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Torque Equation of Moving Iron Instruments

The document discusses the torque equation of moving iron instruments. It derives that the deflecting torque (Td) is equal to half the rate of change of inductance (dL/dθ) multiplied by the square of the current (I2). It also shows that the controlling torque (Tc) due to the instrument spring is proportional to the deflection (θ), and setting Td = Tc yields the result that deflection is proportional to the square of the current through the coil, demonstrating the instrument's square law response.

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21K views

Torque Equation of Moving Iron Instruments

The document discusses the torque equation of moving iron instruments. It derives that the deflecting torque (Td) is equal to half the rate of change of inductance (dL/dθ) multiplied by the square of the current (I2). It also shows that the controlling torque (Tc) due to the instrument spring is proportional to the deflection (θ), and setting Td = Tc yields the result that deflection is proportional to the square of the current through the coil, demonstrating the instrument's square law response.

Uploaded by

DuraiPandy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Torque Equation of Moving iron instruments

Consider a small increment in current supplied to the coil of the instrument. Due to the current
let d be the deflection under the deflecting torque Td . Due to such deflection, some mechanical
work will be done.

Mechanical work = Td d

There will be a change in the energy stored in the magnetic field due to the change in inductance.
This is because the vane tries to occupy the position of minimum reluctance hence the force is
always in such a direction so as to increase the inductance of coil. The inductance is inversely
proportional to the reluctance of the magnetic circuit of coil.

Let

I = Initial current

L =Instrument inductance

 =Deflection

d =Change in deflection

dI =Increase in current

dL =Change in inductance

In order to effect an instrument dI in the current, there must be an increase in the applied
voltage given by,

d LI  dL dI
e I L As both I and L are changing.
dt dt dt

The electrical energy supplied is given by,

 dL dI 
eI dt   I  L  Idt  I 2 dL  I L dI
 dt dt 

L I 2 to L  dL I  dI 
1 1 2
The stored energy increases from
2 2

Hence the change in the stored energy is given by,

=
1
L  dL I  dI 2  1 LI 2
2 2

1
Neglecting higher order terms, this becomes, I L dI  I 2 dL
2
1
The energy supplied is nothing but increase in stored energy plus the energy required for
mechanical work done.

Therefore,

1 2
I 2 dL  I L dI  I L dI  I dL  Td d
2

1 2
i.e. Td d  I dL
2

1 2 dL
Therefore, Td  I
2 d

While the controlling torque is given by,

Tc  K

where, K =Spring constant

1 2 dL
K  I
2 d

Hence, Tc  K

1 I 2 dL

2 K d

Thus the deflection is proportional to the square of the current through the coil and the
instrument gives square law response.

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