D VA N NOSTRAND C OMPANY INC

.
, .

Al x d S P i
1 20 N w J ey
e an er t .
, r n cet on , e ers

2 57 F h A v e e N
ou r t w Y k N e w Y k nu , e or I O, or

5 H 2ll i g Rd T 6
o C d n er .
, or o n t o 1 , an a a

M ac mi ll an 8: C L d S M
o .
, in S L d W C E gl nd
t .
, t . ar t
’
s t .
, on on, . . 2, n a

A ll n de n c e s h o u ld be addr e s s e d t o t he
c or r e s
p o

p i
r nc i p al o fi
‘
i c e o f t he c o mp a ny at Pr i n c e t o n , N I . .

YRIG T 95 6 C OP H , 1 BY

D . VAN NO STRAND C OMPANY ,

I NC .

Pu bli h d im l s e s u tan eo u s ly i n C an a d by a

D . VAN N STRAND O C OM P ANY ( C an a d) L a , TD.

Li b y r ar o f C o n g r ess C a t a o g C ar l dN o .
5 6—8
39 2

A ll R i g h t s Re s e r ve d

T h is b oo k , or any p ar t s t h er e o f m ay n ot b e ,

r e pr o d u c e d in an y f or m wi t h o u t wr i t t e n per
mi s si o n t he a u t h or s a nd t he p u b li s h er s .

P R I N TE D I N THE U N I T E D STA T E S OF A ER I CA
M
F O RE WO R D

T IS N OT E SS ENT I A L
li v e in a desert c untry to enj y to o o

the cacti the m st bizarre f desert plants that G d

—
o o o

created Far m re people cultiv te h c tus in temper e climes than is

. o a t e ac at

imagi ed The plants hold a cer ain f cinati n ;f s m e it is the strange

n . t as o or o

shapes the c cti assume ;f thers it i the delic e be uty of the exquisite
a or o s at a

flowers ;and f still t hers it is the e se with which they can be gr wn in

or o a o

the home Mo t f us are b rn l ve c c i but nce the bug bi es us

. s o not o to o a t ,
o t

i t sting u ually lasts f

s s ll time or a .

I was born f from any desert regi n ;but when my fath er first brought
ar o

home a g lden spined b rrel c ctus a craving f more of its kind p ssessed
o a a , or o

me It left an indelible mark in my he rt It was until 9 7 h wever

. a . not 1 2 , o ,

t hat I realized what part cactus pl nts would play in my later life and a

what enj yment they w uld bring me It was then that I started working in
o o .

the fam us M i ss uri Bot nic l G rden where a fine collection f cacti w
o o a a a o as

maintained I w given an pp rtunity w rk with the pl nts under my

. as o o to o a

father s tutelage S n I was making cuttings pr pag ting by seed and

’
. oo ,
o a ,

even grafting the plants .

The desire learn more led me to read books on the subject but there
to ,

iii
iv F OR E W OR D
weren t too many b ks written in E nglish ab ut them Diligently I made
’
oo o .

my w bser v ati ns jotted down n tes acquired a camera to record the

o n o o ,
o ,

habits and fl wering f h e cacti and even devi ed fr m the usual methods
o o t , at o

of gr wing these biz rre plants just to how they w uld resp nd In order
o a see o o .

to be wi h the plants day and night I utilized every avail ble wind w in our
t , a o

m de t h me for growing them I als beg n vi iting ther c llecti ns made

o s o . o a s o o o ,

trips the n tive h unts of the cacti and m de friends with all the m
to a a ,
a co

m i l de lers thr ugh ut the c untry

erc a a o o o .

This bo k m de t in sc pe as it must be hen is written with the h pe

o , o s o , t , o

that it will bring s me inf rmation to the reader who will aspire to b or
o o e,

already is a cactus fan It is imp ssible to cram int these pages everything
,
. o o

th t has been learned about cactus plants whether culturally or tax

a , o

no m i lly for there are nearly w th usand species listed and v ri us

ca , t o o a o

specialists h ve their own ideas b ut h w gr w them and as to what

a a o o to o

names sh uld be ascribed to t hem This b k I hope will tell in simple style
o . oo , ,

the fundamental prin ciples that are t be f ll wed in rde t grow success o o o o r o

fully and enjoy as I earlier s id the m st biz rre plants that G d created
, a ,
o a o .
”

LA DIS L U S C U
A T AK

Mi s s o u r i Bot a n i c al Gar de n
C ON T E N T S

F rew rd iii
o o

W HAT I S A C A C TUS ? 1

VARI E TI E S OF C A C TI 7
Hedgeh gs d B rrel C acti 9
o an a

Pincushi n C acti 4 o 1

Night bl ming C ereus 9

-
oo 2

J ungle C cti 4 6 a

C AR E OF C A C TI AND DI SE A SE S

W tering 68
a

R es ing 7
t o

S ils
o d Fer ilizers 7
an t 1

Inse ts 7c 2

C omm n Diseases 8o 2

USE S OF C A C TI 85
D es e r t ar i u m s 85
Dish Gardens 9
,

N v elty C nt iners
o o a
94
Bu n G rdens 95
tto a

C cti Arr gements

a an
96
C cti Outdoors 97
a
 CO NTE NTS
PROPAGATION OF C AC TI
Fr m Seed
o 1 00

Fr m C uttings 8
o 10

By Grafting 111

INTE RE ST IN C A C TI 11
9

Bibli graphy
o 1 29

Index 1 35
L I S T OF I L L U S T R A T I O N S

Drawings of C acti 3
Prominent C haract rs in P r ski Op ti an d C ereus
e e e a, un a,

Tribes 5
Miscell neous C acti
a 11

Pincushi n C acti 9
o 1

Night bl oming C ereus 35

-
o

Jungle C acti 5 2

Mealybugs Infesting an E p i p h yl m 74 u

Scale Insect Infesting an Opunti a Joint 77

Aphids Feeding Pereski a 78 on

AD i m 85
e s e r t ar u

Novelty Arr ngements for C acti 93

a

M aterial and Procedure for Seed Propagati on 1 01

J ungle C acti C Be R ted in Water 3

an oo 10

Seedin gs Spr uting i Fruit of Ferocactus

, o 3 n 10

Pr pagati n C uttings 9
o o —
10

Green Fruits f Opu tia Are C apable of Producing Roots

o n ,

Stems and Fl wers

, o 1 12

The Flat Graft 5 11

The C left Graft 5 11

C H APTE '
R I

WH A T I S A CA C T U S?

perh ps the dde t d m st whimsical of

ARE a o s an o

ll plants The w rd C is f Greek rigin and

a . o ac t u s o o

was pplied a spiny plant f the ancient Hellenic lands Linnaeus the
a to o .
,

father f systema ic b ny first est blished the name to include the few
o t ot a , a

species f the family then kn wn to science There are w kinds f c cti

o o . t o o a

— th se inhabiting desert regions d th se living in the jungles The

o an o .

curi us and varied forms f the desert kind th result f a frug l diet
o o ar e e o a

which the arid sun scorched desert o ff ers to such pl nts t hat tend to live
,
-
a

in it With ut a d ubt these are the best examples f d sert pl nt d pt

. o o , o e a a a a

tion On the ther h nd the jungle kind are less qu int in appe rance
. o a , a a ,

and these usu lly epiphytic in habit Furtherm re they are m stly
a ar e . o , o

spineless when they do p ssess spines these organs are inconspicuous

or , o ,

unlike the spiny rmament f the desert cacti

a o .

The succulent spurges of the Afric n desert mimic the desert c cti but
“

a s a ,

e ven these Afric n pl nts c nn t b st such utterly fan astic sh pes as

a a a o oa t a

prev il in the cactus family which is c nsidered in i entirety All

a , o ts as

Ameri n F Br bdingn gi n pr p rti ns and Lilliputian dimensi ns

ca . or o a a o o o o ,

f
or fantasti c shapes d grote que f rms the cacti have no equals Out
an s o , .
2 AC TUS GUI DE C

o f these very f rbidding bstin te cactus bodies spring surprisingly beau

o , o a

tiful fl wer in shades f yell w sc rlet r se crims n purple violet and

o s o o , a , o , o , , ,

blue In the c se f the night bl ming kinds the bl ssoms are ften
. a o -
oo , o o

w xy white s metimes delicately fl d with pink or lightly tinged

a , o su use

wi h green br nze
t or o .

E ven though the jungle cacti do not look nythin g like our popular a

c ncepti n f typical cactus they d p ss ss characteristics which readily

o o o ,
o o e

identify them as members of the cactus family To be a cactus a plant .

,

must possess several distinguishing features f und in other plant no t o

families A c ctus can be defined as a p rennial pl nt wi t h various de

. a e a

grees of succulency in its stem mostly spiny char cterized by specialized , ,

a

o rgans kn wn as l d in additi n must possess certain m di fi

o a r e o es an ,
o , o ca

tions in the flower and fr it structures all f which will be defined u —

o

briefly and simply for a better understanding .

In order f a plant to be a cactus it first must be dic tyled n us mea

or o o o ,
n

ing that it produces two seed leaves up n germinati n ;second it must o o ,

be perenni l meaning that it lives year after year ;third it must possess
a , ,

areoles which as the n me implies are small areas marked out upon
, ,
a ,

the surface of a joint and sp ced in regular or irregular fashi n ;fourth a o ,

it has have an inferi r vary meaning that the sepals d petals are
to o o ,
an

inserted above the ovary;and fifth t h fruit is a berry with all the seeds ,
e ,

encl sed in one compartment d

o divided into sections in the an no t as

or nge a .

The most distinguishing feature f the cactus is the areole which c rre o o

s p donto nodes on
s other plants from which leaves br nches and flowers , a ,

emerge Are les are usually round and consist of two buds ;but t hey can
. o

be f other shapes from minute to fairly large The pair of buds are
o ,
.

o ften set cl se t ge her or superimposed but s metimes as in M m mi l

o o t , o , a

lari f the buds will be f und in the axil f the tubercle and the
a, o n e o o o

o ther will be loc ted at the tip of it Usually the areoles filled with
a . ar e

felt w l bristles hair or spines ;occasi nally they are n ked

, oo , , ,
o a .

The f scin ting C actus f mily is best divided int three dis t in ct gr ups
a a a o o

known as tribes which are subdivided into subtribes genera subgener

, , ,
a,

species and varieties The members f each divisi n have not only h
,
. o o t e

characteristics of the family but they also have ther features in common , o

which set them apart fr m the rest of the family A truly studious t h o .
, en u
4 A C T U S G U I D E C

i i cactus gr wer can in time le rn to distinguish the m ny f rms

s as t c o , , a a o

c nt ined in h f mily but i will

o a t lw y be an e sy task Frui d
e a , t no t a a s a . t an

fl r l h r c er pl y an i m p rt n r le in cl sifi i n since the e rg ns

o a c a a t s a o a t o as c at o s o a

ar e less likely change than the veget tive p rti nsto a o o .

The m gnifi ent pus by Britton and R se w h g ve a f ur v lume

a c o o , o a us o -
o

treatise the C ctus family in the E ngli h l ngu ge thirty ye rs ago

on a s a a a ,

has tirred up quite a c ntr versy in recent ye rs but their piece f w rk

s o o a , o o

is still hailed as the C actus Bible by b t nist and m ateur alike Their o a a .

public ti n T h Ca o is w being altered revi ed and t rn

,
e ac t ac e ae , no ,
s , o to

pieces by present day tax n mists in the light f new disc veries and
-
o o o o re

search but it still rem ins h basis f cl ssificati n f th is rem rkable

, a t e or a o o a

f mily
a .

F nvenience Britt n d Rose divided the C ctus fam ily int three
or co , o an a o

m j r gr ups tribe E ch f the e tribes has s mething th neither

a o o or s . a o s o at

o f the ther w gr up has This is the first step undert ken f

o t o the
o s . a or

better underst nding f the diverse family a o .

The first f the three tribes univer lly rec gnized is

o sa o PE RE SK I E AE or

Pere kia tribe Member f this gr up are as umed be the m st primi

s . s o o s to o

tive f the cacti For the m st part they are w dy d leafy trees shrubs
o . o oo an , ,

an d vines which d re emble in the le st y c ctus of im gin

o not s a an a our a a

ti n Ma y f the arb rescent Pereskias might easily be mistaken f

o . n o o or

lem n or pple trees H wever since they bear are les fr m which spines
o a . o ,
o o ,

br nches d lea ves rise they are t c cti and n thing else All the
a ,
an a ,
r ue a o .

Pereski s bear le ves l rge leaves be sure which persist the pl nt

a a —
a to —
on a

a ll ye r r und e x cept th e h t bec me decidu us in the d rm nt seas n

a o os t a o o o a o .

N o other cactus tribe bo st this feature The f liage of Pereski s is c an a . o a

m stly
o l deciduous perm nent d theref re this group
n o n s u cc u e n t , ,
or a , an o

sh uld be easily rec gniz ble by even the ne phyte In additi n the
o o a o . o ,

fl wers f the Pere kias

o o stalked d ften gr w in clusters In the s ar e an o o .

o ther w tribes the fl wers are sessile which means hat they are with ut
t o o , t o

a f tstalk f y kind
oo o an .

The sec nd tribe o best displays the ev lutionary trend fr m

, O P U N I I E AE
’ ’

,
o o

the preceding group which can very easily be f ll wed in its eight or o o

nine genera Gl chids are the distinguishing fe ture f h sec nd tribe

. o a o t e o .

These are tiny barbed bri tles which fill the are les and cause much s o so

disc mf rt to the pers n h ndling the pl nts These gl chids bundles

o o o a a . o or
6 ACTUS GUIDE C

o f ti ny spines are easily disl dged from the plant but withdrawn with o

diffi culty fr m flesh d clothi ng c ming in contact with them Members

o an o .

o f the Opuntia tribe bear minute le ves which s n fall However the a oo .
,

gl chids
o the importa t character to look for to separate this tribe
ar e n

from the other two .

The third trib is the largest of the three It is most c mplex

e , C E RE E AE , . o

in its entirety and the plants r nge from the dwarf to the gig ntic There
,
a a .

ar e n o gl chids in h are les of the C ereus tribe leaves ( except in the

o t e o , no

cotyled nary stage ) and no sheat hed or barbed spines The fl wers as a
o , . o ,

rule possess definite tubes M re than one hundred genera are included
,
. o

in this tribe and possibly over a th usa d species The showiest and most o n .

brilliantly c l red fl wers gr w fr m the highly succulent stems M any

o o o o o .

bl m for nly a few days some for only

oo o night and a few for an , o ne ,

hour or w M st of the members of the C ereus tribe can also be easily

t o . o

rec gnized by t h more less pr minent ribs which the ther t w tribes
o e or o o o

never display .

The above tribes are divided in still smaller groups referred as genera to ,

and each genus is c mp sed f individuals designated as species To o o o .

define satisfact rily all the genera in a technical w y w uld ent il m ny

o a o a a

pages of exp unding and really w uld serve no useful purp se in thi
o o o s

bo k so it seems wiser to refer the matter t a number f excellent m n

o ,
o o o o

graphs written h classific i n f cacti in the E nglish langu ge I

on t e at o o a .

might add that cactus tax n my has been underg ing lterati n and revi o o o a o

si n since Britt n d R ose published their C

o o due d ubt
an a c t ac e ae , no o , to

new light being shed extensive research d to new disc veries ;but on an o

the fact als remains that tax n mists d not always agree on the same
o o o o

names If the reader wishes be further enlightened genera and

. to on

species please refer the foll wing m n graphs

,
to o o o :

T h e C ac t ac e a e by N L Britton and J N R se 9 9 9 3 C arnegie I

, . . . . o , 1 1 - 1 2 . n

i i f Washingt n Publicati n No 48
s t t u t on o o o . 2 .

Cac t ac e ae by W Taylor Marshall and Th r Methven Bock 94

, . o , 1 1 .

The M m m ill i H d b k by R bert T C raig 945

a ar a an oo , o .
, 1 .

Cac t i by J Borg 937 Revised E dition 95

, .
, 1 .
, 1 1 .
C H A P T E R II

VA R I E T I E S OF C A C T I

HERE
nearly two th usand species and varieties
T
ARE o

f cactus plants but it w uld be impossible to de

o , o

scribe ll f them even briefly in a bo k f this size I will attempt

a o , , o o . to

acquaint y with as many of t h night bl ming kinds as possible as

ou e -
oo ,

well the fascinating pincushions and th epiphytic types but there are
as e ,

several t her interesting gr ups which demand attention in order t

o o o

r und t a ne r c mplete survey of the family

I

o ou a o .

The Pereskia c nsidered to be the m st primitive of cacti generally

s, o o ,

are t cultivated to a great xtent because they demand lots of ro m

no e o

for pr per devel pment since they are vig r us bushes trees and vines
o o o o , ,
.

However some species sh uld be cultivated because they are ornamental

, o

as well as useful f grafting stock Zygocactus Schlumbergera and R h ip

or .
, ,

salis are most ideal t graft on Pereskias Also the long spines pr duced
o . o

on cert in Pereskias are excellent for holding graft in place P reskias

a s . e

fl wer readily even on small cuttings

o .

The Pereskia gr up is the nly cactus group bearing p rmanent f liage

o o e o .

In s me cases the leaves dr p ff during the peri d of rest Pr bably the

o , o o o . o

oldest species i n cultivation is P ki l t climbing or rampa t

er es a acu e a a , a n

7
8 AC TUS GUI DE C

shrub m t frequently empl yed in grafting The bl s ms are pr duced

os o . os o o

in large clusters and str ngly lem n cented P ki h pr b

ar e o o -
s . er es a s ac ar os a o !

ably bear the l rgest flower which in f rm and c l r l k like big

s a ,
o o o oo s a

single r se The best in my estim ti n f p culture is P ki

o .
, a o , or ot er e s a c or r u

g at aIts f
. li ge is bright ogreen crinkled
a in ppearance and pr du es , a ,
o c

rich c rlet r nge bl s m at the tips of the branches It is a c llec

s a —
o a os o s . o tor s
’

item present but sever l C lif ni nur eries h ve it in st ck d it

at ,
a a or a s a o an

should be available the tr de s n C u tings will r t even in w ter to a oo . t oo a .

All Pereskias are easy gr w d require m re water th n the true to o an o a

de ert kinds
s .

The Opuntia gr up i intere ting and few species regul rly u ed o s s a ar e a s

in dish g dening H wever this gr up be r gl hids ( tiny cu hi n f

ar . o , o a s oc s o s o

spines ) in the a e les d impr per h ndling of the pl nts may cau e di
r o ,
an o a a s s

c mf rt a pers n F this rea n I usually d t rec mmend the e

o o to o . or so o no o s

pl nt f the beginner Yet I must admit that a number f species

a s or .
,
o ar e

v ery tr tive d less likely irrit te skin As a precauti n h ndle

at ac an to a . o , a

the e pl n s with a p ir f tweezers ice t ngs

s a t a o or o .

The b e t kn wn members in this gr up are the Opunti s whi h be

s o o a , c c an

di v ided int the Pri kly Pears d the C h ll s Pri kly Pe r

o c di in an o a . c a s ar e st

g i h
u s d by their
e p d like j int d m stly edible fruit ;thea C h ll
-
by o s an o s o as

cylindri l tems and dry fruit The l tter are ften arb re ent and heir
ca s . a o o sc ,
t

w dy kele ns are s ugh by n v elty seekers be used in m king c u

oo s to o t o to a ac t s

w d furniture pi ture frames pl nt c ntainers etc All the Opunti s

oo , c , a o ,
. a

ar e f irly e sy gr w E ch j int p rti n f j int f lling the

a a to o . a o or o o o a o a to

g und rikes r t easily Keep Op untia

ro st the dry side espe i lly in
oo . s on , c a

the win er e n t s aso .

Only a few f the best pe ies will be men i ned f y ur nsider ti n

o s c t o or o co a o .

I like Op i b i li i very mu h It pr du e a tree like stem d

u nt a r as ens s c . o c s -
an

be r spre ding side br nche with r ther thin fl j ints The gl hid
a s a a s a at o . oc s

an d few sp ines tr uble m e Op i m ar e h i n the

not o so . u nt a o n ac a n t a s a o r

w th while specie e pe i lly the v rieg ted f rm which i be utifully

or s, s c a a a o s a

m bled in white yell w and even pink A ne r spineless spe ie i

ar ,
o ,
. a c s s

Op i l The pads are sm ll quite thi k and f an live green

u n t a e at a . a ,
c , o o -

c l r with fl wers f r nge hue The m st c mm n

o o o f o dishes d o a . o o o o ne or an

novelty c ntainers i Op i mi d y c lled Bunny E rs Velvet

o s u nt a cr o as s, a a or

C actus The small j ints are spineless but punctuated with pr minent
. o o
10 AC TUS GUIDE C

so named because f the ltern te z nes f white pink red br wn o a a o o , , , or o

spines that ver the plant E h i coi are ll N rth Ame ic n but they . c n o ce r e a o r a ,

have their unterparts in S uth Americ in the genus E chin p is m

co o a o s , co

m ly referred to as E ter Lily C actus Pl nts in this genus

on am ng as . a ar e o

the m st ti f ct ry bec u e they are easy gr w d h v e hands me

o sa s a o a s to o an a o

blo ms The gl bul r c lumnar stems are heavily ribbed d spined

o . o a to o an

in m st species and they pr duce an abund nce f ff ets pups over

o ,
o a o o s or
“ ”

the entire pl nt which can be e sily di l dged d gr wn individu lly

a a s o an o a .

The e pup are excellent f sp n gardens dish g rdens str wberry

s s or oo , a , a

jars and sm ll n velty containers

,
a o .

E hi p i E y i i i h
c no l ng been a f v rite with h me gardeners It is
s s r es as o a o o .

a gl bul r lm st cylindric l c ctus with pr minent deeply furr wed

o a to a o a a o , o

ribs Fl wers appe r the sides in late ftern n and are white trum pet
. o a on a oo ,

sh ped and ab ut ten inches l ng E hi p i m l i pl is a free fl wer

a , o o . c no s s u t ex o

ing species and highly desir ble because f its fragrant pink fl wers A a o ,
o .

dull green gl bul r c ctus with a much sh rter flower i E h i p i

,
o a a o s c no s s

K h i li
r a t oc fr m N rthern Argentina It i an excellent dwarf subject
u ana o o . s

for the kitchen wind w o .

C l sely allied t E chin cereu and E chin psis are R b t i

o o and Lobi o s o e u as

vias R b i are m tly small plants which resemble M mm ill rias ;

. e u t as os a a

and lth ugh they d not ff er any great diver ity f f rm they
,
a o o o s o o , ar e

excellent f wh h limited space I call them the T m Thumbs

or on e o as . o

of the c ctus W rld Their fl wers are sm ll r nging in c l r fr m deep

a o . o a ,
a o o o

red r nge and last for several d ys The L b i i

to o a ,
the other h nd a . o v as , o n a ,

are much l rger pl nts with larger fl wers There must be at least seventy
a a o .

or eighty species and m ny h rticultur l hybrids h latter more free a o a , t e

fl w i g and with finer shades of c l r The st ndard fl wer c lor is

o er n o o . a o o

red but yellow and white are als f und L b i i

,
has l vely yellow o o . o a a a u r ea
'

blossoms the order f E chin psis L b i i f m t i m i is one of h

on o o . o a a a a e ns s t e

finest fl wering ;and L b i i h h in appearance and h bit l oks

o o a a u as c a, a , o

m re like a T i h
o It bears b th g lden yell w and rich red
r c oc er e u s . o o o

bloss ms o .

One of the most popular of dwarf cacti i the Pe nut C actus Ch m s a ,

a ae

Sil
c er e u s t ii The j ints which are sm l l and
aes r . b ut the thickness f
o ,
a a o o

a peanut drop ff at the least t uch An bundance of red diurnal

, o o . a ,

flowers are produced on the stems During the gr wing peri d C ham e . o o a
12 AC TUS GUIDE C

cereus l ves frequent w tering Give the pla t full sun When grafted
o a . n .

ont a C reus it n p du es a gl b se he d f j ints

o e so o ro c o o a o o .

The f scin ingly inte e ting B rrel C ctus gr up ( E h i

a at t ) r s a a o c n oc ac an ae

c ntains pl nts with gl bul r type f stem whi h can be extremely

o a a o a o ,
c

large or d ecidedly sm ll sim ple clus ered and very spiny with ut a , or t , or o

an
y spines t all M any c lle r s items
a be f und. in this g up i o cto
’
c an o ro ,
n

cluding Living R ks Bi h p C p C hin C cti Silver d G lden Balls oc ,

s o a s, a , an o ,

an d Barrels name a few A i p fi ,

to is a curi us plant with . r o c ar us s s u r at u s o

h rny fi d triangul r tubercles rr nged in a r et e Gr wing

o ,
ssu re ,
a a a os t . o

a m ng r cks in its native Tex

o o d M e x ic it is indistinguish ble f m as an o, a ro

the surr unding st nes When the d inty pink fl wers ppe r in Augu t
o o . a o a a s

fr m am ng the h rny tubercles the pl nt liter lly bec mes a Living

o o o ,
a a o

R ck There are several ther species vail ble in the tr de A ki m

o . o a a a . zt e u

Rit i Ob g i D
t er , g i E p
re h l p on ab i li f m i and the
e ne few r , nce a oc ar us str o or s

species in genus S mb all be classed Living Rocks bec uset ro o c ac t u s c an as a

o f their mi micry .

The well kn wn Bish p C p A ph y m my i ig m sh uld be o o a ,

str o tu r os t a, o

in every c llecti n as it is e y gr w fl wers when small d needs

o o as to o , o ,
an

very little care It i entirely spineles the pl nt b dy st ne like in appe

. s s, a o ,
o -
ar

ance usually p s essing f ur or five very p minent br d ribs d

,
o s o ro oa an

densely d tted wi h white pecks The Sand D ll r A ph y m

o t i s . o a ,
str o tu as t er a s ,

h fl
as a dome haped b dy divided int eight br d r unded ribs e ch
at , -
s o o oa , o , a

one punctu ted by a w f sm ll white w lly are les and likewise is

a ro o a oo o ,

entirely spineless A phy m m s metimes c lled Star C actu

. str o tu o r n at u , o a s,

i an ther ddity be utifully fl k d with st r like silvery s ale All the

s o o a ec e a -
, c s .

A h
st ro
p y m require a p rtuu s ndy rscky s il rich in lime l ts f o o s a or o o , , o o

sunlight and frequent watering in the summer when they m ke their

,
a

best gr wth They must be kept m re less dry in winter

o . o or .

A curi sity is the Dumpling C actus L ph ph Wi lli m which

o , o o or a a su ,

should be in every c llecti n This is the f m ous Pey te f Mex ico used o o . a o o

in religi us iF l because f its n rc tic pr perties The plant has a

o r ua s o a o o .

l ng and thick tapro t and a round s ft spineless p divided int br ad

o o , o , to o o ,

fl ttened ribs which bear a series f low tubercles pr minent with tuft
a o o a

o f matted hairs It prefers lots f sunshine sandy s il and m derate

. o , o ,
o

w terings
a .

Gymn lyciums are ex tremely interesting cacti e sily gr wn and

oc a , a o
VA R I E T I E S O F C A C T I 3 1

ea ily fl wered They are all gl bul r pl nts h r cterized by a m re

s o . o a a c a a o or

le pr n unced pr tuber nce

ss o o h in bel w the are les hen e their o a or
“
c
”
o o —
c

co mm n n m e They l v e a m der tely ri h

o a . d p r us s il with plenty o o a c an o o o ,

o f w ter when gr wing and a sunny p i i n M re th n fifty pecies

a o ,
os t o . o a s

ar e rec gnized Gym ly i m M i h i h i i being a univers l f v rite

o ,
n oc a c u anoa c a a o .

It i a sm ll banded c tus with a hartreuse flower appe ring in spring

s a ac C a

and c ntinuing until f ll

o a .

N and M l
o t o c ac t u s p are m stly gl bular to sh rt cylindric
a acoc a r us o o o , ,

simple clu tered cacti th t bear their fl wer fr m the p d are

or s a o s o to an

freely pr duced They ll h ve fibr us r ts and

o . st nd n ider ble a a o oo c an a co s a

w ter during h um m er as l ng g d well dr ined il i supplied

a t e s o as oo ,
a so s .

The fl wers m s ly yell w

o r nge with a red stigma N
ar e o t o to o a . ot oc ac t u s

L i gh
en n i i i a very de ir ble spe ies bec u e the cylindric stem is
au s s s a c a s

thickly cl hed with s ft flex ible hair like g lden pines

ot o , ,
-
o s .

D n t verl k the P r di s They c n titute a very satisfact ry group

o
’
o oo a o a . o s o ,

c n i ing f m ll gl bul r pl nts that m e w h t resem ble M mmill ri s

o s st o s a o a a so a a a a

and f en brigh t pined The f irly l rge fl wers

o t ar e b rne the s . a a o ar e o on

new e le h ar op f the pl nt
s and
at are g ldent yell w e r nge
to red o a o o , o a ,

fiery sc rle gl y c m ine d e v en white P r di will d well in the

a t, oss ar , an . a o as o

wind w Like m t cacti they are m re likely be killed by kindness

o . os ,
o to

t han by neglect .

E hi f c l is a distinct genus c mpri ing r ther m ll pl nts

n o o s s u o c ac t u s o s a s a a

with num er u hin ften w vy ribs T h c mm n n me B in C ctus

o s t , o a , . e o o a ,
ra a ,

is ften pplied them Fl wers

o a quite pretty in v ri us sh des f
to . o ar e a o a o

pink yell w green white d blue They like be kept the dry
,
o , , , an . to on

side espe i lly in winter W ter when dry but never satur te them
, c a . a a .

Member f gene E chin c ctus

s o d Fer c ctus the true B rrel
ra o a an o a ar e a

C tus When y ung the pl nts are gl bul r but in g they bec me
ac . o ,
a o a , a e o

t ll and cylindric ften five m re feet high U ually they vici usly
a , o or o . s ar e o

a rmed wi h t ut spines f varied hue The best kn wn is the G lden

t s o o . o o

B ll E hi i i a m st beautiful species with g lden pines

'

a , G c n oc ac t u s r u s on , o o s

th t gli ten in the sun Seedling r very ttr ctive and the species i
a s . s a e a a , s

a l w gr wer specimens w f ur feet t ll and r und a b rrel m y

s o o —
t o to o a o as a a

be twen y fi hundred years ld F

t -
ve Wi li ii i pr b
t o o ne
t o . er oc ac u s s ze n s o

a bly the be t kn wn i its particular gr up S m etimes c lled Fishh k

s o n o . o a oo

C ctus it dots the landsc pe i n S uthern Ariz na and extends as far

a , a o o as
14 ACTUS GUIDE C

E l Pa Tex s M re th n thirty ther species are rec gnized d all

so , a . o a o o , an

are w rthy f cultiv ti n

o o a o .

The Turk s C p C ctu M l ’

i is a f the m t whim
a s, e oc ac t u s n t or t u s , on e o os

i l f all c cti The pl n b dy i mel n h ped and devel ps a cephal

s ca o a . a t o s o -
s a o

ium head at the p f the pl nt This p h li m i c vered with

or to o a . ce a u s o

bristles and hairs and pr duces tiny fl wers In M l i theo o . e ocac t u s n t or t u s

ce p h li m
a is s metimes
u as l ng as the plant
o b dy ;and since it resembles o o ,

a Turk s fez it receives its picture que name from it M l i are

’

,
s . e oc ac t

n tives f tr pic l regi ns f the West Indies Mexico C entr l America

a o o a o o , , a ,

and S uth America d h ve to be gr wn in full

o and kept m
an a o su n co

p t
ar ai ly dry
ve lest much w ter will, t rt a c nditi
t oo n a s a rot o o .

PINC USHION C AC TI
M AMM I LL A I AS R

To m ny am teur cactus fans the M mmillarias are pr b bly the

a a , a o a

d rlings f the wh le cactus family Its mem bers are f the m st part
a o o .
, or o ,

small plants with simple ften clustered cylindrical to gl bular b dies or o o o ,

c nspicu usly covered with numerous m mmillae or nipples fr m whence

o o a ,
o

the generic name is derived These nipples or tub rcles are c pped with . e a

are les from which spring f rth delicate str ng spines f v ri us sizes
o o or o o a o .

The fl wers h wever d t arise fr m the re le pr per but rather

o , o ,
o no o a o o ar e

b rne fr m the usu lly hairy w lly xils f the ld tub rcles near the
o o a or oo a o o e

t p
o f the pl nts The fl wers c mparatively small
o a d m re
. less bell o ,
o an o or

sh ped make up f their diminutive size by being pr duced in bun

a , or o a

dance in the form f d zzling cr wns in red pink white yellow and
o a o , , , ,

purple The beauty f the pl nts is further enhanced by the colorful

. o a

clavate fruits which in s me species appear at the same tim as the

,
o e

fl wers
o .

The genus Mammillari is pred minantly Mexican where at least two a o ,

hundred species have been di c vered and where perh ps many m re s o a o

ar e yet be l c ted In mo t inst nces they prefer the m re arid secti ns

to o a . s a o o ,

but occa ionally they are f und thriving in the damper clim te f l wer
s o a s o o

altitudes Alth ugh terrestrial in h bit

. rare ccasi ns they m y fi nd
o a ,
on o o a

ab de in trees better still in crevices f precipit us cany n w lls In

o or o o o a .

O xaca I sp tted pincushion c cti gr wing in the middle f clumping

a o a o o
VA R I E T I E S O F C A C T I 5 1

o rchi ds r ck f ces The di ribu i n f M mmillarias extends f

on o a . st t o o a as ar

n rth Okl h m a New M exic Ariz n and C lif rnia and far
o as a o , o, o a, a o as

s u h C l m bi and V enezuel in S uth Am eric The p cies are

o t as o o a a o a . s e

scarce in h West Indie C en ral Americ d c astal islands

t e s, t a, an o .

Alth ugh Mammill ri gr w v er m f Mex ic h m st

o ap i as o o ost o o, t e o con s cu

ou s m s es in evidence are in h centr l pl eau region Beauti ful clusters

a s t e a at .

of M m m i ll i
a mp be v iewed in the neighb rh d of I m i
ar a c o r e s s a c an o oo x

q p i
u l Zi m pan
an , and Act pan not
a far from the
,
highway This i n ot o . s

th e o nly c mm n species in evidence ;there are d zens f o t hers produc

o o o o

ing clusters f m ny heads A second dis ributi nal area i l ated in

o a . t o s oc

n r hwest Mexico parti cul rly in S nora and C h i h u hu where scores

o t ,
a o a a,

of pincushi ns dot t h m untain us terrai n It i here h t m ny m re

o e o o . s t a a o

v rieties will be f und inr ads

a m de to t h in cces ible h stile
o as o ar e a e a s o

m untain retreats T h third distributi n l rea i the fascin ting penin

o . e o a a s a

s l f B j C lif rnia wi h i adj cent i l nds E xpl r tions there have

u a o a a a o t ts a s a . o a

uncovered m ny peculiar pla ts characteris ic to no t her l c tion on

a n t o o a

the mai nl nd a .

The c ltivati n f M mmillarias i by means diffi cult Single mature

u o o a s no .

sp ecimens u u lly ad ptable f the f ur inch fl wer p The s il

ar e s a a or o — o ot . o ,

on the wh le must be rich in humu th t given the E p i p h yl

o , n ot as s as a to

lums but ra her made up of th r ughly dec mp ed leaf s il

, t d o o o os o or so

mixed wi h at le st the same quanti y f s nd C rushed limest ne i

t a t o a . o s

advis ble f t h mixture To make the il m re p us I frequentl y

a or e . so o or o , u se

a gener us supply of gr v el M ammill rias require water e pecially dur

o a . a , s

in g the gr wi g se s n ;but during the winter m nths they ught be

o n a o o o to

kept qui te dry and held in a d rm nt st te in c l well li places o a a oo ,

t .

M mmill ias possess

a ppeal likened
ar her c ctus Since they an a t o no ot a .

are di v erse in f rm f b dy and spine rm ment

so o c uld e sily o o a a , on e o a

prefer a c llecti n f them al ne d get mu h s ti f c i n

o o o f o an as c a s a t o ou t o

them n th er w ul d with a m re c mplete s rtm ent f cacti and

as a o o o o a so o

succulents One real dv nt ge

. be v erl ked i th t M mm illarias
a a a no t t o o oo s a a

do n otake up much r m S me species are very free fl w i g and

t oo . o -
o er n

m y bl m fr m seed within
a oo ye r w Fif een m n h ld seedling
o a a or t o . t -
o t —o

M m m ill i b
a owned by
ar a f l c l cactus gr wers w
o c asa n a one o ou r o a o as

bl ming pr fusely Pincushi n cacti like to be c nfined in sm ller

oo o . o o a co n

t i
a n er s and theref re ex cellent subjects f novelty pot ery Grafted
o ar e or t .
16 ACTUS GUIDE C

to some stout st ck f C reus Lem ire ereus and T i h o they o e ,

a oc , r c o c e r eu s ,

will pr duce excellent heads in a sh rt time

o o .

Since there are so many kinds f M m millari s t h asiest way to o a a , e e

understand them is to divide them int three gr up namely th se o o s— , o

h ving milky sap those with semi milky p and th se with w tery sap
a ,
-
sa , o a .

Whenever I attempt to identify a strange M mmillaria the first thing a ,

I do is to prick it with a pin needle determine the type of sap it or to

p s esses Usually one prick into a tubercle nipple will disclose h

o s . or t e

kind of sap present This prick need not be t deep conspicu us No . oo or o .

harm will come to the plant because the sap c gulates readily and heals oa

o ver the cut Nearly one hundred species of M mmillaria possess milky
. a

sap and strangely nly the forms with straight centr l spines are i
, o a n

volved The semi milky sap is usually ch racteristic to plants producing

.
-
a

br wn seeds There are nly ab ut ten species in this class The

o . o o . re

m i d a nmore than a hundred and fifty species have w tery sap which
er, ,
a

is usu lly ass ciated with all the plants p ssessing h ked centr l spines
a o o oo a .

H wever it is to be remembered that there

o , slight exceptions in all ar e

three gr ups o .

After is cert in b ut the p content the next step t w rd iden

o ne a a o sa ,
o a

tifi i f species is to c unt the tubercle arr ngement which c mes

c at o n o o a o

in spiral rows in b th clockwise and countercl ckwise directi ns This

, o o o .

spiral arrangement is fairly c nsistent thr ugh ut the genus H wever o o o . o ,

one must train himself be able t c unt the spir ls they are to o o a as not

a lways prominent especially when w l hair and spines nearly b cure

, oo , , o s

them In s me strange unexpl inable manner the spirals usually occur

. o , a

in a precise mathematical series f 3 and 5 5 and 8 8 and 3 3 and o , , 1 , 1 2 1,

21 and 34 and 34 and 55 M E Sh ly British expert the M m

, . r . . ur ,
on a

m i ll i states that this definitely points a relation between tubercles

ar as , to

and leaves f n rm l plants M Sh ly als p ints

o o that r ots d a . r . ur o o out o an

the type f b dy gr wth are definite d st ble ch ra teristics of M m

o o o an a a c a

m i ll i and i d in their iden ification M mmill ri s h ve either tap

ar as a t . a a a a

r ots non tapr ts The t pr ts vary in shape fr m the el ngated

o or -
oo . a oo o o ,

carr t type to a m lar to th sh pe The gr wths are divided into simple

o o o — a . o ,

cespit se twin d dich t m us Simple gr wth mea s that a plant

o , , an o o o . o n

rem ins single and d es

a repr duce by ff sh ts C espit e den tes a o no t o o oo . os o

clustered habit Twin or finger growth indicates the type where basal
.
18 AC TUS GUIDE C

axils and the fl wers are p le greenish making their appea ance in early
,
o a , r

spring and continuing into f ll a .

a r bust gr wer with a variable spine

Ma m mi llar i a Kar wi n s hi a n a is o o

arr ngement l l spines he vy needle like nearly straight t slightly

a ,
a a ,
-
, o re

curved d with cre m c l ed bl s ms

, an a -
o or os o .

is a cl sely allied species which I collected in

Ma m m i llar i a Co lli n s u o

Oaxac where it f rmed small clu ter White w l and tortu us bristles
a, o s s . oo o

in the x il f the tubercles and m re spines are prominent in the are les
a s o o o

in additi n to a central which i slightly stouter but practically i d i

o s e nt

cal in col r o .

Ma m m i llar i a an ther interesting pincushi n which I col

ne a j p e ns i s is o o

l t d in O x c in the vicinity f Nejap fr m which l cation it received

ec e a a a o a, o o

its specific n me It posses es m ny very l ng and t rtu us xill ry

a . s a , o o o a a

bristles whi h nearly hide the tubercles There i a form with very short
c . s

spines d an ther with mu h l nger ones

an o c o .

M a m m illar i a is f the few milk bearing M ammill rias

u n c i n at a one o -
a

having h ked spines The central spine i usually s lit ry and much
oo . s o a

stouter th n the radials

a .

Mam m i llar i a was first described in 837 d is a gl b se t

c ar n e a 1 an o o o

cylindric c ctus with angular tubercles supp rting only central spines in
a o

its areoles The pink bl ssoms rather small but form a col rful ring at
. o ar e o

the top .

Ma mmillar i a mys t ax is another old ti mer characterized by l ng erect o , ,

cent ral spines Ri h i h overt p t h plant in the wild state but which are
v c o e

usually l st in cultivati n Dark red fl wers later pr duce red fruit

o o . o o .

Mammillar i a a rather fascinating pincushi n with a de

se mper ai ai i s o

pressed apex cr wded short tubercles with abundant w l in their axils

, o oo ,

and rather short spines The dirty white flowers with reddish lines appear
.
20 AC TUS GUIDE C

near t h apex I found this plant gr wing on the rocky sl pes of a canyon
e . o o

in Hidalg n ted for its spectacular Old M cacti

o o an .

M a mm illar i a is one of the few pincushions native the isl nds

n i vos a to a

of the C aribbe n It is a very spiny cactus characterized by dense white

a .
,

wo l in the ax ils f the tubercles and for this rea n is s metimes kn wn

o o , so , o o

as the sn wy c ctus o a .

Ma mmi llar i a one of the prettiest of the clustering pin

g e m n s i i pi n a i s
cu hi ns
s o nly , neat appear nce but f the beauty of its dark
not o fo r it s a or

red flowers The white w l is very dense in the axils of the upper
. oo

tubercles and the black tipped central spines are utlined against this o

backgr und o .

is a Texas pincushion which at one time

M a m mi llar i a h e m i s ph ae r i c a
was off ered f sale in dime stores all over the c untry The pl nts bl m
or o . a oo

very early in the spring beginning in February and ending in April The
, .

cre m c l red fl wers ab ut a h lf inch br ad S metimes fruits p

a -
o o o ar e o a o . o a

pear at the same time as the fl wers but they are fr m the previous year s o o
’

bl ms They are bright red and club shaped

oo .
-
.

Ma m m illar i a closely resembles the preceding but is more

a pp lana t a

flattened the p an d M mmill i H yd i another near relative is

at to ,
a ar a e er , ,

distinguished by having more radial spines The last three species are .

plentiful in Tex s a .

first disc vered i n 9 9 became the m st

Ma mmi llar i a Hah ni a n a , o 1 2 ,
o

sought fter pincushion bec use f its cl ak of long white hair It is aptly
-
a a o o , .

dubbed Old Lady C actus The purple red fl wers appear in spring and .
— o

continue to summer st ying open for several days Thi ,

ught to
a . s a .
o

be included in every c llecti n o o .

an elegant plant which I first saw wild

Mam m i llar i a c h i o n oce ph ala i s
i n a canyon near Arteaga Falls in no theastern Mexico The globo plant r . se

body is almost hidd n by the wh ite spi nes e .

VA R I E T I E ACTI S OF C 21

M m m i ll i P ki
a i an interesting pincushi n which f rms
ar a ar n s o n zz s o o

large m unds Its yell wi h cre m fl wers are surrounded by a m f

o . o s -
a o as s o

w l The chara teristic featu e is the chalky white col r of the st ut

oo . c r o o ,

l ng central spines
o , .

In the Mammill i gr up featuring watery p there several w rth ar a o sa ar e o

while species ch e fr m M m m ill i mp i h ppr pri tely to oo s o . a ar a ca t ot r c a, a o a

named Birdn e t Pi ncushi n pr duce s ft urling yell w spines d b

s o ,
o s o c , o an ,
e

cause f this can be handled with e e The pla t tends cluster d

o ,
as . n to an

h a h r cteri ic deep green c l r The tubercles are lender ften

as c a a st o o . s , o

cylindri l d b ut a h lf inch l ng The whiti h fl wer

ca ,
an small
a o a o . s o s ar e

and se in h nest f spines It is an e sy cactus gr w in semi hade

'

t t e o . a to o s or

full su n .

M a m m i llar i athe Finger C tus i a p pul r pincu hi n l

e o ngat a , ac , s o a s o

which br n he freely fr m the b e f rm h nds me specimens The

a c s o as to o a o .

individual tems three f ur inche high are slender and cylindrical

s , to o s ,

with h rt c nic tubercles cr wned with di dem f g lden star like

s o o o a a o o -

spine It is a v ri ble pe ies and an ea y pr pag t r

s . a a s c s o a o .

the F h b ll C ctus is a rem rk ble pin

M a m m i llar i a plu m o s a , e at er a a ,
a a

cushi n which gr ws i the fissures f c lc re us r cks ver which it

o o n o a a o o , o

spre d d binds together the s me time blending with the li m e t ne

a s an , at a s o

so th t it i hard to detect I found it in the vicinity of Oj C liente i n

a s . o a

C huil M e x ic The b dies are gl bular

oa a, d are ch racterized by oft
o . o o an a s

tex tured tubercles t pped by clusters f radi ting s ft silky feather like o o a , o , ,
-
,

white spines This m st l vely species ught be gr wn in every col

. o o o to o

lecti n o .

an ther ch ice example likewise ft tex

M a m m i llar i a Sc h i e d e a n a i s o o , so

d h sh rt c nic l tubercles f which

t u re , t e cr wned with are les
o o a o ar e o o

p ssessing innumer ble pubescent g lden yellow spines giving the plant
o a , ,
o -

a frilled appearance .

a miniature pincushion is a gl bular plant

Ma m mi llar i a las i ac a nt h a , , o

entirely c vered with s ft spines Under a hand lens these spines are seen
o o .
22 AC TUS GUIDE C

to be pubescent The cactus native to Texas and New Mex ic fl wers

.
, o, o

in April and M y and h white fl wers each petal marked by a red

a as o ,

purple m i d i p A f rm with ut t h pubescent spines is called M m

st r e . o o e a

m ill i l i
ar a th var d d t as ac a n a . e nu a a .

extremely vari ble in body Si ze d c l rati n

Mam mi llar i a di oi c a i s a an o o o

of spine but grows in abund n e in the c stal area of s uthern C ali

s a c oa o

formia where I first saw it in the vicinity f S Dieg Fl wers appea o an o . o r

i a ring around the t p and are cream c lored with a fine purple mid
n o -
o ,

st ripe .

which comes fr m central Mexic is a small

Mam m illar i a pyg mae a , o o,

clustering pincushi n th t gr ws rapidly d bears hair like white radial

o a o an -
, ,

spines c mpletely covering the plant b dy but the central spines are
o o ,

golden yell w which sets them ff very nicely

-
o o .

M am m i llar i a is a beautiful speci es that must be kept

ze h
p yr a n t h oi des

on the dry side in winter It i a flattened gl b se pincushi n with few . s , o o o ,

large s ft tubercles and quite large mi h flowers with a carmine red

, o cr ea s -

m i ds t r i p e .

fr m B ja C lif rnia intrigued me the min

Mam m illar i a Blos s feldi a na o a a o

ute I l id eyes a bl ming pl nt in G tes C tus Nur ery l st sum

a on oo a a ac s a

mer It tends to be a s litary pl nt but ccasi nally cluster fr m the b se

. o a o o s o a .

There ab ut twenty r dial spines in e ch are le d f ur centr ls ;

ar e o a a o an o a

the radi ls are radi ting sh rt needle like yell wish gr yish white
a a ,
o ,
-
,
o to a -

with d rk br wn to black tip while the centrals are purpli h t bl ck

a o s, s o a

most f the w y do f them i h ked The rather l rge funnel f rm

a an on e o s oo . a -
o

fl wer emerge fr m ne r the apex and l st f several days They are

o s o a a or .

carmine pink and hav e a darker midline The green st igm l bes d
— . a o an

orange yell w nthers add distinction

-
o a .

Ma m m i llar i a b o m b yc i na is a
real beauty being of the loveliest f ,
on e o

all Mammillarias The stem i s gl bular bec ming cylindrical with age
. o o

and clusters freely at the base It is extremely wo lly at the t p that . o o so

the tubercles are entirely c vered by the immaculate wo l The white o o .

VA R I E T I E S O F C A C T I 3 2

radial spines make a fine lacy pattern over the gray green plant wh se ,
-
, o

beauty is fur her heightened by the l wer h oked central spine which is
t o o

white to amber yell w in the lower half and br wnish red in the upper
— o o -

half Flowers c me from near the apex an d are deep pink with a darker
. o

m i d i p D n t verl k this pecies

’
str e . o o oo s .

is m stly a s litary plant alth ugh cc i n

Ma m mi llar i a m i cr o c ar pa o o , o o as o

ally it sprouts fr m both bas d body It is a beautiful fi h h k v riety

o e an . s oo a .

The radial spine whitish and star like alm st completely hiding the
s ar e -
,
o

pl nt b dy One t three centr l s are present and they are red up n

a o . o a ,
o

emergence turning to dark brown d black with of them strongly an , on e

h ked The l vely pink bl s ms f rm ring the top t make a beau

oo . o o so o a at o

tiful picture In Ariz na it is fairly c mm n gr wing m ng r ck with

. o o o o a o o

which it blends perfectly The pl nt ls gr ws in Tex C lif rni d . a a o o as , a o a, an

M exic o .

the Powder Puff i aptly named bec use it is

M a m mi llar i a b oc as ana , , s ,
a

covered by long white silky hairs which serve as a veil for t h sh rt

,
e o ,

brown h ked central spines beneath h cam uflage It i a lovely and

,
oo ,
t e o . s

p pul r species fl wering freely In fact it is a jewel am ng cacti T h

o a , o .
,
o . e

yell wish white flowers h ve a red midrib d tip

o — a an .

is closely related to h preceding but it i

M am mi llar i a Gu e lz o wi a na t e s

larger d as freely clustering It als has a much larger blossom f

an not . o o

deep purpli h red s -

.

is of the taller and more r bust pin

M a m m i llar i a h i d alg e n s i s one o

cushi ons which divides by dich t m us branching Its tubercles are l o o o . s en

d ly conic l tipped wi h two t four central spine The flowering crown

er a , t o s .

is quite wo lly the carmine red fl wer making an eff ective displ y Old
o ,
— o s a .

spe imens attain twelve inches m r in height an d about five inches

c or o e

in diameter .

M a m mi llar i a is n ther large quick growing pincush ion

t e t r ac a n t h a a o ,

whi ch is pinier with usu lly much l nger spines and pr tty carmine d
s , a o e -
re

bl ssoms pr duced fr m the w lly white xils

o o o oo a .
24 AC TUS GUIDE C

M m mill i h d t h is extrem ly variable in spine col r d length

a ar a r o an a e o an .

Its radials can be white yell w and t h centrals white yellow red or or o e , , ,

br wn Deep purplish pink blossoms produced in a ring near the p

o .
-
ar e to .

There are many varieties most of them classified according t c lor , o o ,

length and texture of the spines Th i s speci es grows in fertile soil on the
, .

central plateau of Mexico and sometimes f rms large clumps o .

Ma m mi llar i a ec h i nar i a is a very small desir able plant closely

allied to ,

M ammi llar i a e lon ga t a but generally dis t inguished fro m it by the

presence
of m re central spines which usually are lacking in t h latter It
one or o , e .

s n f rms handsome clusters and pr duces

oo o m i h bl ssoms with o cr ea s o

f int salmon m i d i p I found it under bu hes near Ixmiquilp n in

a st r e . s a ,

M e x ic M m m i ll i P i gl i is a m st beautiful species f striking

o . a ar a r n e o o

appe ance It possesses l ng golden yell w spines and crimson blossoms

ar . o ,
-
o .

is still an ther desir ble species with yli

M a m mi llar i a Or t i z R u b i o n a -
o a c n

d i l tubercles White bristles l nger than the tubercles issue fr m their

r ca .
,
o , o

axils an d numerous radial white spines f feathery appearan e are in

,
o c

each areole The f ur to six centrals are much stouter but also white
. o .

Flowers are yellowish pink f llowed by carmine club shaped berries

-
, o ,
-
.

is a h nds me species with dense spines f

Mammi llar i a s pi n os is s i ma a o o

bristle lik texture ranging fr m white t ruby red Its stem is s lit ry
-
e o o -
. o a ,

columnar up to twelve inches high ;and the fl wers fr m the upper

, o ,
o

part of t h plant lilac or reddish pink an d faintly fragr nt

e , ar e -
a .

Ma m mi llar i a pr oli fer a

is a very free clustering and spre ding cactus a

of sm ll stature native to the West Indies The gl b e sh rt cylindric

a , . o os to o ,

stems are only two inches tall an d ab ut an inch in di meter comp sed o a , o

of s ft fl h d tubercles which bear numerous hair like white radial spines

o -
es e —

and up to ni ne pale yellow centrals in their areoles The yellow cream

-
.
-

bl ss ms h ve the ch r cteristic darker midrib

o o a a a .

M am mi llar i a m u lt i c e ps is a near relative of the above f und in Texa , o s

and Mex ico It is smaller i n every . part an d has yellowish centrals with
reddish brown tips -
.
26 ACTUS GUIDE C

clusters f radiating pines The usual number f r di l spines i six teen

o s . o a a s ,

and there one to f ur centr ls The fl wers pen in brigh t unlight

ar e o a . o o s ,

cl se f the evening and rep at this oper tion f w

o or th ee d ys in , e a or t o or r a

succes i n The bl s ms are purp li h pink with p inted fringed peri nth
s o . os o s -
o ,
a

segments This spiny pincushi n can be f und in the sandst ne hills

. o o o

ar und Salina Kan

o the plains f e tern C l rad and in the
,
s as , on o as o o o,

Arbuckle M untain f Okl h m just in case you want to hunt f

o s o a o a, or

them There are sever l cl sely rel ted species of the ab ve which now
. a o a o

are generally cl sified varieties f it such gg g as i i and as o ,

as a re a t a , ar z o n c a ,

d t i The first variety gr ws at elev ti ns of

e s er . to feet ab ve o a o o

sea level in Ariz na In 935 I had the pp rtunity to c llect this lustered
o . 1 o o o c

v riety in the r cky situations f the Pinal M untains b ve Superior

a o o o , a o .

When they were br ught back and establi hed in the C ctus H use at o s a o

Sh w s Garden they attracted ttenti n bec use f their similarity to golf

’
a , a o a o

b lls ;hence they were christened G lfb ll C actus

a ,
“
o a .
”

is an interesting Tex s species and

C or yp h a nt h a macr o m er i s f the a on e o

e iest grow It i found in the Big Bend country where it i quite

as to . s , s

plentiful if you know where to look f it It i char cterized by extra

, or . s a

l rge ft and l ely arranged tubercles which are gro v ed only halfway
a , so oo s o

to th base The fl wers

e deep purple and free fl wering
. o ar e o .

reminds one of C yph h m m i but

C or yph an t h a R u nyo nu or ant a ac r o er s ,

its spines are sh rter d less numer us and its tubercles are stumpier
o an o , .

It gr ws in the lower Rio Grande Valley in s uthern Texas

o o .

C o r yp h an t h a is one of the larger pincu hi n types fr m

r e c u r va t a s o o

S n r
o M exic but it also can be f und in s uthern Ariz na It ften
o a, o, o o o . o

gr ws in clusters of five to fifty den ely piny he ds and pr du es lem n

o s s a o c o

yell w fl wers A its specific name indic te its yell wish pines
o o . s a s, o s ar e

recurved .

is a tall growing species th t clusters with age The

Cor yph an t h a c lava a .

ax ils f the tubercles are filled with white w ol wit h a sc rl t gl nd at

o o ,
a e a

the b se f the gr ve The radial and central spines both yell w T h

a o oo . ar e o . e

p le yellow blossoms v ry large and showy

a -
ar e e .
VA R I E T I E S OF C ACTI 27

C or yph a n t h a large flattened tubercles f pale green

e le p h a n t i d e n s h as o

and w lly re les which in g bec me n ked Str ng spreading

oo a o a e o a . o , ,

curved br wnish spines with black tip

,
o pr du ed in the re les The s ar e o c a o .

flowers nearly f ur inches br d when fully exp nded

ar e o oa a .

is a sm ll gl bular pincu hi n with black tipped

Cor yp h a n t h a Pal m er i a , o s o -

white yell wish radi ls d t utly h ked centr l It gr ws among

or o a an s o oo a s . o

the r cky debris in C huil d p rts pale yell w bl m

o oa a, an s o -
o o s so s .

an ther m ll gl bular cactus with whitish p

Cor yp h a nt h a pallida , o s a o , a

pressed r dial spines and pale yell w fl wer gr ws in the calcare us s il

a -
o o s, o o o

of the Tehu ca desert in s uthern M e x ia n o co .

Cor yp h a nt h a reaches a height of nearly eight inches with

ro b u s t zs pzn a
a di meter f f ur five in hes It gr ws singly in clumps densely
a o o or c . o or ,

armed d lm st hidden by the spines The tubercles grayi h green

an a o . ar e s -
.

The fl wers o alm n pink with a yell w tinge

ar e s o -
o .

is an dd gl bular pincushi n with few l rge

C or yp h a n t h a b u m a mm a o ,
o o , a ,

r unded tub rcle upp rting st ut recurved spines It p e es thick

o e s s o o . os s ss a

r t which nch the pl nt ecurely int the gr und The n tive h bitat
oo a or s a s o o . a a

is Guerrer o .

C or yph a nt h a the fir t cactus species I described in the

r a m illos a is s

C d S
ac t u s l anJ l f the C tu d Suc
u cc u e ntulent S ciety f ou r n a o ac s an c o o

Americ It w disc vered in Re g n C ny n Big Bend c un y i

a . as o a a a o —
o tr —
n

Texas Definitely it i a distinct pl nt de pite i simulating habits w

. s a s ts to t o

or three ther species I spiny rmam ent greatly resembles a small

o . ts a

bundle f dried twigs fr m which it receive i t spe ific n me The

o ,
o s s c a .

numer u interl ck ing grayish spines all but hide the pl nt b dy fr m

o s o a o o

view Unlike C yph h m m i

. whi h relati n hip it bel ngs
or an t a ac r o er s , to c o s o ,

it i de idedly h d d fi m in every respect The flowers are large sh wy

s c ar an r .
, o ,

very v ri ble pale pink deep rose purple

a a , to -
.
28 C AC TUS GUIDE
DOL I C H OT H E L E

A genus very cl se M mmill ri d having nly a few pecie is o to a a a an o s s

D li h h l It means l ng nipple referring to the elongated tubercles

“ ”
o c ot e e . o ,

which are a ch r cteristic fe ture In M mmill ri the tubercle are ar

’

a a a . a a a s

ranged in a regul r series f spir l r ws but in D li h h l h ere are

a o a o , o c ot e e t

no definite spirals noticeable The fl wer quite large d lways . o s ar e an a

yell w o .

D li h h l l gi m m m i the ldest kn wn species first de cribed

o c ot e e on a a s o o , s

in 8 8 under M mmillaria The l ng soft green tub rcles are up to

1 2 a . o , , e

t w in hes l ng surm unted by m ll r und re les be ring nine

o c o teno s a , o a o a or

pubes ent fl c white yell w r dial spines and one t three centrals
,
e xu o u s , to o a o

of darker hue .

D o li c h o t h e le u b er i o r f m i s h as m u h h er tub rcles with fewer spines

c s or t e

and no centrals .

D o li c h o t h e le a Texas spe ie with butter yell w fl wers

s
p h ae r i c a i s c s — o o

which are produced i profusion The pl nt lusters heavily d i spines

n . a c an ts

are sm th distingui hed fr m the ft hairy ones f the t w preceding

oo as s o so o o

specie D li h h l h w tery p
s . o c ot e e as a sa .

T H E L OC A C T U S

an ther genus f pincu hi n cacti The n me ined

T h e loc ac t u s i s o o s o . a , co

fr m the Greek refers the nippled ribs which this gr up ex hibi The
o , to o ts .

best kn wn sp cies i T h l t b i l which i bund nt even in

o e s e o c ac u s c o or s a a

Tex s where I f und large col nies in the Big Bend c untry r und
a o o o a o

M r h n The plants are simple ribbed

a at o . d very spiny with pretty ,
an ,

deep pink purple fl wers appe ring in spring d c ntinuing int f ll

—
to o a an o o a .

The spiny rmment i highly c l red d sever l v rietie h ve been

a a s o o ,
an a a s a

pr p ed take care f the vari ti n en un ered In T h l

o os to are o a o s co t . e o c ac t u s

f und se v er l g ups f unrel ted plants which need m e th r ugh

o a ro o a or o o

study O ex mple i T h l
. ne i the C t s C l w C tus
a s e o c ac t u s u n c n at u s , a
’
a ac ,

which has at tim e been pl ced in the f ll wing gener by v ri us

on e a o o a a o

auth rs E chinocactu Fer c ctus H m

o : d E hi m t s, o a ,
a at o c ac t u s , an c no as u s .
VA R I E T I E S OF C ACTI
NE OL L OY DI A

The genus N ll ydi c ntains nly a few species whi ch

eo o rath er
a o o ar e

sm ll with spir lly arranged nippled ribs and which bear large fl wers
a a o on

the new a e les at the p The tubercles are gr ved ab ve One sp cies
r o to . oo o . e ,

N ll ydi
eo o i i found in Texas where it f rms small cluster It
a t exe ns s , s , o s .

h white widely spreading radial spi es and

as ,
three much st uter n one t o o

and l nger blackish cent al spin s N ll ydi

o d want to be kept r e . eo o as o n ot

t oom ist even in t h gr wi g seas n

o e o n o .

OT HE R GE N ERA
A n c i s t r o c ac t u s , C o c h e m i e a, Bar t s c h e lla, E c h in o m as t u s , E s co b ar i a,
,
and S li i
M am i llo p s i s Neo b e s se ya Pe le c yp h o r a Po r fi r i a ,
ther , , o s a ar e o

small genera referred to t h pincu hi n cacti lth ugh ome authors e s o , a o s ,

kn wn l mpers have w reduced a few f the e names int symon

o as u , no o s o

m
y y under the two lder g ener M ammillaria d C oryphan
o ha M st a, an t . o

of these are a li ttle di ffi cult to gr w d sh uld be grafted a st ut o , an so o on o

st ck
o .

M m ill p i
a ili for insta ce is
o s s sen beautif ul smal l plant ent i rely
s, n , a co v

e red with dense white spi e which prefers full and very porous s il
n s, sun o

an d moderate mount f w ter in t h summe ea n Give it a little

a o a e r s so .

more w ter in winter and h plant wi ll in a hurry

a t e r ot .

The N b y eo h rdiest f the l t d can be gr wn outd rs i

es se as ar e a o o an o oo n

almost any part f the United S tes pr vided t hey receive perfect dr i n
o ta o a

age especi lly in winter d spring N b y i mi li and N m i i

,
a an . eo es s e a s s . ssou r

i form nice cl mps which eventu lly fit

e ns s bucket When gr wn
u ,
a a . o

outd rs the pl nts h ve a tendency dr w themselv s int t h g u d

oo a a to a e o e ro n

for the win er but plump up h fi st hing in ea ly spring The fl wers

t t e r t r . o

are quite l rge and f a peculi r pi kish yell whue f ll wed by bright
a o a n -
o o o

red gl b se fruits
o o .

IGHT BLOOM ING C E R E US N -

Nigh b l m i g C e eu ! H w ften have y

t oo n heard this expres i n
r s o o ou s o

and h w often h o it been mi pplied !M ny p ple do t kn w hat

as sa a eo no o t

there are a g eat number f n cturnal cac i and if t hey p ssess such a
r o o t ,
o
30 A C T U S G U I D E C

plant they are under the impressi n that theirs i the night bl oming o s -
o

C ereus Often a plant is c lled night bl ming C ereus when in reality

“ ”
. a -
oo

it is wh lly unrel ted it o f instance the well kn wn br ad leaf

a to ,
as , or , o o -

cactus E piphyllum We must remember that the C erei p ssess certain

,
. o

peculiarities that di tingui h them fr m ther cacti In ther w rds every

s s o o . o o ,

C ereus i a C tus but not every C ctus i a C ereus

s ac a s .

In the gre t C ctus family there are m re than fifty gener bel nging
a a o a o

to the subtribes C d Hyl Since the bin mial system

e r e an ae an o c e r e an ae . o

w ase t blished by Linn eus in h eighteenth century all of t hese have

s a a t e ,

been included under the genu C ereus at time or another M ny s o ne . a

members f these w subt ibes d y bl ming but there i als a big

o t o r ar e a -
oo , s o

gr up wh se fl wers d
o pen until du k The f ll wing is a list l
o o o not o s . o o , a

p h b t
a i lly a
err nged f m
ca tly B itt n and R ase genera f
, n cturn
o l os r o o o o a

c cti The n m es represent th e epted by m st m dern t l gi

a . a os ac c o o c ac o o s t s,

a lth ugh light diff eren e f p i n i n d exist regarding a few of them

o s c s o o o o ,

as is be expected
to .

A c a n t h ac er c a s F ac h e i r o a Pe n i oc er e u s
Ar t h r oc er e u s Piloc er e u s
Bi n g h a m i a H ylo c er e u s Se le n i c er e u s
Br o w n i n gi a L e m ai r e oc e r e u s St e t s o n i a
C ar n e g i e a L e oc er e u s St r oph oc ac t u s
Ce p h a lo c e r e u s L op h oc er e u s T r i c h oc e r e u s
C er e u s M e d i oc ac t u s We b er oc e r e u s
D e n a r oc er e u s
’
M o n villc a Wer c kle oc er e u s
E r i oc er e u s Ne oe z/an s i a Wi l m at t e a
E u lyc h n i a Nyc t oc e r e u s Ze h n t n er e lla

the b ve c uld be c lled night bl ming C ereus but to be

An y o f a o o a — oo ,

te hnic lly c r ect the n m e is pplic ble nly the genus C ereus as it
c a o r a a a o to

i underst d
s day H wev er the term i m st frequently and p pul rly
oo to . o , s o o a

applied t certain species in the gener Hyl ereus d Selenicereus vine

o a oc an ,

like cacti pr ducing the largest bl ms in the C actu f mily and to the
o oo s a ,

odd turnip r ted P i In my pini n it w uld be prudent to

-
oo e n oc e r e u s . o o ,
o

c nfine thi name Hyl i d S l i i and the great m jority of

o s to oce r e an e e n ce r e ,
a

cactus minded f lk exer i e thi am e th ught

-
o s c s s s o .
VA R I E T I E S O F C A C T I 3 1

The n me C ereus is fr m the Greek signifying a t rch and refers to

a o ,
o ,

the c ndel b like bran hing f the first species kn wn C ereus i per
a a r a- c o o . s

h ps the ldest n m e given

a o y c ctus f it w menti
a ned in li er t o an a ,
or as o t a

ture far b k the ix teenth century It is

as ac definitely kn wn wh
as s . not o o

first u ed the name Philip M iller the uth r f the f m u G d

s .
,
a o o a o s ar e ner s
’

Di i published
c t o nar
y in the e rly eighteenth century credits the genus a ,

to P Hermann in 698 but the n me itself w in

. f m re th n
1 ,
a as u se or o a

seventy years pri r to th t d te o a a .

The disc very of the c cti must h ve left indelible mark in the
o a a an

minds of the first American expl rer wh referred them t rches o s, o to as o or

candel bra and thereby aided in gi v ing the descrip ive n me C ereus
a t a , , to

the e uri us pl nt M iller h wever states th t the pl nts were

s c o a s .
,
o ,
a a no t

c lled C ereus fr m their resembl n e a t rch al ne but als fr m the

a o a c to o o ,
o o

f th t ervants burned them t rches taper and carried them at

ac t a s as o or s

night bef re their masters T m ke the t hes the spiny specimen

s o . o a or c ,
s

were d wn dried on the gr und d dipped in i l

cu t o , o ,
an o .

The e rliest illustr ti n f a C ereus i believ ed be in Ovied L

a a o o s to o s
’
a

Hi i G
s t or a l d l I di publi h ed in 535 This w rk of Ovied
e n er a e as n as , s 1 . o o

i the first natur l hist ry f Americ

s f the r rest and m t i m
a o o a, o n e o a os

p rt nt b ks the New W rld Ovied gives a general view f Sp in s

o a oo on o . o o a
’

new Ame ic n empire d the p li y which sh uld be d pted t w rd

r a an o c o a o o a

i pe ple by the m n r hy The b k w

ts o p rti lly supp e ed in Sp in
o a c . oo as a a r ss a

be au e this Sp ni h hi t ri n d red tell h w the Indi ns were abused

c s a s s o a a to o a ,

d thi pp ently acc unts f the b k s sign l r rity The illustrati n ’

an s a ar o or oo a a . o

is a curi us and crude w dcut which d es

o lend it elf critical di oo o no t s to s

i
c u s s on but bec use f i hist ric l value i quite f in ting
, a o ts o a , s as c a .

The first c l red figure of a C ereus presumably p peared in a m dest

o o a o

little Aztec herbal in 55 which h ppens to be Ame ic s e lie t tre tise 1 2, a r a

’
ar s a

on M e x ic n medicin l pl nts a d native remedies The e x citing and a a an .

unique m nuscript was written in h i n tive t ngue by an Aztec physi

a s a o

i
c an , M rtinu de l aC ruz
a d w tr n l ted int L in by a c mp tri t
s
’

,
an as a s a o at o a o ,

J uannes B d i F m re th n three hundred ye rs it lay hidden

a an u s . or o a a on

the shelves f the V tic n L ibr ry un il Dr C harles U C lark br ught it

o a a a t . . o

to light in 9 9 The unidentified C ereus i there c lled

1 2 . h t li which s a t e o n oc ,

me ns Divine C actus and the par graph bene th the illu tr ti n is

a
“

,
”
a a s a o

dev ted t th che and h w it can be cured with the r ot of this plant
o to oo a o o .
32 AC TUS GUI DE C

Like Oviedo s earlier wo dcut the pl nt in the B di

’
ill st rati n de
o , a a an u s u o

fies critic l n m ing beyond the fact that it appe rs to be a C ereus f

a a a o

some rt perh ps rel ted L em ireocereus

so , a a to a .

A ther intere ting e rly illustrati n f a night bl ming C ereus ( with

no s a o o -
oo

out the fl wers f c ur e ) w published in 576 by L b li in h i St i

o o o s as 1 o e us s r

p i m
u A d i N The
ve r sar aidentic l figure was repr
o va duced
. fifteen years a o

l ater in his I St i pi m d i
c ones w identified C
r
p
u e i an s no as er e u s r u a an u s .

T h f m us herbalist T b
e a o m made use f L b li figure i n
,
a e r n ae o n t an u s , o o e us
’

h i el b rate herb b k
s a o which he worked f thirt y i years before it
oo on or -
s x

w published in 5 88 9 H wever he app rently made a new w odcut

as 1 -
1 . o ,
a o ,

as the figure is slightly altered and d alth ugh the revision are r ey e r se , o s

n tice ble nly cl se scrutiny Many f the ld herbals c nt in repr

o a o on o . o o o a o

d i
u ct ons f the illustrati ns by D d
o B ck C l i and L b li o o oe n s, o ,
u s us, o e us .

T b a m te r n ae f one b rr wed h i cuts as did many others

on a n u s , or , o o s .

In 7 6 Rich rd Bradley publi hed

1 1 a f the first excellent figure of s one o s

a n cturnal C ereus in flower in h i H i y f S l t Pl t In a note

o s s t or o u cc u e n an s .

to the reader he st ted whatsoever figures I shall publish will be ( as

a
“

ne r I a m ke them ) perfect c pies f th se plants they are to rep

as c an a o o o

resent and shall be engrav ed by the best hands The figure executed by .
”
,

H H l b gh wh made many ther plates for Bradley shows expert

. u s er , o o ,

w rkm nship and depicts a plant then known as C

o a t m im er e u s er ec u s ax us

a m i etc as we kn w it t day C
er c anu s , .
, or
p i o o ,
er e u s er u z
/ an u s .

W rthy of menti n here are t w be utiful c l red plates of S l i

o o o a o o e e n c er e u s

g d
r ani fl e x ecuted by
or u s J ohn J acob H aid f E hret s Pl S l t or
’
a n t ae e e c ae ,

edited by bibliographer C hristopher Trew in 754 They show in pra 1 .

,
e

tically exact c l r and n tural size figure of stem fl wer and fruit with
o o a ,
s , o ,

their minute characteri tics There may be earlier c l r ill strations f s . o o u o a

bloomin g nocturnal C ereus f which I m not aware but it is d ubtful o a ,

o

if they can appr ach th beauty d ex ctness of Trew s publicati n In

o e an a
’
o .

1
76 Phili0p M iller published in h i f m us I an ther excellent color s a o c on e s o

plate of S l i g d i fl
e e n eer e u s under the descriptive n
r anme C or u s a er eu s

s c and mi e ns l
p yg n ori l t which o he translates the lesser
o n u s ar t c u a u s , as
“

creeping jointed Torch t histle with many angles but it does not com -
,
”

pare wit h the in Trew s v lume Alth ugh the I

one was printed ’
o . o c o n es

in 76 the plates were executed earlier that of the particular C ereus

1 0, ,
on

M y 5 756 al ng with fi others

a 2 , 1 , o ve .
34 A C T U S G U I D E C

near the summit f C erro Aren l in Oaxaca At best it i a s r ggly shrub o a .

,
s c a

up ten feet high with medium sized greeni h white night bl ming
to -
, s -
,
-
oo

fl wers Unlike the ther P i

o . i this p sesses tri ngular stem s o e n o ce r e , on e os a

an d h the l nge t spines me suring up three quarters f an inch

as o s , a to -
o

l ng
o .

H L CERE U S Y O

The genus Hyl cereus i c m p ed f b ut eighteen specie of climb o s o os o a o s

ing cti the stem s dhering walls tree trunk

ca ,
ther supp rt by a to , s, or o o s

means f numer us eri l r ts o o a a oo .

Hyl d i the best kn wn f ll night bl ming C erei b

oc e r e u s u n at u s s o o a — oo e

c u e i i widely cultiv ted in t pic l regi ns I stem is el ng ted

a s r s a ro a o . ts o a ,

th ee angled winged with h rny m rgins d alm st in n picu u

r -
or ,
o a , an o co s o s

spines in i re les The fl wers quite succulent especi lly the f li

ts a o . o ar e , a o

a us s les th t c ver the v ry d fl wer tube They att in a length

cco ca a o o a an o . a

o f ele v en twel v e in hes blan e l te with picul te tips and cur e

to c ,
o c o a a a ,
v

just en ugh f rm a cup f pure white which rep ses in a saucer of

o to o o o

yell wi h green sep ls The cup i filled with gre t number f thread
o s -
a . s a a o

like cre m l red t men arr nged in w series each thread t pped
,
a -
co o s a s a t o , o

by a yell wi h anther By ctu l c unt many 83 stamens are p

o s . a a o , as as 0 ro

d d in
u ce single fl wer A r ther st ut thick cre m l red cylindric
a o . a o , ,
a —co o ,

style pr t ude fr m this m ss f st mens and bears at its pic l p rti n

o r s o a o a a a o o

a r diating cr wn f yell wish stigm l bes up twenty seven in num

a o o o a o , to -

h erThe f li e us c les the v ry and fl ral tube bright green

. o ac o s a on o a o ar e ,

f
o t en w i h reddish tips d m rgins The m ture fruit i
t f a dull red an a a s o
'

c l r ne rly sm t h and c nt ins white edible pulp sprinkled with

o o , a oo ,
o a

bl cki h seed Our spe imen in the C a tus H u e creeps up n a trellis

a s . c c o s o

twenty fi feet high and then h ng suspended fr m

-
ve f the angle a s o one o

ir ns the r f The bl ming seas n b egins in e rly July d c ntinues

o at oo . oo o a an o

until the end f O t ber D uring the summer the wh le trellis i agl w
o c o . o s o

with bl m m etim es m ny a hundred appearing in a single

o s so s, so as a as

night In the f ll h uld the m rnings be c l and cl udy they rem i

. a ,
s o o oo o , a n

o pen until n n oo .

Hyloc er e u s fr m C ta Ric gr ws well and fl wers fc os t ar i c e n s s i o os a o o re

quently in cultiv ti n It is a vig r us vine perhaps the st utest of the a o . o o ,

o
’
36 AC TUS GUIDE C

genus and for t his reas n pr duces g od st ck f gr fting purp ses The
, o o o o or a o .

stems more turgid tha th se of the preceding species and are of a

ar e n o

bluish white col r The y ung fl wer bud are gl bular tinged a dull
-
o . o o s o ,

crims n or purple and quite c nspicu us l ng the m re less wavy

o , o o a o o -
o r-

m rgins of the j ints When fully pened individual bl ss ms measure

a o . o , o o

nine inches acr ss Sc les the v ry are cl sely set greenish with deep
o . a on o a o ,

purple m rgins and tips Tow rd the top f the fl ral tube they become
a . a o o

more el ngated d deeper green with m re reddish purple tips and m

o an o -
ar

gin until they merge with the narrow yell wish green sepals The petals
s o -
.

are three times br ad the sepals and are pure white The stamens
as o as .

are numer us about three and a half inches l ng with creamy white fi l
o , o ,
-
a

ments and yell wish anthers The style is a thickened ivory white rg n
o .
,
-
o a ,

nearly nine d a h lf inches l ng with twenty f ur t twenty seven

an a o ,
-
o o -

cre my yell w stigm l be In

a — c llecti n Hyl
o i i is a o s . ou r o o ,
o c er e u s c o s t ar c e n s s

a very w rth w hile plant The fl wers bl om thr ugh ut t h summer and
o . o o o o e

fall and ince they stay pen l ng after dawn they be ph t graphed
, , s o o , c an o o

in ll their be uty in d ylight

a a a .

in my e tim ti n is the m st beautiful species

Hyloc er e u s L e m ai r e i ,
s a o , o .

The fl wers are s mewh t small aver ging only ten inches l ng but
o o a , a o ,

p ess delic te tints Sc les the vary and l wer part f the fl r l tube
oss a . a on o o o o a

are vate to ovate elong te light green with m rgins d tips bl cki h
o -
a , ,
a an a s

red purple Farther up the tube they bec me much el ngated and green
-
. o o

i h yell w with the usual red purple m rgins The u er m t ep ls

s -
o -
a . o t os s a or

upperm st thr t sc les green the ut ide w yell w the inside

o oa a ar e on o s , ax -
o on

with a purplish tip The ep ls pr per w yell w tinged with r se . s a o ar e ax- o o

c l r at the base The pet ls

o o br ader th n the epals m stly b l
. a ar e o a s ,
o o an

l their l wer porti n pinkish the upper white slightly tinged

c e o at e , o o ,
or

yell w Stamens in all Hyl i are very numer us ;the fil ments

o .
, as o ce r e , o a

ar e cre m d the anthers yell w The style i thick sulphur yell w

a an ,
o . s ,
-
o ,

t pped by a r di ting cluster f twenty nine amber yell w stigma l bes

o a a o — -
o o ,

many f them w cleft a ch r ter rarely f und in the c ctus family

o t o -
,
a ac o a .

The b ve three species are perhaps the m st widely known and culti
a o o

vat e d f the genus alth ugh there

o many others equ lly stunning in
,
o ar e a as

their fl r l raiment We h v other pecie gr wing in the C actus H use

o a . a e s s o o

which have fl wered as yet It may be f interest t the reader to learn

not o . o o
VA R I E T I E S O F C A C T I 37
that le st w f the Hyl i pr duce red fl wers Hyl
at a t o o o ce r e o o , o c e r c u s e xt e n s a s

and H p but
. hey are r her
s t e no r re in c llecti ns
t cr u s , t at a o o .

S L NI E E U S E E C R

In their nati v e tr pic haunts pl nts f the genu Seleni ereu either
o ,
a o s c s

climb up h k f l rge trees by me ns f aeri l r t

t e trun '
where there
s o a a o a oo s or ,

are trees d s h rubs m erely tr il long the gr und h ng suspended

no an ,
a a o or a

fr m r k d cliff The fl wers resem ble th s f the Hyl cereu b

o oc s an s . o o e o o s ut

perh p a quite as su ulent

s ar e n o t d they p sess such large cc ,
n or o os con

sp i f liace
cuou s us sc les tube
o d v ry An
o ther distingui hing
a on an o a “ o s

ch r te i h l ng h ir th t gr ws
a ac r s t f the a x il
e o f the m ll scales
a a o ou t o s o s a on

the v ry d peri nth tube l ng with bristles d felt The stems

o a an a ,
a o an . ar e

m re slender than in the Hyl i and m stly cylindric l d ribbed ;the

o o c er e o a an

are les u u lly sligh ly elev ted on sm ll kn bs d s metimes bear

o ar e s a t a a o an o

minute spines The l rge reddish fruit i c vered with cluster f spine
. a , s o s o s,

bristles d h irs All S l i i highly prized rn m entals and g eat

,
an a . e en c er e ar e o a r

fav rites with am teur g rdener The plant gr w e ily and rapidly in
o a a s . s o as

a tub pr vided with a trelli where the stems s n bec me a tangled ma s

o s, oo o s

if pr perly tied the upp rt A juice ex tr cted fr m the stems f

n ot o to s o . a o o

S l i g
e e n c er e u sdi fl S i fl d
r anllied species i prepared
or u s , . c on or u s , an a s as

a heart t nic d gener lly used by h m e pathi t In S L uis

o an phara o o s s . t . o on e

i l firm h been m nuf cturing C i Pillets for over fifty ”

m
“
ac e u t c a as a a ac t n a

years while n ther c ncern h been m king C t g b th pr ducts

,
a o o as a
“
ac e u s,
”
o o

c ntaining lk l ids fr m the stems f the Mex ican Selenicereus

o a a o o o .

a West Indian endemic with fl wer seven

Se le n i c er e u s g r an di flor u s , o s

inches m re l ng the lde t kn wn species L innaeus first des ibed

or o o ,
is o s o . cr

it in 753 a C ctus ;M iller in 768 as a C ereus ;and Britt n and R se

1 as a 1 o o

in 9 9 as Selenicereus
1 0 .

the ther h nd i the c mm ne t sp ecies in

Se le n i cer e u s pt er a n t h u s o n , o a , s o o s

present c llecti ns
day o
-
stem i n ke like blui h g een ften tinged
o It s . s s a -
,
s -
r o

with purple str ngly f ur a gled bearing in i re les sm ll c nical

, o o -
n ,
ts a o a o

bla k spines The fl wers appe r in June and c mplete their bl m ing
c . o a o oo

cycle within one month It might be added that they are highly p . s u s ce
38 AC TUS GUIDE C

tible to daylight and they close with the appr ach f dawn even d ys
, o o on a

th t tend be c l cl udy ;at least this has been the c se at the Mi

a to oo or o , a s

s uri B t nic l Garden since 93 The blo m of S l i

o o a a
p t h 1 1 . o s e e n c er eu s t er a n us

a ver ge eleven inches l ng The uter perianth segments sepals are

a o . o or

linear ab ut three and a half inches l ng yell wish with reddish tints
,
o o , o ,

while the uterm st are dull br nze c lored t purpli h b wn ;inner

o o o o o s -
ro

peri nth egments petals pure white sp tulate bl ng with acumi

a s or ar e , a -
o o

n te tips Stamens are very numer us greeni h cre m c l red the

a . o ,
s to a o o ,

upper w upturned slightly at the tips where the anthers pp r sh rter

ro a ea , o

th n the unequ l el ng ted l wer st mens which recline the side of

a a ,
o a o a on

th tube and are att ched along i t inner face two d three qua ters
e a s an -
r

inches The style i cre m c l red light green at the b se nine and a
. s a -
o o , a ,

h lf inches l ng and supp rts ab ut fifteen linear yell wi h green stigma

a o , o o , o s -

l bes at the apex L ng white silky hairs and bristles are b rne in the
o . o , ,
o

a x ils f the tiny red tipped greenish scales that c ver the vary and the
o -
o o

fu r wed fl r l tube
r o o a .

Of the ther S l i i some fl wers are larger than others and the
o e e n ce r e ,
o

o uter fl r l en v el pes may have varying sh des f yell w green or pur

o a o a o o , ,

ple while the h iry rnament may ls diff er in l r Gene lly the p
,
a o a o co o . ra , s e

cies pr ctic lly identic l but m y be distingui hed by the veget tive
ar e a a a a s a

char cters d re le rmament At le st twenty specie are rec gnized by

a an a o a . a s o

m st authorities The Garden s c llecti n f S l i i i not t

o . h
’
o o o e en cere s oo ex au s

tiv e alth ugh a representati v e l i being gr wn including S l i

,
o ot s o ,
e e n cer e u s

r an d i flo r u s n a u r e nsi s er a n t h u s S D o n ke laar i
’
c oni
fl S S h S t
g or u s , o .
p , . , .
, .
,

S Boe c hm a n n i i S Mac d o n ala i ae S uag a ns

.
’
, . o , . , and several thers whose
identity is still shr uded in d ubt o o .

CA N H CE EU S A T O R

An Acanth cereus plant is to be f und in practic lly every cactus

o o a

c llecti n The plants usu lly weak el ng ted and h ve m ny j ints

o o . ar e a ,
o a ,
a a o ,

while their funnel sh ped night bl ming white fl wer u u lly l rge
-
a ,
-
oo o s ar e s a a

and rather beautiful Young gr wth i ften terete ribbed and soft spiny . o s o , ,
-
,

while m ture stems are ften str ngly three angled and stiff pined New
a o o - -
s .

gr wth i so puzzling that many people ask whether the plants

o s ar e

grafted .
VA R I E T I E ACTI S OF C 39

A h p
c an t t g whi h w described
o c er e u s me gerly by Linn
en aeus on u s , c as a a

in 753 is1 f the ldest kn wn pecies Stems

,
on e o fi t ere t but o o s . at rs ar e c ,

being weak s n m ke rches d r t wherever they strike the gr und

, oo a a an oo o .

Perm itted t gr w like this outdoors in warm climates the pl nt will

o o ,
a

f rm l rge c l nies thickets in a sh rt time Young gr wth h six to

o a o o or o . o as

eight l w ribs and the ridge pr duce areoles with numer us sh rt i

o , s o o o ac c u

lar spine Adult gr w h i three fi ngled with c nic l subulate

s . o t s to y e- a o a to

spiny arm ment Se v eral r ces are rep rted d s me auth rities separate
a . a o ,
an o o

them into two or three distinct species .

is c mm nly called Barbed wire C actus

Ac a n t h oce r e u s pe n t ag on u s o o -
.

Its fl wers are ab ut seven inche l ng the floral tube d ovary greenish
o o s o ,
an

blue be ring a few nspicu us are les with tannish felt and several small
a co o o

varic l red pines Sepals are light green ;petals white narrow
o o s . quar , , on e-

ter inch wide S mens are very numerous t h filaments white the
. ta ,
e ,

anthers p le yell w Style is six and a qu rter inches l ng

a o mi h . a o , cr ea s ,

t pped by twelve similarly c l red stigma l bes This and A h

o o o o . c ant o c er e u s

fl
or i d are the nly
an u s A h i that are fou d wild in the United
o c an t ocer e n

St tes
a .

Ac an t h oc er e u s fr m the western c ast f M ex ico i an ther

oc c id e n t ali s , o o o , s o

f s inating pecies It bears fl wer nearly nine inches l ng the tube and
a c s . o s o ,

very sm ll vary t king up m re than three quarters f i leng h The

a o a o o ts t .

tube exp nds int a wide throat and i filled wi t h a mass f erect st mens
a o s o a

on e t o tw inches l ng the fil ments being white and the anthers bu ff

o o ,
a ,

yell w Fr m the center of this mass pr trude a thickened style the apex
o . o o s ,

di v ided in thirteen linear p le yell w stigma l bes The petals are ensi
to , a -
o ,
o .

f rm white slightly tinged with light yellowish green t ward the

o , or o

tips s me im es also flushed wit h pink Thr at sc les are lance l te green
,
o t . o a o a , ,

up an inch l ng wh ile the sep ls linear acuminate lighter in c l r

to o , a ar e , , o o ,

and ne rly w inches long a t o .

Ac a n t h oc er e u s fr m n rthern South America is still

c o lo m b i a n a s o o an

other h nds me species but acc rding Dr Le n C i this n me

a o , , o to . o r o z at , a

was reduced syn nymy under A h Pi j y in 943 The

to o c a nt oc er e u s ta a a 1 .

fl wer is
o of the largest in the C actaceae measuring up to a foot in
one ,
40 AC TUS GU I D E C

length The floral tube and throat are appr ximately nine inches l ng
. o o ,

light green on the utside slightly ridged Petals are white and number o , .

ar und f rty the innerm st being s mewh t sh rter Sepals are l nge
o o , o o a o . o r

t han the petals br wn green light green flu hed with pinkish br w

,
o -
to or s -
o n

in the middle St m en which att ched the wall f the tube ab ut

. a s, ar e a to o o

t hr e and a h a lf inches above the ovary p ssess white fil ments and light
e , o a

yell w anthers The style is S lender white nine in hes l ng d be r

o .
, , c o , an a s at

the p thirteen cream c l red stigm l bes Oth er pecies cultiv ted
to -
o o a o . s ar e a

and admired f their rn ment l v lue or o a a a .

H A IS IAS E R I OCE RE U S AN D RR

The genera E i and H rri ia are v ery much alike the chief dis
r o ce r e u s a s ,

t i g i h i g features occurring in the fruits The E i

n u s n i are usu lly . r oce r e a

vine like and railing or procumb nt with red and dehiscent ( splitting)
-
t e ,

f uits Harrisias on the other hand are mostly semi erect with yellowish
r .
, ,
-

or orange red fruit that are indehiscent ( not splitting) The E i

-
i s . r ocer e ,

of which there about eleven c mm n spe ies h av their h me in ar e o o c , e o

South America south f the equat r Harrisia i native t Fl rida the, o o . s o o ,

Bahamas and the West Indies , .

fr m Argentina is t h most popular species It is a

E r i oc er e u s M ar t i na o e .

clambering night fl w i g vine wh se tems attain a length f m ny

,
— o er n o s o a

feet Adult and y ung gr wth is f ur to six angled d tted with con
. o o o -
, o

s p i circular
c u ou s a e les from which a stout straw colored black tippedr o ,
-
,
-

spine pr trudes Flowers average ab ut nine inches long and are quit
o . o e

o d rifer us They are borne singly at reoles near t h ends f the l ng

o o . a e o o

branches The ovaries are tubercul te d bright green maturing int

. a an ,
o

crimson red fruits which produced abundantly and ad rn the dark

-
ar e o

green stems for many m nths The sepals are lance late light green ften o . o , , o

flushed with d pink at the tips Petals are blance late ob vate
re or . o o to o ,

white with a greenish base flushed with pale green thr ugh the mid or o

dle Stamens appear i n two series the inner ones being the longest and
.
,

attached to t h tube all the way up to the throat while the outer ones
e ,

are att ched to t h mouth of the throat i n a single w Style is seven

a e ro .

i n ch s long light gree n topped by twelve li n ear obtus gree n stigma

e , , , e,
42 ACTUS GUIDE C

is m re or less branched with stems which cylindric l and quite spiny

o ar e a .

The flowers are white up fiv e and a half in hes l ng b rne t w rd , to c o ,

o o a

the t ps of last year s gr wths The sepals h ve a reddi h greeni h hue

o
’
o . a s or s ,

and the pet ls are pure white Stamens h ve white fil m ents d cre my
a . a a an a

tan anthers The white style a trifle l nger th n the t mens h twelve
.
, o a s a , as

to f urteen white stigma lobes The fruit i gl br us spineles reddish

o . s a a o , s,
“
pple bout w inches l ng which ntains edible white pulp sprinkled
a
”
a t o o ,
co

wi h great numb r f shining black seeds This is the m t p pular

t a e o . o ne os o

an d best kn wn f the gr up o o o .

a delightful partner p sse ing medium sized

M o n ui lle a L a u t e r b ac h i i i s ,
o ss —

fl wers which are quite dazzling Sep ls greenish with lighter m rgins
o . a ar e a

while the petals are entirely white The slender whitish green style with .
-

i t sixteen li n ear white stigma l bes pr trudes from a circular mass of

s , , o o

stamens .

HE EN E A OT R G R

Ny is a slender temm ed m ny ribbed spiny genus f rna

c t o ce r e u s -
s ,
a ,
o o

ment l cacti gr wing wild in Mex ic Gu tem l d Ni gu Ny

a o o, a a a, an c ar a a . ct o

p
c e r e u s s er i which fir t came int pr
e nt na s , minence at the beginning of s o o

t h nineteenth century i the be t kn wn f the gr up M ny kn w it as

e , s s o o o . a o

the Sn ke C ctus
“
a Serpent C ctus a cc unt f its tem which
”
or
“
a
”
on a o o s s

cl mber thr ugh bushes ver w lls

a o reep d h ng in snake like , o a ,
or c an a -

fa hi n Fl we f this night bl ming C e eu

s o . o rs white d tt in a
o -
oo r s ar e an a a

size f seven and a h lf inche I tems erve excellent gr f ing st cks

o a s . ts s s as a t o .

M di e i S uth Ameri
oc ac t u s genus c nt i ni ng w species f
s a o c an o a t o o

epiphytes but nly M di

,
i oi in cultiv ti n In
one, g e oc ac t u s c occ n e u s , s a o . ve e

i
t at ve ch r cter it l ks much like Hyl cereus but the fl wers
a a oo a o ,
o ar e

sh ped m re like th se f Seleni ereus w ith ut the h ir

a o tube and
o o a c o a s on

o v ry The fl wer is l rge funnel h ped m ewh t fr gr nt at le t ten

a . o a ,
—s a , so a a a ,
as

d a h lf in ches l ng ;sep ls line r b ight g een widely spre ding ;

!

an a o a a ,
r r ,
a

pe l semi erect bl ng t b v te with err e apice white ;st mens

ta s -
, o o o o o a s at s, a

num e us cre my yell w with iden i lly l red ex serted style bearing
ro ,
a -
o t ca co o

at i p fifteen line r light greeni h stigma l bes

t s to a ,
-
s , o .

W b e i genus f C ent l Am eric n cacti with stems resem

e r oc e r e u s s a o ra a

bli ng a slender Hylocereus or better S till a f rm f Rhipsali Only three , , ,

o o s .
VA R I E T I E S O F C A C T I 43

species are kn wn d these p sse r ther insignificant bl ssoms f light

o ,
an o ss a o o

pink r se col r white

, o o , or .

W kl er c is n ther C ntr l Americ n genus f epiphytic h bit

e o ce r e u s a o e a a o a ,

much resem bling Hyl ereu H wever it m y be di tingui hed by its a oc s . o ,

a s s

medium sized sh rt funnel f m fl we which bear m ny bl kish

—
, o ,
-
or o rs a ac

spined and bl k felty are les v ry d fl wer tube Unf tun ely
ac -
o on o a an o . or at ,

b th f these l st w gener
o o r rely f und in c lle ti n in this
a t o a ar e a o o c o s

c untry
o .

Wilm t mi i fl gr ws in Gu tem l
at e a d H nduras I slender
nu t or a o a a a an o . ts

stems resemble th e f Hyl ereu but i fl wers much sm ller with os o oc s, ts o ar e a

a n rr w lim b d with a very sh rt tube There i nly

a o an species o . s o on e .

S ph tr ot Wi t i i i a r re Br zilia endemic which inhabits swampy

oc ac u s t s a a n

f rest f the A m z n regi n I fl E piphyllum like stems twi t b ut

o s o a o o . ts at , -
s a o

the trunks f rees d pr duce el ng ted l rge fl wer th t resemble

o t an o o a ,
a o s a

th se f Seleni ereus At p e en it i
o o kn wn in cultiv ti n nywhere
c . r s t s no t o a o a ,

but it i a n velty whi h sh uld be reintr duced

s o c o o .

Of the t ut c lum n r n cturn l C erei the L p h

s o , o is inter a , o a ,
o o ce r e u s an

e ting genus n tive M ex ic and s uthern Ariz n The generic n me

s a to o o o a . a ,

signifying cre ted C ereus refers the bristly t p f the fl wering stem
s , to o o o

whi h i c lumn r and quite st ut Be use f the l ng bristles the

c s o a o . ca o o on

fer ile j ints it is s meti m es given the n me Whi ker C actus The m st
t o o a s .
”
o

so ugh t fter species is m nstr us f rm c mm nly kn wn the T tem

—a a o o o o o o as
“
o

P le C ctus I fl wers
o a r her sm ll b ut
.
”
ts and a half inches
o ar e at a , a o one

l ng pening e rly in the evening d cl ing the f ll wing m rning

o , o a an os o o o .

The genu T i h c nt ins m ny types f gr wth habit Quite

s r c ocere u s o a a o o . a

fe w f the spe ies gr w l w bu he ; me are prostr te and f rm den e

o c o as o s s so a o s

thi kets ;while few ume gig ntic pr p rti ns The stems usu lly
c a as s a o o o . ar e a

ch r terized by m ny ribs thi kly Set with are les and usu lly v ery
a ac a , c o a

spiny The l rge n cturn l funnel sh ped fl wer are m tly white ften
. a ,
o a ,
— a o s os , o

highly fr g nt Ab ut twenty eight spe ies rec rded f m the Andes

a ra . o — c ar e o ro

M un in f South Ameri
o ta S m e f the species
s o T i h Sp ca . o o ,
as r c o c er e u s a

chi are used st ck in gr fting but with they have a tendency

an u s , as o a , us

to rot if refully wa ched not ca t .

The genus Lem ire cereus b st very tall cacti M st of them br nch a
”w o k
o oa s . o a

from the b e fr m l w trunks the branches gr wing erect in cl sely

r

as or o o o o
,

set fashi n remindful f the pipes of an rg n M st f the species b ar

o o o a . o o e
44 AC TUS GUIDE C

flowers that pen during the day but there are a f w like L m i
o , e e a r e oc e r e u s

hy i L q
s t r x, d i L S . dl yi and L C
u e ae w ig h i
on s, with . t an e , . ar t r t an u s no c

turna l bl s ms M re t h n twenty spe ies f Lemaire cereus

o so . o li ed
a c o o ar e st ,

each highly rn m ent l T h i

one
g f di o tributia n e x tend fr m a . e r
'

r an e o s o s o

s uthern Ariz n th ugh Mex ic Peru d V enezuela d int C ub

o o a ro o to an an o a .

The stems of all unex celled st ck f gr fting the gl bul r kindsar e as o or a o a

of cacti .

E ly h i is a C hile n genus f f ur species inh bi ing d y hills In

u c n a a o o a t r .

s me parts f the C hile n de erts these f rm the d min nt fe ure but

o o a s o o a at , as

yet they are plentiful in Ameri n llec i ns The white pinkish

not ca co t o . or

fl wers
o b th diurn l d n cturn l
ar e o a an o a .

F h i
ac is a r re B zili n and Peruv i n genu f bushy h bit t
e roa a ra a a s o a no

well kn wn in c llecti ns yet It i much b nched d v e y spiny i

o o o as . s ra an r ,
ts

n cturn l fl wer b rne

o a o p h li m he d
s c on i ing f c m p t
on a ce a u or a o s st o a o ac

mass f reddi h br wn w l hair The fl we s

o s — o ve y sm ll d oo or . o r ar e r a an

white .

Zh e ll i
n t n er e t ll slender much br nching genus fr m Br zil One
a s a a , ,
-
a o a .

species Z h ,
ll e
q m l i
n t n er ekn wn e x i ta sand it i r rely
ua een u os a , s o to s , s a s

in c lle ti ns It i s id p duce very small white n turn l fl wer

o c o . s a to ro oc a o s

with m ny l ng h irs inside the thr t

a o a oa .

Bi g h m i i
n bushy m re le s br n hed tus with the h bit f
a a s a , o or s a c c ac a o

T i h
r c but l wer d with m ller white n cturn l fl wers The
oce r e u s , o an s a , , o a o .

genus c nfined Peru The few spe ies

Is o f sl w gr wth and ve y
to . c ar e o o o r

shy bl mers oo .

B w i gi i
ro n n f the m st gr te que gener in the C ct ce e It
a s on e o o o s a a a a .

cont in a l ne pecies B w i gi
a s o d l i w h i h gr ws
s ,
high alti
ro n n a ca n e ar s , c o at

tude in C hile d Pe u Spe imen pr duce ingle upright trunk with

s an r . c s o a s

curi usly pre ding d ping br n he the p T h f nnel h ped

o s a or r oo a c s at to . e u -
s a

fl wers
o little cur v ed ne rly white d pen in the ev ening
ar e a , a ,
an o .

C eph l cereu a o d Pil ereu w l ely llied gene wi h mem

s an oc s ar e t o c os a ra t

bers n ti v e F l id Mex i We t Indies G u tem l C l m bi V ene

a to or a, co, s ,
a a a, o o a,

l Peru Br zil
z u e a, d E cu d r F
,
the m t p t hey tall ere t
a , an a o . or os ar ,
t ar e ,
c ,

and c lum n r with sm ll bell h ped fl we The m ut t nding p

o a ,
a -
s a o rs . o st o s a s e

cies i C ph l
s e ili the f m Old M C tu of M ex ic
a oc er e u s sen s, a ou s an ac s o

which every c ctus f n ier de ires p es a a c s to oss s .

VA R I E T I E ACTI S OF C 45

S i i a m n typic genus of Argentina with l rge n cturnal

t e t so n a s o o a o

fl wer pr duced the upper p t f the branches The tree att ins i m
o s o on ar o . a

men e pr p rti ns and is much br nch ed It is ex trem ely sl w gr wer

s o o o a . an o o

but m ll pl nts plentiful and av il ble in the trade

s a a ar e a a .

A h rt d L rocere u s are r ther r re Br zili n gener i f

an eo c e r e u s a a a a a n re

quently if ll seen in c llecti ns ;h wever the first is being p p

,
at a , o o o ,
ro a

g ed in C alif rnia
at o .

D d en is a C uban genus its one species D d

r oc e r e u s di fl , ,
en r oc er e u s n u or u s ,

being h i k runked many br nched tree with large white fl wers O

a t c —t
,
-
a o . ur

origin l specimen w d maged severely during the hailst rm f M y

a as a o o a ,

19 7 but
2 it flowered
,
d fruited bef re it died a few years later and o an

seedlings fr m it have be me e t blished The plant i still rare in col

o co s a . s

lecti ns o .

The st tely but th rny C rnegie c lled Saguar in the S uthwest is

a o a a, a o o ,

one f the largest and n ble t f ll

o ti It t wers m jestic lly with o s o a c ac . o a a ,

i ed ndel br like arm s b v e all ther desert vegetati n Only

ra s , ca a a -
,
a o o o . one

spe ie C gi gig
c s, exi ts d it i plentiful in Ariz n which
ar n e ea a n t e a, s an s o a

sta te has ad pted i fl wer ffici lly The trunk and branches f the
o ts o o a . o

S gu r
a fluted d rmed with st ut spine
a o ar e in long straight r ws
an a o s se t o .

In l e spring white waxy bl m d rn the ip f the stems gr wing

at o sso s a o t s o , o

singly but l e t gether d giving a be utiful lu tered eff ect

c os o an a c s .

The genu C ereus nt in nearly thirty pecies m t f whi ch are p

s co a s s os o u

righ t t ll d much br nched The be t fl wering specie in

, a , an c llecti n
a . s o s our o o

i C s lid Its slender br n he re h the r f f the C ctus H use

er e u s a a us . a c s ac oo o a o

an d pr duce e v er l hundred bl
o m during the u m m er se
s a n The o s so s s a so .

frui whi h pr du ed c pi u ly h ve h bit f plitting while till

t s, c ar e o c o o s ,
a a a o s s

t hed the branches re v e ling the rich ri m s n pulp within V i it rs

a t ac to , a c o . s o

wh o cquainted with c tus fl wers ften refer to the l rful

ar e no t a ac o o co o

dehi cing fruits fl wer

s as o s

The night bl ming C erei

.

h wh le
-
ooeasy ma age d one , on t e o , ar e to n an

or w f rm sh uld be included even in the humble t of collecti ns

t o o s o s o .

Watching the l vely bl ss m unfurl their imm cul te pet ls i a thrill

o o o s a a a s

o f a lifetime d y wi ll inv ite y ur friends t enj y this rare spectacle

an ou o o o

with you A cactus fan thinks that such dazzling beauty and fragran ce
.

can be found i n no other plan t .

46 C ACTUS GUIDE
NGLE C A C TI J U

The v er ge p rson thinks f cacti nly despic ble pl nts gr wing

a a e o o as a a o

in the h ttest and driest regi ns of the de ert It i wr ng believe that

o o s . s o to

all c cti inh bit h arid l nds d th t all wi kedly rm ed d ugly

a a ot , a an a ar e c a an

to l k Wh t great surprise i in st re f y if y
oo at . a a f the s o or ou o u ar e o n e o

d ubting Th mases !
o o

In the m ist warm jungle f tr pical and subtr pical America is a

o s o o o

gr up f pl nts that enj y the me kind of life ferns b m l r hids

o o a o sa as , ro e s, o c ,

beg nias and ar ids Perched high b ve the gr und in cr t hes d

o , o . a o o o c an on

the br nches and trunks f trees epiphytic cacti are subject clim tic
a o ,
not to a

caprices as are the desert kinds The pl nts snugly anch red to the . a , o

r ugh b rk by r ts escape the direct r ys f the sun well rough

o a oo ,
a o as as

winds th t bl w un b ted in m re pen sp e The le fy c n py of trees

a o a a o o ac s . a a o

allows filtered light reach the pl nts ;it dimini he the f rce f tr pi to a s s o o a o

cal rainst rm d permits a gentle spr ying rather than a r ugh be ting
o an a o a .

It ls permits free circulati n f air d the humid warmth th t scends

a o o o , an a a

fr m the d nk fl r i beneficial
o a oo s .

The true species of epiphytic c cti are es nti lly pl nts with l ng or a se a a o

sh rt fl ttened br nches with n tches l ng the ma gins in which the

o a a o a o r ,

are les o l ted If they

ar e not flattened they ssume cylindrical
oca . ar e ,
a or

angular stem br nching and rebranching until a he vy pendent m ss is

s a a a

the re ult S me f these branches may re ch a lengt h f twenty feet

s . o o a o .

M ny of the Rhips lis f in t nce hang in an extremely graceful man

a a , or s a ,

ner fr m the giant branches f f rest trees d theref re m ke excellent

o o o an o a

basket pl nt in greenh uses and sun p rches

a s ou r o o .

The true E piphyllums are m stly f nigh t bl m ing h bit with fl wers o o -
oo a o

described lily like and funnel sh p d up ne rly f t in length

as - -
a e , to a a oo .

These are the species that h v been cr ssed with c l rful day bl ming a e o o o -
oo

kinds whi h pr duced the fl mb yant hybrid

c w p pul rly c lled
o a o s, no o a a
“
rchid cacti by many gr wers becaus their fl wers riv l and ev en ex cel
o
”
o e o a

the rchid in c l r C mmerci l gr wers h v e ince about 935 d

o o o . o a o a ,
s 1 , a ve r

t i d the E piphyllum hybrids under

se rchid c ti feeling th t the n me o ac ,
a a

h lds a m e p pul r appe l th n the b t nic l name H wever the

o or o a a a o a a . o ,

E piphyllum S ciety f Ame i wh se members are dedic ted a bet

o o r c a, o a to

ter unders anding f th se plants is trying disc urage its us ge b

t o o ,
to o a ,
e
VA R I E T I E S O F C A C T I 47
c u e s me f the public is a little c nfused ab ut the term and m ny
a s o o o o a

o f th em under the err neous impressi n that these hybrids

ar e rchid o o ar e o s

r her th n true c ti I m sure the general public will persist in u ing

at a ac .
’
s

the name f l ng time ! or a o

F better acqu inta ce with jungle cacti and f an underst nding f

or a n or a o

their culture I will attempt n m e d de cribe all f the di v erse f rms

,
to a an s o o

under this gr uping There are w chief subtribes t be de lt with the

o . t o o a :

E p i p h yll d the R h i p li d
an ae The f rmer c ntains species with
an sa an ae . o o

unusually l rge fl wers where s the l tter n rmally exhibit very sm ll

a o ,
a a o a

fl wers but in greater bund nce

o a a .

U ually all the jungle c cti inh bit f rest trees fallen l g or m i t
s ,
a a o , o s, o s

r ck f ces in t h rain f re ts f S uth Americ the h te ming l nds

o a e o s o o a, ot s a a

o f C entr l America and the West Indies

a well the den e w ded ,
as as s oo

tracts f M ex ic They prefer an eri l life anch ring their r ts in the

o o . a a ,
o oo

fi d bark f trees
ssu r e dep siting them in cr tches d p ckets where
o or o o an o

humus i st red Not nly are they found trees but s me even find
s o . o on , o

security in cr k d crevices of t ny escarpments in the cushi n f

ac s an s o or o s o

m s dr ping m ist b rr nc w lls

os a o a a a a .

We call these inhabit nts epiphyte bec use they att ch th em el v a s a a s es

t o ot her bjects f security nly Their n uri hment c mes fr m the i

o or o . o s o o a r

or fr m the humus in which they gr w never fr m heir h sts If h

o o —
o t o . t e

l tter were true t hey would have be called parasite like the Mistlet e
a to s, o

whi h a tually steals nutrients fr m its h st d ften uses h de th f

c c o o an o ca t e a o

i benef t r N ne f the c cti

ts ac o s id be p r siti
. o o a ar e a to a a c .

E piphytic cacti seem to prefer the c mp ny f ther pl nts in the wild o a o o a .

On my expl rati n trips I n ticed huge m sses of li hens and m s es

o o o a c o s as

well f miliar fl wering pl nt su h the rchid beg ni peper

as a o a s, c as o s, o as , o

mi d lu h r id Fr m thi en v i nment we get

a s , an s a o ide h w be t
s . o s ro ou r as o s

to tre t the pl nt in h me and h w t duplic te t h se requirem ents

a a s our o s o o a o .

Fi t f ll jungle ti will require a f irly l se p r us s il sem i cid

rs o a , c ac a oo o o o ,
a

in ch r cte th t be perfe tly dr ined fter e ch drenching Since h

a a r, a c an c a a a . t e

pl nt prefer
a s e ial p iti n it giv es
an a r ide th t they desire a l a os o , u s an a a oc

ti n ll wing adequ e circul ti n f air and altern te light d shade

o a o at a o o a an .

The m unt f sp ce at y ur di p sal will determine the number and

a o o a o s o

v ie ies th t
ar t be gr wn The v erage wind w sill will
a c an mm o . a o n o t acco o

d te m ny f the large fl wered types like the E piphyllums but a few

a a o o ,
4 8 AC TUS GUIDE C

p ts f Zyg cactus Schlumberge a and R hipsalis are possible E p iphyl

o o o ,
r , .

lums and their hybrids m re suit ble f s m ll greenh uses sun ar e o a or a o ,

p r he d p ci us bay windows Sh wc es in st res are t to be

o c s, an s a o . o as o no

overl ked eitheroo

,
.

E I H LLU MS P P Y

The E piphyllums and their g rge u hybrids the Orchid C cti will b o o s ,
a , e

de lt wi t h first The true species

a lready st ted p ssess mostly whit
.
, as a a , o e

fl wers which pen in the black of night Their g wth i erect at first
o o . ro s

but later tends bec me penda t h nging Since they need l ts fto o n or a . o o

space they fi t subjects f the greenh use p rch The fl wers are
,
ar e or o or o . o

very large and h wy with a tube which is ften l ng and slender

s o , o o .

S metime the e i
o peculi r bending just above the vary likened t a
s r s a a o o

sax ph ne D utchman s pip The fl wers last nly f

o o or night and ’
e . o o or on e

usu lly bec me limp d dr ping the cr ck f d wn There are

a o an oo at a o a .

ar und i xteen true species

o s all f them in cultiv tion however Prob ,
no t o a , .

ably the be t kn wn d m t ultiv ted i E pi ph yll m yp t l m

s o an os c a s u ox e a u .

E p i p h yllu m
p f und in all parts f C entral America and
oxy e t al u m is o o

extends s me f the S uth American untries the s uth and int

to o o o co on o o

Me x ico in h n rth The dense gr wth be mes w dy at base from

t e o . o co oo

which long thin ften wavy branche arise The br nche p se a

, ,
o s . a s os ss re

curving h bit that the tip s often re ch the gr und d ro t thus

a so a o an o ,

h ving a tenden y to creep The e br nches may att in a length f nine

a c . s a a o

feet m re The pe ie i univers lly cultiv ted in ll parts of the

or o . s c s s a a a

w rld and in the M idwest gr wers ften refer it Night bl ming

o , o o to as
“
-
oo

C ereus alth ugh thi is a misn mer the plant d es bel ng the
”
, o s o as o no t o to

C e eus tribe
r ll Whene v er thi c ctus fl wers in the S L oui rea you
at a . s a o t . s a

can be sure th t pe ple will call the l c l newsp pers a nnounce the o o a a to a

event The fl wers l ng d st ut with a reddish tube having a few

. o ar e o an o

n r w scales They are quite fragr nt especially when several are in

ar o . a

bl m at the same time The fl wers average ab ut twelve inches in

oo . o o

length including the tube which is le st six inches l ng Ordinarily the at a o .

fl wer tube i red tinted t pped by reddish amber pals and bl ng

o s o to se o o

white petals ;but as it is a vari ble species there is also a f rm with a a ,

o

greenish tube and greenish white sepals -

.
5 0 AC TUS GUIDE C

t hickness twelve to thirteen inches l ng and a c mp r tively small

,
o ,
o a a

c r ll with pet ls nly in h l ng The l ng slender reddi h style

o o a a o an c o . o , , s

be h rt white stigm l be The fruits are ex tremely c l rful being

ar s s o a o s . o o ,

o bl ng slightly furr wed vivid red d three inches more l ng

o , o , ,
an or o .

f shi ned species which at first w

E pi p h yllu m H o o her i i s a o o ld a o n ther -
as

err ne u ly mi taken
o o s s because it als h
f o r E p i p h yllu m p h ylla n t h u s o as a

l ng lender fl wer tube It mes f

o , s o V ene uel where it gr ws in
c o r o m z . a, o

large m s e the r ck d trees The fl wers are scentless with pure

a s s on o s an . o ,

white pet ls d n rr w greeni h pink ep ls The style is rather c l rful

a an a o ,
s — s a . o o ,

being yell w b e rmine in the middle d pinkish at the t p with

o at as , ca ,
an o

ten twel v e r di ting yell w stigm l bes

to a a , o ,
a o .

a gi nt
E pi ph yllu m g u at e m a le n s e i s n rr w petaled pecies a -
flo w e r e d, a o — s

whi h very easy gr w

c is to specific name suggests it w fir t
o As its .
, as s

f und in Gu tem l b ut f rty year g but it l gr ws wild in

o a a a a o o -
o ne s a o, a so o

C hi p s M e x ic
a awhere T m M D g ll bserved it gr wing large
, o, o ac ou a o o on

trees in c m p ny with the beautiful r hid C l y Ski i N nly

o a o c ,
at t e a n n er . ot o

did he find it in gre t abund nce the r d between T pachul d a a on oa a a an

C h t n but in several ther distric t w rd O x c I find it a vig r

ac a oa a , o ts o a a a a . o

ou s gr wer its rsely cren te fl green br nches upp rting night

o , c oa a , at , a s o

bl m ing bl ssoms nine inches m e in di meter The fl wer pet ls

oo o , or or a . o a

are very n r w d ep ls sc le like The l ng gl ssy style supp rts

a ro ,
an s a ar e a -
. o , o o

r nge tigm l bes

o a s a o .

E pi p h yllu m a p pular and c mm n species f und in m st

s t r ict u m is o o o o o

c llecti ns It i sturdy erect pl nt with w dy b se and r ther st ut

o o . s a , a oo a a o

b anches ne rly w in hes br ad It i a g d bl m er the fl wers p

r a t o c o . s oo oo ,
o a

pe ing fr m July thr ugh Oct ber They

ar o m der tely l rge with o o . ar e o a a

n r w p inted white pet ls The pink cerise style with yell w tigm
a ro , o , a . to o s a

l be i quite pr minent This pl nt is c mm n in Mex i and Gu te

o s s o . a o o co a

m l and is f und far s uth Pan m a

a a o as o as a .

E pip h yllu m been used extensively in hybridizing It i

c r e n at u m h as . s

not ble f the fact that the fl wer

a or diurnal and st y pen f ever l o s ar e a o or s a

d ys M st of the ther true species bl m at n ight It is a sturdy and

a . o o oo .
VA R I E T I E S O F C A C T I 5 1

r bust pl nt with w dy terete ems d r ther sti ff deeply cut gl uc us

o a oo st an a , , a o

br nches th t ex hibi a hick midrib The l rge fl wers cre m l red

a a t t . a o ar e a co o

to greenish yell w delic ely scented It h il fr m H nduras and Gu e

-
o ,
at . a s o o at

m la a .

E pi p h yllu mp fr m M e x ic i s mewh t simil r E

s t eno i h
pp y l e t al u m o o s o a a to

but p e e wider flex ible j int d i fl wers h ve m ny

lu m s t r i c t u m os s s s s ,
o s , an ts o a a

n r w petals d a s m ewh t unple s nt d r It i a r bu t g wer and

a ro an o a a a o o . s o s ro

be used as a b sket pe imen can m t f the E piphyllum s

c an a s c , as os o .

h il fr m C sta Ric and i distinguished

E pi p h yllu m m ac r opt er u m a s o o a s

by h rny ngled br nches d very l rge fl we th t are d y bl m ing

o —a a an a o rs a a -
oo

and fr gr nt The fl wer la displ ys cu v ed tube which is char cter

a . o a so a a r a

i i f the better kn wn E p i ph yll m

st c o yp l m o u ox eta u .

E pi p h yllu m and E D h w utstanding Mex ic n

a n g u li g er . ar r a zz a r e t o o a

spe ie B th be r fl wer th t neither large

c s . o especi lly sh wy but
a o s a ar e nor a o ,

the p ttern f the stem s i unique th t it m ke these w pe ie

a o s so a a s t o s c s at

tr ive ll times The br nches are deeply n tched lm t the thick

ac t at a . a o a os to

ened m idrib and s mewh t resem ble the backb ne f a fi h th t o a o o s , so a

F ishb ne C ctu i o ppr pri te name f hem Alth ugh the gr wth
a s s an a o a or t . o o

i v riable E pi p h yll m D
s a h i i p ses s scending
, d m re p inted u ar r a os se a an o o

stem l be th n E pi ph yll m g lig The stem l bes f the latter are

o s a u an u er . o o

m re r unded
o the tips The fl wers practic lly identical have s me
o at . o ,
a , o

di tingui hing diff erences E piph yll m D h i i h l ng lender green

s s . u ar r a as a o , s ,

tube with very few g eeni h ppres ed cales and b ut twelve lem n r s a s s a o o

yell w sepals with m stly pure white but ften yell w tipped pet ls On
o , o o o -
a .

the her hand h fl wers f E pi ph yll m g lig

ot , perh p slightly
t e o o u an u er ar e a s

sm ller witha cales the sh rter fl wer tube and with p ler green
no s on o o a

br wn sepals d f intly green tinged pet ls B th pe ies fr gr nt

,

o an a a . o s c ar e a a .

a sm ll C osta R ic n cactus with gl ssy

E pi p h yllu m le pi doc ar p u m i s a a o

green br nches less th n

a inches wide Fl wers quite pretty bout
a t wo . o ar e , a

eight inches long with a greeni h red tube supporting reddish scales and
, s -

t pped by pale carmine sepals and pure W hite petals

o .
VA R I E T I E ACTI S OF C 53
E pi p h yll m g i t ll much
u br nched c arsely
c ar t a cren te pl nte ns e s a a , a , o a a

which pp ren ly i m po ed f ever l races ex hibiting v riable m

a a t s co s o s a a ar

g i l di
na ff erences in stems size f fl wers d c l r f the s yle ,
o o , an o o o t .

E pi p h yllu m in culti v i n but

c a u d at u m an d E .
g r a n d il o b u m ar e at o ar e

not cle rly defi ned The f r m er i M ex ic n pla t ch terized by a

a . o s a a n ar a c

supp edly l ng cum in t t il like gr wth the tip f the br nches

os o ,
a a e or a -
o at o a ,

while the latte h m der ely l ng but ex trem ely wide br nches that
r as o at o a

give it i peci fi c n me B th pecies

ts s n cturn l bl mers a . o s ar e o a oo .

E I H LL U M H Y BR IDS
P P Y

Alth ugh the true pecies f E piphyllum p se l rge and fairly beau
o s o os ss a

tiful fl w er hey o c l rful their hybrid whi h c m e in i

s, t ar e n o t as o o as s c o n

nume ble sh pe ize and fl r l l rs M re th n century g the

ra a s, s s, o a co o . o a a a o

fir t E u pe n hybridi t m de su ces ful r between Br dle f

s ro a s a a c s c oss a oa a

C tus
ac d S C ereu an mbini g the best tr it f b h pl nt Later
a un s, c o n a s o ot a s .
,

o th ers t k up h w k using her el ted m teri l d by meth d f

oo t e or , ot r a a a an , o o

p llin i n c p llin ti n lfi g d selecti n were ble pr duce

o at o , r os s -
o a o , se n an o ,
a to o

a brilli nt c l r r nge in these new h yb id By 897 least 37 n mes

a o o a r s . 1 at 0 a

were li ted by C h le Sim n breeder S in Ouen Paris

s ar s o , ,
a t— ,
.

It be fely s id th t at the pre ent tim e th ere mu t be le st

c an sa a a s s at a

diff erent Orchid C c i in ex i tence and new nes being dded a t s ,

o ar e a

annually the gr wing list T re unt t h history f E piphyllum h y

to o . o co e o

b i di i g it w uld be ne e
r z n y dev te m ny m re p ges th n c uld
o c s s ar to o a o a a o

be ll tted in thi b k H we v er it i permi sible ske ch hybridiz tion

a o s oo . o ,
s s to t a

in the Uni ed St te d m en i n pre ent d y breeders

t a s an t o s -
a .

Am e i n in e est in E pip h yllum b eeding d e b k about 9 6

r ca t r r at s ac to 1 2 ,

when M H M Wegener f L Angele beg n im p rt the E ur pe n

r . . . o os s a to o o a

hybrid Their f in ti n led him ex pe im ent ti n and so n he beg n

s . as c a o to r a o o a

to pr duce m ny rigin l hybrid f h i w Dr R W P index ter d

o a o a s o s o n . . . . o an

M C l ri n S l w e l li ted e rly i m p rter of E u pean hybrids

rs . a o tee e er a so s as a o s ro

an d like M W egener b g n
, pr duce m ny fi ne ses Dr P in
r .
, e a to o a cr o s . . o

dex ter m e h n y her E piphyllum f ncier w influenti l in p p

, or t a an ot a , as a o u

l i i g h
ar z n pl ts in thi unt y It w he wh published l rge
t ese an s co r . as o a a

cat l g in 94 de ling ex clu iv ely with Orchid C acti

a o 1 1 a s .
54 A C T U S G U I D E C

Pre nt Ameri n hybridizers are M Ge tr de W Be hm C c us

se ca rs . r u . a , a t

Pete the C lidge G rdens d M There a M m i ll f wh se

,
oo a ,
an rs . s on on er , a o o

e t bli hments e x cept the l st I was able inspect my trips C li

s a s a to on to a

f or nia .

ince it w uld t be p ible list d describe ll the kn wn hybrids

S o no oss to an a o

here I must refer you t c t l gs d li put

, by the m m er i l
o a a o an st s ou t co c a

firm d l the B ll t i f h E pip h yll m S i y f A m i whi h

s an a so t o u e n o t e u oc e t o er c a c

is c nducting rese rch th t aids in the st nd rdiz i n f n mes H w

o a a a a at o o a . o

ever in rder aid y in ch ing v rie ies I will li t a number f

,
o to ou oos a t , s o

the e hybrids under c l r c teg rie but it i be rem em bered th t m ny

s o o a o s, s to a a

o f the fl wer may h v e m re than

o utst nding c l r in their make
s a o on e o a o o

up Only h e h r icultur l varieties li ted which are readily btain

. t os o t a ar e s o

able i the tr de n a .

G R U O P ONE WH I TE C REA M
—
, , YELLOW
A d mi l T ra og o Di m d L i l
a on Iv y Q e
or ue n

A lb i no D v o f P e e o e ac K y Di d
at -

A lb S pus u er b i s s im u s E M n
as t e r n or L ar se n i
A m i ll ar o Ed en L o n do n n
A g li
n e no Elf e L os A n ge e s l L ie uc t

A z u se n a Em ld I le era s L it e
uc

B bya E kims o L u na

B by D ll
a o E llist re ta Ly ra

B ll R
a et u sse F di er d S h m ll
n an c o M d m C h i g K i Sh k
a a an a -
e

B L
en s
’
au r a F i
r a n c sc o Md a on n a

B lheu a F S h i ll r
r au v o n c e M g li
a no a

Bl a n co G d iar en a M mm h M
a ot oo n

B id l V i l
r a e G h os t Mi lky W y a

B p
u t t er cu Go ld S r ta M l i gh
oo n t

C as t n o r i G r e t c h e n St e u dt e Moo n love
C h am p ag n e Gr e t n a Gr e e n Mt Lo f t
. y
C h ar l L ki es ar n Hl a o Ni a
g ar a

C it r i e n H v Sea en cent Pa d ua

C o op e r u H li h
e an t us Pa p M n
er oo

Cr y l
st a Cup I d Gl y
ce or Pa u l d L gp e
e on r

De s e r t Go ld I i l
c c e Pe ac e
De u t s c hl d an Iv y or Ph a n t o m
VA R I E T I E S O F C ACTI 55

Ph b e
oe S h lim r
a a

Ph p h
os or Sh as t a

P l Be
o ar ar Si kt a

P d Li ly
on S wD p
no ro

P F D R evel
r es. . . oo s t S f B h l h em
t ar o et e

R gi d l C h i
e na e ar o S D t ar u st

San J i ac n t o S unGl w o

S F
an t a e Th m e S g
e on

S id d
er en a T wh d
o ea

S v n Up
e e T i mph
r u

G ROUP
RA NGE T O AUTUM N SH ADE S
T WO— O

A p llo o Fl mi g Ri h d D i a n o c ar e ne r

A i
r t sta Fl del S l S A i or o an n t on o

A mn
utu F i d i h B ed e ker S B din re r c o c an e r n ar o

A G b i el H n Se q i
’
zt e c a r s or uo a

Bli ss Gl i Si lve M n or a r oo

B hm
ra a G ld n E m bl em S w Q een o e no u

C li f
a i Be y
or n a G ld en G l e m
au t S hl d o a ou t an

C m i ll S h ei d e
a o H w ii
c n S pe i
r a a c osa

Ca s s an d ra I di n S mm S p i de Q een n a u er r u

Cl e
eo n K d li S lle e a o a te tt

Cou n t e E lle D h e y L k i
ss st e S o Be m n ac ne r un a

C p f G ld
u o L o i S G dd e o n ot s un o e ss

Curt B k b g ac L d e er S ie o e s t ar u nr s

D an t e Mi B ve ly S q h ss e r us ue an n a

D ar r ell Mi S M i T g i e ss an t a on ca an er n

D i K e
en s Nvj
u c ra T gi a a o an er s

D e ser t S ie N ll i C w ll
unr s Ti i e e ant e t an

D r . R d
von N w Y k
oe er Tp e or o az

E h e
nc an t r Ob e ss P M K h i h T p y T vy r st . . u nr c o s -
ur

Eve O g e N y m p h T d r an r oc a er o

F d l
e a a P i T l l ar a c u t n u u osa

Fi esta Pi e G ld Vl i r at o a enc a

Fl m n
a e co P i de f Ven r r o tu a
5 6 C AC TUS GUI DE
G O R UP TH REE —
RE D

A l t S tta co E m p e r at r i c e Mi N y B ll
ss an c e

Am be Q e n r u e E r e b e lla M j ve
o a

Am i n G i l
er ca r E b re us Nm do a

A m l et u E t i n s o la t e Ot t o Si e p ke
A b i n N ig h t
ra a E il de C i h e
to e on t c P l K bl
au a ne e

Ait t
r s oc r a F n
a sa P e ga su s
At l as F l ffu P oi n s e t t i a

B hi
a a F r a n c h e s ki Pr of u s i o n
B li
a F r a n c o i s Ve r h ae r t P pl Fl
ur e a me
B m bi
a no Fri d i h We B e l R d L
e r c r ne r u e et t er

B d
an an a F i d W eg e e
r en R d Wi g n r e n

B an n e rR d e F h li g
ru R pe i e
n e r to r

B b F i hi
ar ar a r etc e G m a ut Ri ot

B l g i n Pf
e a au G ar n e t R ot t kap c h e n
Bl k M h
ac onarc G em r an i a Rg u os a

Bl e Fl m m e
au a G yp y s Gi r l S E H el n
c ot t . as to

Ble di g He t
e n ar H e ar t s
’
De i es r S i e n or ta

B i lli
r an t He r mo s u s S i egf ied r

C b h n
a oc o Imp S l py H ll w
ee o o

C men
ar I n f er n o S El
t e r n vo n r au

C ar twh eel In ne r G lw
o T l
a r an t u a

C at tley a J an e t T h or i nn e
C k
e a Je n ki n s o n u T hu n d Bi d
er r

D k Viar y c t or J iher c o Th un d Cl d
er ou

D mi i n
o n o Je b l
ze e Ti ff an y
D g ra Ey e on s
’
J lib i
o o s T r eas u r e C h est
D H gh n
r . ou to J l S h l mb ge
u es c u er r T l ip
u

Eb i on t e K i kat r n a Vi v R e o u ge

E d ah Ki m s et Vi v i ana

El M e on t L i vi g n s t on Wa r r i e r
El Rey Mi k d a o

G O R UP F OU R — LIGH T TO D EEP PI NKS

Ali ce S er
g e a n t B ll e a

Allu r o s a Bl h us

A r gu s Bl h O D wn
us
’
a
5 8 C ACTUS GUIDE
CH I S M AS A U S R T G OT

Sc rcely any collector f house plants I S with ut the ld fashi ned

a o o o -
o

C hri tma C actus which h

s been a fav rite ever since it w intr duced
s , as o as o

m re t han a century g It i a bushy pl nt f gr ceful rching habit

o a o . s a o a a ,

c m p sed f thin gl ssy le f like joints up to t w inches l ng Zyg

o o o , o a -
o o . o

m rphi fl wers extremely beautiful and p sses a distinct sh pe fr m

o c o ar e o s a o

m t ther epiphytic cacti The fl wer tube is sh rply bent upwa d b ve

os o . o a r a o

t h vary fr m which petal id sc les arise that have h ame c l r as

e o o o a t e s o o

the true petals at the end f the tube The c r lla is two lipped as a o . o o -
re

sult f the longer petals being distinctly fl d The unequ l white

o re exe . a

stamens appear in a dense cluster ag inst the upper side f the c r lla a o o o ,

an d the purple stigm is slightly e xtended bey nd the nthers a o a .

The tax n mic p siti n f t h C hristmas C actus is a puzzle ; d l

o o o o o e an , a

t h ugh several speci list have attempted place its true identity it is
o a s to ,

still a questi nable venture What the nurserymen usually sell Zyg
o . as o

t
c ac u s t is a pl nt having fleshy flattened leaf like j ints with
r u n cat u s a , ,
-
o

r unded cren ti ns and handsome deep rose nearly regular fl wers but
o a o , , o ,

the true Zyg cactu must h ve an irregular zygom rphic perianth

o s a or o .

The C hristmas C actus c mm n in the trade is app rently m re c rrectly o o a o o

a Schlumbergera but the specific name i uncert in My g od friend

,
s a . o ,

Dr R eid V M ran wh h delved s mewhat extensively into the taxo

. . o , o as o

n mic pr blem suggests that S h l m b g B i dg ii is the correct name

o o , c u er er a r es

f orthe C hristmas C actus Only time will tell whether his assumpti n i . o s

c rrect and the name univ er lly ccepted It might be menti ned here
o sa a . o

that the genus Schlumbergera i very similar Zyg cactus except that s to o

i fl wers are ymm etrical with much narr wer petals disp sed in st r
ts o s o o a

like f shi n d the fruit i alway angled In Zyg cactu the fl wers
a o an s s . o s o ar e

irregul r an d the fruit is never angled

a .

CAC LOBS TER T US

T h t u Zyg t
e t rt aside fr m its characteristic flower and
e oc ac u s r u nc a u s , o

berry does cl sely resemble a Schlumbergera but the margins f its

, o ,
o

j ints have sharp teeth r ther th n the r unded cren ti ns d two

o , a a o a o , an

pr minent claws at the otherwi e blunt joint tips The e cl ws give ris
o s . s a e
VA R I E T I E S O F C A C T I 59

to the ppr pri te name L b ter C actus C l w C rab C actu are ther
a o a ,
o s . a or s o

n m es u ed If y p s ess a pl nt f thi descripti n regardless f

a s . ou o s a o s o ,
o

whether it bl m s t w rd the end f the ye r oo t d call it C hrist

o a o a or no , o not

m asC ctu but ra t her L b ter C ctus A menti ned previ usly the
a s o s a . s o o ,

Zyg c ctus fl wers S h w a gre t vari ti n in c l r ;c n equently ne rly

o a o o a a o o o o s , a

a hundred f rms have been menti ned in early day literature H w

o o . o

ever ince nly me ger descripti ns cc mp nied the e names it is di lfi

, s o a o a o a s ,

cult trace their hist ry in these m dern times It i p ssible th t m ny

to o o . s o a a

o f the f rms have been l st o gone f circulati n We kn w t o or out o o . o ,

oo ,

th t the bl ming sea n for b th Zyg cactus and Schlumbergera v rie

a oo so o o a s

c n ide bly S me f rms begin t fl wer early as Oct ber an d s me

o s ra . o o o o as o o

as l te M y A few years g I had

a as a Schlumberger bl m ing in
. a o one a oo

J uly when n
,
rmally it bl med in December
o and J anuary oo .

Whether these epiphytic cacti bl m f Thanksgiving C hristm as oo or , , or

E aster their culture is not di ffi cult Keep in mind that they are jungle
, .

inhabit nts d such prefer richer s il mixture f humus and le f

a an , as , o o a

m ld Keep the pl nts m ist but s ggy pl ce utd rs in summer in

o . a o not o , a o oo

a sh dy l cati n where i cir ulati n i g d d give the necess ry rest

a o o a r c o s oo ,
an a

in early f ll d n ther af ter the fl wering peri d When buds are f rm

a an a o o o . o

ing the pl nts sh uld be watered m re ften but

, a verhead M ving
o o o no t o . o

t h plants b ut and air drafts might cause bud dr p and theref re pre
e a o o , o

cauti ns sh uld be t ken If n rm l rest peri d i

o o given few if
a . a o a o s not , ,

any fl wer, be expected

o s c an .

Zyg c cti and Schlumberger s need not be transplanted ften A plant

o a a o .

can be kept in the s me c nt iner f sever l years if the drainage is per

a o a or a

fe t the s il light and l se d pl nt food not too rich in nitrogen

e , o oo ,
an a —

content given in seas n —

o .

C H I APASI A

an ther very g d wind w plant d preferably

Chi apas i a Ne ls on ii i s o oo o an

a h nging p Subject In char ter it resembles dw rf E piph yllum

a ot . ac a a .

The gr wth i erect at first c mposed f small flat slightly n tched

o s , o o , ,
o

stem b ut in h br ad Numer us c nes arising fr m the base sub

s a o an c o . o a o

sequently branch giving the plant more fragile appearance th n

out, a a

any f the ther le fy unarmed c cti When gr wn under pr per c ndi

o o
“
a
”
a . o o o

ti ns it has surprisingly g d l sting qualities The attractive plant gr ws

o oo a . o
60 AC TUS GUIDE C

wild in the State f C hiap ( Mexico ) from which it derives i generic

o as , ts

name The small but very attr ctive bl ss ms f lilac pink appe r the
. a o o o a on

lateral branches in early spring They are lily like tubular at the base .
-
, ,

an d flattening out ab ve like a m rning gl ry with the pistil and sta o o -

o ,

mens extending bey nd the deli tely tinted pet ls The fl wers me sur
o ca a . o a e

two inches in di meter Becau e f the sh pe f the fl wers this c ctus is

a . s o a o o a

beginning t be called M rning Gl ry C ctus The C h i p i a has now

o o o a . a as

been crossed with s me of the sm ll fl w d E piphyllums and som o a -

o er e , e

outstanding hybrids are in the trade .

DI SOC AC T U S A N D O THE R GEN ER A

is another irregularly br nching spineless cactus allied to
D i s o c ac t u s a ,

C hi p i Alth ugh it w intr duced int E ngland as e rly as 839 it

a as a . o as o o a 1 ,

is unc mm n in c llecti ns Two specie nly are known t exist namely

o o o o . s o o —

Di t b i f mi an d D E i hl mii the f rmer fr m H nduras and

s oc ac u s or s . c a ,
o o o

the latter fr m Guatem la Di o pr duces cylindrical stems from a . s o c ac t u s o

which gr w many flattened leaf like j ints Small unspectacul slender

o ,
-
o .
, ar , ,

tubul r flowers wi t h few l ng extremely n rr w petals appear in the

a ,
o ,
a o

upperm st are les being magenta to bright red in c l r

o o o o .

N p l oh i ph yll
a xo c h id d ti g back
a 65 i reputedly one of
an t o es , a n to 1 1, s

the oldest kn wn species of cacti It has been used quite frequently in

o .

breeding and many f the smaller pink fl wered E piphyllum hybrids

, o o

cont in bl d of this intere ting ctus The plant i a rather bushy

a oo s ca . s ,

thickly branched epiphyte suitable f basket culture Its medium sized or .

-

fl wers f pink ab ut f ur inches l ng

o o , b rne c pi usly the lateral
o o o ,
ar e o o o on

a re les f the joints The elusive E piph yll m A k m ii fr m which

o o . u c er an n , o

many garden varieties have been btained h ften been suspected of o ,

as o

hybrid rigin but n ther one f my friends Dr C harles L Gi lly col

o , a o o , . .
,

l
ect ed it in m y in Vera C ruz near the t wn of Jal p in 943
a an on o a a 1 ,

thereby clarifying its status Since the fl wers of N p l hi ph yll . o o a xoc a an

t h id
o d E pi ph yll m A k m
e s an i i are very much alike the t w plants
u c er an n ,
o

may be cl ely rel ted it was pr posed t include A k m i i a

os a , so o o c er an n as

se nd species in N p l h i In 947 T m M D g ll described a

co o a xoc a . 1 , o ac ou a

third species which he called N p l h i C i m It was f und o a xo c

-
a o n z at t a n u . o

to be fairly common at Santiago Lachiguiri in O xaca where it gr ws a , o

VA R I E T I E S O F C A C T I 6 1

on tree The fl wers were bright red with range su ff usi n C uttings
s . o o o .

were di tributed in C alif rni but m st of the st ck w l st thr ugh

s o a o o as o o

unusu l c ld winters in recent ye rs d it will be a l ng time bef re this

a o a an o o

plan t will be available to t h trade e .

R HIP SAL I S
th t I have dealt with m st of h E p ip h yll
No w a w rthy of culti o t e an ae o

vati n in y ur h mes let turn a number f other interesting pl nts

o o o , us to o a

t hat gr w in the sam e envir nment These are the R h i p li d

o mostly o . sa an ae ,

epiphytic cacti much branched usu lly spinele wi h very small ften
, ,
a s s, t , o

tubeless flowers It is indeed di fli l explain most pe ple th t i

. cu t to to o a ts

species are true c cti There are n mber f genera included in this b
a . a u o su

t ibe but I shall deal only with the few h t g wn in c llecti n d

r ,
t a ar e ro o o s an

th at can be purcha ed from de ler Pr b bly the be t kn wn sthe a s . o a s o ar e

R hips l is and no wind w sill g rdener can g wr ng by including

a ,
few o -
a o o a

o f these in h i ch ice h use pl n s Rhipsali pl n s

s f r ther diverse
o o a t . s a t ar e o a

form s me with slender cylindric l stems d thers with flattened le f

, o a an o a

like join ts Alth ugh h fl wer . r ther tiny they are produced in
o t e o s ar e a ,

such pr fusi n th t well gr wn pl nt c v ered with hundreds f minia

o o a a o a o o

ture bl ss ms i sight beh ld !Of entim es the fl wers

o o s a f ll wed to o t o ar e o o

by beau iful berrie re embling Mistlet e ; and s me gr wers have

t s, s o o o

dubbed h pl nts Mi tlet e C tus

t e a
“
s o ac .
”

Th ere m re th n fif y specie f Rhip lis re gni ed by b tanists

ar e o a t s o sa co z o

to d y Th ey c nfined ubtr pic se i n f h w A m erica the

a . ar e o to s o ct o s o t e t o s,

g e ter m j ity being f und in uthern B il d ther p ts f S uth

r a a or o so r az an o ar o o

America One spe ies h been c lle ted in F l id ( the nly

. c in as o c or a o on e co n

i t l United St te )
t n en a d w in h Old W rld in M d g a rs , an on e o r t o t e o , a a as c a ,

an d Tr pic l Africa where it i belie v ed they m y h ve been intr du ed

o a , s a a o c

by migr t ry birds All kinds f he rie

a o being dv nced . h w o t o s ar e a a as t o o

th ese seemingly All Americ n c cti f und their w y acr ss h ce n -

a a o a o t e o a .

on trees The fl wers were brigh t red with r nge su ff usi n C uttings
. o o a o .

were di ributed in C lif rni but m t f the s ck w l st thr ugh

st a o a os o to as o o

unusu l cold winters in recent ye rs and it will be a l ng time bef re th is

a a o o

plant will be available to the rade t .

62 ACTUS GUIDE C

h nging pots or small wall baskets ;but they will d well potted plants
a o as

among a c llecti n f such c m m n h use pl nts begoni s geraniums

o o o o o o a as a , ,

and Afric n vi lets I have grown both the leaf like and cylindric
a o .
—

stemmed f rms in the gr und in

o C ctus H use but they d best
o our a o , o

when treated and grown like the E piphyllums in the same kind of soil ,

an d under identical cultural conditions .

R h i ps a li s dating b ck to the eighteenth century is the m

c as s u t h a, a , co

monest and ldest sp cies known In the wild it starts as a m dest leafless
o e . o

plantlet the trunk branch of a giant tree A it grows it produces

on or . s

large clusters of wicker work stems ( that s what Rhipsalis literally mea s )
-
’
n

that may be ten feet or more in length The slender light green stem . s

bec me d tted with small white star shaped fl wers and later by white
o o , ,
— o ,

glutinous berries reminiscent f the mistlet e plant o o .

A g d many f the Rhipsalis species h ve the habit of Rh ip li

oo o a sa s cas

sath Ab ut thirty of them possess cylindric or terete stems in v rious

a . o a

degrees of thickness length of branches and branchlets well de

, , as as

grees of stoutness flex ibility with or with ut bristles and col r f flow
, , o , o o

ers and fruit Am ng these the b st are the f ll wing

. o e o o

R h i ps ali s ca pi lli f or mi s R hi ps ali s L i n d b cr gi a n a

c as s u t h a lu m b r i c o i d e s
c er e u sc u la m e galant h a
N c ue s — A r m o n dzz
p i
u n c eo — di s c u s
Sh a f er i

Rh i ps ali s pr bably presents the daintiest appearance It is

ca il
p fli o r m i s o .

comp ed f m ny sh rt cylindrical stems f rming intric te network

os o a o o an a

of hair like br n hes The small creamy bl ss ms are nly a qu rter of

-
a c .
, o o o a

an inch br d d are sc ttered along the sides f the branche later

oa an a o s,

m turing int gl b se pinkish fruits An ther of the delic te br nched

a o o o , . o a a

species i Rh i p li h
s l d pr ducing branches in verticillate clusters
sa s e t e r oc a a, o

and b e ring white fl wers and white fruits

a o .
 VA R I E T I E ACTI S OF C 63

R h i p li g d iflsa a st ut stemmed form is prominent as it has

s r an or a, o -
,

br nches of pencil th ickness up n which h lf inch l ng cre m c l red

a o a -
o a -
o o

bl s ms are sc ttered The l rgest fl wered member is R h ip li m g

os o a . a o sa s e a

l h
an t wh se bl s ms
a, fully and a half inches across It w
o os o ar e on e . as

found an isl nd ff the c ast f Brazil

on a o o o .

in my estimation is one of the showiest

R h i ps ali s Ne ve s —A r m o n a u
’
, , .

It starts bl m in early N vember at which time its lem n like fra

to oo o , o -

gran e perme tes the air in its immedi te vicinity The bl s ms be r a

e a a . os o a

striking resemblance t the fl wers f P ki l which i o o o er es a ac u e at a , s re

garded the most primitive memb r of t h e C actus family R h ip li

as e . sa s

N a A m di i i comp sed of many cylindric stems from the ends

e es — r on s o

of which grow the sh rt terete br nches in wh rls of three to ten The o a o .

area ar und the tiny are les is usually purple tinted The flowers are
o o .

b rne near the tips of the branches and are sessile seeming t burst t
o , o ou

t hr ugh the epidermis The epiderm l wall splits int

o f ur very sh rt . a o o o

sep l like membran us append ges ar und the perianth and might be
a -
, o a o

mistakingly taken f sep ls alth ugh the l bes have connecti n or a , o o

”
no o

with the fl wer o .

There i nother gr up of Rhips lis wh se stems

s a usually heaviero a o ar e

and ngled ribbed rather than terete They als branch d rebranch
a or . o an

profusely Ac rding to the species the stems

. co be three angled as in c an -

Rh i p li t i g
sa fi s angled as in R h i p li p pt and the angles
r o n a, ve -
sa s e nt a er a,

c an be very prominent or faint d even indented R h i p li p d i an . sa s ar a o xa s

t h oddest and m st whimsical

e f the lot It produces zigzag link and
o o . s ,

C actus Pete suggests l k pinched if made fr m p ttery clay by “

as , oo as o o

human finger This is appr pri tely called C h in C actus

s .
”
on e o a
“
a .

Still an ther gr up i alt gether f reign

o any f the ab ve shapes
o s o o to o o .

The erect to p end nt branches are either narr w br ad thin thick

a o or o , or ,

sh rt or el ngated but always flattened and le f like Their margin

o o , a — . s ar e

nearly entire in m ny instances str ngly and deeply crenate and even
or , a , o ,

wavy In shape the branches can be bl ng t elliptic rbicul r to

. o o o , o a

rh mbic d even l nce shaped In c lor the branches are gl ssy green
o ,
an a -
. o o

to dull green often becomi ng red when gr wn in sunlight

, o .
64 AC TUS GUIDE C

R h i p l i H ll i sa in my estimation is one of the m st graceful

s ou e t a n a, , o

o f the le f y types i l ng a hing ems ften reaching m re than hree

a , ts o rc st o o t

f ee in length The s m ll yell wi h w h i e fl wers are b rne abundantly

t . a o s -
t o o

fr m h margin l re le l ter f ll w ed by r und carmine red fruit

o t e a a o s, a o o o ,
— .

R h i p li psa is a very
s de ir ble specie
c r zs f upright
at a slightly arch s a s o or

i g gr w h The br ad stem
n o t f irly s i ff w v y l ng the m rgin and
. o s ar e a t , a a o a

ro undi h in sh pe pr ducing yell wish bl s ms fr m the are les

s a , o o o so o o .

h uld t be overl ked because f

Rh i ps al i s m e s e m b r ya n t h e m oi d e s s o no oo o

itsf ncied resembl nce a t t lly unrelated S uth Afric n fig marig ld

a a to o a o a o .

It i a m u h br nched pale green bu hy pl nt thickly d rned with

s c a ,
-
s a ,
a o

s m ll terete br nches the main stem unlike y ther Rhipsalis in

a a on s an o

existence It fl wers pr fusely t are les f the br nchlets

. o o a o o a .

H AR I OT A

l sely llied Rhipsalis are the H i

C o a H i t li i id
to is ar o t as . ar o a sa c or n o cs

the utst nding mem ber It i c mp sed of many clav ate b ttle h p d
o a . s o o or o -
s a e

branchlets supp r ing m ll but showy g lden yell w fl wers It sh uld

o t s a o o o . o

be included in every c llecti n o o .

PSE U DOR H I P SAL I S

One other small genus f epiphytic pl nts with thin flattened joints to o a ,

be eagerly s ught i P d h ip li Only t w species were kn wn until

o s seu or sa s . o o

T m M D g ll disc vered the best f them all

o ac ou hi a llecting ex o o on s co

i M e x ic in the winter f 939 94 This

c u r s on to was subsequently
o o 1 -
1 0 . on e

n med P d h i p li m
a h and i destined
s eu or become a gre t sa s ac r a n t a s to a

f v rite with ll c ctus enthusi sts The pl nt gr wth re em bles m ny

a o a a a . a o s a

of h E piphyllums and i une x celled

t e h nging b sket subject The s as a a a .

fl w ers many times larger than y Rhipsalis and are very fragrant
o ar e an

wi h definite lender inch l ng tube t pped by a perianth f nine to

t a s —o o o

th irteen l ng very narr w yellow lobes

,
o , o .
C H APT E R III

C A R E OF C A C TI A N D D I S E A S E S

E S N S find great diffi culty in managing

P R O

c ctus plants th r ugh ut the ye r Plant l vers

a o o a . o ,

especially those wh are highly succes ful with other h use plants will
o s o ,

usually run into a streak of bad luck when attempting gr w these to o

f nt stic memb ers f the cactus tribe The great error f c urse lies in
a a o .
, o o ,

the gr wer himself Too often pl nts f this type are given the same
o .
,
a o

c re the geranium the aspidistr the phil dendr n d the beg nia
a as , a, o o , an o .

It never occurs to such a gr wer that ca tus plants require care just the
o c

opp site of th at generally given to rdina y h use fav rites

o o r o o .

There i also the ide that cacti need no attention whats ever T the
s a o . o

contr ry even among cactus plants diff erent cultural meth ds mu t be

a , o s

applied C nsi der first the cacti that thrive under h t sun and in p r
. o o oo

so il where the rainfall is scanty Such plants w uld be utterly miser ble
. o a

in a humid atmosphere and eventually would succumb to kindness if

given plenty of water Then c n ider the fore t and epiphytic c cti that
. o s s a

shun the fierce rays of a tr pical sun and welc me w ter and filtered
o o a

light Gr w these plants under desert c nditi ns and see how l ng they
. o o o o

w uld last in your ollection !In order to be successful with y kind

o c an

66
C A R E O F C A C T I A N D D I SE A SE S 67

o f plant
a sh uld acqu int himself with the c nditi ns of the n atur l
o ne o a o o a

h bitat
a .

C cti that are very thi k stemmed

a d very spiny usually hail from c an

regi ns f adverse c nditi ns and they have developed the ability to take
o o o o ,

up and store within their S tem the moisture which at intervals c mes s o

their way They have also developed a spiny arm ment which act as
. a s

a shield ag inst the scorching rays of the

a C acti that fall i n to thi s sun .

cla s m ke an excellent subject for our homes especially wh re hot an d

s a , e

dry c nditions exist in living r ms They require a minimum of car

o oo . e .

Such plants are found in the genera E chin c ctus E chinocereus Ario o a , ,

c rpus A p h y m S l
a , st r oFer cactus Meloc ctus d t hei
tu ,
c er o c a c t u s , o ,
a , an r

cl se rel tives
o a .

On the ther h nd the fl thin temmed and slenderly terete

o a ,
at , -
s ,

br nched c cti give a hint that they require a richer soil and m re
a a o

humid surr undings and w uld be uitable f sun r ms d screened

o o s or oo an

p rches The e types are f und in E piphyll um Zyg cactus Rhips l is

o . s o , o , a ,

Schlumbergera Selenicereus Ap r cactus C hi p i Pereskia and many

, ,
o o , a as a, ,

others m st f them characterized by the absence of spines or when

,
o o ,

these are present t hey are usually scant S hort and more or less flex ible
, , , .

The active seas n f m st cacti begins in M rch or even earlier de

o or o a ,

pending up n the species and in what p rt f the country th y are being

o a o e

gr wn In the M iddle West around the St Louis area w rm weat her

o .
, .
, a

will ften make i appear nce in February but freezing weath er i pos
o ts a , s

sible up int l te April In t h C hic g area and other p ints n rth

o a . e a o o o ,

c lder we t her will prevail three

o a i weeks l nger O these w rm to S x o . n a

days cacti can be placed temp r rily outdoors to absorb the warm rays o a

o f sund fresh air This may

an be e sy f th e pe ple living
. not t oo a or os o

in ap rtments d th se with l rge c llec i ns The nex t be t thing

a an o a o t o . s to

d i o pen h Wind ws th t f e h i will get the pl nt By

s to o t e o so a r s a r to a s .

supplying air nd in gr du l degree the cacti prepared wi h

a su n a a s, ar e to t

st nd h inten e unlight and heat l ter in the seas n If cold we ther

a t e s s a on o . a

i predicted f
s the night it wo ld be wi e bring the pl nts ind rs
or ,
u s to a oo

until the nex t warm spell or at least pl ce a c ver of burlap cl th or a o , o ,

newsp pers ver the plants In my estim ti n even th ugh h m ving

a o . a o ,
o t e o

in d of the plants m y pr ve to be a task at this time the cacti will

an out a o ,
68 AC TUS GUIDE C

repay you for this deed and you ll be able to enj y them f a l nger ’
o or o

time .

Usually during M y c cti

, be set permanently either in rock
a , a c an ou t ,

e ies in beds or i n b rders Bec use of the heavy spring rains in our
r , , o . a

M iddle West cacti sh uld be pl nted

, sl pe that excess water will
o a on a o so

readily drain ff Alth ugh pl nts will d better if pl nted directly in

o . o a o a

t h soil the average worker will

e ,
have the time dig themup c re not to a

fully and rep t them in the f ll the pots should be plunged in the
o a , so

gr und within inch of the rim d the surface c vered with gravel
o to an an o ,

limest ne chat
o ther small r cks ,
or o o .

WATE RING
C ctus plants may be watered d ily in the gr wing sea n if the
a a o so ,

we ther is fine ; d they may be also syringed frequently It is a mistake

a an .

t
o believe th at they can live with ut water In fact if g d drain ge is o .
, oo a

pr vided the plants will st nd great deal f water and will thrive on
o , a a o

it Summer rains
. ften suffi cient to wet the s il of a pot plant
ar e o no t o

th r ughly
o o rtificial sprinkling mu t be re orted H wever rain
, so a s s to . o ,

water is very beneficial and one g od rain is better th n several h se ,

o a o

watering C acti t hat planted directly in the s il their p ts plunged

s . ar e o or o

in will not r quire as much watering as the p tted pl nts directly

e o a set

on the gr und shelves E xposed pots dry out quickly in c ntinu us

o or on . o o

days f sunlight The best time t water i early m rning or late in the
o . o s o

afternoon when the sun is not t S tr ng If w tering is perf rmed b oo o . a o e

tween the h urs f mo d p m o the plants may su f faer . an . .

,
su n

burn even be co ked Dr ps of water adhering the cr wn h rns

or o . o to o s, t o ,

or hair will act as magnifying lenses f the r ys during th t peri d or s un a a o

an d s me plants will su ff er ;so be cauti us if y

o mu t w ter r und o ou s a a o

that time f d y Pl nts that must be kept indo rs during the um mer
o a . a o s

will require watering daily if kept sunny wind w sills p rches on o or su n o

and if the c nt iners are small and dr in ge i g d On dreary day

o a a a s oo . s

W atering can be disp nsed with A curs ry ex min ti n of the p ts will

e . o a a o o

tell you whether daily watering is ne ess ry On s me d ys I have c a . o a

watered the c cti b th in the m rning and evening ; ther w tering

a o o on o s a

was suffi cient f t w days or even three Get acquainted with t h needs
or o . e
C A R E O F C A C T I A N D D I SE A SE S 69

and y will better understand the plants that are giving you the m
ou e

j y
o m y seek
ent ou .

T w ter o w ter during the d rm nt season is pr bably t h

a or no t t o a o a o e

m st perplex ing pr blem th t f ces the c tus gr wer I believe that

o o a a ac o .

water sh uld be given nly when necessity dicta es and then nly in
o o t o

small quantities Of c urse this pr cedure must again depend up n the

. o ,
o o

type d l cati n f the resting place

an o o o .

C acti that spend their d rm ncy in greenh uses need be watered o a o not

as frequently th se kept in rdin ry living quarter where the air is

as o o a s

excepti nal ly dry The m isture laden tm sphere f greenh uses will
o . o -
a o o o

su fli keep such cactus pla ts greener d he lthier in ppearance

ce to n an a a

an d will likewi e have a tendency start their spring gr wth much

s to o

e rlier even if water i applied them during the wh le d rmant

a ,
no s to o o

se s n C acti given moisture in warmer drier surr undings f liv

a o . no , o o

ing r oms will bec me dry dirty paler in c l r d ften very withered
o o , , o o , an o .

Su h plants will take much l nger

c recuperate o to .

In my pini n it i dvisable keep the soil a little m ist r t her than

o o , s a to o a

too dry The g lden rule apply i . water spa ingly and m re f
o to s to r o re

quently rather than apply much gi v e m u h fter l ngto t oo or to t oo c a o

lapses Generally it i nece ary w ter ab ut nce every seven ten

. s ss to a o o to

d y When pr cticing thi meth d it i wi e to w ter fr m bel w by

a s . a s o s s a o o

pl cing the p in a saucer pan f water d permitting the m isture

a ot or o an o

t o soak up In d ing this nev er leave the c nt iner in w er m re t h n

. o ,
o a at o a

five minutes ; the wise the soil will bec me p p i gly w

o r d this will o so n et an

d m re harm th n g d
o o this seas n W hen w ering f m above it
a oo at o . at ro

i essenti l
s get any m isture the pl nt
a n ot t o ev p rati n i sl w o on a s , as a o o s o

at this s s n and even a drop f water in h cr wn f the pl nt on

ea o o t e o o a or

an
y ther opart f the c tus tem m y be the t orting p int f a i ac s a s a o o rot n

f i
e ct on An ccasi n l syringing w sh aw y dirt that set le
. o o the
a to a a t s on

plants i ad v i able but the clean ing of the stems mus be perf rm ed
s s s t o

o nly sunny d yson a .

A note ab ut watering c ctus seedlings will

o be miss here C tus a not a . ac

seedlings are apt to dry up m re quickly th n h se f a m re mature o a t o o o

plant and for this reas n it is pr cticable keep seedling p ts slightly

, o a to o

moist at all times even in the d rm nt peri d A suggesti n i ff ered

, o a o . o s o

here to all seedling pr pag tors wh must winter their cacti in living o a o
70 ACTUS GUIDE C

r oms A miniature greenh use will be highly ser v ice ble f m ll

o . o a or s a

pl nts bec u e h i in it will be much m re humid th n in y rdi

a ,
a s t e a r o a an o

n ry r om d h m ll mp rtment will help keep the tiny pl nts

a o ,
an t e s a co a to a

fr m being c vered by flying dust M ny de le

o o w ff ering the e . a a r s ar e no o s

tiny gl h uses at reas n ble prices but if the tu f ncier h

as s o o a , c ac s a as not

the me ns to pr ure a impr v ised gl s b can be made re dily

oc o n e , an o a s -
ox a

and quite che ply a .

An qu rium e pe ially f the rect ngul r type can ls be utilized

a a ,
s c o a a , a o

for the s me purp se All c cti in sm ll p ts can be placed in these gl ss

a o . a a o a

h u es setting the p ts peat m ss m ist s nd whi h will keep the

o s ,
o on o or o a c

pl nts m ist f a l ng tim e It isn t even neces ry water the s il f

a o or o .
’
sa to o o

the p if the pe t s nd i kept unif rmly m ist H wev er the sm ll

ot a or a s o o . o , a

glassh uses must be ventil ted frequently becau e cle n fresh air is
o a , s a , es

i l f
s en t a the succe ful culture f all succulent pla tlets
or ss o n .

R E STING
Under natural c nditi ns all pl nts in gener l are subject t a resting
o o a a o

peri d M ther N ture pr v ides f this exigency by ushering in the

o . o a o or

winter e n uspend ll gr wth in pl nts In milder climates where

s as o to s a o a .
,

the em per ture d es

t dr p low en ugh interrupt pl nt gr wth
a o not o o to a o ,

it i the rainle s e n th t gain furnishes this urgent period C cti

s s s a so a a . a

gr wn in ultiv ti n ls require a rest period In order duplicate the

o c a o a o . to

n tur l nditi n during the winter dormant season it will be

a a co o s or ,
n e ce s

sary gi v e me attenti n the pl nts as reg rds temperature light

to so o to a a , ,

w e ing d air
at r ,
an .

It i essenti l begin wintering c cti

s not s n this pr cedure
a to a t oo oo ,
as o

will be unpr piti us f the plants T uly the m nth f September s me

o o or . r , o o o

times ends be c ol with unfav rable weather pred min ting which
t to o o o a

has a tendency uspend gr wth ;but gener lly th ere to sstill en ugh o a ar e o

sunny d ys the end f Oct ber f the pla ts gr w lth ugh not
a to o o or n to o , a o

regul rly ( Seas ns below the equ t r are just the reverse of ours For
a . o a o .

example when we enj ying summer the f lks in Au tralia hav

, ar e o o s ar e

ing winter ) E ven during the early part f N vember the we ther m y
. o o a a

be mild en ugh permit the cacti remain utd rs E x perience h

o to to o oo . as

shown that the longer the cacti are left in their summer places the better ,
C A R E O F C A C T I A N D D I SE A SE S 7 1

they will be ble survive the winter se s n The co l autumn l nights

a to a o . o a

ar e benefici l m t cacti since the l wer night temperatures eem to

a to os o s

pr m ote the h rdening d ripening f c ctus stem s It i advis ble then

o a an o a . s a , ,

to leave m st cactu pla ts utd rs until fr st

o s n o oo o .

After the c cti have been br ught ind rs they will ntinue gr w
a o oo , co to o ,

and there i need f immedi te rest f the pl nts Watering

s no or an a or a .

sh uld
o be entirely suspended but greatly diminished and the pl nts
no t a

gradually br ught int the d rm nt state E ven if the resting peri d is

o o o a . o

begun in the e rly p rt of N vember with the cess ti n of w ter these

a a o a o a ,

th ny pla ts will still gr w especially when the temperatures f their

or n o ,
o

resting places relatively high The w ter th t is st red in e ch pl nt

ar e . a a o a a

b dy i suffi cient last the cactus for

o s two m nths if
to even a one or o not

dr p f water is applied to the gr und

o o o .

S me ttenti n h uld be given

o a a place where the cacti are being
o s o to

rested The best pl ces to winter cacti are c l cell rs ver nd s sun
. a oo a ,
a a ,

p che lighted halls

or s,
y ther c mpartments that fr st free ,
m
o r an o o ar e o -
, co

p i l
ar a t v e
y dry and well ventil ted d w h ere there i plenty f light -
a , an s o .

In sum ming up the temper ture pr blem it is found that c cti are best a o a

rested in a temperature f 45 5 degree F o to 0 s .

Transplanting when necess ry i t be d ne at the end of the dormant

,
a , s o o

se n when new gr wth is beginning A cactus need not be shifted

as o , o .

unless it h utgrown its p S me sp cies can remain in the same

as o ot . o e

c nt iner f several years l ng a little fertilizer is applied during

o a or as o as

the gr wing se s n If a pla t i at a standstill f a l ng time it i be t

o a o . n s or o ,
s s

to take it f the p and ex mine the r t system the cau e m y

out o ot a oo , as s a

lie there T ften the roots have dried up r tted aw y d the pl nt

. oo o or o a an a

rem ins d rm nt even in the growing seas n Always rep t in fre h s il

a o a o . o s o

and pr vide dequ te drainage

o a a .

OILS AND F E R TILIZE R S S

E ch gr wer usu lly h

a preference f
o s il mixture of h i w
a as a or a o s o n .

E a h uses the ba ic m teri ls in di f f erent pr p rti ns or with the addi

c s a a o o o

ti n f secondary ingredients with success The formula c nsists f l m

o o . o o oa ,

leaf m ld and sand Pulverized w manure b ne meal or s me m

o , . co ,
o , o co

m i l fertiliz r is often added in small quantities I prefer to use a

er c a e .
72 AC TUS GUIDE C

4
-
4 f mula
1 2- rather th
orn with higher nitr gen ntent Thi a one o co . s c an

be w rked int the s il the r te f

o o f ur inch p f fertilizer
o at a o on e o -
ot o to

a bu hel f il S me f the l rge gr wer f c cti prep re their w

s o so . o o a o s o a a o n

cactu f d d sell it their cust mers A well b l nced fertilizer used

s oo an to o . a a

acc rding directi n helps a c ctus m ke a n rm l m tured fl wer

o to o a to a o a , a ,
o

ing gr w h D n t y v erfeed y ur pl nts they ll get indige ti n

o t . o
’
tr to o o a or
’
s o .

ungle c cti like the piphyllum Zyg c ti and like fed we k

'

J E a , b s, o ac , c an e a ,

liquid m nure y f the

a f li r feeding c m
o r anp und w the mo o a o o s no on ar

ket The e jungle inh bi nts living b v e the g und cer inly must
. s a ta a o ro ta

derive g d de l f f d f m the i d w the gr wer

a oo a o supply
oo ro a r , an no o c an

it h plants n tu lly as M ther N ture d e it in the utd rs

to t e as a ra o a o s o oo .

Frequently y may re d th t pplic ti n i ll th t is necessary f

ou a a one a a o s a a or

a plant sh w rem rk ble re ults but I h ve f und that several pp li

to o a a s ,
a o a

cati ns are needed bef re g d gr wth i n tice ble It is best give

o o oo o s o a . to

light applicati ns a little m re ften th n a he vier appli ti n at

o o o a a ca o o ne

time F ll w the in tructi ns f the manufacturer in the

. o o s of his o o u se

product d b safe with y ur plants !

an e o

INSE C TS
A g d cactus gr wer will m ke frequent inspecti n f his plants t
oo o a o s o o

detect any sign f insect life Under cult iv ti n in the h me green

o . a o o or

h use far rem ved fr m the n tural h me f the cactu relatively few
o , o o a o o s,

o f t h n tural cactus insects are likely

e a infest the plants In 9 the to . 1 12

United States government made a study f cactus insects and found th t o a

there were 3 4 species ass ci ted with these prickly plants H wever
2 o a . o ,

t here will be several c mm n g rden and greenh u e pest th t will o o a o s s a

cau e c nsider ble ann yan e in

s o pursuit f gr wing cacti C h i fly
a o c our o o . e ,

these insects intr duced int a cactus c lle ti n fr m her pl nts

ar e o o o c o o ot a

and orn ment ls th t are gr wn ex tensively in greenh u e and h mes

a a a o so o s s o .

H rdly a
y cactus fan ier can
an
y h i plants are free fr m in ect att ckc sa s o s a ,

but a ctus c llecti n be kept surprisingly cle n with ut much eff rt

ca o o c an a o o

on the wner s p t if c reful w t h is m intained f the mischiev us

o
’
ar a a a c a or o

sc mps and a judici u

a f insecticides i res rted Such insects as
o s u se o s o to .

t h gras h ppers c terpill rs and thers m stly likely

e s o ,
be present in
a a ,
o o to

th fl wer garden will ften get int a cactus bed or into a greenh use
e o o o o
74 A C T U S G U I D E C

generally included Other insect attacking cactus plant are aphids

. s s ,

thrip gr s h ppers and sever l ther well kn wn greenh use pests but
s, a s o ,
a o o o ,

all f these are u u lly f min r imp nce l h ugh s metimes y of

o s a o o or t a , a t o o an

these may cause c nsiderable a n ya ce o n o n .

”5 4 1 78 0 6 !
lfl f i l f l fl é A ”
5 P 1P ”V!l I!”

In the f ll wing p ragraphs I Shall consider th se insects d ther

o o a o an o

pests th t apt be the direct indirect cau es of injury cactus

a ar e to or s to

plants in the h me greenh use and I sh ll ls treat of vari us meth

o or o a a o o

od fs their c nt l
or o ro .

M ly B g Of all the insects that use the cactus plant for a host
ea u s .
,

non e are of such primary imp rt nce as the mealy bugs Almost very o a . e
C A R E O F C A C T I A N D D I SE A SE S 75
v riety f c ctu i likely t be tt ked by these
a o a y s sd in e t o a ac cot t on '
c o v er e s c s .

The e m ny pe ies f me ly bugs d h rdly any greenh u e pl nt

r ar e a s c o a , an a o s a

i f ee fr m t h eir att ck The insects

s r o e ily iden ified because they a . ar e as t

c ver them elv es d their eggs with a white c tt ny subst nce d very
o s an o o a an

of en h beginner m i t ke
t t l ny f a fungu gr wth so deceiving
e s a s a co o or s o ,

i thei
s ppe r e Th e e de u tive bugs usually c ngregate in p
r a a an c . s str c o ro

t d pl es
e ct e under h pine in the gr v e f new gr wth d
ac , as t e s s, oo s o o , an

at t h b ses f j ints where they ex tr ct the jui e fr m the c ctus and

e a o o ,
a c s o a

cause inj ry in much t h s me m nner the s le insects

u e a a as ca .

The me ly bug because f its peculiar structure and the r pidi y f

a , o a t o

i repr ducti n is
ts f h most di ffi cult ins ects to c ntr l The fe m le
o o , on e o t e o o . a

h the bili t y to lay b ut 5

as a eggs which h secretes in a mass f a o 00 s e o cot

t eggs hatching out ver a peri d f ten d ys under greenh use

on , o o o a o c on

di i In heavily infested greenh use sever l gener ti ns may be b rn

t on s . o s, a a o o

yearly The bugs do . m ve b ut very much but usu l ly re trict n ot o a o , a s

t hem elves to a certain area on a c ctus j int The me ly bug insert i

s a o . a s ts

needle like beak int t h pla t body and then sucks out the juice The
-
o e n .

are he vily infested by these b g will bec me lifeless drab l king

a a U s o , oo ,

and ev entu lly will dry up These bugs als give ff a sweet secreti n
a . o o o

called h neydew d the wh le cac us i ften vered by thi ticky

o , an o t s o co s s

excreti n in which a so ty dirty c l red m ld devel p causing bl ck

o o ,
-
o o o o s, a a

di c l r ti n t h stems whi h nly vig r u w shing will rem ve

s o o a o on e c o a o o s a o .

It seems th t the pincu hi n cacti M mmill ri s C ryphanth E

a s o —
a a a ,
o as , s co

bari s and D li h h l
a , well the hedgeh g E chin cereu suff er
o c ot e e s— as as o s, o s,

m re f m the me ly bugs than fr m ther in ects d frequently the

o ro a o o s , an

pla t u umb b cause f h inse r vage

n s s cc e o t e ct a .

When cacti are he vily infested with mealy bug it is advis ble t h se a s, a o o

o ff the infe ted plants with a str ng spr y f w ter This m eth d which
s o a o a . o

i ve y e ff ective becau e it kn cks ff the in ect and w he

s r f f the sti ky s o o s s as s o c

ex rement left by the bugs is heartily rec mmended esp ci lly when
c ,

, o , e a

the me ly bugs are ngregated behind very piny arm ment d it

a co a s a an

i im p ssible f
s nt t in e ticide penetr te to their b dies Where
o or a co ac s c to a o .

there i a large gl h u e y g fumig ti n

s be pr ticed but it
as s o s , c an o as a o c an ac ,

will not kill all the bugs and it will destr y the eggs not o .

R L oo t Thi in ec i simil r the me ly bug lth ugh a trifle

ouse . s s t s a to a ,
a o

smaller and dev a ting in i w rk the latter The d rm a t season

as st a ts o as . o n
76 AC TUS GUI DE C

aff ords an pp rtunity for the devel pment d incre se f the r t l use
o o o an a o oo o

and i presen e i m re d nger us than lm t y ther pl nt p st

ts c s o a o a os an o a e

s in e this in e t ngregates b ut the ro t piercing the tender r tlet

c s c co a o o s, oo s

an d u king s the juices The r ts thus att cked will eventu lly dry
c ou t . oo a a

up d while in this conditi n m y b e susceptible to dise ses when

an , o , a r ot a

w ter i applied
a s .

Whenever a cactus lo ks sickly it may be a g d idea take h plan t o ,

oo to t e

out f the p t
o d e x mine the r ts f this l use If y white cot
o an a oo or o . an

t ny masses
o seen b ut the r ts sh ke ff all s il fr m the r t
ar e a o oo , a o o o oo s ,

disc rd the s il and dip the r ts in a b th f den tured alc h l for ab ut

a o , oo a o a o o o

tw minutes After this perati n permit the pl nt

o . dry th r ughly o o , a to o o

bef re pl nting int a clean c ntainer using fresh oil Often a g od

o a o o , s . o

wa h in c ld water will rid the plant f the r t l use In early M arch

s o o oo o .

it m y be a g d ide turn all pl nts

a f the p
oo whether the a to a out o o t t o s ee

r ts are infected f the r t l u e thrives in a dry s il and the d rmant

oo ,
or oo o s o o

s ea n i c nducive f its pr creati n

so s o or o o .

S l I ca e Several varieties f scale insects

ns e c t s . likely infest c ctus o ar e to a

pl nts da ften very tr ubles me whenperm itted multiply T hese

an ar e o o o to .

insects be rec gnized by their m re less arched thick and rigid

c an o o or , ,

shell like c vering Their f v rite cactus seems t be the fl j inted

-
o . a o o at -
o

Prickly Pear but the Zyg cacti Schlum bergeras and E piphyllum are
,
o , , s

a ls attacked Often the bugs bec me abund nt th t they pr ctically

o . o so a a a

c ver the entire pad like p ints A these sucking insects withdraw large
o -
o . s

qu ntities f p fr m the juicy Prickly Pe rs the pads will become dis

a o sa o a ,

c l red and eventu lly dr p ff If remedy is pplied the wh le pl nt

o o a o o . no a ,
o a

may be l st Spr ying with a g d ntact insecticide will c ntr l the

o . a oo co o o

insects Any g d i l em ulsi n spray the m rket will be ti fact ry

. oo o o on a sa s o

if pplied acc rding h m nufacturer s directi ns A very g d pr d

a o to t e a
’
o . oo o

u ct kn wn Green h u e V l k i
o f the best oil emulsi ns f
as the o s o c s one o o or

c ntr l f l i
o o o c ctus pl nt d very ften
s ca e applic ti n
n s e c t s on a a s , an o on e a o

i s suffi cient .

A p h id These ft b died in e ts
s . very f nd f the y ung tips f so -
o s c ar e o o o o

pl nts and me im es will tt k the new gr wth f su h c cti Hyl

a so t a ac o s o c a as o

c ereu Selenice eus Rhips li d Pere ki The v ri us spe ies f pl nt

s, r ,
a s , an s as . a o c o a

lice vary in c l r d slightly l rger th n pinhead They c ngreg te

o o an ar e a a a . o a

in great numbers b ut the new gr wth or on the underside of Pereskia a o o

C A R E O F C A C T I A N D D I SE A SE S 77
leaves and feed by ucking h juice fr m the m re tender p rti ns f
s t e s o o o o o

the cactus pl nts They frequently are seen c tus fl wers

a . on ac o .

The aphid like the me ly bugs pr duce h neydew a weeti h ex

s, a ,
o o ,
s s

substance
c re t or
y which i mu h s ught fter,
by ants The lice reprsduce c o a . o

at a rapid rate an d are active feeders but it i h rdly p ssible th t they ,

s a o a

M/f e t f
'

A 1V
op wvr/A J oni /7

w uld c use h d t h f m ture pl nt Truly the p rti n tt cked by

o a t e ea o a a a .
,
o o a a

these mm g d pe t will be seri usly injured and the p rti n so

'

co on ar en s s o o o

we kened i p bec me h t
a s a ther di e ses i i dvi ble
t to o os to o s a , so t s a sa to

get rid f them s n they m ke their ppe r n e Pl nt lice can

o as oo as a a a a c . a

be easily nt lled with a c nt t spr y m de up f

co ro e p nful of o ac a a o on e t as oo

Nic tine ( Bl ck le f 4 ) to qu t f water The spr y m u t t uch the

o a a 0 a ar o . a s o

bodies of t h insects to sm ther them if satisf ct ry results

e to be o , a o ar e
78 AC TUS GUIDE C

attained If ther insects c uld be c ntr lled e ily the aphids there
. o o o o as as as ,

w uld be need for further w rry the gardener s part

o no o on
’
.

R d Spi d e This co m p litan little eight legged mite is

er . s o oa true , ,
-
not

insect but it is ,
f the pe ts th t may att ck ca tus pl nts These
o ne o s a a c a .

tiny mites are sm ll that they are h rdly perceptible the eye yet
so a a to ,

they can be bserved to m ve about when disturbed They are m re

o o . o

A PH/DJ 0 1? £14 1V7 l l t f

’

p ay e e fl a ws /at A we
e c o n/a ve 174 e rr
OF 6 d5 f P I A /V7 ?

easily detected by their ch r teristic injury the pl nt The red spiders

a ac to a s .

feed by piercing the new gr wth such c ti t h Hyl cereus Selenio on ac as e o ,

cereus Pere ki etc and then su king the p The j ints infested by
,
s a, .
, c sa . o

the e mites will be c ted with silken hre ds spun in tent like webs
s oa t a -

under which they live The injured p rti ns will assume a bl tched
. o o o ,

ru ted appe r nce under the webs gre tly di figuring the tender gr wths
s a a , a s o

which ultimately may dry up S metimes whole j int may succumb to . o a o

C A R E OF C A C T I A N D D I SE A SE S 79
the r v ges f this pest Seedlings ften suff er fr m these infestati ns
a a o . o o o ,

especi lly if the plants are gr wn under h t and dry c nditi ns

a o o o o .

In t h greenh use red spiders breed all year round nly dull m ist
e o , , o , o

we ther being unf vor ble to their development Often these mites can
a a a .

be washed ff the c cti with a str ng spray of the h e the f rce of

o a o os , as o

the water will kn ck the bug the muddy s il d they will be un ble
o s to o an a

to crawl back to the plant In the gr wing se n frequent syringing f . o as o ,

o

the pl nt m y be the only needed c ntr l D uring the re ting peri d

a s a o o . s o ,

cacti m y be att cked by red spiders d the d rm ant se n i nducive

a a , an o as o s co

for their pr p g ti n I have f und Vol k t be

o a a of the best pr ducts
o . o e o on e o

for the cont l f red spider ro o .

T h i p The d m ge c used
r s . c ctus plants by the e minute insects
a a a to a s

i
s not al rm ing they will tt k nly the seedling and the injury will
a , as a ac o s

n o t , as arule pr ve f t l the t i ny suc ulent pl ntlet Thrips usu lly

, o a a to c a s . a

attack such jui y v eget ti n the M esembry nthemums C r s ul and

c a o as a ,
a s as ,

K lanch e fr m wh i h they will p ss nt the tender kinned c ctu

a o s o c a o o -
s a s

seedlings c u ing dam ge by r ping the pl nt tis ue d le ving the

, a s a as a s s an a

attacked p rti n sc red d un ttr ctive in appe r nce These tiny i

o o ar an a a a a . n

se ts m y be br wn black d are s mewh t qui k in their m ti ns

c a o or an o a c o o .

When disturbed the insect curves i abd men up ver i b ck ( this i ts o o ts a s

its ch racteri tic m ti n prep rat ry flight ) and seem ingly jumps f
a s o o a o to or

c ver Whenever thrips

o . n tice ble c ti it will be wise spr y ar e o a on ac , to a

with a nic tine s luti n c n isting of

o h lf unce f Bl ck le f 4
o o o s on e -
a o o a a 0 to

a quart f water Any thrip hit by this e fficient s luti n will die within
o . o o

tw ominutes .

A The e diligent w rkers f the insect w rld u ually bec me very

nt s . s o o o s o

tr ubles me in c tu c lle i n f they indire tly cause d mage to

o o a ac s o ct o ,
or c a

c cti by the care they l vish up n aphid d sc le in e t e peci lly t h

a a o s an a s c s, s a e

me ly bugs The nts

a very f nd f the deli i us h neydew which
. a ar e o o c o o

these in ects give Off d f the ke f thi sweet ex creti n they virtu
s an , or sa o s o ,

ally succ r th se insects carry them fr m

o o c ctus t an ther and thus , o one a o o ,

aid in spreading the infe tati n s o .

Whenever any ant are detected cr wling ar und pl nts in h rock s a o a , t e

garden or greenh use it is a sure bet that plant lice and sc le insects
o , a

will be f und in the c llection In the s uthern and midwestern tates

o o . o s ,

th very active Argentine an t h become a seri us greenhouse pe t d

e as o s an
80 AC TUS GUIDE C

a c nstant battle mu t be waged against it I c nnot recall a single i

o s . a n

st ce where ants have been the direct cause f injury cactus but if
an o to ,

th ese in ects are f und crawling up and down insect free pl nts it i
s o -
a , s

o nly b ecause f the sweet nectar th t exudes fr m t h buds and other

o a o e

p rts f certain cacti

a o .

The m st successful c ntr l meth d f ants i the

o f p is n b it o o o or s u se o o o a .

There are several excellent pr ducts the m rket f er dic ti n o on a or an t a a o

m stly syrup impregnated with r enical p is n Just pl ce few dr ps

o a s o o . a a o

o f this p is ned syrup o a piece f stiff p per near an ant nest or in the
o on o a

an t path and nex t m rning very few nts will be seen crawling around o a .

A c ntact pr y will rid the prem ise f the rem ining stragglers Nico
o s a s o a .

tine is the best spray when u ed in the usu l pr p orti n f teasp on s a o o o one o

ful t a qu rt f w ter
o a o a .

E ven m re fli i i a dust p wder kn wn

o e C hl rd ne A S ingle
c ac o u s s o o as o a .

applic ti n will give eff e tive c nt l f ev er l d ys C hl rd ne may

a o c o ro or s a a . o a

be purch sed fr m y f the l rger eed h use under the v ri us tr de

a o an o a s o s a o a

name f D w Kl r Sy Kl r T x i C hl r etc I have been u ing D w

o o — o ,
n -
o , o -
o ,
. s o

Kl r 4 per cent wett ble put

o ,
—
o by the D w C hemical C mpany a , ou t o o ,

M idl nd M i higan Al h ugh it is cl imed th at this p wder can be

a , c . t o a o

re dily dis lved in water make a residual spray I h ve been using

a so , to a

it nly in the dust f rm My c mp unding calls f

o part of Dow o . o o or one

Kl r w p rt f t lc The mix ture i sprinkled in areas frequented

o to t o a s o a . s

by nts particul rly near cracks bases f pl nts wherever the insects
a ,
a , o a , or

emerge .

C hl rdane h o a three way cti n ag inst insects It serves as either a

as -
a o a .

c ntact st m ch p is n d it gives ff leth l fumes A little f the

o or o a o o ,
an o a . o

powder pl ced at the base of a tree vine supp rt or walls where ant
a ,
o , s

are p rading will cau e them to drop even without evidence of having
a s ,

t uched the p i n When C hl rdane i sprinkled

o o so ant trains the
. o s on ,

insects are paral yzed up n w lking thr ugh the p wder S on whol o a o o . o e

c l nies are wiped out Incident lly C hl rdane is l o e ff ective control

o o . a ,
o a s an

against c ckro ches and ther h useh ld pests

o a o o o .

G h pp
r as s These voraci us feeders are
o er s . kn wn t pass up a o not o o

cactus c llection an d I have seen c nsiderable d m ge d ne by these

o , o a a o

jumping and flying pests The cacti most likely be att cked by grass . to a

hoppers are the Opuntias E piphyllums Zyg cacti an d Schlumbergeras , ,

o ,
.
82 AC TUS GUIDE C

bugs c ngregated in the h llow of the p tat Shake them ff and qu h

o o o o . o s as

them under f t oo .

M i lli p d The e little anim ls which we

e s . w nt c ll th us nd
s a ar e o to a o a

leggers a f und c mm nly thr ugh ut the w rld living in l d mp

”
re o o o o o o , c oo , a

pl ces where there i abund nce f dec ying rg nic m tter T hey feed
a s an a o a o a a .

m stly veget ti n in the de aying state but they will frequently t

o on a o c , a

t k r ts and even stems d seedlings m y suff er c n ider bly Seed

ac oo , an a o s a . s

pl ced in the gr und f germin ti n are ften ingled

a o f their or a o o s out or

f d
oo .

The millipeds ften c nfu ed with centipedes but the l tter are
ar e o o s ,
a

u u lly f und in cell rs d frequently m y r wl int living qu rters

s a o a an a c a o a .

The cen ipedes have nly one pair f legs e ch b dy egment are
t o o to a o s ,

mu h fa ter in m vement and feed nly

c s sm ller nim l life that
o , o on a a a

they c pture The millipeds have two p ir f leg e h segment d

a . a o s to ac an

they shorter in mp ris n It i claimed th t the th us nd leggers

ar e co a o . s a o a —

are re p nsible f dis emin ting cert in b cteri l d fungus rg nisms

s o or s a a a a an o a ,

so it will be duty t rid the premi es f these myri p ds The w rms

ou r o s o o o . o

c an be baited with a sliced p tat dipped in P ris green s luti n in o o a o o or

r enate f lead T bacc du t w rked int the il will give relief also
a s o . o o s o o so .

Oh t I t Be ides ll the ab ve pe ts there may be a f w m re

er ns ec s . s a o s ,
e o

th t may add tr uble h c ctu f ncier but a rule s me f rm f

a o to t e a s a , as , o o o

co n r l will be f und check them Often the individual gr wer w rks

t o o to . o o

out me pr ctic l meth d c pe with t h emergency

so a a o to o e .

A sm ll l use is s metimes f und in seedling p ns and fl ts These tiny

a o o o a a .

insects m ve quickly in sh rt jumps and have a habit f feeding up n

o o o o

the y ung r tlets of pr uted cacti Almo t any c nt ct in ecticide will

o oo s o . s o a s

de tr y them and ften

s o d se will pr ve sufficient T w or three
, o on e o o . o

moth b ll placed in the seed pan with a c ver glass over the seedlings
a s o

is an ther effi cient repellent

o .

OMMON DI SE A SE S C

In th above par graph I tried t li t the m re c mmon insect pests

e a s o s o o

that generally attack c ctus pl nts and the m eth d used c mbat them a a o s to o .

N w I d like deal with s me f the c mm n disea es which ften

’
o to o o o o s o

pl gue cactu collecti ns causing the plants t bec me sickly crippled

a s o ,
o o , ,
or

dying specimens .
C A R E OF C A C T I A N D D I SE A SE S 83

The m t dre ded di e e believ e it or

os i the dis se There
a s as ,
not , s rot ea .

are ev er l types f this dise e br ught by fungi in s me c ses and

s a o as o on o a

by f ulty ulture in thers It can att ck the stem start at the r ts

a c o . a or oo

where i w n t be su pec ed f s me time until c n iderable d mage

t o
’
s t or o o s a

h asbeen d ne The di e se m y be attributed a num ber f causes

o . s a a to o .

A brui e f y kind m y t r infecti n F ulty and pr l nged water

s o an a s a t an o . a o o

ing m y be n ther c u e When cti

a dried ff
a o c m ple ely t h a s . ca ar e o t oo o t , e

r ts will die d if water i pplied in heavy d se

oo an will often t s a o s, rot Se

i even u lly w rking i t way up int the stem if

n, t a checked T h
o s o not . e

dise e ls m ke i entry when the il i kept ggy f cactus plants

as a o a s ts so s so , or

de pi e w feet
s s
“
et .
”

R f en
oo t be detected in the wilted and ften disc l red
r ot o t c an o o o

appe n e sh wn in a pl nt h t h f llen victim to this dre ded

ar a c o a t a as a a a

di e se Th t i why a d ily in pe ti n f y ur c llecti n i advised f

s a . a s a s c o o o o o s , or

then y will get an idea whi h pl nts are f ing well and which
ou c a ar ar e

not A pl nt that h ws gr w h f a l ng time

. a t rts shrivel s o no o t or o or s a to

unde supp edly g d c re h uld be t ken

r os f i p and ex mined oo a s o a ou t o ts ot a

f de d r t ed r ts The dise ed r t must be cut ff well b ve

or a or o t oo . as oo s o a o

the d ied in the unlight and then pl nted in s d fresh sandy

r ot , r s a an or

s il If h wever h
o .
,
h reached the tis ues f h stem surgery
o , t e r ot as s o t e ,

must be perf rmed well int the he lthy stem All infecti n must be
o o a . o

rem ved if h di e e i
o be checked D usting with sulfu i d i
t e s as s to . r s a v s

able Sh uld the cutting instrument whe her a w knife or raz r blade
. o — t sa ,
o

— b p ed thr ugh the infected tis ue it i advi ble

e as s o terilize the s s sa to s

implem en bef e m king h fin l cut If very little f h he lthy p

t or a t e a . o t e a or

ti n f the pl nt remains af ter cutting it i best

o o a it a ci n f , s t o u se as s o or

gr fting r ther th n a cutting f the s ndb x

a a a or a o .

In der av id or di ea es h simple t remedy i

to upply t h
o r ot s s t e s s to s e

pl nt wi h the pr per p us s il whi h will t ke a t h r ugh watering

a t o oro o c a o o

bef re the nex t ppli i n i gi v en Al be c reful th t bruises befall

o a c at o s . so a a no

the pl nt ei her in h ndling pruning it a br ken ti ue i s urce

a , t a or , as o ss s a o

of p ible infe i n e pe i lly when the pl nt i t able build up

oss ct o ,
s c a a s no to

sc r ti ue quickly
a m
ss tm p h ere as I n O I St a os .

Bl k i the n me pplied
ac r ot a disease caused by a fungus
s a a to r ot en

t ering kin b e k u u lly ne r the b se f a c tus The Skin b eak m y

a s r a s a a a o ac . r a

be c u ed by in e t injury Bl ck
a s the name implie turn living
s c . a r o t , as s, s

tissue int a sof mushy black m ss which will spread inw rd r pidly
o t a a a
34 AC TUS GUIDE C

if not checked Sc op t the diseased t issue with a sh rpened te sp n

. o ou a a oo

which I find is far better th n t h blad of a knife Keep water away a e e .

fr m the w und until a hard scar is produced

o o .

Bl k p t i an ther type of rot disease caused by fungus entering

ac s o s o

wounds on a cactus stem but in tead f being mushy it i quite hard , s o , s

in texture It frequently appea s C ereus tems where it i l calized and

. r on s s o

does not as a rule spread , widely b ecause the surr unding cells wall
, o ut o

o ff the di e se All it d es i di fi g
s a the pl nt . o s s ure a .

D mp z ? is a c mm n fungus dise se prevalent in seed flats or pans

a -
o o o a ,

where the seedlings are t cr wded e x cepti nally m ist d kept in a oo o ,

o o ,
an

cl e at m phere Seeds that are

os os cle ned pr perly f adhering pulp
. not a o o

o ften bring this disease A di infectant like S m

on will prevent . s , e e s an ,
“
damping ff o .
”

G mr een d lg may devel p h s il urf ce

os s a n a fl wer a ae o on t e o s a o r on o

pot This may be due fertilizer in the s il too much m isture in

. to o or o

th ec nt iner Since this l w f rm f plant life shuts

o a s . i and h a o o o ou t a r as

tendency t s ur the s il it impedes the gr wth f seedlings and c ntrib

o o o , o o o

u tes r t t P wdered charc l prinkled ver the s il surf ce is a

to oo ro . o oa s o o a

benefici l remedy t apply Stirring the t p oil ccasi nally with stick
a o . o s o o a

— a mild f rm f cultivati n will ls prevent the f rm ti n f algae

o o o —
a o o a o o .

Occ si n lly tips of cacti may dry up a rky tissue will dis l r the
a o a or co co o

stems N thing . be done about this The cactu itself will fight the
o c an . s

disease and wall ff the infected p rti n to keep it fr m spre ding As

-
o o o o a .

soon the cactus checks it and the dried p rti ns are really dry they
as o o

c an h usu lly kn cked ff easily Of c ur e a perm nent c r will

e a o o . o s , a s a re

main .

Frequently t may att ck a cactus plant e peci lly during l ng

rus a , s a a o

rai ny pell in summer In the greenh use this nditi n m y als be

s . o co o a o

pr duced by verhead sprinkling f certain plants The rust fungus

o o o .

causes ru t b r wn appe rance E chin cereus M mmill ria Trich

a s -
o a on o , a a ,
o

cereus L b i i and other thin skinned cacti injuring the epidermis and
,
o v a, -

imp iring the bre thing appar tus f t hese plants A a result the c ti
a a a o . s ac

will be di figured and in me ca es will shrivel up Av id sprinkling

s so s . o

these c cti v erhead f a l ng time and give them all the sunlight and
a o or o

fresh air p ssible If new gr wth emerges and b comes sufficiently large
o . o e

for a cutting to be made do it by all me ns and hr w th diseased por ,

a t o e

tion away .
C H APTE R IV

U S E S OF C A C TI

D E SE R T A RI U M S

S INCE 93 when the liking for desert plants

VE R 1 0

seized me I began thinking eri usly b ut p i , s o a o ex er

m i g with cactus plants in glass cases When

en t n fi b n beg n . ou r r st -
or a to

toddle the kitchen fl or there w gre t d nger f him c m ing in

on o , as a a o o

c n ct with the vici u h rns f prickly c cti that h d been kept on

o ta o s t o o a a

wind w sills and v ri u t ble r und the wind ws N nly that

o on a o s a s a o o . ot o ,

but e v en my wife had ften c me in nt t with the plants in her dai ly

o o co ac

pe f rm n e f h useh ld ch res by brushi ng ag inst them and ften

r o a c o o o o a o

the piny c ti w uld h k

s ac her dre d uncerem ni usly eject
o oo on ss an o o

them elves fr m the c nt iner Then d there it w decided th t s me

s o o a . an as a o

other meth d f p cticing my h bby w uld ha v e be res rted if

o o .
ra o o to o to

pe ce d s fety were expe ted reign in

a an a h me A h Mis uri c to ou r o . t t e so

B nic l G rden I h d lready begun experiment with terrariums

ot a a a a a to

and enj yed a ce tain m unt f ucces with them

o r a o o s s .

Gl gardening i
as s a new f d h ving been in vogue f m re th n
s not a , a or o a

a en ury H wever c ti in such c ntainers h d been c m ple ely dis

c t . o , ac o a o t

regarded until ab ut quarter century ago Glass cases h v e been used

o a . a

85
86 ACTUS GUIDE C

by b t nical instituti ns and c mmercial growers f a l ng time in the

o a o o or o

tr nsp rtati n of pl nts between c untries It w Dr N th niel W rd

a o o a o . as . a a a ,

a L nd n physici n wh first utilized glass c nt iners f g rdening

o o a , o o a or a

purposes and ever S ince these glass g rdens have been c lled Wardian a a

case in his h n r
s o o .

The first W rdi n cases were crude aff irs ;but t day these miniature
a a a o

greenh uses f that i exactly what they have c me b m y be

o —
or s o to e —
a

purch sed in any number f sizes and sh pes or they can be m de at

a o a , a

h me with little tr uble d expense Old fi h qu riums cle r gl s

o o an . s a a ,
a as

c ndy and cr cker jars d v ri us ther glass c ntainers make uitable

a a ,
an a o o o s

garden i glass s- n - .

Al h ugh w dl nd and jungle plants were rigin lly used in the ter
t o oo a o a

i m there was
r ar u re s n why denizen f dese t pl ces c uld
s no be a o s o r a o no t

gr wn in them also Thus the word d

o i m w c ined by me
.
“
e s e r t ar u
”
as o

for these gl s encl ed g den for cacti and succulents A d t i m

a s -
os ar s . e se r ar u ,

as a h use dec r ti n
o hardly be surpassedo a o , c an .

H w o ny ne g b ut m king a gl garden ? Simply ch se a

c an a o o a o a as s oo

suit ble c nt iner f cle r gl ss c n tructi n with m th top edges

a o a o a a o s o s oo so

th t a qu re f gl will fit ni ely on it F the beginner a sm ll rec

a s a o as s c . or a

t ang l aqu
u ar rium i m t satisf t ry bec
a u e the large peningsper os ac o , a s o

mits the f b th h nds in arranging

u se o d pl nting the mini ture
o a an a a

de er Nex t in fav r are the drum sh ped qu ri which are avail ble
s t . o — a a a a a

in three practical sizes and are re n ble in price Since they h ve a as o a . a

smaller pening they may pr ve lumsy d s me mea ure f patience

o , o c an o s o

and dex ter us m nipul ti n i equired cre te a picturesque de e t

o a a o s r to a s r

l ndsc pe lth ugh it

a a be d ne with pr ctice An dv ntage f the
, a o c an o a . a a o

drum sh ped quaria i th t ever l will fit snugly on any wind w ill

-
a a s a s a o s ,

which i an ideal l cati n f the e c es since they will require all h

s o o or s as ,
t e

light p ssible especi lly during the dr b winter e n Bec u e they

o ,
a a s as o . a s ar e

easy h di they will

to interfere with the bu y h usewife regul
an e, not s o
’
s ar

duties .

Dr in ge i f the utm t im p rt nce in the gr wing f c cti in

a a s o os o a o o a

d i m and ften thi

e se r t ar u ve ight i the c use f quick dec y f m ny
s, o s o rs s a o a o a

plant Adequ te drain ge neces it tes the

s . a f p r us s il d b ut a s a u se o o o o an a o

a in h l yer f s nd gr vel ( gravel prefer bly ) at the b t m f

o ne- c a o a or a a o to o

the c nt iner Several pieces f ch rc l are added t p f the dr inage

o a . o a oa on o o a
U SE S O F C A C T I 87

m teri l prev ent the soil fr m bec ming sour or powdered charc al
a a to o o ,
o

can be liberally mix ed with the soil to keep the soil sweet .

Since s il will S h w un t r ctively thr ugh the glass either paint the
o o a t a o ,

outside with aluminum p int line the wall with sph gnum d ther
a or s a an o

ordinary woodland m ss the intended depth f the s il level remem

o to o o ,

bering face the m ssy side the gl ss A mix ture f p us s il is

to o to a . o or o o

then dded and p cked g in the sides d b tt m a usu l depth

a a a a st an o o to a

of b ut h ee in hes
a o t m re depending the c n iner and the plants
r c or o , on o ta

to be gr wn in it Rich l m i be v ided f desert pl nt Instead

o . oa s to a o or a s .

u se a mix ture f and well rotted le f m ld and rdinary l m fr m

o s , a o ,
o oa o

your b cky rd l a a or ot .

Several pieces f r ughly eroded r ck pr vide a backgr und against

o o o o o
88 AC TUS GUI DE C

which cacti are planted Don t permit the rocks t be more pr minent .
’
o o

t han the pl nts C cti can be rranged acc rding to the individual s taste
’
a . a a o ,

but s me really eff ective desert scenes may be w rked out fter examining
o o a

a few desert pictures in p pular magazines With a little th ught d o . o an

patience any ne can create an interesting terr rium

, o that will bring a —
o ne

joy to the creat r and likewise excellent praise fr m friends A mini

o o . a

t ure ten cent st re M exican wi t h perhaps a thatched b t and burro fi g

-
o ,
u

urines , be added as attraction Other me ningle s rn mentati n

c an an . a s o a o

sh uld be av ided Often well placed stones for l rge boulders and m un
o o .
-
a o

tains need be the only t immings in a cactus pl nted Wardian ca e r -

a s .

D crowd the plants as in typical w odl nd j u gle ga den C are

o no t o a or n r .

sh uld be exercised in ch sing small plants th se that

o of slow oo or o ar e

gr wth Alth ugh a terrarium can be entirely planted with cacti the
o . o ,

use f other d inty succulents will add a distinct charm Of particul r

o a . a

in terest are the small r settes of Haworthia that be used to simulate

o c an

ce ntury plants typical f the American desert

so o .

After all plants have been pressed into t h s il it is a g d idea to e o ,

oo

c over the surface f the soil with s nd or fine gravel making sure that
o a ,

e nough f this material lies at the base or ar und the pl nts to act as a
o o a

pr tecti n gainst diseases Finally clea the inside glass carefully

o o a rot .
, n as

as the utside and rem ve any dirt sand gravel that adheres the
o , o , , or to

plants with a mall brush s .

If c re w exercised during the planting and

a as pp rent injury no a a

caused to the r t systems the desert g rden may be m istened lightly

oo , a o ,

primarily ettle the s il If in doubt refr in fr m w er until three

to s o .
,
a o at or

m re days have el psed th t ll bruises whether r ts stems

o a so a a , on oo or ,

will have had su ffi ient time heal ver When ll perati ns are m
c to o . a o o co

p l d
et e place
,
the terrarium where it will receive an bund nce f light a a o ,

f or thi i the chief requisite f suc es In the evenings the e nt iners

s s or c s . s co a

may be placed in c n picu us pl ces in the h me such o s m ntels o a o , as o n a ,

pian s end tables wall niches where they are sure ttr ct de erved
o , , or ,
to a a s

attenti n especially if they

o ,
be lighted The p sh uld be partly c an . to o c ov

ered with a square f glass slightly larger th n the c nt ine pening and
o a o a r o

o nly rem ved when t much moisture within threatens to destroy the
o oo

plan ts .

Watering the terrarium should pose no problem It can b appli d in . e e

90 AC TUS GUI DE C

Pereskias can be utili zed f d t i m Truly a g od number can be

,
or e se r ar u s .
, o

used only in h seedling stage ;otherwise they are bulky d b t

t e t oo an o ru

sive in the miniature settings Whenever p ssible eedlings f two to . o ,

s o

fi ve i h p p ti
-
nc will fit int the scheme far better than the taller
'

ro or on s o ,

often clumsier cuttings The Pereski gr up is to be entirely av ided . a o o ,

sin ce even in seedling st ge they gr w ra k d fast f the glass a s o t oo n an or

desert The Opuntia gr up features the fl j inted Prickly Pears and the
. o at -
o

cylindric C h llas many of which are suitable and lend that d t y

o ,
“
e s er
”

touch t the terr rium Sprigs f the C hri tmas berry c ctu Op i
o a . o s -
a s, u nt a

l pt
e li a slender shrubby ch lla f
oc au s, S uthwestern deserts thrive o o our o , s

well in gl ss g rdens and unr ted cuttings need only be placed in t h

a a , oo e

soil to t ke h ld a o .

In my pini n M ammillarias or Pincushi n cacti are excellent subjects

o o ,
o

f orthe d i m There m re t han three hundred rec gnized spe

ese r t a r u . ar e o o

c ies m st f wh ich are rather sl w gr wers Pincushi n i

, o o apt n me o o . o s an a

f orthese cacti because most f them are globul r cylindrical in sh pe o a to a ,

char cterized by nipples tubercles in spiral r ws the ape of e ch

a or o , x a

nipple pr ducing a spine a cluster of spine the wh le remindful f

o or s —
o o

a typic l pincushi n The spiny rmament i sn wy white g lden

a o . a s o -
or o

yell w reddish bl ckish or gray S metimes the spines are cl sely

o , ,
a . o so o

i n terlocked that they hide h b dy f t h plant ;and then in thers the t e o o e o

spiny p ttern represents a diadem f sta s A few are copi usly w lly
a o r . o oo

and h iry a .

An ther s ti fact ry gr up that d es exceedingly well in gl ss g rdens

o a s o o o a a

i E chin psis c mmonly kn wn as E aster Lily C ct s M st f t h

s o , o p o a u . o o e s e

c ies pr duce off sets often in a tight cluster The plant b dies are gl bular
o , . o o ,

m re robust tha the Mammillarias and in stead f tubercle a ranged in

o n , o s r

spiral rows t hey pr duce ribs outlined in y uth with cl sely spaced
,
o o o

r oles bearing slender spin s

a e e .

A ny of t h b C rei in the juvenile stage can be used to over

e ar or e s ce n t e

s hadow the dwarf globul r kinds just menti ned The C erei are usually a o .

slend er at the base b t fatten U p ab ve and be used to represent the u o c an

u nique S guaro which i u ually referred t

a the king f cacti b
, s s o as
“
o
”
e

cause of its t wering pr p rti ns In my pini n it i highly desirable

o o o o . o o s

t c cti of vari u heights in the d

o u se a i m creat a m re natural
o s e s e r t ar u to e o

i t i eff ct Try a d i m in your hom Y ou ll like it

’
s c t e . e s er ar u e . .
U SE S OF C AC TI
DI SH GAR D E NS
Di h gardens f scinate every ne C acti lend themselves admir bly f
s a o . a or

this purp e as they require a minimum f c re I w uldn t be bit sur

os o a . o
’
a

prised i f m ny a p h i l first didn t

a get interested in the e bizarre
c ac t o e
’
s

pl nts thr ugh a planted di h garden gi v en to him by a friend ; d if

a o s an ,

ei her he viewed it in s me fl ral sh p wind w or saw exam ples at

no t , t o o o o

a fl wer h w M st fl rist sh ps have h d great succ s in selling

o s o . o o o a e s at t r ac

tive c ctu g rdens The tr uble with s me fl rists i th at they like to

a s a . o o o s

slap t ge her few succulents in a dish filled with nly sand or sph gnum
o t a o a

m s ; they mix t gether plants th t

os or wh ll y suited each ther
o a ar e u n o to o ,

su h a m m n C hines evergreen Dieff enb chia with a cactus

c as co o e or a .

The f mer l ves m i ture the l tter thrives wi th ut it An y ne buying

or o o s ,
a o . o

such a g rden will t bec me a p tenti l cust mer becau e the plants
a no o o a o s ,

as a rule will either dry up , the case may be S me fl ri ts als or r o t , as . o o s o

have tendency a vercr wd b wl believing that a well fi ll d dish

to o o a o ,
-
e

will ppe l the eye There m y be s mething the idea ;but a simple
a a to . a o to

g rden pl nted with a ti tic taste will assure m re satisfied cust mers
a ,
a r s , o o .

The pe ple wh l ve bizarre pla ts but cann t grow hem in sm ll

o o o n o t a

h m es
o p rtments because of lack f space need
or a a alt gether be o not o

denied h ple ure of their c mp ny Here i where the dish gardens

t e as o a . s

will fi ll the need They are easy t m n ge they . be m ved ab ut o a a as c an o o

at will when h usecleaning i in rder There i ls the f scin tion for

o s o . s a o a a

th e wh wish create pict ri l arr ngements ;and

os o to it i surprising o a a t oo , s

what fi ass rtment f desert jewels

ne be gr wn t gether in a small
o o c an o o

b d on .

F a di h g rden y flat di h m de f glazed ware metal can be

or s a , an s a o or

u ed The c nt iner sh uld be quite sh ll w ab ut w

s . o a three inches o a o ,
o t o or

deep and m y be f y sh pe and size but the m st p pular di he

, a o an a , o o s s ar e

fr m ten f urteen inches acr ss A n tur l c ntainer like se sh ell

o to o o . a a o ,
a a ,

cactus w d skelet n cypress knee hat h lds a handful

oo o w of , or , t o or t o

Soil be attractive
c an .

The first step after a suitable c ntainer is ch sen is cover the b ttom o o to o

of the di h b wl with a layer f gr vel Add a mixture of go d p rou

s or o o a . o o s

loam c mp sed of equal parts of well rotted le f m ld sand an d ordi

, o o a o , ,

nary yard soil A few chips of charc al sh uld be added to the soil
. o o or
92 ACTUS GUI DE C

pl ced
a p f the gravelonto keep the s
to il sweet Firmo the s il with o . o

th fingers
e th t the dish i b ut h lf full S me ide of the exact de
so a s a o a . o a

sign f the g rden sh uld be h d It i well put r ck int p iti n

o a o a . s to o s o os o

when h di h i h lf full and pres m re s il tightly r und them R cks

t e
'

s s a s o o o . o

simul te actu l h bit t c nditi ns d ften help in anch ring the pl nts
a a a a o o an o o a

in the h ll w c nt iner A center f interest sh uld be m int ined

s a o o a s . o o a a ,

wit h pr per encl ure on the b ck d sides by me ns f l rger r cks

o os a an a o a o

an d pl nts a .

The pl nting f the dish g rden i f c urse a matter f indi v idual

a o a s, o o , o

taste H wever me kn wledge f rel ted pl nts sh uld be h d d

. o ,
so o o a a o a an

simplicity sh uld be the rule Never ver r wd the b wl with m ny

o . o c o o t oo a

kinds f pla ts S me fl rists frequently d this cre te immedi te

o n . o o o to a a

sales kn wing full well th t a cr wded ontainer h lds a cert in appe l

, o a o c o a a

to m ny buyers a .

If y h uld be t h recipient f a dish garden fr m fl rist w h

ou s o e o o a o o

h used de ert materi l with jungle subjects it i dvi ble rem ve

as s a , s a sa to o

the un uited pl ts d m ke it either int a true cactu and ucculent

s an an a o s s

g rden th t will require infrequent waterings turn it int a jungle

a a , or o

g rden that mu t be watered m re ften There i

a ther ch ice f
s o o . s no o o or

succe s s .

Seedling dwa f pl nts sh uld be u ed in the plantings Y ur local

or r a o s . o

c ctu de ler
a s upply y with inexpen ive pl nt wh ich
a c an better
s ou s a s ar e

than the higher priced rarer v rietie It i perfectly all right t a s . s o u se

o ther ucculents with the c ti but I prefer to utilize c cti al ne in a

s ac , a o

pl nting whenever p ssible It might be y ur dv nt ge st ck up a

a o . to o a a a to o

few pl nts f replacements either by additi nal purcha e thr ugh

a or o s or o

y ur w pr p g ti n A number f m ll c cti pr duce ff ets re dily

o o n o a a o s . o s a a o o s a ,

an d the produce adventiti us sh ts when the parent st ck i he vily

o rs o oo o s a

cut .

After the pl nts rr nged spread me gr vel s nd lime t ne

a ar e a a ,
so a ,
a ,
or s o

chat up n the surf ce f the s il Do t water u til the sec nd third

o a o o . no n o or

day and fter that nly when the s il b ec mes dry C l red sa d i used
a o o o . o o n s

frequen ly by the fl i t I supp se r te a p i nted desert scene but

t or s —
o to c e a a —

I prefer regular p gr vel lime ne chat ea a or sto .

On oc i n e peci lly during the h ummer se s n the planted dish

c as o , s a ot s a o ,

garden can be submerged in a bathtub t receive a thorough w tering o a .

94 A C T U S GUIDE C

This hould be done nly when the g dens have dried

s S metimes o ar ou t . o

the littl w ter th t i supplied by verhead method is insuffi cient f the

e a a s o or

plant needs It i be remembered th t w tering i the trickie t part

s
’
. s to a a s s

in y kind f gardening d nly vigil nt watch with experience wi ll

an o ,
an o a

te ch
a h w be t
one water the v ri us plants Learn use t h growing
o s to a o . to e

tip f the pl nts as a bar meter It i

o awise to p ur water directly on o . s no t o

the pl nt but an occasi nal syringing

a s, w rm days keep t hem o on a s

fre h d clean This i likened

s an h wer bath y take refresh
. s to a s o ou to

y ur b dy Make it a practice
o o . syringe a plant a damp cl udy not t o on o

d y or while the
a i be ting d wn it In the f rmer c se water
su n s a o on . o a ,

m y linger
a l ng t h pl nt b dy and m y induce a infecti n ;
t oo o on e a o a r ot o

in h l tter dr ps of water m y act as a magnifying gla s and cause a

t e a , o a s

bu n r .

A well executed dish garden will excite admirati n and interest After
-
o .

be m ing adept at fixing these gardens s me really w rthwhile artistic

co , o o

de ert s be created A well pl ced r ck w d few figurines

s c an . a o or t o an a ar e

a ll h t t needed add m d the miniature desert One l dy in

a ar e to oo to . a ou r

l cal ctus club wh se exh ibits were always winners used make
o ca , o ,
to

eff ective figurines out of regular d ugh which She kne ded nd shaped o a a ,

all wed dry and th en painted A little ingenuity goes l ng way

o to ,
. a o .

NO V E LTY C ONTAINE R S
The aver ge per n in h i h me seem prefer gl zed p t
a so rdi s o s to a o s to o

n ry fl w p In
a ow y t h bright
er l rs are ple ing the eye and
ot s . on e a e co o as to

seem fit well with c l r s heme in the h me At the s m e time they

to o o c s o . a

need nly be wiped occasi n lly with a d m p loth keep them lo king
o o a a c to o

bright at all times N velty c ntainer cert inly attr ctive but
. o o s, t o o , ar e a a

not lw ys the best f the pl nts Oftentimes c nt iners in the shape

a a or a . o a

of fruits vege ables fish and nimals are made

, t acc mm d te only, , a to o o a

a thimbleful of s il that at best the plantings mu t be considered of

o , so s

sh t durati n alt hough it i su prising the am unt f buse these will

or o , s r o o a

stand Once I planted a seedling Selenicereus in a glazed cat n velty con

. o

t i th t held le s than a pinch f s il The cactus grew f w years

a ner a s o o . or t o ,

att ining a f t in lengt h and finally toppled from the shelf d br ke

a oo an o

off It will surprise you what tenacity cactus plants possess !

.
U SE S O F C A C T I 95

Since m t f the gl zed p ttery does

os op s ss a drainage h le at a o no t o se o

b tt m it must be remembe ed drill h le

o o t least place a layer r to a o or a

of gr vel at the b t m
a i d ne f dish gardens The soil will d y
ot o as s o or . no t r

out f st in an e r h en fl werpot and theref re water must be p

as a as a t o , o a

plied carefully in rder th t the il d e bec me stale I usually place

o a so o s no t o .

the gl zed c nt iners in ink d give them th r ugh watering every

a o a a s an a o o

two three weeks with ut y apparent h rm t the pl nts Many of

to o an a o a .

our l c l c ctus club m ember gr w their plants in n v elty c nt iner

o a a s o o o a s

pl ced wind w sills d glass shelves built into the wind w What
a on o an on o .

could b m re attr ctive ?

e o a

GARD E NS BUTTON

Butt n g rdening is comparatively a new fad d is an th er use to

o a an o

which cacti be adapted This is pred minantly a ladie h bby ;but

ca n . o s
’
o

children well as men get a great thrill t f it particul rly

as c an ou o ,
a co n

l t in h spitals B cau e cactus pla t are plump wi h t red

va e sc e n s o . e s n s t s o

water they can live f a l ng time with ut even b ing planted It may
,
or o o e .

take weeks bef re s me f the chubby cuttings begin dry up and die
o o o to -

Of ten cactus stem will start spr ut r ts and attempt gr w bec use
s to o oo to o a

of humidity in the i I have even een bl ss ms ppear on cactus that

a r . s o o a

was left lying b ut shelve f long p ri ds a o on s or e o .

Butt n gardens literally dish gardens in miniature Naturally they

o ar e .

will t last as long but m ny will l k attracti v e f as l ng as six

no , a oo or o

mont hs Butt n ga dens are chiefly used fav rs at parties Garden

. o r as o .

clubs often
, this a pr ject f te ching shut ins to pass their
t o o, u se as o or a -

l nely h ur L dies fr m a l cal g den club used to pay weekly visits

o o s . a o o ar

to the veter ns hospital and te ch patients h w make and care f

a
’
a o to or

these n velties I t helped pas the h urs and bring enjoyment t the
o . to s o o

men c nfined to beds o .

Any kind f butt ns can b used and tiny slips of cacti an d ot her
o o e

succulents glued to them or held in pl ce with modeling clay Large coat a .

butt ns serve as excellent bases f miniature scenes on which tiny fi g

o or

urines d c l rful r cks

an be used Tips f colorful edums single
o o o c an . o s ,

leav es f C r ssula Kl i i and other succulents according to scale d

o a , e n a, , ,
an
“
pups from clustering cacti are most frequently us d The m isture e . o
96 AC TUS GUI DE C

st red in the tiny plants will enable them to live for m ny weeks
o on a .

There is need f watering since the plants full f m isture and

no or , ar e o o

will live several weeks bef re sh wing signs f deteri ration o o o o .

The larger the butt n and some f the c at buttons are really big
o -
o o

the m re plants can be acc mm dated In fact s me really artistic desert

o o o .
, o

scenes can even be cre ted with cacti l ne One of the finest cacti fora a o .

butt n gardens is M m mi ll i l g t known to many as Lady Fin

o a ar a e o n a a,

gers cactus It is a clustering cactu with slender stems about th thick

. s e

ne s of a lady s dainty finger c v ered with a lacy pattern of bright g lden

s
’
o o ,

harmless spines The plant branches freely fr m the base An ther t

. o . o a t r ac

tive species is M mm ill i p li f s mewhat similar to the former b t

a ar a ro er a , o u

c vered with white bristles d bristle like fine hair like spines A i t
o an -
to -
. s s

name implies it also clusters p li fi lly Still an ther miniature pin

, ro ca . o

cushion excellent for this purp se is M m mill i f gili also pr lifi o a ar a ra s, o c

and f very dwarf growth Ot her tisfact ry cacti to be recommended

o . sa o

are the E chin psis R b t i and C h m o These will last longer

,
e u as , a ae c e r e u s .

in butt n g rdening than the other tender succulents

o a .

Button gardens prepare aspira ts f the fl wer arrangement t as n or o ar ,

butt n g rdens can be likened to flower arrangements a diminutive

o a on

scale M ster them d then you

. a attempt l rger and m re elaborate
, an c an a o

pieces .

C A C TI ARRANG E ME NTS

Artistic fl wer arr ngements are always striking d enhance our

o a an

homes c nsider bly F rmerly nly fl wers were used f t ble pieces
o a . o o o or a ,

mantel decorati ns clubr ms and breakfast n ks but gr du lly c l r

o ,
oo ,
oo , a a o o

ful f liage veget bles fruits and even dried m terial came int c mm n
o ,
a , , a o o o

usage C cti d succulents were verl ked despite the fact that they
. a an o oo ,

held several advantages ver the f rementi ned materi ls C t o a o o a . u s u ccu

lents can live for a l ng time with ut w ter and s me f them can be
o o a ,
o o

h ndled quite r ughly Gradu lly a few pi neer beg n to the s m e

a o . a o s a u se a

i i d aloe leaves f
v e r a s an backgr nds and then c l rful r settes of hen
or ou ,
o o o

and chicken pl nts appe red as f cal p ints L ter c cti in the f rm
-
a a o o . a on, a o

of Opuntia and N palea pads were used and gl b se he ds of H m l

o , o o a o a o

ceph l Mammillaria and the like were bravely brought in to supple

a a, ,

ment them .
98 AC TUS GUIDE C

do r beds also Let s consider a small r ckery When ne tly planned such
o .
’
o . a ,

a garden will add w intere t d plea ure the h me wner s enjoyne s an s to o o

’

ment f his grounds In the planning and c nstructi n f a rockery

o . o o o ,

several facts sh uld be borne in mind whether it be strictly a cactu

o : s

garden a mix ture f ther succulent

, a c mbin ti n of alpines and
o o s, or o a o

succulents After the type f r kery has been decided c nsider ti n must
. o oc , o a o

be given to the site the size exp sure and general relati n to the per
, , o , o

manent s rroundings All this may s und intricate and c nfusing but
u . o o ,

fundamentals sh uld be under t d bef re attempting t cre te a pers nal

o s oo o o a o

artistic expressi n A mere jumble f haphazardly placed rocks d es not

o . o o

c nstitute a rock garden ;it rather b c mes an obtrusive rock pile and
o e o an

unsightly devel pment in the therwise cozy surroundings of the home

o o

g ounds A r ck g rden when well planned can be made att r ctive in

r . o a , , a

a lm t y locati n whether in the front back yard with or without

os an o , or ,

a sl pe o .

On most h m gr unds p rticularly in cities where the land is level

o e o ,
a ,

and t h plot is small a cactus g rden must be fr nkly rtificial Such a

e , a a a .

rockery should be pl ced in some c rner f the yard where it will a o o not

harshly interfere with the general utline of the landscaped gr unds o o .

Thi s type of a g rden sh uld be made natural in aspect as p ssible

a o as o ,

inspirati n being derived fr m r cks natural hillsides On the ther

o o o on . o

hand a rockery consisting f cactus plants nly is a c mplete garden in

, o o o

itself and will l k f pl ce even in the center f the lawn I have

not oo out o a o .

s een s me excellent cacti beds in the fr nt yards f Texas and Ariz na

o o o o

homes .

Never build a rockery in the shade of trees as desert cacti and the ,

other succulents delight i n full sunlight An unshaded pl ce usually can . a

be f und in a c rner f the ya d ne r the garage the ash pit or p

o o o r a or , os

s ib ly in the curve f the b rder T h be t r cks f oa cactus r ckery are o . e s o or o

t h e which are p r us
os d m isture b rbing such as the s ndstone
o o an o a so ,
a

and limest ne f und in the M iddle We t The h neyc mbed r ck so

o o s . o o o

eagerly s ught f r ck gardens becau e f its p r us nature is admir ble

o or o s o o o a ,

but any kind f r ck be used even b ulders The s il in a r ckery

o o c an ,
o . o o

for succulents Sh uld be f light sandy c nsistency As f the gr uping

o o a o . or o

of such plants there is rule ,

no set .

Planting cacti directly in the gr und is t recommended in the colder o no

U SE S OF C A C T I 99
climes where permanent pla ting i imp ssible because there is danger n s o ,

o f injuring the r ts when digging them up f oo the winter rem val i or o n

d rs It i better t leave them p tted d plunge the p ts in the s il

oo . s o o an to o o

to within an inch of t h rim Gr vel limest ne chat may be used as a e . a or o

gr und c ver to c nceal the pot rims Plants exp sed to sunshine and
o o o . o

rain the s mmer m nths will do far better than th se kept i

u o o n

t y of a r ckery of semitr pical d tr pi al cacti obe o an o c c an

y a perma f s me f h rdy ucculents

n o o o ou r a s ,

such the Prickly P

as Sedums Talinums d thers , ,
an o .

Where a r ckery i missible the pl nts can be pl ced utd r

o s
'

, a a o oo s

by arranging a gr up again t s me sunny p rti n of the hou e pl cing

o s o o o s ,
a

the tall nes in the back and graduating the rest d wn the l we t in
o o to o s

the front This will be better f watering and even distributi n of light
. or o .

At any rate it is always best to set the pl nt outd rs wherever p sible

, a s oo os

— t h desert kinds in ful l sun and the jungle types under trees
e wher or e

partial shade i available H wever if you h ve avail ble y rd space

s . o , a no a a ,

a back or fr nt p rch i a g d place for the plants I built up a fi step

o o s oo . ve-

w den r ck which I set g inst the wall of

oo a b ck p rch and placed a a ou r a o

the cacti the tiers for a pleasing eff ect There are many ingenious
on .

ways f gr wing cactus utdoors in the summer even in a sm ll l ca

or o o a o

tion If there is a w den fence for inst nce shelves

. oo be added nto ,
a , c an o

it without taking up space d p tted plant the shelves Y u ll be an o s se t o n . o

’

surprised how m ny plants can be acc mm d ted there ! If there i a

a o o a s

shed g r ge ,
p rch attached y ur h me with acces ible flat
a a , or o to o o an s

t pped r f why t rrange the cacti there as a penthouse attraction

o oo , no a .
C AP E R V

P R O F A GA T I O N OF C A C TI

FROM SE E D
ever tried growing C acti fr m seed ? T
AVE Y OU o o

be sure it requires patience l t f patience

,
—
a o o

but t h eff rt will be rewarded m ny tim es ver T h h bbyist it i

e o a o . o t e o s

one f the cheapest means f bt ining a large c llecti n f these str ngely
o o o a o o o a

fascinating desert plants Furtherm re it is surprising what a large and

. o ,

c mmend ble number can be grown in the small space f an ordinary

o a o

wind w of the average flat dweller

o .

Then t cacti that are grown from seed in the home will prove
,
oo ,

hardier and less li ble to l ss than most plants that h ve been tra planted
a o a ns

from their desert envir nment and forced t adjust themselves in their
o o

new surr undings Not th t imp rted cacti fr m their natural habitats
o . a o o

ca not be gr wn successfully ;but these m ture plants very frequently

n o a

are received with unsightly injured spines are les and ther dam ged ,
o , o a

orga s that pr bably will cause their death Th se gr wers wh have

n o . o o o

gr wn the plants fr m seed will be f rtunate in p ssessing the l ng lived

o o o o o -

varieties and getting their money s w rth ’

o .

Am ng amateur plan t lovers the gr wing of cacti from seed has b

o ,
o e
1 02 AC TUS GUIDE C

c me a great fad simply because

o ther gr up of plant off ers such a
,
no o o s

wide vari ti n in growth Let me assure y a m re f scinating pastime

a o . ou , o a

c nn t be indulged in than gr wing a ti fr m seed A gre t thrill will

a o o c c o . a

be g tten f r m the d y the seed i placed in the gr und d sh rtly as

o o a s o an o

it germinates int tiny b ll like b dies spindly cylindric l shapes until

o a —
o or , a

the d y when the seedlings tt in maturity d reward their benef ctor

a a a an a

with gl rious bl m In s me species this d es t take l ng perh ps

o oo . o o no o , a

tw o three ye rs in the e f m st R b i and such thimble size

or a c as o o e u t as —

cacti but gener lly it will t ke much l nger A gr wer in Great Britain
,
a a o . o

h pr ved that fl wers

as o be btained M m mi ll i l gifl within
o c an o on a ar a on or a

f urteen m nths f s wing the seed There are thers th t will fl wer
o o o o . o a o

one year fter seed s wing E i

a and Selenicereu b th night
o . r o cer e u s s, o

bl ming genera m y require fr m five to seven years to attain bl ming

oo , a o oo

stage .

Th e wh os blessed with p tient tem per ment

o ar e cquire a a a a c an a

n t ble c llecti n f c ctu pl nts in few ye by this m eth d f pr p

o a o o o a s a a ar s o o o

a
g i l
at o n ne but it
a oi d v i ble
, depend this m de entirely
s a sa not to on o

lest the l w gr wth f cert in individu ls c use restr ining eff ect
s o o o a a a a a on

the culturist C llecti ns h uld be enl rged by the acquisiti n of a few

. o o s o a o

specimen plants f fl wering size either th ugh ex ch nge f ex cess

o o ,
ro a o

seedlings by utright pur ha e f in s me in t nces it it

or o lways c s , or o s a not a

p ssible secure eed f y ur m st desir ble species pp rtune tim es

o to s s o o o a at o o ,

or again it is pr fit ble gr w t hers fr m s ed when hese plants

n ot o a to o o o e t

can be b ught very cheaply and c nveniently fr m de lers especially

o o o a ,

when the m rket i fl ded with them a s oo .

Raising cacti fr m seed will not nly pr duce a greater appreci ti n

o o o a o

f
or m t f these seemingly gr tesque veget ble m nstr sities but the
os o o a o o ,

experim ent will give many delightful m ments the like f which c nn t o o a o

be des ibed but must be experienced

cr .

N w o w rd b ut seed M st cacti pr du e eed in bundan e F

a o a o s . o o c s a c . or

ex m ple F
a , Wi li ii the m m nest d m t wide pre d of
er oc ac t u s s ze n , co o an os s a

our S uthwestern b rrel c cti i

o f the gre test seed pr ducers i n
a a , s one o a o

the cactus family Fr m eight fifteen m re yell wi h fruits cr wn

. o to or o o s o

the p f each pl nt and e h n rm l seed p d will yield appr ximately

to o a ,
ac o a o o

seeds The gl bul r Gym ly i m M i h i h ii h had

. o a n oc a c u an o a c as

seeds in one berry by actual c unt whereas the small club shaped fruits o , ,
-
P R O P A G AT I O N O F C ACTI 1 03

I l l/V0 4 5 [34 67 7 ( A/V 8 5

“

11V W4 75 ?

f ec e s /y e r 1 4 9 0 0 7 I I V5
I /V f f fl / f 0 ; £ 5 9 0 6 4 ( f l /J

of M ma mill rias ave age around 3 s eds per capsule If nature would
a r 00 e .

permi t t h germinati n of all the e seeds the waste place w uld bec m
e o s , s o o e

veritable jung les However but f w ever sprout and develop into matu
.
, e re

specimens bec use f the bstacles placed in th ir paths s ch

a o o ef ,
u as un a

b l surrounding absence of moisture insect p ests foraging animals

vo r a e s, , , ,
10
4 A C T U S G U I D E C

etc The amateur and professi nal plantsman will experience difficulty
. o no

in germin ting seeds f c cti whether he gr ws them in the greenhouse

a o a , o ,

in the sunr om in the wind w f an ordinary h me or in flats and

o , o o o ,

p ns utd rs
a o oo .

In most of the literature dealing with cacti there seems t be a uni o

versal underst nding th t fresh seed is of the utm st imp rta ce and
a a o o n

th t it mu t be s wn s n p ssible I myself hav e exp ressed the

a s o as oo as o .
, ,

s me pini n sev eral c i ns in my lectures and rticles but addi

a o o on o c as o a ,

i
t on a l e x perience ver l ng peri d f years has shown s me doubt
o a o o o o .

True the e ,
few specie wh e seed sh uld be planted immedi tely
r ar e a s os o a ,

but the m j rity require l pse f sever l m nths bef re being placed
a o a a o a o o

in the seed p I have n ted in sever l in nces that a much higher

an . o a st a

percent ge f germin ti n ccurred when eeds were a year old than

a o a o o s

when s wed sh rtly after h rve ting Frequently two and t hree ye r ld
o o a s .
,
-
a —
o

seed b ught f rth g d results the pl nts gr wing int fine specimens
ro o oo ,
a o o

inste d f upp ed we klings St re packets marked fresh seed really

a o s os a . o
“ ”

ar e much lder th n they dverti ed be but thi need be c use

o a ar e a s to , s no a

for l rm bec use they will germin te succe fully Should seed be har
a a a a ss .

vested fr m h me gr w n plants it i dvis ble rem ve ll adhering

o o -
o s a a to o a

pulp imply by rin ing in w ter and then drying

s If this i s d ne a ou t . s not o ,

fungu gr w h will m ke i appe r nce the seed c t which is det i

s o t a ts a a on oa , t

ment l the germin ti n pr ce s

a to a o o s .

When I g ther ripe eed p ds f c cti I u u lly cut pen the fruit
a s o o a ,
s a o ,

squeeze d spread h seed c ntents

ou t an a piece f stiff paper d t e o on o ,
an

e xp e the seed the

os f f w h ur in rder todry the m d sun or a e o s o to ou t u

l gi
a nou ssub t nce su r unding each seed After a th r ugh d ying
s a r o . o o r ,

the seeds be e ily bru hed int an en v el p and m de re dy f

c an as s o o e a a or

pl nting In the e f le s fle hy fruit like th e f M m mill ri s which

a . c as o s s s, os o a a a

are thin skinned it i wi e dry

-
the c psules gr du lly and then
, s s to ou t a a a

st re them unti l needed

o .

C a tus seed
c be pl n ed anytim e in the ye r if h th u e facilities
s c an a t a o o s

are avail ble but in the v er ge h me the ide l ti m e

a ,
w i in l te a a o a t o so s a

spring th t i b ut the end f Ap il the beginning f M y The

, a s, a o o r or o a .

gre test c l mity bef lling e rly seed s wings i fluctuating temperature
a a a a a o s ,

a nditi n which i gener l in m st h mes at that time f the year In

co o s a o o o .

the greenh use where m re nst nt c nditi ns prevail su h risk can

o ,
o co a o o ,
c a
1 06 AC TUS GUI DE C

Before br adcasting eed in the pan gent ly firm d wn the s il in the

o s , o o

c ntainer with a circular w den bl ck

o
y such instrument in ure oo o o r an to s

an even and sm oth surf ce When s wing seed it is best seg eg te

o a . o to r a

each genus The finer seed can be scattered over the surface but the
.
,

larger sh uld be laid unif rmly in r ws d c r sh ld be ex ercised

o o o an a e ou to

give each eed en ugh free s p ce in which devel p Finer seed sh uld
s o a to o . o

no t be covered at all but a ifting f s il sand just suffi cient to c ver

,
s o o or o

the l rger seed i essential Then a light c vering of fine gr vel i added
a s . o a s .

This serves as a pr tective blanket f any sudden drying o it aid or o u t , as .

s

in retaining m isture r und the seeds d likewise insure supp rt f

o a o an s o or

the tiny plantlets after germinati n o .

After ll these s wing per ti n are perf rmed place the s d pan in
a o o a o s o , ee

a saucer filled wit h w ter or in any ther c ntainer and permit the a ,
o o ,

moi ture penetrate the s il fr m bel w When the t ps il begins to

s to o o o . o o

Sh w dampness rem ve the seed pan from the saucer and empty the
o , o

water The lengt h f time between such watering will depend up n the
. o s o

c nditi ns maintained ar und the seed pans regards heat and ventila
o o o as

ti n In the h me these recept cles are likely to dry out qui ker t h n in
o . o a c a

a greenh use ; it will be necessary water fr m bel w every f urt h

o so to o o o

or fifth day In the greenhouse watering by this meth d will suffice f

.
,
o or

one week to ten days S me cactus seed pr p g t rs prefer t water fr m . o o a a o o o

the t p but unless a very fine mist like pray can be created this meth d
o , ,
-
s ,
o

is not re mmended f the beginner O erhe d spraying may cause the

co or . v a

seed fl at t w rd the edge of the pot and bec me bunched up

to o o a o .

When the seed p has been m istened place a glas cover ver it d an o , s o an

set in a well lighted wind w S me seed will spr ut within a week o . o o or

a f rtnight whereas others may take sever l m nths When germin ti n

o ,
a o . a o

h as occurred raise S ide f t h glass c ver by inserting a matchstick

, one o e o

under it dmit fresh air Seedlings must be guarded against t h burn

to a . e

ing rays f the sun but after ab ut a week

o the tiny plants may be
, o o r so

exp ed str ng light f sh rt m ments d ily u til they gradual ly b

os to o or o o a n e

come accust med it Waterin g fr m bel w i preferable until t h

o to . o o s e

pl nts become sufficiently Str ng to withstand overhead spraying

a o .

E arly transpl nting i t be avoided unles the tiny seedlings begin to

a s o s

crowd each ther The germinated seed m y be all wed gr w f

o . a o to o or

sever l weeks perhaps m nt hs in the rigin l seed pan

a , o ,
o a .
P R O P A G AT I O N OF C A C T I 7 10

The pr ces f tran pl nting require great care f the ve y s ft d

o s o s a s , or r o an

j icy tu b bie
u c ac tender d mu t be h ndled with c uti n lest
s
“
a s
”
ar e an s a a o

they be ident lly qu hed injured T prevent p s ible d m ge by

a cc a s as or . o o s a a

finger p e sure it i wi e th t the n vice

r s me rt of a device in
, s s a o u se so so

h ndling the f eedling An e sily made c ntriv nce i sm ll piece

a so t s s . a o a s a a

o f w d better still w den pl nt l bel with

oo ,
or h lf inch l ng a oo a a , a on e -
a o ,

n rr w lit
a o end With thi imple in trument the tender pl nts
s at o n e . s s s a ar e

lif ed up fter l ening the s il ab ut them d r n pl nted ei her

t ,
a oo s o o ,
an t a s a t

int sm ll fl ts l rger seed pan using the ame s il mixtu e as f the

o a a or a s, s o r or

seeds .

The y ung plants sh uld be p ed ab ut an inch part to all w space

o o s ac o a o

for devel pment When shif ing the eedlings re sh uld be ex erci ed
o . t s , ca o s

not injure the ex ceedingly fine and delicate r tlet that e h plant
to oo ac

p es e ; d f
os s sfety d s pply water immedi tely fter tr ns
an ,
or sa , o no t a a a a

pl n ing but w it at le t t w d ys that if y f the r ts were

a t , a as o a so an o oo

dam ged c identally du ing the tr n ferring pr cess they will h v e suffi
a a c r a s o a

cient time he l ver It i ls highly desir ble keep the pl nt in

to a o . s a o a to a s

a h ded l ti n f f w d y bef re pl ing them in sunny p iti n

s a oca o or a e a s o ac a os o .

The f ter gr wing pecies m y be t nspl nted frequently

as o s a ra a as as re

quired Frequent hifting f seedling will ne es rily h sten growth

. s o s not c sa a .

C ert in pecie h ve
a qui ker r te f gr wth th n thers
s s a a c a o o a o .

As w tering there i re lly

to a rule but rem ember t to permit
, s a no set , no

the il dry so c mpletely as this will pr ve very harmful just

to ou t o ,
o ,
as

t
oo much water i likewi e injuri us the pl nts th t d dry
s s o to a a o not out

f t The best meth d f ll w is water frequently but use a very

as . o to o o to to

little m unt each time a o .

There are but a few reli ble seed dealers in this country well as a , as

abr d wh ff er wide selecti n B ck in the e rly thirties m re seed

oa , o o a o . a a o

dealers were in Operati n p rti ul rly in E ur pe ;but W rld War II o ,

a c a o o

deple ed c lle ti ns and seed were h rder get E ven t d y m st nurs

t o c o s a to . o a , o

er y m save their wen eed f pr p g ti n purp es there is ho i n s or o a a o os as a t r v

ing r de in seedlings f di h garden b wls etc It i quite pr b ble

t a or s s, o , . s o a

th t eed f g d many c cti will be limited f s me time until m re

a s s o a oo a or o o

n rm l c nditi ns prev il W tch the vari us h rti ultur l trade j ur

o a o o a . a o o c a o

na s,l particularly those th t cater t p h i l f the n mes f seed a o c ac t o e s, or a o

1 08 AC TUS GUIDE C

de lers A sur v ey made recently reveals a few dealers fr m wh m seeds

a . o o

of cacti can be pr cured o .

C ac t u s an d C r af t Sh p o H Wi r . nt e

R ou te 1 Kk a te en,

Mi ddl b e or o , M a ss a c h u se t t s F kf A M
r an u rt . Fe c h en h e im
G m y
er an

S hw
Fr i t z c ar z

A p d 347 ar t a o W TN l C . . ea e 8: o .
, Ltd .

S L i P
an u s ot os i , S . L P . . F kl i R d
r an n oa

M xi e co W hi g or t n

S x E gl d
u sse ,
n an

Wi ll i W g a ner

Qi Fu nta d S h m ll e r n an o c o Jh o n s on C a c t u s G ar d ens

C d a y d Mere Q ta e on t e s , ro . P ar a m o u n t , C a if or n ia l
M xi e co

R ki g H
oc n or se C ac t u s G a r d ens

H y Bl f ld ( wh l l
ar r oss e o esa e
) 2
4 5 W G1l . e nr osa

P O B 89
. . ox 2 1 Ph i x A i oe n ,
r z on a

S5 P l B il
0 au o, r az

UTTING S F R OM C

M ny c cti pr duce numer us tiny pl ntlet l ng their ems One f

a a o o a s a o st . o

the be ex mples i the S uth Americ n genus E hin p is h ving l ng

st a s o a , c o s , a o

trum pet like fl wers c m m nly called E er Lily C ctus S me f the

-
o ,
o o as t a . o o

specie pr duce such s bund nce f ff sets that they liter lly c ver
o an a a o o a o

the wh le pl nt These ff se s or pups re dily bec me detached fr m

o a . o t
“ ”
a o o

the m her plant and strike r t when c ming in c nt ct with s il Many

ot oo o o a o .

a pr ud wner f an E hin p is h supplied h i neighb rh d with

o o o c o s as s o oo

st r fr m h i plant Oftentim
a ts o es the off sets pr duce r tlets while still
s . o oo

att ched the m ther pl nt

a to o a
:

Th ere are ther cti th t ex hibit ff spring either the top b tt m

o ca a o at or o o

of h ld pl nt but
t me f the e d
e o det h themselves as easily as
a , so o s o not ac

d the E hin p is ;theref re they must be cut ff

o c o s o ,
o .

The c ctus gr wer wh p sse ses S ingle plants and wishes increase
a o o o s to

h i st ck of them d it quickly by cuttings nly D n t be afr id

’
s o c an o o . o a to
1 10 AC TUS GUI DE C

decapit te a plant Alth ugh thi pr cedure m y eem dra ti to s me

a . o s o a s s c o

pe ple d
o cc i n l pl t m y be killed th ugh carele ness gen
an an o as o a an a ro ss ,

lly it will pr v e pr fi ble On e y u ve le rned h w m ke cuttings ’

er a o o ta . c o a o to a ,

y ou will enj y y ur u ess i momensely and yo will alway shav a cc ,

ou s e re

s erve of p lants f trading f grafting or ju t f keeping in c e the

or ,
or , s or as

mother pl nt dies out a .

The sm ll c cti that pr duce a tuber us root like the Ari carpus
a a o o , o ,

Loph ph ra A ki m d L h b gi sh uld be cut ff ju bel w

o o , zt e u , an eu c t en e r a, o o st o

the head and the he d gr fted nt a g d st ck r her th n ted a a o o oo o at a r oo .

The l w er p rt f the tuber sh uld t be di carded it can d

o a o o no s as ,
an

o ften will thr w t new S h ts wh ich when big en ugh

,
o ou be severed oo , o ,
c an

an d arried c cutting H wever extreme c re must be taken

o n as to s . o , a not

get w er the cut surf ce

at on devel p easily W ter by im mer ing a , as r o t o s . a s

the p ot I n a
p f water and in thi
an oway m isture will get directly , s no o

on the dec pit ted plant It might be worthwhile t put su h pl nt

a a . o c a a

in partly sh ded locati n that the cut surface will

a a dry too o so not ou t

rapidly and even a gl s c ver ver the pot after the cut urface has
, a s o o s

healed suffi ciently will pr ve beneficial o .

Alm st any p rti n of a cactus stem can be cut ff treated and i

o o o
'

o , , n«

d d
u ce pr du e new gr wth All uttings with a large
to o c urf ce must o . c cu t s a

be pl ced in dry atm sphere f few d y in rder f c llus f rm

a a o or a a s o or a a to o

o ver the w unded ecti n This i very imp rt nt be u e uti le that

o s o . s o a ,
ca s c c

i s not he led pr perly will be subject to b cterial

a o which will quickly a r ot ,

de tr y the cutting C ti with small exposed surf ces such Apor

s o . ac a ,
as o

cactus E piphyllum R hips lis Selenice eu and the like f rm a p

, ,
a , r s, ,
o r ot ec

tive tissue in a few hours .

When t king m king cuttings fr m c cti be sure to

a or a cl an
a o a ,
u se e

sharp knife r z r blade If the stem are j inted always cut at the
or a o . s o ,

base f a j int because at the p int f c ntact the cut will be smaller
o o , o o o

and theref re wi ll heal faster If a stem cutting must be taken elsewhere

o .
,

t h is is permi ible ;but since the cut surf ce will be l rger c re must be
ss ,
a a , a

exerci ed s ll w a callus form bef re the cutting can be pl ced in

to a o to o a

sand ndy s il f r ting Never b too hasty to place the cutting

or sa o or oo . e

in the r ting medium unless well sc rred ver

oo a o .

Alth ugh m st cuttings m y be placed directly in mixture of sa d

o o a a n

an d il for convenience pure sand or vermiculite seems to be a better

so ,
P R O P A G AT I O N O F C A C T I 111

r ting medium It i not necessary place much f the cutting bel w

oo . s to o o

the r ting mixture In f ct it i better place all thi k temmed varie

oo . a ,
s to c -
s

ties nly on the sand surf ce and h ld them in p siti n by me s of

o a o o o , an

s icks to prevent them fr m toppling ver S me cacti will pr duce a

t ,
o o . o o

vig r us r ot system in a sh rt time but rdin rily it wi ll take l nger

o o o o ,
o a o

than w weeks New sh ts l ng the stem the el ngati n f t h

t o . oo a o or o o o e

gr wing tip usu lly is an indic ti n th t the cutting i f rming r ots

o a a o a s o o .

W ter sh uld
a be applied to a cactus cutting until some S ign of
o no t

gr w h appears but always be cauti us t t apply t much at one

o t ,
o no o oo

time .

B Y GRAFTING
Perhaps it may be needless expl in what gr fting really is especially to a a ,

t
o th e wh have already tried the experiment Yet there are quite a
os o .

few c ctus f nciers w h indubit bly have

a a the slightest ide what o a n ot a

this simple m de f plant pr pag ti n signifies f what purp e it i

o o o a o , or os s s

intended d the results accruing fr m it M any beginners discouragingly

, an o .

l k up n grafting as art that

oo o be successfully carried out only by an c an

th advanced student H wever this i but a prevailing misconception

e . o , s

am ng n vices f truthfully there i no found tion to it Grafting can

o o , or s a .

be cc mp lished by any per on who p sesses a re sonable am unt f

a o s os a o o

common sense Grafting nly is a very i teresting phase f cactu

. no t o n o s

culture but n w d ys it is alm st essential for each c llect r of thes

, o a a o o o e

bizarre plants wh wishes to have the cacti l king their best at ll tim
o oo a es

or t enable the m re delicate d rarer kinds bec me pr ductive i n

o o an to o o

th usually unfav rable envir nments f their adopted homes

e o o o .

To be sure grafting is art ;but on the other hand it i but a imple

, an , , s s

pr cess by which it i p ssible t unite two distinct plants and induce

o s o o

them to functi n a one In pl in words a sturdy gr wer i forced to

o s . a , o s

act as a support f a we ker member and to supply nourishment to it

or a .

The two plants that are joined are c mm nly kn wn the st ck and o o o as o

the scion The stock is a r ted plant up n which the scion will depend
. oo o

for i t exi tence ;while the sci n is a r otless cutting that is inserted
s s o o

upon the st ck C are sh uld always be taken that th st ck be such that

o . o e o

it will sustai n the graft f a long tim If it is weak or lacking in mois or e .

1 12 ACTUS GUIDE C

ture the sci n will t get en ugh f d and will fare r ther p rly even
,
o no o oo a oo ,

tually drying up entirely .

By grafting it is p sible pr duce ma vel us results in a rel tively

os to o r o a

sh rt time By this me ns it is fe sible to step up or acceler te the

o
'

. a a
“ ”
a

gr wth f gr fted individu l by a year m re Likewise it aid certain

o o a a s or o . s

delicate and weak gr wing types to gain a firmer grip on life than they
o

c uld if gr wn their w r t By this meth d

o o on o i able
n pre rve
oo . o one s to se

th e c ctus varieties th t are sus eptible to a t disease due their

os a a c ro to

parts c ming in c ntact with a m istened s il

o o o o .

Gr fting al serves the purp se of pr pagating sl w gr wing species

a so o o o o

m re quickly It aids tiny edlings attain m turity f ter th n if l

o . se to a as a a

l wed to gr w in the s il ;saves such c ntaminated plants which when

o o o o ,

cut the he lthy tissue would be imp ssible t gr w a cutting b

to a , o o o as e

c use f the much reduced plant p rtion ;insures a greater number of

a o o

fl wers ;devel ps bushy an d more decorative plants ;an d preserves b

o o a n or
1 14 C AC TUS GUIDE
so tight that it cuts int the st ck The f o o . u se o wax i required in s not

ca tus gr fting
c a .

Fl G f When u ing the fl g ft b th

at ra t . i n d st ck sh uld be s at ra ,
o sc o an o o

appr x imately the s me width the intended uni n After selecting the
o a at o .

t w plants m ke
o sm th tran ver e
,
ae h p ecim en and then
a oo s s cut on ac s ,

place the scion on the severed st ck pressing h w flat surfaces fi rmly o ,

t e t o

t gether A a mean f h lding the scion the

o . S f w la ge size rub
s o o , u se o t o r -

ber b nds ( m re the case w rrants ) i f u d highly effi caci u

a or o ,
as a s o n o s .

These sh uld be pla ed gently ver the t p f the sci n d run under
o c o o o o an

ne th the fl werp t thus in uring tightne s Here prec uti n should be

a o o , s s .
,
a o

taken so that the rubbers d ma h the gr ft injure it in any way o not s a or ,

especially on such s ft textured pl nts the Pincushi n Nipple cacti o -

a as o or

( M ammillari s C ryph nthas The heavy

a , textured A o h
p y t m a ,
st ro u ,

Ari carpus E chin p is Gymn calycium and others will stand much
o , o s , o ,

m re pressure with ut any app rent injury than Mammill ria L p h

o o a a ,
o o

phora C oryphanth R b i etc In place f el stic b nds wrapping twine

, a, e u t a, . o a a ,

or string be substituted To prevent the c rd fr m slipping file

c an . o o ,
or

cut f our equal gr ves on the fl werp t rim well on the b tt m d oo o o as as o o an

then run the t ing in the n tches d ver the pl nts ecure the gr ft
s r o an o a to s a

in position It will be a g d idea pl ce me tt n cl th ver the

. oo to a so co o or o o

sci n where the string is apt to cut int the plant An ther meth d t
o o . o o o

h ld the grafted pl nt in place is to t ke a piece f fairly flexible but

o a a o

s tiff wire bend it int the hap e of the letter U and then inverting it
, o s
”
,

( that
so the bent p rtion will c me ver the plant ) nch r it int othe o o , a o o

s il There are vari u ther practical ways by which fresh graf ts

o . o b s o c an e

held in positi n and nly by experience will a definite meth d bec me

o ,
o o o

uited to the in dividual s t ste

s
’
a .

Si d G ft The side graft require no special perati n bey nd S licing

e ra . s o o o

on e side f b th sci n d t ck d fastening h w j ints in place

o o o an s o an t e t o o .

Slender p l r h the Mi tlet e C actus and the Peanut C actus are

an t s suc as s o ,

usually used f thi type f gr fting or s o a .

When all gr fting per ti n are c mpleted set the plants in a warm
a o a o s o ,

and shaded place that the cut urf ces will d y up rapidly thus so s a n ot r t oo ,

preventing perfect uni n Water must be applied carefully f several o s . or

days in rder that m isture will have chance to gather the cut
o no o a on

parts If a drop f w ter remains even f a short while there is a pos

. o a or
1 16 AC TUS GUIDE C

s i b i li t y f t setting in and eventu lly sp iling the gr fting attempt

o ro a o a .

T prevent thi a cident

o d gu d gain t y p sible fungus th t
s c an to ar a s an os a

might get a st rt the fre h w und ( especi lly st cks wh e t

a on s o s a on o os cu

surf ce ex ce eds th t f the s i n ) it i dvi ble exp se the newly

a a o c o , s a sa to o

made g fts t ab ut thirty minutes f sunlight th t a thin mem

r a o o o ,
so a ,

b r an o u s c vering will f rm ver the exp ed fresh cuts

o o o os .

Inspect ll gr ft c i n lly n te whe her uni n has f rmed pr p

a a s oc as o a to o t o o o

erly S meti m es it h pp ns th t fter ab ut a lapse f

. o week the
a e a , a o o o ne ,

st ck will c ntr t and pr duce a depre i n under the sci n eventu lly
o o ac o ss o o , a

teari ng the wh le united gr wth p rt This may be due several c u es

o o a a . to a s .

Prim rily the binding twine othe supp rt m y h ve been l se

a or r o a a t oo oo to

permit the two surf ces t weld t gether venly d perh p the a o o e an a s su r

r unding air w
o dry in addi i n c using rapid ev ap r ti n f m
as t oo t o ,
a o a o ro

the p rti n Then

cut o the elastic b nd string or wire supports may
o s .
,
t o o, a s, ,

h ve been rem v ed s n The e pr ps h uld

a o be rem ved f at
t oo oo . s o s o no t o or

le t m nth unless they bec me

as a o , tight f the i n R ther leave o t oo or sc o . a ,

the upp rts a little l nger than withdr w them

s o on n o to a t o o s oo .

An ther pre uti nary me ure b erve and th t will pr ve bene

o ca o as to o s on e a o

fi i l in ver ing b d luck with gr fts e peci lly if su h m ll gl b se

“ ”
c a a t a a , s a c s a o o

and sh rt ylindric pl nt R b i L b i i
o -
c d F il a up n
s as e u t a, o v a , an ra e a, ar e se t o

C ereus st cks h ving pr minent ribs pr truding fr m the centr l ax i i

o a o o o a s, s

to cut the ribs at a S light ngle This eliminate the h rd uter skin d a . s a o an

an
y pinescluster which w uld interfere in making
s a g d uni n When o oo o .

the ci n is placed
s o
p of the s omewh t higher fl center
on t oof the S t k a ,
at oc

an d held in pl ce by elastics the e is a ch nce f the st ck pu h ,

r no a or o to s

out the gr f If m i ture h uld accident lly gather the cut u f e

a t . o s s o a on .
s r ac ,

it will run ff re dily T s me su h a gr ft m y l k unsightly f the

o a . o o c a a oo or

first few m nths but eventu lly the gr ft will ver the sl nting p rti n
o , a a co a o o s

and m ple ely u r und them wi h i g wth

co t s r o t ts ro .

Pe ch nce s me inf rm i n m y here be de ired ab ut the diff erent

r a o o at o a s o

type f t ks ; whi h ne
s o s oc m t cceptable f re ei v ing gr f
c o s ar e os a or c a ts,

where get them d h w m n ge a te dy upply f re er v e

to , an o to a a s a s or s .

The be t st cks member f the C ereus gr up e pe i lly th se th at

s o ar e s o o ,
s c a o

pr du e S turdy upright gr wths in rel tively sh rt time A m ng the be t

o c ,
o a o s . o s

i the genu T i h
s with sever l g d species such Sp h i
s r c oce r eu s, a oo as ac an u s ,

la m pr oc hlo r u s , p a s ac a n a , Sc h i c /(e n d a n t z ii , m ac r og o n u s , ca n d i c a n s , an d
others . Most o f these varieties can be gr wn readily fr m seed and me o o so
1 18 AC TUS GUIDE C

guarding the rarer imp rts r ther th n ri king them their own r ts o a a s on oo .

It will p y the individu l wh expe t a d plenty f gr fting in a , o c s to o o a

se s n prep e h i t ck during the winter m n hs th t the plants

a o ,
to ar s s o s o t so a

will be well ed d re dy when needed A rule m st of the f re

root an a . S a , o a o

menti ned pl n s may be readily gr wn fr m lip ; d if any f t h

o a t o o s s an , o e

spe ie c in h p essi n f the cactu c llect r he h uld avail him

s ar e t e oss o o s o o ,
s o

self f ll h cu tings he
o a secure fr m such pl nt
t e t c an o a s .

In e lier p r g phs f hi h pter the reader i enlightened in the

ar a a ra o t s c a s

v ri u w ys f m king cu ing and f in re sing h i supply fr m single

a o s a o a tt s o c a s o

pl nt Whenever ut ing w y the uppe p ti n f C ereu m ke

a s . c t a a r or o o a s to a

way f the pl cem ent f h sci n it i re m mended that en ugh h

or a o t e o ,
s co o e

cut w y th t the p piece

a a be u ed f
so cutting r ther th n dis
a to c an s or a a a

carding it In c n ide ti n the sev ered segment must be at least two

. o s ra o ,

inches l ng f r ting pu p se o or oo r o s .

An ther w r hwhile tip m y be f interest After cutting ff a ci n

o o t a o . o s o ,

as f L ph ph d
o oh w w y the re m ining p rti n f the l wer
o o r a, o not t ro a a a o o o o

or unde gr und tem but p rmit it gr w Gener lly this p rt tend

r o s , e to o . a , a s

to pr duce dv en iti u h
o thereby ll wing
a lert p h i l t o s s oot s, a o an a c ac t o e to

increase h i k tw f ld Th e w h h v e s the pp rtunity p

st oc o o . os o a n ot o o to ro

du e gr fting st ck fr m heir w p iv te plants are reminded that

c a o s o t o n r a

su h ted ( well unr ted ) cutting can be e sily secured fr m

c r oo as as oo s a o

the nu e ym n n min l pri e rs r a at o a c s .

S m e ime cert in st k will h v e the endency

o t s pr duce suckers a oc s a t to o or

o ff sh t eitheroo s the b e infrequen ly l ng the tem When these at as or t a o s .

m ke their appe r nce i i d v i ble em v e hem i m medi tely ; th er

a a a t s a sa to r o t a o

wi e h ci n will be depri v ed f much nutrient m t er thu hinde ing

s t e s o s o a t , s r

the gr wth f h graf ts Pe e ki tem d E chin p is usu lly pr duce

o o t e . r s a s s an o s a o

the e ucker in bund nce

s s s a a .

G r f ing be t ted in the e rly p t f M rch and even if th ese

a t c an s ar a ar o a ,

pl nts
a in full veget ti v e gr wt h hey will utgr w th se gr fted
ar e n o t a o ,
t o o o a

in July d August an .

After h gr f ting pr ce i c mpleted

t e ther c re ( except that
a o ss s o ,
no o a

alre dy menti ned in the preceding p r gr phs ) i neces ry H wever

a o a a a s sa . o ,

it will be pr ti ble t nspl nt gr ft ed pl nts b ut nce a year

ac ca to ra a a a a o o to

in ure g d s il c nditi ns A little liquid m nure i beneficial in the

s oo o o o . a s

growing seas n o .
C H APTE R VI

ST IN C A C TI

HER E
many cactus clubs scattered thr ughout
ARE o

the United St tes and in f reign countries th ugh

a o ro

out the world C actus fan in the United State wishing to j in any par
. s s o

ti l gr up are referred to the foll wing clubs which are ffi liated with
c u ar o o a

the nati nal society with headquarters in C lif rnia F further i f

o a o . or n or

mati no c
o n an
y ctus club t h reader
a is invited to write
e t h author at the e

M iss uri B tanical Garden 3 5 Tower Grove Avenue St Louis

o o ,
2 1 , . 1 0,

M iss uri
o .

Cac t u s and Su c c u le nt Soc i e t y f

o A mer i c a I nc
, .

This nation wide organization was f rmed in January 9 9 at Los A

-
o 1 2 n

geles C alif rnia The S ciety launched its first c py of the C t [ l

, o . o o ac u s ou r n a

with the J uly 19 9 issue ; d the magazine the m st outstanding f i t

2 an ,
o o s

kind has been published uninterruptedly ever since by Scott E H selt n

, . a o ,

able edit r at Pa adena The publication encourages the amateur culturist

o ,
s .

of cacti and succulents benefits the pr fessi n l gr wer d furnishes the

, o o a o , an

reader with interesting entertaining and helpful material Subscripti n

, ,
. o

to the magazine is per year which includes membership i n the

,

1 19
1 20 ACTUS GUIDE C

n ti n l s ciety Field trips d tours t priv te g rden

a o a o . under ken an o a a s ar e ta .

M eeting p en the public nn

s, o unced in the C J
to l Bien , ar e a o ac t u s ou r n a .

ni l n v enti n
a co held in v ri u itie where ffili te club are func
o s ar e a o s c s a a s

i i g T h fi f h bienni l c ctus c n v enti n f the S ciety was held in

t on n . e t a a o o o o

Arc di C lif ni in 953

a a, a or a, 1 .

T h e A m a t e u r Cac t u s Soc i e t y o f Ch e s t er

Thi uthe n Illin i ciety w rg nized Oct ber 3 945 Meet

s so r o s so as o a on o 1, 1 .

ings held the first Wedne d y ev ening f e h m nth at the h m e

ar e on s a o ac o o

of the f under M E ll Nipper D ues are

o per ye r Pr je t i
, rs . a . a . o c s n

l d gr f ing di h g dening
c u e rs ge rr ngement gr wing pl nt
a t , s ar ,
co a s, a a s, o a s

fr m seed wind w g rdening etc

o , o a ,
.

A r i z o n a C ac t u s an d Na t i ve Fl or a Soc i e t y

Thi iety w f rmed to sp ns r a B t nic l Garden in P pag

s soc as o o o o a a a o

P k ne Ph enix in 937 It i
ar , ar c tu s ciety in h a ep ed
o ,
1 . s not a ac s o t e cc t

me ning f the term but mem be hip in the S iety i ctually member
a o ,
rs oc s a

S hip in h D e ert B t ni l Garden wi h nnu l fee of

t e s f ctive o a ca t a a s or a

mem bers Mem bers receive the S g l d B ll i ten times a ye r

. a u ar o a n u et n a

wh i h give inte e ting rep rt

c de ert pl nts d keep member in
s r s o s on s a an s s

t u h with G rden ctivities A gr up f l c l pe ple kn wn

o c a The a . o o o a o , o as
“

ll f wh m must be me m ber f the G rden meet on

”
C m i
ac t o an a c s , a o o s o a ,

the fi t Tue d y f e h m nth in the Webster Audit ium of the

rs s a o ac o or

G rden d p g m f m u u l help d inf rm ti n i f ll wed by

a ,
an a ro ra o t a an o a o s o o

k d h mes f pl nt l c litie M e ing

o ac ro held in h m nth f m
o a s or o a s . e t s ar e t e o s ro

O t ber M y nly O c i n l field trip

c o to unde ken N dues
a o . c as o a s ar e rta . o

o ther h n mem ber hip in h G den are equired T h G rden w

t a s t e ar r . e a as

h t the third bienni l nv en i n f the C ctu and Suc ulent S iety

os to a co t o o a s c oc

o f A m eri a I in 949 c , nc .
,
1 .

C ac t u s an d
f f i Su c c u le n t Soc i e t y o C ali or n a

This s iety w rg nized in the e rly middle thirtie Meetings

oc as o a a or s .

are u u lly held the se nd Sund y in each m nth the meeting f m

s a on co a o ,
s ro

Oct ber t April in O kl nd and fr m April Oct ber at the v ri u

o o a a ,
o to o a o s

homes f members in the l cality Dues are

o a year which includes o .
,
122 C AC TUS GUID
D e n ver Cac t u s an d Su c c u le n t Soc i e t y

The club was rg nized Oct ber 938 with seven charter mem
o a on o 1, 1 ,

bers The purp e of the club is pr m te the study and culture f

. os to o o o

succulent plant life In summer field trips are m de c ctu l c lities .

, a to a s o a ,

not much c llect c cti as

so b erve them in their native habitat
to o a to o s .

M eetings are held the last Friday night of e ch m nth Dues are
on a o .

a ye r The s ciety libr ry c nsists f appr x im tely fifty book on c cti

a . o a o o o a s a

and su culents The club plant i C l d M V d In 95 the

c . s o or a oa es a- er ae . 1 1

Denver S ciety was h t the f urth bienni l conventi n of t h C actus

o os to o a o e

and Succulent Society f America Inc o , .

D es M oi n e s Cac t u s an d Su c c u le n t Soc i e t y

This club was rganized Oct ber 7 938 at the h me f M o on o 1 ,

1 , o o rs .

Virginia Wickli ff Membership dues are per year Meetings are

. .

held the third Tue day f each m nth The club sp n red the C actus
on s o o . o so

and Succulent Garden in the Tr p ical R m f the C ity Greenhouse o oo o .

M embers f the S ciety serveo H tesses during the annual C h y o as os r san

t h m m Sh w and als make fl wer

e u ra gements C lub fl wer i Op
o o o ar n . o s un

t i a t or t i s pi n a .

T h e D e t r oi t Cac t u s an d Su cc u le nt Soc i e t y

This M ichig n gr up f p h i l w rganized

a in 943 Dues are o o c ac t o es as o 1 .

per ye r M ee ings are held every second Sund y f the m nth One
a . t a o o .

of t h functi ns f the S ciety i t increase kn wledge f c cti d suc

e o o o s o o o a an

l d the members
c u e n t s , an ked to turn in rep rts the meetings ar e as o at .

Pilgrim ge the University f M ichig n at Ann Arb r and to other

a s to o a o

pl ces h using cac i and succulents undertaken

a o t ar e .

E l Pas o C ac7u s an d R o c k C lu b

This club w rg nized N v emb r 937 study pr mote d

as o a on o e 1, 1 , to , o , an

enc ur ge the cultiv ti n of c cti d als

o a study r cks Meetings a o a an o to o . ar e

held the f urth Tuesd y f e ch m nth t h H stess f the M nth

on o a o a o ,
e o o o

de ign ting the meeting pl ce and the teleph ne c mmittee n tifying

s a a o o o

the membership Lectures are given at the meetings d field trips

.
, an ar e
I N T E R E ST I N C A C T I 3 12

often undertaken The club h a display at the Ann u l Flow r Show

. as a e .

Dues are per year The club i h st to the sixth biennial c nvention . s o o

of t h C actus and Succulent Society of America Inc in 955

e , .
, 1 .

T h e E pi ph yllu m Soc i et y o f A m er i c a

This sp cialized gr up w rg nized on M y 5 94 Membership i

e o as o a a ,
1 0 . s

spread thr ugh ut the w rld T h primary purpose of the rg niz ti n

o o o . e o a a o

is to clarify the n mes d descripti ns f the numer us E piphyllum

a an o o o

hybrids which were in the trade and until th is club w f unded had ,
as o ,

been known as Phyll The dues per year M eeting oc ac t u s . ar e . s ar e

held in J u y March M y July September and N vember A mime

an ar , , a , , , o .

o g p
rah d B ll i i
e issued i ueight times a
et nyear An annual sC t s x to . u

Fl wer Sh w f all f rms f epiphytic cacti i staged in M y in s m

o o o o o s a o e

part f L A ngeles C unty in C alif rnia In the f ll a Picture C ntest

o os o o . a o

is held dev ted to all f rms of pictures wi h E piphyllum m tif and

o o t an o ,

art bjects d fabrics

o exhibit
an ar e o n .

F r e e po r t C ac t u s Clu b

This n rth Illin is c ctus club w rganized Febru y

o o
94 a as o on ar 21, 1 0 .

M eetings are held at the h mes f the members and c n ist f le s ns o o o s o s o

given by selected members wh g ther the inf rm ti n fr m arti le writ o a o a o o c s

ten by pr fessi n l f ll wed by discussi ns The club emph sizes t h

o o a s, o o o . a e

imp rt nce f visiting ther members collecti ns f inspirati n and new

o a o o
’
o or o

ideas A cactus sh w i pl nned occ sionally

. o s a a .

He n r y Sh a w Cac t u s Soc i e t y
This s ciety w f unded by me July
o
94 with
astwelve charter
o on 1 2, 1 2,

members pre ent R egul r meetings are held in the Museum Building at
s . a

Mi s uri B tanic l Garden l cated at C level nd

s o o d T wer Gr ve Ave
a , o a an o o

nue gate in S L uis Meetings take place the sec nd Sunday f each
t . o . on o o

m nth at
o
p m Usually a featured speaker i each pr gram
. d i s on o s

cussing s me ph se of cactus culture ften illustrated with k d chr me

o a ,
o o a o

slides m vies A plant of the m nth i featured and dis uss d d an

or o . o s c e ,
an

attendance prize i dr wn A mamm th fall cactus S how i staged in t h

s a . o s e

Flower H use at Miss uri B tanical G rden in September The society

o o o a .
1 24 ACT US GUI DE C

publishe a nine page mime graph d C

s Di g t which goes to m m
-
o e ac t u s es e

bers in ll parts f this country and abr ad Dues are

a o f activ o . or e

members for subscribers and

,
for f reign C lub fl wer i , o . o s

N beo y m i i
e ss e i St Lauis was h st the first cactu
s s ou r e n s s . . o o to s c o nv e n

ti n f the C actus and Succulent Society of America Inc in 94

o o , .
, 1 1.

K I O Cac t u s Clu b
. . .

This club w rganized on July 937 at the home f M and M

as o 1, 1 ,
o r . rs .

C harles C le in C incinnati to take in me m bers fr m Kentucky Indiana

o o , ,

and Ohi Dues are o per member Meetings are held on the third
. .

Saturday of each m nth at p m usu lly in the Irwin

o M Kr hn C . .
,
a . o on

E den
s e r v at o r
y P rk C incinnati
,
Pl nts are s ld a d exch, nged at meet . a o an a

tings C lub w host to the second nati n l c nventi n f the C actus

. as o a o o o

an d Succulent S c i ety of America in 947 The club w

o instrument l in 1 . as a

getting a C actus Wing erected the C onservat ries in E den Park on o ,

whi ch was c mpleted and dedicated N vember 4 939 M any b ks

o on o , 1 . oo

were pre ented by the club to the Lloyd Library and t the Garden C
s o en

ter Placque and red le ved Y ucca were donated to the Desert B tanical
.
-
a o

Garden in Pap go Park Ph enix Ariz na in mem ry f M Irwin M

a , o , o ,
o o r . .

Kr hn late President f the Bo rd f Park C mmissi ne s C incinnati

o , o a o o o r ,
.

L o ng Be ac h Cac t u s C lu b

This club was rganized in March f 933 by M J hn Klenke for

o o 1 r . o

the purp ses of pr moting the general interest in cacti and the ther
o o o

succulents in exch nge f inf rm ti n these pl nts and t w rk f

, a o o a o on a , o o or

a public garden f the cacti and succulents The club has pl nted and
o . a

presented the C ity of L ong Be ch C alif rni a large succulent g rden

to a ,
o a, a

in Recre ti n P rk The club t k es pride in exhibiting in m ny f the

a o a . a a o

g rden sh ws and als for h lding a very successful c ctus Show The
a o o o a .

gr up meets prim rily at the h m es f members the third Sunday of

o a o o on

each m nth and the dues are nly 5 ¢ p person a year

o o o er .

L os A nge les Cac t u s an d Su c c u le n t Soc i e t y

This club was originally organized in 934 1 as the Southwest C actus

Gr wers It changed the name t the present
o . o o ne in 94 Meetings are
1 1 .
1 26 C AC TUS GUIDE
an d Decemb r Fl wering plants are br ught t e . o o o th meetings t be di
e o s

cussed Dues are per year

. .

Sar as ot a Su c c u le n t Soc i e t y

This club w rganized in the fall of 95 wit h ten charter memb rs

as o 1 0 e

for the purpose of studying the culture of succ lent under ld l condi u s ca

ti ns their correct nomenclature their

o , in landscape design and as , u se

specimen plants and also aid in civic pr jects inv lving this specialized
, to o o

study A r ck garden w st rted ground l aned by M W G Spark

. o as a on o r . . .

man t the c rner of Myrtl and C oc nut Avenues in Saras ta Fl rida

a o e o o , o ,

and neg tiations are under way t purcha e the pl t T h g rden is open
o o s o . e a

to the public visit rs days and the members c peratively c re f

on o
’
oo a or

the pl nts A sl t h use was l built A library i m int ined and an

a . a o a so . s a a

exhibiti n i put at the l cal fl wer S h w At first meetings were held

o s on o o o .
,

in priv te h mes but w a room i set aside in the Sparkm n residen e

a o ,
no s a c

where careful study and w rk in the experiment l g rden i undertaken o a a s .

E ac h member i invited to write a p per prepare a pr gram f

s a or o o r on e

of the meetings which are held the first Friday f e ch m nth at

, on o a o

p m Dues f active members

. a yea ; d f s ciate
or ar e r an or as o

members a year , .

FOR E IGN E NGLI SH SPE AKING C LUB S -

Cac t u s an d Su c c u le nt Soc i e t y o f Gr e at Br i t ai n

This ciety w founded by E Sh ly E q in N vember 93 at the

so as . ur ,
s .
,
o , 1 1,

S Bride Institute in the C ity f L nd n During W rld War II t h

t . o o o . o e ac

ti i i
v t es f the society were su pended f
o the dur ti n but in 945 the s or a o ,
1

club w re rganized with fifty members attending the first meeting At

as o .

pre ent six hundred members are the r ster The Society publi hes
!

s , on o . s

aC J l which
ac t u s w st rted in 93
ou r n a It i a qu rterly
,
edited by as a 1 2 . s a

M Sh ly The activities f the club center around the J urnal The

r . ur . o o .

S ciety h
o a ve y ex tensive free distributi n f seed t its members some
as r o o o ,

th usands f packets g ing out every year

o o o .
I NTE RE S T IN C ACTI 12
7

Nat i onal Cac t u s and Su cc u le n t Soci et y

This s ciety w rganized August 3 945 when the Me srs A

o as o on 2 , 1 ,
s . .

Baynes F Ives V W Kane and H M Roan discussed at great length

,
.
, . .
,
. .

the p s ibilities of forming a club to bring t gether cactus enthusiast in

o s o s

G reat Britain The men met at the h me of M H M R an and it

. o r . . . o ,

w decided to call the new orga iz ti n the Y rkshire C ctus S ciety

as n a o o a o .

H wever in the latter h lf f 946 the name was changed to t h present

o ,
a o 1 e

one b cause the s ciety b e me nati nal in scope The society has gr wn
e o ca o . o

to be the largest of i kind in E ur pe Branch clubs have been establi hed

ts o . s

in all parts f the British Isles each h lding i t meetings sp cial

o , on e o s on e

days There are twenty fi branche perating at present A quarterly

.
-
ve s o .

C d S
ac t u s l t J an l is published Subscripti n f
u cc u e n Ordinary ou r n a . o or

Members is for Junior Memb rs /6 ; and f Ass ciate M m e 10 or o e

bers 5/
T h e L on don Cac t u s Clu b

This club w rganized to cater the beginner with a few plants

as o to

on a window sill well to the enthusiast with a c llection filling a as as o

greenh use Meetings are held once a month at the R yal H rticultural
o . o o

Hall where lectures are given by leading auth rities

, d fell w members o an o -
.

E ach member receives T h C t l ffi cial m nthly journal of the club e ac u e n t , o o

which c ntains articles all aspects of the hobby A c mprehen ive

o on . o s

library f the f members i m intained Facilities

or u se o given f the s a . ar e or

acquisiti n f plants and equipment at reas n ble prices The dues

o o o a . ar e

l w o per annum full 5 joint man and wife 5 juni rs under

, 1 03 .
, 1 3 .
, s . o

e ighteen years .

Cac t u s and Su cc u le n t Soc i e t y o f N e w Ze al a n d I nc , .

This s ciety w org nized in 947 a d since h gr wn be the larg

o as a 1 n as o to

est cactus club in the S uthern Hemisphere E leven br nch clubs are o . a

est blished thr ugh ut the D mini n d e ch branch i an entirely self

a o o o o , an a s

contained unit with its w ffi cers The N w Z l d C , d S o n o . e ea an ac t u s a n uc

l t J
cu en l i the ffi cial org n f the s ciety wi h dues fi x ed at
ou r na s o a o o t

for adults for juniors an d 5 for associates Members resident i n

, , 3 . .
1 28 AC TUS GUIDE
C

Ne w Zealan d may b rr w from o o the soci ty s libra y by paying postage

e
’
r

and a few pence reading fee .

Cac t u s an d Su cc u le n t Soc i e t y o f A u s t r ali a

I haven t been able to ascert in when this s ciety was f unded but it
’
a o o ,

must have been in the early f rties and then lagged until it was revived
o

i n 947 The f llowing year T h Spi

1 . o ffi ci l qu rterly org n was
,
e ne , o a a a ,

launched as an ambiti us pr ject Members bring plant for competiti n

o o . s o

to the m nthly meetings B ks fr m the s ciety s library are av ilable

o . oo o o
’
a

for the use f c untry d interst te members Membership i / per

o o an a . s 10

annum per pers n 5 / per

o ,annum
or f 1 husband and wife and or ,

for juni rs o .
1 30 AC TUS GUIDE C

B o I SSE VAI N , C HARL E S H AN D C AR L DA I DS N C l d C i 73 pp i ll

. O V O . o or a o ac t . .
, us

d wi h 4 h l f
t r at e e t l pl e d m
2 a l i e d w i g Ah
t o n s , on e c o o r at ,
an nu e r ou s n ra n s .

b y G d n P e
e ar P de C l i f ni 94 Th i i
e r ss , i ll
asa d g ide n a, a or a . 1 0 . s s an u s t r at e u

d e i b i g ll f h i v e C l d
sc r n a o i d im p i g b k wl dge
t e n at o ora o cact an ar t n a et t er no e

o f h t ly h dy pe ie i b le f
e t ru ar d r l e in d i i s c bje t
s su ta or ou t oo cu t u r st r ct s s u c to

seve e wi terr n s .

B N E R F RAN C E S AND J H N JAME S TH RN ER T h S g f h D

O K , O 6 pp O B . e a e o t e es e r t . 10

8 i ll Th S
us . f d C m p ny Be t r a t or
93 T h i l i l e b k d e l ow i h a ,
os t o n . 1 0 . s tt oo a s t

so m e f h wei d f n o t i g w h f h A me i D e i p p l
e r a t as t c ro t s o t e r c an es rt n a o u ar

w y by p e e ting er in im pl e f
a r s n f ture d de ig e vi me ;
c ta s ac t s o st r u c an s n, n r on nt

di ib i nst r ut o , etc.

B 0 R G, PR J C i 4 pp 93 h lf ne ill M mill n 8 C m p ny L d
OF . . ac t . 20 .
,
a to us . ac a : o a ,
t .
,

L d n 937 Th i i g d ene h ndb k f h id i fi ti n d l i

on o . 1 . s s a ar r s
’
a oo or t e ent ca o an cu t

v i n f ti Af e f w in d y h p e f g e l h
at o o c ac . t r a e t ro u c t or c a t rs o a en ra c a r ac t e r

con vey ing eleme y kn wledge h l iv i n w ll nt ar o on t e cu t at o ,

as e as c ac t u s s t r u e

tur e ge e l l ifi i n i given wi h n i e b f ll d i p i f th
, a n ra c as s c at o s t co c s ut u e scr t on s o e

g ene f C
ra o e e d m f h p e
ac t ac a ie in l i v i l
an
g w i h h eir os t o t e s c s cu t at o n , a o n t t

v i i A e d ed i i n w p b li h ed in 95 i l de h ee h d ed
ar e t e s . s c on t o as u s 1 1 to nc u t r un r

a dd i i n l pe i e
t o a s c s .

BR I TT N N L AND J N R S E T h C
O , . . F r v l me . 8
4 pp p
. O . e ac t ac e a e . ou o u s, 1 0 .
, ro

f ly i ll
u se ed wi h bl k d wh i e ph g ph d l pl e well
u s t r at t ac -
an -
t ot o ra s an c o or at s , as

as line d wing T h C negi e In i i n f W h i g

ra s . e 9 9 9 3 T
ar h i st t u t o o as n t on . 1 1 -
1 2 . s

i h fis t e m p eh i v e t e ti e
r st co h C tu f m i ly i
r ens h E gl i h l r a s on t e ac s a n t e n s an

g uage w h i h
, h m e b
c kn w n t h asA m e i n
co C u B i ble to e o as e
“
r ca ac t s .
”

M e h n w lve h nd ed pe i
or t a t e d e i b e d i d e i l d h e e Ke y
u r s c e s ar e scr n ta an t r ar e s

to a ll h i m p t n g p T h B i n d R e y em f me l
e or t a t rou s . e r tto an os s st o no n c at u r e

e ve h b i f m f h
s r s as t e m n g ph
as s f l
or h ;h w
os t o t e c ac t u s o o ra s o at er a u t ors o

eve h nge d evi i n

r, c a ne e y b e e f x ive e h d
s an r s o s ar e c ssar c au s o e t en s r s e ar c an

ne w di ve i e T h Cs co r d S ulent S ie y f A me i ep in ed
s. e ac t u s an u cc oc t o r ca r r t

Th C e in 937
ac t a c e ae 1 .

C ARL S N R AYM ND T h Fl w i g C
O , O 6
9 pp .
5 p h ge p h 8 i
o er n ac t u s . .
, 11 ot o ra s, 1 n

b i lli nt l M G w Hill B k C I 95 4 Th i i h m l fl
'

r a c o or . c ra -
oo o .
,
nc . 1 . s s t e o s t co o r u

b k oo i p bl i h e d
o n c ac t d e T h p h g ph we e f i h d by R C
u s to at . e ot o ra s r u rn s e . .

an d C l i e Mey e P a r r wh h ve h en h m r di g e f m
r oc t o , o a c os t e os t ou t s t an n on s ro

t h ei file T h P
r s. ly p h ph g ph b
e r oc t o r s , n o t o n h i i t o n ot c ot o ra ers u t au t or t e s o n

c ac t u s pl l ppl ied h h i l d G g M Av y di d h
an t s , a s o s u t e t ec n ca at a . e or e . e t e ex

ce ll ke h e wh i h wi ll h lp h e d
ent s tc s nd nd h pl c d e t e r a er t o u er sta t ese an t s , an

R ym d C l ed i ed h e ire n e T h i b k will b e h i h ed
a on a r so n t t e nt co t nt s . s oo c er s

f or i be ts if lly imp e ive l r p i tures

au t u r ss co o c .
BI B LIOGRAPHY 3 1 1

C RA I G R ER T T T h M m m i ll i H d b k 39 pp 3 7 h l f
,
OB . e a Abb ey ar a an oo . 0 .
, 0 a t on es .

G d ar P en P den 94 5 T h M m m i ll i
r es s , a sa i f h C
a. 1 e . e a ar a s e c t on o t e ac t a c ea

h asi d m e lle
nt er est e h y h e
or g I co h i m ctors t
g p h h an an ot r enu s . n t s ono ra , t e

au t h b i g p d e ll h v i l ble i f m i
or r n s u -
t o — at hi v y i a t e a a a n or at o n on t s er nt er

i g g
est n p f pl n T h m in b dy f h b k
r ou o a ts .i n d e i le d d e e a o o t e oo c on ta s ta

scr ip i f
t ons 3 8 p e i e oT w n y i g2h h e p es ie c p s.p e d d e t -
e t ot r s c s ar e ro os an

an ot h h d ed b iefly de i bed A i e d ge e l ike D li h h l

er un r ar e r scr . s s oc a t n ra, o c ot e e

an d B h ll ar t s c l i l ded e a , a r e a so nc u .

D AY , HARRY A Fl w f h D . 6 8 pp 4 pl e Me h en 8 C
o er s o t L d
e e s er t . 1 .
, at s . t u : o. , t .
,

L d n 938 T h i i
on o . 1 m ll b k ell ing i
. i m pl e l g ge h w
s s a s ga oo ,
t n s an ua o to o

ab h l iv i n f i d h he
ou t t e cu t at o l Th
o h c ac th an t e ot r s u cc u e n t s . e au t or as

as s em bl d h v i e g ene t d e p ie i m
a r ou s e l b i l l i n
r a an s ec s n or or e ss ot a n c a r e at o

h ip b h e i l e d i m ple e m nne T h fi h l f f “
s u t , as e s t at s, n o os an nc o t a r . e rst a o

th b k ( 8 pp ) i d e v e d
e oo 2 i d i . em p h elp h e de
s ot t o c ac t an s an at t t to t e r a r to

g w
ro i i h
cact h p e f b i i
n t g fl l d
e i pl y o o o ta n n or a s a .

HASE LT N SC TT E C i f h A m
O ,
O 6 p p i ll
. ac t ed wi h m ny or t e at e u r . 1 0 .
,
u s t r at t a

h lf a li e d wing d
t on e s , n l pl e f ra p i Abb ey G den
s an a c o or at o 1 10 s ec es . ar

P e r P d C li f ni 938 I n h i b k h
ss, asa e n a, a h or i a .w 1 . t s oo t e au t or t r es t o ans er

th d fq i
ou s a n s o h e d l e f i d l e de v
u e st on s o n t e c ar an cu t ur o c ac t an a so n a or s

to s h w i pi o e d ex h n i
ctu r be e f lly g wn i i y
s an t t t at c ac t c an succ ss u ro n c t

ap me i m n i n b in d e
ar t nts , n eou Th ta h i h edi
ca s, e s r t es t at s, etc . e au t or s t e t or

o f h C t e J l d
ac t u s w ne f h Abb ey G rd en P e wh i h h
ou r na an o r o t e a r ss, c as a n

en vi bl ep i in h p bl i h i g field
a e r u t at o n t e u s n .

HAS E LT N S C TT E E pi ph yll m H db k p p ill

O ,
O . ed indexed Ab u an oo . 22 2 .
,
u s t r at ,
.

b ey G d P e P den 946 T h
ar en r ss , h p e asa m h gah . 1 . e au t or res nt s a os t t o r ou

an d me i l dy f h gen Ep iph yll m v i g h

t c u ou s s t u o t l h bi
e us u ,
co er n t e n at u r a a tat ,

hi y b p i e f g wing h l h y pl n v i i
s t or ,
est r ac t c s or I i g ro ea t a t s, ar e t e s , etc . t s en

e r ou sly i ll d wi h n m e u s t r at e bl k d wh i e p h t d d wi g u r ou s ac -
an -
t o t os an ra n s,

an d m ny l pl e I i h m
a c o or m pl e w k at s . h p t i l s t e os t co et or on t e ar t c u ar

su bje ct .

H I G I N S ETHE L BAI LE Y O N i C i 7 p p ill

G , . d A T D L
ur a t ve act . 1 0 .
, u s t r at e . . . e a

M e C N w Y k; 93 I l i fi i h h f ll w B i
ar o . e or 1 1 . d n c as s ca t o n t e au t or o o s r t t on a n

R e i h ei C e e B i f m e h m m
os n t r
'

ac t a c a m . he f
ts o ro an c , t e co on na e s , s n at c s o

hi yi
s t or S u h we e n m i e d
n ou r o i ve v l e
t st , in l ded i co o c u s s, e c or at a u s ar e c u n

th b k e oo .

H I GG I N S VERA T h S dy f C i 64 p p
, . e i ll Bl d f d P e L d
tu o ac t . 1 .
,
12 us . an or r ss, t .
,

L d on
933 Th i
on . m ll h db k d
1 . ib h B i s s d R e g e
a an oo e sc r es t e r t t on an os en ra

o f i gi ve h i
c ac t , m h d f s l iv i n d nt s on i imp et o s o cu t at o , an c on t a n s an o r t an t

ch p e a me l
t r on n o e n c at u r .
1 32 AC TUS GUI DE C

H UGH N D AR THU D T h C
O TO ,
R . B k 47 p p 8 i ll R Th M . e ac t u s oo . 1 .
,
1 us . e ac

mi ll n C m p ny Ne w Y k 93 T h
a o a h
, h end v ed give or . 1 0 . e au t or as ea or to a

e d ble eview f h t f mi ly A
r a a r
p
o f t p ie
e ca c u sk p 3 a .
“
c on s e ct u s o s ec s
”
ta e s u 0

p ge d l i i
a s an niq e d h elpf l m e h n ive h b i f b t
st s n a u u an u an n r t e at a t at o a ou

a t h nd pe ie h m n f
ou s a s c h d e e q i ed h m
s, t e a de i b le
ou t o s u n or s a r u r , t e ost s ra

so il m i e eq irem en h d i e h b i f g w h d l f fl w rs
, o st u r r u t s, ar n ss , a t o ro t , an c o or o o e .

L AM E Fl w i g Y
B, . C o i 5 6 p p i ller n ed w i h ph t W T ou r ac t . .
, u s t r at t 21 o os . . .

Ne l e S C L d W h i g E gl nd 943 T h i l i le b k d e l with
a t o .
, t .
,
or t n ,
n a . 1 . s tt oo a s

t h s d
e c ac t u like an len h ei g e l l e d h
c ac t u s -
es
s u c cu t s, t r en ra cu tu r ,
an t e s u cc s

t h h
e au t h h d in p d i g fl we
or as T h b kl
a i d e i gne d ro
g i v e
uc n o rs . e oo et s s to

t h e in e e e d in
os i
t r st m e e ly f w h in l e b
ca c t no t ef l r a e ts on cu t u r ,
ut a us u
“
Ref eren e C lend r wh i h c b appli ed s i y a
”
w p rti c l r ca n e a to u t ou r o n a cu a

pl nta s .

L AW S N H C B k f C i f h A m
O , . . oo C ll o 6
3 pp v er
ac t 0 or t e at e u r o e c t or . .
,
o 2 0

i ll L w n C
us . a G d en S so A i Tex
ac t u s 935 I n h
ar b d y f s, an nton o , as . 1 . t e o o

t h b k e p ge ill
oo ing ne ly w h nd ed d fi f y pe ie f i
ar e a s u s t r at ar t o u r an t s c s o c ac t

n ive f h U i d S e d Mexi F ll w i g n b i fly d ib
at o t e n te t at s a n co. o o n ar e ot e s r e e sc r

i g h
n pe ie i ll
t e s ed d n m ec s he T h b k h ld f mili i e
u s t r at an u r ou s ot rs . e oo s ou a ar z

t h m
e a wi h h diff e en yp f i
at e u r t t e r t t es o c ac t .

M NN I N G R Wh Ki d C
A ,
E G .I ? 8 pp J J A g
at in New Y rk
n a ac t u s z za t 10 . . . u u st , o .

1 94 I n
1 h i. n b t k h h
s c a r t ooh d i h e d g e d
oo e l f i
t e au t or as s ou t a r at a o sc en

t i fi inf m i
c b ut ti in h e p bl f m f m i g rt ns
or at on a o c ac t e ac c ta e or o a us n ca oo

wh i h h eld ge h er with ligh

c ar e ig
to tf h de pl n a t r u nn n ac c o u n t o t e se rt a ts

en e in h h w e ern b l I f y w n b k wi h “ ”
o ne c ou n t rs t e s ou t st c ac t u s e t . ou a t a oo t

wh i h y c i d wn w ith pl e
o u c an s e d g m ny h kle g thi
t o as u r an et a a c uc , et s on e .

A n e e i i g m ing d inf m i ve b k
nt r ta n n ,
a us , an or at oo .

MAR S HALL W TAYL R A i , . C pp 6

O 4 i ll . ti n d
r z o na s sev ’
ac t u s e s . 111 .
, u st r a o s , an

e l l ine d wi g D e B t ni l G den f A i n Ph e ix 95 A
ra ra n s . es r t o a ca ar o r zo a, o n . 1 0 .

s m ll b k d
a ibi g h
oo i ve A i e s cr i w i en i n t h i l l
e n at r zo n a c ac t r tt n n ont ec n ca an

g g ua e D i p
. i d
escr e q e d n d e n d
t o n s a re ab l e D e fi n i i f p e i fi
u at an u r sta a . t o ns o s c c

na m i v
e s ar e
g en we l l h e i p n n i i n as as t r ro u c at o .

MAR SHALL W TAYL R AND T H R M TH E N B, . C O 7 pp 6 6 O E V oc x . ac t ac e a e . 22 .

, 1

h l f ne 3 pl e
a to f b
s, h 1d i k d w i g A bb ey G d en P e
at s o rus P an n ra n s . ar r ss, asa

de 94 Thi v l me de ib e ll f h ep ble new gene

na . 1 1 . s o u d sc r s a o t e acc ta ra an

s p ie i e B i n R e m n men l w k h f m ily w ll
ec s s nc r tto os
’
s o u ta or on t e a ,
as e as

t h e h g c i an l ifi i n ne e i ed b y e en d i v i T h b k
es n c ass ca t o s c s s t at r c t sc o er es . e oo

i s of i e i m bl e v l e
n st h lle g we d de f h C e e
a a u to t e co ct or , ro r , an st u nt o t e ac t a c a .

M AT SC H AT , C E C I L E H U LS E M i Pl f Am i G d .
7 pp e x ca n a nt s or er c a n ar e ns . 2 0 .
,

i ll H gh Miffli C m p y B
u s. ou t on d N w Y k 9 35 T h n o h an ,
ost o n an e or . 1 . e au t or
1 34 ACTUS GUIDE C

W W C
A T SON , C l
.
f A m
ac t u s 4 6 p p i ll
u t ur e ed with w d ts
or at e u r s . 2 .
,
u s t r at oo cu .

L Up . G i ll L n d n
c o tt 889 Th i p
,
oi bl y i o h fi . ppl b k
1 . s oss s t e r st o u ar oo on

w i en in h Engli h l g ge W n w h e ke f h
c ac t u s r tt t e s an ua . at s o as t e c ar t a r o t e

l rgea lle i h ed i Kew G de in Engl nd d h e ef e

c ac t u s c o c t on ou s n ar ns a , an t r or

ld w i e wi h h i y T h de ip i n f h pl n s
co u r t t au t or t . i m pl e d e s cr t o s o t e a t ar e s an

com pl e e d h
t ,
l l d ire i n mple M ny f h me l i ed in
an t e cu tu r a ct o s a . a o t e na s st

h b k
t e oo b le e w
ar e o so t no .

W E RD E RM AN N ,D E B il d I
R . C l m . C i
r az
pp 8 9ani ll ts o u n ar ac t . 1 22 .
, u st r a

i n m p A bb ey G den P e P d en 94 T h i b k igin lly

t o s, 1 a . ar r ss, asa a . 1 2 . s oo , or a

p bl i
u h e d in
s G e m n in 9 33 w r r n l a e d in E g l i h
1 b y R b er W,
as t a s at to n s o t .

Kelly I t give inte e ing

. s an f h h
r st tri p h gh h li l e ac c ou n t o t e au t or s
’
t r ou t e tt

k w d e ert wi lderne f e e n B il De i p i n f h inh b i nts

no n s ss o as t r r az . sc r t o s o t e a ta ,

a keen en e f h m s s d h d et i le d ge g ph i l
o u or an n m ke h ist e a o ra ca ac c o u ts a t

b k w h re d ing T h l
oo o rt 3
a 6 p g e p.y ke y e h l mn
as t ti a s oc c u s to t e co u ar c ac

w i h m p yi g de ip i ns d
t ac c o an n le r d b sed pl n h e
s cr t o an ar e c a an a on a t c ar ac t r

i i wh erever p ib le
s t cs os s .
IN D E !
l ac type indicates illustrati ns
Bo df e o .

A can th o c er eu s , g e nu s , 30, 38 J
Bad i an u s , u ann e s , 3 1
A ca n t h oc e r e u s c ol o m b i a n a s , 39 B G
ai t f o r ppr a ss h o er s , 8 1

fl o r i d a n u s 39 f orM ll p di i e s , 82
B b dw
,

occi d e n t al i s 39 ar e i r e C ac t u s , 39
B l p
-
,

Pi t aiaya 39 ar r e C a c t u s g r o u , 1 1, 12

Al
,

g ae , 84 Bar t s c h e lla , 29
A S y
m a t e u r C ac t u s oc i e t o f C h e s t er , By
a n e s , Mr A , 127
B G d
. .

A n c i s t r o c ac t u s , 29 e ah m , Mr s er tr u e W , 54

B v T l
. .

A n t Po i s o n , 80 ea e r ai C ac t u s , 97
A n ts , 79 B k M S ph i 9
ec er , rs o a,

Ap d
.

h i s , 73, 76, 78 Bi g h m i
n a30 44 a,

Ap Bi d
,

or o c ac t u s , 67, 110 r Pi
n es t hi 21 nc u s on ,

A l
r e o e , 2, 3 Bi h p C p C
s o 12 a ac t u s ,

A p
r i o c ar u s , 6 7, 110 B l k L f 40 77
ac ea

B l k R 83
,

Ar i o car p u s fiss u r a t us 11, 12, 97 ac ot ,

B l k Sp 84
,

Kot s c h o u b e ya n us 97 ac ot ,

B k 32
,

t r i g o n u s 97 oc

A v Fl B M l 71
, ,

r i z o n a C ac t u s an d
N ati e or a one ea

B i g Gl v C
,

c i e t y, 120 ox n 9 o e ac t u s ,

A l d
r s e n a t e o f e a , 73 B dl y Ri h d 32
ra e c ar

B i C t 13
, ,

A r t h o c e r e u s , 30, 45 ra n ac u s ,

As t r o p h yt u m , 6 7 B itt
r d R
on an 4 o se ,

A s t r op h yt u m as t e r i as l l , 12, 97
, B dl f C t
r oa ea ac u s , 5 3

myr i os t i g ma l l , 12, 97
, Br o w n i n g i a , g e n u s , 30, 44
or n a t u m 12 Br o w n i n g i a c a n d e lar i s , 44
A bl B ll p p yll S y
,

z tec h e r a , 31 u e tin , E i h um o ci e t 54,

B yE
,

A z t e ki u m , 110 unn ar s C ac t u s , 8
A zt e ki u m Ri t t e r i , 12 B t t G d 95
u on ar e ns ,
1 a INDE X
C ac t ac e ae , T h e , 4 p e r u v i an u s , 32, 117
C ac t e g u s , 37 s c a n d e n s mi n or , 32

ll
C ac t i n a Pi e ts , 37 vl a id u s , 4 5 , 117

C ac t u le n t , T h e , 127 C e r e u s ly ea in ,
g Sp k 125
C ac t u s ar r an g e m e n t s , 93 , 96 C h a i n C ac t u s , 6 3
c a r e , 66 C h am ae c er e u s , 96
c u t ti n g s , 108, 109 C h a m a e c er e u s Si l ve s t r a, 10
d i s e as e s , 82 C h i apas i a Ne ls o n i i , 59
d
f e e i n g , 71 C h i c ag o C ac t us oc i e t y, 121 S
p p
f r u i t r o ag at i o n , 1 12 C h i n C ac ti , 12
f u m ig a t i o n , 75 l d
C h or an e , 80
g r a f t i n g , 11 1 , 1 1 5 l
C h o las , 3 , 8, 9
i nse c t s , 72 C h r i s t m a s C ac t u s , 5 8
l
ju ng e , 1, 2, 46 b y
C h r i s t mas e r r C ac t u s , 90
-

p
mo nog r a h s , 6 l k
C ar , Dr C h ar e s U , 31 l
v ly lw
. .

no e t co n t a i n er s , 93, 94 C a C ac t u s , 5 9
d
o u t o o r s , 6 8, 97 C lus i u s , 32
r es t p d e r i o , 70 C oc h e mi e a , 29
k y
r oc e r , 98 l
C o e , M r a n d Mr s C h ar e s , 124 l
d
. .

r oo t i n g , 103 C o lo r a o C ac t o p h iles , 121

dp p
s ee r o ag a t i o n , 101 C ol or ad oa M e s a Ver dae 122
dl ld G d
-
,

se e i n g s , 6 9, 103 C oo i g e ar e n s , 54
l
s o i s , 7 1, 105 yp
C o r h an t h a, 3 , 25
pl
t r a n s an t i n g , 71, 107 C o r yp h a n t h a b u ma m ma 19 , 27
w
,

a t e r i n g , 6 8, 107 c l a va , 26

C ac t u s B bl i e, 4 e le p h a n t i d e n s 27
l
,

C ac t u s C h r on i c e , 125 mac r o m er i s 26 , 27 ,

C ac t u s Di g e s t , 124 p a lli d a 27,

C ac t u s Pe t e , 54, 63 Pal m e r i 27
S l S y
,

C ac t u s an d u c c u en t oci e t r a m i ll os a 27
A
,

m e r i ca, 119 r e c u r va t a , 26
C ac t u s S
an d u cc u e n t l S i
oc e t y b u s t i s pi na 27
A l
ro ,

u s t r a i a, 128 R u n yo n i i 26
C ac t u s S
an d u cc u e n t l vi vi p a r a 25 ,
,

C ali f or n i a, 120 26
C ac t u s S
an d u ccu e n t l S oci e t y ag g r e g a t a

ar i z oni ca 26
,

G Bi i
r ea t r ta n , 126
,

C ac t u s danS u ccu e n t l d e s e r t i 26
M
,

lv d
N w Z l d
C ow a n ur e , Pu er i z e , 71

C a c t us
e

danS
e a an ,

uc cu en t
127
l b
C r a C ac t u s , 5 9

San A
n t o n io , 121
C r ass u las , 95
C r o i z a t , Dr Le on , 39
C ar n e g i e a g i g a n t e a 30, 45
.

lw C r yp t o c e i e u s , g e nu s , 65
,
'

C at s C a C act u s , 28
yp
’

Cr t oc e r c us A n t h o n yan us , 5 2, 65
Ca t t le ya Ski n n e r i 5 0
p l
,

C e h a o c e r e u s , g e n u s , 30, 44
C e p h al oc e r e u s s e n ili s 44 Dam p o ff , 84
-

C e r e a n ae , 30
,

d e la C r u z , M
ar t i n u s , 3 1

C e r e e ae , 6 De n d r oc e r e u s , g e n u s , 30, 45
C e r e u s , 5 , 16 , 30, 3 1, 45 De n d r o c er e u s n u di flor u s 45
v S l S
,

C e r e u s D aya mi 117 ,
D e n e r C ac t u s a n d u cc u en t o c i e ty,

e r e c t u s m a xi mu s 32
, 123
ja mac a r u 117, D es e r t ar i u ms , 85 , 8 7
1 38 INDE X
B li 55 ss, Dr H oug h t on, 56

B l h 56 R d
.

us Dr vo n o e er , 5 5
B l h O D w 56
.
,

Dr W e r de r mann , 5 7
’
us a n,

B h mi
.

57 Dr ag o n s E ye , 5 6
’
o e e nn e ,

B i B 57
onn e r ae , Du c h e s s o f W d i n so r , 5 7
B hm
ra 55 a, k
D u e of W d i n sor , 57
B i d l V i l 54
r a e E as t e r n M or n , 54

B i lli t 56 Eb
,

r an o ni t e , 5 6

B
,

N h
u en o s 57 oc es , E d ah , 5 6
B t t p 54
u er c u Ed e n , 54

C b h El k
,

a oc 56 on , e an or a Pr o ch as a, 5 7

C l if
a i B
or n a ty 5 5 e au E le es a, 5 7
ll S d El
,

C am i o c h n ei er , 5 5 f e, 54
bl
C an t a i e , 5 7 E lM o n t e , 56

C ar m e n , 5 6 Elk h ar t , 57
C ar n at i o n , 57 E l R e y, 5 4
w l
C ar t h e e , 5 6 E ld
mer a I s le , 5 4
d
C ass an r a, 5 5 E mp e r a t r i c e , 5 6
C as t nor i , 5 4 E n c h an t r ess , 5 5

ly
C a t t e a, 5 6 E bl
n se m e, 57

k
C e a, 5 6 E r e b e lla, 5 6
l
C e e s ti n e , 5 7 E br e u s , 56

C h am ag n e , 54p Ek s i mo , 5 4

l
C h ar es L ar i n , 5 4 k E ll
s t r e i t a, 54

C h ar m , 5 7 E t i n s o lat e , 5 6
d ll
C i n e r e a, 5 7 E lt oi e d e C o n t ic h e , 56
dy
C in , 57 E u p h r o si n e , 5 7
C i t r in e , 5 4 E ve , 55
l b ll
C ar a e a, 57 F y
ai r Qu e en , 57
l
C e on e , 5 5 Fas an , 5 6

Ep p yll
i h u m C o n cor , 57 d Fdl
e a a, 5 5

C o o p er i i , 5 4 F d d S ll
e r i n an c h mo , 5 4

E ll
C ou n t es s s t e e D oh e n y Fi es t a , 5 5
y l
C r s ta C up , 54
,

Flamen c o , 5 5
C u p of G ld o , 55
Ep p yll Fl
i h um ami n g o, 5 5

C u r t Bac ke b e r g , 55 Fl o r d e l S0 1, 5 5

D an t e , 5 5 Fl u ff , 5 6

k p
Dar D a h n e , 5 7 F r an c h es ki , 5 6
Dar kV y
i c t or , 56 Fr an c i sco , 5 4

ll
D ar r e , 55 Fr an co i s Ve r h ae r t , 5 6

w
Da n , 5 7 F H M W
r au e g e n er , 5 7

Sp F M
. .

D ay i n r ing, 57 r au ar th a Si e p ke , 5 7

l
De h i , 5 7 F S k
r au t an a St o z i er , 5 7
l
De ic i o s a, 57 F S ll
r au vo n c h i e r , 54

De n i s K
u ce r a 5 5 F d B d k
r ei r i ch oe e c e r , 55

G ld F d W B l
,

D ese r t o 54 r ie r i ch e r n er eu , 56

S F dW
,

De s e r t u n r i s e , 55 r i en eg e n e r , 5 6

D eu ts c h e K a i se r i n 57 F l
r u h i n g , 56

l d Gb l H
.

De u t s c h a n , 5 4 a r ie s or n , 55
’

d
D i amo n L i l, 5 4 G amu t , 56

Do mi n i o n , 5 6 G d
ar e n i a , 5 4

v
Do e of Pe ace , 54 G ar n e t , 5 6
INDE X I 39
G m i 56
er an a , d
L o e s t ar , 5 5
G d W B hm 57
er t ru e ea L on d o n ii , 5 4
Gh 5 4 A l
.
,

os t , L os n g e es Lu ci t e , 5 4
G i E mp 5 7
an t r e ss , Lu c i t e , 5 4
Gl i 55 or a , Lu n a , 5 4
G ld S 54
o t ar , y
L r a, 5 4
G ld E mbl m 5 5
o en e Md a am C h i a n g Kai h ek, 54
-
S
G ld Gl m 55 Md
,

o en ea a o n n a, 5 4

G M i 57 M l
,

r ac e ar e , ag n o i a, 5 4

G h S d 54
r etc en teu te, M amm o t h M
oon , 5 4

G G 54
r e t na r ee n , M vau e tt e , 5 7

Gyp y Gi l 56s r M axw e llt o n , 5 7

H l 54 M d
,

a o, e r m ai , 5 7

H m y 57
ar on Mk d
i a o , 56
H vi l d 5 7 M lky
,

a an i Way, 54
H w i i 55 M
,

a a i n u e t , 57
H M Bv ly
,

D i 56 i ss e er , 5 5
’
ear t s es r e ,

H v S ea e n 54 ce n t , M Miss ar g ar e t T
r u man , 5 7

H li h 54
e an t us, M i s s N an c y B ll
e , 56

H m er 56 os u s , M Si ss an t a M
o n i ca , 5 5

H llyd l 57
o a e, M l
i s t y Is e , 57
I d Gl y 5 4
ce or M voja e , 56

I i l 54 M l
,

c c e, oo n i g h t , 5 4

I mp 5 6 Moo n lov e , 54
S mm 55 B T
,

I din an u er , Mr s . ess ru man , 57

I f 56
n er n o , M t L o f t y, 5 4
Gl w 56 M l
.

I nner o ur i e , 5 7

Iv y 5 4
,

or N an e t t e , 5 7
Iv y Q v
,

or 54 u een , N a ajo , 5 5
J 56an e t , ll
Ne i e C an t e , 55 w ll
J q C
ac u es 57 o u r an t , Ne o n , 5 7
J kien ii 56 n so n Ne w Y or , 5 5 k
J i h 56
,

er c o, Ni ag ar a, 5 4
J b l 56
e ze e Nilm ah , 5 7
J lib i 56 d
,

o o s, No m a , 5 6
J ph d L 5 7
ose e ae t , Nor m an i e , 5 7d
J l S h l mb g 56
u es c u er er , Ob M
er s t P Ku h nr i ch , 55
O y p
. .

K d i 55
a o l a, r an g e N m h , 5 5

p p y m K i
Ii
i h ll i I mpu a s er n or t , O dB
r ch i e au t y, 5 7

K i k 56
a tr n a, O dS w
r ch i h o er , 5 7
K y Di d 5 4
at -
O dSp
r ch i u r em e , 5 7
Ki m O
,

s 56 et, tt o Si e p ke , 5 6
L ackn e r i 5 5 d
Pa r e , 57
dy Ed Ep p yll d
,

La n a, 57 i h u m P a u a, 5 4
La dy G d vo i a, 5 7 d
Pan o r a 5 7
dy p M
,

La I r e ne , 5 7 Pa er oo n , 54

L ar se n i 5 4 Par ac u t i n , 5 5
d
,

L ato n i a, 5 7 P ar a i s e , 5 7
Le o n o t i s , 5 5 d
Par a i s e Qu e e n , 57
l
Li a , 5 7 ll
Pa s t e o , 5 7
l T
Li ac i me , 5 7 Pau al K bl n e e , 56

v
L i i ngs t on , 55 p
Paul d e L o n g r e , 5 4
1 40 INDE X
’
'

Pe ace , 54 Silv M 55
er oo n ,

Pe g as u s , 5 6 Si k 55
t a,
Per s i a, 5 7 S l py H ll w 56
ee o o

S w D p 55
,

Ph an t om , 5 4 no ro

b S h l d 55
,

Ph oe e , 5 5 ou t an
p Sp i 5 5
,

Ph os h o r , 5 5 ec os a,

k y p
Pi n N m h , 5 7 S pi d Q 5 5
er u e en ,

Pi r at e G ld o , 55 Sp i g i m 5 7
r n t e,

Po i n se t t i a , 5 6 S f B h l h m 55
t ar o et e e

Po ar l B ear , 5 5 S D 55
tar ust,

d ly
Po n L i , 55 S ll L
t ar 57
a ee,

Pr es F R D o os e e t , 5 5 vl S ll 55
te e tt e ,
d B ll S E l 56
. . .

Pr i e of e , 57 t er n v o n r au ,

Pri e o f d V e n t u r a , 55 S un B m 55 ea

Gl w 5 5
,

Pr in c es s Pat , 5 7 S un o

Eb G dd 55
,

Pr of e r t , 5 2, 5 7 S un o es s ,

S i 55
.

Pr o f u s i o n , 56 unr se ,
pl l
Pu r e De i g h t , 5 7 S q h
us ue 55 an n a ,

Pu r e pl Fl am e , 5 6 Sw B i 5 7
eet r ar ,

Q u e e n a tKh e r i ne , 5 7 T h 57
a oe ,

R e d Le t t e r , 56 T g i 55
an er n e ,

Re d W
i ng , 56 T gi 55
an er s ,

Re g i n a d e l C h i ar o , 55 T t l 56
ar an u a ,

Rpe e r t o i r e , 56 Th m S g 55
e e on

R d
,

i c h ar D i e n e r , 5 5 T h o r in n e , 5 6
Ri t 56
o T h u n er d B d i r , 56
R m 57 T d l d
,

o eo, h u n er C o u , 56
R li 57
os a e, T y
i ff an , 56
R B l h 57
os e us T i t i an , 5 5
R M i R tt 57 Tp
,

os e ar e o se a, o az , 5 5

R f M t
os e o y 57 o n er r e Tp y T vy
o s -
ur , 55

R T y 57 Tw d
,

os e ou r ne o h ea , 55
R S t ll t 57 T v l
,

os e a e a a, r an s a a , 5 7

R tt 57
os e a, T r e as u r e C h es t , 56

R tt k p h
o a 56 c en , T p
r i u m h , 55

R y l R b 57
o a o e, T p
r i u m h e d e E n t wer d ,

R g 56
u os a , T d
r o c a er o , 5 5

San A t i 55 n on o , Tlp
u i , 56

San B di 55
e r n ar no, T u lu lo sa, 5 5
San J ac i n t o , 55 l
U n c e Sam , 57
S F
an t a e, 55 Vla e n c i a, 5 5

S E H l 56
co t t as e t o n , V es u v i u s , 5 7

S i 56 V R
.

e n or t a, i ve ou g e , 5 6

S p mb M 57
e te er or n , Vvi i an a , 56
S q i 55
e u o a, W lka u r e , 57

S id d 55
er en a War r i er , 5 6
S v U p 55 W l
,

e en es t f a e n , 55

Epiph yll m S h lim 55 W lwy

,

u a ar , h i r a a , 57
Sh 55as t a , W F y
h i te air , 55
Sh m E B hm 57
er an ea Fl
Wh i t e ame , 5 5
Sh w G i l 5 7 W
.
,

o r h i t e Lo t u s , 5 5
Si gf i d 56 M
,

e r e ,
Whi t e oon , 55
1 42 I NDE X
v R k
Li i n g oc C ac t u , 12 s Par ki n s omz, 21
L o b e li u s , 32 p l u m o s a 21 ,

L ob i v i as , 10 Pr i n g le i 24 ,

L o b i vi a a u r e a 10 , p r oli fe r a 24, 96 ,

f a m a t i m e n s i s 10 , pyg maea 22 ,

h u a s c h a 10 Ma mmilla r i a r h oda nt lza , 24

b
,

Lo s t er C ac t u s , 5 8 Sc lzi e d e a n a 21
d lb
,

Lo n o n C ac t u s C u , 127 s e mp er z /i vi 18, 19
B lb
,

Lo n g e ac h C ac t u s C u , 124 s p i n os i m ma 24
'

L op h ocer e u s , g e n u s , 30, 43 t e t r ac a n t /za 23

p p
,

Lo h o h o r a , 110 u n c i n a t a 18 ,

L op h op h or a Wi lli a ms u 1 1, 12, 97 Wr i g h t i i 19
A l S l
, ,

L os n g e e s C ac t u s a n d u c c u e n t So zep/ zyr a n t b a i d e s 22 ,

c i e t y, 124 Mami llo p s i s , g e n u s , 29

Ma mzll ops i s s e ni h k 29
'

M lyb
,

MacD o u g all T o m 49 5 0 6 0 64 , , , , , ea u g s , 73, 74 , 75

Malac oc ar p u s 13 Me d io c ac t u s , g e n u s , 30, 42
M ll l
,

ammi 15
ar i a c u t u r e , Me d i oc ac t u s c oc ci n e u s 42
M mm i ll Ml
,

a ar i a , 2, 14 , 90 e o cac t u s , 6 7

Ma m m i lla r i a ap pla n at a , 20 M e locac t u s i n t or t u s 14 ,

Blos s fe ld i a n a 22 mat a n z a n u s l l
M dw S l
, ,

b ocas a na 15 , 23 , i e s t C a c t u s an d u c cu en t

b omb yci n a 22 125

M ll lp
,

ca mp t ot r i c h a 21 i e r , Ph i i , 31, 32
M ll p d
,

c a r n e a 18 i i e s , 82
M B lG d
,

c h i o n o c e p h a la 20 i ss o u r i o t a n i ca ar e n , 38,
M l
,

C olli n s ii 18 i s t e t o e C ac t u s , 6 1, 114
T
,

c o m p r es s a 15 , 17 ,
M o n m o n i e r , Mr s h er e s a , 54 .

Ma m m i lla r i a c o n fu s e , 17 M on vi lle a , g e n us , 30, 4 1

di oi ca 22 ,
Mo n vi llea C a ve n di s h ii , 4 1
e c h i n a r i a 24 l a u t e r b ac izi i 3 5 , 4 2
M R d
, ,

e le g a ns 25 or an , D r ei , 5 8

M Gl y
.
,

s u p e r t e xt a 25 ,
or n i n g or C ac t u s , 60
e l o n g a t a 21, 24 , 96

l S l
,

f g
r a i l i s 96 , Nati o n a C ac t us an d u ccu e n t
g e m i n i s p i n a 20 ,
127
Gu e lz o wi a n a 23 ,
Ne ob e ss e ya, 25 , 29
Ha h n i a na 20 Ne ob e s s e ya mi ss ou n e ns is 29, 124 a
'

, ,

h e mi s p h a e r i c a 20 ,
s i mili s 29
,

He yd e r i 20 ,
Ne oe van s i a , 30
h i d alg e n s i s 23 ,
Neog o m e s i a , 3
Ka r wi n s ki a na 18 ,
Ne o llo yd i a, g e n u s , 29
las i ac a n t h a 21 Ne olloyd i a t e xe mi s 29
M S l
, ,

d e n u da t a 22 ,
Ne w e xi c o C ac t u s an d u ccu en t St y .

lon g i fl or a 102 ,
ci e t y, 125

mag n i ma m ma , 17 Ni co t i n e , 73, 77
mi cr oca r pa 23 bl
Nig h t oo m i n g C e r e u s , 29, 32, 45
pp ll
-
,

m u lt i ce ps 24 , N i e r , Mr s E a, 120 .

mys t ax 18 ,
Nopal xoc h i a A c ke r ma n mz 60 ,

C o n z at t za n u m 60
'

n e ja p e n s i s 18 , ,

n i v os a 20 , p /zylla n t /zoi d es 6 0 ,

Or t i z R u b i a n a 24
-
, No t oc ac t u s , g en us , 13
INDE X
Not ocac t us L e ni n g h au m 13 d R
Po i n ex t er , Dr W , 53
vlyC B
. . .
,

No e t 9 3 , 94
on t a i n e r s , Po i so n ai t , 80, 8 1
Nyc t oc er e u s , g e n u s , 30, 4 2 Po wd e r Pu f f C ac t u s , 23

Nyc t oc er eus s er p e n t i n us 42 , Po wd der e l C h ar c o a , 84

Por fi r i a, 29
Ob r e g oma D e n e g r i 12
'

kly
Pr i c Pe ar s , 3 , 8, 76 , 90
Ok S l S p by
,

lah oma C ac t u s an d u cc u en t o c i e ty, Pr o ag a t i on cu tt i n g s , 108, 109

125 by g r a f t i n g 1 11 11 5
Old dy by
, ,

La C ac tu s , 20 o ff s e t s , 108

Old Man C ac t u s , 44 by ds e e , 100, 101, 103

Op b
un ti a t r i e , 5 , 8, 77, 90, 1 12 Ps e u d o r h i p s ali s , g e n u s , 6 4
Op u n t i a b a ci la r i s 97 , Ps e u d or h i ps ali : m ac r a n t /za , 5 2, 64
b r aa li e n s i s 8
'

Ri bwC
,

a n o ac t u s , 9
R e b u ti as , 10, 96
Op u n t i a f u l gi da 9 Re d Sp d
i er , 78
R
,

g lo mer at a 9 es ti n g ca c t u s , 70

l
,

i na moe n a 97 , oc a t i o n s , 7 1

le p t oca uli s 90 , Rhi p s ali d an ae , 47, 6 1

mac r ar t h a 97 , R h i ps al i s capi lli f or mi s , 5 2, 62
cas s u t h a 62 ,

m o nac a n t /za 8 , c e r e u r c u la 6 2 ,

cr i b r a t a 6 2 ,

s t r ob zli or mi s ,
f Rh i p s ali s a i s pata 64
'

9 ,

s ub u l a t e , 117 d i m m i li s 6 2
'

g i b b e r u la 6 2 ,

g r a n d i flo r a 62, 63 ,

ve s t i t a , 9 h e t e r oclad a 6 2 ,

H o u lle t i a n a 6 4 ,

Op u n t i eae , 4 L i n d b er g i a n a 62
O d
,

r ch i C ac ti , 46 , 5 3 l u m b r i c oi d e s 6 2
Ov d
,

ie o, 3 1 m e g al a n t h a 62, 63 ,

m es e m b r ya n t h e moi de s , 64
Par i s gr een , 73 Ne ve r A r mo n d zi 62, 6 3
’

d
-
,

Par o i as , 13 p ar a d oxa 6 3 ,

Peanu t C a c t us , 10, 114 p e n ta p t er a 6 3 ,

Pele cyp h or a, 29 p u m c e o d i s c us , 6 2
’

Pe ni oc er e u s , g e n u s , 30, 33 Sh afer i 6 2 ,

Pe ni oc er e us F a s t e r i an us , 33 t e r er 6 2 ,

Gr e gg i z 33, 3 5
'

, t r i g o na , 63
Mac D o u g al lzi 33
'

vi r g a t a , 62
k R M H M
,

Per es i a, 3 , 4, 5 , 7, 6 7, 78 oan , r 127

R dg I h E
. .
,
.

Per e s ki a ac ul e a t a , 7 o er s , o n C , 125
'

R tL
. .

c or r u g a ta 8 oo 75 ou s e ,

R tRt dC l
,

sach ar os a 8 , oo o an on t r o 83
,
Per es ki eae , 4 R ot Di s eas e , 83
y
Pe o t e , 12
d lp
Ph ila e hi a C act us an d u ccu l en S t So Sga 45
u ar o ,
ci e t y, 125 S g l d B ll i
a u ar o an 120 et n,
l
u
Pi oc er e us , g e n u s , 30, 44 S d D ll C
an 12 o ar ac t u s ,
3
i n cu s h i on C ac ti , 90 S S l S i y
ar a s o t a u c cu e n t oc e t 126
l
P an t ae Se le c t ae 32 , S l I
ca e 73 76 77 n se c t s , , ,
,
I 44 INDE X
S h l mb
c u 4 8, 59, 67, 97
e r g e r a, T ab e r n aemo n t an u s , 32
Sc h l u m b e r g e r a Br i d g e a i 5 8 T e o n o c h t li , 3 1
'

Ga er t n e r i 5 2 , T h e lo c ac t u s , g e n u s , 28
Sc le r oc ac t u s , 67 T b e l ocac t ur b i c olor 19 , 28
S d l
,

ee De a er s , 108 u n c i n a t u s 28

Sl T p
,

e e n i cer e u s , 30, 37, 6 7, 94 , 110 h r i s , 74 , 79

Sele n i c er e u s Boc c kma n m i , 38
'

T b
o ac c o D u s t , 82

c o n i flor u s 37, 38 T om T b
h u m c ac t i , 10
T l
,

D o n /( e laa r i 38 o t e m Po e C ac t u s , 43

T l
,

g r a n d i flor u s 32, 37, 38 o xi C h o r , 80

pl
-

T
,

h o n d u r e m i s 38 r an s a n t i n g , 71

dl
,

Mac d o n al a i ae 38
'
s ee i n g s , 106
T w p
,

t n t lmr 3 7 38 117 C h r i s t o h er , 32
p er a , , , re ,

va g a m 38 T r i c h o c e r e u s , 16 , 30, 43
'

Se m es an , 84 T r i c k o c er e u r Sp ac lzzan us 43
'

S p T k
,

e r e n t C a c t u s , 42 s C a p C a c t u s , 14
’
ur
S w G d
ha s
’
ar e n , 26

Sh u r ly, Mr E , 16 , 126 V lv C
e et ac t u s , 8
S lv b ll
. .

i e r a cac t i , 12
S l
i m o n , C h ar e s , 53 W di C 86
S k
ar an as es ,
n a e C ac t u s , 42 W i g
a t er n cac t u s , 68, 71
S lM
oi ix t u r e , 71 v ly
no e t c o n t ai n e r s , 95
So li s i a , 29
S w G w
d
r oo t e c u t t i n g s , 111
ou t h

S wb
o
es t C ac t u s

u g s , 81
ro e r s , 124
dli g
s ee n s , 106 , 107

t e r r ar i u m s , 88
Sp kar m an , Mr W G , 126
We b e r o c e r e u s , g e n u s , 30, 42
Sp
. . .

Sp
i n e , T h e , 128
u r g es , 1
W e g e n er , M r . H
M , 53 . .

W e r c kle oc e r e u s , g en u s , 30, 43
St ar C ac t u s , 12
W k
S l l
t e e e , Mr s C ar i o n , 5 3 .
h i s er C a c t u s , 43
W k
i c li ff , M r s V
i r gi n i a, 123
St e t s o n i a , 30, 45
.

Adv
St i r p i u m v e r s ar i a No a, 32
W ilm a t t e a , g e n u s , 30, 43
Str o m b o cac t u s , 12 Wi l ma t t ea mi n u t i flor a 43
W
,

St r o p h oc ac t u s , 30 i n t er i n g c ac t i , 70
St r a p /zoc a c t ur Wi t t zz 43
Sl d
,

u fur u s t i n g , 83 Ze h n t n er e lla , g e n u s , 30, 44

Su n C e r e u s , 5 3 Ze / mt n e r e lla s q u a m u l o m 44
Kl y
,

Syn o r , 80 Z g o cac t u s , 4 8, 5 8, 67, 97

Sy p d
-

r u , Po i s o n e , 29 Zyg oc ac t u s t r u n c a t us ;5 2, 58