ED 1A present simple and continuous, action and non-action verbs present simple: live, he works.etc, | present continuous: be++ verb +-ing ‘A Who are you waiting for? B [’m waiting for a friend. ‘A Great! I realy like pasta ‘A What are you doing after They work in a bank, Wirere do you live? He doesn't wear glasses. ‘She usually has cereal for breakfast. action and non-action verbs ‘A What are you cooking tonight? B I'm making pasta, 4 EDDA dass? + Verbs which describe actions, ¢.g, make, cook, Pm never late for wo B P'mgoing to the café. | | canbe used in the present simple or continuous Use the present simple forthings | "5°" —__ |. Verbs which describe states or feelings (not that are always true or happen | * Usethe present continuous | " actions), e.g. lke, wan, be, are not normally erat (not present simple) for feed tre preeniicone raois Remember the spelling rules, eg. | sctlonsin progressatthe |. Common non-acton verbs are agree, be, Teese flee gare 3 ime of speaking or for believe, belong, depend, forget, hate, hear, ele (Gouna foliar trate know. like, ove, matter, mean, need, prefer, Use ASI (auxiliary, subject, + Remember the spelling realize, recognize, seem, suppose. finitive) or QUASI (question rules, e.g. living, studying, a —— SER | eaae A. A few verbs have an action and a non-action pete meaning. The most common is have. : ie aetna T have a big flat. = possession (non-action) o- eee tet ane and Tean't talk now. P'm having lunch. ually, before the main verb a amaciviy ction) 1B past tenses past simple: worked, stopped, went,had,etc. | pastperfect: had + past | _ using narrative tenses together ‘They got married last year. What time did you wake up this morning? I didn’t have time to do my homework When John arrived, they had dinner. (fist Joho arrived, then they had ‘When they turned on. the TY, the match had finished, ‘Use the past simple for finished past actions. [ felt nervous because I past continuous: was/ were + verb + -ing ‘A What were you doing at six o'clock last night B [was watching TV. It was a cold night and it was raining. + Use the past continuous to describe an action | action. in progress at a specific time in the past. When fohn arrived, they were having dinner. (when John arrived they were in the middle of dinner) | dinner) hadn't flown before. + Use the past perfect when ‘you are talking about the | | When John arrived, they had had dinner. ast and you want totalk || (they had dinner before John arrived). about an earlier past + Remember Irregular verbs p.156. 1c future forms be going to + infinitive present continuous: bet verb +-ing | — will/ shall + infinitive future plans and intentions future arrangements Pithave the steak. (Instant decision) ‘My sisters going to adopt a child, Are you going to buy @ new car? I’m not going to go to New York next week. a predictions 1 think they're going to win. (They're | playing very wel.) |} - Tes going to rain. (The sky is very dark) Use going to NOT will won't when you hhave already decided to do something. | — With the verb go you can leave out the infinitive. Tm not going (to go) to New York. T wont tel anybody where you ae. (promise) ei : Beary that bag for you. (ofer) uf Shall Thelp you with your homework? You can usually use present (offer) continuous or going to for future Shall we eat out tonight? (suggestion) plans / arrangements. ‘You'll love the film! (prediction) going to shows that you have eee tmade a decision. r + Use will won't (NOT the present ‘We're going to get married in the simple) for instant decisions, promises summer, offers, and suggestions. Present continuous emphasizes that | + Use shall (NOT will with Land we for you have made the arrangements, offers and suggestions when they are We're getting married on uly 12th questions. (eg. we've Booked the church). | + Use will or going to for predictions.Grammar BANK 1A a Correct the mistakes in the highlighted phrases. b Write questions in the present continuous or present simple. Ouch! Youstand on my foot! You're standing A What are you eating? (you / eat) B A cheese sandwich. 1 They have always Breakfast in bed on » Sunday morning. 1 A Where lunch today? (you / have) 2 She can’t come to the phone now. She has a shower. B At home, My mum’s making pasta. 3. We ate needing an answer from you before Wednesday. 2 A What (he / do) 4. Pim studinig a lot now because I have exams next week. BiH anarcouniane ; 3A ___ this weekend? (you / go away) 5 Shedon'teat meat at all, No weit aiying heve 6 ‘They always are late, - 4a ____ to eat out tonight? (you / want) 7 Do.you go out tonight? B Yes, that would be nice. Where shall we go? 8 |Henever repli to my emaits! 5A What —__ 2 (she / cook) 9 A Are you going to the park this afternoon? B I don't know, but it smells good. B I don’t know. It’s depending on the weather. 1B a Combine the two sentences. Use the verb in bold in the past continuous or past perfect. Sarah had a siesta from 3,00 to 5.00. Peter picked up the tickets a Peter picked up the tickets when Sarah _was having a siesta. 1 They watched TV from 7.00 until 9.00. I arrived at 7.30, When I arrived, they TV. 2 He left the office at 7.00. She phoned him at 8.00. When she phoned him, he _. the office, 3 1 studied for the exam the night before. The exam didn’t go well. the night before. 4 He cycled to work this morning, In the middle of his journey, he The exam didn't go well although 1 had an accident. When he to work this morning, he had an acc 5 He only had five lessons. He passed his driving test. ‘When he passed his driving test, he (only) five lessons. b Complete with the past simple, past continuous, or past perfect. We didn't realize. that we had been. there before. (not realize, be) 2 4.00. 1 A How 2 (the accident / happen) BHe back from Manchester when he tree. (drive, hit) 2 1____ cooking the meal when they ‘me to say they couldn’t come. (already / start, call) 3 When I got home I was really tired, so I a shower and - to bed. (have, go) 4 Tarrived too late. The concert and ‘ident. my friends home. (finish, go) 5 The driver control of his ear because he ‘on his mobile, (lose, talk) 1c a Circle the correct form. Tick () the sentence if both are possible. Cn not going) 1 won't goto work tomorrow because Saturday. 1 I'm going to study / I'l study English here next year. 2A Shall we / Will we eat out tonight? B Good idea. 3 Well go / We're going to Brazil next week. I can’t wait. 4 What are you going to wear / are you wearing to the party? 5 Do you think it will rain / its going to rain tomorrow? 6A Thisisheavy. B I'll kelp/ Ihelp you. 7 Tim meeting /T meet a friend this evening, 8 T'mreally sorry. [ promise I wort do/ I'm not going to doit again 9 They're getting / They're going to get married in May. MuliROM — wwwoup.com/elt/englishfile/intermediate b a correct future form, Complete B's replies A Sorry, Ann’s not in. B OK. _[ilcall back. later. (call back) 1A There’s no milk, B Don't worry, I some. (get) 2 A Can we meet on Tuesday? B Sorry, can't I - to Brighton on Tuesday. (go) 3 A Can we have pizza for lunch? B No, we chicken. I've already put it in the oven, (have) 4 A Js that the phone? B Yes, but don't get up, T_—_ 5 A Jane’s put on a lot of weight! B She's pregnant. She ‘August have) it (answer) a baby inpresent perfect and past simple present perfect simple: have / has + past participle (worked, seen, etc.) past experiences Eve beent to London, but I haven't been to Oxford. She's never met his ex-wife. Have you ever lost your credit card? the airport recent past actions ve cut my finger! He’s just arrived at [with yet and already (for emphasis) T've already done my homework. Can I watch TV? Have you finished yei? | My brother hasn't found a new job yet + We often use ever and never when ‘we ask or talk about past experiences. ‘unfinished states (non-action verbs) which | * Use How long...?+ present perfect They go before the main verb. startin the past and are stil true now to ask about an unfinished period + just and already go before the sain = — of time (from the past until now). terbin 3] sentences,yergoesattheend | A They'veknown each other for 10 years. | + Usefor-ha period of ime,e. for ofthe phrase in (=) sentences and [7]. | B How long have they been married? two weeks, or since with a point of AA Since 2004. time, eg. since 1990, + For irregular past participles see Irregular verbs p.136, present perfect or past simple? | ve been to Madrid twice. (= in my life up to now) How long have you been married to Alan? (=you are married to Alan now) [Ve (just) bought a new computer. (= I don't say exactly when) went therein 1998 and 2002. (= on two specific occasions) How long were you married to Jake? (@ you are not married to Jake now) _ T bought it on Saturday.(= I say when) + Use the present perfect when there is a connection + Use the past simple to ask or talk about finished actions between the past and the present, in the past, when the time is mentioned or understood, We often use a past time expression, e.g. January, last week, etc. 2B present perfect continuous eee eee ae larvuea etc.) use the present perfect simple feripicann comltaao vs BRL Present, 3 Perfect continuous for unfinished NOT the present perfect continuous. ‘A Your eyes are red, Have you How long have you been learning English? He's been working here since April, They've been going out together for three years. + have / has been + verb + -ing + Use the present perfect continuous with for and since with action verbs (e-. learn, go, etc). with for and since. ve known her for ages. NOT Fve-been knowing her forages. With liveand work you can use the present perfect simple or continuous ‘with forand since. Tee been living here for sie months. Te lived here for sx months. been crying? B No, P've been cutting onions. + Use the present perfect exo cata going on very recent ‘They have usually just stopped. comparatives and superlatives ‘comparing two things (or actions) He's the tallest player in the team. My sister is a bit taller than me. London is more expensive than Edinburgh. This testis less difficult than the last one ‘Olive oil is better for you than butter. You drive more slowly than me. Liverpool played worse today than last week. Flying isn’t as comfortable as going by train. He doesn’t smoke as much as she does. Her new car looks the same as the old one. Oslo is the most expensive capital city in Europe. This book is the least difficult to understand. She's the best student in the class Who drives the most carefully in your family? ‘That's the worst they've ever played. + Form superlatives like comparatives but use -est instead or -erand most / least instead of more/ less. + You normally use the before superlatives, but you can also use possessive adjectives, eg. my best friend, their most famous song. +» Regular comparative adjectives / adverbe: hard>harder,bg> bigger, eas>easier, mdern>more modern, di ifficulr> more difficult, carefully>more carefully + Irregular comparative adjectives / adverbs: good / well> better, bad / badly> worse, far>fusther +» After than or as we can use an object pronoun eg, She's taller han me OR She’ taller than Tam but NOt Ske ima him. her et. or a exbject pronoun (hase) + suxiay ver,2A a Correct the mistakes in the highlighted phrases. ve never seen He left quite early but he yet hasn't arrived We don't see each othier since we left schoo! I've never saw Star Wars, Have you ever wrote a poem? ‘She have never been to. Istanbul. back yet. 6 I don't see them often but T've known them since ten years 7 What year have you left school? 8 We're lost. We already have been down this road twice. 9. sent her an email last week, but she doesn’t reply yet 10 ‘They live in that house since 1980. 2B a Make sentences with the present perfect continuous (and for / since if necessary). she / work there / 2003 [| She's been working there since 2003. how long / they / go out together [7] L/ study English / two years (2) he / feel very well recently = you / read that book / months! [] you / wait /a long time [7] we / spend much time together how long / she / live there (2) 1/ rent this flat / three years. 9 the lift / work / 10 o'clock 10. she / work here / a long time (D eyaw ve lent him €50 last week, but he hasn't paid me GRAMMAR BANK b Complete the dialogues with the past simple or present perfect. Tye already seen that film twice. (already / see) 1 A How long — _— at university? (you / be) B [ ____ two years ago. I'm in my third year now. (start) A Do you live with your parents? BI with them for the first two years but then I into a student hostel last September and [there since then. (live, move, live) 2A a job yet? (your brother / find) B Yes, he workin a hotel. (just / start) 3A to Nobu — that new Japanese restaurant? (you fever / be) B Yes,we _____ there for my birthday. (go) A What was it like? B The food ___ fantastic but it ___ a fortune! (be, cost) b Complete with a verb from the list in the present perfect continuous. cry do eat play shop notsleep watch A Your sister lost alot of weight! B Yes, She been eating a lot less recent. 1A Your eyesare red. ______ you B Yes. 1 asad film, 2 A It’s very late, Why aren't you in bed? B I can't sleep. That dog > for the last two hours. 3 A You look tired. B Iknow.1 —__ well recently. 4A Wow! You've bought a lot of things! B Yes, we all day. 5 A Youlook hot! What _____ you ______? BI____in the garden with the children. 2c a Complete with one word. She's much _mare. intelligent than her brother. b Complete with the comparative or superlative of the bold word. Mexican food is much spicier than American food. spicy 1 He’s not as clever he thinks he is II's than it was this time last year. hot 2 Its best book I've read for a long time. 2 Jan's of all my sisters. competitive 3. The journey took longer ___. we expected. 3He’s person in the office. lazy 4 I think it was the saddest film I've _____ seen. 4A He looks much _____ with shorter hair. good 5. Is Texas the biggest state ___ the USA? 5 [sat next to _____ person at the party! boring 6 He's the selfish person ve ever met. 6 Could we meet a bit tomorrow? early 7 Your watch is the same ____ mine. 7 Tewas — film T've seen this year. bad 8 My father speaks quickly than I do, 8 Sue is ____ member of my family. ambitious 9. We don't go swimming often as we did before. «9 The ____ way to travel is by train. safe 10 Her brother’s about 10 and she's a year younger 10 Theeach was. from the hotelthan far than we expected, MultiROM — www.oup.com/eltfenglshfile/intermediate B