Titular Name Birth Name Birth Reign Death Notes

April 1526 –
26 December 26
Zahir-ud-din 1530
Bābur 23 February December
Muhammad Founded the Empire
‫بابر‬ 1483, Andijan 1530 (aged
‫ظہیر الدین محمد‬ 4 years 8 47)
months 25
days

26 December
1530 – 17
May 1540
Nasir-ud-din Humayun was overthrown in 1540 by Sher
Muhammad 9 years 4 27 January Shah Suri of the Suri dynasty but returned to
Humayun 17 March months 21
Humayun 1556 (aged the throne in 1555 after the death of Islam
‫ہمایوں‬ ‫نصیر الدین محمد‬
1508 days 48) Shah Suri (Sher Shah Suri's son and
‫ہمایوں‬ 22 February successor).
1555 – 27
January 1556

27 January
Jalal-ud-din 1556 – 27
Muhammad 27 October
Akbar-i-Azam 14 October October 1605 His mother was Persian Hamida Banu
1605 (aged
‫اکبر اعظم‬ ‫جالل الدین محمد‬ 1542 Begum.[15]
49 years 9 63)
‫اکبر‬ months 0 days

15 October
Nur-ud-din 1605 – 8
Muhammad October 1627 28 October
Jahangir 20 September His mother was Rajput princess Mariam-uz-
Salim 1627 (aged
‫جہانگیر‬ ‫نور الدین محمد‬
1569 21 years 11
60)
Zamani.[16]
months 23
‫سلیم‬ days

8 November
Shahab-ud-din 1627 – 2
Shah-Jahan-i- Muhammad August 1658 22 January
Khurram 5 January His mother was Rajput princess Jagat
Azam 1666 (aged
1592 30 years 8 Gosaini.[17] Built Taj Mahal.
‫شاہ جہان اعظم‬ ‫شہاب الدین محمد‬ 74)
months 25
‫خرم‬ days

His mother was Persian Mumtaz Mahal. He

Muhy-ud-din 31 July 1658 –
Muhammad was married to Safavid Dynasty Princess Dilras
3 March 1707 3 March
Alamgir I 4 November Banu Begum. He established Islamic law
Aurangzeb 1707 (aged
‫عالمگیر‬ ‫محی الدین‬
1618 48 years 7
88)
throughout India. After his death, His younger
months 0 days Son Azam Shah became the King (for 1 year)
‫محمداورنگزیب‬ .[18]
Bahadur Qutb-ud-Din 14 October 19 June 27 February He made settlements with the Marathas,
 Shah Muhammad 1643 1708 – 27 1712 (aged tranquilised the Rajputs, and became friendly
‫بہادر شاہ‬ Mu'azzam February 1712 68) with the Sikhs in the Punjab.
Shah Alam
(3 years, 253
‫قطب الدین محمد‬ days)
‫معزام‬
Mu'izz-ud-Din 27 February
Jahandar Shah 1712 – 11
Jahandar 12 February
Bahadur February 1713 Highly influenced by his Grand Vizier Zulfikar
Shah 9 May 1661 1713 (aged
Khan.
‫جہاندار شاہ‬ ‫معز الدین جہاندار‬ (0 years, 350 51)
‫شاہ بہادر‬ days)

Granted a firman to the East India Company in

11 January
1717 granting them duty-free trading rights
1713 – 28
29 April for Bengal, strengthening their posts on the
Farrukhsiyar Farrukhsiyar 20 August February 1719
1719 (aged east coast. The firman or decree helped British
‫فرخ سیر‬ ‫فرخ سیر‬ 1685
(6 years, 48 33) East India company to import goods into
days) Bengal without paying customs duty to the
government.
28 February –
Rafi ud- 6 June 1719
Rafi ud-Darajat 30 November 9 June 1719
Darajat Rise of Syed Brothers as power brokers.
‫رفیع الدرجات‬ 1699 (0 years, 98 (aged 19)
‫رفیع الدرجات‬ days)

6 June 1719 –
19 September 19
Shah Jahan II Rafi ud-Daulah 1719 September
June 1696 ----
‫شاہ جہان دوم‬ ‫شاہ جہاں دوم‬ (0 years, 105
1719 (aged
23)
days)

27 September Got rid of the Syed Brothers. Fought a long war

1719 – 26 with the Marathas, losing Deccan and Malwa in
Muhammad Roshan Akhtar 26 April
17 August April 1748 the process. Suffered the invasion of Nader
Shah Bahadur 1748 (aged
1702 Shah of Persia in 1739. He was the last
‫محمد شاہ‬ ‫روشن اختر بہادر‬ (28 years, 212 45)
emperor to possess effective control over the
days)
empire.
Ahmad Shah Ahmad Shah 26 April 1 January
23 December Mughal forces defeated by the Marathas at
Bahadur Bahadur 1748 – 2 June 1775 (aged
1725 the Battle of Sikandarabad.
‫احمد شاہ بہادر‬ ‫احمد شاہ بہادر‬ 1754 49)
2 June 1754 –
29 November 29
Alamgir II Aziz-ud-din 1759 November
6 June 1699 Domination of Vizier Imad-ul-Mulk.
‫عالمگیر دوم‬ ‫عزیز اُلدین‬ (5 years, 180
1759 (aged
60)
days)

Shah Jahan 10 December

Muhi-ul-millat 1772 (aged Consolidation of power by the Nawab of
III 1711 1759 – 10
‫محی اُلملت‬ 60–61) Bengal-Bihar-Odisha.
‫شاہ جہان سوم‬ October 1760
Shah Alam II Ali Gauhar 25 June 1728 10 October 19 Defeat in the Battle of Buxar.
 ‫شاہ عالم دوم‬ ‫علی گوہر‬ 1760 – 19 November
November 1806 (aged
1806 (46 78)
years, 330
days)
Muhammad
Shah 31 July 1788 –
Bahadur Enthroned as a puppet Emperor by
Bidar Bakht by 2 October 1790 (aged
1749 the Rohilla Ghulam Qadir, following the
Jahan IV ‫بیدار بخت‬ 1788 (63 40–41)
temporary overthrow of Shah Alam II.[19]
‫شاہ جہان محمد‬ days)
‫شاہ بهادر‬
19 November
1806 – 28 28
Akbar Shah II Mirza Akbar September September
22 April 1760 Titular figurehead under British protection.
‫اکبر شاہ دوم‬ ‫میرزا اکبر‬ 1837 (30 1837 (aged
years, 321 77)
days)
Abu Zafar
Sirajuddin 28 September
Muhammad 1837 – 23
Bahadur Bahadur Shah 7 November Last Mughal Emperor. Deposed by the British
24 October September
Shah II Zafar 1862 (aged and was exiled to Burma after the Indian
1775 1857 (19
‫بہادر شاہ دوم‬ ‫ابو ظفر سراج‬ years, 360
87) Rebellion of 18
‫اُلدین محمد بہادر‬ days)
‫شاہ ظفر‬

1. At what age did Babur succeed to the throne of Farghana in Trans Oxiana?
Answer: At the minor age of Twelve (Year 1494 )
2. Who sent an ambassador to Babur and invited him to displace Ibrahim Lodi in India?
Answer: Daulat Khan Lodi sent his son Dilawar Khan ;
Probably a messenger from Rana Sanga also arrived.
3. When was the First Battle Of Panipat fought?
Answer: 20th April, 1526; Between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi.
4. Which gun device was used by Babur in the First Battle of Panipat against Ibrahim Lodi?
Answer: Ottoman (Rumi) Device
5. During which Battle did Babur declared Jihad and assume the title of Ghazi in India?
Answer: Battle of Khanwa (1527) against Rana Sanga
6. Babur enjoyed the prestige of being the descendant of which two famous Asian warriors?
Answer: Changez Khan(on mother's side) and Timur(on father's side)
7. Tuzuk-i-baburi, the autobiography of Babur was written in which language?
Answer: Chagtai Turkic
8. When was the First attack of Babur in India?
Answer: Bajaur in 1519.
9. Which Mughal King popularised the use of Gun Powder and artillery in India?
Answer: Babur
10. Who built a new city of Dinpanah at Delhi?
Answer: Humayun
11. Which Rajput Queen sent a rakhi to Humayun when Bahadurshah of Gujarat attacked
Chittor?
Answer: Rani Karnavati
12. Which fort was known as the gateway of Eastern India?
Answer: Fort of Chunar
13. Who commanded the regions of Kabul and Qandhar during Humayun's reign?
Answer: Humayun's younger brother Kamran
14. Which Mughal monument marked a new beginning in the style of architecture in north
India with the Dome made of marble as it's most remarkable feature?
Answer: Humayun's Tomb
15. Who became the wakil of Mughal kingdom during the initial years of Akbar's reign?
Answer: Bairam Khan
16. Bairam Khan rallied the Mughal forces under which title?
Answer: Khan-i-khanan
17. When was the second battle of Panipat fought?
Answer: 5 November 1556
18. Where did Akbar saw the sea for the first time?
Answer: At Cambay in Gujarat
19. Which Mughal Emperor instituted a new system of land revenue viz. Dahsala in the
kingdom?
Answer: Akbar (In 1580 AD)
20. What were the names given to cultivated land and uncultivated land during Mughal era?
Answer: Polaj (Cultivated) , Parati (Fallow)
21. How many categories were there in every rank (Mansab)?
Answer: Three Categories
22. Even though Mansabdari system under Akbar was distinct in the world, perhaps it's
origins can be traced back to which king?
Answer: Changez Khan, he organised the army on a decimal
23. The territories of the Mughal kingdom were divided into which categories?
Answer: Jagir, Khalisa, Inam
24. Who was the head of the revenue department under Mughal administration?
Answer: Wazir
25. Who was the head of the military department and intelligence under Mughal
administration?
Answer: Mir Bakshi
26. Who were the Barids and Waqia-navis in Mughal administration?
Answer: Intelligence officers and News Reporters, respectively
27. Which officer was in charge of the imperial household in Mughal administration?
Answer: Mir Saman
28. Which department was headed by chief qazi in Mughal administration?
Answer: Judicial Department
29. Jazia, a tax which was levied on non muslims, was abolished by Emperor Akbar in which
year?
Answer: 1564 AD
30. Who built Ibadat Khana/Hall of Prayer in Fatehpur Sikri?
Answer: Emperor Akbar
31. Which missionaries came to Akbar's court from Goa and stayed here for a period of three
years?
Answer: Aquaviva and Monserrate
32. Emperor Akbar implemented the policy of 'Sulh-i-Kul', what is the literal meaning of it?
Answer: Peace with all
33. Who wrote Humayun-Nama the biography of Mughal king Humayun?
Answer: Gulbadan Begum
34. Who visited Jahangir's court as an ambassador to James I, the king of Britain?
Answer: Sir Thomas Roe
35. Which port of Gujarat was known as the Gate of Makka (Babul Makka) in Mughal
times?
Answer: Surat
36. Which Mughal prince emerged victorious in the Battle of Dharmat?
Answer: Aurangzeb (15 April 1658)
37. Where did East India Company establish their first factory with the permission of Mughal
Emperor Jahangir?
Answer: Surat
38. The peasants who owned the land they tilled were called?
Answer: Khudkashi
39. Mention the cash crops that were cultivated during the Mughal era.
Answer: Cotton, Indigo, Sugarcane, oilseeds, etc.
40. Coins were made of which metal in the Mughal era?
Answer: Silver
41. Which Mughal garden exists in Kashmir even today?
Answer: Nishant Bagh
42. Which monument was built by Akbar as a memento of his victory in Gujarat?
Answer: Buland Darwaza
43. Which Mughal king died by a sudden fall from the staircase?
Answer: Humayun
44. Which Mughal king started a new religion named Din-e-Ilahi?
Answer: Akbar
45. The practice of building a structure entirely of marble and to decorate the walls in floral
designs with precious stones is called?
Answer: Pietra Dura
46. The largest number of books on classical Indian music in Persian was written during the
rule of which Mughal king?
Answer: Aurangzeb
47. Who was given the status of First Lady of the kingdom by Emperor Aurangzeb?
Answer: Jahanara, daughter of Shah Jahan
48. Mughal art of painting reached it's zenith during the rule of which Mughal king?
Answer: Jahangir
49. Which Mughal king was referred to as 'Zinda Pir' / 'a living saint'?
Answer: Aurangzeb
50. Which officers were appointed by Aurangzeb to see whether people live their lives as per
the shara?
Answer: Muhtasibs
51. Which Mughal Emperor discontinued the practice of Jharokha Darshan (showing himself
to public from the balcony)?
Answer: Aurangzeb
52. Which artists are credited with the genesis of Mughal School of miniature painting?
Answer: Mir Sayyed Ali and Abdus Samad Khan
53. Hamza Nama and Tuti Nama, the most decorated work in Mughal Painting were made
during the rule of which Mughal king?
Answer: Akbar
54. Who are the only two emperors of the Mughal Emperor who wrote their biographies?
Answer: Babur and Jahangir
55. Padshah nama written by Abdul Hamid Lahori, gives a detailed account of which Mughal
king?
Answer: Shah Jahan
56. Ustad Isa is accredited as the architect of which Mughal monument?
Answer: Taj Mahal
57. The Mughal empire expanded it's territories to it's peak during whose reign?
Answer: Aurangzeb
58. Which Persian garden style was adopted by Mughals in monument architecture?
Answer: Charbagh Style
59. Who defeated Malva's ruler Medani Roy in the battle of Chanderi?
Answer: Babur
60. In which battle, Humayun completely lost against Sher Shah?
Answer: Battle of Bilgram(1540)
61. Where did Bairam Khan coronate Akbar?
Answer: Kalnaur
62. Akbar installed the statues of which Rajput commanders for their bravery after the siege
of Mewar?
Answer: Jaymala and Fatehsingh
63. Who translated Tuzuk-i-Baburi in Persian?
Answer: Abdur Rahim Khan i Khana
64. Who was the only luminary of Akbar's court to accept Din-e-Ilahi?
Answer: Birbal
65. Which Mughal King introduced Do-Aspa and Si-Aspa system in Mansabdari?
Answer: Jahangir
66. Which Mughal king brought Kabul and Kandhar under Indian Empire only after
Kushanas?
Answer: Babur
67. Which Mughal Emperor forbade the inscription of kalma on coins?
Answer: Aurangzeb
68. Sher Shah Suri initially served in the army of Mughals under which King?
Answer: Babur
69. Where was Akbar born?
Answer: Amarkot
70. Who were the hereditary owners of land during the reign of Akbar?
Answer: Qanungo
71. What was the real name of Sher Shah Suri?
Answer: Farid
72. Why did Sher Shah Shah get the title of 'Sher Khan' from his the then patron Bahar Khan
Lohani?
Answer: For Killing a tiger
73. What was the extent of Sher Shah Suri's empire?
Answer: From Bengal to Indus (Except Kashmir)
74. During which campaign, Sher Shah Suri got severely wounded due to the bursting of the
gun and subsequently died of it?
Answer: Siege of Kalinjer in 1545
75. Who was the royal historian of Sher Shah Suri?
Answer: Abbas Khan Sarwani
76. Under whose rule, the roads and sarais came to be known as 'the arteries of the empire'?
Answer: Sher Shah Suri
77. What was the share of the state in the land revenue during Sher Shah Suri's reign?
Answer: one-third of the produce
78. Where is the tomb of Sher Shah Suri?
Answer: Sasaram, Bihar
79. Which Suri king restored the Grand Trunk Road from Indus to Sonargaon in Bengal?
Answer: Sher Shah Suri
80. Which silver coin was introduced by Sher Shah, which was also used by subsequent
Mughal kings?
Answer: Rupia
81. The area under cultivation, the types of crops, and revenue share was written on paper in
Sur administration. What was this system known as?
Answer: Patta System
82. When did Sher Shah say that 'for a few grains of millet I almost lost the entire empire of
India'.
Answer: After the Battle of Giri Sumel (1544)
83. Who originally introduced the Ryotwari system?
Answer: Sher Shah Suri
84. Rohtas fort in Pakistan was built during the rule of?
Answer: Sher Shah Suri
85. Which copper currency was issued by Sher Shah Suri?
Answer: Dam
Mughal Empire was an imperial power in the Indian subcontinent from about
1526 to 1757. Learn the history of Mughal Empire.

1. In which century did Babur invade India?

Ans: Babur invaded India in 16th century.

2. Which state had lost its glory under Ibrahim Lodi?

Ans: Delhi had lost its glory under Ibrahim Lodi.

3. Who invited Babur to invade India?

Ans: Ibrahim Lodi’s personal officials invited Babur to invade India.

4. Who was the founder of the Mughal Empire?

Ans: Babur was the founder of the Mughal Empire.

5. What was the full name of Babur?

Ans: Zahir-ud-din Muhammad was the full name of Babur.

6. Who was the grandson of Timur?

Ans: Babur was the grandson of Timur.

7. After becoming the ruler of Kabul, Who conquered Ghazni and Samarkand?
Ans: After becoming the ruler of Kabul, Babur Conquered Ghazni and Samarkand.

8. Why was Babur Attracted to India?

Ans: Babur was attracted by the fabulous wealth of India.

9. Who lost the first battle of Panipat?

Ans: Ibrahim Lodi lost the first battle of Panipat.

10. When was the first battle of Panipat fought?

Ans: The first battle of Panipat was fought in 1526.
11. Who lost the fierce battle of Khanwa?
Ans: Rana Sanga lost the fierce battle of Khanwa.

12. Who wrote Baburnama?

Ans: Babur

13. Who was the eldest son of Babur?

Ans: Humanyun was the eldest son of Babur.

14. What was the full name of Humanyun?

Ans: Nasir-ud-din Muhammad Humanyun was the full name of Humanyun.

15. Who defeated Humanyun?

Ans: Sher Shah Suri defeated Humanyun.

16. Where did Humanyun take shelter when he ran away from India?
Ans: Humanyun took shelter in Iran when he ran away from India.

17. When did Humanyun take shelter in Iran?

Ans: Humanyun took shelter in Iran in 1540.

18. Who was the successor of Sher Shah Suri?

Ans: Sikandar Suri was the successor of Sher Shah Suri.

19. How did Humanyun die?

Ans: Humanyun died to slipping from his library building.

20. Where did Humanyun die?

Ans: Humnyun died at Delhi.

21. What was the full name of Akbar?

Ans: Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar.

22. Who was the guardian of Akbar when he was a minor?

Ans: Bairam Khan.
23. Who defeated Mughals and captured Agra and Delhi under the rule of Bairam
Khan?
Ans: Hemu Vikramaditya

24. Who lost the second battle of Panipat?

Ans: Hemu Vikramaditya lost the second battle of Panipat.

25. How did Bairam Khan die?

Ans: In 1560, Bairam Khan was forced to go on a pilgrimage to Mecca, but was
assassinated on the way.

26. Where did Akbar set up an Ibadatkhana?

Ans: Akbar set up an Ibadatkhana at Fatehpur Sikri.

27. Name the divine faith started by Akbar.

Ans: Din-I-Ilahi was the divine faith started by Akbar in 1582.

28. When did Akbar pass away?

Ans: Akbar passed away in 1605.

29. Who was the successor of Akbar?

Ans: Jahangir was the successor of Akbar.

30. What was the full name of Jahangir?

Ans: Muhammad Sultan Salim was the full name of Jahangir.

31. By which name Akbar used to address Jahangir?

Ans: Akbar used to address Jahangir by the name of ‘Shaikhu Baba’.

32. What was the name of Jahangir’s son?

Ans: The name of Jahangir’s son was Prince Khusrau.

33. When did Jahangir die?

Ans: Jahangir died in 1627 due to excessive drinking.
34. Who was Shah Jahan?
Ans: The third son of Jahangir was Shah Jahan.

35. What title did Shah Jahan take?

Ans: Shah Jahan took the title of Khurram.

36. When did Shah Jahan retire to Agra?

Ans: Shah Jahan retired to Agra in 1636.

37. Who was known as an ‘engineer king’?

Ans: Shah Jahan was known as an ‘engineer king’.

38. When did Shah Jahan die?

Ans: Shah Jahan died in 1666.

39. What title was assumed to Aurangzeb?

Ans: The title of Alamgir was assumed to Aurangzeb.

40. When did Aurangzeb die?

Ans: Aurangzeb died in 1707.

41. Who was the last ruler of Mughal Empire?

Ans: Bahadur Shah Jafar-II.

42. How did Shah Jahan die?

Ans: Shah Jahan fell ill immediately his son Aurangzeb took over the throne and imprisoned
his father, who died in captivity in 1666