it there will be four sections of the question paper containing 2 questions
each. The candidate will be required to attempt one question from each of the four sections. Theory
paper will be of three hours duration.

2. Practical examination will be compulsory for regular and correspondence students. It will be of 20
marks. There will be 3 hours of teaching per week for practical and the number of students in one
group shall not ordinarily exceed fifteen.

PAPER : CONCEPT OF WARFARE

Max.Marks : 70
Time : 3 Hrs.

Objective : This paper deals with the conceptual aspects of warfare and focuses on the various aspects
of warfare from conventional to Nuclear age.

SECTION-I

1. War : Its definition concept and evolution.

2. Principles of War, Historical Development, Meaning, Importance, and Practical Application.

SECTION-II

3. Modern War : Meaning, Historical Development, Features and Humanization of War.

4. Non-Conventional Warfare with reference to Guerrilla War : Its Origin, Principles and Techniques.

SECTION-III

5. Nuclear War, Beginning of Nuclear Era, Effects of Nuclear explosions, Nuclear strategy, Deterrence,
Missiles and their classification.
 102 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

SECTION-IV

6. Psychological aspects of war, Leadership, Motivation, Morale, Discipline, Panic and Fear.

Books Recommended :

1. Bernard, Brodie, Strategy in the Missile Age Rand Corp., Santa Monica, 2007.
2. Boring, E., Psychology in the Armed Services, National Academics, Washington 1945.
3. Clausewitz Von Carl, On War, Wilder Publications, United States, 2008.
4. Fuller, J.F.C, Armament and History, Da Press, New York,1998 .
5. Fuller, J.F.C., The Conduct of War, N.J. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 1961.
6. Gerald, J., Defence Psychology, Pergamon Press, Michigan, 2008.
7. Harkabi Y., Nuclear War and Nuclear Peace, Transaction Publishers,Piscataway, New Jersey, 2008.
8. Hart, Liddle, Strategy of Indirect Approach, BiblioBazaar, 2011 Washington, 1945.
9. JFR Jacob, Surrender at Dacca, Birth of a Nation, Manohar Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi,
1997.
10. Malkasian Carter, A History of Modern Wars of Attrition, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002.
11. May Larry, Emily Crookston, War: Eassy in Political Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
12. Montgomery, A History of Warfare, Cleveland world Publishers,1968.
13. Palit, D.K., War in the Deterrent Age, Gardners Books, Delhi 2006.
14. Tripathi, K.S., Evolution of Nuclear Strategy, Vikas Publication, Delhi,1970.
15. Waelder Robert, Psychological aspects of war and peace, Geneva research Centre, Geneva, 1939.

Paper : PRACTICAL Total Marks: 20

Time: 1 hrs

Note :

1. There will be 3 hours of teaching per week for practical. For practical classes, the number of
students in one group shall not ordinarily exceed fifteen.

2. Practical exercise should be carried out on drawing sheets with explanatory notes or on Computer.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 103

SECTION-A, Practical Test

Marks: 10

Note :

1. There will be three questions in all carrying 5 marks each and candidates will be required to attempt
any two questions.
2. Examiners are required to set the question paper at least half an hour before the examination.

Course Contents for Practical

1. Conventional Signs: Military and Geographical.

2. Introduction to Topographical Maps: Definition, features, classification, enlargement and reduction
of maps.
3. Grid System: Four figure, six figure and eight figure map, references.

SECTION-B

Marks: 10

1. Practical Record 5 marks

2. Viva-Voce 5 marks

(Students be asked to prepare on current topics of general interest)

 104 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

DEFENCE & STRATEGIC STUDIES

SEMESTER – II
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTER AND THE STUDENTS

Note:

1. There will be one-theory paper of 70 marks. The internal assessment will be of 10 marks. The theory
paper will have one compulsory short answer type question containing 15 questions of 2 marks each
covering the entire syllabus. The candidates will be required to attempt any 10 short answer type
questions. In addition to it there will be four sections of the question paper containing 2 questions
each. The candidate will be required to attempt one question from each of the four sections. Theory
paper will be of three hours duration.

2. Practical examination will be compulsory for regular and correspondence students. It will be of 20
marks. There will be 3 hours of teaching per week for practical and the number of students in one
group shall not ordinarily exceed fifteen.

Paper : INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, STRATEGIC ASPECTS

M. Marks : 70
Time : 3 Hrs.

Objective : This paper focuses on the various attributes of international relations and its role in maintaining
peace & security.

SECTION-I

1. International Relations: Meaning, concept and its relationship with strategic aspects.
2. National interest and war: Definition of national interest & its relationship with security; War as an
instrument of National Policy.
SECTION-II

3. Balance of Powe: Meaning, Historical Development, Evaluation and its functioning.

4. Cold War: Definition, Cause and Means, Diplomatic, Psychological, Economic effects and Perspective.

SECTION-III
5. Collective Security: Meaning and Concept, Role of United Nations Organization in maintaining
Collective Security.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 105

SECTION-IV
6. Disarmament and Arms Control, Meaning and Concept, Efforts by UNO towards its achievement.

Books Recommended:

1. Flemming, D.F., The Cold War and its Origin, Doubleday, University of Michigan, United States, 1961.
2. Gaddis Lewis John, The Cold War, Penguin, UK, 2011.
3. Goldblat Jozef, Arms Control: The New Guide to Negotiations and Agreements with New CD-ROM
Supplement, SAGE, London, 2002.
4. Griffiths Martin, International Relations: The Key Concepts, Psychology Press, 2002.
5. Joseph , Frankel , The Making of Foreign Policy, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1963.
6. Knapp, W., A History of War and Peace, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1967.
7. Kumar, Mahendra, Theoretical Aspects of International Politics, University of Notre Dame Press,
Notre Dame, Ind., 1959
8. Lawrence Robert M., Arms Control and Disarmament, Burgers, 1973.
9. Lucas, A History of Cold War, Bloomsbury Publishing London, 2008.
10. Morgenthau, H., Politics Among Nations, McGraw-Hill New York, 1993.
11. Morton, Halperin , Limited War in the Nuclear Age, Greenwood Press, Michigan, 1978.
12. Orakhelashvili Alexander, Collective Security, Oxford University Press, UK, 2011.
13. Sarooshi Dan, The United Nations and the Development of Collective Security: The Delegation by the
UN Security Council of Its Chapter VII Powers, Oxford University Press, UK, 1999.
14. Sheehan Michael J., The Balance of Power: History and Theory, Taylor & Francis, 1996.
15. Qamar, Hasanan, Psychology for the Fighting Man, Penguin Books, U.K, 1943.

Paper-B: PRACTICAL Total Marks : 20

Time : 1 hrs
Note:
1. There will be 3 hours of teaching per week for practical. For practical classes, the number of
students in one group shall not ordinarily exceed fifteen.

2. Practical exercise should be carried out on drawing sheets with explanatory notes or on
computer.

SECTION-A, Practical Test

Marks: 10
Note:
1. There will be three questions in all and candidates will be required to attempt any two questions.
2. Examiners are required to set the question paper at least half an hour before the examination.
106 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Course Contents for Practical

1. Distance and Scale: Definition, types, methods of representing scale, inters conversion of statement,
into representative fraction, construction of simple scale line and comparative scale lines.

2. Directions: Types of North, finding out True North, direction by equal altitude method, Watch
method, Map method and Compass method.

3. Service Protector: Its type and uses.

SECTION-B

Marks: 10

1. Practical Record 5 marks

2. Viva-Voce 5 marks

(Students be asked to prepare on current topics of general interest)

……………………………..
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 107

HISTORY
SEMESTER – I

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND CANDIDATES : (For Papers in Semester I & II )
1. The syllabus has been divided into four Units.
There shall be 9 questions in all. The first question is compulsory and shall be short answer type
containing 15 short questions spread over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25 to 30 words
each. The candidates are required to attempt any 9 short answer type questions carrying 18 marks
i.e. 2 marks of each. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 Units. Each Unit shall have two essay type
questions and the candidate shall be given internal choice of attempting one question from each
Unit– 4 in all. Each question will carry 18 marks.
2. For private candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for internal assessment, the marks
secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be increased to maximum marks of the paper
in lieu of internal assessment.
The paper-setter must put note (2) in the question paper.
3. One question from Unit IV shall be set on the map.

Explanation :
1. Each essay type question would cover about one-third to one-half of a topic detailed in the syllabus.
2. The distribution of marks for the map question would be as under :
Map : 10 marks
Explanatory Note : 08 marks
In case a paper setter chooses to set a question of map on important historical places, the paper setter
will be required to ask the students to mark 5 places on map of 2 marks each and write explanatory
note on any four of 2 marks each.
3. The paper-setter would avoid repetition between different types of questions within one question
paper.

HISTORY OF INDIA UPTO 1200 A.D.

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours
Objectives : To introduce the students to the history Ancient India.
Pedagogy : Lectures, library work and discussions.
 108 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

UNIT I

I. Major Sources of History : Literary, Archaeological findings; inscriptions, coins and travel accounts.
II. Harappan Civilization : Extent, town planning; social economic and religious life.
III. Vedic Age: Political and Economic Life; social and religious life.

UNIT II

IV. Republics and Kingdoms 600-321 B.C.: Mahajanpadas; the rise of Magadha.
V. Jainism and Buddhism : Life and teachings of Mahavir Swami; Life and teachings of Gautam Buddha.
VI The Mauryan Empire: Central and Provinicial Administration; revenue, judicial and local
administration; Ashoka’s Dhamma.

UNIT III

VII Post Mauryan Period: Decline of Mauryas; Kanishka and his achievements.

VIII. The Gupta Empire: The rise of Guptas; social, economic, cultural and scientific
Developments under Guptas.
IX. The Rise of Southern Kingdoms: Administration Under Pallavas; Rashtrakutas; Chalukyas.

UNIT IV

X. Regional Kingdoms in the North : Administration under Harsh Vardhana; origin of Rajputs.
XI South Indian States: administration under Cholas; Taxation and trade under Pandayas.

XII Map :

(i) Map on important Historical places: Taxila, Indraprastha, Kannauj, Patliputra, Ujjain, Bodhgaya,
Varanasi, Sopara, Ajanta, Ellora, Sanchi, Tanjore, Kanchipuram, Lothal, Nalanda, Hastinapur,
Kalibangan, Harrappa, Kalinga, Arikamedu, Shravenbelgola.
(ii) Extent of Harappan Civilization.
(iii) Mauryan Kingdom under Ashoka.

Reading List :
1. Basham, A.L. : The Wonder That Was India, Calcutta : Rupa & Co., 1992.
2. Jha, D.N. : Ancient India : An Historical Outline, Delhi : Manohar, 2 nd Rev. Ed.,
2005.
3. Sharma, R.S. : India’s Ancient Past, Delhi : OUP, 2005.
4. Sharma, R.S. : Parambhik Bharat Ka Parichay, Delhi : Orient Black Swan, 2007
(Hindi Medium).
5. Thapar, Romila : Early India from the Origin to A.D. 1300, Penguin, 2002.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 109

HISTORY
SEMESTER – II

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND CANDIDATES : (For Papers in Semester I & II )
1. The syllabus has been divided into four Units.
There shall be 9 questions in all. The first question is compulsory and shall be short answer type
containing 15 short questions spread over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25 to 30 words
each. The candidates are required to attempt any 9 short answer type questions carrying 18 marks
i.e. 2 marks of each. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 Units. Each Unit shall have two essay type
questions and the candidate shall be given internal choice of attempting one question from each
Unit– 4 in all. Each question will carry 18 marks.
2. For private candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for internal assessment, the marks
secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be increased to maximum marks of the paper
in lieu of internal assessment.
The paper-setter must put note (2) in the question paper.
3. One question from Unit IV shall be set on the map.

Explanation :
1. Each essay type question would cover about one-third to one-half of a topic detailed in the syllabus.
2. The distribution of marks for the map question would be as under :
Map : 10 marks
Explanatory Note : 08 marks
In case a paper setter chooses to set a question of map on important historical places, the paper setter
will be required to ask the students to mark 5 places on map of 2 marks each and write explanatory
note on any four of 2 marks each.
3. The paper-setter would avoid repetition between different types of questions within one question
paper.

HISTORY OF INDIA 1200-1750 A.D.

Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 hours
Objectives : To introduce the students to the history of Medieval India.
Pedagogy : Lectures, library work and discussions.

UNIT I
I. Establishment of Turkish rule under Muizuddin of Ghor; Consolidation under Iltutmish and Balban.
II. The Khaljis: Administration; agrarian and market reforms of Alauddin Khailji.
III. The Tughlaqs: Muhammad Bin Tughlaq’s administrative experiments and its impact, Feroz Shah
Tughluq’s administrative and economic reforms.
 110 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

UNIT II
IV. Vijaynagar Kingdom: Establishment; Administration; Economy.
V. Formation of the Mughal Empire: Political condition of India on the eve of Babur’s invasions;
conquests and causes of his success.
VI. The Afghans: Establishment of Afghan power under Sher Shah Suri; administrative reforms.
UNIT III
VII. The Mughal Empire: Central and Provincial administration; Land revenue system.
VIII. The Mughal Empire: Mansabdari system; Jagirdari System.
IX. Debates on the Decline of Mughal Empire.

UNIT IV
X. The Rise of the Marathas: conquests of Shivaji; administration.
XI. Evolution and main features: Bhakti movement; Sufism.
XII. MAP:
XIII. (i) Important Historical places: Lahore, Delhi, Agra, Mathura, Fatehpur Sikri, Chittor, Jaipur,
Udaipur, Panipat, Lucknow, Ahmednagar, Poona, Surat, Golkonda, Bijapur, Daulatabad.
(ii) Extent of Empire under Allauddin Khalji.
(iii) Mughal empire in 1707.

Reading List :

1. Alam, Muzaffar and : The Mughal State 1526-1750, New Delhi : Oxford University Press,
Sanjay Subrahmanyam 1998.
(eds.)

2. Chandra, Satish : Medieval India from Sultanate to the Mughals (1206-1526), New
Delhi : Har-Anand Publications Pvt. Ltd., 1997.

3. Chandra, Satish : Medieval India from Sultanate to the Mughals, Part -II Mughal
Empire (1526-1748).

4. Chandra, Satish : Essays on Medieval Indian History, New Delhi : Oxford University
Press, 1987.

5. Chandra, Satish : History of Medieval India, Delhi : Orient Black Swan, 2007 (Hindi
Medium).

6. Habib, Irfan : Medieval India : The Study of Civilization, New Delhi : National
Book Trust, India, 2008.

7. Ray Chaudhri Tapan and : The Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol. I., c. 1200-c.1750,
Irfan Habib New Delhi : Orient Longman, 2007.

8. Rizvi, S.A.A. : The Wonder That Was India, Vol. II, 1200-1700, New Delhi :
Rupa & Co., 1996.

---------------------
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 111

POLITICAL SCIENCE

SEMESTER – I

POLITICAL THEORY-I

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 hours

Objectives : The objective of this paper is to introduce first year undergraduate students to some of the
basic aspects, concepts and themes in the discipline of Political Science.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES :

(a) There shall be 9 questions in all.

(b) In Question No. One, 15 short answer type questions be asked spreading over whole syllabus to be
answered in 10-20 words each. The students shall have to attempt 9 short answer type questions i.e.
2 marks of each. It shall carry 18 marks and shall be a compulsory question.

(c) Rest of the paper shall contain 4 Units. Each Unit shall have two questions and the candidates shall
be given internal choice. The candidates shall attempt one question from each Unit i.e. 4 in all of 18
marks each.

(d) For private and reappear candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for internal assessment, the
marks secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be increased to maximum marks of the
paper in lieu of internal assessment.
The paper-setter must put note (d) in the question paper.

Unit-I

1. Political Sciene : Meaning, Definition and Scope.

2. Relationship of Political Science with Economics, History and Sociology.

Unit-II

1. The State : Definition, Elements and its Distinction from Government and Society.

2. Theories of the Origin of State : Social Contract, Historical/Evolutionary.

112 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Unit-III
1. State : Liberal, Marxian and Gandhian View.
2. Welfare State : Neo Liberal and Socialist Perspective.

Unit-IV

1. Sovereignty : Definition, Attributes/ Characteristics and Types.

2. Theories of Sovereignty : Monistic and Pluralistic.
3. Political System : a) Meaning & Characteristics.
Political System : b) Functions according to David Easton & Almond & Powell.

Books Recommended :

1. J.C. Johri : Principles of Modern Political Science, Sterling Publishers, New Delhi.
2009.
2. A.C. Kapoor : Principles of Political Science, S. Chand & Company, New Delhi, 2009.

3. O.P. Gauba : An Introduction to Political Theory, Macmillan India Ltd., New

Delhi, 2009.

4. Andrew Heywood : Political Theory : An Introduction, Third Edition, Palgrave

MacMillan, 2004.
5. Robert A. Dahl & Bruce : Modern Political Analysis, Sixth Edition Pearson, Education, 2003.
S. Finebric Kner
6. Frank Bealey, Richard :: Elements in Political Science, Edinburgh University Press,
Chapman and Michael Edinburgh, 1999.
Sheehan
7. Andrew Heywood : Political Theory : An Introduction, MacMillan Press, London, 1999.

8. Aron I. Skoble & Fiber : Political Philosophy : Essential Selections, Pearson Education, 1999.
R. Maclian (eds.)
9. Andrew Heywood : Politics, Macmillan, London, 1997.

10. M.P. Jain : Political Theory, Authors Guild Publication, Delhi (Punjabi &
Hindi) 1990.
11. S.P. Verma : Modern Political Theory, General Publishing House, New Delhi. 1983.

……………………………..
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 113

POLITICAL SCIENCE

SEMESTER – II

POLITICAL THEORY-II

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 hours

Objectives : The aim of this paper is to deepen and expand the knowledge of the student in Political
Science. It introduces higher level concepts and themes in political theory. It will
provide students with the tools to engage with some key political issues of our times.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES :

(a) There shall be 9 questions in all.

(b) In Question No. One, 15 short answer type questions be asked spreading over whole syllabus to be
answered in 10-20 words each. The students shall have to attempt 9 short answer type questions i.e.
2 marks of each. It shall carry 18 marks and shall be a compulsory question.

(c) Rest of the paper shall contain 4 Units. Each Unit shall have two questions and the candidates shall
be given internal choice. The candidates shall attempt one question from each Unit i.e. 4 in all of 18
marks each.

(d) For private and reappear candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for internal assessment, the
marks secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be increased to maximum marks of the
paper in lieu of internal assessment.
The paper-setter must put note (d) in the question paper.

Unit-I
1. Power, Authority, Legitimacy : Meaning and Characteristics.
2. Political Culture : Meaning, Characteristics and Types.
3. Political Socialisation : Meaning, Characteristics and Agencies.

Unit-II

1. Rights : Meaning, Nature and Types.

2. Duties : Meaning, Nature and Types.
3. Rights & Duties : Co-relation between the two.
114 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Unit-III

1. Liberty : Meaning, Types & its Safeguards.

2. Equality : Meaning, Types and Relationship between Liberty and Equality.
3. Justice : Meaning and its various Dimensions.

Unit-IV

1. Social Change : Meaning, Characteristics and Factors.

2. Democracy : Meaning : Characteristics and Types.
3. Theories of Democracy : Liberal and Elite.

Books Recommended :

1. J.C. Johri : Principles of Modern Political Science, Sterling Publishers, New Delhi.
2009.
2. A.C. Kapoor : Principles of Political Science, S. Chand & Company, New Delhi, 2009.

3. O.P. Gauba : An Introduction to Political Theory, MacMillan India Ltd., New

Delhi, 2009.
4. Andrew Heywood : Political Theory : An Introduction, Third Edition, Palgrave
MacMillan, 2004.
5. Robert A. Dahl & Bruce : Modern Political Analysis, Sixth Edition Pearson, Education, 2003.
S. Finebric Kner
6. Frank Bealey, Richard :: Elements in Political Science, Edinburgh University Press,
Chapman and Michael Edinburgh, 1999.
Sheehan
7. Andrew Heywood : Political Theory : An Introduction, MacMillan Press, London, 1999.

8. Aron I. Skoble & Fiber : Political Philosophy : Essential Selections, Pearson Education, 1999.
R. Maclian (eds.)
9. Andrew Heywood : Politics, Macmillan, London, 1997.

10. M.P. Jain : Political Theory, Authors Guild Publication, Delhi (Punjabi &
Hindi) 1990.
11. S.P. Verma : Modern Political Theory, General Publishing House, New Delhi, 1983.

……………………………..
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 115

ECONOMICS
SEMESTER – I
Paper : MICRO ECONOMICS
Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 hours

Course Objective :
Microeconomics is concerned with the analysis of economic phenomena from the perspective of the
individual. The course covers the basic concepts and tools needed to undertake the analysis of such
problems that arise due to the law of scarcity. The course also aims at introduction of the functioning of
competitive and noncompetitive product markets and performance of the markets for resources. The
students are expected to develop rudimentary understanding of how and why consumers, firms, and
markets in the economy function the way they do.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES :
The syllabus has been divided into four units.

(i) There shall be 9 questions in all. All questions carry equal marks. The first question shall be short
answer type containing 12 short questions spread over the whole syllabus and each to be answered
in about 25 to 30 words. The candidate is required to attempt any 9 short answer type questions i.e. 2
marks of each. It shall carry 18 marks and shall be compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall
contain 4 Units. Each Unit shall have two questions and the candidates shall be given internal
choice i.e. the candidates shall attempt one question from each Unit – 4 in all.
(ii) For private candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for internal assessment, the marks secured
by them in theory paper will proportionately be increased to maximum marks of the paper in lieu of
internal assessment.

The paper-setter must put note (ii) in the question paper.

Unit-I
Introduction : Definition, Meaning, Nature and Scope of Economics.
Theory of Demand and consumer Behaviuor : Utility Analysis and Indifference Curve Analysis. Law of
Demand and its Exceptions, Elasticity of Demand and its measurement, Consumer Surplus and its
measurement.
Unit-II

Theory of Production and Costs: Concept, Law of Variable Proportions and Laws of Returns to Scale, Cost
Concepts and Cost Curves in Short and Long periods (Traditional Theory of Costs).
Market Forms and Revenue: Behaviour of Average Revenue and Marginal Revenue under Perfect
Competition and Imperfect Competition. Relationship between Average Revenue, Marginal Revenue and
Elasticity of Demand.
Unit-III

Price and Output Determination: Price and Output Determination of the Firm and Industry under Perfect
Competition, Monopoly and Monopolistic Competition in Short and Long run, Concept of Discriminating
Monopoly.
116 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Unit-IV

Distribution: Marginal Productivity Theory of Distribution with special reference to Wage, Ricardian
Theory and Modern Theory of Rent. Classical and Loanable Funds Theory of Interest, Risk and Uncertainty
Theories of Profit.

Recommended Readings:

1. Joginder Singh, P.N. Chopra & : Price Theory and Distribution, Kalyani Publishers,
P.S. Grewal (Punjabi Medium) Ludhiana, (latest edition).
2. Kalyanjit Roy Chaudhary : Modern Micro Economics, Vol. I&II Bookland
Publishers, New Delhi, Secong Edition, Revised 1999.
3. P.A. Samuelson (trans. Piar : Arth-Shastar Ek Prarmbhik Vishleshan, Punjabi
Singh) University, Patiala, 1972.

4. R.G. Lipsey& K.A. Chrystal : Principles of Economics, Oxford University Press, New
Delhi, Ninth Edition.
5. A.W. Stonier and : A Text Book of Economic Theory, Pearson Publisher,
ELBS Fifth Edition, Second Reprint, 2005.
D.C. Hague

Supplementary Readings:

1. D.N. Dwivedi : Microeconomics-Theory and Applications, Pearson

Education Delhi, Second Edition, 2012.
2. D. Salvatore : Micro Economics: Theory & Applications, Oxford
University Press, New York, 2008.
3. John Robinson (Trans.) : Apuran Prtiyogita Di Arthiki, Punjabi University,
Patiala, (latest edition).
4. Pindyck, S.Robert, Rubinfel : Microeconomics, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi,
Dainel, L. and P.L. Gupta 2006.
5. H.K. Manmohan Singh : Mang Sidhant Ate Mishrat Arth-Vivstha Vich Arthik
(Trans. Om ParkashVashisht) Ganana, Punjabi University, Patiala, 1971.
6. N.C. Ray : An Introduction to Microeconomics; The Macmillan
Company of India Ltd., New Delhi, 1980.
7. P.N. Chopra : Micro Economic Theory and Welfare Economics,
Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, (latest edition).
8. H.L. Ahuja : Advanced Economic Theory, S.Chand & Co., New
Delhi, Thirteen Edition, Revised 2008.

Note: Six lectures of 45 minutes each per week are required to complete the syllabi.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 117

ECONOMICS
SEMESTER – II

Paper : MACRO ECONOMICS

Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 hours
Course Objective:

This paper aims to familiarize the student with the generally accepted principles of macroeconomics. It
deals with aggregates i.e. consumers as a whole, producers as a whole, exporters and importers as a whole,
the effects of government spending and taxation, and the monetary policy of the central bank. The course
includes the basic theories of determination of income, consumption, investment, employment, money and
interest, inflation, Monetary and Fiscal policies, and business cycles.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTERS AND CANDIDATES:

The syllabus has been divided into four units.
(i) There shall be 9 questions in all. All questions carry equal marks. The first question shall be short answer
type containing 12 short questions spread over the whole syllabus and each to be answered in about 25 to 30
words. The candidate is required to attempt any 9 short answer type question i.e. 2 marks of each. It shall
carry 18 marks and shall be compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units. Each unit shall
have two questions and the candidate shall be given internal choice i.e. the candidates shall attempt one
question from each unit – 4 in all.

(ii) For private candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for internal assessment, the marks secured by
them in theory paper will proportionately by increased to maximum marks of the paper in lieu of internal
assessment.
The paper-setter must put note (ii) in the question paper.

Unit-I

Introduction: Nature, Meaning and Scope of Macro-Economics.

Consumption and Investment Functions:

Average and Marginal Propensity to Consume, Keynes’ Psychological Law of Consumption.
Investment: Types, Investment Demand Schedule and Factors Affecting Investment Decisions, Marginal
Efficiency of Capital, Static and Dynamic Multiplier.

Unit-II

Determination of Income and Employment:

Classical and Keynesian Theories of Income, Output and Employment, Say’s Law of Markets. Principle of
Effective Demand.
Unit-III
Money and Banking:
Money : Definition, Functions and Role
Quantity Theory of Money: Fisher’s Equation and Cambridge Equation, Keynesian Liquidity Preference
Theory.
Banking: Major Functions of Commercial Banks and Process of Credit Creation.
 118 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Unit-IV

Inflation and Macro-Economic Policies:

Cost-push and Demand-pull Theories of Inflation, Measures to Control Inflation. Monetary and Fiscal
Policies for Stabilization.

Trade Cycle: Meaning and Phases.

Recommended Readings:

1. O.P. Sharma (Punjabi Medium) : Macro Economics, Punjabi University, Patiala,

(latest edition).

2. Ranjit Singh Ghuman : Antar-Rashtriya ArthVigyan, Punjabi, University,

Patiala, (latest edition).

3. M.C. Vaish (Latest ed.) : Macro Economic Theory, Oxford University,

Press, New Delhi, 2010.

4. E. Shapiro : Macroeconomic Analysis, Galgotia Pub. (P)

Ltd., New Delhi, Fifth Edition.

Supplementary Readings:

1. D.N. Dwivedi : Macroeconomics-Theory and Policy, Tata McGraw

Hill Publication House, New Delhi, 3rd Edition, Sixth.
Reprint 2012.

2. C.W. Baird : Elements of Modern Economics, West Publishing

Company, 1982.

3. H.L. Ahuja : Macroeconomics, S. Chand Pub. New Delhi,

Tenth Edition, 2004.

Note: Six lectures of 45 minutes each per week are required to complete the syllabi.

----------------------
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 119

SOCIOLOGY
SEMESTER - I
FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY
Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES :

(i) For written paper, the students will be required to attempt five questions in all. Question No. I will
be compulsory comprising of 12 short answer type questions of 2 marks each and will cover the
entire syllabus. The students are required to attempt nine short answer type questions out of 12,
i.e. 9 X 2 = 18 marks.
In addition to it, Question Nos. II to IX will consist of long answer (essay type) questions, two
questions from each Unit with internal choice carrying 18 marks each i.e. 4 X 18 = 72 marks. .
(ii) On an average, 15 hours are to be devoted for each Unit.
(iii) For private candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for internal assessment, the marks secured
by them in theory paper will proportionately be increased to maximum marks of the paper in lieu of
internal assessment.
The paper-setter must put note (iii) in the question paper.

Objective :
This paper aims at introducing Fundamentals of Sociology to the beginners of the subject,the basic
understanding about Sociology as a discipline. Study of various terms, concepts and processes will help
students in formulating a Sociological Viewpoint and an easy comprehension of the discipline at later
stages.
Course Content :
Unit-I

Introduction to Sociology: Origin and Development; Nature and Significance.

Relationship of Sociology with other Social Sciences –Anthropology, History and Psychology.
Unit-II

Understanding Society: Meaning, Characteristics, Theories of Origin of Society – Organic and Social-
Contract. Relationship between Individual and Society.

Social Groups - Meaning, Characteristics and Classification with special focus on Primary and Secondary
Groups.
Unit-III

Culture: Meaning and Features, Culture and Civilization, Cultural Lag, Acculturation, Assimilation, Cultural
Pluralism.
Dimensions of Culture: Cultural Trait, Cultural Patterns, Cultural Complexes, Cultural Relativism.
 120 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Unit-IV

Socialization: Meaning, Stages, Agencies and Theories of Mead and Cooley.

Social Control: Meaning, Types and Agencies – Formal and Informal

Essential Readings:

1. Bottomore, T.B. (1975) : Introduction to Sociology, Bombay : Blackie and Sons.

2. Bottomore, T.B. (1975) : Sociology : A Guide to Problems and Literature (Hindi and
English), Bombay : Blackie and Sons.

3. Davis, Kingsley (1978) : Human Society, London : MacMillan Company.

4. Dube, S.C. (1990) : Understanding Society - A Text Book, NCERT.

5. Maciver, R.M. and C.H. : Society, London : MacMillan Company.

Page (1983)

6. Macionis, John, J. (2005) : Society: The Basics, New York : Prentice Hall.

7. Madhurima (2009) : Readings in Sociology – Part-I, Jalandhar : New Academic

Publishing House (All Mediums).

8. Rao, Shankar, C.N. (2005) : Sociology—Primary Principles, S.C. Chand and Company Ltd.

9. Sharma, R.N. (2001) : Samajshastra Ke Sidhant, New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers.

Further Readings :

1. Broom, L. and P. Selznick : Sociology, New York : Harper and Row.

(1968)

2. Berger, Peter L. (1998) : Invitation to Sociology : A Humanistic Perspective, U.S.A. :

Pelican Books.

3. Giddens, Anthony (2001) : Sociology : A Textbook for the Nineties, London : Polity.

4. Haralambos, M. (1998) : Sociology : Themes & Perspectives, New Delhi : Oxford

University Press.

5. Schaefer, Richard, T. and : Sociology, New Delhi : Tata-McGraw Hill.

Robert P. Lamm (1999)
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 121

SOCIOLOGY
SEMESTER - II
SOCIOLOGY STRATIFICATION
Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES :

(i) For written paper, the students will be required to attempt five questions in all. Question No. I will
be compulsory comprising of 12 short answer type questions of 2 marks each and will cover the
entire syllabus. The students are required to attempt nine short answer type questions out of 12,
i.e. 9 X 2 = 18 marks.
In addition to it, Question Nos. II to IX will consist of long answer (essay type) questions, two
questions from each Unit with internal choice carrying 18 marks each i.e. 4 X 18 = 72 marks. .
(ii) On an average, 15 hours are to be devoted for each Unit.
(iii) For private candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for internal assessment, the marks secured
by them in theory paper will proportionately be increased to maximum marks of the paper in lieu of
internal assessment.
The paper-setter must put note (iii) in the question paper.

Objective :
All over the world, social groups are differentiated from one another and often ranked in terms of certain
criteria. In this paper, students are exposed to the theoretical understanding of social stratification. In the
Indian context, it is pertinent to apprise the students of the concept of social mobility and various factors
that contribute to it. The major purpose of this course is to prepare the students to understand the hierarchical
structure of groups in various societies and help them understand the social mobility.

Course Content
Unit-I

Social Stratification – Meaning, feature and functions; Inequalities – Social and Natural.
Elements : Differentiation, Hierarchy, Ranking, Reward, Evaluation.

Unit-II

Theories of Social Stratification :

Functionalist – Davis and Moore.
Conflict – Marx.
Class, Status, Party – Weber.

Unit-III

Forms of Social stratification: Caste, Class, Race and Gender. Interface between caste and class.
 122 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Unit-IV

Social Mobility – Meaning, types, factors.

Indicators – Education, Occupation, Income.

Essential Readings :

1. Bendix, R. & Lipset, S.M. (1974) : Class, Status & Power : Social Stratification in Comparative
Perspective, London : Routledge & Kegan Paul.
2. Ghurye, G.S. (1983) : Caste, Class and Occupation, Bombay : Popular Prakashan.
3. Giddens, Anthony (2001) : Sociology : A Text Book for the Nineties, London : Polity.
4. Haralambos, M. (1998) : Sociology : Themes and Perspectives, New Delhi : Oxford
University Press.
5. Johnson, Harry, M. (1998) : Sociology : A Systematic Introduction, Delhi : Allied
Publishers.
6. Macionis, John J. (2005) : Society : The Basics, New York : Prentice Hall.
7. Sharma, K.L. (1980) : Essays in Social Stratification, Jaipur : Rawat.
8. Tumin, M. (1987) : Social Stratification, New Delhi : Prentice Hall.

Further Readings :

1. Beteille, Andre (ed.) (1978) : Social Inequality, Auckland : Penguin Books.

2. Beteille, Andre (1996) : "Varna & Jati", Sociological Bulletin, Vol. 45, No. 1
(March) Pages 15-27.
3. Culvert (1982) : The Concept of Class, London : Hutchinson.
4. Gupta, Dipankar (1991) : Social Stratification, New Delhi : Oxford University Press.
5. Hughes, John et al (1995) : Understanding Classical Sociology, Marx, Weber &
Durkheim, London : Sage.
6. Richardson, C.J. (1977) : Contemporary Social Mobility, L and Francies Printer.
7 Inglis David & John Bone (ed) : Social Stratification Dimensions of Social Stratification
(2006) Caste ethnicity & Gender Taylor & Francis
8 Levine, Rhona (ed) (2006) : Social class & Stratification Rowman & Littlefield
Publishers.
9 Samdna Peter (1990) : Social class & Stratification Routledge, N.Y.
10 Giddens, Anthony & Sutton : Sociology: Introductory Readings Polity Press, Malden:
W.Philip (2007) M.A.
11 Schaefer, Richard, T. (2010) : Sociology: A brief Introductions Tata Mcgraw Hill., N.Y.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 123

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
SEMESTER - I

PAPER : ADMINISTRATIVE THEORY

Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours

Objective of the Paper :

The objective of this paper is to acquaint the student with the basic concepts and principles of Public
Administration. In addition, the paper would trace the evolution of Public Administration and its
relationship with other social sciences.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES :
For Private/University School of Open Learning (USOL) students, who have not been assessed
earlier for the internal assessment, the marks secured by them in the paper will proportionately
be increased in lieu of the internal assessment.
The paper-setter must put a note in question paper in this regard.
The candidate shall attempt 5 questions in all (one compulsory and one each from four units).
The first compulsory question shall comprise of 12 short-answer type questions, covering the
whole syllabus, to be answered in 25-30 words each, out of which the candidate would be
required to attempt any 9. Each question will carry 2 marks. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units,
each Unit having two questions, out of which the candidate would be required to attempt one. Each
question will carry 18 marks.

Unit-I

Meaning, Nature, Scope and Significance of Public Administration; Evolution of Public Administration since
1887; Public and Private Administration; Relationship of Public Administration with other Social Sciences.

Unit-II

Organization: Meaning, Types; Formal and Informal Organization

Meaning and features of the forms of organization: Department, Public Corporation and Government.
Company.
Principles of Organization: Hierarchy, Span of Control, Unity of Command, Authority and Responsibility.

Unit-III
Chief Executive, Line and Staff Agencies, Centralisation and Decentralisation, Decision Making

Unit-IV

Coordination: Concept, Methods and Hindrances

Communication: Concept, Process and Barriers
Leadership: Concept, Styles, Qualities of a Good Leader
124 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Essential Readings :

1. Felix A. Nigro and Llyod G. Nigro : Modern Public Administration (New York : Harper
and Row, 1970).

2. Mohit Bhattacharya : Public Administration : Structure, Process

and Behaviour (Calcutta : World Press, 2002).

3. Rumki Basu : Introduction to Public Administration (New Delhi:

Sterling Publishers, 1990).

4. Chander Mohan Mahajan : Elements of Public Administration (Patiala : Publication

Bureau (Panjabi) Punjabi University).

5. S.L. Goel : Public Administration : Theory and Practice

(New Delhi : Deep & Deep Publishers, 2003).

6. Sahib Singh and Swinder Singh : Public Administration : Theory and Practice (Jalandhar :
New Academic, 2007).

7. K.K. Puri and G.S. Barara : Elements of Public Administration (Jalandhar : Bharat
Parkashan, 2010).

8. M.P. Sharma and Sadana : Public Administration in Theory and Practice

(Allahabad : Kitab Mahal, 2009).

9. Fadia B.L. and Fadia Kuldeep : Public Administration: Administrative Theories and
Concepts (Agra: Sahitya Bhawan Publication, 2011).

10. R. K. Sapru : Administrative Theories and Management Thought

(New Delhi, Prentice-Hall of India, 2008).

11. Avasti and Maheswari : Public Administration (Agra, Laxminarayan Aggarwal

Publication, 2011).

12. Rumki Basu : Public Administration: Theory and Concept (New

Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 2008).

13. Pundrik Ojha and Kiran Sharma : Public Administration: Theory and Practice (Jalandhar:
Raj Publishers, 2009).

14. Mohit Bhattacharya : New Horizons of Public Administration, Jawahar

Publishers & Distributers, New Delhi, 2012.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 125

Further Readings :

1. E. N. Gladden : An Introduction to Public Administration (London :

Staples Press, 1964).
2. John, M. Pfiffner and R. Vance : Public Administration (New York : Ronald Press, 1953).
Presthus
3. A.T. Phillip and K.H. Sivaji Rao : Indian Government and Politics (New Delhi : Sterling
Publishers, 1989).
4. H. Koontz and Cyril O’Donnel : Principles of Management: An Analysis of Managerial
Functions (New York : McGraw Hill, 1972).
5. Nicholas Henry : Public Administration and Public Affairs (New Jersey:
Prentice Hall, 2008).

6. Robert T. Golembiewski : Public Administration as a Developing Discipline (New

York : Marcel Dekker, 1977).
7. John M. Pfiffner and Frank : Admininstrative Organization (New Delhi : Prentice
P. Sherwood Hall, 1960).
8. Peter Self : Administrative Theories and Politics (London: George
Allen and Unwin, 1972).
9. S.P. Naidu : Public Administration: Concept and Theories (New
Delhi, New Age International Publication).
10. Pundrik Ojha and Kiran Sharma : Public Administration: Theory and Practice (Jalandhar :
Raj Publishers, 2012).
 126 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
SEMESTER - II

PAPER : : INDIAN ADMINISTRATION

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours

Objective of the Paper:

The objective of this paper is to give the student an in-depth understanding of various aspects of Indian
administration particularly the functioning of executive, legislature and judiciary at the union and state levels.
It would also make them aware of the bureaucratic set up at these levels.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTERS AND CANDIDATES

For Private/University School of Open Learning (USOL) students, who have not been assessed earlier for the
internal assessment, the marks secured by them in the paper will proportionately be increased in lieu of the
internal assessment.

The Paper-Setter must put a note in question paper in this regard.

The candidate shall attempt 5 questions in all (one compulsory and one each from four units). The first
compulsory question shall comprise of 12 short-answer type questions, covering the whole syllabus, to be
answered in 25-30 words each, out of which the candidate would be required to attempt any 9. Each question
will carry 2 marks. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units, each unit having two questions, out of which the
candidate would be required to attempt one. Each question will carry 18 marks.

Unit-I
Features of Indian Administration
Union Executive: President; Prime Minister, and Council of Ministers
Union Legislature: Lok Sabha - Composition and Functions; Rajya Sabha – Composition and Functions

Unit-II

State Executive: Governor, Chief Minister and State Council of Ministers

State-Legislature: Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council - Composition and Functions
Centre-State Relations: Administrative and Legislative

Unit-III

Union and State Judiciary: Supreme Court – Composition and Functions

High Court – Composition and Functions
Control over Administration: Legislative and Judicial
Delegated Legislation: Meaning, Reasons and Safeguards
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 127

Unit-IV

Cabinet Secretary – Powers, Functions and Role

Chief Secretary – Powers, Functions and Role
District Administration: Structure and Functions

Essential Readings :

1. A. Avasthi : Central Administration (New Delhi:

Tata McGraw Hill, 1980)

2. S.R. Maheshwari : State Government in India (New

Delhi: Mc. Millan, 1979)

3. R.K. Sapru : Indian Administration (Ludhiana:

Kalyani Publishers, 2001)

4. K.K.Puri : Indian Administration (Jalandhar :

Bharat Prakashan, 2006)

5. Sahib Singh and Swinder Singh : Public Administration: Theory and

Practice, (Jalandhar: New Academic, 2007)

6. Fadia, B.L. and Fadia, Kuldeep : Indian Administration: (Agra: Sahitya Bhawan
Publication, 2011)

7. Arora, Ramesh. K and Chaturvedi Geeta : Indian Public Administration: Institution and
Issues, (New Delhi, Wishwas Prakashan, 2000)

8. S.R. Maheshwari : Indian Administration (New Delhi, Orient

Longman, 2001)

9. P.D. Sharma, B.M. Sharma : Indian Administraion Retrospect and Prospect

(Jaipur: Rawat Publication, 2009)

Further Readings :

1. M.V.Pylee : Constitutional Government in India

(Bombay: Asia, 1965)

……………………………
128 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

PHILOSOPHY

SEMESTER – I

Outlines of Tests, Syllabi and Courses of Reading

Paper : ELEMENTS OF PHILOSOPHY

Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours
Lectures : 75

AIMS & OBJECTIVES :

The aim of this paper is to familiarize the students with the subject, its branches, problems and methods.
The contents of this paper provide the students with a wider canvas about tackling day-to-day problems
from a larger perspective.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES :

(i) There shall be 9 questions in all.

(ii) The first question shall be of short answer type containing 15 short questions spread over the whole
syllabus and each to be answered in about 25-30 words. The candidate is required to attempt any 9
short answer type questions i.e. 2 marks of each. It shall carry 18 marks and shall be compulsory
question.
(iii) Rest of the paper shall contain 4 Units and each Unit shall have two questions with internal choice.
The candidates shall attempt one question from each Unit i.e. – 4 in all.
(iv) For private and reappear candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for internal assessment, the
marks secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be increased to maximum marks of the
paper in lieu of internal assessment.
The paper-setter must put note (iv) in the question paper.

Unit-I

1. Nature of Philosophy (Introduction).

2. Problems of Philosophy with special focus on social equality, self knowledge and rationality.
3. Methods of Philosophy : Critical and Reflective approach.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 129

Unit-II

4. Introduction to main branches of Philosophy : Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Social

Philosophy and Aesthetics (The interrelation between the branches will be focused).
5. Relation of Philosophy with Science and Religion.

Unit-III

6. Ethics and Social Philosophy : Good life and Good Society.

7. Morality in Public life.
8. Morality in Personal life.
9. Individual and Society.

Unit-IV

10. State and Civil Society.

11. Tolerance : Respect for Cultural Pluralism and Social diversities.
12. Justice : Virtue, Fairness, Equality.
13. Caste System in India : Jyoti Ba Phule, Gandhi, Ambedkar.

Essential Readings :

1. Avtar Singh : Ethics of Sikhs, Punjabi University, Patiala, 1972.

2. G.L. Chandramani : Hitopadesa, Jaico Publishing House, 1995.

3. Mandukya Upanisad, : Varanasi Bhartiya Vidya Prakashan, 1966.

Yamuna Prasad Tripathi

4. Narvane, V.S. : Modern Indian Thought, Orient Longman Publishers,

1978.
5. Titus, H.H. : Living Issues in Philosophy, Oxford University, 1993.

Suggested Readings :

1. Aesop’s Fables : Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1998.

2. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar : Annihilation of Caste, Navayana Publishers, New Delhi, 1936.
3. Jyotiba Phule : Gulamgiri (The Slavery), Hindi Translator S. Murti, Cultural
Publishers, Lucknow, 3rd Ed. 1994.
4. Narayana Hitopadesa : Translated from Sanskrit by A.B.D. Haksar, Penguin Books, 1998.
130 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

PHILOSOPHY
SEMESTER-II

Paper : LOGIC

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours
Lectures : 75

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES :

This paper aims at a systematic study of the Science of Logic which is the most effective means of
developing logical abstract thinking in us. It tries to provide students with a mastery of Logic so that they
can think in clearer terms and be less prone to error.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES :

(i) There shall be 9 questions in all.

(ii) The first question shall be of short answer type containing 15 short questions spread over the whole
syllabus and each to be answered in about 25-30 words. The candidate is required to attempt any 9
short answer type questions i.e. 2 marks of each. It shall carry 18 marks and shall be compulsory
question.

(iii) Rest of the paper shall contain 4 Units and each Unit shall have two questions with internal choice.
The candidate shall attempt one question from each Unit i.e. – 4 in all.

(iv) For private and reappear candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for internal assessment, the
marks secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be increased to maximum marks of the
paper in lieu of internal assessment.
The paper-setter must put note (iv) in the question paper.

Unit-I

1. Nature, Scope and Utility of Logic.

2. Terms and Propositions : Kinds of Terms, Connotation and Denotation of Terms. Aristotle’s
classification of proposition (Square of Opposition—Contradictories), Contraries, Sub-Contraries
and Sub-Alterns.

Unit-II

3. Laws of Thought : Identity, Contradiction, Excluded Middle and Sufficient Reason.

4. Argument : Immediate Inference and Mediate Inference. Some kinds of immediate inference :
Conversion, Obversion, Contraposition, Inversion.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 131

Unit-III

5. Categorical Syllogism : The Structure and Rules of validity of Pure Categorical Syllogism, Figures
and moods, Fallacies of Syllogism.
6. Introduction to Truth-Tables, Negation, Conjunction, Disjunction, Implications and Equivalences.

Unit-IV

7. Nature of Induction : Distinction between Deduction and Induction.

8. Kinds of Induction.
9. Causation : Nature of Cause, Plurality of Causes.

Essential Readings :

1. Copi, I. M. : Introduction to Logic (N.Y., Macmillan, 1972, Hindi

Translation available); London : Routledge and Kegan Paul.

2. Copi, Irvin M. : Introduction to Symbolic Logic (Prentice Hall of India),

New Delhi, 1998.

3. Cohen and Nagel : Introduction to Logic and Scientific Method (Allied

Publishers), New Delhi, 2000.

Suggested Readings :

1. Alice Ambrose, Morris : Fundamentals of Symbolic Logic, revised ed., Holt,

Lazerowitz Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1962.

2. F.H. Bradley : The Principles of Logic, Oxford University Press, London,

1950.

3. John Dewey : Logic, Henry Holt and Company, New York, 1938.

--------------------------
132 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

PSYCHOLOGY
SEMESTER –I

Objectives :

(I) The course introduces to the students the general concepts and historical viewpoints in general
psychology. The students would also get an understanding of the principles and theories in different
areas like personality, motivation, intelligence, etc. The course also apprises them of the concept of
growth and development and also introduces them to the elementary statistics.

(II) Pedagogy of the Course Work :

80% Lectures (including expert lectures).
20% assignments, discussion and seminars and tests.

Paper : GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY-I

Max. Marks : 80
Theory : 70 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES :

There shall be 9 questions in all. The first question shall be short answer type containing 12 short questions
spread over the whole syllabus and each to be answered in about 25 to 30 words. The candidate is required
to attempt any 7 short answer type questions i.e. 2 marks of each. It shall carry 14 marks and shall be
Compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 Units. Each Unit shall have two questions and
the candidates shall be given internal choice i.e. the candidates shall attempt one question from each Unit
– 4 in all. Each question will carry 14 marks.

Unit I

Nature of Psychology, Goals and Branches of Psychology.

Perspectives of Psychology:

a) Brief Introduction: Associationism, Functionalism, Structuralism

b) Psychoanalysis, Behaviourism, Cognitive

Unit II

Emotions : Definitions and Concept of Emotions, Types of Emotions, Measurement of Emotions.

Theories of Emotions (James–Lange, Cannon Bard)

Unit III

Method of Psychology: Experimental Method, Observational Method.

Sampling Techniques, Survey Method.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 133

Unit IV

Motivation: Definition, Nature, Concept. Types of Motivation: Extrinsic and Intrinsic, Theories of Motivation:
Humanistic (Maslow). Need Theories (McClelland and Murray).

Note : The use of non-programmable calculators and statistical tables are allowed in the examination.

PSYCHOLOGY PRACTICALS Max. Marks : 20

Time : 3 Hrs.

Four practicals have to be performed out of six :

1. Levels of Aspiration.

2. Facial Expressions in Emotions

3. Public Opinion Survey.

4. Measurement of Motivation

5. Zeigarnik Effect

6. Familiarization of any five apparatuses

Books Recommended :

Essential Readings :

1. Ciccarelli, D. (2008): Introduction to Psychology, Delhi: Pearson.

2. Garrett, H.E. (1966) : Statistics in Psychology and Education, New Delhi : Vakils, Feffer
and Simons.

3. Kerlinger, F. N. (1964) : Foundations of Behavioural Research, New York Rinehart and Winston.

4. Morgan, C.T., King, : Introduction to Psychology, Singapore : McGraw Hill.

R.A., Weisz, J.R. and
Schopler, J. (1987)

Reference Books :

1. Baron, R.A. (2003) : Psychology, New Delhi : Pearson Education.

2. Das, J.P. (1998) : The Working Mind: An Introduction to Psychology New Delhi: Sage.

3. Feldman, R.S. (1998) : Understanding Psychology, New Delhi : Tata McGraw Hill.

4. Guilford, J.P. and : Fundamental Statistics in Psychology and Education, Singapore :

McGraw Hill.
5. Garrett, H. E. (1966) : Statistics in Psychology and Education, New Delhi, Vakils, feffer and
Simons.
134 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

PSYCHOLOGY
SEMESTER –II

Objectives :

(I) The course introduces to the students the general concepts and historical viewpoints in general
psychology. The students would also get an understanding of the principles and theories in different
areas like personality, motivation, intelligence, etc. The course also apprises them of the concept of
growth and development and also introduces them to the elementary statistics.

(II) Pedagogy of the Course Work :

80% Lectures (including expert lectures).
20% assignments, discussion and seminars and tests.

Paper : GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY-II

Max. Marks : 80
Theory : 70 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES :

There shall be 9 questions in all. The first question shall be short answer type containing 12 short questions
spread over the whole syllabus and each to be answered in about 25 to 30 words. The candidate is required
to attempt any 7 short answer type questions i.e. 2 marks of each. It shall carry 14 marks and shall be
Compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 Units. Each Unit shall have two questions and
the candidates shall be given internal choice i.e. the candidates shall attempt one question from each Unit
– 4 in all. Each question will carry 14 marks.

Unit I

Personality – Concept, Trait Theories (Eysenck); Costa snd MCrae, Psychoanalytic Theory – (Freud).

Humanistic Theory (Rogers Measurement of Personality (Self Report) Measures, Perspective, Projective
Methods and Behavioural Assessment)

Unit II

Statistics: Graphical Representation of Data; Measures of Central Tendency and Variabilty

Correlation : Meaning of correlation, Rank Order and Product Moment; Calculation and Interpretaiton.

Note : The use of non-programmable calculators and statistical tables is allowed in the examination.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 135

Unit III

Development: Concept, Heredity and Environmental Influences. Theories of Development: Erickson and
Piaget’s theory of Cognitive Development.

Unit IV

Intelligence : Concept, Theories of Intelligence: Spearman, Thurstone, Caneirs Guilford’s Measurement of

Intelligence (Verbal and Non Verbal; Indual and Group Tests).

PSYCHOLOGY PRACTICALS
Max Marks : 20
Time : 3 Hrs.

Four practicals have to be performed out of the following :

1. Verbal Test of Intelligence

2. Non Verbal Test of Intelligence
3. Performance Test of Intelligence.
4. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire- Revised
5. Interest Inventory
6. Familiarization of any five apparatuses

Books Recommended :
Essential Readings :

1. Ciccarelli, D. (2008) : Introduction to Psychology, Delhi: Pearson.

2. Jain, S. (2000) : Introduction to Psychology, New Delhi: Kalyani
3. Kerlinger, F.N. (1964) : Foundations of Behavioural Research, New York Holy,
Tinvhsty snf Eindyon.
4. Morgan, C.T., King, R.A., Weisz, : Introduction to Psychology, Singapore: McGraw Hill
J.R. and Schopler, J. (1987)

Reference Books :

1. Baron, R.A. (2002) : Psychology, New Delhi : Pearson Education.

2. Das, J.P. (1998) : The Working Mind: An Introduction to Psychology, New

Delhi: Sage.

3. Feldman, R.S. (1996) : Understanding Psychology, New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill.

4. Guilford, J.P., and Fruchter, : Fundamental Statistics in Psychology and Education

B. (1981) Singapore: McGraw Hill.

5. Garrett, H.E. (1966) : Statistics in Psychology and Education, New Delhi Vakils,
Feffer and Simons.

…………………………………
136 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

GEOGRAPHY
SEMESTER - I
Paper-I : PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY-I : Geomorphology
Max. Marks : 70
Theory : 60 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours

Objectives:
The course aims to familiarize the students with the fundamental concepts in physical geography, essentially
geomorphology.

Course Content: UNIT-I

Nature & Scope of Geography: Place of Physical Geography within the discipline (8 lectures)
of Geography, Divisions of Physical Geography (Geomorphology, Climatology
Oceanography and Biogeography).

Interior of the Earth: Constitution, Isostasy, Continental Drift (with special reference to (12 lectures)
Wegener’s Theory and Plate Tectonics).

UNIT-II

Movements of the Earth : Orogenic and Epeirogenic (with special reference to Geosyncline (20 lectures)
theory); landforms resulting from forces of Compression and Tension; Earthquakes and
Volcanoes (causes, types and distribution)

UNIT-III

Rocks: Origin, classification and characteristics. (8 lectures)

Major Land Forms: Mountains, plateaus and plains in the world. (10 lectures)

UNIT-IV

Geomorphic Agents and Landscapes: Fluvial, Glacial, Aeolian, Coastal and Karst. (22 lectures)
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 137

Note : 1. A compulsory question containing 15 short answer type questions shall be set
covering the whole syllabus. The students shall attempt any 10 parts. The answer of each
part should be in about 25 words. Each part will carry 2 marks (Total 20 marks).
2. The whole syllabus will be divided into 4 Units. Eight questions will be set out of the
whole syllabus, two from each Unit. The students will be required to attempt one question
from each Unit. Each question will carry 10 marks (Total 40 marks). These will be in
addition to the compulsory question.
3. Special credit will be given to suitable use of maps and diagrams. Use of unmarked map
stencils and colour pens/pencils are allowed.
4. Internal assessment will be based on written assignments, snap tests, participation in
discussion in the class, term papers, attendance etc.
5. For USOL, reappear/improvement candidates(s) who have not been assessed earlier for
Internal Assessment, the question paper(s) in their case shall be of Maximum Marks
allotted to the paper(s) concerned.
The paper-setter must put note (5) in the question paper

List of Readings :

Essential Readings:
1. Blij, H.J. De & Petor O. Muller : Physical Geography of the Global Environment, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., New York, 1996.

2 Bryant, R.H. : Physical Geography, Rupa Publications India Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi, 2011.
3. Hussain, Majid : Fundamentals of Physical Geography (3rd Edition), Rawat
Publication, Jaipur, 2011.
4. Hyndman, D. and D. Hyndman : Natural Hazards and Disasters (2nd Edition), Brooks/Cole
Cengage Learning, Belmont, USA, 2009.

5. Khan, Nizamuddin : An Introduction to Physical Geography, Concept Publishing

Company, New Delhi, 2001.

6. Lal, D.S. : Physical Geography, Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad, 2012.

7. Monkhouse, F.J. : Principles of Physical Geography (8th Edition), Hodder &

Stoughton, London, UK, 1975
8. Pal, Saroj K. : Physical Geography of India : A Study in Regional Earth
Sciences, Orient Longman, Calcutta, 1998.
9. Petersen, J.F., D. Sack and R.E. : Physical Geography (10th Edition), Brooks/Cole Cengage
Gabler Learning, Belmont, USA, 2011

10. Singh, Savindra : Physical Geography, Gyanodya Prakashan, Gorakhpur, 2012.

11. Strahler, Alan H. and Arthur N. : Modern Physical Geography, John Wiley, New York, 2003.
Strahler
138 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Further Readings:

1. Bunnett, R.B. : Physical Geography in Diagrams, Pearson Education, Noida,

1987.

2. Dayal, P. : A Text Book of Geomorphology, Shukla Book Depot, Patna,

1995.
3. Dury, G.H. : The Face of the Earth, Penguin, England, 1973.
.4. Gass, I.G. : Understanding the Earth, The Artemis Press, Sussex, 1973.

5. Gautam, Alka Geomorphology, Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad, 2012.

6. Kaur, Dhian : The Earth, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, 2000.

7. Kale, V. and Gupta, A. : Elements of Geomorphology, Oxford University Press,

Calcutta, 2001.
8. Mamoria, C.P. and Niati, J.L. : Bhautic Bhoogol Ke Tatwa (in Hindi), Agra, 1976.

9. Singh, Savindra : Geomorphology, Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad, 2004.

10. Sparks, B.W. : Geomorphology, Longman, London, 1986.

11. Thornbury, W.D. : Principles of Geomorphology, Second Edition, Wiley Eastern

Ltd., New Delhi, 1993.

Pedagogy:
• Use of Audio-visual aids, maps, diagrams and other forms of illustrations especially in the
Indian context are recommended.
• Relevant educational field trips must be arranged to illustrate the theory being taught.

Paper-II: CARTOGRAPHY-I Max. Marks: 30

Time : 3 Hours
Written paper of 3 hours duration at college level (except USOL) : 20 marks
Viva and Practical Record (5+5) : 10 marks
Objective:
• To introduce the concept of maps and relevance of maps in Geography.
• To explain the elements of Map (Scale and Orientation) and steps in Map making.
• To introduce relief representation.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 139

Course Content:

UNIT-I

Maps: Brief history of map making and types of maps.

Geometry of the Earth: Latitude, Longitude (Time Zones and International Date Line), Size and Shape of
the Earth. (3 lectures, 6 lab sessions)

UNIT-II

Scales: Methods of representing scale;

Methods of construction of Graphic scales: Plain, Comparative, Time and Diagonal.
(6 lectures, 12 Lab. sessions)
UNIT-III

Directions and Bearings: Plotting of a course, True North, Magnetic North, finding True North with the Pole
star, a watch and a rod; Bearing and its conversion. (6 lectures, 12 Lab. sessions)

UNIT-IV

Representation of Relief: Hill-shading, Hachures, and Layer Tints, Spot heights, Benchmarks, Contours.
(6 lectures, 12 Lab. sessions)

Note :
1. The written and practical examination including viva-voce shall be conducted at the respective
college itself except USOL. However, the format of the question paper shall be uniform. For college
students, a separate paper of 20 marks shall be prepared by the University from the prescribed
syllabus.
2. Practical examination at the respective colleges shall be conducted by one internal and one external
examiner. The external examiner shall be appointed by the Principal of the respective colleges in
consultation with the senior most teacher of Geography in the college.
3. For students of USOL, a written theory paper for 20 marks shall be conducted by the
University along with the University examination. A separate paper of 20 marks shall be
prepared for USOL students from the prescribed syllabus.
4. A compulsory question containing 6 short answer type questions shall be set covering the whole
syllabus. The students shall attempt any 4 parts. The answer of each part should be in about 25 words.
Each part will carry 1 mark (Total 4 Marks).
5. The whole syllabus has been divided into 4 Units. Eight questions will be set out of the whole
syllabus, i.e. 2 from each Unit. Each question will carry 4 marks (Total 16 marks). The students will
be required to attempt one question from each Unit. These will be in addition to the compulsory
question.
6. Evaluation of Practical Record will be done at the time of viva-voce examination. A minimum of 15
sheets are to be prepared by the students. There will be no laboratory exercise at that time.
7. There will be no viva-voce examination for the candidates appearing through USOL.They will be
required to submit their Practical Note Book (Practical files) with the University School of Open
Learning (Department of Geography) at least 10 days before the commencement of their
examination. Their Note Books (Practical files) will be evaluated by two examiners (including at
least one from the USOL).
 140 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

8. For the students of University School of Open Learning, there will be an internal assessment
of 10 marks in lieu of the viva-voce examination.
9. A fresh practical note book shall be prepared by failed/improvement candidates.
10. For practical classes, the number of students in one group shall not exceed fifteen.
11. There will be 3 hours of teaching per week for this paper.
12. For USOL, reappear/improvement candidates(s) who have not been assessed earlier for Internal
Assessment, the question paper(s) in their case shall be of Maximum Marks allotted to the paper(s)
concerned.
The paper-setter must put note (12) in the question paper.

List of Readings
Essential Readings:
1. Dink, Phyllis: Map Work, Atma Ram & Sons, 1962.
2. Khullar, D.R.: Essentials of Practical Geography, New Academic Publishing Company, Jalandhar,
2003.
3. Mishra, R.P. & Ramesh, A.: Fundamentals of Cartography, Concept Publishing Co., New Delhi,
1989.
4. Sarkar, Asish: Practical Geography: A Systematic Approach (2nd Edition), Orient BlackSwan,
Hyderabad, 2011.
5. Singh, Gopal: Map Work and Practical Geography, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,
2009.
6. Singh, R.L. & P.B. Singh: Map Work and Practical Geography, Central Book Depot,
Raghunandan Allahabad, 2007.

Further Readings:
1. Bagulia, A.M.: Practical Geography, Anmol Publications Pvt. Limited, New Delhi, 2006.
2. Monkhouse, F.J. & Wilkinson, H.R.: Maps and Diagrams, Methuen & Co., London, Third Edition,
1976.
3. Rather, G.M.: A Text of Practical Geography, Arina Publishers, New Delhi, 2011.
4. Robinson et al.: Elements of Cartography (6th Edition), Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2009.
Pedagogy:
• The use of topographical sheets of Survey of India
• A well equipped cartographic laboratory with necessary instruments to prepare exercises.

----------------------
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 141

GEOGRAPHY
SEMESTER - II
Paper-III: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY-II: Climatology & Oceanography

Max. Marks : 70
Theory : 60 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours
Objectives:

• To acquaint the students with the elements and attributes of climatology and oceanography
• To underscore the role of climate in human life
• To emphasize the significance of oceans within the global environmental system

Course Content:
UNIT-I

Definition of Climatology: Concepts of Climate and Weather, Nature and Scope of Climatology. (2 Lectures)
Climate: Elements and Controls. (4 Lectures)
Physical Structure of the Atmosphere: Troposphere, Tropopause, Stratosphere, Ozonosphere, (6 Lectures)
Mesosphere, Thermosphere and Exosphere ( attributes of these layers).
Physical and Chemical Composition of the Atmosphere: Dust particles, Vapour Particles, Active (2 Lectures)
gases, Inert gases.
Insolation and Temperature: Distribution of Insolation (horizontal); Distribution of Temperature (6 Lectures)
(vertical, horizontal, annual, seasonal and diurnal)

UNIT-II

Atmospheric Pressure and Wind Distribution: Atmospheric disturbances: Tropical Cyclones, (8 Lectures)
Temperate Cyclones and Anticyclones.
Atmospheric Moisture: Condensation forms: cloud, dew, fog, frost and snow. (8 Lectures)
Precipitation: forms and types, world patterns (spatial and seasonal).
Introduction to Koppen’s classification of world climate (4 lectures)
Role of Climate in Human Life : Atmospheric pollution and global warming: causes, consequences (4 lectures)
and measures of control

UNIT-III

Oceanography : Definition, Nature and Scope (5 lectures)

Topography of the Ocean Basins; Continental Shelf, Continental Slope, Abyssal Plain,
Ridges, Deeps and Trenches (5 lectures)
Temperature and Salinity of ocean waters: World patterns and controlling factors (6 lectures)

UNIT-IV

Movements of Oceanic Waters: Waves, Tides and Currents; Surface currents of the oceans;
Role of Ocean Currents in heat distribution over the globe. (10 lectures)
Marine Deposits and Corals: Origin and types. (10 lectures)
 142 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Note : 1. A compulsory question containing 15 short answer type questions shall be set covering the
whole syllabus. The students shall attempt any 10 parts. The answer of each part should be about
25 words. Each part will carry 2 marks (Total 20 marks).

2. The whole syllabus will be divided into 4 Units. Eight questions will be set out of the whole
syllabus, two from each Unit. The students will be required to attempt one question from each
Unit. Each question will carry 10 marks. These will be in addition to the compulsory question I.

3. Special credit will be given to suitable use of maps and diagrams. Use of unmarked map
stencils and colour pens/pencils are allowed.
4. Internal assessment will be based on written assignments, snap tests, participation in discussion
in the class, term papers, attendance etc.

5. For USOL, reappear/improvement candidates(s) who have not been assessed earlier for Internal
Assessment, the question paper(s) in their case shall be of Maximum Marks allotted to the
paper(s) concerned.

The paper-setter must put note (5) in the question paper.

Essential Readings :

1. Critchfield, H.J. : General Climatology,Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd., New Delhi, 1975
2. Frederick K. and : The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, Prentice Hall of India
Edward J. Tarbuck Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1995.
3. Hess Darrel, : Mcknight's Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation (2011).
Dennis G Tasa
4. Khan, N. : An Introduction to Physical Geography, Concept, New Delhi, 2001.
5. Lal, D.S. : Climatology, Chaitanya Publishing House, Allahabad, 2009.
6. Sharma, R.C : Oceanography for Geographers, Chetnya, Allahabad, 2005.
and Vatal, M
7. Singh, Malkit : Dimensions in Physical Geography, Rasmeet Parkashan, Jalandhar 2012.
8. Singh, Savindra : Climatology, Prayag Pustak Bhavan, Allahabad, 2004.
9. Trewartha, G.T. : An Introduction to Climate, McGraw Hill Book Co., New Delhi,
International Student Edition, 1980.

Further Readings :

1. Bhutani, Smita : Our Atmosphere, Edited by R.C. Chandna, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana,
Delhi, 2000.
2 Bunnett, R.B. Physical Geography in Diagrams, Pearson Education, Noida, 1987.
3. Gross, Grant M. : Oceanography : A View of the Earth, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1975.
4. Monkhouse, F.J. : The Principles of Physical Geography, University of London Press, London,
1959.
5. Pattersen, S. : Introduction to Meteorology, McGraw Hill Book Co., London, 2011
6. Stringer, E.T. : Foundations of Climatology, Surjeet Publications, Delhi, 1982.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 143

Pedagogy:

• Conscious effort be made to make the students aware of the significance of climate and oceans to
human life.
• Use of Slides, photographs and documentaries on climates and oceans strongly recommended.

Paper-IV: CARTOGRAPHY-II Max. Marks: 30

Time : 3 Hours
Written paper of 3 hours duration at college level (except USOL) : 20 marks
Viva and Practical Record (10+10) : 10 marks

Objective:
• To introduce the concept of maps and relevance of maps in Geography
• To explain the elements of Map (Scale and Orientation) and steps in Map making
• To introduce relief representation and weather symbolization on maps

COURSE CONTENT

UNIT-I
Brief History of Cartography
Elements of Map Design (6 lectures, 12lab sessions)

UNIT-II

Enlargement and Reduction of Maps: Graphic methods – Square and Similar Triangles.
Introduction to concept of Global Positioning System (GPS).

(6 lectures, 12 Lab. sessions)

UNIT-III

Interpretation of Indian Weather Maps: General introduction to the study of weather maps, the scheme of
weather symbols including Beaufort’s scale employed in Indian Daily Weather Maps.

(6 lectures, 12 lab. sessions)

UNIT-IV
Weather in India: Summer season (period of summer monsoon), winter season, Weather Forecasting through
the study of weather maps and recent advances in weather forecasting.
(6 lectures, 12 lab. sessions)
 144 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Note :

1. The written and practical examination including viva-voce shall be conducted at the respective
college itself except USOL. However, the format of the question paper shall be uniform. A separate
paper of 30 marks shall be prepared for colleges by the University from the prescribed syllabus.
2. Practical examination at the respective colleges shall be conducted by one internal and one
external examiner. The external examiner shall be appointed by the Principal of the respective
colleges in consultation with the senior most teacher of Geography in the college.
3. For students of USOL, a written theory paper for 20 marks shall be conducted by the
University along with the University examination. A separate paper of 20 marks shall be
prepared for USOL students from the prescribed syllabus.
4. A compulsory question containing 6 short answer type questions shall be set covering the whole
syllabus. The students shall attempt any 4 parts. The answer of each part should be about 25 words.
Each part will carry 1 mark (Total 4 Marks).
5. The whole syllabus has been divided into 4 Units. Eight questions will be set out of the whole
syllabus, i.e. 2 from each Unit. Each question will carry 4 marks The students will be required to
attempt one question from each Unit. These will be in addition to the compulsory question I.
6. Evaluation of Practical Record will be done at the time of viva-voce examination. A minimum of 15
sheets are to be prepared by the students. There will be no laboratory exercise at that time.
7. There will be no viva-voce examination for the candidates appearing through USOL. They will
be required to submit their Practical Note Book (Practical files) with the University School of
Open Learning (Department of Geography) at least 10 days before the commencement of their
examination. Their Note Books (Practical files) will be evaluated by two examiners (including at
least one from the USOL).
8. For the students of University School of Open Learning, there will be an internal assessment
of 10 marks in lieu of the viva-voce examination.
9. A fresh practical note book shall be prepared by failed/improvement candidates.
10. For practical classes, the number of students in one group shall not exceed fifteen.
11. There will be 3 hours of teaching per week for this paper.
12. For USOL, reappear/improvement candidates(s) who have not been assessed earlier for Internal
Assessment, the question paper(s) in their case shall be of Maximum Marks allotted to the
paper(s) concerned.
The paper-setter must put note (12) in the question paper
Essential Readings :
1. Mishra, R.P. & Ramesh, A. : Fundamentals of Cartography, Concept Publishing Co., New Delhi,
1989.
2. Singh, Gopal : Mapwork and Practical Geography, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,
1995.
3. Singh, R.L. & Singh : Mapwork and Practical Geography, Central Book Depot, Raghunandan Allahabad,
2007.
4. Dink, Phyllis : Mapwork, Atma Ram & Sons, Latest Edition, 1962.
5. Anderle, R : The Global Positioning System, Royal Society of London, 1998.
6. Kulkarni, M.N : The GPS and Its Applications, Training, Volume GPS Training Course, Civil Engg.
Dept., I.I.T. Bombay, 9-19 May, 2000.
7. Hoffman-Wellenhof, B. et. al.: GPS Theory and Practice, 4th Rev. Edition, Springer Wien, New York.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 145

Further Readings:

1. Monkhouse, F.J. & Wilkinson, H.R. : Maps and Diagrams, Methuen & Co., London, Third
Edition, 1976.
2. Robinson, A.H. & Randall, D. Sale: Elements of Cartography, John Wiley & Sons, New York
(Sixth Edition), 1995.
3. Colombo, O.L. & Watkins, M.M.: Satellite Positioning in US National Report to IUGG, on Geodesy,
1991.
4. King, R.W. & Others: Surveying with GPS, University of New South Wales, Australia,1985.
5. Kulkarni, M.N.: GPS from an Indian Perspective, GIM International Journal, GITC Publication, The
Netherlands, Vol. 14, Oct., pp. 43-45. (2000a).
6. Mueller, I.I.: Global and Regional Geodynamics, IAG Symposia 101, Springer Verlag, 1989.
7. Wells, D.E.: Guideto GPS Positioning, Canadian GPS Association, New Brunswick, Canada, 1988.

Pedagogy :
• The use of topographical sheets of Survey of India and weather maps.

• A well equipped cartographic laboratory with necessary instruments to prepare exercises.

-------------------------
-
 146 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

GANDHIAN STUDIES
SEMESTER –I

MAHATMA GANDHI: FAMILY, EARLY LIFE (INDIA, ENGLAND AND SOUTH AFRICA)

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours
Course Objectives :
The paper is designed to acquaint the students with the early life of Mahatma Gandhi in India and in
London.
Pedagogy of the Course Work :
90% Lectures (including expert lectures)
10% Unit Tests, Snap Tests, assignments, attendance and class room participation.

Note : 1. The syllabus has been divided into four (4) units.
2. There shall be 9 questions in all.
3. The first question shall be short answer type containing 15 short answer type questions, spread
over the whole syllabus and each to be answered in about 25 to 30 words. The candidate is
required to attempt any 9 short answer type questions i.e. 2 marks of each. It shall carry 18
marks and shall be compulsory question.
4. Rest of the paper shall contain four (4) units and each units shall have two questions
and the candidates shall be given internal choice i.e. the candidates shall attempt one
question from each unit – 4 in all. All questions shall carry 18 marks.
5. For the private candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for internal assessment, the
marks secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be increased to maximum marks of
the paper in lieu of internal assessment.
The paper setter must put note (5) in the question paper.

UNIT-I
Family and Schooling
a) Family Background – Parents, Rambha & others
b) Neighbourhood and Early Impact
c) Schooling
d) Influence of Indian Scriptures

UNIT-II
As a Law Student in London
a) Dilemma Before Going to London
b) As a Law Student
c) Vegetarianism
d) Self-transformation and Home Coming
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 147

UNIT-III
Gandhi in South Africa
a) Journey to South Africa
b) Encounter with Racial Discrimination/Apartheid
c) Conditions of Indians in South Africa
d) Birth of Satyagraha
UNIT-IV

Satyagraha in Practice
a) Disfranchisement of Indians
b) Establishment of Natal Indian Congress
c) Asiatic Law Amendment Ordinance
d) Home Coming

ESSENTIAL READINGS:
1 Bhattacharyya, Buddhadeva Evolution of the Political Philosophy of Gandhi (Calcutta:
Calcutta Book House), 1969.
2. Chandran, Devansen D.S. : Making of the Mahatma (New Delhi: Orient Longman), 1969.

3. Gandhi, M.K. : An Autobiography or The Story of My Experiments with Truth

(Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House), 1986, 1995, 2004
editions.
4. Gandhi, M.K. : Satyagraha in South Africa (Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing
House), 1952.
5. Gandhi, M.K. : Hind Swaraj (Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House), 1992.
6. Malhotra, S.L. : Lawyer to Mahatma: Life, Work and Transformation of M.K.
Gandhi ( New Delhi : Deep & Deep Publications), 2001.
7. Mishra, A.D. : Reading Gandhi (New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley Pearson),
2012.
8. Nanda, B.R. : Mahatma Gandhi - A Biography (London: George Allen and
Unwin), 1976.

FURTHER READINGS:

1. Allen, Douglas (ed.) : The Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi for the Twenty First
Century (New Delhi: Oxford University Press), 2009.
2. Bandyopadhaya, J. : Social and Political Thought of Gandhi (Calcutta: Allied
Publishers), 1969.

3. Fischer, Louis : Life of Mahatma Gandhi (Bombay: Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan),

1996.
4. Nanda, B.R. : Making of a Nation: India’s Road to Independence (New Delhi:
Harper Collins), 1998.
5. Payne, Robert : The Life and Death of Mahatma Gandhi ( New Delhi: Rupa &
Co.), 1997 edition.
 148 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

GANDHIAN STUDIES
SEMESTER –II
GANDHI IN FREEDOM STRUGGLE - SOUTH AFRICA AND INDIA
Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours
Course Objectives:
The paper is designed to acquaint the students with life in South Africa and struggle against racial
discrimination.
Pedagogy of the Course Work :
90% Lectures (including expert lectures).
10% Unit Tests, Snap Tests, assignments, attendance and class room participation.
Note : 1. The syllabus has been divided into four (4) units.
2. There shall be 9 questions in all.
3. The first question shall be short answer type containing 15 short answer type questions, spread
over the whole syllabus and each to be answered in about 25 to 30 words. The candidate is
required to attempt any 9 short answer type questions i.e. 2 marks of each. It shall carry 18
marks and shall be compulsory question.
4. Rest of the paper shall contain four (4) units and each units shall have two questions
and the candidates shall be given internal choice i.e. the candidates shall attempt one
question from each unit – 4 in all. All questions shall carry 18 marks.
5. For the private candidates, who have not been assessed earlier for internal assessment, the
marks secured by them in theory paper will proportionately be increased to maximum marks of
the paper in lieu of internal assessment.
The paper setter must put note (5) in the question paper.
UNIT-I
Struggle for Human Rights in South Africa
a) Green Pamphlet
b) Indian Opinion
c) Visit to London
d) Interaction and Confrontation : Race & Caste
UNIT-II
Establishing Ashrams
a) Experience of Community Life in South Africa
b) Phoenix Settlement
c) Tolstoy Farm
d) Return to India
UNIT-III
Western Influences-I
a) Influence of John Ruskin
b) Influence of Henry David Thoreau
c) Influence of Leo Tolstoy
d) Influence of Emerson
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 149

UNIT-IV
Gandhi’s entry into Indian Politics
a) Early Political Activities
b) Champaran Satyagrah
c) Kheda Satyagrah
d) Ahmadabad Mill Strike

Essential Readings:

1. Fischer, Louis : Life of Mahatma Gandhi (New York: Harper and Row), 1983.
2. Gandhi, M.K. : An Autobiography or The Story of My Experiments with Truth
(Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House), 2001.
3. Gandhi, M.K. : Satyagraha in South Africa (Ahmedabad: Navajivan
Publishing House), 1992.
4. Gandhi, M.K. : Hind Swaraj (Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House),
1999.
5. Brown, Judith, M. : Gandhi’s Rise to Power: Indian Politics 1915-1922 (London:
Cambridge University Press), 1972.
6. Kripalani, J.B. : Mahatma Gandhi, His Life and Thought (New Delhi:
Publications Division, Ministry of Information and
Broadcasting), 1971.
7. Malhotra, S.L. : Lawyer to Mahatma: Life, Work and Transformation of M.K.
Gandhi (New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publication), 2001.
8. Nanda, B.R. : Mahatma Gandhi - A Biography (London: George Allen and
Unwin), 1976.
9. Parekh, Bhikhu : Gandhi’s Political Philosophy: A Critical Examination (Delhi:
Ajanta), 1989.
Further Readings :
1. Allen, Douglas (ed.) : The Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi for the Twenty First
Century (New Delhi: Oxford University Press), 2009.
2. Bandyopadhaya, J. : Social and Political Thought of Gandhi (Calcutta: Allied
Publishers), 1969.
3. Bondurant, John V. : Conquest of Violence: The Gandhian Philosophy of Conflict
(Bombay : Oxford University Press), 1959.
4. Chandran, Devansen D.S. : Making of the Mahatma (New Delhi: Orient Longman), 1969.
5. Fischer, Louis : Life of Mahatma Gandhi (Bombay: Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan),
1996.
6. Ganguly, Debjani & : Rethinking Gandhi and Non-violence Relationlity Global
Docker, John (eds.). Perspective (New Delhi: Orient Blackswan Pvt.,), 2009.
7. Nanda, B.R. : Making of a Nation: India’s Road to Independence (New Delhi:
Harper Collins), 1998.
8. Payne, Robert The Life and Death of Mahatma Gandhi (New Delhi: Rupa &
Co.), 1997, edition.
------------------------
 150 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION

SEMESTER –I
PAPER : INTRODUCTION TO MASS COMMUNICATION - I

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 70 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours
Practical : 20 marks

A. Objectives :
The course will introduce to the students the general concepts and historical viewpoints in
communication and media. The students would also get an understanding of the basic models
communication and gain an understanding of the current scenario of media industry in India.
B. Pedagogy of the Course Work:
80 % Lectures (including expert lectures).
20 % assignments, discussion and seminars.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES:

There shall be 9 questions in all. The first question shall be short answer type containing 10 short questions
spread over the whole syllabus and each to be answered in about 50 to 75 words. The candidate is required
to attempt any 7 short answer type questions i.e. of 2 marks each. It shall carry 14 marks and is a
compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 Units. Each Unit shall have two questions and the
candidates shall be given internal choice i.e. the candidates shall attempt one question from each Unit – 4 in
all. Each question will carry 14 marks.

Unit-I : Definition, nature and concept of communication; types of communication: intra; inter;
group and mass.

Unit-II : Basic models of mass communication : S-R model; Schramm’s Model; Model based on
Lasswell formula; Mathematical Model.

Unit-III : Brief overview of early Indian, American & British newspapers.

Unit-IV : Overview of the current status of the media industry in India.

PRACTICALS
Max. Marks : 20 Marks
1. Project on any one aspect of communication : 1 0 Marks
2. Case study of any one early newspaper : 1 0 Marks
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 151

Books Recommended:

Essential Reading :

1. Wilbur Schramm, (1960), Mass Communication, 2nd ed. Urbana, University of Illinois Pr.

2. Wilbur Schramm, (1953), Process & Effects of Mass Communication, Urbana, University of Illinois Press.
3. Lee Richardson, (1969), Dimensions of Communication, N.Y. Appleton- Century-Croft.
4. Kenneth K. Anderson, 1972, Introduction of Communication: Theory and Practice. Menlo Park, Cummings
Pub. Co.
5. Deniel Ketz et al, (1962), Public Opinion and Propaganda, N.Y. Holt.
6. Anderson, Kenneth, (1972), Introduction to Communication: Theory and Practice. Cummings Publishing
Co., California.
7. Everett M. Rogers, (1997), A history of communication study, The Free press.
8. S.K. Goel, (1999), Communication Tomorrow, Common, Wealth publishers.
9. Steven G. Jones, (1998), Cybersociety, Sage Publication.
10. Michael Norton and Purba Dutt, (2003), Getting started in Communication, Sage Publications.
11. M.H. Syed, (2006), History of Mass Media, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd..
12. Keval J. Kumar, Jaico, (1995), Mass Communications in India, Publishing House.
13. Kevin Williams, (2003), Understanding Media Theory. Arnold Publication.
14. Roger Silverston, (1999), Why study the Media? Sage Publications.
15. Marie Winn, (1985), The plug-in Drug, Penguin Books.
16. Stanley J. Baran and Dennis K. Davis, (2002), Mass Communication theory. Thomson Wadsworth
Publication.

Additional Reading:

1. Ball-Rokeach, Sandra & DeFleur, (1975), Theories of Mass Communication, Melvin, Longman, New York.
2. Berlo David, Rinehart & Winston, (1960), The Process of Communication. Holt, N.Y.
3. Blumler, Jay G. & Katz, Elihu (ed.), SAGE, Beverly Hills, 1974, The uses of Mass Communication.
4. De Sola Pool, (1972), Handbook on Communication, Ithiel (ed), Rand McNally College Publishing Co.,
Chicago.
 152 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION

SEMESTER- II

PAPER : INTRODUCTION TO MASS COMMUNICATION-II

Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 70 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours
Practical : 20 marks

A. Objectives:
This course will introduce students to the basic terminology of various forms of mass media as well as
folk and new media. They will also be apprised with application areas such as Advertising & Public
Relations.

B. Pedagogy of the Course Work:

80 % Lectures (including expert lectures).
20 % assignments, discussion and seminars.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES:

There shall be 9 questions in all. The first question shall be short answer type containing 10 short questions
spread over the whole syllabus and each to be answered in about 50 to 75 words. The candidate is required
to attempt any 7 short answer type questions i.e. of 2 marks each. It shall carry 14 marks and is a
compulsory question. Rest of the paper shall contain 4 Units. Each Unit shall have two questions and the
candidates shall be given internal choice i.e. the candidates shall attempt one question from each Unit – 4 in
all. Each question will carry 14 marks.

Unit-I : Basic terms, concepts, definitions and nature of Print, TV and Radio Journalism.

Unit-II : Folk Media: Types, reach and relevance.

Unit-III : New Media: Cyberspace as a source of information, communication and entertainment.

Unit-IV : Definition, role of Advertising and Public Relations.

PRACTICALS
Max. Marks : 20 Marks

1. Case study of any one newspaper, radio station or TV channel : 10 Marks

2. Project on either folk or new media : 10 Marks
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 153

Books Recommended:

Essential Reading :

1. Luthra, H.P., 1984, Indian Broadcasting. Publications Division, Min. of I & B.

2. Rao, B.S.S., (1992), Television for Rural Development. Concept Publishers, New Delhi.

3. Shivastava, K.M., (1989), Radio and TV Journalism, Sterling Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

4. Maloney, Martin J. & Rubenstein, Paul Max, (1980), Writing for the Media. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

5. Deniel Ketz et al, (1962), Public Opinion and Propaganda, N.Y. Holt.
6. Anderson, Kenneth, (1972), Introduction to Communication: Theory and Practice. Cummings Publishing
Co., California.
7. Everett M. Rogers, (1997), A history of communication study, The Free press.
8. S.K. Goel, (1999), Communication Tomorrow, Common, Wealth Publishers.
9. Steven G. Jones, (1998), Cybersociety, Sage Publication.
10. Michael Norton and Purba Dutt, (2003), Getting started in Communication, Sage Publications.
11. M.H. Syed, (2006), History of Mass Media, Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd.
12. Keval J. Kumar, Jaico, (1995), Mass Communications in India, Publishing House.
13. Kevin Williams, (2003), Understanding Media Theory. Arnold Publication.
14. Roger Silverston, (1999), Why study the Media? Sage Publications.
15. Marie Winn, (1985), The plug-in Drug, Penguin Books.
16. Stanley J. Baran and Dennis K. Davis, (2002), Mass Communication theory. Thomson Wadsworth
Publication.

Additional Reading :

1. Ball-Rokeach, Sandra & DeFleur, (1975), Theories of Mass Communication, Melvin, Longman, New
York.
2. Berlo David, Rinehart & Winston, (1960), The Process of Communication. Holt, N.Y.
3. Blumler, Jay G. & Katz, Elihu (ed.), SAGE, Beverly Hills, 1974, The uses of Mass Communication.
4. De Sola Pool, (1972), Handbook on Communication, Ithiel (ed), Rand McNally College Publishing Co.,
Chicago.
5. Ken Fielding , Introduction to Television Production (Arizone State University) Longman New York &
London.
6. Lynee S. Gross WCB, Tele Communication- An Introduction to Electronic Media. Wm. C. Brown
Publisher.
7. Zettl, Herbert, 2003, The Handbook of Strategic Public Relations and Integrated Communications. Tata
McGraw Hill, New York.
8. Shrivastava, K.M, (2005), Broadcast Journalism in the 21st century New Dawn Press Group, New Delhi.
…………………………
 154 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

POLICE ADMINISTRATION

SEMESTER – I
Outlines of Tests, Syllabi and Courses of Reading

PAPER : POLICE ADMINISTRATION IN INDIA

Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours

(A) Course Objectives :

The principal objective of this paper is to acquaint the students with the features of Indian Police
Administration along with its history and growth. Considerable attention has been paid to the concept and
significance of reforms in Police Administration with special reference to reform initiatives after
independence. The endeavor of the course would be to familiarize the students with the Police
Administration at the Union Level with special focus on the Union Ministry of Home Affairs and Central
Para Military Forces (CPMFs). The powers functions and role of Police at Union, State, District and Police
Station level will also be discussed.

(B) Pedagogy of the Course Work :

90 per cent of the Course Content would be delivered through Lecture Method and rest 10 per cent
would comprise of Mid Semester Test, Snap Test, Assignments, Attendance and Class Room
Participation.

(C) Instructions for Paper Setters and Candidates :

• The maximum marks for the paper will be 100. The question paper will be of 90 marks and
internal assessment of 10 marks.
• Time allowed will be 3 hours.
• There shall be 9 questions in all.
• The first question shall be compulsory and be short answer type containing 12 short questions
spread over the whole syllabus and to be answered in about 25 to 30 words each. The candidate
is required to attempt any 9 short answer type questions carrying 2 marks (9×2 =18 marks).
• Rest of the paper shall contain 4 Units. Each unit shall have two questions and the candidates
shall be given internal choice i.e. the candidates shall have two questions and the candidates
shall attempt one question from each unit i.e. four questions in all. Each question will carry 18
marks (4×18 = 72 marks).

(D) Course Content:

Unit-I

Concept, Role and Significance of Police; Origin and development of Police in Ancient, Medieval and British
Period. Police Reforms in India after Independence.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 155

Unit-II

Organization and Working of Union Ministry of Home Affairs; Organization and Working of Central Police
Organizations with special reference to Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI); Intelligence Bureau (IB);
Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR & D ); and National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB).

Unit-III

Origin, Structure and Working of Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) with Special Reference to BSF,
CRPF, ITBP , CISF and Assam Rifles.
Unit-IV

Organization and Working of Police Administration at the State Level, District Level and Police Station
Level. Commissionerate System of Policing.

Essential Readings:
1. Gupta, Anandswarup : The Police in British India: 1861-1947, Bureau of Police
Research & Development, New Delhi, 2007.
2. Srivastava, Aparna : Role of Police in a Changing Society, A.P.H. Publishing
Corporation, New Delhi, 1999.
3. Sharma, P. D. : Indian Police – A Developmental Approach,
Research Publications, New Delhi, 1977.
4. Sen, Shankar : Indian Police Today, Ashish Publishing House,
New Delhi, 1994.
5. K.P Singla : Police Gyan Vigyan, Bright Law House, New Delhi, 2004.

Further Readings:

1. Vadackumchery, James : National Police Commission: Issues for Rethinking, APH

Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, 1998.
2. Saxena, Anil K. : Professionalism in Indian Police, A.P.H. Publishing
Corporation, New Delhi, 1997.
3. Chaturvedi, J.C. : Police Administration and Investigation of Crime, Isha
Books, Delhi, 2006.
4. Bailey, David, H. : The Police and Political Development in India,
Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1969.
 156 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

POLICE ADMINISTRATION
SEMESTER – II
Paper : INDIAN CONSTITUTION
Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 marks
Internal Assessment : 10 marks
Time : 3 Hours
(A) Course Objectives:
The objective of this course is to give an overview the students to the basic information about the Constitution
of India. The students would be taught concepts such as Preamble, Citizenship, Fundamental Rights, Directive
Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties. They are made to understand the political executive at the
union and state level; the union and state legislature and judiciary at the Union and in the state. In addition,
efforts would be made to discuss the mechanism available for ensuring police accountability.

(B) Pedagogy of the Course Work:

90 per cent of the Course Content would be delivered through Lecture Method and rest 10 per cent would
comprise of Mid Semester Test, Snap Test, Assignments, and Class Room Participation.

(C) Instructions for Paper Setters and Candidates :

• The maximum marks for the paper will be 100. The question paper will be of 90 marks and internal
assessment of 10 marks.
• Time allowed will be 3 hours.
• There shall be 9 questions in all.
• The first question shall be compulsory and be short answer type containing 12 short questions spread
over the whole syllabus and to be answered in about 25 to 30 words each. The candidate is required
to attempt any 9 short answer type questions carrying 2 marks (9×2 = 18 marks).
• Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units. Each unit shall have two questions and the candidates shall be
given internal choice i.e. the candidates shall have two questions and the candidates shall attempt one
question from each unit i.e. four questions in all. Each question will carry 18 marks (4×18 = 72
marks).

(D) Course Content:

Unit – I

Preamble, Citizenship, Fundamental Rights, Restrictions of Police Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy
& Fundamental Duties.

Unit – II

Political Executive at the Union Level; President, Prime Minister and Council of Ministers; Union
Legislature: Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha; Judiciary at the Union Level: Supreme Court.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 157

Unit-III

Political Executive at the State Level; Governor, Chief Minister and Council of Ministers. State Legislature:
Vidhan Sabha and Vidhan Parishad. Judiciary in the State : High Court and Subordinate Courts.

Unit – IV

Public Accountability of Police; National Human Rights Commission; Schedule Caste/ Schedule Tribe
Commission; Lokpal and Lokayukts.

Essential Readings:

1. Ramesh K. Arora and : Indian Public Administration: Institutions and Issues, Wishwa
Rajni Goyal Prakashan, New Delhi, 1997.
2. Avasthi and Avasthi : Indian Administration, Lakshmi Narain Agarwal, Agra, 1995.

3. Norman D. Palmer : The Indian Political System, Houghton Hiffin, New York,
1975.

4. Iqbal Narain (Ed.) : State Politics in India, Meenakshi Publications, Meerut, 1976.

5. Granville Austin : The Indian Constitution : Cornerstone of a Nation, Oxford

University Press, London, 1966.

6. Sriram Maheshwari : State Government in India, Macmillan, New Delhi, 2000.

Further Readings :

1. Bambri, C. P. : The Indian State – 50 Years, Shipra Publications, Delhi, 1977.

2. Singh, Hoshiar (Ed.) : Indian Administration, Aalekh Publishers, Jaipur, 1990.

3. Pye, Lucian W. and : Political Culture and Political Development, Princeton

Sidney Verba (Eds.) University Press, New Jersey, USA, 1965.

………………………………
 158 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

WOMEN’S STUDIES

SEMESTER -I

Paper- : FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS IN WOMEN’S STUDIES

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks
Internal Assessment : 10 Marks
Time : 3 Hours

Objectives : The objective of this course is to conscientise the students about some of the key concepts in
women’s studies, their meaning from a feminist and gender perspective with special reference to India.

Course Contents :

Unit I: Gender

- Sex and Gender : Definition and Difference

- Gender Stereotypes: Genesis and Persistence through Family, School and Peer Group
- Social Construction of Gender: From infancy to Adulthood to Old age

Unit II: Patriarchy

- Definition and Origin of Patriarchy

- Manifestations of Patriarchy: (a) Preference for Male Child
(b) Discrimination against girl-child and women in the family
(c) Violence against Women
(d) Discrimination against Women at the Workplace
Unit III: Empowerment

- Definition
- Types of Empowerment: (a) Social – with reference to women’s role in marriage and
family
(b) Political- 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts
(c) Economic – Employment and Property Rights
Unit IV: Women’s Studies

(a) Definition,
(b) Rationale for Women’s Studies,
(c) Evolution of Women’s Studies,
(d) Women’s Studies as a discipline
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 159

NOTE:
- In each of the papers the candidate will be assessed for 90 marks on the basis of a written examination
and for 10 marks internal assessment.
- There shall be 9 questions in all. The first question shall be compulsory containing 12 short questions
spread over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25 to 30 words each. The candidate is required to
attempt any 09 short answer type questions carrying 2 marks each (18marks). Rest of the paper shall
contain 4 units. Each Unit shall have two questions and the candidate shall attempt one question from
each unit- 4 in all. Each question will carry 18 marks.

Essential Readings:

1. Anderson, Margaret : Thinking About Women, Macmillan, New York, 1993.

2. Bhasin, Kamla : What is Patriarchy?, Kali for Women, New Delhi, 1994.

3. Bhasin, Kamla : Understanding Gender, Kali for Women, New Delhi, 2000.

4. Connel, R.W. : Gender, Polity, Cambridge, 2002.

5. Jain, Devaki and Rajput, : Narratives from the Women’s Studies Family, Sage, New Delhi,
Pam (eds.) 2003.

6. Poonacha, Veena : Understanding Women’s Studies, RCWS, SNDT Univ., Mumbai,

1999.
7. Singh, Umesh Pratap, Garg, : Women Empowerment : Dimension and Direction, Adhyayan Publishers
Rajesh Kumar and Nigam, and Distributors, New Delhi, 2012.
Vivek Kumar

8. Woodward, Kath : The Short Guide of Gender, Rawat Publications, Jaipur, 2012.

Further Readings :
1. Aravamudan, Gita : Disappearing Daughters : The Tragedy of Female Foeticide,
Penguin, New Delhi, 2007.

2. Lerner, Gerda : The Creation of Patriarchy, Oxford University Press, New Delhi,
1986.

3. Lorber, Judith and Farell, : The Social Construction of Gender, Sage, New Delhi, 1991.
Susan A. (ed.)

4. Makwana Ramesh H. : Women Empowerment through Panchayati Raj, ABD Publishers,

Jaipur, New Delhi, 2012.
5. Mies, Maria : Indian Women and Patriarchy, Concept Publishing Company, New
Delhi, 1980.

6. Rajput, Pam & Kaur, : “Women’s Studies in Higher Education in India: Some Reflections”,
Manvinder Samyukta, Vol. III, No.1, January, 2003.
 160 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

WOMEN’S STUDIES
SEMESTER -II

Paper : STATUS OF WOMEN IN INDIA

Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 Marks
Internal Assessment : 10 Marks
Time : 3 Hours

Objectives: The status of women in India has changed over time in relation to historical and cultural realities,
levels of consciousness, perceptions and actions of individual women, women’s groups and finally State
initiatives. This course first aims to acquaint the student with women in the Indian tradition from ancient times
to the present, a tradition which has arisen out of the heterogeneity of experience. Further it aims to sensitize
the student with the status of women in contemporary India, with a special focus upon the factual situation
apart from the major issues confronting Indian women.

Course Contents

Unit I – Status of women in India in a historical perspective:

(a) Ancient India

(b) Medieval India
(c) Modern India

Unit II: Women and Family

a) Origin of the family

b) Types of family
c) Gender Division of labour in family
d) Female headed households

Unit III: Women, Religion and Caste

(a) Religion: Women’s Status in major Indian religions - Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Christianity
(b) Caste: Introduction to caste system in India; Caste and Gender

Unit IV: Violence against Women

(a) Violence against Women: Definition as given by the United Nations

(b) Prevalent forms of violence against Women :

- Domestic violence
- Rape and Molestation
- Sexual Harassment
- Dowry Related Violence
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 161

NOTE:
- In each of the papers the candidate will be assessed for 90 marks on the basis of a written
examination and for 10 marks internal assessment.
- There shall be 9 questions in all. The first question shall be compulsory containing 12 short
questions spread over the whole syllabus to be answered in about 25 to 30 words each. The
candidate is required to attempt any 09 short answer type questions carrying 2 marks each
(18marks). Rest of the paper shall contain 4 units. Each Unit shall have two questions and the
candidate shall attempt one question from each unit- 4 in all. Each question will carry 18 marks.

Essential Readings :

1. Altekar, A.S. : The Position of Women in Hindu Civilization, Motilal, Banarsidass,

Delhi, 1959.

2. Bader, Clarisse : Women in Ancient India: Moral and Literary Studies, Anmol Pub.,
Delhi, 1987.

3. Chatterjee, Meera : A Report on Indian Women from Birth to Twenty, NIPCCD, New
Delhi, 1999.

4. Gopalan, Sarala and : National Profile on Women, Health and Development, VHAI, &
Shiva, Mira WHO, 2000.

5. Gopalan, Sarala : Towards Equality – The Unfinished Agenda : Status of Women in

India-2001, National Commission for Women, New Delhi, 2002.

6. Menon-Sen, Kalayani and : Women in India! How Free? How Qual?, Report Commissioned by
Shiva Kumar, A.K. the Office of the United Nations Resident Coordinator in India, New
Delhi, 2001.

7. National Human Development Report, 2001, Planning Commission, Govt. of India, March, 2002.

8. Pruthi, Raj Kumar, Devi, : Status and Position of Women : In Ancient, Medieval and Modern
Rameshwari and Pruthi, India, Mangal Deep, Jaipur, 2001.
Romila (ed.)

Further Readings :

1. Ali, Azra Asghar : The Emergence of Feminism Among Indian Muslim Women, 1920-
1947, Oxford, Karachi, 2000.
2. Anand, Meena : Dalit Women : Fear and Discrimination, Isha Books, Delhi, 2005.

3. Bhattacharya, Rinki (ed.) : Behind Closed Doors : Domestic Violence in India, Sage, New
Delhi, 2004.
4. Choudhary, Prem : Contentious Marriages : Eloping Couples : Gender, Caste and
Patriarchy in Northern India, OUP, New Delhi, 2007.

5. Desai, Neera and : Women and Society in India, Ajanta Publication, New Delhi, 1987.
Krishnaraj, Maithreyi (ed.)
162 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

6. Goodman, Jacqueline : Global Perspectives on Gender and Work : Readings and

Interpretations Reprint, Rowman and little field Publishers, Inc,
lanham Boulder, New York, Toronto Plymouth, UK, 2012.

7. Jacobson, Doranne and : Women in India: Two Perspectives, Manohar, New Delhi, 1986.
Wadley, Susan S.

8. Kumar, Hajira (ed.) : Status of Muslim Women in India, Aakar Books, Delhi, 2002.

9. Mohanti, Bedabati : Violence Against Women : An Analysis of Contemporary Realities,

Kanishka Publications, New Delhi, 2005.

10. Mohini Giri, V. : Deprived Devis : Women’s Unequal Status in Society, Gyan, New
Delhi, 2006.

11. Nagar, N.S. : Changing Status of Indian Women, Vista International Pub., Delhi,
2008.

12. Rajawat, Mamta : Dalit Women: Issues and Perspectives, Anmol Pub., New Delhi,
2005.

13. Thomas, P. : Indian Women Through the Ages, Asia Publishing House, Bombay,
1964.
14. Yadav, Ravi Prakash : Women Workers in India, New Century Publications, New Delhi,
and Barsa Kumar India, 2012.
Chandradeep

----------------------
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 163

HUMAN RIGHTS AND DUTIES

SEMESTER-I
Paper : HUMAN RIGHTS AND DUTIES : CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks
Internal Assessment : 10 Marks
Time : 3 Hours
Objectives :
The course is designed for students who want to pursue semester based graduate degree programme with
human rights and duties as an elective subject. It is open to any student drawn from multiple disciplinary
backgrounds after completion of 10+2 Course. In the first semester it would provide theoretical
understanding about human rights and duties. As one of the elective subjects at the graduate level curriculum,
it purports to develop a broad understanding of human rights and duties, awareness about the origins of
human rights and their correlation with governance issues.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES :

Note: (i) For written paper, the students will be required to attempt five questions in all. Question No. I
will be compulsory comprising of 12 short answer type questions of 2 marks each and will cover
the entire syllabus. The students are required to attempt nine short answer type questions out of
twelve. Question No. I would carry 18 marks (9×2).
In addition to it, Questions Nos. II to IX will consist of eight long answer (Essay Type)
questions which will be further divided into four units with each Unit having two questions to
ensure internal choice to the candidate. In all, each question in this section shall carry18 marks
and this section shall carry 72 marks (4×18).
(ii) On an average, 15 hours are to be devoted for each Unit.

Unit-I
The Concept of Human Rights:
• Meaning and nature of Human Rights
• Classification of Rights

Unit-II
Concept of Human Duties:
• Meaning and nature of Human Duties; Moral, ethical, social, economic, political and cultural
universal
• Classification of Human Duties: Individual, family, Community, Nation-State, Human kind and
Mother Earth.
• Relationship between Rights and Duties.

Unit-III
Theories of Human Rights:
• Natural Rights Theory
• Liberal Theory of Rights,
• Legal/ positivist Theory of Rights
• Marxist Theory of Rights.
 164 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Unit-IV

Good Governance:
• Democracy: Guaranteed freedoms; People’s participation.
• Rule of Law: Non-arbitrariness, fairness in criminal justice administration.
• Role of Civil Society Organizations.

Suggested Readings:

1. Darren, J.O. Byrne (2005) : Human Rights: An Introduction, Pearson Education Pvt.
Ltd., Singapore.

2. Jayapalan, N. (2000) : Human Rights, Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi.

3. Ian Brownlie, et al. (eds.) (2006) : Basic Documents on Human Rights, Oxford, New Delhi.

4. Lakhani, M.V. (2013) : Studies in Jurisprudence, New Delhi: Cyber Tech Publications

5. Tripathi, Mani B.N. (2008) : Jurisprudence, Faridabad: Allahbad Law Agency

7. Sanajaoba, N. (2000). : Human Rights in the New Millennium, Manas Publications,

New Delhi

Further Readings:

1. Baxi Upendra (ed.) (1987). : The Right to be Human , Lancer International, New Delhi

2 Brundtland Report (1986) : Our Common future, Oxford.

3. Gandhi, P.R. (ed.) : Blackstone’s International Human Rights Documents, (2001),

University, Delhi.

4. Robertson David (2004) : A Dictionary of Human Rights, Europa Publications, London.

5. Kammabiran Kalpana ( 2006) : Crafting Human Rights Cultures, NALSAR University of

Law, Hyderabad.

.
.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 165

HUMAN RIGHTS AND DUTIES

SEMESTER-II

Paper : HUMAN RIGHTS : INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS

Max. Marks : 100

Theory : 90 Marks
Internal Assessment : 10 Marks
Time : 3 Hours

Objectives:
This paper purports to deal with promotion and protection of human rights in the international context,
particularly in the UN bodies. It aims to create awareness regarding the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights, 1948, significant Covenants along with the Optional Protocols.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER-SETTER AND THE CANDIDATES:

Note: (i) For written paper, the students will be required to attempt five questions in all. Question No. I
will be compulsory comprising of 12 short answer type questions of 2 marks each and will cover
the entire syllabus. The students are required to attempt nine short answer type questions out of
twelve. Question No. I would carry 18 marks (9×2).

In addition to it, Questions Nos. II to IX will consist of eight long answer (Essay Type)
questions which will be further divided into four units with each Unit having two questions to
ensure internal choice to the candidate. In all each question in this section shall carry 18 marks
and this section shall carry 72 marks (4×18).

(ii) On an average, 15 hours are to be devoted for each Unit.

Unit-I : International Norms and Mechanisms:

• League of Nations
• The United Nations Charter and the development of Human Rights.

Unit-II : International Bill of Rights:

• Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), 1948
• International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 1966; Optional Protocol
• International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), 1966; Optional Protocol

Unit-III : Human Rights and United Nations Bodies (I):

• UN General Assembly
• Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
• UN Human Rights Council
 166 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Unit-IV : Human Rights and United Nations Bodies (II):

• International Labour Organization (ILO)
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
• World Health Organization (WHO)

Suggested Readings:

1. Aggarwal, H.O (2008) : International Law and Human Rights, Central Law
Agency: Allahabad

2. Kapoor, S.K. (2005) : Human Rights, Central Law Agency: Allahabad.

3. Krasno Jean A. ( 2005) : The United Nations, Viva books, New Delhi.

4 Lauterpacht, Hersch ( 1945) : An International Bill of the Right of Man, Columbia

University Press, New York.

5. Louis Henkin (1981) : International Bill of Rights: The Covenant on Civil

and Political Rights, Columbia University Press,
New York.

Further Readings:

1. Philip (ed.) ( 1966) : United Nations and Human Rights, Clearndon Press,
Oxford.
2. Saxena, J.N. et al (ed.) : United Nations for Better World, Lancers Books,
(1986) New Delhi.
3. Steiner Henry J. et al (eds.) : International Human Rights in Context, Chapter 10,
(1966) Clarendon Press, Oxford.

4. UN Centre for Human : International Human Rights Standards for Law

Rights (1966) Enforcement: World Campaign for Human
Rights, Geneva.

………………
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 167

HOME SCIENCE
SEMESTER –I

PAPER: FAMILY RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
Name of Paper No. of Papers Time in Hrs. Total Marks
Theory
Family Resource
Management 1 3 60(50+10*)

Practical
Family Resource
Management 1 3 40(30+10*)
Total of Theory & Practical 100
*internal assesment

PAPER : FAMILY RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Max. Marks : 60
Theory : 50
Inter. Asses. : 10
Time : 3 Hours
Total Teaching Periods : 6 per week

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTER :

The question paper will consist of five sections A, B, C, D and E. Section A, B, C, D will have two questions
each from the respective sections of the syllabus & Candidates are required to attempt one question from each
section. Section E is Compulsory of 10 marks consisting of short questions/fill in the blanks which will cover
the entire syllabus uniformly.

Section A

I (a) Meaning & Importance of Home Science.

(b) Fields of Home Science.

II (a) Functions of Home.

(b) Principles of planning a house -orientation, aspect, prospect, privacy, roominess, grouping, flexibility,
circulation, sanitation, furniture and practical considerations.
 168 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Section B

I. (a) Elements of Art - Line, Form, Pattern, Texture, Light, Colour and Space.
(b) Meaning & Importance of Interior Decoration.
(c) Principles of Art in relation to interior decoration - Harmony, Balance, Rhythm, Proportion &
Emphasis.

II. Furniture
(a) Factors affecting selection of furniture.
(b) Furniture arrangement for different rooms.
(1) Master Bedroom
(2) Drawing Room
(3) Dining Room
(4) Guest Room
(5) Children’s Room

Section C

I. Colour
(a) Characteristics of colour
(b) Colour wheel
(c) Colour schemes
(d) Use of colour in Interior Decoration for various rooms.

II. Flower Arrangement

(a) Types
(b) Selection of Material
(c) Essential equipment used in Flower Arrangement.

Section D

I. Resources
(a) Introduction
(b) Classification
II. Time Management
(a) Steps in making time plans.
(b) Tools in Time management-Peak loads, work curves and rest periods.

III. Money Management

(a) Types of Income
(b) Budget- Types, Advantages and limitations of budgeting, basic steps in planning of budget.
(c) Means of supplementing family income.

IV. Energy Management

(a) Fatigue – Types, Symptoms & Effects.
(b) Work Simplification (Mundel)
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 169

PRACTICAL

Max. Marks : 40 Marks

Practical : 30 Marks
Inter. Asses. : 10 Marks
Time : 3 hours per week.

1 Cleaning & Polishing of household metals: brass, copper, silver, iron, aluminium and plastic.
2 Care and Cleaning of refrigerator, food processor, microwave oven and non stick pan.
3 Cleaning of glass and windowpanes.
4 Floor decoration - Making of Alpana and Rangoli for different occasions.

References

1. Anna Hong Rutt : Home Furnishing, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 1973.
2. Hazel Thompson, Criag old Day Rush : Home with character, Univesal Book Stall, Delhi, Kanpur
1969.
3. Betty Pepis : Interior Decoration A to Z, Doubleday & Co., Inc. New York, 1965.
4. Ray Faulkiner, Sarah Faulkner : Inside Today’s Home, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1973.
5. R.S. Deshpandae : Modern Ideal Home for India, United Book Corporation, Poona, 1983.
6. R.S. Deshpandae : Build your own Home, United Book Corporation, Poon, 1983.
7. M.A. Varghese, N.M. Ogale, K. Srinivisan : Home Management, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1985.
8. The Educational Planning Group, Delhi : Home Management, Arya Publishing House, New Delhi,
1986.
9. Stella Sournderaj : A text book of Household Arts, Orient Longman Ltd., 1974.
10. A Margaret Kaye : A Student Hand Book of Housewifery, J.M. Dent and Sons Ltd., London, 1958.
11. Ball, Vetrio Kloss : Art of Interior Design, The Macmillan Co., New York, 1962.
12. Goldstein H.I. and Goldstein V. : Art in Everyday Life, Macmillan, New York, 1964.
13. Swanson, Betty : Introduction to Home Management, Macmillan Co., New York, 1981.

Journals

1. Indian Journal of Home Science, Home Science Association of India, Sri Avinashilingam Home
Science College for Women, Coimbatore.
2. Inside Outside, Edited and Published by Malika Sarabhai, Wadia Building, 19/21 Dalal Street,
Bombay.
3. Journal of Home Economics, American Home, A Venue, NW Wahington.
 170 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

HOME SCIENCE
SEMESTER –II
PAPER : HYGIENE AND HEALTH EDUCATION

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
Name of Paper No. of Papers Time in Hrs. Total Marks

Theory

Hygiene and Health

1 3 60(50+10*)
Education

Practical

Hygiene and Health

1 3 40(30+10*)
Education

Total of Theory & Practical 100

*internal assesment

PAPER : HYGIENE AND HEALTH EDUCATION

Max. Marks : 60
Theory : 50
Inter. Asses. : 10
Time : 3 Hours
Total Teaching Periods : 6 per week
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTER :
The question paper will consist of five sections A, B, C, D and E. Section A, B, C, D will have two questions
each from the respective sections of the syllabus & Candidates are required to attempt one question from each
section. Section E is Compulsory of 10 marks consisting of short questions/fill in the blanks which will cover
the entire syllabus uniformly.

Section A
I. Hygiene
(a) Definition of Hygiene
(b) Definition of infection, sources, carrier and control
(c) Definition and types of immunity.
(d) Immunization schedule

II. Health Education.

(a) Definition
(b) Objectives
(c) Scope
(d) Principles
(e) Importance
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 171

Section B

I. Food Hygiene
(a) Definition
(b) Hygiene during preparation, service and storage of food.

II. Water
(a) Importance
(b) Impurities
(c) Types
(d) Domestic Purification
• Boiling
• Filtration
• Domestic Filter
• Aqua guard
• Reverse osmosis
Section C
I. Food Adulteration
(a) Definition
(b) Common Food Adulterants
(c) Household Methods of testing food adulteration.

II. Causes & Spread of following diseases.

(a) Caused by insects – Malaria & Dengue
(b) Conveyed by ingestion – Enteric Fever, Cholera, Dysentery & Diarrhoea
(c) Spread by droplet infection- chickenpox, measles, mumps & TB.
(d) Sexually transmitted diseases -AIDS.

Section D
I. Digestive System
A. Diagram of Alimentary Canal
B. Functions of mouth, stomach, intestines (Small and Large)
C. Digestion of Carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

II. Simple first aid for burns, poisoning, electric shock, bleeding, drowning, fainting, fractures, insect bite,
snake bite, nose bleeding, sunstroke, sprain, heart attack and CPR (cardio pulmonary resusitation)
 172 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

PRACTICAL

Max. Marks : 40 Marks

Practical : 30 Marks
Inter. Asses. : 10 Marks
Time : 3 hours per week.

1. Making of fresh flower arrangement for a corner and centre table.

2. Introduction to basic first aid techniques.

3. Survey of 5 house holds to study Immunization schedule.

4. Making a chart/model/poster of colour wheel/colour schemes.

5. Methods of detecting adulteration in any five foods such as ghee, coffee, turmeric, milk, honey, red chilli
powder, garam masala etc.

References :

1. Saxena, R. R. (1990) Social and Preventive Medicine, CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi.
2. Selman, A. C. (1992) Health & Longevity, Oriental watchman Publishing house, Park, Poona, India.
3. Julia Elements : 101 ideas for flower arrangement, C. Arthur Persons Ltd., London, 1963.
4. Halse A.O. : The Use of Colour in Interior, Mcgraw Hill Book Co., New York, 1961.
5. Walter Ian Fischman, Richerd Demsbe, William Bernard : Basic Home Repairs, A Grosset Super
Good Life Book Publishers, New York, 1975.
6. Bedi, Y. P. : Hygiene and Public Health.

………………………
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 173

AGRICULTURE
SEMESTER-I

Paper-A : Basics of Agricultural Botany & Forestry

(THEORY)
Max. Marks : 75
Theory : 70 marks
Internal Assessment : 5 marks
Time : 3 Hours

Period per week : 1. Theory - Six of 45 minutes duration each.

2. Practical - Two of three hours duration.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTER AND THE STUDENTS :

1. The syllabus of this paper has been divided into Four Units.
2. Question paper shall have five sections.
3. Section A shall comprise of 10 short answer type questions covering the whole syllabus and will be
compulsory. Each question will carry 1 (one) mark.
4. Sections B, C, D and E shall have two questions each from respective sections, out of which one
question from each section is to be permitted. Each question will be of 15 (fifteen) marks.
5. Total five questions are to be attempted.

Unit-I

Plant Morphology - Root, Stem, Leaf - Their types and modifications.

Inflorescence - Types and classification.
Flower - Parts and their functions.
Fruit - Types and classification.

Unit-II

Pollination - Type, Significance, Emasculation, Techniques, mode of Reproduction and their significance.
Life cycle of a typical angiosperm. Concept of Male Strategy, types and significance, introduction to self –
Incompatability.
174 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Unit-III

Cultivation practices including soil requirements, Water requirements, Improved varieties of the region for :
Cereals - Wheat, Rice, Maize.
Fibres – Cotton, Jute.
Oil Crops - Sarson, Soyabean.
Fruits - Mango, Grapes, Citrus, Sapota.

Unit-IV

Importance of forests, Important forest trees of India and status of forestry in Punjab, its significance.
Raising of Nurseries for forestry.
Social forestry : Definition, concept & its significance.

PRACTICAL
Max. Marks : 25
Practical : 20 marks
Internal Assessment : 5 marks
Time : 3 Hours

Study of root, stem, leaf modifications.

Raising of crops/visit to farms/fields to have knowledge of various agricultural tools, implements, and
methods of crop producton of related area.
Visit to Fruit and Forest nurseries.
Performance of emasculation techniques.

Books Recommended :

1. ICAR : Hand Book of Agriculture, New Delhi (2008).

2. S.S. Sinha, P. Gupta and : Hand Book of Agricultural Science, Kalyani Publishers,
A.K. Gupta Ludhiana (2009).
3. P.A.U., Ludhiana (2010). : Rabi Crops Package and Practices.
4. P.A.U., Ludhiana (2010). : Kharif Crops Package and Practices.
5. Bhatia : Elementary Biology, Trumen Publishers, Jalandhar (2010).
6. Alan Stephens : Dictionary of Agriculture, Universal Book Stall, New
Delhi (1998).
7. Chidda Singh, Prem Singh and : Modern Techniques of Raising Field Crops, Oxford and
Rajbir Singh IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (2009).
8. B.S. Chundawat and S.K. Gautam : Text Book of Agroforestry, Oxford and IBH Publishing
Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (2006).
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 175

AGRICULTURE
SEMESTER-II

Paper-B : Agricultural Economics and Agronomy

(THEORY)
Max. Marks : 75
Theory : 70 marks
Internal Assessment : 5 marks
Time : 3 Hours

Period per week : 1. Theory - Six of 45 minutes duration each.

2. Practical - Two of three hours duration.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTER AND THE STUDENTS :

1. The syllabus of this paper has been divided into four Units.
2. Question paper shall have five sections.
3. Section A shall comprise of 10 short answer type questions covering the whole syllabus and will be
compulsory. Each question will carry 1 (one) mark.
4. Sections B, C, D and E shall have two questions each from respective sections, out of which one
from each section is to be permitted. Each question will be of 15 (fifteen) marks.
5. Total five questions are to be attempted.

Unit-I

Agricultural Banking, Agricultural Loans – Its various types, repayment mode, form filling for agricultural
loans.
National policy for agricultural loans.
Agriculture credit cards.
Fundamentals of land measurements and land revenue

Unit-II

Various legal aspects of import and export of raw crop and crop products.
Quarntine laws.
Fundamentals of agricultural economics.
Psycological pressure on farmer and villagers of different classes.

Unit-III

Storage of vegetables, Fruits, Grains at local and large level.

Vegetable and fruit preservation.
176 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Unit-IV

Soil types, Management, Improvement and Amendments.

Soil Testing.
Fundamental of fertilizers and manures.
Important fertilizers and their uses.
Nitrogen fixation.

PRACTICAL
Max. Marks : 25
Practical : 20 marks
Internal Assessment : 5 marks
Time : 3 Hours

Visit to Agricultural, Rural Banks to have basic knowledge of loan processing and recovery.
Identification of financial problems of a village.
Identification and collection of fertilizers.
Preservation of fruits and vegetables in Pickle, Jam, Jellies, Squash and Sauce forms.

Books Recommended :

1. K.T. Acharya : Every Day Indian Processed Foods, National Book Trust,
New Delhi (2008).

2. Malkit Nagi and Satinder Bajaj : Home Preservation of Fruit and Vegetables, P.A.U.,
Ludhiana (2008).

3. ICAR : Hand Book of Agriculture, New Delhi.

4. T.D. Biswas and S.K. Mukherjee : Text Book of Soil Sciences, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana
(2008).

5. Girdhari Lal, G.S. Siddappa and : Preservation of Fruit and Vegetables, ICAR Publication,
G.L. Tandon New Delhi (2008).

6. Das and Gupta : Manures and Fertilizers, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana

(1999).

---------------------
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 177

ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION
SEMESTER – I

Paper : ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY

Theory Practical Theory Internal Practical Practical- Total

hours hours marks Assessment marks Internal marks
Marks Assessment
Marks

6 4 65 10 20* 5 100

The number of hours for theory and practical per week shall be 6 hours and 4 hours, respectively.
Note: The practical will include survey and its project reports carrying 5 marks and 20 marks will be allotted
to laboratory practical.

*The final practical shall be at the end of Semester II along with the practical of paper of Semester II.

Instructions for paper setters:

There will be 9 questions in all, two each from Section I to 1V. All questions will carry equal marks (13 marks
each). Question No. I will be short answer type & will cover the whole syllabus. Candidates will attempt five
questions in all, selecting one each from Section I to IV and the first compulsory question.

PAPER : ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY

Section-I
Environment: Definition, Scope & importance of Environment. A brief introduction of Physical & biological
environment.

Ecosystem: Concept of Ecosystem, Biotic & abiotic components, food chain, food web trophic levels, types of
ecosystems, terrestrial and aquatic. Biogeochemical cycles - nitrogen, carbon, phosphorous and sulphur cycle.

Section-II

Natural Resources: Definition, type of natural resources (Renewable and nonrenewable natural resources)
and the policies of their conservation. Energy resources; Fossil fuel, Alternative source of energy (Solar energy,
wind power, geothermal energy, dung energy and wood energy.

Section-III

Forestry: Forestry, Concept, types of forests in India & the world. Deforestation, reforestation and
afforestation. Major and minor forest products. Reasons of forest destruction and its impact on Environment.
Community forestry, Farm forestry, Social forestry and Agro forestry.
 178 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Section-IV

Indoor Environment: Pollution of the in house environment pollutants in the offices, workplaces (School, Bus
stand, College and Kitchens). Environmental problems linked to urban and rural lifestyle, Adulterants; Food
adulterants (Wheat floor, milk, red chili powder, mustard oil, desi ghee, sweets, artificial sweetness, dyes, food
allergens.)

PRACTICAL

(Based on theory paper)

Laboratory work: Tests of food adulterants.

Study the forest products with help of charts and specimens.

Survey reports of indoor environmental pollutants and local forests.

A visit to forest to study different components of these ecosystems.

Books Recommended :

1. Purochit, S.S., Shammi, Q.J. & Agarwal, : Text Book of Environment Sciences, Saraswati Pub.,
A.K. Jodhpur, 2007.

2. Dhaliwal, G.S & Kukul, S.S. : Essentials of Environmental Sciences, Kalyani Pub.,
Ludhiana, 2008.

3. Chundawat, B.S. & Gautam, S.K : Text Book of Agroforestry, Raju Primalai, New Delhi.
2006.

4. Chandna, R.C. : Environmental Geography, Kalyani Pub., Ludhiana,

2006.

5. Sagreiya, K.P. : Forests and Forestry, National Book Trust, New Delhi,
2007.

6. Ralhon, P.K., Dhaliwal, G.S. & : The Forests Production and Management, Kalyani Pub.,
Avtar Singh Ludhiana.

7. Arora, S. : Fundamentals of Environmental Biology, Kalyani Pub.,

Ludhiana, 2008.

8. Dwivedi, A.P. : Forestry in India, Surya Publications, Dehradun, 1993.

 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 179

ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION
SEMESTER – II

PAPER : SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION

Theory Practical Theory Internal Practical Practical- Total

hours hours marks Assessment marks Internal marks
Marks Assessment
Marks

6 4 65 10 20 5 100

The number of hours for theory and practical per week shall be 6 hours and 4 hours, respectively.
Note: The practical will include survey and its project reports carrying 5 marks, and 20 marks will be allotted
to laboratory practical.
The final practical shall be at the end of the Semester along with the practical of paper of Semester I.

Instructions for paper setters:

There will be 9 questions in all, two each from Section I to 1V. All questions will carry equal marks (13 marks
each). Question No. I will be short answer type & will cover the whole syllabus. Candidates will attempt five
questions in all, selecting one each from Section I to IV and the first compulsory question.

PAPER : SOIL AND WATER POLLUTION

Section-I

Lithosphere: Meaning of Soil profile, its components, types of soil, physical-chemical properties of soil.

Soil Fertility: Micro and macro nutrients, technique of testing soil sample. Methods of increasing soil fertility,
merits and demerits of fertilizers, role of soil micro organisms.

Section-II

Degradation of soil: Soil erosion (Water and Wind erosion) causes of effect of erosion.
Soil pollution: Different types of soil pollutants (Chemicals, Pesticides, Fertilizers & manure, discarded
material. Pollution and control measures.

Section-III
Hydrosphere: Major sources and uses of water. Over utilization of surface & ground water, floods, drought.
Conflicts over water. Potable water, its characteristics. Water cycle (Global and Biological)
]]

Section-IV

Water pollution: Definition, Types & Sources of water pollution, its consequences and control measures.
Different types of diseases due to water pollution. Treatment of waste water by green method (Root-zone
technology), Marine pollution - a brief account.
 180 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

PRACTICAL

Determination of soil pH
Use of Portable Kit
Determination of organic matter in soil
Determination of Ca CO3 in soil.
Determination of available Nitrogen in soil.
Identification of different fertilizers.
Determination of pH of water.
Determination of organic carbon.
Determination of microbial carbon.
Determination of available Nitrogen.
Determination of dissolved Oxygen, BOD.
Determination of hardness and alkalinity of water.
Survey reports of different water samples in local and adjoining areas and interpretation of water test report.

Books Recommended

1. Purochit, S.S., Shammi, Q.J. & Agarwal, : Text Book of Environment Sciences, Saraswati Pub.,
A.K. Jodhpur, 2007.
2. Dhaliwal, G.S & Kukul, S.S. : Essentials of Environmental Sciences, Kalyani Pub.,
Ludhiana, 2008.
3. Chundawat, B.S. & Gautam, S.K : Text Book of Agroforestry, Raju Primalai, New Delhi.
2006.
4. Chandna, R.C. : Environmental Geography, Kalyani Pub., Ludhiana,
2006.
5. Sagreiya, K.P. : Forests and Forestry, National Book Trust, New Delhi,
2007.
6. Ralhon, P.K., Dhaliwal, G.S. & : The Forests Production and Management, Kalyani Pub.,
Avtar Singh Ludhiana.
7. Arora, S. : Fundamentals of Environmental Biology, Kalyani Pub.,
Ludhiana, 2008.
8. Dwivedi, A.P. : Forestry in India, Surya Publications, Dehradun, 1993.

……………………
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 181

MATHEMATICS

SEMESTER – I
Paper-I : PLANE GEOMETRY
Max. Marks : 50
Theory : 45 marks
Internal Assessment : 5 marks
Time : 3 Hours

Note: 1. The syllabus has been split into two Units: Unit-I and Unit-II. Four questions will be set
from each Unit.
2. A student will be asked to attempt five questions selecting at least two questions from each
Unit. Each question will carry 9 marks.
3. The teaching time shall be five periods (45 minutes each) per paper per week including
tutorial.
4. If internal assessment is to be conducted in the form of written examinations, then there will
be only one written examination per paper in a Semester

Unit-I
Transformation of axes in two dimensions: Shifting of origin, rotation of axes, invariants.

Pair of Straight Lines :

Joint equation of pair of straight lines and angle between them, Condition of parallelism and
perpendicularity, Joint equation of the angle bisectors, Joint equation of lines joining origin to the
intersection of a line and a curve.

Circle :
General equation of circle, Circle through intersection of two lines, tangents, normals, chord of contact,
pole and polar, pair of tangents from a point, equation of chord in terms of mid-point, angle of intersection
and orthogonality, power of a point w.r.t. circle, radical axis, co-axial family of circles, limiting points.

Unit-II
Conic :
General equation of a conic, tangents, normals, chord of contact, pole and polar, pair of tangents from a
point, equation of chord in terms of mid-point, diameter. Conjugate diameters of ellipse and hyperbola,
special properties of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola, conjugate hyperbola, asymptotes of hyperbola,
rectangular hyperbola.
References :

1 S. L. Loney : The Elements of Coordinate Geometry, Macmillan and

Company, London, 2nd Edition 2007.
2. P.K. Jain and Khalil Ahmad : A Text Book of Analytical Geometry of Two Dimensions,
Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1994.
3. Erwin Kreyszig : Advanced Engineering Mathematics, John Wiley & Sons,1999.
4. Gorakh Prasad and H.C. : Text Book on Coordinate Geometry, Pothishala Pvt. Ltd.,
Gupta Allahabad, 1955.
 182 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Paper-II : CALCULUS - I
Max. Marks : 50
Theory : 45 marks
Internal Assessment : 5 marks
Time : 3 Hours

Note: 1. The syllabus has been split into two Units: Unit-I and Unit-II. Four questions will be set from
each Unit.
2. A student will be asked to attempt five questions selecting at least two questions from each Unit.
Each question will carry 9 marks.
3. The teaching time shall be five periods (45 minutes each) per paper per week including tutorial.
4. If internal assessment is to be conducted in the form of written examinations, then there will be
only one written examination per paper in a Semester

Unit-I

Properties of real numbers :

Order property of real numbers, bounds, l.u.b. and g.l.b. order completeness property of real numbers,
archimedian property of real numbers.
Limits:
ε - δ definition of the limit of a function, basic properties of limits, infinite limits, indeterminate forms.
Continuity:
Continuous functions, types of discontinuities, continuity of composite functions, continuity of f ( x ) , sign of
function in a neighborhood of a point of continuity, intermediate value theorem, maximum and minimum value
theorem.
Unit-II

Mean value theorems:

Rolle’s Theorem, Lagrange’s mean value theorem, Cauchy’s mean value theorem, their geometric
interpretation and applications, Taylor’s theorem, Maclaurin’s theorem with various form of remainders and
their applications.
Hyperbolic, inverse hyperbolic functions of a real variable and their derivatives, successive differentiations,
Leibnitz’s theorem.

References :

1. Murray R. Spiegel : Theory and Problems of Advanced Calculus, Schaum’s

Outline Series, Schaum Publishing Co., New York.
2. P.K. Jain and S. K. Kaushik : An Introduction to Real Analysis, S. Chand & Co., New
Delhi, 2000.
3. Gorakh Prasad : Differential Calculus, Pothishala Private Ltd., Allahabad.

4. G.B. Thomas & R.L. Finney : Calculus and Analytic Geometry (Ninth Edition), Pearson
Publication.
5. Shanti Narayan and P.K. Mittal : Differential Calculus, Edition 2006, S. Chand & Co., New
Delhi.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 183

Paper III: TRIGONOMETRY AND MATRICES

Max. Marks : 50
Theory : 45 marks
Internal Assessment : 5 marks
Time : 3 Hours

Note: 1. The syllabus has been split into two Units: Unit-I and Unit-II. Four questions will be set
from each Unit.
2. A student will be asked to attempt five questions selecting at least two questions from each
Unit. Each question will carry 9 marks.
3. The teaching time shall be five periods (45 minutes each) per paper per week including
tutorial.
4. If internal assessment is to be conducted in the form of written examinations, then there will
be only one written examination per paper in a Semester

Unit-I

D’Moivre’s theorem, application of D’Moivre’s theorem including primitive nth root of unity. Expansions of
sin n θ , cos n θ , sinn θ , cosn θ (n ε N). The exponential, logarithmic, direct and inverse circular and
hyperbolic functions of a complex variable. Summation of series including Gregory Series.

Unit-II

Hermitian and skew-hermitian matrices, linear dependence of row and column vectors, row rank, column rank
and rank of a matrix and their equivalence. Theorems on consistency of a system of linear equations (both
homogeneous and non-homogeneous). Eigen-values, eigen-vectors and characteristic equation of a matrix,
Cayley-Hamilton theorem and its use in finding inverse of a matrix. Diagonalization.

References:

1. K.B. Datta : Matrix and Linear Algebra, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi, 2000.

2. S. R. Knight and H.S. Hall : Higher Algebra, H.M. Publications, 1994.

3. R.S. Verma and K.S. Shukla : Text Book on Trigonometry, Pothishala Pvt. Ltd.,
Allahabad.

4. Shanti Narayan and P.K. Mittal : A Text Book of Matrices, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi, Revised
Edition, 2007.
 184 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

MATHEMATICS

SEMESTER – II
Paper-I : SOLID GEOMETRY
Max. Marks : 50
Theory : 45 marks
Internal Assessment : 5 marks
Time : 3 Hours

Note: 1. The syllabus has been split into two Units: Unit-I and Unit-II. Four questions will be set from
each Unit.
2. A student will be asked to attempt five questions selecting at least two questions from each Unit.
Each question will carry 9 marks.
3. The teaching time shall be five periods (45 minutes each) per paper per week including tutorial.
4. If internal assessment is to be conducted in the form of written examinations, then there will be
only one written examination per paper in a Semester

Unit-I

Transformation of axes:
Shifting of origin and rotation of axes.
Sphere:
Section of a sphere and a plane, spheres through a given circle, intersection of a line and a sphere, tangent line,
tangent plane, angle of intersection of two spheres and condition of orthogonality, power of a point w.r.t. a
sphere, radical axis, radical center, co-axial family of spheres, limiting points.
Cylinder:
Cylinder as a surface generated by a line moving parallel to a fixed line and through a fixed curve, different
kinds of cylinders such as right circular, elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic cylinders in standard forms,
enveloping cylinders.
Unit-II
Cone:
Cone with a vertex at the origin as the graph of a homogeneous equation of second degree in x,y,z, cone as a
surface generated by a line passing through a fixed curve and a fixed point outside the plane of the curve,
reciprocal cones, right circular and elliptic cones, right circular cone as a surface of revolution obtained by
rotating the curve in a plane about an axis, enveloping cones.
Conicoid:
Equations of ellipsoid, hyperboloid and paraboloid in standard form. Reduction of second degree equation in
three variables in standard form.

References:

1. P.K.Jain and Khalil Ahmad : A Text Book of Analytical Geometry of Three Dimensions,
Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1999.
2. Shanti Narayan and P. K. Mittal : Analytical Solid Geometry, Seventeenth Revised Edition,
S. Chand & Co., New Delhi, 2006.
3. R.J.T. Bill : Elementary Treatise on Coordinate Geometry of Three
Dimensions, Macmillan India Ltd., 1994.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 185

Paper-II : CALCULUS - II
Max. Marks : 50
Theory : 45 marks
Internal Assessment : 5 marks
Time : 3 Hours

Note: 1. The syllabus has been split into two Units: Unit-I and Unit-II. Four questions will be set from
each Unit.
2. A student will be asked to attempt five questions selecting at least two questions from each Unit.
Each question will carry 9 marks.
3. The teaching time shall be five periods (45 minutes each) per paper per week including tutorial.
4. If internal assessment is to be conducted in the form of written examinations, then there will be
only one written examination per paper in a Semester

Unit-I
Concavity, convexity and points of inflexion, Multiple points, Asymptotes, Tracing of curves (Cartesian and
parametric co-ordinates only).
Curvature:
Curvature of a curve at a point, radius of curvature of cartesian, parametric, polar curves and for implicit
functions , evolute and involute, chord of curvature.

Unit-II

Integral calculus:
Integration of hyperbolic and inverse hyperbolic functions.

Reduction Formulae
Numerical Integration: Trapezoidal, Prismoidal and Simpson Rules.

Application of definite integral: Summation of Series, Quadrature, rectification, volumes and surfaces of
solids of revolution (Cartesian co-ordinates only)

References:

1. G. B. Thomas & : Calculus and Analytic Geometry (Ninth edition), Pearson Publication.
R. L. Finney
2. Gabriel Klambauer : Mathematical Analysis, Marcel Dekkar, Inc. New York, 1975.
3. N. Piskunov : Differential and Integral Calculus, Peace Publishers, Moscow.
4. P. K. Jain and : An Introduction to Real Analysis, S. Chand & Co. New Delhi, 2000.
S. K. Kaushik
 186 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Paper III: TREORY OF EQUATIONS

Max. Marks : 50
Theory : 45 marks
Internal Assessment : 5 marks
Time : 3 Hours

Note: 1. The syllabus has been split into two Units: Unit-I and Unit-II. Four questions will be set
from each Unit.
2. A student will be asked to attempt five questions selecting at least two questions from each
Unit. Each question will carry 9 marks.
3. The teaching time shall be five periods (45 minutes each) per paper per week including
tutorial.
4. If internal assessment is to be conducted in the form of written examinations, then there will
be only one written examination per paper in a Semester

Unit-I

Euclid’s algorithm, synthetic division, roots and their multiplicity. Complex roots of real polynomials occur in
conjugate pairs with same multiplicity. Relation between roots and co-efficients. Transformation of equations.
Descartes’ Rule of Signs.

Unit-II
Newton’s method of divisors, Solution of cubic and bi-quadratic equations, Cardan’s method of solving a
cubic, discriminant and nature of roots of real cubic , trigonometric solutions of a real cubic with real roots.
Descartes’ and Ferrari’s method for a bi-quadratic.

References:

1. S.R. Knight and H.S. Hall : Higher Algebra, H. M. Publications, 1994.

2. Chandrika Prasad : Text Book on Algebra and Theory of Equations, Pothishala

Private Ltd., Allahabad.

.......………………
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 187

COMPUTER SCIENCE
SEMESTER-I
Note : A student who has passed the + 2 examination under 10+2+3 system of education of a
recognised University/Board/Council or any other examination recognised by the Panjab
University as equivalent thereto shall be eligible to offer the subject of Computer
Science/Commerce/Economics/Mathematics as his/her subjects.
Only such colleges as have all necessary infrastructure or equipment and staff shall admit
students to the subject of Computer Science. The infrastructure must be approved by the
University as per practice.

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

FIRST SEMESTER Exam . Ext. Int. Max.

Hrs Marks
Paper – A01 Theory PC Software under Windows 3 65 10 75
Paper – PA01 Practical Practical Based on Paper – A01 3 25 -- 25

Note : Practical marks will include the appropriate weightage for proper maintenance of Lab. Record.

Paper-A01 : PC SOFTWARE UNDER WINDOWS

Note : (i) The question paper will consist of Four sections.

(ii) Examiner will set total of NINE questions comprising TWO questions from each section
and ONE compulsory question of short answer type covering the whole syllabi.
(iii) The students are required to attempt ONE question from each section and the
compulsory question.
(iv) All questions carry equal marks unless specified.

Objective : The course is designed to provide Fundamentals of DOS & Windows. OS and app S/W
word processing. Making spread sheets and presentations.

SECTION-A

1. Concept of files and directories; Disk Operating System: DOS, System Files, types of DOS commands:
Internal and External commands: Introduction to AUTOEXEC.BAT, Directory commands: XCOPY, DEL,
RENAME, ATTRIB, BACKUP, RESTORE, FIND, SYS; General commands: TYPE, DATE, TIME,
PROMPT; Batch Files, Wild Cards, Line Editor.

SECTION-B

2. Introduction to graphical user interface, window operating system, Anatomy of windows, organising folders
and files, multitasking, recycle bin, my computer, windows explorer, control panel.
 188 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

SECTION-C

3. Word Processing : Basics of Word Processing; Opening, Creating, Saving, Printing and Quitting
Documents, Using the Interface (Menu Toolbars), Editing Text (Copy, Delete, Move), Finding and
Replacing Text, Spell Check, Autocorrect; Auto Text, Character formatting, Page formatting; Document
Enhancement; Adding Borders and shading, Adding Headers and Footers, Setting up Multiple columns,
Sorting blocks, Adjusting Margins and Hyphenating Documents, Creating Master Documents, Creating
Data Source, Merging Documents, Using Mail merge feature for labels and envelops; Inserting Pictures,
Tables, Working with equations.

SECTION-D

4. Spread Sheet : Worksheet overview, Row, Column, Cells, Menus, Creating Worksheet, Opening, Saving,
Printing Worksheets; Calculations, Auto fill, working with Formulae, Data Formatting (number
formatting, date formatting), Working with Ranges, Establishing Worksheet links; Creating, Sorting and
Filtering Data Base; Creating chart, Adding Titles, Legends etc. to charts, Printing Charts, Creating
Macros, Record Macros, Running Macros, Assigning Macros to Buttons, Functions (Statistical, Financial,
Mathematical, String, Date and Time).

5. MS-Power Point: Creating, Saving, Printing Presentation; Selecting Design Templates, Animations and
Transitions, Auto Content Wizard.

Books Recommended :

1. Ludd Robbins : Mastering DOS.

2. Alan R. Miller : The ABC’s of DOS-6.2.

3. Richard Allen King : MS-DOS H. B.

4. Gilbert Held : IBM PC and PCXT User’s Reference Manual.

5. Cowart, Robert : Using Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional, Que Publishing, 2000.

6. Taxali, Ravikant : PC Software Made Simple, New Delhi.

7. Mansfield, Ron : Compact Guide to Windows, Word & Excel.

Paper – PA01 : Practical : Practicals Based on Papers A01

 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 189

COMPUTER SCIENCE
SEMESTER-II
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

SECOND SEMESTER Exam . Ext. Int. Max.

Hrs Marks
Paper – A02 Theory Computer Fundamentals & 3 65 10 75
C Programming
Paper – PA02 Practical Practical Based on Paper – A02 3 25 -- 25

Paper – A02 : Computer Fundamentals & C Programming

Note : (i) The question paper will consist of Four sections.

(ii) Examiner will set total of NINE questions comprising TWO questions from each section
and ONE compulsory question of short answer type covering the whole syllabi.
(iii) The students are required to attempt ONE question from each section and the
compulsory question.
(iv) All questions carry equal marks unless specified.

Objective : The course is designed to introduce basic concepts of computer system, programming language,
O.S., Networks and problem solving (Using C)

SECTION-A

1. Information Concepts and Processing : Introduction, Characteristics of Computer, Hardware, Software,

Firmware, History of Computers; Applications of Computers; Input, Process and Output; Classification of
Computers on size, Working Principles, Generations; Input/Output devices; Secondary Storage devices;
Types of Software; System and Application Software.
2. Programming Languages: Classification, machine code, assembly language, higher level languages, Fourth
generation languages; Translators: Assembler, Compiler and Interpreter.

Range of Applications: Scientific, Word Processing, Spread Sheets, E-commerce, Business, Educational,
Industrial, National level weather forecasting, Remote Sensing, Planning Multilingual Applications.

SECTION-B
3. Operating Systems : Components of Operating System; Functions of Operating System; Types of Operating
System; linux/Dos/Windows.
4. Computers and Communication : Single user, multi-user, workstation, and client server systems. Computer
networks, Network protocols. LAN, WAN, Services offered by Internet.
 190 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

SECTION-C

5. Problem Solving : Problem anaylsis, flow charts, decision tables, pseudo codes and algorithms.

6. Fundamentals of C Language : History of C Language, Structure of a C program, Variables, Constants,

Keywords, Data Types, Operators, Expressions and their evaluation using rules of hierarchy, Input/Output
statements, Assignment statements, Control statements: If-else, switch, while, do-while, for, nested loops,
break, continue, goto statements.

SECTION-D

7. Functions in C: Function Declaration, Definition, Call, passing arguments, call by value, call by reference.

8. Advanced Concepts of C: Defining and processing arrays, Using multidimensional arrays, Strings:
Declaration, Inbuilt String functions; Introduction to Pointers; Defining and processing structures and
unions.

Books Recommended :
1. Dromey, G. 1985 : How to Solve It by Computer, Prentice Hall.

2. Jackson, N.A. , 1975 : Principles of Programming Design, Academic Press.

3. Gries, D. , 1978 : Programming Methodology, Springer-Verlag.

4. Sanders, R. : Computer Data Processing, Tata Mcgraw Hill.

5. Sharma, A.K. and Khan : Data Processing and Basic.

6. Jones, Robin and Stewart : The Art of C Programming, Narosa Publ. House, New Delhi.

7. Cooper, Mullish : The Spirit of C, An Introduction to Modern Programming, Jaico

Publ. House, New Delhi, 1987.

8. Kenneth, A. : C Problem Solving and Programming, Prentice Hall of India.

9. Kerningham, B.W. and : The C Programming Language, PHI.

Ritchie, D.M.

10. Kaiker, S., 1989 : Programming in C, McMillan India.

11. Rajaraman,V. : Fundamentals of Computers (3rd edition), Prentice Hall of India.

12. Sanders, D.H.,1988 : Computers Today, McGraw Hill.

13. Trainer, T. et al, 1994 : Computers (4th edition), McGraw Hill.

14. Kanitkar, Yashwant : “Let us C”, BPB Publications.

Paper – PA02 : Practical : Practicals Based on Papers A02

………………………….
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 191

STATISTICS
SEMESTER - I

Note : 1. A candidate shall offer this subject in B.A./B.Sc. only if he/she takes up Mathematics as a
subject in B.A./B.Sc.
2. There are two papers code named papers 101 and 102 in the subject of Statistics in
B.A./B.Sc. 1st Semester. These are to be taught simultaneously throughout the Semester.
3. 8 lectures (45 minutes each) for paper per week and 4 lectures (45 minutes each) for
practical per week amounting in all to 12 lectures p er we ek fo r t wo papers (one theory
and one practical) shall be allotted for the teaching.

Paper- 101: PROBABILITY THEORY and DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS-I

Max. Marks : 75
Theory : 65 Marks
Internal Assessment : 10 Marks
Time : 3 Hours

Note : 1. There will be in all nine (9) questions, all of equal marks. The first question is compulsory
and will be of short answer type covering the entire syllabus. Out of the remaining eight (8)
questions, four (4) questions will be set from each section. The candidate will be required to
attempt five questions in all including the compulsory first question and two questions from
each section.
2. Simple non-programmable calculator is allowed.
3. Statistical tables and log tables will be provided on request.

SECTION-I

Important Concepts in Probability : Random experiment, trial, sample point and sample space, definition
of an event, mutually exclusive, exhaustive, independent and equally likely events. Definition of
probability – classical and relative frequency approach to probability, their demerits and axiomatic
approach to probability. Properties of probability based on axiomatic approach, conditional probability,
Bayes’ theorem and its applications (concepts and simple applications).
Random Variables : Definition of discrete random variables, probability mass function, continuous random
variable, probability density function, illustrations of random variables and their properties, distribution
function and its properties, expectation of a random variable and its properties – moments (only
definition), moment generating function. Two dimensional random variables—joint, marginal and
conditional distributions. Distribution of random variables (univariate, and bi-variate setup).
192 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

SECTION-II

Collection of Data : Primary data – designing a questionnaire and a schedule. Secondary data—Its major
sources including some government publications. Concept of a Statistical Population and samples from a
population; qualitative and quantitative data; discrete and continuous data.

Presentation of Data : Diagrammatic representations of data, frequency distribution, graphical

representation, histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curves and ogives, stem-and-leaf-display, Box
and whisker plot.

Analysis of Quantitative Data : Univariate data concepts of central tendency, dispersion and relative
dispersion, skewness and kurtosis and their measures including those based on quartiles and moments.
Sheppard’s correction for moments (without derivation).

References :

1. Meyer P.L. (1971 : Introductory Probability and Statistical applications Addison

Wesley
2. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K., Das : Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I, World Press, Calcutta.
Gupta, B. (2005)
3. Daniel, W.W. (1999) : Biostatistics (7th Edition), John Wiley.

Additional References :

1. Mood A.M, Graybill F.A and : Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, McGraw Hill.
Boes D.C. (1977)
2. Miller, I. and Miller, M. (2002) : John E. Frends’s Mathematical Statistics (6th addition, low price
edition). Prentice Hall of India.
3. Sheldon M.R. (2000) : Introduction to Probability Models, Fourth Edition.
4. Croxton, F.E., Cowden, D. J. : Applied General Statistics, Prentice Hall of India.
and Kelin, S. (1973)

5. Spiegel, M.R. (1967) : Theory & Problems of Statistics, Schaum’s Publishing

Series.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 193

Paper-102 : PRACTICAL

Max. Marks : 25
Time Allowed : 3 Hours

(Viva voce: 5 marks; record of the semester; 5 marks; Annual Paper: 15 marks)

Note: The Practical Question Paper will contain five questions from the following topics. A student will be
required to attempt three questions, each of 5 marks, in three hours duration.

Viva voce and record of the year will carry 5 marks each.
1. Presentation of data by Frequency tables
2. Diagrams: Bar, Multiple Bar, Stacked Bar, Line and Pie
3. Graphs: histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curves and ogives, stem-and-leaf-display
4. Measures of central tendency
5. Measures of dispersion
6. Measures of Skewness
7. Box and Whisker Plot
8. Measures of Kurtosis.

……………..
 194 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

STATISTICS
SEMESTER - II

Note:
1. A candidate shall offer this subject in B.A./B.Sc. only if he/she takes up Mathematics as a subject in
B.A./B.Sc.
2. There are two papers code named papers 103 and 104 in the subject of Statistics in B.A./B.Sc. 2nd
semester. These are to be taught simultaneously throughout the semester.
3. 8 lectures (45 minutes each) for theory per week and 4 lectures (45 minutes each) for practical per
week amounting in all to 12 lectures per week for two papers (one theory and one practical) shall be
allotted for the teaching.

Paper – 103 : PROBABILITY THEORY and DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS-II

Max. Marks : 75
Theory : 65 Marks
Internal Assessment : 10 Marks
Time : 3 Hours

Note : 1. There will be in all nine (9) questions, all of equal marks. The first question is compulsory
and will be of short answer type covering the entire syllabus. Out of the remaining eight (8)
questions, four (4) questions will be set from each section. The candidate will be required to
attempt five questions in all including the compulsory first question and two questions from
each section.
2. Simple non-programmable calculator is allowed.
3. Statistical tables and log tables will be provided on request.

SECTION-I
Standard Univariate Distributions and their Properties: Discrete uniform, Binominal, Poisson, Hyper
geometric, Geometric and negative binomial distributions, uniform, normal , exponential, gamma, beta
distributions.
Bivariate normal distribution and associated marginal and conditional probability distributions (without
derivation).
Chebyshev’s inequality and its applications, statements and applications of week law of large numbers, and
central limit Theorems (De-moivre’s – Laplace and Lindeberg -Levy).

SECTION-II

Bivariate Data: Scatter diagram, product moment correlation coefficient, properties and coefficient of
determination. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Simple linear regression and its properties, principle of
least square, fitting of linear regression and related results.
Multivariate Data: multiple and partial correlation in three variables. (only results no derivations).

Analysis of Categorical Data (using 2x2 contingency table): consistency of categorical data independence and
association of attributes. Various measures of association:-Yule coefficient, coefficient of colligation &
coefficient VAB.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 195

References:

1. Meyer P.L (1971) : Introductory Probability and Statistical applications.

Addison Wesley.
2 Goon A.M., Gupta M.K., Das : Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I, World Press, Calcutta.
Gupta.B. (2005)
3. Daniel, W.W. (1999) : Biostatistics (7th edition) Wiley.

Additional References:

1. Mood A.M, Graybill F.A and : Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, McGrawh Hill.
Boes D.C. (1977)
2. Miller, I. and Miller, M. (2002) : John E. Frends’s Mathematical Statistics (6th addition, low price
edition). Prentice Hall of India.
3. Sheldon M.R. (2000) : Introduction to Probability Models, Fourth Edition.

4. Croxton F.E, Cowden D.J : Applied General Statistics, Prentice Hall of India.
and Kelin S (1973)
5. Spiegel, M.R.(1967) : Theory & Problems of Statistics, Schaum’s Publishing Series.

Paper - 104: PRACTICAL (Semester-II)

Maximum Marks : 25
Time allowed : 3 hours

(Viva voce: 5 marks; record of the semester; 5 marks; Annual Paper: 15 marks)

Note: The Practical Question Paper will contain five questions from the following topics. A student will be
required to attempt three questions, each of 5marks, in three hours duration.

Viva voce and record of the year will carry 5 marks each.

1. Product Moment Correlation.

2. Spearman’s rank correlation
3. Linear Regression of two variables.
4. Fitting of Curves (reducible to linear form) by the least square method.
5. Multiple and Partial correlations
6. Measures of Association
7. Fitting of Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions
……………………
196 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

APPLIED STATISTICS
SEMESTER - I

Notes : 1. This course shall not be opted for along with courses in B.A./B.Sc. Mathematics and/or
B.A./B.Sc. Statistics.
2. The candidate opted for this course will not be eligible for admission to M.A./M.Sc.
Statistics.
3. There is one paper code named paper A in B.A./B.Sc.. Semester-I having a total 100 marks.
4. 9 Lectures (45 minutes each) per week shall be allotted for the teaching.

Paper-A : MATHEMATICAL METHODS-I

Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 Marks
Internal Assessment : 10 Marks
Time : 3 Hours

Notes : 1. There will be in all nine (9) questions, all of equal marks. The first question is compulsory
and will be of short answer type covering the entire syllabus. Out of the remaining eight (8)
questions, four (4) questions will be set from each section. The candidate will be required to
attempt five questions in all including the compulsory first question and two questions from
each section.
2. Simple non-programmable calculator is allowed.
3. Statistical tables and log tables will be provided on request.

SECTION-I (CALCULUS AND TRIGONOMETRY)

Limits and continuity of functions, derivatives and their geometrical interpretations. Applications of
derivatives to maxima and minima, exponential and logarithmic functions, integrals of functions of one
variable, geometrical interpretation of integral as area, integration of standard functions, integration by
substitution and parts.
Trigonometry : Definition of an angle, its various measures and relations between them, graphs, circular
functions.

SECTION-II (ALGEBRA AND GEOMETRY)

The solution of linear and quadratic equations in one variable, arithmetic, geometric and harmonic
progressions, permutations and combinations, principle of induction, binomial theorem for positive integral
index.

Elementary Analytical Geometry : Equations of straight line, parabola, and hyperbola.

 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 197

Books Recommended :

1. Allen, R.G.D.(2006) Mathematical Analysis for Economists, Chapter-II (Sections 2.1,

: 2.2, 2.8), Chapter-III (Sections 3.1, 3.6), Chapter-IV (Sections 4.1,
4.7), Chapter-VI (Sections 6.1-6.8), Chapter VII, Chapter VIII
(Section 8.2), Chapter IX (Sections 9.1-9.4), Macmillan Delhi.
2. Gurhard Tintner (1970) : Mathematics and Statistics for Economists, Chapter-VI, Rinchart :
New York.
3. Loney, S.L. (2010) : Plane Trigonometry, Part-I, Chapter-I (Sections 1 to 22), Part-II,
Chapter V (Sections 61, 65), Aitbs Publishers, India.

Additional Reference:

Arye, F. Jr. (1999) : First Year College Mathematics (Schaum's Series), Mc Graw Hill,
New York.

………………………………
 198 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

APPLIED STATISTICS
SEMESTER – II
Notes : 1. This course shall not be opted for along with courses in B.A./B.Sc. Mathematics and/or
B.A./B.Sc. Statistics.
2. The candidate opted for this course will not be eligible for admission to M.A./M.Sc.
Statistics.
3. There is one paper code named paper B in B.A./B.Sc.. Semester-I having a total 100 marks.
4. 9 Lectures (45 minutes each) per week shall be alloctted for the teaching.

Paper-B : PROBABILITY
Max. Marks : 100
Theory : 90 Marks
Internal Assessment : 10 Marks
Time : 3 Hours
Notes : 1. There will be in all nine (9) questions, all of equal marks. The first question is compulsory
and will be of short answer type covering the entire syllabus. Out of the remaining eight (8)
questions, four (4) questions will be set from each section. The candidate will be required to
attempt five questions in all including the compulsory first question and two questions
from each section.
2. Simple non-programmable calculator are allowed.
3. Statistical tables and log tables will be provided on request.

SECTION-I
Random experiments, sample space, events, probability, Finite sample spaces, equally likely outcomes,
conditional probability, Bayes theorem; independent events, random variables, discrete and continuous
probability density functions.
SECTION-II
Expectation and variance of random variable.
Binomial, Poisson, geometric, hypergeometric, uniform, exponential and normal distribution.

Books Prescribed:

1. P.L. Meyer (1971) : Introductory Probability and Statistical Applications, Addison

Wesley, chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9.
2. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. & : Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I. The world press private limited
Dasgupta, B. (2005)

3. Murray Spiegel, John Schiller : Schaum’s Easy Outline of Probability and Statistics, Mc Graw
& A. Srinivasan (2002) Hill, New York.

Additional Reference:
Sheldon M. Ross (2009) : Introduction to Probability Models. Academic Prass: San Diego.

…………………….
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 199

PHYSICS

B.Sc. (GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (1st and 2nd Semester) EXAMINATION, 2014-15

General Instructions for teachers, students and the paper setters :

1. There will be three papers of theory and one laboratory (practical) course.

2. The number of lectures per week will be three for each theory paper and six for practicals.

3. The examination time for each theory paper will be three hours and four hours for practical.

4. Each theory paper will consist of seven questions carrying equal marks and spread over three
prescribed Units.

5. Six questions in each theory paper will be set from Units I to II with three questions from each Unit.

6. Seventh question in each paper will be compulsory and will comprise of seven small answer type
questions covering the whole syllabus.

7. The numerical problems/exercises in the question paper should be 25-30%.

8. Student will attempt two question from each Unit (I-II) and any six parts of question seven.

9. The use of Non-programmable calculators will be allowed (paper setter should explicitly mention this
on the question paper) in the examination centre but these will not be provided by the
University/College. Mobile phones and pagers are not allowed in the examination hall.

Papers, marks and teaching hours allocation :

Paper A : Mechanics : (45+5*) marks Total Teaching hours 30

Paper B : Vibrations, Waves and EM Theory : (45+5*) marks Total Teaching hours 30

Paper C : Electricity and Magnetism : (45+5*) marks Total Teaching hours 30

Physics Practicals : (45+5*) marks Total Teaching hours 45

* marks allotted for Internal Assessment.

200 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

PHYSICS
SEMESTER – I

Paper A: MECHANICS-I (30 Hrs.)

UNIT-I

Cartesian and spherical polar co-ordinate systems, area, volume, velocity, and acceleration in these
systems, solid angle. Relationship of conservation laws and symmetries of space and time.

UNIT-II
Various forces in Nature (Brief introduction), centre of mass, equivalent one body problem, central
forces, equation of motion under central force, equation of orbit and turning points. Kepler Laws.
Elastic collision in Lab. and C.M. systems, velocities, angles, and energies, cross section of elastic
scattering, Rutherford scattering.

Books Suggested :

Essential Readings :
1. Mechanics, Berkeley, Vol. I, C. Kittle.
2. Mechanics, H.S. Hans & S.P. Puri.

Further Readings :
1. An Introduction to Machines, Daniel Kleppner & Robert J. Kolenkow (TMH).
2. Introduction of Classical Mechanics, R.G. Takwale & P.S. Puranik (TMH, 2000).
3. Basic Concepts of Relativity, R.H. Good (East-West Press, New Delhi, 1974).
4. Special Theory of Relativity, S.P. Puri (Asia Publishing House, Bombay, 1972).

Paper B: VIBRATIONS, WAVES & E.M. THEORY-I (30 Hrs.)

UNIT-I

Simple harmonic motion, energy of a SHM, Compound Pendulum, Torsional Pendulum, Electrical
Oscillations, Transverse Vibrations of a mass on a string, composition of two perpendicular SHM of same
period and of period in ratio 1: 2. Decay of free vibrations due to damping, differential equation of motion,
types of damping, determination of damping co-efficient—Logarithmic decrement, relaxation time and Q-
Factor. Electromagnetic damping (Electrical oscillator).

UNIT-II

Differential equation for forced mechanical and electrical oscillators, Transient and steady state behaviour.
Displacement and velocity variation with driving force frequency, variation of phase with frequency,
resonance. Power supplied to an oscillator and its variation with frequency. Q-value and band width. Q-
value as an amplification factor.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 201

Books Suggested :

Essential Readings :
1. Text Book of Vibrations and Waves by S.P. Puri (Macmillan India Ltd.).
2. Physics of Vibrations and Waves by H.J. Pain, ELBS & John Wiley, London.
3. EM Waves and Radiating Systems by Edward C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, Prentice Hall.

Further Readings :
1. Vibrations and Waves by A.P. French (Arnold Heinemann India, New Delhi).
2. The Mathematics of Waves and Vibrations by P.K. Ghosh (Mcmillan India).
3. Waves and Oscillations by N. Subrahmanayam & B. Lal (Vikas Pub., Delhi).

Paper–C : ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM-I (30 Hrs.)

UNIT-I

Basic ideas of Vector Calculus, Gradient, Divergence, curl and their physical significance, Laplacian in
rectangular, coordinates. Stroke’s theorem, Gauss’s divergence theorem, Coulomb’s Law for point charges and
continuous distribution of charges, electric field due to dipole, line charge and sheet of charge Gauss’s Law and
its differential form.
UNIT-II

Work and potential difference, Potential difference as line integral of field, Electric potential due to dipole
and quadrupole and its applications in Electrostatic field, curl E = 0, Electric field as gradient of scalar
potential. Calculation of E due to a point charge and dipole from potential. Poisson and Laplace’s equation,
Concept of electrical images. Calculation of electric potential and field due to a point charge placed near an
infinitely conducting sheet. Polarisation of matter, atomic and molecular dipoles, induced dipole moment and
atomic polarizability. Electric susceptibility and polarization vector. Relation K= 1 + χ, Gauss’s law for
dielectrics. Displacement vector, Div. D = 0, Energy stored in dielectric medium.

Books Suggested :

Essential Readings :

1. Fundamentals of Electricity and Magnetism by Arthur F. Kipp.

2. Electricity and Magnetism, Berkeley Physics Course, Vol. II by E.M. Purcell.
3. Introduction to Classical Electrodynamics by David Griffith, Prentice Hall.

Further Readings :

1. Electricity & Magnetism, A.S. Mahajan & A.A. Rangwala (Tata McGraw Hill).
2. Electricity & Magnetism, 4th Edition, W.J. Duffin.
3. EM Waves and Radiating Systems, Edward C. Jordan and K. G. Balmain, Prentice Hall.
 202 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

PHYSICS PRACTICALS

General Guidelines for Physics Practical Examinations :

1. The distribution of marks is as follows :

(i) One full experiment out of section–A requiring the student to take some data, 20 marks
analyse it and draw conclusions. (Candidates are expected to state their results
with limits of error).
(ii) One exercise based on experiment or Computer Programming (To be allotted 10 marks
by the external examiner at the time of examination).

(iii) Viva-Voce 10 marks

(iv) Record (Practical file) 05 marks
Total : 45 marks
Note for Examiners :

1. The marks scored under each head must be clearly written on the answer sheet.

2. There will be one session of 3 hours duration. The paper will have two sections. Section–A will
consist of 4 experiments out of which an examinee will mark 3 experiments and one of these is to be
allotted by the external examiner.
3. Section–B will consist of exercises which will be set by the external examiner on the spot. The length
of the exercises should be such that any of these could be completed in one hour.
4. The examiner should take care that the experiment allotted to an examinee from section–A and
exercise allotted from section–B are not directly related to each other.
5. Number of candidates in a group for practical examination should not exceed 12.
6. In a single group, no experiment be allotted to more than three examinees in the group.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS :

I. Analysis of Experimental Data:

Objectives :

(i) Knowledge of propagation of errors.

(ii) Determination of standard deviation and probable error and their use in expressing the
experimental result.
(iii) Familiarity with the method of least square fitting of experimental data to a curve.
(iv) Straight line fitting.

Activities :

Exercises on fitting of given data to straight line and calculation of probable error.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 203

MECHANICS

II. Rotation :
Objectives :
(i) Study of rotational motion.
(ii) Establishing relationship between different quantities.
Activities :
(i) To study the dependence of moment of inertia on distribution of mass (by noting time
periods of oscillations using objects of various geometrical shapes but of same mass).
(ii) To establish relationship between torque and angular acceleration using fly wheel.

III One-Dimensional Collisions :

Objectives :
(i) Conservation of linear momentum and kinetic energy in elastic collisions.
(ii) Dependence of fraction of kinetic energy transferred on the masses of colliding bodies.
(iii) Idea of coefficient of restitution.
Activities :

To determine energy transfer, coefficient of restitution and verify laws of conservation of linear
momentum and kinetic energy in elastic collisions using one dimensional collisions of hanging
spheres.
IV. Compound Pendulum :
Objectives :
(i) Idea of equivalent simple pendulum.
(ii) Concepts of centre of suspension and oscillation.
(iii) Dependence of time period on moment of Inertia .
(iv) Radius of gyration.
(iv) Determination of g.
Activities :
(i) Measure time period as a function of distance of centre of suspension (oscillation) from
centre of mass, plot relevant graphs, determine radius of gyration and acceleration due to
gravity.
(ii) Find the value of g by Katers' pendulum.

V. Torsion Pendulum :
Objectives :

(i) Idea of torsional vibration, dependence of time period on M.O.I. and restoring torque.
(ii) Modulus of rigidity.

Activities :

Measure time period of oscillation of a Maxwell needle and determine modulus of rigidity of the
material of a given wire.
 204 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

VI. Damped Oscillator :

Objectives :
(i) Study damped oscillations.
(ii) Coefficient of damping, quality factor etc.

Activities :

To measure/obtain logarithmic decrement, coefficient of damping, relaxation time, and

quality factor of a damped simple pendulum.

VII. Multimeter :
Objectives :

(i) Measurement of voltage and current

(ii) Measurement of resistance.

Activities :

To use a multimeter for measuring voltage (AC/DC) and resistance

VIII. Dielectric Constant :

Objectives :

(i) Study Parallel

(ii) Measurement of dielectric constant

Activity :

To determine the dielectric constant of a solid by resonance method.

Computer based activities :

1. Elementary FORTRAN programs, flowchart and their interpretation.

2. To print out all natural even numbers between given limits.
3. To print out all natural even numbers between given limits.
4. Numerical solution of equation of motion.
Texts and Reference Books :

1. “Practical Physics by C.L. Arora.

2. “A Laboratory Manual of Physics for Undergraduate Classes” by D.P. Khandelwal.
3. “Elements of Statistics” by C.G. Lambe.
4. “Numerical Analysis” by C. Dixon.
5. “Programming with C++, Schaum series
…………………………….
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 205

PHYSICS
SEMESTER–II
Paper A : MECHANIC – II
UNIT-I

Rigid Body motion; Rotational motion, principal moments and Axes, Euler’s equations, precession and
elementary gyroscope, concept of stationery universal frame of reference and ether, Michelson-Morley
experiment and its results.

UNIT-II

Postulates of special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformations, observer and viewer in relativity, Relativity
of simultaneity, Length, Time, Velocities. Relativistic Dopper effect. Variation of mass with velocity, mass-
energy equivalence, rest mass in an inelastic collision, relativistic momentum & energy, their transformation,
concepts of Minkowski space, four vector formulation.

Books Suggested :

Essential Readings :

1. Mechanics, Berkeley, Vol. I, C. Kittle.

2. Mechanics, H.S. Hans & S.P. Puri.

Further Readings :

1. An Introduction to Machines, Daniel Kleppner & Robert J. Kolenkow (TMH).

2. Introduction of Classical Mechanics, R.G. Takwale & P.S. Puranik (TMH, 2000).
3. Basic Concepts of Relativity, R.H. Good (East-West Press, New Delhi, 1974).

Paper B: VIBRATIONS, WAVES & E.M. THEORY-II (30 Hrs.)

UNIT-I

Stiffness, coupled oscillators, Normal co-ordinates and normal modes of vibration, Inductance coupling of
electrical oscillators. Types of waves, wave equation (transverse) and its solution, characteristic impedance of
a string. Impedance matching, Reflection and Transmission of waves at boundary.
Reflection and transmission of energy. Reflected and transmitted energy coefficients. Standing waves on a
string of fixed length. Energy of vibrating string. Wave and group velocity.

UNIT-II

Physical interpretation of Maxwell’s equations, E.M. waves and wave equation in a medium having finite
permeability and permitivity but with conductivity σ = 0. Poynting vector, Impedance of a dielectric to EM
waves. EM waves in a conducting medium and skin depth. EM wave velocity in a conductor and anomalous
dispersion. Response of a conducting medium to EM waves. Reflection and transmission of EM waves at a
boundary of two dielectric media for normal and oblique incidence. Reflection of EM waves from the surface
of a conductor at normal incidence.
 206 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Essential Readings :

Books Suggested :

1. Text Book of Vibrations and Waves by S.P. Puri (Macmillan India Ltd.).
2. Physics of Vibrations and Waves by H.J. Pain, ELBS & John Wiley, London.
3. EM Waves and Radiating Systems by Edward C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, Prentice Hall.

Further Readings :
1. Vibrations and Waves by A.P. French (Arnold Heinemann India, New Delhi).
2. The Mathematics of Waves and Vibrations by P.K. Ghosh (Mcmillan India).
3. Waves and Oscillations by N. Subrahmanayam & B. Lal (Vikas Pub., Delhi).

Paper-C: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM-II (30 Hrs.)

UNIT-I

Current and current density, equation of continuity. Microscopic form of Ohm’s Law (J = σE) and
conductivity. Failure of Ohm’s Law. Invariance of charge. E in different frames of reference. Field of a point
charge moving with constant velocity. Force between parallel currents. Behaviour of various substances in
magnetic field. Definition of M and H and their relation to free and bound currents. Permeability and
susceptibility and their interrelationship. Langevin theory of diamagnetism.

UNIT-II

Lorentz’s force. Definition of B. Biot Savart’s Law and its application to long straight wire, circular current
loop and solenoid. Ampere’s Circuital law and its application. Divergence and curl of B. Hall effect,
expression and co-efficient. Vector potential, Definition and derivation, current density— definition, its use in
calculation of change in magnetic field at a current sheet. Faraday’s Law of EM induction, Displacement
current, Mutual inductance and reciprocity theorem. Self inductance, L for solenoid.

Books Suggested :

Essential Readings :

1. Fundamentals of Electricity and Magnetism by Arthur F. Kipp.

2. Electricity and Magnetism, Berkeley Physics Course, Vol. II by E.M. Purcell.
3. Introduction to Classical Electrodynamics by David Griffith, Prentice Hall.

Further Readings :

1. Electricity & Magnetism, A.S. Mahajan & A.A. Rangwala (Tata McGraw Hill).
2. Electricity & Magnetism, 4th Edition, W.J. Duffin.
3. EM Waves and Radiating Systems, Edward C. Jordan and K. G. Balmain, Prentice Hall.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 207

PHYSICS PRACTICALS

General Guidelines for Physics Practical Examinations :

1. The distribution of marks is as follows :

(i) One full experiment out of section–A requiring the student to take some data, 20 marks
analyse it and draw conclusions. (Candidates are expected to state their results
with limits of error).
(ii) One exercise based on experiment or Computer Programming (To be allotted 10 marks
by the external examiner at the time of examination).

(iii) Viva-Voce 10 marks

(iv) Record (Practical file) 05 marks
Total : 45 marks
Note for Examiners : The marks scored under each head must be clearly written on the answer sheet.

2. There will be one session of 3 hours duration. The paper will have two sections. Section–A will
consist of 4 experiments out of which an examinee will mark 3 experiments and one of these is to be
allotted by the external examiner.
3. Section–B will consist of exercises which will be set by the external examiner on the spot. The length
of the exercises should be such that any of these could be completed in one hour.
4. The examiner should take care that the experiment allotted to an examinee from section–A and
exercise allotted from section–B are not directly related to each other.
5. Number of candidates in a group for practical examination should not exceed 12.
6. In a single group, no experiment be allotted to more than three examinees in the group.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS :
I. Elasticity :
Objectives :
Knowledge of elastic constants and related quantities.
Activities :
(i) Study of bending of beams and determination of Young’s Modulus.
(ii) Determination of Poisson’s ratio for rubber/plastic.

II. Standing waves :

Objective :
Standing waves on a string and in air.
Activities :

(i) Melde’s experiment.

(ii) Kundt’s tube.
 208 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

III. Low Resistance Measurements :

Objectives :

(i) Inadequacy of Wheatstone bridge to measure low resistances.

(ii) Acquaintance with a method of measuring low resistances.
Activities :

To determine low resistance with Carey Fosters Bridge.

IV. Magnetic Field :

Objectives :
(i) Familiarity with the magnetic field produced by a solenoid.
(ii) Dependence of solenoidal field on number of turns and current.
(iii) Permeability of air.
Activities :
To study the magnetic field produced by a current carrying solenoid using a search coil and calculate
permeability of air.

V. Electromagnetic Induction :
Objective :
Verification of laws of electromagnetic induction.
Activity :
To study the induced e.m.f. as function of the velocity of the magnet.

VI. Objectives and Activities :

Force on a conductor carrying current in a magnetic field.

VII. LCR Circuits :

Objectives :
(i) Study of phase relationship between currents and voltages in ac circuits.
(ii) Concepts of resonance and Q-value.
Activities :
(i) Study of phase relationships using impedance triangle for LCR circuit and calculate
impedance.
(ii) Resonance in a series LCR circuits for different R-value and calculate Q-value.
(iii) Resonance in a parallel LCR circuits for different R-value and calculate Q-value.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 209

VIII. Capacitance :
Objectives :

(i) Measurement of capacitance, dielectric constant.

(ii) Concept of time constant and time base circuit.
(iii) Knowledge of a-c Bridges.

Activities :

(i) Capacitance by flashing and quenching of a neon lamp.

(ii) Measurement of capacitance, determination of permitivity of a medium, air and relative
permitivity by De-Sauty’s bridge.

IX. Self Inductance :

Objectives :

(i) Knowledge of a-c bridges.

(ii) Concept of self inductance.

Activities :

To determine L using Anderson Bridge.

EXERCISES :

1. Any one exercise based on above given experiments.

2. To study the efficiency of an electric kettle/heater/element with varying input voltage.
3. To study working of an energy meter-calibration etc.

Computer based activities :

4. Elementary C++ programs, flowchart and their interpretation.

5. To find maximum, minimum range of a given set of numbers.
6. To compile a frequency distribution and evaluate moments such as mean; standard deviation etc.
7. To evaluate sum of finite series and the area under a curve.

Texts and Reference Books :

1. “Practical Physics by C.L. Arora

2. “A Laboratory Manual of Physics for Undergraduate Classes” by D.P. Khandelwal.
3. “Elements of Statistics” by C.G. Lambe.
4. “Numerical Analysis” by C. Dixon.
5. “Programming with C++, Schaum series

……………………………
210 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

CHEMISTRY
SEMESTER – I
Scheme of Teaching and Examination

Paper Course Teaching Hrs. Max. Marks

I Inorganic Chemistry-A 30 3 periods per week 45 + 5 internal assessment

II Organic Chemistry-A 30 3 periods per week 45 + 5 internal assessment

III Physical Chemistry-A 30 3 periods per week 45 + 5 internal assessment

IV Laboratory Practicals 6 periods per week 45 + 5 internal assessment

Total : 0 9 periods/week 200

Paper- I : INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-A

Max. Marks : 50
Theory : 45 Marks
Internal Assessment : 05 Marks
Time : 03 Hours
30 hours (2 Hrs./week)
3 Periods/week
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE :
To teach the fundamental concepts of Chemistry and their applications. The syllabus pertaining to B.Sc.
(GENERAL) (Semester System) in the subject of Chemistry has been upgraded as per provision of the
UGC module and demand of the academic environment. The course contents have been revised from time
to time as per suggestions of the teachers of the Chemistry working in the Panjab University, Chandigarh
and affiliated colleges. The syllabus contents are duly arranged Unit wise and contents are included in
such a manner so that due importance is given to requisite intellectual and laboratory skills.

UNIT-I (8 Hrs.)

Atomic Structure :
Idea of de Broglie matter waves, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, atomic orbitals, Schrodinger wave
equation, significance of Ψ and Ψ2, quantum numbers, radial and angular wave functions and probability
distribution curves, shapes of s, p, d orbitals. Aufbau and Pauli exclusion principles, Hund’s multiplicity
rule. Electronic configurations of the elements and ions.

UNIT-II (7 Hrs.)

Periodic Properties :
Position of elements in the periodic table; effective nuclear charge and its calculations. Atomic and ionic
radii, ionization energy, electron affinity and electronegativity—definition, methods of determination or
evaluation, trends in periodic table and applications in predicting and explaining the chemical behaviour.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 211

UNIT-III (7 Hrs.)

Chemistry of Noble Gases and s-Block Elements :

Chemical properties of the noble gases, chemistry of xenon, structure and bonding in xenon compounds.
Comparative study, diagonal relationships, salient features of hydrides, solvation and complexation
tendencies including their function in biosystems, an introduction to alkyls and aryls.

UNIT-IV (8 Hrs.)

Chemical Bonding-I :

Covalent Bond – Valence bond theory and its limitations, directional characteristics of covalent bond, various
types of hybridization and shapes of simple inorganic molecules and ions. BeF2, BF3, CH4, PF5, SF6, IF7,
SnCl2, XeF4, BF4-, PF6-, SnCl62-. Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory to NH3, H3O+, SF4,
ClF3, ICl2- and H2O. MO theory, homonuclear (elements and ions of 1st and 2nd row), and heteronuclear (BO,
CN, CO+, NO+, CO, CN-), diatomic molecules. Percentage ionic character from dipole moment and
electronegativity difference.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTERS AND CANDIDATES :

(i) Examiner will set total of Nine questions comprising Two questions from each Unit and One
compulsory question of short answer type covering the whole syllabi.
(ii) The students are required to attempt Five questions in all, One question from each Unit and the
Compulsory question.
(iii) All questions carry equal marks.

Books Suggested :

1. Cotton, F.A., Wilkinson, G., Gaus, P.L., Basic Inorganic Chemistry; 2nd edition, Pubs: John Wiley
and Sons, 1995.

2. Lee, J.D., Concise Inorganic Chemistry; 4th edition, Pubs: Chapman & Hall Ltd., 1991.

3. Shriver, D.E., Atkins, P.W., Inorganic Chemistry; 4th edition, Pubs: Oxford University Press, 2006.

4. Douglas, B., Medaniel, D., Atenander, J., Concepts and Models of Inorganic Chemistry; 3rd edition,
Pubs: John Wiley and Sons Inc., 1994.

5. Porterfeild, W.W., Wesky, A., Inorganic Chemistry; Pubs: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,
1984.

6. Miessler, G.L., Tarr, D.A., Inorganic Chemistry; 3rd edition, Pubs: Pearson Education Inc., 2004.

7. Jolly, W.L., Modern Inorganic Chemistry; 2nd edition, Pubs: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Company Limited, 1991.

8. Purcell, K.F., Kotz, J.C., Inorganic Chemistry; Pubs: W.B. Saunders Company, 1977.

9. Puri, B.R., Sharma, L.R., Kalia, K.K., Principles of Inorganic Chemistry; 30th edition, Pubs:
Milestones Publisher, 2006-07.
212 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Paper-II : ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I

Max. Marks : 50
Theory : 45 Marks
Internal Assessment : 05 Marks
Time : 03 Hours
30 hours (2 Hrs./week)
3 Periods/week

OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE :

To teach the fundamental concepts of Chemistry and their applications. The syllabus pertaining to B.Sc.
(GENERAL) (Semester System) in the subject of Chemistry has been upgraded as per provision of the UGC
module and demand of the academic environment. The course contents have been revised from time to time
as per suggestions of the teachers of the Chemistry working in the Panjab University, Chandigarh and
affiliated colleges. The syllabus contents are duly arranged unit wise and contents are included in such a
manner so that due importance is given to requisite intellectual and laboratory skills.

UNIT-I (8 Hrs.)

Structure and Bonding :

Hybridization, bond lengths and bond angles, bond energy, localized and delocalized chemical bond,
Van der Waals interactions, resonance, hyperconjugation, aromaticity, inductive and field effects,
hydrogen bonding.

Mechanism of Organic Reactions :

Curved arrow notation, drawing electron movements with arrows, half-headed and double- headed
arrows, homolytic and heterolytic bond breaking. Types of reagents—electrophiles and nucleophiles.
Types of organic reactions. Energy considerations.
Reactive intermediates—Carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, arynes and nitrenes (with
examples). Assigning formal charges on intermediates and other ionic species.
Methods of determination of reaction mechanism (product analysis, intermediates, isotope effects, kinetic
and stereochemical studies).

UNIT –II ( 7 Hrs.)

Electromagnetic Spectrum : Absorption Spectra :

Ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectroscopy – Absorption laws (Beer – Lambert Law), morlar absorptivity,
presentation and analysis of UV spectra, types of electronic transitions, effect of conjugation. Concept of
chromophore and auxochrome. Bathochromic, hypsochromic, hyperchromic and hypochromic shifts. UV
spectra of conjugated enes nd enones.
Woodward Fieser Rules and their applications in calculating maximum values of conjugated alkenes (cyclic
as well as acyclic) and conjugated carbonyl compounds.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 213

UNIT-III (8 Hrs.)

Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds I:

Concept of isomerism, Types of isomerism.

Optical isomerism – Elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, enantiomers, stereogenic center, optical
activity, properties of enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centers, diastereomers,
threo and erythro diastereomers, meso compounds, resolution of enantiomers, inversion, retention and
racemization.
Relative and absolute configuration, sequence rules, D & L and R & S systems of nomenclature.

UNIT-IV (7 Hrs.)

Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds II :

Geometric isomerism: Determination of configuration of geometric isomers. E & Z system of

nomenclature, geometric isomerism in oximes and alicyclic compounds.
Conformational isomerism—Conformational analysis of ethane and n-butane; conformations of
cyclohexane, axial and equatorial bonds, conformation of mono substituted cyclohexane
derivatives. Newman projection and Sawhorse formulae, Fischer and flying wedge formulae.
Difference between configuration and conformation.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTERS AND CANDIDATES :

(i) Examiner will set total of Nine questions comprising Two questions from each Unit and One
compulsory question of short answer type covering the whole syllabi.

(ii) The students are required to attempt Five questions in all, One question from each Unit and the
Compulsory question.

(iii) All questions carry equal marks.

Books Suggested :

1. Morrison, R.T., Boyd, R.N., Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition, Pubs : Prentice-Hall, 1992.

2. Solomons, T.W., Fryhle, C.B., Organic Chemistry, 9th Edition, Pubs : Wiley India, 2007.

3. Wade Jr., L.G., Singh, M.S., Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition, Pubs : Pearson Education, 2008.

4. Mukherji, S.M., Singh, S.P., Kapoor, R.P., Organic Chemistry, Pubs : New Age International, 1985.

5. Carey, F.A., Sundberg, R.J., Advanced Organic Chemistry Part B: Reactions and Synthesis, 5th
Edition, Pubs : Springer, 2007.
214 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Paper–III : PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY–A

Max. Marks : 50
Theory : 45 Marks
Internal Assessment : 05 Marks
Time : 03 Hours
30 hours (2 Hrs./week)
3 Periods/week
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE :
To teach the fundamental concepts of Physical Chemistry and their applications. The syllabus pertaining to
B.Sc. (GENERAL) (Semester System) in the subject of Chemistry has been upgraded as per provision of the
UGC module and demand of the academic environment. The course contents have been revised from time to
time as per suggestions of the teachers of the Chemistry working in the Panjab University, Chandigarh and
affiliated colleges. The syllabus contents are duly arranged unit wise and contents are included in such a
manner so that due importance may be given to requisite intellectual and laboratory skills.

UNIT-I ( 8 Hrs.)

Mathematical Concepts and Evaluation of Analytical Data :

Logarithmic relations, curve sketching, linear graphs and calculation of slopes, differentiation and
integration of functions like ex, xn, sin x, log x; maxima and minima, partial differentiation and
reciprocity relations.
Terms of mean and median, precision and accuracy in chemical analysis, determining accuracy of
methods, improving accuracy of analysis, data treatment for series involving relatively few measurements,
linear least squares curve fitting, types of errors, standard deviation.

UNIT-II ( 7 Hrs.)

Gaseous States:
Postulates of kinetic theory of gases, deviation from ideal behavior, Van der Waal’s equation of state.
Critical Phenomena : PV isotherms of real gases, continuity of states, the isotherms of Van der Waal’s
equation, relationship between critical constants and Van der Waal’s constants, the law of corresponding
states, reduced equation of state.
Molecular Velocities : Root mean square, average and most probable velocities. Qualitative discussion of
the Maxwell’s distribution of molecular velocities, collision number, mean free path and collision diameter.
Liquification of gases (based on Joule-Thomson effect).

UNIT-III (8 Hrs.)

Chemical Kinetics-I :

Chemical kinetics and its scope, rate of a reaction, factors influencing the rate of a reaction- concentration,
temperature, pressure, solvent, light, catalyst. Concentration dependence of rates, mathematical
characteristics of simple chemical reactions – zero order, first order, second order, pseudo order, half life and
mean life. Determination of the order of reaction – differential method, method of integration, method of half
life period and isolation method.
Radioactive decay as a first order phenomenon.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 215

UNIT-IV (7 Hrs.)
Chemical Kinetics-II :
Theories of Chemical Kinetics: Effect of temperature on rate of reaction, Arrhenius equation, concept of
activation energy.
Simple collision theory based on hard sphere model, transition state theory (equilibrium hypothesis).
Expression for the rate constant based on equilibrium constant and thermodynamic aspects.

Catalysis and general characteristics of catalytic reactions, Homogeneous catalysis, acid-base catalysis and
enzyme catalysis including their mechanisms, Michaelis Menten equation for enzyme catalysis and its
mechanism.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTERS AND CANDIDATES :

(i) Examiner will set total of Nine questions comprising Two questions from each Unit and One
compulsory question of short answer type covering the whole syllabi.

(ii) The students are required to attempt Five questions in all, One question from each Unit and the
Compulsory question.

(iii) All questions carry equal marks.

Books Suggested :

1. Atkins, P., Paula, J.de, Atkins Physical Chemistry; 8th edition, Pubs: Oxford University Press, 2008.

2. Puri, B.R., Sharma, L.R., Pathania, M.S., Principles of Physical Chemistry; 43rd edition, Pubs:
Vishal Publishing Co., 2008.
3. Barrow, G.M., Physical Chemistry; 6th edition, Pubs: McGraw Hill Inc., 1996.
4. Rao, C.N.R., University General Chemistry; Pubs: Macmillan India, 1985.
5. Berry, R.S., Rice, S.A., Ross, J., Physical Chemistry, 2nd edition, Pubs: Oxford University Press,
2000.
6. Albert, R.A., Silbey, R.J., Physical Chemistry; 1st edition, Pubs: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1992.
7. Dogra, S.K., Dogra, S., Physical Chemistry Through Problems; Pubs:Wiley Eastern Limited, 1991.
8. Levine, I.N., Physical Chemistry; 5th edition, Pubs: Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., 2002.
9. Moore, W. J., Basic Physical Chemistry; Pubs: Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 1983.
10. Metz, C.R., Theory and Problems of Physical Chemistry; Schaum’s Outline Series, 2 nd edition,
Pubs: McGraw-Hall Book Company, 1989.
216 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Paper-IV : LABORATORY PRACTICALS

Max. Marks : 50
Theory : 45 Marks
Internal Assessment : 05 Marks
6 Periods/week
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY :

(a) Qualitative Analysis :

Semimicro Analysis, cation analysis, separation and identification of ions from groups I, II, III, IV,
V and VI. Anion analysis (4 ions).

Instruction to Examiners : Four ions with no interference (anions such as PO 43- , BO3-3 and similar
anions like C1-, Br-, I- etc.) may not be given.

(b) Quantitative Analysis :

Volumetric titration involving acid-base, KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7.
There are three experiments – one involving acid-base titrations, one involving KMnO4 and one
involving K2Cr2O7.

1. Determination of strength of Na2Co3 solution by titrating it against a standard solution of

HCl.
2. Determination of molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it against a standard solution of
Oxalic acid.
3. Standardise the given K2Cr2O7 solution by titrating it against a standard solution of Mohr’s
Salt.

General Instruction to the Examiners:

Note : Practical examination will be of four hours duration & shall consist of the following questions:

Q.No. I. Qualitative Analysis : 13 marks

Q.No. II. Quantitative Analysis : 10 marks

Q.No. III. Physical Chemistry/ Organic Chemistry : 10 marks

Students shall be allowed the choice to opt for one experiment out of the three offered.

Q.No. IV. Viva-Voce : 6 marks

Ask three questions (2 marks each) related to chemistry practicals.

Q.No. V. Note Book : 6 marks

 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 217

Books Suggested (Laboratory Courses)

1. Svehla, Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis (revised); 7th edition Pubs: Orient Longman, 1996.

2. Bassett, J., Denney, R.C., Jeffery, G.H., Mendham, J., Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic
Analysis (revised); 4th edition, 1978.

3. Palmer, W.G., Experimental Inorganic Chemistry; 1st edition, Pubs: Cambridge, 1954.

4. Brauer, Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry; 2 nd edition, Pubs: Academic Press, 1963,
Vol. I & 1965, Vol. II.

5. Audrieth, L.F., Inorganic Synthesis; Pubs: McGraw Hill, 1950, Vol. 3rd; E.G. Rochow, 1960 Vol.
VI; J. Kleinberg, 1963, Vol. 7; S.Y. Tyree, 1967 ,Vol. 9; E.L. Muetterties, 1967, Vol.10; W.L. Jolly
1986, Vol 11; R.W. Parry 1970, Vol. 12; F.A. Cotton 1972, Vol. 13; A.G. Mac Diarmid, 1977,
Vol. 17.

6. Bansal, R.K., Laboratory Manual of Organic Chemistry; 3rd edition, Pubs: Wiley Eastern
Limited, 1994.
 218 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

CHEMISTRY
SEMESTER – II
Scheme of Teaching and Examination
Paper Course Teaching Hrs. Max. Marks
V Inorganic Chemistry-B 30 3 periods per week 45 + 5 internal assessment
VI Organic Chemistry-B 30 3 periods per week 45 + 5 internal assessment
VII Physical Chemistry-B 30 3 periods per week 45 + 5 internal assessment
VIII Laboratory Practicals 6 periods per week 45 + 5 internal assessment

Total : 0 9 periods/week 200

Paper- V : INORGANIC CHEMISTRY-B

Max. Marks : 50
Theory : 45 Marks
Internal Assessment : 05 Marks
Time : 03 Hours
30 hours 2Hrs./Week)
3 Periods/week

OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE :

To teach the fundamental concepts of Chemistry and their applications. The syllabus pertaining to B.Sc.
(GENERAL) (Semester System) in the subject of Chemistry has been upgraded as per provision of the UGC
module and demand of the academic environment. The course contents have been revised from time to time
as per suggestions of the teachers of the Chemistry working in the Panjab University, Chandigarh and
affiliated colleges. The syllabus contents are duly arranged unit wise and contents are included in such a
manner so that due importance is given to requisite intellectual and laboratory skills.

UNIT-I (7 Hrs.)

Chemical Bonding-II

Ionic Solids – Concept of close packing., Ionic structures, (NaCl type, Zinc blende, Wurtzite, CaF2 and
antifluorite), radius ratio rule and coordination number, limitation of radius ratio rule, lattice defects,
semiconductors.

UNIT-II (8 Hrs.)

Chemical Bonding-III

Lattice energy and Born-Haber cycle, solvation energy and solubility of ionic solids, polarizing power and
polarisability of ions, Fajan’s rule. Metallic bond-free electron, valence bond and band theories. Weak
Interactions – Hydrogen bonding, Van der Waals forces.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 219

UNIT-III (7 Hrs.)

p-Block Elements-I

Comparative study (including diagonal relationship) of groups 13-14 elements, compounds like hydrides,
oxides, oxyacids and halides of groups 13-14, hydrides of boron-diborane and higher boranes, borazine,
borohydrides, fullerenes, carbides, fluorocarbons.

UNIT-IV (8 Hrs.)

p-Block Elements-II

Comparative study of groups 15-17 elements, compounds like hydrides, oxides, oxyacids and halides of
groups 15-17, silicates (structural principle), tetrasulphur tetranitride, basic properties of halogens,
interhalogens and polyhalides.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTERS AND CANDIDATES :

(i) Examiner will set total of Nine questions comprising Two questions from each Unit and One
compulsory question of short answer type covering the whole syllabi.

(ii) The students are required to attempt Five questions in all, One question from each Unit and the
Compulsory question.

(iii) All questions carry equal marks.

Books Suggested :

1. Cotton, F.A., Wilkinson, G., Gaus, P.L., Basic Inorganic Chemistry; 2nd edition, Pubs: John Wiley and
Sons, 1995.
2. Lee, J.D., Concise Inorganic Chemistry; 4th edition, Pubs: Chapman & Hall Ltd., 1991.
3. Shriver, D.E., Atkins, P.W., Inorganic Chemistry; 4th edition, Pubs: Oxford University Press, 2006.
4. Douglas, B., Medaniel, D., Atenander, J., Concepts and Models of Inorganic Chemistry; 3rd edition,
Pubs: John Wiley and Sons Inc., 1994,
5. Porterfeild, W.W., Wesky, A., Inorganic Chemistry; Pubs: Addison-Wesky Publishing Company, 1984.
6. Miessler, G.L., Tarr, D.A., Inorganic Chemistry; 3rd edition, Pubs: Pearson Education Inc., 2004,
7. Jolly, W.L., Modern Inorganic Chemistry; 2nd edition, Pubs: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company
Limited, 1991.
8. Purcell, K.F., Kotz, J.C., Inorganic Chemistry; Pubs: W.B. Saunders Company, 1977.
9. Puri, B.R., Sharma, L.R., Kalia, K.K., Principles of Inorganic Chemistry; 30th edition, Pubs: Milestones
Publisher, 2006-07.
220 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Paper- VI : ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-B

Max. Marks : 50
Theory : 45 Marks
Internal Assessment : 05 Marks
Time : 03 Hours
30 hours 2Hrs./Week)
3 Periods/week
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE :
To teach the fundamental concepts of Chemistry and their applications. The syllabus pertaining to B.Sc.
(GENERAL) (Semester System) in the subject of Chemistry has been upgraded as per provision of the UGC
module and demand of the academic environment. The course contents have been revised from time to time as
per suggestions of the teachers of the Chemistry working in the Panjab University, Chandigarh and affiliated
colleges. The syllabus contents are duly arranged unit wise and contents are included in such a manner so that
due importance is given to requisite intellectual and laboratory skills.

UNIT-I (7 Hrs.)
Alkanes and Cycloalkanes :
Isomerism in alkanes, sources, methods of formation (with special reference to Wurtz reaction, Kolbe
reaction, Corey-House reaction and decarboxylation of carboxylic acids), physical properties and
chemical reactions of alkanes.
Mechanism of free radical halogenation of alkanes : Orientation, reactivity and selectivity.
Cycloalkanes—nomenclature, methods of formation, chemical reactions, Baeyer’s strain theory and its
limitations. Ring strain in small rings (cyclopropane and cyclobutane), theory of stainless rings. The case
of cyclopropane ring : banana bonds.

UNIT-II (8 Hrs.)

Alkenes, Cycloalkenes :

Nomenclature of alkenes, methods of formation, mechanisms of dehydration of alcohols and

dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides, regioselectivity in alcohol dehydration. The Saytzeff’s Rule, Hofmann
elimination, physical properties and relative stabilities of alkenes.
Chemical reactions of alkenes – mechanisms involved in hydrogenation, electrophilic and free radical
additions, Markownikoff’s rule, hydroboration – oxidation, oxymercuration-reduction. Epoxidation,
ozonolysis, hydration, hydroxylation and oxidation with KMnO4. Polymerization of alkenes. Substitution at
the allylic and vinylic positions of alkenes. Industrial applications of ethylene and propene.

UNIT-III (7 Hrs.)
Dienes and Alkynes :
Methods of formation, conformation and chemical reactions of cycloalkenes.
Nomenclature and classification of dienes : Isolated, conjugated and cumulated dienes. Structure of allenes
and butadiene, methods of formation, polymerization. Chemical reactions – 1,2 and 1,4 additions, Diels-Alder
reaction.
Nomenclature, structure and bonding in alkynes. Methods of formation. Chemical reactions of alkynes,
acidity of alkynes. Mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic addition reactions, hydroboration-oxidation,
metal-ammonia reductions, oxidation and polymerization.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 221

UNIT-IV (8 Hrs.)

Arenes and Aromaticity:

Nomenclature of benzene derivatives. The aryl group, Aromatic nucleus and side chain, Structure of benzene
: Molecular formula and Kekule structure. Stability and carbon-carbon bond lengths of benzene, resonance
structure, MO picture.
Aromaticity : The Huckel rule, aromatic ions.
Aromatic electrophilic substitution—General pattern of the mechanism, role of σ and π –
complexes. Mechanism of nitration, halogenation, sulphonation, mercuration and Friedel-Crafts reaction.
Energy profile diagrams. Activating and deactivating substituents, orientation and ortho/para ratio. Side
chain reactions of benzene derivatives. Methods of formation and chemical reactions of alkylbenzenes,
alkynyl benzenes and biphenyl.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTERS AND CANDIDATES :

(i) Examiner will set total of Nine questions comprising Two questions from each Unit and One
compulsory question of short answer type covering the whole syllabi.

(ii) The students are required to attempt Five questions in all, One question from each Unit and the
Compulsory question.

(iii) All questions carry equal marks.

Books Suggested :

1. Morrison, R.T., Boyd, R.N., Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition, Pubs : Prentice-Hall, 1992.

2. Solomons, T.W., Fryhle, C.B., Organic Chemistry, 9th Edition, Pubs : Wiley India, 2007.

3. Wade Jr., L.G., Singh, M.S., Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition, Pubs : Pearson Education, 2008.

4. Mukherji, S.M., Singh, S.P., Kapoor, R.P., Organic Chemistry, Pubs : New Age International, 1985.

5. Carey, F.A., Sundberg, R.J., Advanced Organic Chemistry Part B: Reactions and Synthesis, 5th
Edition, Pubs : Springer, 2007.
 222 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Paper–VII : PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY–B

Max. Marks : 50
Theory : 45 Marks
Internal Assessment : 05 Marks
Time : 03 Hours
30 hours 2Hrs./Week)
3 Periods/week
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE :
To teach the fundamental concepts of Physical Chemistry and their applications. The syllabus pertaining to
B.Sc. (GENERAL) (Semester System) in the subject of Chemistry has been upgraded as per provision of the
UGC module and demand of the academic environment. The course contents have been revised from time to
time as per suggestions of the teachers of the Chemistry working in the Panjab University, Chandigarh and
affiliated colleges. The syllabus contents are duly arranged unit wise and contents are included in such a
manner so that due importance is given to requisite intellectual and laboratory skills.

UNIT-I (8 Hrs.)

Thermodynamics-I:

Definition of Thermodynamic Terms: System, surroundings etc. Types of systems, intensive and extensive
properties. State and path functions and their differentials. Thermodynamic process. Concept of heat and
work.

First Law of Thermodynamics: Statement, definition of internal energy and enthalpy, Heat capacity, heat
capacities at constant volume and pressure and their relationship. Joule’s Law-Joule-Thomson coefficient and
inversion temperature. Calculations of w, q, dU & dH for the expansion of ideal gases under isothermal and
adiabatic conditions for reversible process.

UNIT-II (7 Hrs.)

Thermochemistry:

Standard state, standard enthalpy of formation-Hess’s Law of constant Heat Summation and its applications.
Heat of reaction at constant pressure and at constant volume. Enthalpy of neutralization. Bond dissociation
energy and its calculation from thermo-chemical data, temperature dependence of enthalpy. Kirchoff’s
equation.

UNIT- III (7 Hrs.)

Colloidal State:

Definition of colloids, classification of colloids.

Solids in liquids (sols): Properties –kinetic, optical and electrical; stability of colloids, protective action, Hardy-
Schulze rules, gold number.
Liquids in liquids (emulsions) : Types of emulsions, preparation. Emulsifier.
Liquids in solids (gels): Classification, preparation and properties, inhibition, general applications of colloids.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 223

UNIT-IV (8 Hrs.)

Solutions, Dilute Solutions and Colligative Properties:

Ideal and non-ideal solutions, methods of expressing concentrations of solutions, activity and activity
coefficient.
Dilute solution, colligative properties, Raoult’s law, relative lowering of vapour pressure, molecular weight
determination. Osmosis, law of osmotic pressure and its measurement, determination of molecular weight from
osmotic pressure. Elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point. Thermodynamic derivation of
relation between molecular weight and elevation in boiling point and depression of freezing point.
Experimental methods for determining various colligative properties.

Abnormal molar mass, degree of dissociation and association of solutes.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTERS AND CANDIDATES :

(i) Examiner will set total of Nine questions comprising Two questions from each Unit and One
compulsory question of short answer type covering the whole syllabi.

(ii) The students are required to attempt Five questions in all, One question from each Unit and the
Compulsory question.

(iii) All questions carry equal marks.

Books Suggested :

1. Atkins, P., Paula, J.de, Atkins Physical Chemistry; 8th edition, Pubs: Oxford University Press, 2008.

2. Puri, B.R., Sharma, L.R., Pathania, M.S., Principles of Physical Chemistry; 43rd edition, Pubs:
Vishal Publishing Co., 2008.

3. Barrow, G.M., Physical Chemistry; 6th edition, Pubs: McGraw Hill Inc., 1996.

4. Rao, C.N.R., University General Chemistry; Pubs: Macmillan India, 1985.

5. Berry, R.S., Rice, S.A., Ross, J., Physical Chemistry; 2nd edition, Pubs: Oxford University Press,
2000.
6. Albert, R.A., Silbey, R.J., Physical Chemistry; 1st edition, Pubs: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1992.

7. Dogra, S.K., Dogra, S., Physical Chemistry Through Problems; Pubs: Wiley Eastern Limited, 1991.

8. Levine, I.N., Physical Chemistry; 5th edition, Pubs: Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., 2002.

9. Moore, W. J., Basic Physical Chemistry; Pubs: Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 1983.

10. Metz, C.R., Theory and Problems of Physical Chemistry; Schaum’s Outline Series, 2 nd edition,
Pubs: McGraw-Hall Book Company, 1989.
224 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Paper-VIII : LABORATORY PRACTICALS

Max. Marks : 50
Theory : 45
Marks
Internal Assessment : 05 Marks
6 Periods/week
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND GREEN CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS :
Green Chemistry practicals Crystallization and determination of melting points
Concept of induction of Crystallization
1. Phthalic cid from hot water (using fluted filter paper and stemless funnel).
2. Acetanilide from boiling water.
3. Benzoic acid from water
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Chemical Kinetics
1. Refractive indices
Determine the Refractive indices of given liquids (water, acetone, methanol, ethylacetate, cyclohexane)
by Abbes, refractometer & calculate their specific refractions.
2. Viscosity
To determine the viscosity of Brine Solution (20%), n-Butyl alcohol, cyclohexane
3. Suface Tension
To determine the surface tension of Brine Solution (20%), n-Butyl alcohol, Cyclohexane
General Instruction to the Examiners:
Note : Practical examination will be of four hours duration & shall consist of the following questions:

Q.No. I. Qualitative Analysis : 13 marks

Q.No. II. Quantitative Analysis : 10 marks

Q.No. III. Physical Chemistry/ Organic Chemistry : 10 marks

Students shall be allowed the choice to opt for one experiment out of the three offered.

Q.No. IV. Viva-Voce : 6 marks

Ask three questions (2 marks each) related to chemistry practicals.

Q.No. V. Note Book : 6 marks

Books Suggested (Laboratory Courses)

1. Khosla, B.D., Garg, V.C., Gulati, A., Senior Practical Physical Chemistry; 11th edition, Pubs: R.
Chand & Co., New Delhi, 2002.

2. Das, R.C., Behra, B., Experimental Physical Chemistry; Pubs: Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.
Ltd., 1998.

3. Levitt, B.P., Findlays Practical Physical Chemistry; 8th edition, Pubs: Longman Group Ltd.,
London & New York, 1978.
……………………….
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 225

BOTANY

First Semester Time Theory Int Max

Assess. Marks

Theory Paper- A Plant Diversity-I 3 hrs. 68 07 75

Theory Paper-B Cell Biology 3 hrs. 68 07 75
One practical pertaining to entire syllabus included in both theory 4 hrs. 45 05 50
papers

Second Semester

Theory Paper –A Plant Diversity-II 3hrs 68 07 75

Theory Paper-B Genetics 3hrs 68 07 75
One practical pertaining to entire syllabus included in both theory 4 hrs. 45 05 50
papers
Total 400

Note: 1. The number of teaching hours for theory and practical per semester shall be 60 hrs. and 100 hrs.
respectively.
2. There will be two theory papers (A&B) in each semester. Each paper will consist of nine questions.
Question No.1 will be compulsory and will consist of 20 parts (one mark each) comprising 10 MCQ
and the rest 10 parts will be of fill-in the blanks covering the entire syllabus in both the theory papers
A&B. The remaining 8 questions in papers A&B shall include two questions from each unit.
Candidates shall be required to attempt one question from each Unit. Question No. 1 will carry 20
marks and the rest of 8 questions will be of 12 marks each.

BOTANY
SEMESTER – I

Paper-A: PLANT DIVERSITY-I

Objective: The basic objective of this paper is to make students aware about the diversity in various life forms
of plant kingdom. It gives an idea about the most simple group of plants. A systematic study of algae and fungi
included in this group would familiarize students not only with structural differentiation but also provide an
insight about the heterotrophic and autotropic and autotrophic modes of nutrition in the plant kingdom. This
paper in fact forms the basis of any advance study in Botany.

Teaching Methodology: Teaching methodology includes series of lectures, making use of charts,
transparencies, LCD, Models, slides, practical demonstrations, extension lectures from experts, field visits,
discussions, quiz competitions etc. In practicals, students would be provided with fresh/preserved materials for
their morphological and anatomical studies making use of microscopes and binoculars and hands-on
tools/equipment etc.
 226 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

UNIT – I

Bacteria: Salient features, types and cell structure.

Algae: General Characters; systematic position, structure and life history of Oscillatoria (Cyanophyceae)
Volvox, Cladophora (Chlorophyceae); Vaucheria (Xanthophyceae).

UNIT-II

Systematic position, structure and life history of Dictyota (Phaeophyceae); Batrachospermum (Rhodophyceae)
and economic importance of algae.

UNIT-III

Fungi: General characters; systematic position, structure and life history of Albugo (White rust of crucifers:
Albugo candida), Rhizopus and Saccharomyces.

UNIT-IV

Systematic position, structure and life history of Agaricus, Ustilago (Loose smut of wheat: Ustilago tritici),
Puccinia (Black rust of wheat: Puccinia graminis tritici), Colletotrichum (Red rot of sugarcane: Colletotrichum
falcatum); general account of Lichens and their economic importance.

Suggested Readings :

1. Alexopoulos, C. J. Mims, C. W`. and Blackwell, M. 1996. Introductory Mycology. John Wiley and
Sons, Inc. USA.
2. Dube, H.C. 1990. An Introduction to Fungi. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Delhi.
3. Goyal, J. P. Dhand, Neelam and Saini, Aruna. 2011. Foundations of Botany. Trueman Book Company
Jalandhar.
4. Pandey, B.P. 2009. Botany for Degree Students. S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Sharma, O.P. 1992. Text Book of Thallophytes, McMillan India Ltd., New Delhi.
6. Sharma, P.D. 1991. The Fungi. Rastogi & Co., Meerut.
7. Smith, G.M. 1971. Cryptogamic Botany. Vol. 1, Algae & Fungi, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.
New Delhi.
8. Singh, V. Pandey, P.C. and Jain, D.K. 2012. Text Book of Botany, Diversity of Microbes and
Cryptogams. Rastogi Publications, Meerut & New Delhi.
9. Srivastava, H.N. 2013. Pradeep’s Botany Vol. I (Diversity of Microbes and Cryptogams),
Pradeep Publications, Jalandhar (India).
10. Vishishta, B. R. 1999. Botany for Degree Students. Algae. S. Chand and Company Ltd., New
Delhi.
11. Vishishta, B. R. 1999. Botany for Degree Students. Fungi. S. Chand and Company Ltd., New
Delhi.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 227

Paper-B: Cell Biology

Objective: This paper deals with the basic structural unit of life i.e. Cell & its organelles. It provides an insight
into structural and cytological basis of functional differentiation in plants. Coupled with the study of
prokaryotic and eukaryotic diversity of life forms included in Paper-A, the course material of this paper gives
an idea about cellular, molecular and biochemical basis of such differentiation.
Teaching Methodology: Teaching methodology includes series of lectures, making use of charts,
transparencies, LCD, Models, slides, practical demonstrations, extension lectures from experts, field visits,
discussions, quiz competitions etc. In practicals, students would be provided with fresh/preserved materials for
their morphological and anatomical studies making use of microscopes and binoculars and hands-on
tools/equipment etc.

UNIT – I
Ultrastructure and functions of a typical plant cell and its organelles: Nucleus, Mitochondrion, Plastids,
Ribosome, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Lysosomes; Structure and functions of cell wall and
plasma membrane: fluid mosaic model only.

UNIT-II
Physical structure of chromosome; Giant chromosomes: Polytene and Lampbrush chromosomes; Chromosomal
alterations (deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation) and their importance; Variations in chromosome
number, (aneuploidy and polyploidy) introduction and their importance.

UNIT-III

Cell divisions: Mitosis and Meiosis in plants and their significance, Synaptonemal complex, DNA: Structure
(Watson and Crick model), Nucleosome, types of DNA and role of DNA, Replication of DNA.

UNIT-IV
Structure and concept of gene: One gene-one enzyme hypothesis; Genetic Code: Characteristics, exceptions,
Wobble hypothesis; RNA: Structure and types; Transcription and translation; Regulation of gene expression in
prokaryotes (Lac operon and Tryptophan operon) and in eukaryotes (a brief account).

Suggested Readings :

1. Alberts, B., Gray, D. Lewis, J. Raff, M., Roberts, K. and Watson, I.D. 1999. Molecular Biology of
Cell. Garland Publishing Co., Inc., New York, USA.
2. Bhatia, K.N. and Dhand Neelam. 2013. Cell Biology and Genetics. Trueman Book Company,
Jalandhar.
3. Gupta, P.K. 1999. A Text-book of Cell and Molecular Biology. Rastogi Publications, Meerut,
India.
4. Kleinsmith, L.J. and Kish, V.M. 1995. Principles of Cell and Molecular Biology (2nd edition).
Harper Collins College Publishers, New York, USA.
5. Lodish, H., Berk, A., Zipursky, S.L. Matsudaira, P., Baltimor, D. and Darnell, J. 2000. Molecular Cell
Biology. W.H. Freeman & Co., New York, USA.
6. Srivastava, H. N. 2013. Pradeep’s Botany Vol. II Cell Biology and Genetics, Pradeep Publications,
Jalandhar (India).
7. Wolfe, S.L. 1993. Molecular and Cell Biology. Wadsworth Publishing Co., California, USA.
 228 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Suggested laboratory exercises for First Semester :

1. Study of morphology of various genera included in algae and fungi.

2. Study of Crustose, Foliose and Fructicose types of Lichen thalli.
3. Histopathological study of White rust of crucifers, Loose smut of wheat, Black rust of wheat and Red
rot of sugarcane.
4. To study cell structure from onion leaf peels; demonostration of staining and mounting method.
5. Preparation of temporary slides to show different stages of mitosis from root tips of Allium cepa and A.
sativum.
6. Preparation of temporary slides to show different stages of meiosis from floral buds of
Allium/Brassica.

Guidelines for Botany Practical Examination:

Max. Marks : 50
Practical : 45
Internal Assessment : 05
Time : 4 hrs

1. Identify, classify and write illustrated morphological note on specimens A and B. 12

2. Make a temporary mount of .............(to be announced by the examiner) from specimen C and 08
show it to the examiner, identify, draw its labelled diagram and write a brief note on it. (specimen
to be given from algae or fungi).

3. Prepare a squash mount of specimen D to show the stage of cell division visible in the slide and 09
show it to the examiner. Identify it giving at least one reason. Draw the stage of cell division and
show it to the examiner.
4. Identify the slides E, F and G giving at least two reasons for each. 06
5. Viva-voce and Practical Note-book 5+5=10

………………………..
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 229

BOTANY
[

SEMESTER – II
Paper-A: Plant Diversity-II
Objective: The basic objective of this paper is to make the students aware about the diversity in various life
forms of plant kingdom. It gives an idea about how different life forms have evolved from simpler to complex
ones. A sequential study ranging from Bryophytes (the amphibians of plant kingdom) and then to Pteridophytes
-the first vascular land plants, would enable students to have a broad prospective of evolutionary trends in plant
kingdom.
Teaching Methodology: Teaching methodology includes series of lectures, making use of charts,
transparencies, LCD, Models, slides, practical demonstrations, extension lectures from experts, field visits,
discussions, quiz competitions etc. In practicals, students would be provided with fresh/preserved materials for
their morphological and anatomical studies making use of microscopes and binoculars and hands-on
tools/equipment etc.
UNIT – I

Bryophyta: General characters; systematic position, structure, reproduction and life cycle of Marchantia and
Riccia (Hepaticopsida) excluding developmental stages.

UNIT-II

Systematic position, structure, reproduction and life cycle of Anthoceros (Anthocerotopsida) and Funaria
(Bryopsida) excluding developmental stages.

UNIT – III
Pteridophyta: General characters; systematic position, structure, reproduction and life cycle of Rhynia
(Psilophytopsida) and Selaginella (Lycopsida) excluding developmental stages.

UNIT-IV

Systematic position, structure, reproduction and life cycle of Equisetum (Sphenopsida) and Pteris (Pteropsida)
excluding developmental stages.

Suggested Readings
1. Goyal, J. P. Dhand, Neelam and Saini, Aruna 2011. Foundations of Botany. Trueman Book Company
Jalandhar.
2. Pandey, B.P. 2009. Botany for Degree Students. S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi
3. Puri, P. 1980. Bryophyta. Atma Ram & Sons, Delhi.
4. Sharma, O.P. 1990. Text Book of Pteridophyta, McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi.
5. Singh, V. Pandey, P.C. and Jain, D.K. 2012. Text Book of Botany, Diversity of Microbes and
Cryptogams. Rastogi Publications, Meerut & New Delhi.
6. Smith, G.M. 1971. Cryptogamic Botany. Vol. II, Bryophytes and Pteridophytes, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Co., New Delhi.
7. Srivastava, H.N. 2013.Pradeep’s Botany Vol. I (Diversity of Microbes and Cryptogams), Pradeep
Publications, Jalandhar (India).
8. Vishishta, B. R. 1999. Botany for Degree Students. Bryophyta. S. Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi.
 230 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Paper-B : Genetics
Objective: This paper deals with various aspects of hereditary trends observed in successive generations. It
provides an insight into genetic basis of such evolutionary trends in plants. Coupled with the study of variations
in life forms included in Paper A, the course material of Paper B provides an idea about the important role that
genetics plays in structural and functional differentiation of plants.
Teaching Methodology: Teaching methodology includes series of lectures, making use of charts,
transparencies, LCD, Models, slides, practical demonstrations, extension lectures from experts, field visits,
discussions, quiz competitions etc. In practicals, students would be provided with fresh/preserved materials for
their morphological and anatomical studies making use of microscopes and binoculars and hands-on
tools/equipment etc.

UNIT-I
Mendelism : Mendel’s experiments and results, Mendel’s Laws of Dominance, Segregation and Independent
assortment; Linkage: complete and incomplete linkage, linkage groups, linkage maps, importance of linkage,
cytological interpretation of Mendelism.

UNIT-II
Non-allelic Gene Interactions: Dominant and recessive epistasis, supplementary genes, complementary genes,
quantitative or polygenic inheritance, duplicate genes. Allelic gene interactions: Incomplete dominance,
codominance, multiple alleles, pleiotropic genes.
UNIT-III
Chromosome theory of heredity, parallelism between chromosome and Mendelian factors, Sex linked
inheritance; Characteristics and examples (Haemophilia, colour-blindness); Cytoplasmic or extranuclear
inheritance: mitochondrial and plastid DNA; plastid inheritance in Mirabilis, mitochondrial inheritance in
Yeast.
UNIT – IV
Genetic variations: Continuous and Discontinuous; Mutations: characteristics, types, importance, factors
affecting mutations; Mutagens: Physical and chemical, mechanism of gene mutations; DNA damage and repair:
Types of damage (Single base change and structural distortion), types of repair system in prokaryotes and
eukaryotes.
Suggested Readings :
1. Atherly, A.G., Girton, J.R. and McDonald, J.F. 1999. The Science of Genetics. Saunders College
Publishing, Fort Worth, USA.
2. Bhatia, K. N. and Dhand Neelam 2013.. Cell Biology and Genetics. Trueman Book Company, Jalandhar.
3. Gupta, P.K. 1999. Genetics. Rastogi Publications, Meerut, India.
4. Russel, P.J. 1998. Genetics. The Benjamin/Cummings. Publishing Co. Inc., USA.
5. Snustad, D.P. and Simmons, M.J. 2000. Principles of Genetics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA.
6. Srivastava, H. N. 2013. Pradeep’s Botany Vol. II Cell Biology and Genetics, Pradeep Publications,
Jalandhar (India).
7. Stent, G.S. 1986. Molecular Genetics. CBS Publications.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 231

Suggested laboratory exercises for Second Semester:

1. Study of morphology of various genera mentioned in Bryophyta and Pteridophyta.

2. I. Preparation of permanent stained slides of :
Marchantia (V.S. Thallus) Selaginella (T.S. Stem)
Riccia (V.S. Thallus)
Anthoceros (V.S. Thallus) Equisetum (T.S. Aerial stem passing
through internode)
Funaria (T.S. Stem) Pteris ( T.S. Petiole and leaflet)

II. Study through permanent slides:

Marchantia
i) L.S. Antheridiophore
ii) L.S. Archegoniophore
iii) L.S. Mature sporogonium
Riccia
L.S. Mature sporogonium

Anthoceros
i) T.S. Thallus passing through antheridia
ii) T.S. Thallus passing through archegonia
iii) L.S. Mature sporogonium.

Funaria
i) L.S. Male receptacle
ii) L.S. Female receptacle
iii) L.S. Capsule
iv) Primary protonema
Selaginella
L.S. Sporangiferous spike
Equisetum
i) L.S. Strobilus
ii) T.S. Strobilus
Pteris
Mature prothallus
3. Problems related to Mendalism and gene interactions.
 232 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Guidelines for Botany Practical Examination:

Max. Marks : 50
Practical : 45
Internal Assessment : 05
Time : 3 hrs

1. Cut T.S., stain and make a permanent mount of specimen A. Draw its labelled diagram and show 12
the slide to the examiner. Identify it giving at least two reasons.

2. Make a temporary mount of .................. (to be announced by the examiner) from specimen B and 08
show it to the examiner, Identify, draw its labelled diagram and write a brief note on it. (specimen
to be given from Bryophyta or Pteridophyta).

3. Problem related to Mendalism or gene interaction (to be announced by the examiner). 09

4. Identify the slides C, D and E giving at least two reasons for each. 06

5. Viva-voce & Practical Note-book. 5+5=10

………………………………………
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 233

ZOOLOGY

SEMESTER – I

Time Theory Internal Marks

Assessment
Paper-I : Cell Biology 3 hrs. 67 8 75
Paper-II: Biodiversity- I 3 hrs. 67 8 75

Practical: One paper covering entire 4 hrs. 45 5 50

syllabus of both the papers. -----
Total marks : 200
-----
SEMESTER - II

Time Theory Internal Marks

Assessment
Paper-III : Biodiversity-II 3 hrs. 67 8 75
Paper-IV: Ecology 3 hrs. 67 8 75

Practical: One paper covering entire 4 hrs. 45 5 50

syllabus of both the papers. -----
Total marks : 200
-----
Note : The number of hours for Theory and Practical per week shall be 5 and 4 hours, respectively.

OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE

The syllabus pertaining to B.Sc. (General) Part-I, in the subject of Zoology has been upgraded as per
provision of the UGC module and demand of the academic environment. The course contents have been
revised from time to time as per suggestions of the teachers of the Zoology working in the Panjab University,
Chandigarh and affiliated colleges.

The syllabus contents are duly arranged section wise as well as unit wise. The contents are included in such
manner so that due importance may be given to skill oriented components.

The course contents are also given due stress for excursion/field trips to Zoological Parks, Sea-shores, Hill
Stations, Museum, Fossil Park and Apiary/godowns for better academic outlook. The Department of
Zoology, P.U., Chandigarh usually organizes workshop/seminars from time to time for updating the
teachers.
234 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

ZOOLOGY
SEMESTER – I
PAPER–I : CELL BIOLOGY (ZOO. 101)

Max. Marks : 75 marks

Theory : 67 marks
Internal Assessment : 8 marks
Time : 3 Hrs.

Note : Nine questions are to be set. Question No.1 is compulsory consisting of short answer type
questions covering the whole syllabus. It will have 10 parts of 1½ marks each. Two questions are to be
set from each Unit. One question is to be attempted from each Unit. In all, Five questions are to be
attempted including compulsory one. 50% of the questions are to be split up into 2-4 sub-parts.

UNIT – I

Methods in Cell Biology : Principles and applications of light ( simple, compound & phase contrast)
and electron (SEM & TEM) microscopes
Fixation & fixatives, staining techniques. (simple and double staining)
Organisation of Cell : Concept of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell, extra nuclear and nuclear
organization of cell.
Plasma membrane : Structure with particular references to Fluid Mosaic Model, Osmosis,
active and passive transport, endocytosis and exocytosis.

UNIT – II

Endoplasmic reticulum : Structure, types, associated enzymes and functions.

Mitochondria : Structure, mitochondrial enzymes and the role of mitochondria in
respiration. Mitochondrial DNA.
Golgi complex : Structure, associated enzymes and functions.

UNIT – III

Lysosomes : Lysosomal enzymes, Polymorphism and functions.

Ribosomes : Types of ribosomes, their structure and functions.
Centrosome : Structure and functions.

UNIT-IV

Nucleus : Structure and functions of nuclear membrane, nucleolus and chromsomes.

Euchromatin & Heterochromatin
An elementary idea of cell : Introduction, difference between normal and Cancer cells, types of cancer,
transformation in Cancer basic idea of transformation.
An elementary idea of : Cellular & Humoral immunity. Elementary idea of cells & organs of
cellular basis of immunity immune system .
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 235

Books Recommended :

1. Essential Cell Biology – Alberts, Garland Publishers, New York, 3rd edition, 1997.
2. The Cell : A molecular approach – G.M. Cooper, Robert & Hausman Sinauer Associates Inc., 4th
edition, 2007.
3. Molecular Cell Biology – Harvey Lodish, Arnold Berk, Chris A. Kaiser, Monty Kriegr, Mathew P.
Scott. Anthony Bretscher, Hiddle Ploegh, W.H. Freeman, 6th edition, 2007.
4. Cell & Molecular Biology – G. Karp. John Wiley & Sons, 2001.
5. Cell & Molecular Biology - De Robertis, E.D.P. & De Robertis, E.M.F., W.B. Saiunders Co.,
Philadelphia, 8th edition, 1995.
6. Cell Biology - Powar, C.B., Himalaya Publishing House, Bombaty, 1999.

PAPER–II : BIODIVERSITY-I (ZOO. 102)

Max. Marks : 75 marks
Theory : 67 marks
Internal Assessment : 8 marks
Time : 3 Hrs.

Note : Nine questions are to be set. Question No.1 is compulsory consisting of short answer type
questions covering the whole syllabus. It will have 10 parts of 1½ marks each. Two questions are to be
set from each Unit. One question is to be attempted from each Unit. In all, Five questions are to be
attempted including compulsory one. 50% of the questions are to be split up into 2-4 sub-parts.

UNIT – I

Detailed study of the following protozoan types :

Amoeba, Paramecium and Plasmodium.

Classification up to orders with ecological notes and economic importance (if any ) of the following :
Entamoeba, Trypanosoma, Giardia, Noctiluca, Eimeria, Opalina,Vorticella, Balantidium and Nyctotherus.

UNIT – II

Detailed study of the following animal types :

Parazoa (Porifera) : Sycon (Scypha)
Cnidaria (Coelenterata) : Obelia

Classification upto orders with brief ecological note and economic importance (if any) of the following:

Parazoa (Porifera) : Grantia, Euplectella, Hyalonema and Spongilla

Cnidaria (Coelenterata) : Hydra, Sertularia, Plumularia, Obelia, Tubularia, Bougainvillea, Porpita,
Velella, Physalia, Rhizostoma Millipora, Aurelia, Alcyonium, Tubipora,
Zoanthus, Metridium, Madrepora, Favia, Fungia and Astrangia.
236 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

UNIT – III

Detailed study of the following animal types :

Platyhelminthes : Fasciola,Taenia
Aschelminthes : Ascaris
Parasitic adaptations in Helminths
Classification upto orders with brief ecological note and economic importance (if any) of the following:
Platyhelminthes : Dugesia, Schistosoma and Echinococcus.
Aschelminthes : Ascaris, Oxyuris, Wuchereria.

UNIT-IV

Detailed study of the following animal type :

Annelida : Pheretima

Classification upto orders with brief ecological note and economic importance (if any) of the following:
Annelida : Nereis, Polynoe, Eunice, Arenicola, Aphrodite, Amphitrite, Chaetopterus,
Tubifex and Pontobdella.

PRACTICALS : Practical based on Theory Papers ZOO-101 & ZOO-102 (ZOO-151)

1. Examination of cultures of Euglena and Paramecium.
2. Classification upto orders with ecological notes and economic importance, if any, of the following
animals :
Slides : Amoeba, Euglena, Trypanosoma, Noctiluca, Eimeria, Monocystis, Paramoecium (Binary
fission and conjugation), Opalina, Vorticella, Balantidium, Nyctotherus & Polystomella.
Parazoa (Porifera) : Specimens: Sycon, Grantia, Euplectella, Hyalonema, Spongilla, Euspongia.

Cnidaria (Coelenterata) (a) Specimens : Porpita, Velella, Physalia, Aurelia, Rhizostoma

Metridium, Millipora, Alcyonium, Tubipora, Zoanthus,
Madrepora, Favia, Fungia and Astrangia.

(b) Slides : Hydra (W.M.) Hydra with buds. Obelia (colony and
medusa). Sertularia, Plumularia, Tubularia, Bougainvillea
and Aurelia larva.

Aschelminthes : Ascaris (male and female), Trichinella, Ancylostoma.

Platyhelminthes (a) Specimens : Dugesia, Fasciola, Taenia, Echinococcus.

(b) Slides : Miracidium, Sporocyst, Redia, Cercaria of Fasciola,

Scolex and Proglottids of Taenia (mature and gravid).

Annelida : Pheretima, Nereis, Heteronereis, Polynoe, Eunice, Aphrodite,

Chaetopterus, Arenicola, Tubifex and Pontobdella.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 237

3. Study of the following permanent stained preparations :

• L.S. and T.S. Sycon, gemmules, spicules and spongin fibres of a sponge.
• T.S. Hydra (Testis and ovary region).
• T.S. Pheretima (Pharyngeal and typhlosolar regions); setae, septal nephridia, spermathecae and
ovary of Pheretima
• T.S. Fasciola (Different regions).
• T.S. Ascaris (Male & female).

4. Preparation of the following slides :

Temporary preparation of Paramecium, Gemmule, spicules of a sponge, setae of earthworm,
spermatheca of earthworm.
Preparation of permanent whole mount stained in borax carmine of Hydra,Obelia. Sertularia,
Plumularia and`Bougainvillea

5. Dissections of the following animals :

Pheretima:: Digestive, reproductive and nervous systems.

6. Demonstration of sex-chromatin from buccal smear.

7. Introduction to the following through photographs/lab. visits :

• Gel electrophoresis, TEM & SEM, ultrastructure of cell organelles.

• Study of slide of striated muscle fibre.

Note : 1. Candidates will be required to submit their original note books containing record of their
laboratory work (Drawing etc.) initialed and dated by their teachers at the time of practical
examination.

2. Students must be taken out for excursion to the Zoological gardens/sea/ shores/hill stations/
surroundings area to study habitat and ecology of the animals.

Guidelines for the conduct of Practical Examination

Max. Marks : 50
Practical Exam. : 45 marks
Internal Assessment : 5 marks
Time : 3 hours

1. Dissect the animal provided so as to expose its system. Draw its labelled sketch and 7 marks
demonstrate it to the Examiner.

2. Make a temporary mount of the material “A”. Identify and draw its labelled sketch and 3 marks
show it to the examiner.

3. Make permanent stained preparation of the material “B”. Identify and make its labelled 4 marks
diagram and show it to the examiner.

4. Identify the slides (C-F) and give two important reasons for each identification. 6 marks
238 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

5. Identify and classify the specimens (G-J) up to orders. Write a short note on the habitat, 10 marks
special features, feeding habit and economic importance.

6. Identify the cell organelle through photograph and give two important reasons for 2 marks
identification.

7. Buccal smear/striated muscle fibre/paper chromatograpby. 2 marks

8. Viva voce 4 marks

9. Practical records, chart and project report of excursion to a place of zoological ( 3+1+3) = 7 marks
interest.

Books Recommended :

1. Invertebrates Vol.I-VI- L.H. Hyman, Mcgraw Hill, 1955.

2. Invertebrate Zoology – E.L. Jorden, S. Chand, 2001.
3. Modern Text Book of Zoology : Invertebrate – R.L. Kotpal, Rastogi Publications, 10th edition, 2009.
4. A Manual of Practical Zoology : Invertebrate – P.S. Verma by S. Chand, 2005.
5. Practical Zoology Invertebrate – S.S. Lal – Rastogi Publications, 2009.
6. Text Book of Zoology – Dhami & Dhami, Pardeep Publications, 1983.
7. Zoology for Degree Students – V.K. Aggarwal, S. Chand Publications, 2011.

………………..
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 239

ZOOLOGY
SEMESTER-II

Paper- III : BIODIVERSITY-II (ZOO-103)

Max. Marks : 75
Theory Exam. : 67 marks
Internal Assessment : 8 marks
Time : 3 hours

Note : Nine questions are to be set. Question No.1 is compulsory consisting of short answer type Questions
covering the whole syllabus. It will have 10 parts of 1½ marks each. Two questions are to be set from each
Unit. One question is to be attempted from each Unit. In all, Five questions are to be attempted including
compulsory one. 50% of the questions are to be split up into 2-4 sub-parts.

UNIT -I

Detailed study of the following animal types :

Arthopoda : Periplaneta
Social organizations in insects (honey bee and termite).

Classification upto orders with brief ecological note and economic importance (if any) of the following:

Arthopoda : Apis, Lepisma (Silver Fish), Schistocerca (Locust), Poecilocerus, (Ak, Grasshopper)
Gryllus (Cricket), Mantis (Preying Mantis) Cicada, Forficula (Earwig) Cimex,
Scarabaeus (Dung beetle), Agrian (Dragon fly), Odontotermes (Termite queen), Cimex
(bed bug), Cicindela (Tiger beetle), Polistes (Wasp), Bombyx (Silk moth).

UNIT –II

Detailed study of the following animal types :

Arthopoda : Prawn (Palaemon)

Life cycle of Anopheles and Culex.

Classification upto orders with brief ecological note and economic importance (if any) of the following:

Peripatus, Prawn, Lobster, Cancer,(Crab) Sacculina,Eupagurus (Hermit crab), Lepas, Balanus, Julus
(Millipede), Scolopendra (Centipede) Palamnaeus (Scorpion) Aranea (Spider) and Limulus (King crab).
240 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

UNIT -III

Detailed study of the following animal type :

Mollusca : Pila

Classification up to orders with ecological notes and economic importance (if any )
Mollusca : Chiton, Anodonta, Mytilus, Ostrea, Cardium, Pholas, Solen (Razor Fish), Pecten,
Haliotis, Patella, Aplysia, Doris, Limax, Loligo, Sepia, Octopus, Nautilus and
Dentalium

UNIT -IV

Detailed study of the following animal types :

Echinodermata : Asterias, Echinoderm larvae.

Hemichordata : Balanoglossus, External characters and affinities.

Classification up to orders with ecological notes and economic importance (if any )
Echinodermata : Echinus, Cucumaria, Ophiothrix, Antedon and Asterias.
Hemichordata : Balanoglossus.

Books Recommended:

1. Invertebrates Vol.I-VI- L.H. Hyman, Mcgraw Hill, 1955.

2. Invertebrate Zoology – E.L. Jorden, S. Chand, 2001.
3. Modern Text Book of Zoology : Invertebrate – R.L. Kotpal, Rastogi Publications, 10th edition, 2009.
4. A Manual of Practical Zoology : Invertebrate – P.S. Verma by S. Chand, 2005.
5. Practical Zoology Invertebrate – S.S. Lal – Rastogi Publications, 2009.
6. Text Book of Zoology – Dhami & Dhami, Pardeep Publications, 1983.
7. Zoology for Degree Students – V.K. Aggarwal, S. Chand Publications, 2011.

Paper-IV ECOLOGY (ZOO-104)

Max. Marks : 75
Theory Exam. : 67 marks
Internal Assessment : 8 marks
Time : 3 hours

Note : Nine questions are to be set. Question No.1 is compulsory consisting of short answer type questions
covering the whole syllabus. It will have 10 parts of 1½ marks each. Two questions are to be set from each
Unit. One question is to be attempted from each Unit. In all, Five questions are to be attempted including
compulsory one. 50% of the questions are to be split up into 2-4 sub-parts.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 241

UNIT – I

Ecology : Subdivisions and Scope of ecology.

Ecosystem : Components, ecological energetics, food web, introduction to major

ecosystems of the world.

Ecological factors : Temperature, light and soil as ecological factors.

UNIT – II

Nutrients : Biogeochemical cycles & concept of limiting factors.

Ecological : Morphological, physiological and behavioural adaptations

Adaptations in animals in different habitats.

Population : Characteristics and regulation of population.

UNIT – III

Inter and intra : Competition, predation, parasitism, commensalism, ammensalism

ecological relationships & mutualism

Biotic community : Characteristics, ecological succession, ecological niche.

UNIT – IV

Natural resources : Renewable and nonrenewable natural resources and their conservations.

Environmental : Causes, impact and control of environmental pollution.

Degradation (Air, Water, Land, Noise)

Wildlife conservation : Basic concepts

PRACTICALS : Practical based on Theory Papers ZOO-103 & ZOO-104 (ZOO 152)

4. Classification upto orders with ecological notes and economic importance, if any, of the following
animals :
Arthropoda : Peripatus, Palaemon, Lobster, Cancer (Crab), Sacculina, Eupagurus
(Hermit crab),Lepas, Balanus, Apis, Lepisma (Silver Fish), Schistocerca
(Locust), Poecilocerus, (Ak Grasshopper), Gryllus (Cricket), Mantis
(Praying Mantis) Cicada, Forficula (Earwig) Scarabaeus (Dung beetle),
Agrian (Dragon fly), Odontotermes (Termite queen), Cimex (bed bug),
Cicindela (Tiger beetle), Polistes (Wasp), Bombyx (Silk moth), Julus
(Millipede), Scolopendra (Centipede), Palamnaeus (Scorpion), Aranea
(Spider) and Limulus (King crab).
242 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Mollusca : Anodonta, Mytilus, Ostrea, Cardium,Pholas, Solen (Razorfish) Pecten,

Haliotis, Patella, Aplysia, Doris, Limax, Loligo, Sepia, Octopus, Nautilus
shell (Complete and T.S.), Chiton and Dentalium.

Echinodermata : Asterias, Echinus, Ophiothrix and Antedon Cucumaria

Hemichordata : Balanoglossus.

2. Study of the following permanent stained preparations :

Trachea, mouth parts of Periplaneta
Radula and osphradium of Pila.
T.S. Star fish (Arm).
3. Preparation of the following slides:
Temporary preparation of mouth parts of Periplaneta (cockroach), radula of Pila & appendages of
Prawn.

4. Dissection of the following animals :

Periplaneta : Digestive and nervous systems; mouth parts and trachea.
Pila : Pallial complex, digestive and nervous systems.

5. Study of animal adaptations with the help of specimens, charts and models.
6. Study of Zoogeographical regions and their fauna.
7. Study of biotic components of an ecosystem.
8. Study of different types of nests in birds.
9. Study & preparation of zoogeographical charts/maps.

Note: 1. Candidates will be required to submit their original note books containing record of their laboratory
work (Drawing etc.) initialed and dated by their teachers at the time of practical examination.
2. Students must be taken out for excursion to the Zoological gardens and surrounding area to study
habitat and ecology of the animals.

Guidelines for the conduct of Practical Examination

Max. Marks : 50
Practical Exam. : 45 marks
Internal Assessment : 5 marks
Time : 3 hours

1. Dissect the animal provided so as to expose its system. Draw its labelled sketch and 8 marks
demonstrate it to the examiner.
2. Make a temporary mount of the material “A”. Identify and draw its labelled sketch and 4 marks
show it to the examiner.
3. Identify the slides (B-E) and give two important reasons for each identification. 6 marks

4. Identify and classify the specimens (F-I) up to orders. Write a short note on the habitat, 12 marks
special features, feeding habit and economic importance.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 243

5. Identify the type of adaptation/type of nest/biotic components with a short note. 2 marks
6. Mark Zoogeographical region on the given map along with endemic fauna and climate. 2 marks
7. Viva voce 4 marks
8. Practical record, charts/maps and project report of excursion to a place of ( 3+1+3) = 7 marks
zoological interest

Books Recommended :

1. Fundamentals of Ecology – E.P. Odum, Akash Publications, Indian Reprint, 2008.

2. Concepts of Ecology – E.J. Kormondy, Prentice – Hall of India, 1999.

3. Zoogeography – P.J. Darlington, John Willy & Sons Inc., 1957.

4. Ecology & Environment – P.D. Sharma by Rastogi Publications, 2007.

5. Adaptation – Bruce Wallace & Adrian, Prentice – Hall, 1961.

6. Introduction to Animal Ecology & Environmental Biology – H.R. Singh, Vishal Publications, 2001.

---------------------
 244 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

BIOCHEMISTRY

Note : 1. A student who has passed the +2 examination under 10+2+3 system of education of a
recognized University/Board/Council or any other examination recognized by the Panjab
University as equivalent thereto shall be eligible to offer the subject of Biochemistry at the
B.Sc. level, if he/she has passed the +2 examination with Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics/
Biology as his/her subjects.
2. Only such colleges as have all necessary infrastructure of equipment and staff shall admit
students to the subject of Biochemistry. The infrastructure must be approved by the
University as per usual practice.

Semester-I
Scheme of Examination Duration Marks+Internal
Assessment

Theory Paper- A : Carbohydrates and Lipids 3 hrs. 45 +5

Theory Paper-B : Nitrogen containing Biomolecules 3 hrs. 45 +5

One Practical examination pertaining to the entire syllabus 3 hrs. 22 +3

included in Theory Papers A & B.
Total marks : 125

Semester-II

Scheme of Examination Duration Marks+Internal

Assessment

Theory Paper- A : Biochemical Techniques 3 hrs. 45 +5

Theory Paper-B : Bioenergetics and Enzymes 3 hrs. 45 +5

One Practical examination pertaining to the entire syllabus 3 hrs. 22 +3

included in Theory Papers A & B.
Total marks : 125
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 245

BIOCHEMISTRY
SEMESTER - I
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER AND STUDENTS :
1. Total No. of questions will be nine. Q. No. 1 will be of 15 marks while other questions will be of 13
marks each.
2. Q. No. 1 will be compulsory. It will consist of 10 short questions covering the entire syllabus.
3. Besides question No. 1, there will be 4 sections of 2 questions each.
4. All other questions may contain 2-3 parts.
5. Questions should be uniformly spread over entire syllabus.
6. Students will be required to attempt 5 questions in all including Q. No.1 and at least one question
from each of the 4 sections.

Paper- A : CARBOHYDRATES AND LIPIDS Marks: 50

(Three periods per week)

Objectives : To learn about Biomolecules, their structures and functional significance.

SECTION-I (Lectures: 6)

Introduction to Biochemistry and its scope. Water: Physical properties, as a biological solvent and structure of
water, Dissociation of water. pH and pOH, Buffer solution. Henderson Hasselbalch equation, Acid-base
indicators, Buffers and physiologically important buffers, dialysis and osmosis.

SECTION-II (Lectures: 8)

Definition and classification of carbohydrates. Fischer and Haworth structures of carbohydrates.

Stereoisomerism, and mutarotation. Anomeric forms of monosaccharides. Derivatives of monosaccharides
(glycosides, deoxysugars, amino sugars and other derivatives of biological importance). Oligosaccharides of
biological importance (structure of maltose, lactose, sucrose, cellobiose, trehalose, raffinose). Characteristic
reactions of monosaccharides: Reactions with hydrazine, hydrogen cyanide, hydroxylamine; reduction and
oxidation of sugars; periodic acid oxidation; action of alkali upon sugars; acylation and methylation of sugars.
Homo-and hetero-polysaccharides (structures of amylose, amylopectin, starch, inulin, pectins, dextrins,
glycogen, cellulose, chitin). GAGs as components of connective tissue. Polysaccharides of bacterial cell well,
Glycoproteins
SECTION-III (Lectrure: 8)

Definition and classification of fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated). Essential fatty acids. Important
reactions of functional groups present in fatty acids. Characteristics of fatty acids and fats (saponification,
iodine, acid, acetyl and peroxide values). Refractive index, m. p., b.p. and their relation to molecular size.
Properties of glycerol. Fats as source of energy. Waxes. Structures, characteristics and functions of
lipids: Triacylglycerols, phospholipids: lecithins (Phosphotidyl Cholines), lysolecithins, cephalins
(Phosphotidylethanolamines), Phosphatidylserines, Phosphatidyl inositol, sphingomyelins, plasmalogens),
cerebrosides, gangliosides, sulfatides.
 246 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

SECTION-IV ( Lectures: 6)

Lipoproteins– Composition, classification and biological functions. Liposomes.

Terpenes and Steroids – Terpenes of biological significance e.g. carotenes, phytol. Cholesterol and other animal
sterols. Colour reactions of sterols. Sterols of yeast and fungi (Mycosterols). Phytosterols. Steroidal
hormones. Bile acids.
Structure and properties of Eicosanoids-Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, Thromboxanes, Prostacyclins

Suggested Books:

1. Nelson D.L.Cox M M : Biochemistry, Worth Publishers Inc., New York. (4th Edition, 2005)

2. Conn E.E&Stumpf. P.K. : Outlines of Biochemistry, John Wiley & Sons, U.S.A.

3. G.Zubay : Biochemistry, Maxwell Macmillan Pub. Com., New York.

(4th Edition, 1998).

4. Robert K. Murrary P.A. : Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, Prentice Hall Int., London
D.K. Granner and V.W. (27th Edition, 2006).
Rodwell

PRACTICALS: Marks: 25
One practical of 3 hours per week

1. Qualitative tests for Carbohydrates.

2. Estimation of Carbohydrate by anthrone method.
3. Estimation of ascorbic acid by dye method.
4. Verification of Beer-Lambert Law for nitrophenol or cobalt chloride.
5. Qualitative tests for Cholesterol and lipids
6. Determination of saponification value of fats
7. Determination of iodine value of fats.
8. Estimation of phospholipids by vanillin method.

Paper-B : NITROGEN CONTAINING BIOMOLECULES Marks: 50

SECTION–I (Lectures:7)

Amino Acids: Common structural features. Stereoisomerism and RS system of designating optical
isomers. Classification based on the nature of “R” groups. Amino acids present in proteins and non-
protein amino acids. Specialized role of amino acids. Physical and Chemical properties of amino
acids. Titration of amino acids.Peptide Bonds: Rigid and planar nature of a peptide bond. Folding of
peptide chains into regular repeating structures (α helix, β pleated sheets). βturn in polypeptides.
Chemical synthesis of polypeptides. Biologically active peptides.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 247

SECTION–II (Lectures: 8)

Proteins: Levels of protein structure. Determination of primary structure of proteins. Forces

stabilizing structure and shape of proteins. Native proteins and their conformations. Behaviour of
proteins in solutions. Salting in & salting out of proteins. Denaturation of proteins. Structural and
functional diversity of proteins, fibrous proteins (keratins, collagen & elastin), globular proteins
(hemoglobin, myoglobin) and conjugated proteins.

SECTION-III (Lectures: 8)

Nucleic Acids: Structure and properties of purine and pyrimidine bases. Nucleosides and nucleotides.
Biologically important nucleotides. Double helical model of DNA and forces responsible for it.
Different forms of DNA (A,B and Z type), Denaturation of DNA. Physical and chemical properties of
nucleic acids. Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of nucleic acids. Sequencing of polynucleotides.
Types of RNA and ribozyme.

SECTION-IV (Lectures: 6)

Porphyrins:Porphyrin nucleus and classification of porphyrins. Heme and other metalloporphyrins

occurring in nature. Detection of Porphyrinsspectrophotometrically and by fluorescence. Chemical
nature and physiological significance of bile pigments.

Suggested Books:

1. Nelson D.L.Cox M M : Biochemistry, Worth Publishers Inc., New York.(4thEdition, 2005)

2. Conn E.E&Stumpf. P.K. : Outlines of Biochemistry, John Wiley & Sons, U.S.A.

3. G.Zubay : Biochemistry, Maxwell Macmillan Pub. Com., New York. (4th Edition,
1998).

4. Robert K. Murrary P.A. : Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, Prentice Hall Int., London
D.K. Granner and V.W. (27th Edition, 2006).
Rodwell

PRACTICALS: Marks: 25
One practical of 3 hours per week
1. Qualitative tests for Amino acids and proteins
2. Titration curve for amino acids and determination of pKa value.
3. Estimation of:
(a) Amino acids by ninhydrin method.
(b) Protein by biuret and Lowery method
(c) DNA by diphenylamine method
(d) RNA by orcinol method
4. Spectrophotometic measurements of DNA and RNA solutions
 248 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

BIOCHEMISTRY

SEMESTER-II

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER SETTER AND STUDENTS :

1. Total No. of questions will be nine. Q. No. 1 will be of 15 marks while other questions will be of 13
marks each.
2. Q. No. 1 will be compulsory. It will consist of 10 short questions covering the entire syllabus.
3. Besides question No. 1, there will be 4 sections of 2 questions each.
4. All other questions may contain 2-3 parts.
5. Questions should be uniformly spread over entire syllabus.
6. Students will be required to attempt 5 questions in all including Q. No.1 and at least one question
from each of the 4 sections.

Paper- A : BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES Marks: 50

Credit: 3+0+0
Objective: To learn various biochemical techniques

Section-I (Lectures: 7)

Beer-Lambert’s Law. Light absorption and its transmittance. Determination and application of extinction
coefficient. Applications of following spectroscopic techniques in elucidating structure of Biomolecules-
Visible, U.V., infra-red and fluorescence spectroscopy

Section-II (Lectures: 8)

Chromatography: General principles, distribution coefficient, Partition chromatography-normal phase and

reverse phase liquid chromatography. Modes of chromatography-column, thin layer and paper chromatography.
Principles, matrices and applications of gel permeation, adsorption, ion exchange and affinity chromatography.
TLC, GLC, HPLC.
Section-III (Lectures: 7)

Various centrifugation techniques and their applications in Biochemistry. Preparative and analytical ultra-
centrifugation procedures. Application of partial specific volume, diffusion coefficient and viscosity
measurements in the study of macromolecules of biochemical importance

Section-IV (Lectures: 8)

Electrophoresis: General principle, support media, types of electrophoresis.

Electrophoresis of proteins: Native and SDS-PAGE. Iso electric focusing, 2D-PAGE, detection and recovery
of proteins. Molecular weight determination. Immuno electrophoresis. Electrophoresis of nucleic acid:
Agarose-gel electrophoresis of DNA and RNA, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, northern and southern transfer
procedure.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 249

SUGGESTED BOOKS :

1. Biochemical Techniques: Theory and practice by Robyt, J.F. and White, B.J, 1987, Brooke/Cole
Publishing Company, California.
2. Principles and techniques of Biochemistry & Molecular biology by K Wilson & J Walker 6th
Ed.Cambridge University Press
3. Fundamentals of analytical chemistry by skoog /west/Holter/Crouch Thompson/Brooks/Cole

Paper-B: ENZYMES AND BIOENERGETICS Marks: 50

Objective : To learn principles of thermodynamics & nature of enzymes, their mode of action and Enzyme
Kinetics

SECTION-I (Lecture: 7)

Introduction to enzymes. General characteristics of enzymes. IUB system of nomenclature and classification of
enzymes. Prosthetic group. Holoenzyme, apoenzyme, cofactors, isozymes and zymogens, Coenzymes
(NAD/NADP,FMN/FAD, coenzyme A,TPP, pyridoxal phosphate, tetrahydrofolate) and their biochemical
functions, Assay of enzyme activity, units of enzyme activity. Active site(s) of enzymes.

SECTION-II (Lectures: 8)

Enzymes as catalysts. Theories of enzymes catalysis: Proximity and orientation effects, acid base catalysis,
covalent catalysis. Role of metals in enzyme catalysis
Monomeric enzymes, oligomeric enzymes &multienzyme complexes. Mechanism of action of chymotrypsin
and pyruvate dehydrogenase

SECTION-III (Lectures: 8)

Factors affecting velocity of enzyme catalysed reactions: Enzyme concentration, pH and temperature.
Michaelis-Menten equation. Determination of Km and its significance.
Enzyme inhibition. Various types of enzyme inhibitions. Determination of Ki value. Enzyme inhibitors and
their importance. Introduction to multisubstrate enzymes. Allosteric enzymes and enzyme regulation.
Isoenzymes and their clinical significance.
 250 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

SECTION-IV (Lectures: 8)

Concepts of bioenergetics, principles of thermodynamics & their application in Biochemistry, concept of free
energy. Biological oxidations. Redox potential. ATP and High energy phosphate compounds: introduction,
phosphate group transfer potential Enzymes and co-enzymes involved in oxidations and reductions.
Mitochondrial electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Substrate level phosphorylation,
Mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation.

Books Recommended:

1. J.R. Whitaker : Principles of Enzymology for the Food Sciences, Marcel Dekker, Inc.,
New York.
2. J.E. Bell and E.T. Bell : Protein and Enzymes, Prentice Hall Inc, New Jersey.
3. Berg J. M, LubertStryer : Bio-chemistry, W.F. Freeman and Co., New York, Edition 5th, 2002.
4. Nelson D.L & Cox M. M. : Principles of Bio-chemistry, Worth Publishers, Inc., New York, edition
4th 2005.
5. Conn E.E &Stumpf P.K. : Outlines of Bio-chemistry, Bruening & Doi John Wiley & Sons.
6. T. Palmer : Enzymes, 2004.

PRACTICALS: Marks: 25
One practical of 3 hours per week

I. Preparation of casein from milk

II. Determination of achromatic point of saliva

III. (a) Assay of serum alkaline phosphatase activity.

(b) Effect of pH on enzyme activity.
(c) Effect of temperature on enzyme activity and determination of energy of activation.
(d) Effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity and determination of Km.

IV. Inhibition of alkaline phosphatase by EDTA.

V. Demonstration of potato polyphenoloxidase activity.

Books Suggested:

1. Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. Biochemistry. 6th Edition, W. H. Freeman and Co., 2007.

2. Jain MK. Introduction to Biological membranes, John Wiley and sons New York, 1988

3. Vance DE & Vance JE, Biochemistry of lipids and Biomembranes, Benzamin Cummings 1985
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 251

4. Jones MN & Chapman D. Micelles monolayers and biomembranes Wiley-Lis New York, 1995

5. Lodish H. Molecular Cell biology of cell, WH Freeman, 2004.

---------------------------
 252 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE

(Additional Optional Subject)

Note : The students with no background of Computer knowledge will opt for Module I while those
familiar with the use of Computer system at the operating system level and application level,
may opt either Module II or Module III.

SEMESTER –I

Paper IA : FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Max. Marks : 50
Theory : Ext. 25+ Int. 5 = 30
Practical : Ext. 20 --- = 20
Course Duration : 60 hours (for both Theory and Practical)
Pre-requisite : None

Objectives of the Module : The objective of the module is to familiarize the students with developments
in Information Technology and use of computer systems at operating system level and application level.

Note :

i. The Question Paper will consist of Four Sections.

ii. Examiner will set total of NINE questions comprising TWO questions from each Section and ONE
compulsory question of short answer type covering whole syllabi.
iii. The students are required to attempt ONE question from each Section and the Compulsory question.
iv. All questions carry equal marks unless specified.

SECTION – A

1. Computer Fundamentals: Introduction, Characteristics of Computer; Block diagram of a computer,

History of Computers; Classification of computers on size, architecture and chronology; Applications of
computers; Hardware, Software, Firmware. Computer Architecture and Organization; Input, Process
and Output; BIT, BYTE, Memory, Memory size; Units of measurement of storage.

2. Number System: Binary, Octal, Decimal and hexadecimal number systems and their conversion,
ASCII, BCD, GREY CODES and EBCDIC codes, Integer and floating point representation.
(15 hours)
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 253

SECTION - B

3. Input, Output and Memory: Various input devices such as keyboard, mouse, joystick, light pen,
digitizer; output devices such as monitor (CGA, EGA, VGA and SVGA), Printers, Plotters.
Primary and secondary memory: RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, Cache, extended and expanded
memory.
Removable and non-removable secondary memory: tapes, disks, CDROM, DVD, comparison of these
devices based on technology and speed.
Organization of data on disks: Tracks, sectors, cylinders, heads, access time, seek time and latency time.

SECTION – C
4. Software and Languages: Introduction, Types of System Software and Application Software
Operating System: Definition, Types of Operating System, Functions of Operating System. Dos
Operating System: Features of DOS, Booting: definition, Booting process, Warm and Cold reboot;
Concept of File and directory, Types of DOS commands; Internal and External. Internal Commands:
File and Directory, System , Date and Time Commands; External Commands: Disk, Backup and
Restore Commands, Introduction to CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files.
Languages: Introduction, Programming Languages: Generation of Languages, Types of Languages:
machine, assembly and high level languages, compilers, Interpreters, assemblers, loaders, linkers and
their comparison. (15 hours)
SECTION – D

5. Computers and Communication: Single-user, multi-user, and client-server systems; distributed and
Parallel processing systems; Hardware & Software components of computer networks, Network
topologies and Protocols for LAN & WAN.

6. Internet and WWW: Evolution of Internet, Various Internet services (WWW, e-mail, telnet, ftp, IRC,
news) and their uses, Access Methods, Browsers, Future of Internet, Evolution of www, Fundamentals
of www. (15 hours)
References :

1. Basandra, S.K. : Computers Todays, Galgotia Publications.

2. Sanders : Computers Todays.
3. Sinha, P.K. : Computer Fundamentals
4. Rajaraman, V. : Fundamentals of Computers.
5. Texali, R.K. : PC Software made simple, Tata McGraw Hill.
6. Dysen, Peter : Understanding PC Tools.
7. Dysen, Peter : Understanding Norton Utilities.
8. Mansfield, Ron : MS Office BPB Publications
9. Curtin : Information Technology
10. Balaguruswamy, E. : Computer Science Theory and Applications
and B. Sushil
11. Mansfield, Ron : Compact Guide to Windows, Word and Excel,
BPB Publishers
Paper PIA: Practical Based on Paper IA
 254 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE

SEMESTER –II

Paper IB : OFFICE MANAGEMENT TOOLS

Max. Marks : 50
Theory : Ext. 25+ Int. 5 = 30
Practical : Ext. 20 --- = 20
Course Duration : 60 hours (for both Theory and Practical)
Pre-requisite : Knowledge of Fundamentals

Objectives of the Module: The objective of the module is to familiarize the students with developments in
Information Technology and use of computer systems at Operating system level and application level.

Note :
i. The Question Paper will consist of Four Sections.
ii. Examiner will set total of NINE questions comprising TWO questions from each Section and
ONE compulsory question of short answer type covering whole syllabi.
iii. The students are required to attempt ONE question from each Section and the Compulsory
question.
iv. All questions carry equal marks unless specified

SECTION - A

1. Operating Systems - Windows and Unix.

Fundamentals of windows, anatomy of windows, Operations on window: Opening, Minimizing,

Maximizing, Moving, Resizing, Closing; Windows Explorer, Folders: Creating, deleting, copying,
renaming folders, folder properties; Icons, Menu, Taskbar, Control panel, Recycle bin.
Overview of UNIX structure, general purpose UNIX commands such as date, echo, cal, bc, pwd,
passwd; file and directory commands such as ls, mkdir, cp, mv, rm. process management commands
such as ps, kill, nohup, communication commands such as news, mesg, wall; working with editor
introduction to shell programming.
(15 hours)
SECTION - B

2. Word Processing Package: Basics of Word Processing; Word Processing Basics; Text creation,
Manipulation, Finding and replacing, Formatting of text; Printing of word document, Page Layout:
Margin setting, Alignments, Adding Borders and shading, Adding Headers and Footers, Setting up
Multiple columns, Working with tables, Spell check, Auto Correct, Grammar facility, Retrieving often
used text; Auto text character formatting, language setting and thesaurus; Macros; Mail merge.

(15 hours)
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 255

SECTION - C

3. Spreadsheet Package : Worksheet Basics, Data Entry in Cells : Entry of numbers, text and formulae,
Moving data in a worksheet, Moving around in a worksheet, Selecting Data Range.
Using the interface (Toolbars, Menus), Editing Basics, Working with workbooks, Cell referencing:
Absolute, Relative and Mixed; Formatting and Calculations :using Autofill, Working with Formulae,
Efficient Data Display with Data formatting (number formatting, date formatting etc.), Function:
different types of functions and their usage Worksheet Printing.

Working with Graphs and Charts: Creating Chart and graphs, using chart wizard, sizing and moving
parts, updating charts, Changing chart types, Formatting Charts.
Database Management; Finding records with Data form, Adding/Deleting Records, Filtering Records in
a worksheet, Sorting;
Macros: Creating Macros, Record Macros, Running Macros, Assigning Macros to Buttons.
(15 hours)

SECTION - D

4. Presentation Packages: Basics, General Features, Creating a presentation, Different types of slide
views, Master Slides and its use, Formatting Slides: slide design, Layout and background; Animation
effect, Transition effect, timing effects, Macros.

5. Database Package: Introduction to Database, Tables, Data Types, Attributes, Records; Overview of
MS-ACCESS, Creating Database, Creating Tables, Data types, Importing and Exporting data, using
Wizards, Creating forms and queries. (15 hours)

References :

1. Sinha, P.K. : Computer Fundamentals

2. Rajaraman, V. : Fundamentals of Computers.
3. Mathur Rajiv : DOS 6.2 Quick Reference, Galgotia.
4. Texali, R.K. : PC Software made simple, Tata McGraw Hill.
5. Dysen, Peter : Understanding PC Tools.
6. Mansfield, Ron : MS Office BPB Publications
7. Mansfield, Ron : Compact Guide to Windows, Word and Excel,
BPB Publishers

Paper PIB: Practical Based on Paper IB

………………………
 256 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

MICROBIOLOGY

B.Sc. (GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM ) EXAMINATION, 2014-15

Note : 1. A student who has passed the + 2 examination under 10+2+3 system of education of a
recognized University/Board/Council or any other examination recognized by the Panjab
University as equivalent thereto shall be eligible to offer the subject of Microbiology at
the B.Sc. level, if he/she has passed the +2 examination with Physics, Chemistry,
Mathematics, Biology as his/her subjects.

2. Only such colleges which have all necessary infrastructure or equipment and staff shall
admit students to the subject of Microbiology. The infrastructure must be approved by the
University as per usual practice.

Semester-I
Scheme of Examination Duration Marks
Theory 6 hrs. 75 (33+33+9*)
MIC 101 : Fundamentals of Microbiology-I 3 hrs. 37.5 (33 +4.5*)

MIC 102 : Microbial Physiology—Metabolism-I 3 hrs. 37.5 (33 +4.5*)

Practical
One Practical pertaining to the entire syllabus included in Theory 6 hrs. 25 (20+5*)
Papers MIC 101 and MIC 102

Semester-II

Theory 6 hrs. 75 (33+33+9*)

MIC 201 : Fundamentals of Microbiology-II 3 hrs. 37.5 (33 +4.5*)

MIC 202 : Microbial Physiology—Metabolism-II 3 hrs. 37.5 (33 +4.5*)

Practical
One Practical pertaining to the entire syllabus included in Theory 6 hrs. 25 (20+5*)
Papers MIC 201 and MIC 202

TOTAL MARKS : 200

Note : * Denotes marks for the Internal Assessment.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 257

MICROBIOLOGY
SEMESTER-I

OUTLINES OF TESTS AND SYLLABI

MIC 101 : FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY-I

Note : The question paper will consist of four sections (A-D). There will be nine questions, out of which
five questions have to be attempted. Question I will span the complete syllabus and will be
compulsory. Rest of the eight questions will be from different sections of the syllabus. There will
be four questions from each of the two sections and two is to be attempted from each
section. Each question should be sub-divided into 2-4 sub parts.

Objectives :
To provide basic knowledge about the fundamental concepts of Microbiology including history of
Microbiology, Microscopic examination of microbes and providing information in frontier areas of genetic
engineering, environmental science and agriculture.

SECTION-A

1. History, development, scope and applications of Microbiology.

2. Methods of Microbiology isolation of pure cultures, theory and practice of sterilization.
3. Nature of Microbial World : Prokaryotes and eukaryotes, growth pattern in microbes.

SECTION-B

1. Morphology & fine structure of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and algae.

[

2. Organization of cell wall, cell membrane, flagella and capsules in bacteria.

3. Morphogenesis in bacteria, formation of spores and cysts.

SECTION-C

1. Recombinant DNA technology, genetic engineering and gene cloning in micro-organisms.

2. Strategies of genetic engineering. Restriction enzymes, vectors and plasmids.

SECTION-D

1. Microorganism Association with Vascular Plants : Rhizosphere and Rhizoplane microorganisms and
Mycorrhizae.
2. Nitrogen fixation : Symbiotic and nonsymbiotic and biofertilizers.
3. Biopesticides.
 258 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Recommended Books :

1. Fox, S.W., Dose, K. (1994), Molecular Evolution and the Origin of Life, University of Chicago Press.
2. Stanier, R.Y., Doudoroff, M., Adelberg, E.A. (1999), General Microbiology, Mc Millan Press, London.
3. Pelczar, M.J., Sun Chan E.C., Krieg, N.R. (1986), Microbiology, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publication, New
Delhi.
4. Davis, (1996), Fundamental of Microbiology.
[
5. Reard, (1995), Introduction of Microbiology.
6. Robert, L. (1995), Soil Microbiology, John Wiley and Sons.
7. Alexander, M. (2003), Soil Microbiology, Wiley, 2003.
8. Waksman, S.A. (2003), Introduction to Soil Microbiology, John Wiley, 2003.
[

9. Prescott, Harley, and Klein’s Microbiology by Joanne M. Willey, Linda M. Sherwood and Christopher J.
Woolverton, Mc Graw Hill (2008).

MIC 102 : MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY—METABOLISM-I

Note : The question paper will consist of four sections (A-D). There will be nine questions, out of which five
questions have to be attempted. Question I will span the complete syllabus and will be compulsory.
Rest of the eight questions will be from different sections of the syllabus. There will be four questions
from each of the two sections and two is to be attempted from each section. Each question should be
sub-divided into 2-4 sub parts.

Objectives :
The paper provides basic information on complex integrated network of biochemical reactions that make up
the metabolism of the micro-organisms including nutrition, growth, and enzymes.

SECTION-A

1. Microbial Nutrition : Requirements for Growth. Physical requirement (temperature, pH, osmotic
pressure), chemical requirements (C, N, S, P, O).
2. Culture Media : Chemically defined media, complex media, anaerobic growth media, selective &
differential media, and enrichment culture. Cultivation of Aerobes and Anaerobes.

SECTION-B
1. Enzymes : Chemical and physical properties of enzymes.
2. Classification and nomenclature of Enzymes.
3. Factors affecting enzyme activity.

SECTION-C
Microbial Metabolism :
1. Respiration and fermentation.
2. Glycolysis.
3. Pentose Phosphate pathway
4. The Entner Doudoroff pathway.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 259

5. Tricarboxylic acid cycle.

6. Glyoxylate cycle.
SECTION-D
Bacterial Genetics:

1. Conjugation.
2. Transformation.
3. Transduction (generalized transduction, specialized transduction).
4. The Regulation of Gene Expression : Lac operation, tryptophan operon. Recommended

Recommended Books :

1. Stanier R.Y., Doudoroff M., Adelberg, E.A. (1999), General Microbiology, McMillan Press,
London.
2. Pelczar, M.J., Sun Chan, E.C., Krieg, N.R. (1986), Microbiology, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publication, New
Delhi.
3. Tortora, G.J., Funke, B.R., Case, C.L. (2009), Microbiology : An Introduction,
Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company inc.
4. Postgate, J.R. (2000), Microbes and Man, Cambridge University Press.
5. Dubey, R.C., Maheshwari, D.K., (2005), A Text Book of Microbiology, S. Chand and Company.

PRACTICALS

1. Preparation of culture media, spread plates, pour plates, selective media, differential media.
2. Separation of pure cultures and study the effect of selective nutrients on prokaryotes.
3. Isolation of Soil Bacteria, Soil Fungi, Soil Actinomycets.
4. Selective media for Soil microflora and use of growth factors, Study of Rhizosphere interactions,
Quantitative measurements of Soil nutrients and Rhizosphere microflora and preparation of starter
cultures of Rhizobia, Azotobacter.
5. Measurement of Soil Enzymes.
6. Use of ultraviolet light for its germicidal effect.
7. The replica plating technique.
8. Effect of temperature, Osmotic pressure, energy source etc. on growth of prokaryotes.
 260 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

MICROBIOLOGY

SEMESTER-II

MIC 201 : FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROBIOLOGY-II

Note : The question paper will consist of four sections (A-D). There will be nine questions, out of which
five questions have to be attempted. Question I will span the complete syllabus and will be
compulsory. Rest of the eight questions will be from different sections of the syllabus. There will
be four questions from each of the two sections and two is to be attempted from each
section. Each question should be sub-divided into 2-4 sub parts.

Objectives :
To provide basic knowledge about the fundamental concepts of Microbiology including history of
Microbiology, Microscopic examination of microbes and providing information in frontier areas of genetic
engineering, environmental science and agriculture.

SECTION-A

1. Microscopic examination of micro-organism, bright field microscopy, dark field microscopy, phase
Contrast microscopy, electron microscopy.
2. Staining of microbes, theory of Gram staining.

SECTION-B

1. Animal Viruses : Morphology, cultivation and viral disease cycle.

2. Bacteriophages : Morphology, multiplication, detection and enumeration.
3. Biotransformation of
(a) D-Sorbitol to L-Sorbose. (b) Antibiotics. (c) Steroids.

SECTION-C

Genetic engineering for human welfare :

1. Production of pharmaceuticals.
2. Insect pest control.
3. Use of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms (GEMs) for control of pollution.

SECTION-D

1. Biogeochemical Cycling—Carbon cycle, Nitrogen cycle, Phosphorus and Sulphur cycle with role of
microorganisms.

2. Sewage (waste-water) treatment, chemical characteristics, microbiological characteristics, waste water

treatment processes.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 261

Recommended Books :

1. Fox, S.W., Dose, K. (1994), Molecular Evolution and the Origin of Life, University of Chicago Press.
2. Stanier, R.Y., Doudoroff, M., Adelberg, E.A. (1999), General Microbiology, Mc Millan Press, London.
3. Pelczar, M.J., Sun Chan E.C., Krieg, N.R. (1986), Microbiology, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publication, New
Delhi.
4. Davis, (1996), Fundamental of Microbiology.
5. Reard, (1995), Introduction of Microbiology.
6. Robert, L. (1995), Soil Microbiology, John Wiley and Sons.
7. Alexander, M. (2003), Soil Microbiology, Wiley, 2003.
8. Waksman, S.A. (2003), Introduction to Soil Microbiology, John Wiley, 2003.
9. Prescott, Harley, and Klein’s Microbiology by Joanne M. Willey, Linda M. Sherwood and Christopher J.
Woolverton, Mc Graw Hill (2008).

MIC 202 : MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY—METABOLISM-II

Note : The question paper will consist of four sections (A-D). There will be nine questions, out of which five
questions have to be attempted. Question I will span the complete syllabus and will be compulsory.
Rest of the eight questions will be from different sections of the syllabus. There will be two questions
from each of the two sections and two is to be attempted from each section. Each question should be
sub-divided into 2-4 sub parts.

Objectives :
The paper provides basic information on complex integrated network of biochemical reactions that make up
the metabolism of the micro-organisms including nutrition, growth, and enzymes

SECTION-A

1. Microbial Growth : Growth in population, bacterial growth curve, mathematical nature and
expression.
2. Factors affecting growth in microorganisms.
3. Methods for measurement of growth in microorganisms.

SECTION-B
1. Mechanisms of enzymes action.
2. Inhibition, control and regulation of enzymes activity.
3. Enzyme kinetics : Michaelis-Menten equation.

SECTION-C
Microbial Metabolism :
1. Catabolism of lipids and proteins.
2. Beta oxidation.
3. Electron transport chain.
4. Biochemical mechanisms of generation of ATP.
 262 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

SECTION-D

Microbial Utilization of Energy & Biosynthesis :

1. Transport of nutrient by bacteria.
2. Synthesis of Amino Acids : Glutamate, lysine, glutamine, serine, arginine family.
3. Structures and biosynthesis of cell wall peptidoglycan.
4. Biosynthesis of Carbohydrates (gluconeogenesis) & Phospholipids.
Replication of DNA molecules, Transcription & Translation (process of protein synthesis).

Recommended Books :

1. Stanier R.Y., Doudoroff M., Adelberg, E.A. (1999), General Microbiology, McMillan Press, London.
2. Pelczar, M.J., Sun Chan, E.C., Krieg, N.R. (1986), Microbiology, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publication, New
Delhi.
3. Tortora, G.J., Funke, B.R., Case, C.L. (2009), Microbiology : An Introduction,
Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company inc.
4. Postgate, J.R. (2000), Microbes and Man, Cambridge University Press.
5. Dubey, R.C., Maheshwari, D.K., (2005), A Text Book of Microbiology, S. Chand and Company.

PRACTICALS

1. Use of microscope in examination of unstained bacteria, fungi, algae, parasites and stained cell
preparations including simple staining, Gram’s staining, acid fast staining, capsule staining, spore
staining using prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, hanging drop preparation.

2. Presumptive, confirmed and completed tests for safety of water supplies.

3. Relation of free oxygen to microbial growth, monitoring of dissolved oxygen in various effluents.

4. Determination of COD in Industrial effluents.

5. Effects of antimetabolites on Microbial culture (Inhibition by Sulfanilamide).

6. Determination of Water Activity of various substrates and assay of surface active agents.

7. Turbidimetric/spectrophotometric monitoring of growth using liquid cultures.

8. Efficiency of photosynthesis in photoautotrophs.

………………….
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 263

ELECTRONICS
B.Sc. (ELECTRONICS) FIRST YEAR (1st and 2nd Semester) EXAMINATION, 2014-15

Note : 1. There will be two papers of theory and one Laboratory (practical) courses.

2. The number of lectures per week will be three for each theory paper.

3. The number of lectures per week will be six for practicals.

4 The time duration for each theory paper will be three hours.

5. The time duration for practical examinations will be four hours.

6. The use of Non-programmable calculators will be allowed in the examination centre but these will
not be provided by the University/College. Mobile phones and pagers are not allowed in the
examination Hall.

7. Distribution of Marks & Total Teaching Hours will be as under :

Paper A : Analog Electronics : (67 + 8*) = 75 marks Total teaching hours : 40

Paper B : Digital and Non-linear Electronics : (67 + 8*) = 75 marks Total teaching hours : 40

Practicals : : (45 + 5*) = 50 marks Total teaching hours : 125

*Internal assessment

Each paper will consist of five Units

Unit I There will be three questions from this Unit. Each question will have two parts. Two questions are
to be attempted. Each question will carry fifteen marks.

Unit II There will be three questions from this Unit. Each question will have two parts. Two questions are
to be attempted. Each question will carry fifteen marks.

Unit III Unit III will consist of one compulsory question having eight (8) short – answer type parts, out of
which five (5) parts are to be attempted. Each part will carry three marks.
 264 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

ELECTRONICS

SEMESTER-I
Paper A : ANALOG ELECTRONICS

UNIT-I

Junction Diodes :
Review of p and n type semiconductors, qualitative treatment of rectifying diodes, forward and reverse bias
characteristics, switching diodes, photo diode, LED, optical isolators. Zener diodes. Rectifiers (half and full
wave), capacitor and inductor filters.

UNIT-II
Bipolar Junction Transistor :
Basic working principle (qualitative), characteristics, basic configurations and biasing, operating point.
Loadine (a.c. and d.c.) biasing and stabilization of operating point (Qualitative).

JFET AND MOSFET :

Basic working principles (qualitative), characteristics. Pinch off voltage and biasing (qualitative).

Amplifiers :
Different terms used in amplifiers such as signal source voltage gain, current gain, power gain and Decibel,
input and output impedance, class A, B, C and AB operation. Distortion in amplifiers (non-linear, frequency
and phase).

Paper B : DIGITAL AND NON-LINEAR ELECTRONICS-I

UNIT-I
Number Systems :
Introduction to decimal, binary and hexadecimal number systems. BCD code, interconversion of decimal,
binary and hex numbers, concept of parity, error detection and correction.
Binary Arithmetic and Boolean Algebra :
Boolean Axioms, D. Morgan’s theorem – verification and applications, simplification of logic expressions
using theorems and Karnaugh Map (upto four variables), concept of signed and unsigned numbers, fixed
and floating point representation, concept of 1’s and 2’s compliment, addition and subtraction of integer
values, half and full adder, half and full subtract.

UNIT-II
Logic Gates :
Logic values and variables, positive and negative logic, different logic gates as AND, OR, NOT, NAND,
NOR, AND, XOR, definition of universal gates, symbols and truth tables, inverting and non- inverting
buffers, tristate buffers, Boolean expressions for truth tables and vice versa.
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 265

Sequential Circuits :
Flip flops (RS, JK, D, T), shift registers, ripple counters, Modulo –N counters, need for DAC (weighed
resistance type), ADC (counter ramp type).

ELECTRONICS (Practicals)
Guidelines for Electronics Practical Examination :

I The distribution of marks is as following :

(i) One full experiment requiring the student to take data, analyse it and : 20 marks
draw conclusions.
(ii) Brief Theory. : 5 marks

(iii) One exercise based on experiment : 10 marks

(to be allotted by the examiner)
(iv) Viva-Voce : 10 marks
(v) Record (Practical file) : 5 marks

II There will be one session of 3 hours duration. The paper will consist of 8 experiments, out of which an
examinee will mark 6 and one of them will be allotted by the examiner.

III Number of candidates in a group for practical examination should not exceed 12.
IV In a single group, same experiment will not be allotted to more than three examinees in any group.

List of Experiments :
1. (i) To familiarize the multimeter
(a) To measure AC/DC voltage.
(b) To measure resistance.
(c) To measure AC/DC current.
(d) To test diode, transistor (BJT.FET)
(ii) To measure capacitance of a capacitor using capacitance meter.

2. (i) To familiarize with various functional controls of CRO.

(ii) To use the CRO for the measurement of frequency, voltage and phase shift.
3. To draw forward and reverse bias characteristics for a PN junction and draw load line.
4. To observe the forms of half wave and full wave rectification using diode.
5. To draw V – I characteristics of Zener diode and to study Zener diode as a voltage regulator w.r.t. input
voltage and load resistance.
6. To draw C – B characteristics of BJT.
 266 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

7. To draw C – E characteristics of BJT.

8. To find the voltage gain at different frequencies and to find the band width and gain band width product
of CE transistor amplifiers.
9. To set up a Hartley Oscillation and calculate the capacitance using CRO.
10. To study the output of regulated power supply (using 3 pin voltage regulator), w.r.t. input voltage and
load.
11. Verification of truth table of OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR gates.
12. To implement the following arithmetic operations by using gates ICs.
(i) Half Adder (ii) Half Subtactor (iii) Full Adder (iv) Full Subtactor
13. To verify truth tables of JK. D.T. Master –Slave Flip Flop.
14. Use of 7 – segment LED’s and use of 7447 BCD to 7 – segment decoder.
15. To plot output and mutual characteristics of FET.

……………………..
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 267

ELECTRONICS

SEMESTER-II
Paper A : ANALOG ELECTRONICS-II

UNIT-I
Feedback in Amplifiers :
Concept of feedback, types of feedback, effect of negative feedback in amplifier performance (Qualitative).
Power Amplifiers :
Input and output considerations, push –pull amplifiers, complementary symmetry and transformer types, idea
of thermal run away and heat sink, concept of amplifier efficiency.
Oscillators :
Positive feedback, Barkhausen criteria. Hartley oscillator, Wein Bridge oscillator (no derivation of formulae).

UNIT-II

Operational Amplifiers :
Operational amplifiers with black box concept, inverting and non-inverting inputs, virtual ground, parameters
such as input impedance, output impedance, open loop gain and band width, specifications of an OP –AMP,
qualitative description of OP –AMP as inverting and non-inverting amplifiers summing and difference
amplifiers, comparator, differentiator, integrator and instrumentation amplifiers.
Power Supplies :
Concept of regulation, regulated power supply, three terminals IC based voltage regulation. Study of
power supply regulation with respect to variation in load current and line voltage, switched mode power
supply (SMPS) –working principle and applications, brief idea of C.V.T. and U.P.S.

Books Recommended :

1. Mehta, V.K. : Principles of Electronics.

2. Chattopadhayay, D. : Foundations of Electronics.

3. Milman Halkias : Electronics, Fundamentals and Applications.

4. B.L. Theraja : Basic Electronics Solid State.

268 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS

Paper B : DIGITAL AND NON-LINEAR ELECTRONICS-II

UNIT-I

Logic Families (Qualitative Treatment Only) :

TTL, CMOS familiar characteristics, parameters like power dissipation, speed, supply requirements logic
level, in Fan out, noise immunity.
Combinational Circuits :
Encoders, decoders, symbols and truth tables of multiplexer demultiplexer.

UNIT-II
Wave Shaping Circuits :
Concept of multivibrators (bistable, mono and astable) and Schmidt Trigger, integration, differentiation
using RC circuits, and operational amplifiers, clipping, clamping, operation and application of 555 timer
and VCO 565, generation of pulse, square and saw tooth wave.

Semiconductor Memories :
Idea of different types of SC memories (RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM), process of data
storage and retrieval, organization of memory, concept of PLA and PAL.

Books Recommended :

1. Malvino and Leach : Digital Principles and Applications.

2. Tokheim : Digital Electronics.
3. Milman and Halkias : Electronics Fundamentals and Applications.
4. M. Morris Mano : Digital Design.
5. Thera, B. L. : Basic Electronics Solid State.

B.Sc. ELECTRONICS (Practicals)

Guidelines for Electronics Practical Examination :
I The distribution of marks is as following :
(i) One full experiment requiring the student to take data, : 20 marks
analyse it and draw conclusions.

(ii) Brief Theory : 5 marks

(iii) One exercise based on experiment : 10 marks

(to be allotted by the examiner)
(iv) Viva-Voce : 10 marks
(v) Record (Practical file) : 5 marks
 B.A./B.SC.(GENERAL) FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER SYSTEM) SYLLABUS 269

II There will be one session of 3 hours duration. The paper will consist of 8 experiments, out of which an
examinee will mark 6 and one of them will be allotted by the examiner.
III Number of candidates in a group for practical examination should not exceed 12.
IV In a single group, same experiment will not be allotted to more than three examinees in any group.

List of Experiments :
1. (i) To familiarize the multimeter
(a) To measure AC/DC voltage.
(b) To measure resistance.
(c) To measure AC/DC current.
(d) To test diode, transistor (BJT.FET)
(ii) To measure capacitance of a capacitor using capacitance meter.

2. (i) To familiarize with various functional controls of CRO.

(ii) To use the CRO for the measurement of frequency, voltage and phase shift.
3. To draw forward and reverse bias characteristics for a PN junction and draw load line.
4. To observe the forms of half wave and full wave rectification using diode.
5. To draw V – I characteristics of Zener diode and to study Zener diode as a voltage regulator w.r.t. input
voltage and load resistance.
6. To draw C – B characteristics of BJT.
7. To draw C – E characteristics of BJT.
8. To find the voltage gain at different frequencies and to find the band width and gain band width
product of CE transistor amplifiers.
9. To set up a Hartley Oscillation and calculate the capacitance using CRO.
10. To study the output of regulated power supply (using 3 pin voltage regulator), w.r.t. input voltage and load.
11. Verification of truth table of OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR gates.
12. To implement the following arithmetic operations by using gates ICs.

(i) Half Adder (ii) Half Subtactor (iii) Full Adder (iv) Full Subtactor
13. To verify truth tables of JK. D.T. Master –Slave Flip Flop.
14. Use of 7 – segment LED’s and use of 7447 BCD to 7 – segment decoder.
15. To plot output and mutual characteristics of FET.

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Published by : Prof. A.K. Bhandari, Registrar, Panjab University, Chandigarh.