R.M.

K ENGINEERING COLLEGE

ME6811 - PROJECT WORK

ELECTRIC BIKE WITH SOLAR POWER SYSTEM
 DEPARTMENT OF
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
R.M.K. ENGINEERING
COLLEGE,
KAVARAIPETTAI.

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI

600 025
APRIL 2019
PROJECT MEMBERS PROJECT GUIDE

Prof. Dr. K.R. SENTHIL KUMAR

AKIFUDEEN.N M.E., Ph.D.
(111716114007)
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

GOWTHAM C.S.
(111716114039)
Dr.G MAHENDRAN M.E.,Ph.D.
PROFESSOR
KHADER MEERAN.M
(111716114312)
• The aim of our project is to design and fabricate Electric
bike with solar power system.
• There are many types of bicycle in the world such as
normal bicycle that people need to paddle for it to move,
motorized bicycle that uses fuel as its prime power and
electric bicycle that can only be sufficient for an hour.
Because of some weaknesses in the existence system, the
idea of a solar bicycle came in mind. The idea is to make
the bicycle last longer and can be automatically recharge
when the bicycle is not in use by the renewable solar
energy.
Solar power system in Bicycle

• The concept of the solar energy is that a high torque motor

will be put on the bicycle which will be generated by the
solar energy. The solar energy will be absorbed by the
portable solar panel to generate the power. The power that
had been absorbed by the panel can be used directly by
the motor if the power matches the power requirement. If
not, the motor will use the power from a battery. When the
bicycle was not in use during the day, the solar panel will
charge the battery. The system will make bicycle operate
more efficiently
Schematic Diagram of Project Work
SYNOPSIS

MATERIALS REQUIRED

• Battery
• D.C. Electric motor
• A speed controller or motor controller
• V Brake
• Thumb Throttle
• Battery Charger
BATTERY
• In this project we are using LEAD ACID BATTERIES. There are 2 LA batteries of 12V
each. Lead acid batteries, invented in 1859 by French physicist Galstron Plante, are the
oldest type of rechargeable battery. Despite having a very low energy-to-weight ratio and a
low energy-to-volume ratio, their ability to supply high surge currents means that the cells
maintain a relatively large power-to-weight ratio. These features, along with their low cost,
make them attractive for use in motor vehicles to provide the high current required by
automobile starter motors.
• Batteries use a chemical reaction to do work on charge and produce a voltage between
their output terminals.
• Charging and discharging the battery:
• The reaction of lead and lead oxide with the sulphuric acid electrolyte produces a voltage.
The supplying of energy to and external resistance discharges the battery.
• The discharge reaction can be reversed by applying a voltage from a charging source.
DC ELECTRIC MOTOR:

• An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. A 180W brush type DC motor
is used in solar electric bicycle. A brushed DC motor is an internally commutated electric motor designed
to be run from a direct current power source.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION:
• The construction of a simple BDC motor is shown in Figure. All BDC motors are made of the same
basic components: a stator, rotor, brushes and a commutator.
Stator:
• The stator generates a stationary magnetic field that surrounds the rotor. This field is generated by
either permanent magnets or electromagnetic windings. The different types of BDC motors are
distinguished by the construction of the stator or the way the electromagnetic windings are connected to
the power source.
Rotor:
• The rotor, also called the armature, is made up of one or more windings. When these windings are
energized they produce a magnetic field. The magnetic poles of this rotor field will be attracted to the
opposite poles generated by the stator, causing the rotor to turn. As the motor turns, the windings are
constantly being energized in a different sequence so that the magnetic poles generated by the rotor do
not overrun the poles generated in the stator. This switching of the field in the rotor windings is called
commutation.
Brushes and Commutator:
• Unlike other electric motor types (i.e., brushless DC, AC induction), BDC motors do not
require a controller to switch current in the motor windings. Instead, the commutation of the
windings of a BDC motor is done mechanically. A segmented copper sleeve, called a
commutator, resides on the axle of a BDC motor. As the motor turns, carbon brushes slide
over the commutator, coming in contact with different segments of the commutator. The
segments are attached to different rotor windings; therefore, a dynamic magnetic field is
generated inside the motor when a voltage is applied across the brushes of the motor. It is
important to note that the brushes and commutator are the parts of a BDC motor that are
most prone to wear because they are sliding past each other.
• Examples of brush-type DC motor operations:
• Figure shows an example of controlling the speed of a brush-type DC motor using a PWM
waveform. These operations are outlined below:
• When the duty cycle changes, the interval between on and off of the transistor changes and
the average current supplied to the motor also changes. When this average current changes,
the motor rotation speed also changes.
• When the duty cycle of the PWM waveform is 50%, the motor rotates with 50% output.
• When the duty cycle of the PWM waveform is 75%, the motor rotates with 75% output.
• When the duty cycle of the PWM waveform is 100%, the motor rotates with 100% output (at
full speed).
SPEED CONTROL:

• The speed of a BDC motor is proportional to the voltage

applied to the motor. When using digital control, a pulse-
width modulated (PWM) signal is used to generate an
average voltage. The motor winding acts as a low pass filter
so a PWM waveform of sufficient frequency will generate a
stable current in the motor winding. The relation between
average voltage, the supply voltage, and duty cycle is given
by:
V BRAKES:

• A bicycle brake is used to slow down or stop a bicycle.

• V-brakes are a side-pull version of cantilever brakes and
mount on the same frame bosses. However, the arms are
longer, with the cable housing attached to one arm and the
cable to the other. As the cable pulls against the housing the
arms are drawn together. Because the housing enters from
vertically above one arm yet force must be transmitted
laterally between arms, the flexible housing is extended by a
rigid tube with a 90° bend known as the "noodle". The
noodle seats in a stirrup attached to the arm. A flexible
bellows often covers the exposed cable.
THUMB THROTTLE:

• This solar electric bicycle thumb throttle is easy to use and great for those
that want to keep their original handlebar grip. Typically the thumb throttle is
used on bikes that have a twist gear changing system. That said it comes down
to personal choice as the thumb throttle can also be used on a bike that has a
thumb gear changing system. A "Thumb Throttle" refers to a method of
controlling the speed of an engine or motor. A thumb throttle is located on the
right side of the handle bar and is a small lever on under side of the handle bar
that is operated by pushing inwards with your thumb.
• When you push your thumb in you are increasing the engine speed (going
faster). When you bring your thumb back towards you (or let go of the throttle
and let the springs return it), it slows the engine down.
ADVANTAGES
• Commuting with low fatigue at a top speed of 24 kmph.
• Extends the riding range – 30kms on a single charge.
• Lesser maintenance cost.
• Normal pedalling is possible when not on power assist mode.
• Detachable battery can be taken inside the house for charging.
• Thumb throttle - simple to operate and less strain on hands.
• Solar panels keep charging the batteries for our continuous use.
• The fan produce electricity and hence the battery is charged.
• No noise - no vibration - no smog - no smog checks.
• No registration - no insurance – no driver's license
• No gasoline - no oil - no tune-ups.
• No parking hassles - no car payments - no more exercise (use the pedals) -
no brainer
DISADVANTAGES

• High centre of gravity.

• More wind load.
• Initial Cost is High.