CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE PLANNING INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION SYSTEMS ISSUE 2 October 1991 BSIA Form No. 109 © This document is the copyright of the BSIA and is not to be reproduced without the written consent of the copyright owner. THE BRITISH SECURITY INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION- CONTENTS 1 , INTRODUCTION 2 SCOPE 3. DEFINITIONS 4. CLASSIFICATION 41 — General 42 Lighting Levels 5. PLANNING 5.1 Survey . 5.2 Equipment Selection and Installation 5.21 Environmental Conditions 5.2.2 Bracket and Tower 523 Cameras 5.24 Lenses 525 Camera Positioning Equipment 52.6 Cabling 5.2.7 Transmission system | 5.28 Monitors 52.9 Control Equipment and Monitoring 5.2.10 Power Supplies 6. COMMISSIONING, HANDOVER AND DOCUMENTATION 61 Commissioning 6.2 Handover 63 Documentation 7. | MAINTENANCE . 7.1 » General 7.2 Preventative Maintenance 73 Corrective. Maintenance 8 RECORDS 8.1 General 82 System Record 83 Historical Record 84 Preventative Maintenance Record 85 Corrective Maintenance Record 86 Temporary Disconnection Record » 9. REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS BSIA CoP No 109 - Issue 2 - OCT 1991 Page 1 of 19INTRODUCTION ~ This BSIA Code of Practice has been prepared to assist specifiers, installers, users, insurance companies and the police in selecting the level of security of equipment best suited to a particular risk and to provide guidelines for the planning, installation and maintenance of such systems. Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) in its simplest form is a means of providing video pictures generated by a camera and viewed on a monitor via a private transmission system, hence the term "Closed Circuit". During site survey, specification, design and installation of a CCTV system, the potential for. intrusion and invasion of privacy should be considered. While meeting the needs of security surveillance, the system and equipment should be prevented as far as practicable from viewing subjects other than those under surveillance and from-causing a nuisance, such as from visible light. Where necessary, shades, screens ot limit stops should be used, and operators should be trained in suitable use of the system. The objectives of the Code of Practice are: 1. The establishment and maintenance of minimum standards of installation for closed circuit television systems. 2. The provision of a framework to assist purchasers, installers and users in establishing their requirements with suppliers. 3. The assistance of specifiers and users in determining the suitability of equipment for a given application. 4. The assistance of system designers in meeting specifier or user requirements. 5. To ensure that there is no undue intrusion to the public's general right of privacy. 6. The establishment of definitions for terms used within the closed circuit television industry. The successful operation of a closed circuit television system requires the active co-operation of the user in carrying out the necessary procedures carefully and thoroughly. The usefulness of the whole system and its security can be jeopardized by lack of care. This care has to extend to the security of information regarding the system, its design, installation and method of operation and to ensure adequate maintenance. BSIA CoP No 109 - Issue 2 - OCT 1991 Page 2 of 193.1 32 33 34 35 3.6 37 BSIA SCOPE This Code of Practice gives recommendations for the selection, planning , installation and maintenance of closed circuit television systems. NOTE: The titles of the publications referred to in this Code of Practice are listed in Section 9 of this document. Attention is drawn to the current edition of the Regulations for Electrical Installation. DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Code of Practice the following definitions apply: CCTV System ‘An arrangement comprising of a’camera and lens with all ancillary equipment required for the surveillance of a specific area. CCTV Installation ACCTV system, or associated group of systems, together with all necessary hardware, auxiliary lighting, etc. CCTV Camera A unit containing an imaging device producing a video signal. Scene Illumination 3.4.1 Incident Light Level The average light level incident upon an area, normally measured in lux. 34.2 Reflected Light Level Camera sensitivity is normally measured in terms of reflected light and will be lessithan the incident level, normally measured in lux. Lens ‘An optical device for focusing a desired scene onto the imaging device in a CCTV camera. Fixed Focal Length Lens A lens with a pre-determined fixed focal length, normally having a focusing control and iris adjustment. Zoom Lens A lens in which the focal length, can be varied within a pre-defined range. The lens has a focusing control and iris adjustment. CoP No 109 - Issue 2 - OCT 1991 Page 3 of 1938 39 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 Pinhole Lens : A fixed focal length lens, for viewing through a very small aperture, for discreet surveillance purposes. The lens normally has no focusing control but offers iris adjustment. Focal Length Focal length is a measurement quoted in mm which determines the viewing angle of the lens. The smaller the number in mm the wider the viewing angle. Focusing Control A means for adjustment of a lens to allow objects at various distances from a camera lens.to:be:sharply defined. lis A means for controlling the size of a lens aperture and therefore the amount of light passing through’a léns. Manual Iris A manual method of varying the size of a lens aperture. Auto Iris An automatic method of varying the size of a lens aperture in response to changes in scene illumination. Video Monitor A device for converting a video signal into an image. Video Signal An electrical signal conveying all of the elements of the image. Slow Scan The transmission of a series of frozen images by means of analogue or digital signals over.limited.bandwidth.media, typically over telephone networks. Video Switcher A device for switching more than one camera to one or more monitors manually, automatically or upon receipt of an alarm condition. Remote Control Facility for controlling remotely such features as pan and tilt units and. lens functions. Pan Unit A motorized unit permitting horizontal positioning of a camera. BSIA CoP No 109 - Issue 2 - OCT 1991 Page 4 of 193.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 Pan and Tilt Unit A motorized unit permitting vertical and horizontal positioning of a camera. Environmental Housings Equipment containers and associated accessories, such as heaters, washers and wipers, to meet specified environmental conditions. Time Lapse Video Recording The intermittent recording of video signals at controlled intervals to extend the recording time of the recording medium. Multiplex Video Recording. The condensed recording of more.than one video signal giving playback similar to time lapse recording. Video Printer A device for converting a video signal to a hard copy print-out. Video Store A device for storing electronically one or more images for steady display on a video monitor, Alphanumeric Video Generator A device for allowing information to be superimposed on the picture being displayed. Video Motion Detector A detection device generating an alarm condition in response to a change in the signal from a closed circuit television camera. Video Distribution Amplifier A device which. provides: multiple:outputs from one video signal. Video Line Amplifier A device providing amplification of the video signal. Video Equalization Corrector A device which corrects for unequal frequency losses in the transmission of a video signal typically due to long distance between the camera and video monitor. External Synchronization A means for ensuring that all equipment is synchronised to one source. BSIA CoP No 109 - Issue 2 - OCT 1991 Page 5 of 193.32 3.33 Video Multiplex Image Unit Equipment for compressing and displaying several complete pictures simultaneously on a single monitor. Commissioning The completion of installation and final testing of a system prior to its handover. (CLASSIFICATION 41 42 421 422 423 425 General Closed circuit-television. systems are classified by the category of camera, and the installing company should indicate to the customer the classification of the cameras making up the system relating to the area of coverage and lighting level. =~” Lighting Levels Cameras are generally classified according to their sensitivity to lighting levels as follows: Daylight Daylight cameras operate from full sunlight to sunset, Lowlight Lowlight cameras operate from full sunlight to twilight. Moonlight Moonlight cameras operate from full sunlight to quarter moonlight. Starlight, Starlight cameras: operate from-full-sunlight to starlight. NOTE: Moonlight and starlight cameras should be reserved for specialised applications. Infra-Red Infra-red cameras utilize an infra-red source to supplement the available light level. The table below shows the relative light levels: BSIA CoP No 109 - Issue 2 - OCT 1991 Page 6 of 19Figure 1. Chart of relative light levels Lux Full Sun Overcast Day = Sunset Twilight Moon WG Mad Stairs/Passages 60 lux. Offices/Retail Store 250/500 lux 5. PLANNING ree 5.1.1 5.12 Survey General The importance of correct and adequate planning in both surveying and installation is paramount. Appropriate systems design has a substantial bearing on the performance and reliability of a CCTV system. System Survey and Design The following major points should be considered when surveying and designing a system: - The camera chosen should give adequate performance under the intended lighting conditions. - The environmental conditions in which a camera is to operate should be fully taken into account. - The selected camera position allows for security and maintenance. - Consideration should be given to camera position and performance at certain times of.the day or.night (e.g. low sun at dawn and dusk, bright lights at night, seasonal variations etc.). - The camera mounting bracket or pole and its fixing should be sufficient to support the weight and the windage of the camera and any associated hardware. - The lens chosen covers the area to be viewed and provides the correct level of detail specified - The lens is compatible with the selected camera. + The intended size and number of monitors takes into account operator viewing distance and fatigue (monitor blindnéss). BSIA CoP No 109 - Issue 2 - OCT 1991 Page 7 of 19- Engure'compensation has been made for any signal loss,that may result: from the transmission distance between camera and monitor. + The control equipment, video recorder, monitors etc. are suitably positioned to take account of the environmental conditions and ease of use. - The control equipment takes into account any foreseeable future requirements. - The system can be easily controlled and monitored by the operator(s). 52 Equipment Selection and Installation. 521 Environmental Conditions Equipment should be selected and/or installed to withstand the following air temperatures: ~ Internally sited equipment, 0 to 40 degrees C - Externally sited equipment, -20 to 50 degrees C NOTE: Equipment exposed to direct sunlight can exceed these temperatures and appropriate shielding may be required in such circumstances. Exterior equipment should be considered for use in unheated premises. Where equipment is exposed it should meet IPS4 or, in a particularly exposed location IP6S as specified in BS 5490. For all equipments and ancillaries the following should be taken into consideratio Temperature Humidity Dust and other air contamination Vibration - Electrical interference - Rigidity, taking into account high wind velocity. - Ease of access for maintenance and service - Convenience of operator use 5.22 Bracket and Tower + Brackets and towers should be specified to take account of the following points: - The maximum load to be carried by the bracket or tower. BSIA CoP No 109 - Issue 2 - OCT 1991 Page 8 of 19- Héight at which. the equipment is to operate. - Wherever possible "tilt over/wind down” towers should be used so enabling all maintenance of equipment to be carried out at ground level. Before erecting brackets and towers the following points should be taken into consideration and manufacturers’ specifications and recommend- ations should be followed: Planning permission (where applicable the customer is responsible). ‘Temperature (with regard to distortion of alignment) Rigidity (taking:into.account high.wind velocity) Corrosion Possibility of damage-from lightning (BS 6651 refers). 523 Cameras ‘Cameras should be mounted in serviceable positions, free from obstructions, and wherever possible not directly viewing bright light sources. Wired connections should, wherever possible, be concealed. Mechanical protection should be considered e.g. metal conduit or flexible conduit on movable cameras, where physical damage is a possibility. Cameras should be specified to take account of the following points: - Video output should be 625 line CCIR standard when used in the UK. - The signal to noise ratio should be greater than 43dB, under normal conditions of operating. - The minimum scene illumination required should be quoted in Lux for a full video output, assuming 75% scene reflection. The Jens mountishould:be-compatible with the required lens. Black level clamp and white clipper circuits. - Auto iris output on fixed sensitivity cameras where light level may vary. - Cameras to be clearly marked with their operating voltage. The environmental conditions in which a camera is to operate should be taken into account. . ‘The cameia and its support hardware should be securely mounted and where necessary safety chains (or similar) should be used during installation. BSIA CoP No 109 - Issue 2 - OCT 1991 Page 9 of 195.24 Lenses . Lenses should be specified to take account of the following points: + The lens mount should match that of the camera and be securely mounted. - The lens angle should be selected to give the required ‘field of view’. - It is recommended that the lens has an adjustable iris control. - Itis recommended that lenses used on cameras subject to wide variations of light levels are fitted with a motorised iris, such that the iris function.is. automatic... - Where necessary, a neutral density-filter should be incorporated. The manufacturer's recommendatiorts should be followed and consideration should be given to the available light level. 525 Camera Positioning Equipment Mechanisms should be specified to take account of the following points: - The maximum required pan and tilt rotation in degrees. - The required rotational speed (normally 6 degrees per sec for pan and 3 or 4 degrees per sec for tilt). - The maximum carried load, and the rigidity, taking into account high wind velocity. - Itis recommended that in the interests of safety extra low voltage mechanisms are considered. ‘The manufacturer's:recommendations:should be followed and consideration:should be.given:to the method of mounting and possible requirements for safety restraining chains (or similar). 526 Cabling The requirements of the "Regulations for the Electrical Equipment of Buildings" issued by the Institution of Electrical Engineers, using the current edition. at the time of installation, should be met. Alll interconnecting cables should be fixed and supported and installed to conform to good working practices. Suitable fixings and supports can include: - Conduit: when metal is used suitable bushes or grommets should be fixed to each end to prevent damage to the cable. When conduit is BSIA CoP No 109 - Issue 2 - OCT 1991 Page 10 of 19,‘used to carry the.cable it must terminate as close.as possible to:the unit to: be connectéd. - PVC or metal trunking: where trunking is used to carry the cable it should terminate as close as possible to the unit to be connected. - Insulated clips. - Cable ties. When overhead catenary wires with loop holders or plastic buckles are used the supporting wire should be securely attached to the building. All cables should be of the type and size appropriate to the application and should take.account:of.transmission rate, electrical interference and voltage drop. 527 Transmission System The selected system should have an input and output impedance to match that of the connection equipment, this normally being 75 ohms. A transmission system should be specified to operate over the required transmission distance, whilst fully taking into account the possible adverse effects of environmental conditions on signal loss. Manufacturer's recommendations for minimum bend radius of coaxial and fibre optic cables should be observed. Jointing and termination of coaxial and fibre optic cables should be by recognised video and fibre optic connectors or junction boxes. Alignment and mounting of ‘through air’ systems is often critical and consideration should be given to the method of alignment and the rigidity of the mounting. 5.27.1 Coaxial cable The cable should have an impedance to match that of the equipment used (normally 75 ohms). The cable size should permit the fitment of standard video connectors e.g. BNC and UHF. The cable specified should be suitable for video transmission and for the environmental conditions. » Long cable runs may require the use of video amplification and correction equipment, and manufacturer's recommendations should be followed. As a general guide the table below gives the recommended maximum cable length for some common types of cable before correction equipment may be required. : « BSIA CoP No 109 - Issue 2 - OCT 1991 Page 11 of 19Cabletype - BS Specification. . RG equivalent Max length.(m) URM70* BS 2316 250 csi Type 370 BS 5425 Low loss RG 59 350 CT 100 Type 445 BS 5425 Low lossRG6 450 cr 125 Type 550 BS 5425 525 cr 167 Type 725 BS 5425 Low loss RG 11 700 * Stranded inner conductor for use where a coaxial cable is subject to repetitive flexing. 5.2.7.2 Twisted pair cable It is recommendedsthatthe:systemuses a standard twisted pair cable e.g. 120-150 chm-balanced: pair, and this will normally require video correction equipment. 5.2.7.3 Microwave links/Radio frequency equipment Where applicable, systems should have the relevant Department of Trade and Industry approval, and where necessary relevant licences should be obtained. Correct alignment and mounting of the transmitting and receiving devices is essential, and consideration should be given to the method of alignment provided and the rigidity of the mounting. 5.2.74 Infra-red/Laser equipment Some infra-red and laser devices can damage the eye. In such cases suitable warning labels should be fitted and, where necessary, precautions taken. Correct alignment and mounting of the transmitting and receiving devices is essential, and consideration should be given to the method of alignment provided and the rigidity of the mounting. 5.2.7.5 Fibre optic cable The system should be specified to operate on the most commonly available types of cable e.g. 50/125 multi-mode fibre, 8/125 mono-mode fibre, or 200 pes fibre. It is recommended that the selected system uses the most common types of fibre optic connections. The system should have sufficient automatic gain to allow for the transmission distance, maximum termination loss, temperature » Variations, and the assumption that there will be at least three breaks in the cable during the life of the system. . BSIA CoP No 109 - Issue 2 - OCT 1991 Page 12 of 1952.76: slow. Where applicable systems and connecting equipment such as autodiallers, barrier boxes etc. should have the relevant B.A.B.T. approval 5.2.8 Monitors Composite video inputs should provide for 75 ohm termination. Where applicable monitors should comply with the CCIR standard for the UK. Recommended viewing distances are: itor siz Distance (9°) 230mm 0.34-1m (9") 310mm. 1 -2m (14") 390mm 2 -3m (Q20")510mm 3 -5m (24) 610mm 57m Consideration should be given to the effects of ambient lighting e.g. glare or reflections. 529 Control Equipment and Processing When selecting and installing control equipment consideration should be given to the protection against unauthorised interference with the system, physical security and supervision. 5.2.10 Power Supplies The power source should be selected to meet the largest load likely to be placed upon it under normal operating conditions. Consideration should be given to different phases of the mains supply connected to equipment., System power.supplies.should be.installed so as to avoid unauthorised tampering where applicable. All the mains voltage connections should be in accordance with the current IEE regulations. COMMISSIONING, HANDOVER AND DOCUMENTATION 61 Commissioning » Ensure that system: 2 is installed in accordance with the agreed specification. - conforms to the relevant British Standards and this code.of practice. BSIA CoP No 109 - Issue 2 - OCT 1991 Page 13 of 19,- conforms to the-current wiring regulations of the IEE. All tests should be carried out in accordance with documented work instructions. 6.2 Handover At handover, the installing company should: - Demonstrate all aspects of the system operation to the customer, including any necessary safety precautions. - Ensure that.the.correct:documentation (see 6.3) is given to the customer.to enable the.system to. be operated, adjusted and maintained. Train the system user(s) in its correct operation and arrange for any future necessary training. - - Ensure that users know the procedure for summoning assistance in the event of system malfunction. 63 Documentation Upon completion of installation of the CCTV system there should be a system record, which may be the 'as fitted’ specification, but which should include the following: - The name, address and telephone number of the controlled premises. - The name, address and telephone number of the customer. + The type and location of all equipment. - The area to.be viewed. by.each camera. The system record should be agreed with, and authorised by, the customer and a copy provided to the customer. NOTE 1: Some of the information required for the system record may be provided ; by means of a diagram of the installed system. NOTE 2: All documentation referring to a system should be kept in a place access to which is restricted to authorised persons. BSIA CoP No 109 - Issue 2 - OCT 1991 Page 14 of 19,2. 71 MAINTENANCE General It is advisable that maintenance should be carried out by the installing company but, whatever arrangements are made, the maintenance company should have the means, including spare parts and documentation, to meet all of the recommendations given in this clause. NOTE: This recommendation does not place an obligation upon customers who purchase their systems. to have them maintained by the installing company; maintenance is a matter of agreement ~-between.the.customer.and.the installing company or a separate maintenance company. The preservation of security within the maintenance company is of paramount importance and steps should be taken to ensure the safe custody of all equipment and documentation pertaining to installations. A maintenance company should ensure that adequate vetting of employees is carried out and that all employees carry identification cards which should include a photograph and signature of the bearer, the company's name and a date of expiry (maximum of 2 years). Each service technician employed by the maintenance company should carry a range of tools, test equipment and other equipment to enable him to perform his functions satisfactorily. Specialist tools, test equipment and plant should be available for deeper investigation as necessary. NOTE: ” Disconnections should be recorded on a maintenance record and authorised by the client or his representative. The maintenance company's organisation should be so staffed as to ensure that the.recommendations.of:this Code of Practice can be met at all times.. The.following:factors.should be taken into consideration: - the number of installations to be serviced; - the complexity of the installations; -. the geographical ‘spread of the installations in relation to the location . of the maintenance company, its branches and its service personnel; - the method of calling out service personnel outside normal office hours, where applicable.” Service personnel should be adequately trained ahd training should be updated whenever appropriate. BSIA CoP No 109 - Issue 2 - OCT 1981 Page 15 of 19,7.2 Preventative Maintenance 7.21 Frequency of Visits Preventative Maintenance - Level 1 visits to the premises should be made by a representative of the maintenance company during or before the twelfth calendar month following the month of commissioning or of the previous preventative maintenance visi Preventative Maintenance - Level 2 visits may be carried out at the same time as a Level 1 visit or at less frequent intervals, dependent on the agreement between the customer and the maintenance company. 722 Inspection During each:Level 1..visit, inspection. of the following, with all necessary tests; and those rectifications which are practical at the time, should be carried out: Control Room : Check the picture quality of each camera and monitor. Look for signs of condensation on windows and limiting of picture highlights. = Check all camera functions for each station e.g. pan, tilt, zoom, focus, iris, auto-pan, wiper etc. - Check camera/monitor combination selection. - check the operation of recorder (5). - check the operation of special equipment such as video multiplexers, date and time. generators: - Check any interfaces with alarms e.g. movement alarms, fences etc. = ‘Check that all indicator lamps function correctly. Distribution - Check that camera movement and field of view is free from obstruction. - Check that warning labels are in place. - Check that indicator lamps are working. - Request that customer checks the operation of supplementary lights, e including IR, at night. Leave a form and request that any faults are reported. BSIA CoP No 109 - Issue 2 - OCT 1991 Page 16 of 19During each Level 2..visityinspection of the following, with all necessary tests, and those rectifications which are practical at the time, should be carried out: - Carry out all functional maintenance checks. - Check that external, flexible cables are properly supported and undamaged. - Examine towers and brackets for signs of corrosion and damage. - Lower towers and check cable for fraying. Grease the mechanism. - Check all:glands.and seals.on external equipment. = Check all external and internal flexible wiring for signs of wear and fraying. G Check all fixed and flexible conduit for signs of damage. - Remove covers and housings and clean interiors where necessary. - Check the function and wear of wiper blades and washers. - Check the function of heaters. = Check the function of supplementary lighting, including IR, and photocells. NOTE: _ It is recommended that all lights/lamps should be replaced during this visit. + ‘Check the integrity of all supports, including cables. Those items:of:inspection-and- rectification which are not carried out during the preventative maintenance visit should be completed within an agreed period. Those parts of a system or any environmental conditions found during preventative maintenance which could reduce the effectiveness of the system should be identified on the maintenance visit record (see 8.4). 73 Corrective Maintenance Where specified in the contract the client should be kept informed of the address and telephone number of the maintenance company's corrective maintenance facility. The facility should be so located and organised that, except under BSIA CoP No 109 - Issue 2 - OCT 1991 Page 17 of 1981 82 83 84 85 abnorimal circumstances;:the: maintenance-company's representative > should reach the controlled premises within the period agreed to in writing by the client. RECORDS General The maintenance company: should. establish, retain. and maintain a system Of records relating to the system including the information required by 8.2 to-8.5.. It is essential. that these records be protected from unauthorised access. NOTE:’ -.Attention:is:drawn to the Data Protection Act, 1984 in. those cases where records contain information concerning individuals. System record (see 6.3) This should be kept up to date and should be available to the maintenance technician as required. Historical Record A historical record with the date of every visit, any faults found and the action taken should be kept. Details of every fault reported to the maintenance company should be included, together with details of any action taken, and, if known, the cause. This.information should-be kept for at least 2 years after the last event to which it refers. Preventative Maintenance Record The results.of.a.preventative maintenance inspection. should be.entered on a maintenance:visit record-and: the-signature of the client or his representative obtained-on the-recordA: copy of the record should be given to the client. This information should be kept for at least 15 months after the inspection to which it refers. Corrective Maintenance Record There should be a record of the date and time of receipt of each request for service, together with the date and time of completion of corrective maintenance and the necessary action(s) carried out. + This information should be kept for at least 2 years after the call to which BSIA it refers. The results of a corrective maintenance inspection should be entered.on a corrective maintenance visit record and the signature of the client or his Tepresentative obtained on the record. A copy of the record should be CoP No 108 - Issue 2 - OCT 1991 Page 18 of 19given to the client. This information should be kept for at least 15 months after the inspection to which it refers. NOTE: Ifa preventative maintenance inspection is made at the same time as the corrective maintenance visit, separate visit records should be completed. REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS BS 5490 Specification for the classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosures. BS 6651 Protection of structures against lightning, BS 8220 Guide for security:of buildings. against crime: Part 1 - Dwellings Part 2- Offices and shops Part 3 - Warehouses and Distribution ‘Please note: =‘ Section 5.2.1: references made to BS5490 this British Standard has been withdrawn and replaced by BS EN 60529: 1992 BSIA CoP No 109 - Issue 2 - OCT 1991 Page 19 of 19THE BRITISH SECURITY INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION For further information please contact: 4 BSIA, Security House, Barbourne Road, Worcester WR1 1RS Tel: 01905 21464 Fax: 01905 613625