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Chapter 1

Problem and its setting

Introduction

Republic Act 10121 also known as “Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction

and Management Act of 2010”, is an act that strengthens the Philippine Disaster

Risk Reduction and Management System, providing for The National Disaster

Risk Reduction and Management Framework and Institutionalizing the National

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management plan appropriating funds Therefore

and for other purposes.

ThePhilippine country is no longer a stranger to natural disasters, as it is

surrounded by bodies of water, and is located along the Pacific Ocean’s “Ring of

Fire.” From typhoons, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, Philippines

had experienced it, the Philippines; tropical cyclones (typhoons) are

called “bagyo”. Tropical cyclones entering the Philippine Area of

Responsibility were given a local name by the Philippine Atmospheric,

Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), which also

raised public storm signal warnings as deemed necessary. Around 19 tropical

cyclones or storms which entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility in a

typical year and of these usually 6 to 9 make landfalls.

The deadliest overall tropical cyclone to impact the Philippines was

believed to have been the September 1881 typhoon.This was estimated to have

killed up to 20,000 people as it passed over the country in September 1881. In

modern meteorological records, the deadliest storm was Typhoon Haiyanor also
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known as BagyongYolanda, which became the strongest landfalling tropical

cyclone ever recorded as it crossed the Central Philippines on November 7-8,

2013. The wettest known tropical cyclone to impact the archipelago was the July

14–18, 1911 cyclone which dropped over 2,210 millimeters (87 in) of rainfall

within a 3-day, 15-hour period in Baguio City. Tropical cyclones usually account

for at least 30 percent of the annual rainfall in the northern Philippines while

being responsible for less than 10 percent of the annual rainfall in the southern

islands.

The Philippines is the most-exposed large country in the world to tropical

cyclones, and it has even affected settlement patterns in the northern islands; for

example, the eastern coast of Luzon is very spar.

The damage caused by disasters was immeasurable and varies with the

geographical location, Building structure, climate and the type of the earth

surface or degree of vulnerability. This influences the mental, socio-economic,

political and cultural state of the affected area. Generally, disaster can affect

ournormal day to day life. It negatively influences the emergency systems and

the Normal needs and processes like flood, shelter, health, etc. are affected and

deteriorate depending on the intensity and severity of the disaster.

Disaster may happen in anytime and anywhere, the only thing that we can

do to prevent the taking of life and loss of property is to be prepared to ensure

our safety in any kind of disaster that may arise.

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Setting of the Study

The setting of the study was focused at Taguig City University Campus,

General Santos Ave. Central Bicutan, Taguig City.

Taguig (Tagalog pronunciation: [taˈɡiɡ]), officially the City of

Taguig (Filipino: LungsodngTaguig), is a highly urbanized city located in south-

eastern portion of Metro Manila in the Philippines. From a thriving fishing

community along the shores of Laguna de Bay, it is now an important residential,

commercial and industrial center. The recent construction of the C-5 highway and

the acquisition of the Fort Bonifacio Development area have paved the way for

the cityhood of the municipality. It will also be accessed by the future C-6 Road.

Taguig City lies on the Western shore of Laguna de Bay and is bordered

by Muntinlupa City to the South, Parañaqueto the Southwest, Pasay to the

West, Cainta and Taytay on the northeast and Makati, Pateros, and Pasig to the

north. Taguig River, a tributary of the Pasig River cuts through the northern half

of the municipality and Napindan River, also a tributary of the Pasig forms the

common border of Taguig with Pasig City.

The original 800 farmer-fishermen settlers of the area were good at

threshing rice after harvest. Hence they were referred to as "mgataga-giik," and

the settlement as "pookngmgataga-giik." Spanish friar Fray Alonso de Alvarado,

together with conquistador Rey Lopez de Villalobos who crossed Pasig River to

reach Taguig in 1571 found "taga-giik" difficult to pronounce, and could only

produce the word sounding like "tagui-ig." So many mispronouncements later,

"tagui-ig" was shortened to the present day "Taguig.

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Before the Spaniards came, Taguig was a part of the Kingdom of

Tondo ruled by Rajah Soliman. There were also accounts

that Chinese settlements were once present in the area as revealed by the

recent archeological diggings of various artifacts like cups, plates and other

utensils, which bear Chinese characters. This was believed to have originated

from China's Ming dynasty.

Taguig was one of the earliest known territories to have been

Christianized when the Spaniards succeeded in subjugating mainland Luzon

through the Legazpi expedition in 1571. Between the years 1582 and 1583,

Taguig was part of the encomienda of Tondo headed by an Alcalde Mayor,

Captain Vergara. It was in 1587 when Taguig was established as a separate

"pueblo" (town) of the then province of Manila. Captain Juan Basi was its Kapitan

from 1587 to 1588. According to records, Taguig had nine (9) barrios then

namely, Bagumbayan, Bambang, Hagonoy, Palingon, Sta. Ana, Tipas, Tuktukan,

Ususan, and Wawa. Records show that Tipas had once petitioned to become an

independent town but was denied by the Spanish government.

During that time, Taguig was accessible via Pasig River, which was

connected to two large bodies of water, the Manila Bay and Laguna de Bay. The

population then was estimated to be 800 tributes. The town produced more than

enough rice for consumption but had less sugar cane to mill. The men lived

through fishing while women wove cotton cloth and "sawali" from bamboo strips.

The people of Taguig were known to have resisted both Spanish and

American colonial rule. During that early period of Spanish colonization Don Juan
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Basi, "Kapitan" of Taguig from 1587 to 1588, took part in the Tondo Conspiracy,

an attempt to overthrow the Spanish government which failed. Basiwas exiled for

two years as punishment. When the Katipunan was on its early years, many from

Taguig became followers and later joined the uprising. The people of Taguig also

joined the revolutionary government of General Emilio Aguinaldo on August 6,

1898.

During the American occupation, they struggled against the forces of

General Wheaton under the command of General PiodelPilar. It was recorded

that on February 6, 1898, Filipino forces including Taguig "revolutionarios"

dislodged an American position in the hills of Taguig, now a portion

of Pateros and Fort Bonifacio. They were defeated eventually by the Americans

with superiority in the armaments and training. Taguig finally fell to the contingent

of the First Washington Volunteer Infantry led by Col. Wholly.

The defeat of the Filipinos after two years of struggle against the American

forces subsequently subjected the Philippines to another system of governance.

On August 14, 1898, United States occupied the islands and established a

military government with General Wesley Meritt as the First Military Governor. He

exercised legislative powers until September 1, 1900.

At the start of American occupation, Taguig was proclaimed as an

independent municipality with the promulgation of General Order No. 4 on March

29, 1900. The town was subsequently incorporated to the newly created province

of Rizal when the Philippine Commission promulgated Act. No. 137 on June 11,

1901. On October 12, 1903, Taguig, Muntinlupa and Pateros were merged by the
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virtue of Act.No.942with Pateros hosting the seat of the municipal government.

The merger did not last long as a month later Muntinlupa was segregated from it

and made part of Biñan when Act. No. 1008 was enacted on November 25,

1903. However it was returned to Taguig on March 22, 1905 with the

promulgation Act. No.1308. On February 29, 1908, Taguig was again declared

an independent municipality through Executive Order No. 20. Eventually, Pateros

separated from Taguig and both became independent municipalities of Rizal

province on January 1, 1918.

It was also during the American Colonial Period that the US government

acquired a 25.78 km² property of Taguig for military purposes. This large piece of

land which had a TCT dated 1902, was turned into a camp and was then known

as Fort McKinley (named after the 25th president of U.S. President William

McKinley). When the Japanese occupied the Philippines in 1942, Fort McKinley

was taken over by the Japanese Imperial Army. They occupied the military camp

until the end of the war in 1945.

After the Philippines gained its political independence from the United

States on July 4, 1946, the US surrendered the Republic of the Philippines all

right of possession, jurisdiction, supervision and control over the Philippine

territory except the use of the military bases. On May 14, 1949, Fort William

McKinley was turned over to the Philippine government by virtue of the US

Embassy Note No. 0570.

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Fort McKinley was made the permanent headquarters of the Philippine

Army in 1957 and was subsequently renamed Fort Bonifacio after the Father of

the Philippine Revolution against Spain, Andres Bonifacio.

The town's political subdivision was changed to barangays following the

nationwide implementation of the Integrated Reorganization Plan (IRP) in the

1970s when the country was under Martial Law. The IRP has increased its

subdivisions into 18 barangays, namely, BagongTanyag, Bagumbayan,

Bambang, Calzada, Hagonoy, Ibayo-Tipas, Ligid-Tipas, Lower Bicutan,

Maharlika, Napindan, Palingon, Signal Village, Sta. Ana, Tuktukan, Upper

Bicutan, Ususan, Wawa, and Western Bicutan. In the year 2009, Taguig re-

organized and re-arranged the barangays making a total of 28, the 10 added

being Central Bicutan, Fort Bonifacio, South Daanghari, North Daanghari, San

Miguel, New Lower Bicutan, South Signal,Katuparan, North Signal, Pinagsama

and Tanyag. On November 7, 1975, Taguig was carved out from the province of

Rizal to form the National Capital Region through Presidential Decree No. 824.

Today, Taguig is still one of the seventeen (17) cities and municipalities that

make up Metro Manila.

In 1998, a bill was passed in Congress pushing for the cityhood of Taguig.

The resulting plebiscite in April showed that the citizens were against cityhood. A

recent petition to the Supreme Court sought a recount of the plebiscite and the

Supreme Court on February 19, 2004 ordered the Commission on Elections to

conduct a recount. The recount showed that the residents did want the
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municipality of Taguig to become a city (21,105 'yes' and 19,460 'no').

Subsequently, Taguig became a city on December 8, 2004.

In 2008, the Taguig City council enacted City Ordinances Nos. 24-27, 57-

61, 67-69, and 78, Series of 2008 which created ten (10) new barangays, carving

them out from the initial 18 barangays. Hence, in December 2008, after a

successful plebiscite, Taguig was politically subdivided into twenty eight (28)

barangays. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taguig)

Figure 1.Taguig City Map

Taguig City University or TCU, a Philippines Local State University

(LSU), was established through Ordinance No. 29, Series of 2004 of the

Sangguniang Bayan ngTaguig on the 6th day of September 2004 at the

Municipal Government of Taguig.

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PamantasanLungsodngTaguig (PLT), later renamed Taguig City

University (TCU) upon conversion of the Municipality of Taguig to "cityhood" on

8th of December 2004, was established through Ordinance No. 29, Series of

2004 (enacted 6th of September 2004, Municipal Government of Taguig,

authored by Councilor Aurelio Paulo R. Bartolome with Councilor MarisseBalina-

Eron and Councilor Allan Paul C. Cruz as Co-sponsors).

Motivated by the urgency of need to serve the growing youth ofTaguig

City, the Local Government Administration came up with Ordinance No. 29

Series of 2004 "An Ordinance Establishing the PamantasanngTaguig and

Appropriating Funds Thereof”. This was also one of the offshoots of the

provisions of the Local Government Code.

PamantasanngTaguig was renamed Taguig City University pursuant to

City Ordinance No.13, Series of 2009.

Building TCU was not laid on a golden platter; it has gone through various

forms of birth pangs top billed by the very basic need to have enough school

buildings. For two (2) years, despite its birthing courage, the pipe dream hardly

manifested its physical eloquence, but in S.Y.2006-2007, its realization swiftly

took off. The Organization of the University and construction of the TCU main

building commenced. Meanwhile, undergraduate classes were held in various

High Schools and Elementary campuses, all in Taguig lent to the growing

management of TCU. In 2006, General Ricardo Papa Sr. Memorial High School

offered some rooms for free. In 2007, rooms expanded to Taguig Elementary

School, Sta. Ana-District 1 and Em's Elementary School, Signal Village-District 2.

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In 2008-2009 additional undergraduate classes were held in Annex School of

General Ricardo Papa Sr. Memorial High School at Brgy. Ususan and Signal

Village Elementary School (Annex) in same place.

Lack of classrooms did not also deter the holding of Graduate School

classes. The graduate program in Master of Arts in teaching major in

Mathematics, Filipino, English and Social Sciences were lumped together as a

common major. It paved the way to the development of the Master of Arts in

Educational Management, while holding classes comfortably in a secluded and

secured room, 2nd floor of Sunshine Mall Taguig.

School Year 2009-2010 reflected the metamorphosis of youthful Taguig

City University, because in June of the aforementioned School Year, all classes

from undergraduate to graduate programs started to be held at the new main

building of TCU, then the rest became part of the history.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taguig_City_University)

Figure 2.Taguig City University

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Theoretical Framework

The disaster theory espoused by Blaike, Davis and Wisher presents two

necessary models for disaster preparedness called the Crunch and Release

Model. This model states that, only when hazards meet a vulnerable situation

does a disaster happen and people are vulnerable when they are unable to

adequately anticipate, withstand and recover from disasters. The Crunch model

explains what disaster is all about and why it happens. It also states that a

number of factors influence vulnerabilities to disaster specifically the

constructed/structural design, economic, natural, individual and social aspects.

The Release Model on the other hand, looks at how disaster can be

avoided or minimized. It stated that in order to reduce the risks of disasters, the

factors that cause risk must be addressed. It also emphasized that action may be

necessary at the local, national and even international level.

Disaster produces a range of impacts which can include deaths, injuries,

physical damage and destruction. Which were caused by the impact of the

disaster agent itself, Research has recently begun to emphasize the importance

of disaster impacts; such as fire or hazardous materials releases that are

triggered by earthquakes and environmental pollution resulting from flooding,

these kinds of occurrences can produce significant impacts and losses. And

above those caused by the disaster agent and can complicate response and

recovery efforts. A distinction can also be made between direct, impacts and

losses resulting from disasters. Those loses include “ripple effects” resulting from

disruption in the flow of goods and services, unemployment, business

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interruption and declines in levels of economic activity and productivity (Michael

K. Lindell, Kathleen J. Tierney, Ronald W. Perry)

Disasters are largely a developmental issue. The great majority of

casualties and disaster effects are suffered in developing countries. Development

achievements can be wiped out by a major disaster and economic growth

reversed. The promotion of disaster mitigation in the project and planning

activities of development protects, development achievement, assets and hence

leading the population in protecting themselves against needless injuries.

(Cabum)

Disaster preparedness and rehabilitation were one of the concerns of the

Philippine government. Hence, the National Disaster Coordinating Council was

established which is responsible for 17 Regional Disaster Coordinating Councils,

79 Provincial Disaster Coordinating Councils, 113 City Disaster Coordinating

Councils, 1496 Municipal Disaster Coordinating Councils and 41956 Barangay

Disaster Coordinating Councils. The disaster management and rehabilitation

program is integrated in the development framework in each region, including the

Bicol Region. Part of the regional development challenges includes the recovery

from the devastation caused by typhoons in 2006 by fast-tracking rehabilitation

programs/projects in social, economic and infrastructure sectors and

institutionalization of the disaster risk management initiatives and capacitating

institutions at the local level to avert further losses in social, environmental and

economic fields.
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Disaster drills.Helps to know the things that we need to done in times of

disaster, it will also help the people to familiarize the steps that they needto take

so that their response in a disaster will be automatic. Disasters are unpredictable

by nature, and this can make them difficult when it comes to preparation.

Sometimes communities get advance warning, as in the case of some disasters

caused by severe weather, while in other cases, disaster can strike in an instant

in the form of an earthquake or a severe fire. If people do not practice their

responses, they will usually not be prepared when disaster does happen; while a

disaster drill may not anticipate every potential scenario, it gives people an idea

of how to behave during a disaster.

Policy. Helpsto make guide decisions and achieve rational outcomesit is

needed to be implemented as a procedure or protocol for preventing disaster

damages in TaguigCity University,

Information Drives.Helpsto get information about disaster it is either in

the form of conducting seminars, giving leaflets, posting some guidelines about

safety and security measures or trough media like internet, T.V news and etc.

Logistics. it cover all the necessary needs of Taguig City University in

terms of disaster equipment like fire equipment, fire alarm, medical equipment,

medical vehicle and etc. it is very important to provide all the necessary goods in

order for us to be ready for the unexpected disaster that may arise in Taguig City

university.
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DISASTERS

TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

DISASTER DRILLS LOGISTICS

Figure 3.Variables of the Study

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Conceptual Framework

The foregoing concept was illustrated by the paradigm that follows using

the system approach or the Input – process – output scheme.

Block 1. Is the input which contains the variable of the study which relate

to the indicators of the profile of the respondents. The safety and security

measure of Taguig City University in Handling Disaster preparedness.

Block 2. Is the process that involves the ways and methods to produce, it

involves the determination the safety and security measures of Taguig City

University in handling disaster preparedness by using the different methods of

the study.

Block 3. Is the output, which is the outcome of input and process, It is

hoped that the objectives of determination of the preparation in the safety and

security measures of Taguig City University in handling Disaster preparedness

were supported by input and process and Taguig City University is free from any

casualties.
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Input Process Output

Safety and

Security Measures Crminal Justice

in Taguig City Development

University in Program for an

- Analysis
Handling Disaster enhanced
- Interpretation of
Preparedness data preparation of

- Questionnaire Taguig City

In terms of:
- Interview University in
- Disaster Drills

- Policy Handling Disaster

- Information drive Preparedness

- Logistics

FEEDBACK

Figure 4.Paradigm of the Study

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Statement of the Problems

The research dealt on the assessment on the safety and security

measures inTaguig City University in handling disaster preparedness, specifically

the researcher’s aims to the following problems;

1. What is the demographic profile of the group of the respondent in terms

of:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Gender;

1.3 Designation?

2. What is the level of preparationon the safety and security measures of

Taguig City University in handling Disaster preparedness in terms of:

2.1 Disaster Drills (Earthquake drills, Fire Drills, Flood Drills)

2.2 Logistics

2.3 Information drive

2.4 Policy

3. Is there any significant difference on the perception of the groups of the

respondents on the level of preparation on the safety and security measures of

Taguig City University in handling disaster preparedness?

4. What are the issues and concerns encountered in the preparationon the

safety and security measures of the Taguig City University as perceived by the

group of respondents in terms of the above-cited variables?

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5. What measures to be proposed in addressing the issues and concerns

encountered on the level of preparation on the safety and security measures of

Taguig City University in handling disaster preparedness?

6. What Criminal Justice Development Program may be proposed to

enhance the level of preparation on the safety and security measures of Taguig

City University in handling disaster preparedness?

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference on the assessment of the groups of

respondents on the level of preparation on the safety and security measures of

Taguig City University in handling disaster preparedness.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The researchers were focused their study in the following:

The Settings: The setting of the study was focused in the Taguig City

University Campus, General Santos Ave. Central Bicutan, Taguig City.

The Subject: The study was focused on the assessment in the level of

preparation of Taguig City University in handling disaster preparedness. In order

to determine some issues and concerns that must be given focus with the end of

view to formulate an inout for proactive program.

The Respondents: There was be selected four groups of respondents of

this study and these are the students of all year level regardless of their course,

Faculty members, Management and POSO personnel who are aware if the

Taguig City University is prepare for the unforeseen earthquake calamity.

The Time-Frame: The study was focused from the period of 2011 - 2014.
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Significance of the Study

The result of this study may help the Institution to know the preparation

of Taguig City University in handling Disaster Preparedness and the reliable data

that we gather can help the following;

Management.It may be a basis for TaguigCity University to make an

implementation rules and regulation regarding disaster preparedness. It may also

help them to be aware and alert for any kind of Disaster that may arise in Taguig

City University.

Faculty.It may serve as a helpful guide for the faculty of Taguig City

University, it is for them to know the things that they need to done in case of

disorder. It may also serve as a reference for those faculties that are teaching

disaster preparedness.

Student. It may serve as a guideline for the students of Taguig City

University to make them aware, alert and prepared in handling disaster

preparedness.

POSO Personnel. The result of this study may use as a basis for making

a effective program in handling disaster preparedness in Taguig City University

to enhance their knowledge and capability in terms in responding in any kind of

disaster.

Taguig City Government.It may serve as a basis for our local

government to know the capability of Taguig in handling disaster preparedness. It

may also use as a reference in making a program in disaster preparedness for

the community and Universities.

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Local Government Unit of Taguig City. It may serve as a reference to

our local government unit to make an enhancement action in the preparation for

disasters and calamities.

Barangay. It may serve as a reference for our barangay to know the

capability of each barangay in handling disaster preparedness. It may also help

them to make a program regarding safety and security measures to prevent

disaster casualties.

National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

(NDRRMC).It may serve as a basis for our national government to know the

capability of the Philippine government in handling disaster preparedness. It may

also use as a reference in making a programs and projects in disaster

preparedness.

Taguig City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office

(TCDRRMO).It may serve as a reference to enhance the preparation of Taguig

City in handling Disaster preparedness.

Future researchers. It may serve as a reference and guide for making a

same kind of research study in future.

Definition of Terms

For the purpose of this study and to facilitate understanding of this work,

the terms indicated below are defined operationally and conceptually and will be

used accordingly:

Age.It refers to the age of the respondent

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Assessment.It is the process of identifying and documenting the information that

is being gathered.

Civil status.It refers to the status of an individual.

Designation.It refers to the designation of the respondent.

Disaster.It is a phenomenon either natural or man-made that can cause

destruction of life and property.

Disaster preparedness.It is an act of being prepared to any kind of disaster that

may arise in any place, to lessen and prevent the destruction of life and property.

Disaster Drills. It refers to an act for the preparation in Disaster.

Earthquake.It is the shaking or movement of the earth surface.

Faculty.It refers to a group of teachers or educators in school or university.

Flood.It refers to an overflow water cause by heavy rain.

Information drive.This is the information gathered from the different department

either private or public to warn the respondents.

Logistics.Thesearethe tools and equipment used for the safety of the

respondents.

Management.It refers to a group of people that is combine together and has

special skills and talent to accomplish a specific goal in life.

Manmade disaster.This is the type of disaster that is made by human.

Natural disaster.It is the natural phenomena that cause harm and loss of the life

and property.

Preparation.It is an act of being prepared for something expected and

unexpected to happen.
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Preparedness. It is an act of being prepared to lessen the effect of any kind of

disturbances.

Policy.Theseare the rules and regulations that are being implemented by the

administration

Respondents.It refers to the group of people and categorize by their status in

life.

Stampede. It is the mass of movement of the people at the common impulse to

run away in headlong panic.

Safety.It is the condition of being safe from any kind of disturbances.

Students.It refers to the group of learners who studying a school or university.

Sex. It refers to the gender of the respondent either male or female.

Typhoon.It refers to a tropical cyclone that occurs in the region of the Philippine.
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Chapter 2

Literatures and Studies

This chapter presents a review of literature both foreign and local that

provided the researcher a frame of reference for the present study. Foreign and

Local studies were reviewed, they give the researcher information and relevant

data that helped him formulate the research design and the questions and

queries to be researched on.

Foreign Literature

Maskrey(2000) recounted his experiences of the Disaster mitigation and

the great participation of the non-government Organizations and internal

development agencies. It was focused on policy changes legal and Financial

Measure to avoid of vulnerable conditions rather than just physical measures.

The above literature and the proposed study are similar in their objective or

mitigating the impact to disaster. Through their respective focuses are not the

same.

Nick Cauter (2005) offers the idea that organization must work together to

mitigate prepare to respond and recover from the effects of disasters. The Write

expounded in details the interrelationship of activities for disaster preparation

through a disaster management continuum. The above literature and the

proposed study are both concerned with a containing disaster program to the

more effective this is where the similarity ends.

The Australian Natural disaster organization (2000) vividly presented

through discussion and illustration how to handle disaster victims that accordingly
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require skill among rescuers. Accidental discharge of petroleum or petroleum

products, and oil spill way occur or land from oil wells, oil transport trucks, or

pipelines or the water from ocean-sited oil rigs, oil tankers and oil-fueled vessels.

Thousands of spills of varying magnitude are reported in the United States each

year. The total number of spills worldwide is not known. But if is estimated that

for every million metric to as of oil transported annually about (1) one metric to is

lost to spillage most spills are relatively minor, amounting to less than 1;000

gallons, catastrophic spills, in which way many thousands of gallons are lost

Occur regularly, however most are the result of tanker accidents, There is both

short-term and a long term effect which may be equally devastating. There are

many more oil spills either caused accidentally internationally but whatever are

the causes, They are Causing damage Clean-up and control technology where

adopted to keep the oil contained until it can be collected by pumps or skimmers;

spraying chemical depressants which break down the oil and burning surface oil

all these three techniques must be used quickly before wind and waves thin and

spread the silk no methods has yet proved effective for cleaning spills on land.

Julie Dekens (2007) bring the idea about the inclusion of local people in

disaster management and preparedness activities are challenging. In practice,

participation and decentralization involve complex processes and the devolution

of power to local levels does not always transfer into power being given to the

most marginal groups, mainly because increased access to (political) resources

does not always translate into increased benefits from those resources.
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TomohideAtsumi, PhD (2003) evaluates the Japanese government and

many nongovernment organizations conduct relief efforts in various disasters

such as volcanic eruptions, floods, and earthquake. As Japan realizes itself as a

member of the international society, it has become active not only in domestic

but also in international disasters.

Torgusen and Kosberg, (2006) stated that Natural disasters may, at first

glance, seem to strike all victims without regard to the common characteristics by

which people are classified, such as age, culture, nationality, health status, or

economic status. However, the literature suggests that natural disasters have

had a disproportionately negative effect on the poor and the elderly versus other

groups. Older adults and the poor are distinctly disadvantaged with regard to

being prepared for and recovering from natural disasters.

Isiah Marshall Jr. PhD, (2010) Despite the effectiveness of such NGOs, it

is widely agreed that governmental agencies have the obligation to take

leadership roles in educational programs before, during, and after disasters, as

well as to plan and implement disaster emergency preparedness programs and

disaster relief services. For example, the government of Anguilla has assigned

government agencies to special duties that incorporate emergency

preparedness. The government has put in place the following objectives for

disaster services to elderly persons: (a) Ensure that first responders are sensitive

to the needs of older persons, (b) educate and train shelter management teams

to care for older persons in shelter situations, (c) coordinate with the Department

of Social Development for follow-up intervention for older persons after the
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disaster, (d) coordinate with NGOs to assist in safeguarding the well-being

(including evacuation) of older people in times of disaster, (e) raise awareness

and give guidance on individual shelter plans for homes, and (f)maintain.

Kovacs and Kunreuther (2001)make an idea that over the last few

decades, the frequency and intensity of weather-related natural disasters have

risen significantly. In addition to a more volatile natural environment, aging urban

infrastructure and an increasingly complex and interdependent network of

technological systems have created a multitude of hazards to which humans are

vulnerable. Within this more hazardous environment, the impacts of disasters

have also risen sharply, disrupting the lives of those affected and causing

unprecedented property damage and loss

Ronan and Johnston (2001) find out that those children who were

involved in a hazards education program clearly had an advantage over those

who reported not being involved in a hazards education program. Hazards-

educated children had more stable risk perceptions, reduced hazard-related

fears, and a much greater awareness of the most appropriate hazard-related

protective behaviorscompared to non-educated children. In addition, children

who reported being involved in two or more education program were significantly

more aware of essential protective behaviors compared not only to non-educated

children but also to children who reported being involved in only one hazards

education program. The findings of this study are strongly supportive of the

continuing value of hazard education for children. In fact, as some children from

every school involved in this survey reported not being involved,

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aprimaryrecommendation here is for schools to consistently implement education

programs on a regular basis: some education was clearly better than no

education and findings are also suggestive that more education appears to be

better than some Elaborating on their previous study.

LeannaFalkiner (2013) evaluate thatEmergency preparedness can be

considered a social phenomenon in which people alter their behavior in attempts

to prepare for an emergency in response to a perceived threat in their

environment. Given that natural disasters have increased in frequency and

intensity, the need for both present and future generations to actively undertake

emergency preparedness activities has heightened in recent years. Responding

to this need, the Canadian Red Cross designed the Expect the Unexpected, a

curriculum based school-aged disaster education program aimed at educating

public attitudes and encouraging the adoption of disaster preparedness

behaviors.

Local literature

(R.A 10121 This Act is known as the “Philippine Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management Act of 2010”). Under the section 2 of this act

state the declaration of policy. It shall be the policy of the state to:

(a) Uphold the people’s constitutional rights to life and property by

addressing the root causes of vulnerabilities to disasters, strengthening the

country’s institutional capacity for disaster risk reduction and management and

building the resilience of local communities to disasters including climate change

impacts;
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(b) Adhere to and adopt the universal norms, principles and standards of

humanitarian assistance and the global effort on risk reduction as concrete

expression of the country’s commitment to overcome human sufferings due to

recurring disasters;

(c) Incorporate internationally accepted principles of disaster risk

management in the creation and implementation of national, regional and local

sustainable development and poverty reduction strategies, policies, plans and

budgets;

(d) Adopt a disaster risk reduction and management approach that is

holistic, comprehensive, integrated, and proactive in lessening the

socioeconomic and environmental impacts of disasters including climate change,

and promote the involvement and participation of all sectors and all stakeholders

concerned, at all levels, especially the local community;

(e) Develop, promote, and implement a comprehensive National Disaster

Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) that aims to strengthen the

capacity of the national government and the local government units (LGUs),

together with partner stakeholders, to build the disaster resilience of

communities, and’ to institutionalize arrangements and measures for reducing

disaster risks, including projected climate risks, and enhancing disaster

preparedness and response capabilities at all levels;

(f) Adopt and implement a coherent, comprehensive, integrated, efficient

and responsive disaster risk reduction program incorporated in the development

plan at various levels of government adhering to the principles of good

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governance such as transparency and accountability within the context of poverty

alleviation and environmental protection;

(g) Mainstream disaster risk reduction and climate change in development

processes such as policy formulation, socioeconomic development planning,

budgeting, and governance, particularly in the areas of environment, agriculture,

water, energy, health, education, poverty reduction, land-use and urban planning,

and public infrastructure and housing, among others;

(h) Institutionalize the policies, structures, coordination mechanisms and

programs with continuing budget appropriation on disaster risk reduction from

national down to local levels towards building a disaster-resilient nation and

communities;

(i) Mainstream disaster risk reduction into the peace process and conflict

resolution approaches in order to minimize loss of lives and damage to property,

and ensure that communities in conflict zones can immediately go back to their

normal lives during periods of intermittent conflicts;

(j) Ensure that disaster risk reduction and climate change measures are

gender responsive, sensitive to indigenous know ledge systems, and respectful

of human rights;

(k) Recognize the local risk patterns across the country and strengthen the

capacity of LGUs for disaster risk reduction and management through

decentralized powers, responsibilities, and resources at the regional and local

levels;
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(l) Recognize and strengthen the capacities of LGUs and communities in

mitigating and preparing for, responding to, and recovering from the impact of

disasters;

(m) Engage the participation of civil society organizations (CSOs), the

private sector and volunteers in the government’s disaster risk reduction

programs towards complementation of resources and effective delivery of

services to the Citizenry;

(n) Develop and strengthen the capacities of vulnerable and marginalized

groups to mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from the effects of

disasters;

(o) Enhance and implement a program where humanitarian aid workers,

communities, health professionals, government aid agencies, donors, and the

media are educated and trained on how they can actively support breastfeeding

before and during a disaster and/or an emergency; and

(p) Provide maximum care, assistance and services to individuals and

families affected by disaster, implement emergency rehabilitation projects to

lessen the impact of disaster, and facilitate resumption of normal social and

economic activities.

(Philippine Disaster Preparedness System for Natural Hazards

Punongbayan 2003) Disaster preparedness against natural hazards requires

the establishment of three key mutually inter-dependent components: monitoring,

prediction and response system. While for the present we can make do with the

monitoring and response system, it should be our declared aspiration to develop

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the capacity to predict, or even just forecast, the imminent occurrence of a

specific natural hazard not only for the sake of preparing for its adverse impacts

but also for the purpose of elevating the expertise of Filipino scientists and

putting in place viable technology- based networks for in depth studies and

characterization of natural hazards.

Each of the three disaster preparedness system(DPS) is envisioned to be

basically composed of networks which are to be outfitted according to the nature

and nuances of a particular natural hazard and the program, activities and

strategies to mitigate its adverse impacts. Depending on the type and natures of

parameters being monitored and studies and on the activities being conducted in

each network, some network can share data and other outputs with each other

while others, due to uniqueness, will not be able to do so. Organizational teams

for generating appropriate plans and policies, responding quickly to disaster hits

and documenting recently- occurred- disaster, are also to constitute the DPS

(Milagros L. Fernandez, MD, MPH. the Predisaster Preparedness

Program of the Department of Health)This century, there have been 2,500

disasters worldwide. Eighty six percent of these occurred in developing countries,

and caused 42million deaths and affected 1.4 billion individuals. The Philippines,

as of 1995, had 113 natural calamities and 210 man-made disasters that resulted

in infrastructure and agricultural losses amounting to 15 billion.

Some of the calamites that hit the Philippines were the killer quake that

hit Baguio and Cabanatuan City in 1990, the flash flood in Ormoc City in 1992,

the Bocaue tragedy in 1993, the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991 and the
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OzoneDisco fire in Quezon City catapulted the Philippines to rank first in the

world in terms of number of disaster incidences. One Filipino dies from injury

every 22 minutes. But the sad tale about it is that many of these injuries need not

result in death if no mishandling and misinformation are made.

Because of this situation, the Department of Health (DOH) developed an

emergency preparedness program which goals are to strengthen the overall

capacity and capability of the country to manage efficiently all types of

emergencies and bring about an orderly transition from relief through

rehabilitation to sustained development. We call this program “STOP D.E.A.T.H.”

(Strategic and Tactical Options for the Prevention of Disaster, Epidemic,

Accidents, and Trauma for Health). STOP D.E.A.T.H. which was conceived in

1993 as a pioneering effort of four big institutions that forged an alliance to

deliver needed services to our people. These institutions are Philippine National

Red Cross (PNRC), Philippine College of Surgeons (PCS), UP-College of Public

Health (UP-CPH) and DOH. To realize its objectives, STOP D.E.A.T.H. employs

the following strategies: (a) Standards and regulations (b) Policy development

and legislation (c) Hospital trauma networking (d) Emergency information system

(e) Training (f) Emergency resources and logistics (g) Community preparedness

program (h) Public information and Advocacy.

(Emmanuel M. de Guzman Project A.L.E.R.T.: Promoting Emergency

Preparedness and Public Safety through Training and Public Health

Education)Through a training module development process participated in by

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the training officers of alliance members, Project ALERT has made and pilot-

tested a set of standard training modules, as follows:

I. Introduction to Emergency Preparedness and public safety

 Understanding risks, hazards, and health emergencies

 Appreciating the importance of injury prevention and emergency

preparedness

 Demonstrating Basic skills on first aid

 Action planning for emergency preparedness and public safety in the

community

II. Injury Prevention and control

 Overview of the injury problem

 Basic concepts and definitions

 Strategies for injury control

 Adoption intervention Strategies

III. Emergency Rescue and life Saving Techniques

 First aid, basic life support and cardio-pulmonary resuscitation

 Casualty handling and transport of the injured

IV. Community Emergency Preparedness

 State of disasters

 Basic concepts and definitions

 Principles of emergency preparedness and response

V. Stimulation Exercise’s and Skills Assessment

 Planning, organization, and coordination in crisis management

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 Mass casualty management and triage

 Skills demonstration and evaluation.

(Emmanuel M. Lunafrom Victims to Partners: A Reflection on

People’s Experiences in Community Disaster Management)To be victims of

a natural disaster often connotes becoming apathetic, powerless, and

dependent. Some quarters believe that such condition licenses victim to

demands dole outs from government. While emergency assistance is necessary

after a disaster, extended assistance is not sustainable for in the long run, it can

lead to greater social instability and dependency. The victim’s participation in the

disaster management process should therefore be enhanced. Community

organizing is used for this purpose, one rule of which states that the greater the

degree of the people’s dissatisfaction, oppression, or state of being victimized,

the greater the chances that they can be organized, developed, and mobilized.

(ZenaidadelicaWillson, Integrating Disaster Risk Management in

Local Governance)Philippines are one of the most disasters - prone countries of

the world from 1900 to 1991, the center for research epidemiology of disaster

recorded. A total of 701 disaster incidents or almost eight disasters a year from

1987 to 2000 the national disaster coordinating council (NDCC) recorded 523

disasters, an average of 37 disasters annually with total damage estimated at

Php 150.071 billion, in the year 2000 alone there were 259 disaster events noted,

affecting 9,078,236 persons with total of Php. 7,739 billion. The European

commission humanitarian and office disaster risk indicators has ranked the
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Philippines as the 11th most disaster prone among 115 countries in 2004 the

Philippines was among the top ten countries of the world with most killed.

(AnneliesHeljmans and Lorna P. Victoria, Experiences and

practices in Disaster Management of the Citizens Disaster Response

Network in the Philippines)Among Filipinos a notable capacity before, during

and after disaster is the strong sense of family and community cooperation the

“damayan” and “bayanihan” spirit the presence of community and people’s

organization is also a vital social capacity that immobilizes in its assistance to

vulnerable communities and groups Aside from sharing meager food and other

resources to survive, family and community, organization give care and

encouragement to face the difficulties in life.

(Ebinezer R. Florano, Ph.D. Roles of community and communal law

in Disaster management in the Philippines)To raise the Disaster awareness

level of residents and neighboring local governments, the city government

mandated the observance of “Disaster Safety Day” in the city every July 16. IEC

materials in the form of calendars and bookmarkers were distributed to students

and residents. Audio-visual presentations and orientation seminars were also

held even in non-piloted barangays. Perhaps, the greatest achievement in

Disaster awareness rising was the signing of a covenant among 42

representatives from various municipalities, cities, and provinces in Region 1 in

April 2008 which was spearheaded by Dagupan. The covenant urged the local

chief executives and signatories to promote and mainstream DRR into their local

government plans and programs.

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(Ladislao N. YuchongcoJr. Philippine Health Sector’s Response to

Health Emergencies and Disasters 2003)The Philippines experienced the most

number of natural disasters in the last decade. We are also seeing an increasing

trend in human-generated disasters in the present century. The price we pay is

high in terms of loss in human lives and properties. These unfortunate

consequences are the forces that drive the government, NGOs and the

international community to come up with measures to prepare, prevent and

mitigate, thus lessen the impact of these disasters.

In all of these, the health sector both government and private have the

Have the most challenging and visible responsibilities, in terms of preparedness

and response during disasters. Failure on our part is costly, particularly in terms

of lives lost. Perceived ineptness could add to political instability if taken

advantage of by unscrupulous minds.

With the above scenario, we use the term health “emergency”

management instead of “disaster” management this is because we strongly

believe that an emergency necessitates the immediate mobilization of resources

and response in order to prevent it from progressing to a disaster, which could

subsequently overwhelm the resources of any agency. When this happens, a

range of management problems is sure to occur. The evaluation of health

emergency management as a whole is now our growing concern. It brings us

closer to the attainment of “Strengthening national health emergency

management and developing consolidated action plans among partners in the

Philippines.
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(Earthquake Impact Reduction for Metropolitan Manila 2004)The

Master Plan for Earthquake Impact Reduction sets forth basic policy and

direction in pursuit of the vision of a safer Metropolitan Manila. The plan is a road

map to achieve the vision. It contains 34 frameworks, each addressing specific

goals and objectives. Each framework is not only a stand-alone avenue to pursue

improved levels of risk reduction but also a cross street interconnected with the

other frameworks. The goals, objectives, and frameworks address Metropolitan

Manila’s most imminent earthquake disaster management issues. Existing

earthquake disaster management system in the Philippines is not enough to

cope with expected earthquakes damages

Each framework describes the following:

- Understandings / Concerns

- Basic policy / Basic concept of framework

- Action plans

The Basic policy / Basic concept of framework include several strategies

that are encapsulated in various action plans designed to lead to

accomplishment of the framework’s goal and objectives.

(Jason Christopher Rayos,Community-driven disaster intervention:

Experiences of the Homeless People’s Federation Philippines 2010) Most

disasters could have been anticipated if there had been surveys of settlements in

high risk sites. So most of the deaths and destruction that the disasters brought

could have been avoided, but this is only likely to happen in future if those living

in high-risk sites are supported to do this. Most local governments are ill-
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equipped to support preventive measures before the fact. They also have limited

capacities to respond to disasters, other than helping organize the provision of

relief goods. For instance, most are unable to provide the land sites needed as

temporary or permanent relocation sites for those whose homes and settlements

are destroyed or severely damaged.

Foreign Studies

Ward (2004) in his study entitled “Britain’s Disaster” revealed that

disaster relief operation is usually carried out at a time of the crisis when the

individuals concerned are operating under stress. Furthermore the purpose of

disaster planning is to establish all disaster related activities during the pre-

disaster period in actual and actual even after disaster. The study of lamp

revealed that the damage of disaster on bridges, mil road tracks and other

engineering works may be very great in the case of large earthquake. However,

in his finding he found out that earthquake and in remedy settled area, than the

fire damage frequently exceeds the earthquake damages in a settled region, as

the breaking of gas pipes and electrics lines and the over-turning of the stores

and heaters start many fires. The damage to matter system and street make the

control of such fire disaster difficult.

Miller (2007) in his study for the volcano disaster assistance program

(VDAP) revealed that the decades of the 1980’s was a period of frequent

destructive eruptions, which registered more eruption related deaths that in any

ten years period since 1982. This destructive trend continues through the first

several years 1990’s. As rapidly growing population in development countries

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encroach areas of high volcano hazards, there is very reason to expect that the

potential for volcano related casualties will increase. Volcanic disaster assistance

program (VDAP) has the capability to mitigate volcanic hazards through

technology transfer, training and rapid response to volcano unrest.

Raquel Cohen (2003) in his study “Post disaster Mobilization in

nicaragus: A quick overview” mentioned that they manage earthquake could be

cataloged as one of the most catastrophic and bitter events experienced by a

population in the recent past. This was due not only to the magnitude of the

event and its impact on the city, but also because most of the country’s

administrative social supportive structures were centralized in Managua. The

timing was also critical in that because it occurred 2 days before Christmas when

the people beginning to celebrate holidays. The heightened expectation of

pleasures made the crushing event psychologically more devastating.

Shri K.M. Nandyal (2005) in his study the initial response to a disaster is

usually provided by the emergency services supported by the local authority but

many agencies can become involved. The emergency services maintain a state

of readiness so that they can provide a rapid response and alert local authorities

and other services as soon as possible. All organizations who need to respond

quickly to a disaster should have arrangement which can be activated as a short

notice. These arrangements should be clearly established and promulgated.

a. The Police Service

b. The Fire Service

c. The Hospital/ Ambulance Service

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d. Military

e. Civil Defense

The roles and responsibilities of the organizations/ agencies described

have to be set in the context of the objectives of the disaster response.

All services and agencies responding to disaster should be working

notwithstanding their particular responsibilities to these common objectives which

are:

a. To save life;

b. To prevent escalation of the disaster;

c. To relieve suffering;

d. To safeguard the environment;

e. To protect property;

f. To facilitate criminal investigation and judicial, public, technical, or

other inquiries;

g. To inform the public;

h. To promote self-help and recovery; and

i. To restore normalcy as soon as possible.

Training of the community to cope with crisis

Since civil defense is an emergency which is voluntary in nature and is

part of the community at large, during peace time, training is the hallmark of civil

defense preparedness. The similarity of effects created by war emergency and

by a natural disaster strengthen our belief that Civil Defense Training can be
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utilized for the development of disaster intervention teams ( DIT’s) with man

power geared to cope with eventualities. It is worth mentioning that the

emergence of counter disaster organization all over the world has originated from

Civil Defense Organizations developed during World War II or after the war. The

trained Civil Defense man power should be effectively employed by the local

authorities in mitigating the effects of a disaster on any segment of the

population. This will instill confidence in the public in the step adopted by the

government for their protection and safety.

Developing trained volunteer manpower resource

Civil defense with its three-tier training establishment at national state and

local level has, over a period of time, developed volunteer manpower resource

trained in survival techniques. These volunteers, on their own, have in times of

emergencies contributed their services without any compensatory package.

Law and Order Enforcement

The most obvious choice for the overall controller in an emergency

appears to be the magistrate or collector as he has profound knowledge of all

departments in his authority, and comprehensive administrative staff at his

disposal. Law and order enforcement in the area of his jurisdiction poses a grave

problem without proper information flow from the localities. In the present day

tensions and riot situation, the Civil Defense Warden has acted as the eyes and

ears of the controller whose timely intervention has prevented the escalation of

small time conflicts. The Civil Defense Warden, themselves coming from various
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communities, have diffused many tense situations and endeavored to generate

communal harmony in their respective localities.

Manpower Information System

Civil Defense Organization is defendant on a volunteer manpower

resource for its functioning. To ascertain the potentialities of effective manpower

required during war emergency, the CD Wardens prepared household registers

containing complete details of individuals and families residing on a locality, this

has aided the local authority in the selection of appropriate manpower to man the

disaster services in the event of any crisis.

Comprehensive Action Plan for Disaster Mitigation and Response

The following point can be kept in view while preparing a

comprehensive ACTION PLAN for disaster mitigation and response.

1. Assessment of Hazards

2. Assessment of Vulnerability

3. Public awareness and acceptance of mitigation process

4. Political support

5. Legislation facilitating mitigation

6. Scientific information about risk analysis

7. Disaster maps

8. List of central, state, local agencies as per area of responsibilities

9. Plan for combine approach to planning , training, education and

exercising

10. Evacuating strategy

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11. List of NGOs/voluntary sector

12. Risk analysis/ loss estimation strategy

13. Coordination in respect of resources/effort/implementation

14. Plan to limit hazard

15. Effective communication and command and control

16. Plan for restoration of civic amenities

17. Care and treatment of disaster victims

18. Transport, supplies and welfare or personnel

19. Police investigation, disposal of dead bodies, handling requires

from relative of victims missing person, etc.

20. Control of epidemics

21. Crowd control , VIP visits/traffic regulation

22. Plan for handling outside aid including foreign aid its proper

accounting storage and distribution

23. Information and handling media

24. Public participation in mitigation, relief and response

25. Preparation of disaster manuals ,training, modules for various

functionaries, voluntary bodies and the public and the areas likely to be affected

26. Morale and stress levels in respect of the personnel involved in

rescue, relief, evacuation and disaster mitigation.

The validation process from Chung and Fabbri(2004)is applied in order

to evaluate the prediction results with three steps as: removing one landslides

from the data set as if it had not yet occurred, constructing a prediction model
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base on Bayesian estimator for the remaining landslides, and appraising the

favorability indices obtained in the trigger area of the landslides selected at the

first step. The maps that generated without using the distance from active fault

layer show a good comparison between the two litho logical models as if the

testing of the influence of the distance from active fault variables is also have a

larger discrepancy for the prediction maps, prediction maps forecast the zone

most sensitive to failure but does not reveal anything on how the initiated

landslides will move down slope and endanger further areas.

Adam Colligan (2013) Explain that Natural disasters are a frequent risk

around the world, facing developing and developed countries alike. The ability to

deal with natural hazards, and the potential disasters associated with them,

however, differs dramatically across countries. Within the African continent,

where countries such as Mozambique have developed institutional structures to

manage disaster preparedness and response, other countries, such as Togo,

have done little to respond to increasing risks associated with flooding and

droughts in the region.National governments play a key role in shaping disaster

management, and thus affecting the nature of this variation across countries.

Yet, analysts have little leverage for understanding why national governments

take, or fail to take, a particular stance toward investment in activities that should

reduce the overall vulnerability of their countries to natural hazards. This lack of

knowledge is not due to a shortage of theories or explanations of why some

countries do better at preparing for and preventing disasters. Many possible

explanations exist. Differences in economic resources or differing political

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incentives but these theories have not been rigorously tested to see which

explanation alone or in combination with others does the best job of explaining

why there are such differences in countries’ responses to disaster risk.

Jennifer Bussell (2013)the alternative explanations chosen for inclusion

in this study, based on an extensive literature review, are summarized here.

 Perceived risk: If governments perceive that the risk of a natural hazard

is high, then they will invest more in preparedness.

 Economic strength: If a country has greater economic resources overall,

then it will spend more on disaster preparedness.

 Electoral incentives and democracy: If a government perceives disaster

preparedness to be electorally beneficial, then it will spend more on

preparedness.

 Political development: If a government is more developed in terms of the

quality of its politicians and the quality and independence of bureaucrats, then it

will prepare better for natural hazards.

 Foreign aid: If governments anticipate that other actors will spend on

preparedness or response, then they will spend less on preparedness

 Civil society: If there is a strong civil society, then there will be greater

investment in preparedness.

 External actors: If a government has greater exposure to disaster

preparedness from the actions of external actors, then it will invest more in

preparedness.
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Perry and Lindell, (2003)Emergency preparedness refers to the

readiness of a political jurisdiction to react constructively to threats from the

environment in a way that minimizes the negative consequences for health and

safety. It results from a process in which a community examines its susceptibility

to hazards (vulnerability analysis), identifies the human material resources

available to cope with these threats (capability assessment), and defines the

organizational structures by which a coordinated response is to be launched.

Allen (2006)Community-based disaster preparedness refers to a specific

form of locallevel capacity building and represents increasingly important

elements of vulnerability reduction and disaster management strategies.

Strategies leverage the knowledge and capabilities of local community

resources. Successful implementation of requires an understanding of the

communities involved.

Rajiv Gandhi (2012)studiedthatevery country is at the risk of exposure to

some type of disaster, whether natural or man-made. In order for each country to

prepare for any kind of disaster, it must inform its citizens about the different

types of disasters. The local residents must also be aware of how they can

effectively participate in preparing for a disaster, mitigating potential impacts of a

disaster and the recovery process after a disaster. One of the most effective

mechanisms for a country to prepare for a disaster is by conducting education

and public awareness programs at the local community level. Public awareness

in disaster preparedness is a process of educating and empowering the

population through sharing knowledge and information about the various types of
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disasters and their potential risks as widely as possible so that people act

appropriately when a disaster happens.

Local Studies

( Ma. Lynn Paladio- Melo Santos, Capacity- Building for earthquake

disaster preparedness and mitigation through creative.2006) Disaster risk

management is an applied science as a branch of science it involves systematic

observation and analysis of disaster with the end view of improving measures

relating to mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. As a branch of

management evolves as the body of social scientific knowledge from disaster

experience growth.

Understanding hazards and managing disaster took required multi-

disciplinary and multi-sectoralapproaches .The challenged for disaster risk

manager is to be able to translate the body of knowledge from various discipline

into a set of an action that would build capacities of vulnerable communities to

cope when disaster occur.

Godofredo de los Santos (2007) on his study “Disaster Preparedness

Program of the Pampanga Police Office” he state that Once there is a disaster,

the geographic area could be identified immediately to a good extent. This

needed in order that response to the disaster to be immediately dispatched.

While it is true that this factor is not at its highest level, with the high level of

coordination practiced by the PNP of Pampanga, the goals of the Regional

Disaster Coordinating Council to minimize dangers and losses of any kind could

be attained.
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During the period of disaster and disaster preparedness is under

operation, the PNP exercise a high level of authority over the place. This is to

ensure an orderly evacuation, if required or orderly delivery of the services

needed under the circumstances. This avoided looting and other kinds of

profiteering in the place. Securing the place is also a responsibility of the PNP. In

which case, the PNP was mandate by the council to exercise authority over the

affected areas to insure a peaceful and orderly operation.

Rogelio A. Elvena (2009) according to his study “Disaster Preparedness

in Baguio City” that The type of disaster much feared by the volunteer’s is

Earthquake followed by landslides, and typhoons while the residents much

feared landslides which is followed by earthquake and typhoons. However, the

overall weighted mean showed that earthquake is most feared by the

respondents. The perception is so because the disaster situation in Baguio City

is unique considering the topography, and geology and the climate which is the

inherent part of natural environment. The perceived degree of preparedness the

city Disaster Coordinating Council volunteers are much prepared while the

residents have no formal training at all. For this reason, the volunteers perceived

to be prepared. The training needs of the CDCC volunteers were indicated as

very important by both volunteers and residents. Both perceived the importance

of Disaster management skills in all types of disaster situations. The degree of

seriousness of the problems encountered in the implementation of the Disaster

Preparedness Programs as perceived by both volunteers and residents are

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serious. Therefore there is felt-need for training to enhance disaster

preparedness.

Bernardo Rafaelito R. Alejandro IV (2010) according to his study

“Disaster Management Preparedness of the province of Albay”. He stated

that Disaster capability covered the status of the disaster management program

of the province of albay particularly concentrating on the vision mission and

goals; the organizational functions, resources and the linkages with other

agencies. Similarly taken into consideration in this paper are the level of the

capability management and the problems encountered along the different phases

of disaster management specifically prevention, mitigation, response, recovery

and rehabilitation. Finally, the policies formulated were also studied. For this

particular paper, disaster capability covers the extent whereby the province

through its City/Municipal disaster coordinating council’s and provincial’s disaster

coordinating council encompass the disaster management practices. Province of

Albay covered the whole province including its 15 municipalities and three cities.

According to Primitivo T. Tabujara, jr. (2004) base on his study “The

implementation of Disaster Preparedness Program in Antipolo City. That

Anchor disaster planning on the situation on affected populace. Such being the

case, disaster councils and their implementing agencies should be able to

assess the effectiveness of their plans by conducting a post operation report

detailing their results with public acceptance and/ or criticism. In this manner, the

process will improve after each event.

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Ensure maximum participation of the entire community in aspect of

preparedness. The disaster groups should to strive to extend full involvement of

the community in various barangay emergency assistance programs to the entire

populace in the city. The involvement of the community in the various barangay

emergency preparedness programs will create awareness and eventually

support from the people.

Create proactive emergency assistance programs during typhoons, fire

and earthquake in the disaster/emergency assistance program of the Antipolo

Disaster Coordinating Council.

Edsel Rio Bactedon (2010) in his study “The Awareness in the

Disaster Preparedness and climate change of the people in jalajala” he

observe the different training/seminars attended to the local government of

jalajala in the aspect of disaster preparedness from the last previous year 2010-

2011. It also revealed the funding allocation of the local government of jalajala in

the aspect of disaster preparedness from the last five years 2007-2011. From the

summary of findings, the study conclude that the people of jalajala has

knowledge already on how to respond to disaster and preventive measures

which could to address to adverse effect of climate change. The output of the

study is the advocacy of the program in disaster management that will enhance

their disaster preparedness capability and increase their climate change

awareness of the people and local government of jalajala.

Gailard, J.C, Liamzon, C.C, and Villanueva, J.D.(2011)studied that with

a retrospect into the typhoon disaster in eastern Luzon Philippines. This research
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gives the brief point of view in disaster management in such particular area with

complexity, descriptive analysis for the causes is carried out in resuming the

natural hazard such as geographical setting, type of typhoons and the

characteristics, rainfall, deforestation, and the root causes of the disaster. It

suggest for a total rethinking of the contemporary approaches of disaster.

Efficiency in disaster mitigation should not goes far beyond the sole prevention of

rare and extreme natural hazard and shall require poverty alleviation , fair access

to resources and adapted social and societal protection.

Lee and Evangelista D.G (2010) They made a land slide susceptibility

mapping in Baguio city Philippines the land sliders factor that are used in the

study are aspect, curvature and distance from drainage and terrain mapping unit

which are calculated from the topographic database, lithology and distance from

fault which are extracted and calculated from the geology database, and land

cover which is classified from lands of TM satellite imagery. The relation of the

landslide factors with the landslide occurrence is calculated using logistic

regression and frequency Ratio. The result is compared each other by validate

them to the area where the known landslide occur logistic regression analysis

show’s better prediction accuracy with frequency ration even if it needs data

conversion to derive the spatial data statistical information.

Gebbie Kristine (2008) evaluated that a lot of disaster management

activities are organized mostly by the military and /or central government

however, in the Philippines there has been an increase of NGOs entering into

partnership with the government sector. But on inevitable tension exists between
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these two factors and the civil society outspokenly criticized the role of

government in many respect. A major criticism is government tendency to be

more reactive than preventive. This is a result of inadequate institutional

capacity, inadequate skills and inappropriate processes followed by the

government sector. While the country has numerous laws’, which could

theoretically contribute to preventing and mitigating disaster, they are

inadequately implemented. The government is perceived as lacking political will

in implementing the laws (Luna 2001) because of this inadequacy, the burden of

providing urgent disaster development needs shifted to where the civil society

response to disaster management is helpful one the other hand it is plague with

host of problems lack of resources, inadequate experience, and the lack of

recognition of NGOs by government institution as a partner in disaster relief to

development continuum sometimes result in the slowness of response by NGOs.

In the Philippines, a bill was brought forward which mandates that all the

stakeholders must act in unison to reduce the vulnerability of the disadvantage

people. The adoption of local government code of 1991 empowered the local

institutions to avail greater decision making power at the local level and provide

opportunities to search and apply localized solutions to problems posed by

natural disaster. Disaster happens at the communities should be able to tailor

national norms and plans to matter much needs of the communities. But it is

ironic to mention that local government units hardly have the capacity to stress

on the long term reduction of vulnerability in the disaster prone areas and their

development plan though have concern towards the disaster event and its
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mitigation it’s difficult to implement the plans given their financial and institutional

capacities. Though community effort in reduction of vulnerability in the long term

plays a significant role, little effort is being made to include them in a

participatory institutional system to carry out disaster preparedness and

vulnerability reduction measures. Gap between the local and national/sub-

national authorities sometimes limits the capacity of the former to react to such

kind of developments.

Don Balderas (2013) He study that organizations has set the goals

of Comprehensive School Safety which included protection of learners and

education workers from death, injury, and harm in schools, planning for

educational continuity in the face of expected hazards, safeguarding education

sector investments and strengthening climate-smart disaster resilience through

education. Accordingly, these are addressed by education policy and practices

aligned with disaster management covering three pillars which include safe

learning facilities, school disaster management and risk reduction and resilience

education.

Among the gaps and priorities identified for safe learning facilities are the

construction of schools with assurance that every new school is a safe school;

encouragement for national governments to assess safety of facilities and

implementation of action plan; and development of guidance for non-structural

and infrastructure measure for schools, among others.

For school disaster management, the gaps and priorities include the

development of guidance for education authorities on policies and practices of

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school-based disaster risk reduction and preparedness, standard operating

procedures and disaster drills; for family, home-based, congregate child-care

providers; planned and limited use of schools as temporary post-disaster shelters

while protecting educational continuity; and monitoring and evaluation tools of

accountability.

For risk reduction and resilience education, identified gaps and priorities

include promotion of national and local adaptation of consensus-based and

actionable key messages for household and community risk reduction impede

shared understanding and measurable progress; and development of

educational materials incorporated to meet different needs of children of different

ages, gender and disabilities, among others.

In the Philippines, the Department of Education (DepEd) has considered

one of the objectives of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015 that is

on building schools, nations and communities resilient to disaster as a policy for

implementation. This framework is a global blue print for disaster risk reduction

efforts that aims to reduce disaster losses in lives, properties, social and

environmental assets of communities and countries.

Tuguinayo(2013) on the Disaster Risk Reduction in the School

Curricula has emphasized in the Philippine Report that the challenges in the

policy implementation of DRR and CCA include the utilization of schools for

evacuation centers, proper conduct of various drills, suspension of classes,

establishment of school disaster management committee, integration of DRR and

CCA into the K to 12 Basic Education Program, and sustaining DRR and CCA
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projects, programs and interventions. Other challenges identified include plans

for sustained DRR and CCA initiatives with concept mapping for long term goal

and project implementation and capacitating competencies and effectiveness of

various players in schools and establishing and strengthening collaboration and

coordination with stakeholders.

Synthesis of the Reviewed Literatures and Studies to the Present

Investigation

The studies and literature reviewed are useful basis for the researchers to

easily identify the study and to provide idea about the topic. It is a helpful tool in

this investigation to accomplish and finish the study. The relevance of this study

and literature are effective instrument to provide reliable information that will

support the topic.

The local literature focused in the safety and security measures of Taguig

City University on handling disaster preparedness. According to

ZenaidadelicaWillson. Philippines are one of the most disaster prone countries in

the world with a total of 701 disaster incidents from year 1987 to 2000. Ladislao

N. Yuchongco Jr. specify that the phillipines experienced the most number of

natural disaster in the last decades compare to human made disaster. Because

of this an act has being made to protect the citizen of the phillipines from any

kind of disaster. Base on Republic Act 10121 or known as the Philippine Disaster

Risk Reduction Management act of 2010, it is needed to Develop, promote, and

implement a comprehensive National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

Plan (NDRRMP) that aims to strengthen the capacity of the national government
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and the local government units (LGUs), together with partner stakeholders, to

build the disaster resilience of communities, and’ to institutionalize arrangements

and measures for reducing disaster risks, including projected climate risks, and

enhancing disaster preparedness and response capabilities at all levels. The

Taguig City University should make a program to enhance the Disaster

preparedness of the aforementioned university which aims to avoid casualties

from any kind of disaster.

The foreign literature contains the preparedness of different countries from

any kind of disaster. The Australian Natural Disaster Organization vividly

presented through discussion and illustration how to handle disaster victims that

accordingly require skill among rescuers, TomohideAtsumi evaluates the

Japanese government and many nongovernment organization conduct relief

efforts in various disasters such as volcanic eruptions, floods and earthquake. As

japan realizes itself as a member of the international society, it has become

active not only in domestic but also in international disaster. The Taguig City

University must create a productive programs and trainings which help the

occupant of the said university to become alert and ready in any kind of disaster.

The related studies both foreign and local has the same point of view but

they have different ways of application of methods. According to Shri K.M.

Nandyal, in his study the initial response to a disaster is usually provided by the

emergency services supported by the local authority but many agencies can

become involved. The emergency services maintain a state of readiness so that

they can provide a rapid response and alert local authorities and other services
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as soon as possible. All organizations that need to respond quickly to a disaster

should have arrangement which can be activated as a short notice. But

according to Primitivo T. Tabujara. The Anchor disaster planning on the situation

on affected populace. Such being the case, disaster councils and their

implementing agencies should be able to assess the effectiveness of their plans

by conducting a post operation report detailing their results with public

acceptance and/ or criticism. In this manner, the process will improve after each

event. Ensure maximum participation of the entire community in aspect of

preparedness. The disaster groups should to strive to extend full involvement of

the community in various barangay emergency assistance programs to the entire

populace in the city. The involvement of the community in the various barangay

emergency preparedness programs will create awareness and eventually

support from the people. The researchers came up to the idea that both

government and non-government agencies must have a good relationship to help

each other in times of disaster. The Taguig City University must make an

implementation program which support the occupant of the aforementioned

university to participate to any kind of program that would be create by Taguig

City University.
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Chapter 3

Research Method and Procedures

In this chapter the researchers were focused on the research methods

and procedures that were used in the study, population and sampling scheme,

research and validation of the instruments utilized, procedures in data gathering

and statistical treatment employed in the analysis and interpretation of data.

Research Method Used

The study was used the descriptive method of research which is design to

access the level of preparation on the safety and security measure of Taguig City

University handling disaster preparedness in terms of the following: Disaster Drill,

Policy, Information Drive and Logistics.

The objective of descriptive method of research is to gather information

about the current condition, its emphasis is to describe the present existing

situations rather than to judge or interpret(Cresswell, 2009).

Population and Sampling Scheme

The researchers were focused in the four (4) groups of respondents, and

these are the students that consisting of eleven thousand seven hundred sixty-

four (11,764) that are enrolled in first semester year 2014 – 2015 from 1st year to

4th year, one hundred fifthty – six (156) faculty that are fulltime professor in

Taguig City University, thirty (30) TCU management from different department

and twenty-six (26) POSO Personnel that are deployed in Taguig City

University, in order for the researchers to make an assessment on the safety and

security measures in Taguig City University in handling disaster preparedness.

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The first respondents are the students; Because of the large number of

the students the researchers use the random sampling, the researchers use the

one hundred (100) of the representative from the student.

The second respondents are the faculty in Taguig City University; the

researchers use the forty (40) representatives from the faculty.

The third respondents are the management; the researchers use the total

number of the management.

The fourth respondents are the POSO personnel that are deployed in

Taguig City University. The researchers use the total number of POSO

personnel.

InstrumentsUsed

1. Questionnaire. The study was used the survey questionnaire as the

primary survey of data that serve as a major tool of the study which is categorize

into twoparts the first part was be demographic profile of the groups of

respondents and the second part was be divided into three major subparts, first

will be the extent of preparation on the safety and securityofTaguig City

University in handling disaster preparedness, secondly is the issue and concerns

in the preparation of the aforementioned subject and thirdly was be the proposed

measures to enhance the level of preparation that focused in the study.

2. Library Research. The researchers went to National Libraries and

different libraries both public and private schools in order to obtain reliable and

essential necessary informationpertaining to the main topic of the study which

supports the data.

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3. Internet Search. The researchers used other cyberspaceto gather

reliable information which helps in acquiring accurate data that support the study.

4. Interview. The researchers asked formal inquiries/constructive

questions to group of respondents and to their adviser and some knowledgeable

person who make contributors on how to enrich the study.

Validation of Instruments

The researcherswerepresented a questionnaire to their adviser who is

knowledgeable in research study to make a suggestion and correction for this

subject matter.

Procedures in Gathering Data

The researchers were conducted the following procedures in gathering the data:

1. The researcher wasidentify the issues and concerns pertaining to the theme of

the study through gathering, analyzing, interpreting, and reviewing the

information gathered through essential documents and other information

associated and correlated with the topic;

2. Secure the approval to conduct study from the adviser, chairman of the

panelists, and from other concerned authorities;

3. consultation from the adviser and conduct interview to some person who are

very knowledgeable in the research study for additional insights and corrections;

4. The researchers were make a formula of the survey questionnaires;

5. The researchers were ensured the validation of survey questionnaires from

other concerned authorities for approval and some corrections;

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6. The researchers was Conducted of a pre-test for strengthening the survey

questionnaires;

7. The researcher was asked a permission from the management of Taguig City

University to conduct survey in the four groups of respondents (Students, faculty,

management and POSO personnel);

8. The researcherswas distributed and retrieve the survey questionnaires from

the respondents; and,

9. The researchers were secured and consolidate all the research findings and it

will present to the adviser for more suggestion, corrections and approval.

Statistical Treatment of data

The quantities datathat was obtained through the conduct that survey that

analyze and evaluate using the following statistical treatments.

The percentage formula is used to analyze and evaluated the data on the

profile of the respondents according to each description.

Following is the percentage formula:

F
P = N X 100

Where:F= Number of responses under a particular category

N= Number of respondent

100= Constant factor

P= Percentage

The Average Weighted Mean (AWM) will be used to determine the central

tendency in relation on the assessment of the respondents on issues that focus

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in the study. The AWM refers to accumulated responses which determine the

corresponding weight using the formula below:

WM = ∑ + X
N

Where: WM = Weighted mean

∑ = Summation of all scores

F = Frequency obtained from the number of responses

X = Weighted of each value scale

N = Total number of respondent

Likert scale is used in rating the responses of the three groups of

respondents for the level of preparation in terms of the main variables of the

study the verbal interpretations and numerical mean ranges as follows:

Descriptive Rating Point Value Mean Scale

Strongly Agree (SA) 5 4.20 – 5.00

Agree (A) 4 3.40 – 4.19

Moderately Agree (MA) 3 2.60 – 3.39

Less Agree (LA) 2 1.80 – 2.59

Not Agree (NA) 1 1.00 – 1.79

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For addressing the issues and concerns of the main study. The Verbal

interpretations and numerical mean ranges as follows:

Descriptive Rating Point Value Mean Scale

Very serious (VS) 5 4.20 – 5.00

Serious (S) 4 3.40 – 4.19

Moderately serious (MS) 3 2.60 – 3.39

Less serious (LS) 2 1.80 – 2.59

Not serious (NS) 1 100. – 1.79

For addressing the proposed measures of the main study. The verbal

interpretations and numerical mean ranges as follows:

Descriptive Rating Point Value Mean Scale

Highly Recommended 5 4.20 – 5.00

Recommended 4 3.40 – 4.19

Moderately Recommended 3 2.60 – 3.39

Less Recommended 2 1.80 – 2.59

Not Recommended 1 1.00 – 1.79

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The last portion is The ANOVA or One – way analysis of Variance and/or

F-test is used for testing the significance of the difference on the assessment of

the four (4) groups of respondents.

MSSB
FORMULA: F =MSSW

Where: F = Anova

M = Mean

SS = Sum Square

B = Between

W = Within
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Chapter 4

Presentation, analysis and Interpretation of Data

This chapter presents the summarized and completed data in tabular

forms, which were analyzed and interpreted based on the specific problems

posited in chapter 1.

Sub problem no.1 what is the demographic profile of the group of the

respondent in terms of:

1.1 Gender;

1.2 Sex;

1.3 Designation?

Description of the respondents

Frequency Distribution of Respondents by Gender

Table 1

Sex Number Percent Rank

Male 93 47 2

Female 103 53 1

Total: 196 100

This table indicates the sex of respondent. There are 93 or 53% of female

and 103 or 47% of male.

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Frequency Distribution of Respondents by Age

Table 2

Age Number Percent Rank

16-20 yrs old 89 45 1

21-25 16 8 4

26-30 12 6 5

31-35 24 12 2

56-40 20 10 3

41-45 10 5 6.5

46-50 9 5 6.5

51-55 7 4 8

56-60 3 2 10

61 and above 6 3 9

Total: 196 100

This table indicates the age of respondents. 45% of the respondent have

an age of 16 to 20 years old, 8% 21 to 25 years old, 6% 26 to 30 years old, 12%

31 to 35 years old, 10% 56 to 40 years old, 5% 41 to 45 years old, 5% 46 to 50

years old, 4% 51 to 55 years old, 2% 56 to 60 years old and 3% 61 years old and

above.
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Frequency Distribution of respondents by Designation

Table 3

Designation Number Percent Rank

Student 100 52 1

Management 30 15 3

POSO 26 13 4

Faculty 40 20 2

Total: 196 100

This table indicates the designation of the respondents. 52% of the

respondents are students, 15% from the management, 13% from POSO

personnel and 20% from faculty.

1. What is the level of preparation in the safety and security measures of

Taguig City University on handling Disaster preparedness in terms of:

1.1 Disaster Drills;

1.2 Logistics;

1.3 Information Drive;

1.4 Policy?
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Respondents Assessment on the level of preparation in the safety and security

measures of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms

of Disaster Drill

Table 4
Students Management POSO Faculty Overall
Indicators
Disaster Drill
X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I Rank

1. ThereL is Earthquake
drill and fire drill in in 3.28 MA 3.6 A 3.31 MA 3.42 A 3.32 MA 2
Taguig City University.
e
2. There is disaster
preparedness and
response
g training for the 3.31 MA 3.03 MA 3.0 MA 3.2 MA 3.26 MA 3
students of Taguig City
University.
e
3. There is Retrieval `
operation trainings for 3.44 A 3.3 MA 2.85 MA 3.3 MA 3.11 MA 4
POSO personnel.
n
4. There is training in
Search and rescue 3.39 MA 3.07 MA 2.85 MA 3.15 MA 2.81 MA 5
d
operation for POSO
personnel
5. There is a Safety and
:Security measure 3.54 A 3.4 MA 3.35 MA 3.58 A 3.47 A 1
training program for
Taguig City University.
Overall Mean score 3.4 MA 3.28 MA 3.07 MA 3.33 MA 3.19 MA

Legend:

X - Mean

V.I. - Verbal Interpretation

4.20 – 5.00 - Strongly Agree (SA)

3.40 – 4.19 - Agree (A)

2.60 – 3.39 - Moderately Agree (MA)

1.80 – 2.59 - Less Agree(LA)

1.00 – 1.79 - Not Agree(NA)

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Table 4 presents the assessment of the respondentsin the preparation on

the safety and security measure of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster

Preparedness in terms of Disaster Drills.

The table shows the level of preparation in the safety and security

measures of Taguig City University on handling disaster preparedness in terms

of Disaster Drill. It is discovered in this, the respondents are moderately agree

with a mean of 3.19. On detail, theEarthquake drill and fire drill with a mean of

3.32; disaster preparedness and response training for the students with a mean

of 3.26; Retrieval operation trainings for POSO personnel with a mean of 3.11;

training in Search and rescue operation for POSO personnel with a mean of

2.81; and, training in Search and rescue operation for POSO personnel with a

mean of 3.47have an interpretation of moderately agree.Whilea Safety and

Security measure training program for Taguig City University with a mean of 3.47

which is interpreted as agree for the respondents.

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Respondents Assessment on the level of preparation in the safety and security

measures of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms

of Logistics

Table 5
Students Management POSO Faculty Overall
Indicators
Logistics X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I Rank
1. There are Disaster
equipment’s and warning
devices such as fire 4.03 A 2.67 MA 4.15 A 3.68 A 3.93 A 1
extinguisher, fire hose,
sprinklers and fire alarm.

2. The Taguig City

University is conducting 4.67 A 3.77 A 3.81 A 4.23 SA 3.66 A 4
building inspection and
maintenance
3. There are available
Medicines, Medical 3.88 A 3.7 A 3.62 A 3.62 A 3.77 A 2
facilities and medical
equipment.
4. Availability of
ambulance and disaster 3.61 A 3.67 A 3.73 A 3.18 MA 3.55 A 5
response vehicle.
5. There are Tents and
other temporary shelter 3.83 A 3.73 A 3.62 A 2.48 MA 3.68 A 3
facilities for evacuation
center.
Overall Mean score 3.80 A 3.71 A 3.79 A 3.44 A 3.72 A
Legend:

X - Mean

V.I - Verbal Interpretation

4.20 – 5.00 - Strongly Agree

3.40 – 4.19 - Agree

2.60 – 3.39 - Moderately Agree

1.80 – 2.59 - Less Agree

1.00 – 1.79 - Not Agree

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Table 5 presents the assessment of the respondentsin the preparation on

the safety and security measures of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster

Preparedness in terms of Logistics.

Thetable illustrates the level of preparation in the safety and security

measures of Taguig City University on handling disaster preparedness in terms

of Logistics. It has an overall mean of 3.72 with an interpretation of agree.

Moreover, all of the items have the same interpretation which is agree. There are

Disaster equipment’s and warning devices such as fire extinguisher, fire hose,

sprinklers and fire alarm with a mean of 3.93,The Taguig City University is

conducting building inspection and maintenance with a mean of 3.66, There are

available Medicines, Medical facilities and medical equipment with a mean of

3.77. Availability of ambulance and disaster response vehicle with a mean of

3.55, there are Tents and other temporary shelter facilities for evacuation center

with a mean of 3.68.

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Respondents Assessment on the level of preparation in the safety and security

measures of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms

of Information Drive

Table 6
Students Management POSO Faculty Overall
Indicators
Information Drive
X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I Rank
1. There is Disaster
awareness program for
the students, faculty, 3.77 A 3.43 A 3.15 MA 3.22 MA 3.55 A 1
management and POSO
personnel in Taguig City
University.
2. There are T.V screen
that is showing disaster 3.72 A 3.33 MA 3.62 A 3.1 MA 3.53 A 2
preparedness in Taguig
City University.
3. There are disaster
preparedness tarpaulin 3.46 A 3.6 MA 3.5 MA 3.02 MA 3.42 A 3
and poster in Taguig City
University.
4. The Taguig City
University are giving 3.03 MA 3.37 A 3.62 A 2.95 MA 3.14 MA 5
pamphlet regarding
disaster preparedness.
5. There are books and
references regarding 3.2 MA 3.47 A 3.65 A 2.92 MA 3.28 MA 4
Disaster preparedness in
Taguig City University.
Overall Mean score 3.44 A 3.44 A 3.79 A 3.04 MA 3.38 MA
Legend:

X - Mean

V.I - Verbal Interpretation

4.20 – 5.00 - Strongly Agree

3.40 – 4.19 - Agree

2.60 – 3.39 - Moderately Agree

1.80 – 2.59 - Less Agree

1.00 – 1.79 - Not Agree

 College of Criminology_____________________Page73
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Table 6presents the assessment of the respondentsin the level of

preparation on the safety and security measures of Taguig City University in

Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms of Information Drive.

This said table illustrates the level of preparation in the safety and security

measures of TaguigCityUniversity on handling disaster preparedness on terms of

Information Drive, as perceive by the respondents. It is shown in if that the

respondents are moderately agreewith an overall mean of 3.38. There is Disaster

awareness program for the students, faculty, management and POSO personnel

in Taguig City Universitywith a mean of 3.55.There is T.V screen that shows

disaster preparedness in Taguig City Universitywith a mean of 3.53.The disaster

preparedness tarpaulin and poster in Taguig City University with a mean of 3.42

have an interpretation of agree while the following are assessed by the

respondent as moderately agree:the Taguig City University are giving pamphlet

regarding disaster preparednesswith a mean of 3.28 and books and references

regarding Disaster preparedness in Taguig City University with a mean of 3.14.

 College of Criminology_____________________Page74
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Respondents Assessment on the level of preparation in the safety and security

measures of Taguig City University onHandling Disaster Preparedness in terms

of Policy

Table 7
Students Management POSO Faculty Overall
Indicators
Policy X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I Rank

1. There are rules and

regulation regarding 3.58 A 3.5 MA 3.46 A 3.32 MA 3.5 MA 5
disaster preparedness in
Taguig City University.
2. There is safety and
security measures
guidelines for disaster 3.61 A 3.27 MA 2.5 MA 3.22 MA 3.56 A 1
preparedness in Taguig
City University.
3. Availability of manual
operation for disaster / 3.66 A 3.1 MA 2.35 MA 3.8 MA 3.30 MA 4
calamities in Taguig City
University.
4. There are programs
and projects for disaster 3.59 A 3.13 MA 3.81 A 3.52 A 3.45 A 2
preparedness in Taguig
City University.
5. There is an integrate
disaster risk reduction
and management 3.63 A 3.3 MA 3.08 MA 3.25 MA 3.45 A 3
education in the school
curricula in Taguig City
University.
Overall Mean score 3.61 A 3.26 MA 2.84 MA 3.89 A 3.45 A
Legend:

X - Mean

V.I - Verbal Interpretation

4.20 – 5.00 - Strongly Agree

3.40 – 4.19 - Agree

2.60 – 3.39 - Moderately Agree

1.80 – 2.59 - Less Agree

1.00 – 1.79 - Not Agree

 College of Criminology_____________________Page75
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Table 7 presents the assessment of the respondentson the level of

preparation in the safety and security measures of Taguig City University on

Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms of Policy.

It illustrates the level of preparation on the safety and security measures of

Taguig City University in handling disaster preparedness in terms of terms of

Policy. The respondentsagree with an overall mean of 3.45.the following were

assessed by the respondents as moderately agree, there is safety and security

measures guidelines for disaster preparedness in Taguig City University

programs and projects for disaster preparedness in Taguig City Universityand an

integrate disaster risk reduction and management education in the school

curricula in Taguig City Universitywith a mean of 3.45, 3.45 and respectively

While theavailability of manual operation for disaster / calamities in Taguig City

University with a mean of 3.30 and rules and regulations regarding disaster

preparedness in Taguig City University with a mean of 3.5 have an interpretation

of moderately agree.
 College of Criminology_____________________Page76
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

2. What are the issues and concerns encountered in the preparation in the

safety and security measures of Taguig City University on handling disaster

preparedness as perceived by the group of respondents in terms of:

2.1 Disaster Drills;

2.2 Logistics;

2.3 Information Drive;

2.4 Policy?
 College of Criminology_____________________Page77
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Respondents Assessment on the issues and concerns in the safety and security

measuresofTaguig City University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms of

Disaster Drills

Table 8
Students Management POSO Faculty Overall
Indicators
Disaster Drill
X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I Rank
1. There are no
earthquake drills and fire 3.52 S 4.13 S 2.0 LS 3.92 S 3.05 MS 4
drills conducted in
Taguig City University.
2. Lack of disaster
preparedness and
response training for the 3.43 S 3.97 S 2.46 LS 3.98 S 3.49 S 2
students of Taguig City
University.
3. Lack of retrieval
operation trainings for 3.36 MS 3.97 S 2.5 LS 4.2 S 3.47 S 3
POSO personnel.
4. Lack of trainings in
search and rescue 3.33 MS 3.9 MS 2.27 LS 3.92 S 3.4 MS 5
operation for POSO
personnel.
5. Lack of Safety and
Security measure 3.39 MS 4.23 VS 2.62 MS 3.85 S 3.51 S 1
training program for
Taguig City University.
Overall Mean score 3.41 S 4.04 S 2.37 MS 3.97 S 3.38 MS
Legend:

X - Mean

V.I - Verbal Interpretation

4.20 – 5.00 - Very Serious (VS)

3.40 – 4.19 - Serious (S)

2.60 – 3.39 - Moderately Serious (MS)

1.80 – 2.59 - Less Serious (LS)

1.00 – 1.79 - Not Serious (NS)

 College of Criminology_____________________Page78
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Table 8 presents the assessment of the respondentsin the issues and

concerns on the preparation in the safety and security measure of Taguig City

University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms of Disaster Drill.

This table shows the issues and concerns on the preparation in the safety

and security measures of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster

preparedness in terms of Disaster Drills. It is known in the table that the

respondents rate this as moderately serious with an overall mean of 3.38, the

respondents took the following as serious; lack of Safety and Security measure

training program for Taguig City University with a mean of 3.51;lack of disaster

preparedness and response training for the students of Taguig City University

with a mean of 3.49; lack of retrieval operation trainings for POSO personnel with

a mean of 3.47; While the following were assessed by the respondents as

moderately seriousthere are no earthquake drills and fire drills conducted in

Taguig City University with a mean of 3.05 and lack of trainings in search and

rescue operation for POSO personnel with a mean of 3.4.

 College of Criminology_____________________Page79
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Respondents Assessment on the issues and concerns in the safety and security

measures of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms

of Logistics

Table 9
Students Management POSO Faculty Overall
Indicators
Logistics
X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I Rank
1. Insufficiency of new
equipment and lack of 3.79 S 4.07 S 3.73 S 4.05 S 3.88 S 1
maintenance in warning
devices.
2. Lack of building
inspections and 3.5 S 4.03 S 3.92 S 3.75 S 3.81 S 2
maintenance.
3. Insufficiency of
medicines, medical 3.6 S 4.9 S 3.77 S 3.95 S 3.73 S 3
facilities and medical
equipment.
4. Insufficiency of
maintenance for 3.73 S 4.03 S 3.72 S 3.8 MS 3.73 S 4
ambulance and disaster
response vehicle.
5. Lack of tents and other
temporary shelter 3.58 S 4.03 S 3.96 S 3.95 S 3.69 S 5
facilities for evacuation
center.
Overall Mean score 3.64 S 4.01 S 3.53 S 3.84 S 3.75 S
Legend:

X - Mean

V.I - Verbal Interpretation

4.20 – 5.00 - Very Serious (VS)

3.40 – 4.19 - Serious (S)

2.60 – 3.39 - Moderately Serious (MS)

1.80 – 2.59 - Less Serious (LS)

1.00 – 1.79 - Not Serious (NS)

 College of Criminology_____________________Page80
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Table 9 presents the assessment of the respondents on the issues and

concern on the preparation in the safety and security measures of Taguig City

University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms of Logistics.

The table shows the issues and concerns in the preparation in the safety

and security measures of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster

preparedness in terms of Logistics. It is seen in the table that the respondents

took itas serious with an overall mean of 3.75. The following were assessed by

the respondents as serious: Insufficiency of new equipment and lack of

maintenance in warning deviceswith a mean of 3.88;Lack of building inspections

and maintenance with a mean of 3.81;Insufficiency of medicines, medical

facilities and medical equipment with a mean of 3.73; Insufficiency of

maintenance for ambulance and disaster response vehicle with a mean of 3.73;

andlack of tents and other temporary shelter facilities for evacuation center with a

mean of 3.69.
 College of Criminology_____________________Page81
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Respondents Assessment on the issues and concerns in the safety and security

measures of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms

of Information Drive

Table 10
Students Management POSO Faculty Overall
Indicators
Information Drive
X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I Rank
1. Lack of disaster
awareness program for
the students, faculty, 3.62 S 4.07 S 3.92 S 3.92 S 3.71 S 1
management of Taguig
City University and
POSO personnel.
2. Lack of T.V screen
that is showing disaster 3.48 S 4.37 VS 3.23 MS 3.65 S 3.62 S 4
preparedness in Taguig
City University.
3. Lack of disaster
preparedness tarpaulin 3.45 S 4.1 S 3.85 MS 3.72 S 3.66 S 3
and poster in Taguig
City University.
4. Insufficiency of
pamphlet regarding 3.52 S 4.1 S 3.12 S 3.82 S 3.62 S 5
disaster preparedness in
Taguig City University.
5. Lack of books and
references regarding 3.43 S 4.1 S 3.77 MS 3.8 MS 3.67 S 2
disaster preparedness in
Taguig City University.
Overall Mean score 3.5 S 4.15 S 3.88 MS 3.78 S 3.66 S
Legend:

X - Mean

V.I. - Verbal Interpretation

4.20 – 5.00 - Very Serious (VS)

3.40 – 4.19 - Serious (S)

2.60 – 3.39 - Moderately Serious (MS)

1.80 – 2.59 - Less Serious (LS)

1.00 – 1.79 - Not Serious (NS)

 College of Criminology_____________________Page82
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Table 10 presents the assessment of the respondents on the issues and

concern on the preparation in the safety and security measures of Taguig City

University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms of Information Drive.

This table shows the issues and concerns in the preparation in the safety

and security measures of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster

preparedness in terms of Information Drive. It is seen in the above table that the

respondents took it serious with an overall mean of 3.66, the following were

assessed as serious, lack of disaster awareness program for the students,

faculty, management of Taguig City University and POSO personnel with a mean

of 3.71; lack of T.V screen that shows disaster preparedness in Taguig City

University with a mean of 3.62; lack of disaster preparedness tarpaulin and

poster in Taguig City University with a mean of 3.66l; insufficiency of pamphlet

regarding disaster preparedness in Taguig City University with a mean of 3.62;

and lack of books and references regarding disaster preparedness in Taguig City

University with a mean of 3.67.

 College of Criminology_____________________Page83
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Respondents an Assessment on the issues and concerns in the safety and

security measures of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster Preparedness

in terms of Policy

Table 11
Students Management POSO Faculty Overall
Indicators
Policy X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I Rank
1. Lack of
implementation of rules
and regulation regarding 3.76 S 4.2 S 3.85 S 3.92 S 3.87 S 1
disaster preparedness in
Taguig City University.
2. Insufficiency of safety
and security measures 3.67 S 4.1 S 3.23 MS 3.92 S 3.72 S 4
guidelines for disaster
preparedness in Taguig
City University.
3. Lack of standard
manual operation for 3.68 S 4.1 S 3.62 S 3.8 MS 3.76 S 3
disaster / calamities in
Taguig City University.
4. Lack of
implementation of
program and project for 3.64 S 4.1 S 3.81 S 3.35 MS 3.78 S 2
disaster preparedness in
Taguig City University.
5. Lack of curricula in
disaster risk education
and management 3.67 S 3.97 S 3.85 S 3.95 S 3.66 S 5
education in Taguig City
University.
Overall Mean score 3.68 S 4.09 S 3.47 S 3.79 S 3.76 S
Legend:

X - Mean

V.I. - Verbal Interpretation

4.20 – 5.00 - Very Serious (VS)

3.40 – 4.19 - Serious (S)

2.60 – 3.39 - Moderately Serious (MS)

1.80 – 2.59 - Less Serious (LS)

1.00 – 1.79 - Not Serious (NS)

 College of Criminology_____________________Page84
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Table 11 presents the assessment of the respondents on the issues and

concern in the preparation on the safety and security measures of Taguig City

University in Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms of Policy.

The table shows the issues and concerns in the preparation on the safety

and security measures of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster

preparedness in terms of Policy. It is seen in the table that the respondents took

it serious with an overall mean of 3.76; The following assessed as serious; lack

of implementation of rules and regulation regarding disaster preparedness in

Taguig City University with a mean of 3.87; Insufficiency of safety and security

measures guidelines for disaster preparedness in Taguig City University with a

mean of 3.72; lack of standard manual operation for disaster / calamities in

Taguig City University with a mean of 3.76; lack of implementation of program

and project for disaster preparedness in Taguig City University with a mean of

3.78; and lack of curricular in disaster risk education and management education

in Taguig City University with a mean of 3.66.

 College of Criminology_____________________Page85
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

3. What measures to be proposed in addressing the issues and concerns

encountered on the level of preparation in the safety and security measures of

Taguig City University on handling disaster preparedness in terms of:

3.1 Disaster Drills;

3.2 Logistics;

3.3 Information Drive;

3.4 Policy?
 College of Criminology_____________________Page86
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Respondents Assessment on the proposed measures in the preparation in the

safety and security measures ofTaguig City University on Handling Disaster

Preparedness in terms of Disaster Drills

Table 12
Students Management POSO Faculty Overall
Indicators
Disaster Drills
X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I Rank
1. Conduct a regular
earthquake and fire drills 4.39 R 4.4 R 3.37 R 4.48 HR 4.30 HR 1
in Taguig City
University.
2. Conduct a regular
disaster and response 4.2 R 4.27 HR 3.54 R 4.32 HR 4.15 R 5
training for the students
of Taguig City
University.
3. There must be regular
retrieval operation 4.18 R 4.47 HR 3.54 R 4.4 R 4.16 R 3
training for POSO
personnel.
4. Conduct a regular
search and rescue 4.15 R 4.27 HR 3.73 R 4.4 R 4.16 R 4
operation training for
POSO personnel.
5. Create a program for
safety and security 4.12 R 4.4 R 3.23 MR 4.35 HR 4.22 HR 2
measures training for
Taguig City University.
Overall Mean score 4.21 HR 4.36 HR 3.70 R 4.39 HR 4.20 HR
Legend:

X - Mean

V.I. - Verbal Interpretation

4.20 – 5.00 - Highly Recommended (HR)

3.40 – 4.19 - Recommended (R)

2.60 – 3.39 - Moderately Recommended (MR)

1.80 – 2.59 - Less Recommended (LR)

1.00 – 1.79 - Not Recommended (NR)

 College of Criminology_____________________Page87
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Table 12 presents the assessment of the respondents on the proposed

measure to enhance the preparation on the safety and security measures of

Taguig City University in Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms of Disaster

Drill.

The tableshows the proposed measure to enhance the preparation on the

safety and security measures of Taguig City University in Handling Disaster

preparedness in terms of Disaster Drills. The table has an overall mean of 4.20

with an interpretation of highly recommended. The respondent’s rate the

following as recommended; conduct a regular disaster and response training for

the students of Taguig City University with a mean of 4.15;there must be regular

retrieval operation training for POSO personnel with a mean of 4.16 and conduct

a regular search and rescue operation training for POSO personnel with a mean

of 4.16. The following are rated by the respondents as highly recommended:

Conduct a regular earthquake and fire drills in Taguig City University with a mean

of 4.30 and Create a program for safety and security measures training for

Taguig City University with a mean of 4.22.

 College of Criminology_____________________Page88
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Respondents Assessment on the proposed measures in the preparation in the

safety and security measures of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster

Preparedness in terms of Logistics

Table 13
Students Management POSO Faculty Overall
Indicators
Logistics
X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I Rank
1. Provide new disaster
equipment and conduct 4.29 HR 4.33 HR 3.73 R 4.23 HR 4.23 HR 3
a regular maintenance
for warning devices.
2. Conduct a regular
building inspections and 4.21 HR 4.27 HR 3.73 R 4.3 R 4.12 R 5
maintenance.
3. Provide a new
medicines and medical 4.29 HR 4.43 HR 4.0 R 4.38 HR 4.29 HR 1
facilities and modern
medical equipment’s.
4. Conduct regular
maintenance and
provide a modern 4.19 R 4.43 HR 4.04 R 4.45 HR 4.26 HR 2
ambulance and disaster
response vehicle.
5. Provide new tents
and shelter facilities and
conduct a plan for 4.12 R 4.43 HR 3.58 R 4.42 HR 4.17 R 4
proper evacuation
center.
Overall Mean score 4.22 HR 4.38 HR 3.82 R 4.36 HR 4.21 HR
Legend:

X - Mean

V.I. - Verbal Interpretation

4.20 – 5.00 - Highly Recommended (HR)

3.40 – 4.19 - Recommended (R)

2.60 – 3.39 - Moderately Recommended (MR)

1.80 – 2.59 - Less Recommended (LR)

1.00 – 1.79 - Not Recommended (NR)

 College of Criminology_____________________Page89
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Table 13 presents the assessment of the respondents on the proposed

measure to enhance the preparation on the safety and security measures of

Taguig City University in Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms of Logistics.

The table shows the proposed measure to enhance the preparation on the

safety and security measures of Taguig City University in Handling Disaster

preparedness in terms of Logistics; it has overall mean of 4.21 an interpretation

of highly recommended. The respondents rate the following as highly

recommended; Provide new disaster equipment and conduct a regular

maintenance for warning devices with a mean of 4.23;Provide a new medicines

and medical facilities and modern medical equipment’swith a mean of 4.29;

and,Conduct regular maintenance and provide a modern ambulance and disaster

response vehicle with a mean of 4.26 While the following are rated as

recommended; Conduct a regular building inspections and maintenance with a

mean of 4.12 and Provide new tents and shelter facilities and conduct a plan for

proper evacuation center with a mean of 4.17.

 College of Criminology_____________________Page90
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Respondents Assessment on the proposed measures in the preparation in the

safety and security measures of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster

Preparedness in terms of Information Drive

Table 14
Students Management POSO Faculty Overall
Indicators
Information Drive
X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I Rank
1. Conduct disaster
awareness program for
the students, faculty, 4.39 HR 4.5 R 3.77 R 4.6 R 4.37 HR 2
management and POSO
personnel in Taguig City
University.
2. Provide a T.V screen
that is showing disaster 4.12 R 4.33 HR 4.04 R 4.48 HR 4.26 HR 3
preparedness in Taguig
City University.
3. Provide a disaster
preparedness tarpaulin 4.12 R 4.3 R 3.62 R 4.42 HR 4.14 R 4
and poster in Taguig
City University.
4. Provide a pamphlet
regarding disaster 4.01 R 4.33 HR 4.31 HR 4.35 HR 4.0 R 5
preparedness in Taguig
City University.
5. Provide books and
reference regarding 4.08 R 4.43 HR 3.58 R 4.4 R 4.43 HR 1
disaster preparedness in
Taguig City university.
Overall Mean score 4.14 R 4.38 HR 3.86 R 4.45 HR 4.25 HR
Legend:

X - Mean

V.I. - Verbal Interpretation

4.20 – 5.00 - Highly Recommended (HR)

3.40 – 4.19 - Recommended (R)

2.60 – 3.39 - Moderately Recommended (MR)

1.80 – 2.59 - Less Recommended (LR)

1.00 – 1.79 - Not Recommended (NR)

 College of Criminology_____________________Page91
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Table 14 presents the assessment of the respondents on the proposed

measure to enhance the preparation on the safety and security measures of

Taguig City University in Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms of Information

Drive.

The table shows the proposed measure to enhance the preparation on the

safety and security measures of Taguig City University in Handling Disaster

preparedness in terms of Information Drive. it has an overall mean of 4.25 with

an interpretation of highly recommended. respondents rate the following as

highly recommended;Conduct disaster awareness program for the students,

faculty, management and POSO personnel in Taguig City University with a mean

of 4.37;Provide a T.V screen that is showing disaster preparedness in Taguig

City Universitywith a mean of 4.26 and provide books and reference regarding

disaster preparedness in Taguig City universitywith a mean of 4.43 while the

following were rate by the respondents as recommended.Provide a disaster

preparedness tarpaulin and poster and provide a pamphlet regarding disaster

preparedness in TaguigCity University with means of 4.14 and 4.0 respectively.

 College of Criminology_____________________Page92
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Respondents Assessment on the proposed measures in the preparation in the

safety and security measures of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster

Preparedness in terms of Policy

Table 15
Students Management POSO Faculty Overall
Indicators
Policy
X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I. X V.I Rank
1. Make an
implementation rules
and regulation regarding 4.37 HR 4.4 R 4.0 R 4.55 HR 4.36 HR 1
disaster preparedness in
Taguig City University.
2. Provide safety and
security measure
guidelines for disaster 4.39 HR 4.43 HR 3.77 R 4.48 HR 4.33 HR 2
preparedness in Taguig
City University.
3. Develop a standard
manual operation for 4.32 HR 4.3 R 3.92 R 4.45 HR 4.29 HR 3
disaster / calamities in
Taguig City University.
4. Make an
implementation program
and project for disaster 4.2 R 4.33 HR 3.65 R 4.35 HR 4.18 R 4
preparedness in Taguig
City University.
5. Make a curriculum in
disaster risk reduction
and management 4.28 HR 4.27 HR 3.38 MR 4.4 R 4.2 R 5
education in Taguig City
University.
Overall Mean score 4.31 HR 4.35 HR 3.74 R 4.45 HR 4.27 HR
Legend:

X - Mean

V.I. - Verbal Interpretation

4.20 – 5.00 - Highly Recommended (HR)

3.40 – 4.19 - Recommended (R)

2.60 – 3.39 - Moderately Recommended (MR)

1.80 – 2.59 - Less Recommended (LR)

1.00 – 1.79 - Not Recommended (NR)

 College of Criminology_____________________Page93
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Table 15 presents the assessment of the respondents on the proposed

measure to enhance the preparation on the safety and security measures of

Taguig City University in Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms of Policy.

The table shows the proposed measure to enhance the preparation on the

safety and security measures ofTaguig City University in Handling Disaster

preparedness in terms of Policy. An overall mean of 4.27 with an interpretation of

highly recommended. The respondents rate the following as highly

recommended; make an implementation rules and regulation regarding disaster

preparedness in Taguig City University with a mean of 4.36;Provide safety and

security measure guidelines for disaster preparedness in Taguig City University

with a mean of 4.33;Develop a standard manual operation for disaster /

calamities in Taguig City University with a mean of 4.29; and the following were

rated as recommended:Make an implementation program and project for disaster

preparedness in Taguig City University with a mean of 4.18 and Make a

curriculum in disaster risk reduction and management education in Taguig City

University with a mean of 4.2.

 College of Criminology_____________________Page94
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Sub problem no 2. There is no significant difference on the assessment of

the groups of respondents on the level of preparation on the safety and security

measures of Taguig City University in handling disaster preparedness?

I. Statement of Hypothesis

H0 =There is no significant difference on the assessment of the groups of

respondents on the level of preparation on the safety and security

measures of Taguig City University in handling disaster preparedness.

H1 = There is a significant difference on the assessment of the groups of

respondents on the level of preparation on the safety and security

measures of Taguig City University in handling disaster preparedness.

II. Statistical test

F =MSSB
FORMULA: MSSW

Where: F = Anova

M = Mean

SS = Sum Square

B = Between

W = Within

III.Level Significance, Degree of freedom and Critical Value

α= 0.05 dfB = 3

CV = 3.86 dfW = 9
 College of Criminology_____________________Page95
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

IV. Computed F value

INDICATORS STUDENT MANAGEMENT

X1 X12 X2 X22
Disaster Drill 3.4 11.56 3.28 10.76
Logistics 3.8 14.44 3.71 13.76
Information Drive 3.44 11.83 3.44 11.83
Policy 3.16 13.03 3.26 10.63
∑X1 =14.25 ∑X2=13.69
X1=3.56 ∑X12=50.86 X2=3.42 ∑X22=46.98
n1=4 n2=4

INDICATORS POSO FACULTY

X3 X32 X4 X42
Disaster Drill 3.07 9.42 3.33 11.09
Logistics 3.76 14.14 3.34 11.16
Information Drive 3.51 12.32 3.04 9.24
Policy 2.84 8.07 3.89 15.13
∑x3=13.18 ∑x4=13.6
X3=3.30 ∑x32=43.95 X4=3.40 ∑x42=46.62
N3=4 N4=4

F=MSB ; MSB=SSB and MSW=SsW ; SSB=∑(∑X)2 - (∑X)2 ;

MSW dfbdfwn1 N

SSW = SSt – SSB; Sst=∑x2-(∑x2);dfB=C-1=3

N dfw=C(R-1)=9

SsB=(14.25)2+ (13.69)2 + (13.18)2 + (13.6)2 - (14.25+13.69 + 13.18 +13.6)2

4 4 4 4 16

=50.76 + 46.85 + 43.43 + 46.24 – 187.14

=187.28 – 187.114

SSB=0.11
 College of Criminology_____________________Page96
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

SSt= x2 – (∑x)2
IV

=50.86 + 46.98 +43.95 +46.62 – 187.14

SSt = 1.27 dfB=C-1=3

SSw=SSt-SSB dfw=C(R-1)=9

=1.27 – 0.11

SSW=1.16

MSB=SSB=0.11=0.04
dfB 3

MSW=SSW=1.16=0.13
dfw9

F=MSB=0.04=0.31
MSW0.13

Anova table at α=0.05

Source Degree of Sum of Mean F-value Tabular Decision
of freedoms square square computed
variation
Between 3 0.11 0.04 0.31 3.46 Accept H0
group
Within 9 1.16 0.13
group
Total 12 1.27 0.17

Conclusion: There is no significant difference between the assessments of the

four groups of respondent on the level of preparation on the safety and security

measuresofTaguig City University in handling disaster preparedness.

 College of Criminology_____________________Page97
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Chapter 5

Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions drawn from

the findings and the recommendations.

The study attempted to assess the preparation on the safety and

security measures of Taguig City University in handling disaster preparedness.

The study specifically answered the following sub-problems:

1. What is the demographic profile of the group of the respondent in terms

of:

1.1. Age;

1.2 Gender;

1.3 Designation?

2. What is the level of preparationon the safety and security measures of

Taguig City University in handling Disaster preparedness in terms of:

2.1Disaster Drills (Earthquake drills, Fire Drills, Flood Drills)

2.2Logistics

2.3Information drive

2.4 Policy

3. Is there any significant difference on the perception of the groups of the

respondents on the level of preparation on the safety and security measures of

Taguig City University in handling disaster preparedness?

 College of Criminology_____________________Page98
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

4. What are the issues and concerns encountered in the preparation on

the safety and security measures of the Taguig City University as perceived by

the group of respondents in terms of the above-cited variables?

5. What measures to be proposed in addressing the issues and concerns

encountered on the level of preparation on the safety and security measures of

Taguig City University in handling disaster preparedness?

6. What Criminal Justice Development Program may be proposed to

enhance the level of preparation on the safety and security measures of Taguig

City University in handling disaster preparedness?

The researchers hypothesized that there is no significant difference on the

assessment of the groups of respondents on the level of preparation on the

safety and security measures of Taguig City University in handling disaster

preparedness.

The groups of respondents had a total number of 196. The first group of

respondents was composed of 100 representatives from the student of Taguig

City University. The second group of respondents was composed of 30

representatives from the management of Taguig City University. The third group

of respondents was composed of 26 participants from the POSO personnel that

are deployed in Taguig City University and fourth group of respondents was

composed of 40 participants from the faculty of Taguig City University.

The researchers used a survey questionnaire as a primary instrument in

gathering the data, interview, internet research and library research was also

used by the researchers as part of gathering data.

 College of Criminology_____________________Page99
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Summary of findings

The level of preparation in the safety and security measures of Taguig City

University on Handling Disaster Preparedness are assessed by the respondents

as agree and moderately agree.

The student, management, POSO personnel and faculty in Taguig City

University had the same assessment in the level of preparation on the safety and

security measures of Taguig City University in handling Disaster Preparedness.

The issues and concerns on the preparation in the safety and security

measures of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster Preparedness are

assessed by the respondents from moderately serious to serious.

The proposed measures on the preparation in the safety and security

measures of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster Preparedness are

assessed as highly recommended.

Conclusions

1. The demographic profile of the groups of respondents:

Age: The respondents from the age of 16 to 20 years old got the rank 1, rank 2;

31 to 35, rank 3; 56 to 40, rank 4; 21 to 25, rank 5; 26 to 30, rank 6.5; 41 to 45

and 46 to 50, rank 8; 51 to 55, rank 9; 61 and above and 56 to 60 got the lowest

rank among the age of the respondents which is rank 10.

Gender: The female got the rank 1 while the male got the rank 2

Designation: The students got the first rank, faculty got the second rank,

management got the third rank and the POSO personnel got the lowest rank

which is rank 4.
 College of Criminology_____________________Page100
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

2. The level of preparation in the safety and security measures of Taguig

City University on handling disaster preparedness in terms of Disaster Drill,

logistics, information drive, policy. The aforementioned university is not prepared

based on the said indicators but not as a whole because there are certain areas

in Taguig City University like logistics and information drive that they are slightly

prepared.

3. The student, management, POSO personnel and faculty in Taguig City

University had the same assessment in the level of preparation on the safety and

security measures of Taguig City University in handling Disaster Preparedness.

Therefore,the respondents have the same opinion and observation on the

preparation of Taguig City University in handling Disaster preparedness.

4. The issues and concerns from Disaster drill, Logistics, Information drive

and Policy were assessed by the four groups of respondents as serious to

moderately serious. Therefore the respondent has a serious observation that the

Taguig City University has lapses when it comes to the aforementioned

variables.

5. The proposed measures for the issues and concern of Disaster drills,

logistics, information drive and policy were assessed by the four groups of

respondents as highly recommended to recommended. Therefore the

respondent has the same suggestion that the said University must provide and

develop a program that would help the Taguig City University on how to handle

the safety and security measures in handling Disaster preparedness.

 College of Criminology_____________________Page101
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Recommendations

1. Coordination among the students, management, POSO personnel and

faculty members, in order to implement the safety and security measures in

handling disaster preparedness to the fullest extent and to have a good flow of

effort to lessen or prevent the casualties.

2. Conduct a comprehensive training program on the safety and security

measures in Taguig City University on handling disaster preparedness in order

to the occupant of the said University to became aware and knowledgeable when

it comes to disaster preparedness.

3. The Taguig City University must provide new disaster equipment, tents,

medical equipment, medicines, medical facilities and shelter facilities. Conduct a

regular building inspection and maintenance and make a proper plan for

evacuation center.

4. To disseminate the information regarding to the safety and security

measures on handling disaster preparedness. The Taguig City University must

provide a TV screen that shows disaster preparedness, tarpaulin, posters,

pamphlets and books. Conduct a disaster awareness program to inform the

occupants of the aforementioned University to become aware and ready in any

kind of disaster.

5. The result of this study can use as a reference to make a new

implementation rules and regulation and it can help the Taguig City University to

create a development program regarding disaster preparedness.

 College of Criminology_____________________Page102
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Criminal Justice Development Program

A Criminal Justice Development program was created in a form, of matrix;

it is composed of objective, program, strategy, responsible person, time frame

sources of fund and expected outcome. It is the answer to the recommendation

given by the researchers that is intends to strengthen the proposed measures, to

improve the readiness and awareness in the safety and security measures of

TaguigCity University in handling disaster preparedness.

The program created is achievable, specific, and realisticand time bound.

It includes the following program:

1. To conduct a different disaster drill and training that will be participated

by the occupant and to exercise their physical and mental readiness and

awareness regarding the safety and security measures of Taguig City University

in handling disaster preparedness.

2. To conduct a disaster awareness program that will be attended by the

students, faculty, management and POSO personnel and to discuss timely and

efficiently the important issues about the subject matter to the respective

institution that is concern regarding disaster preparedness.

3. To make an implementation rules and regulation, procedures and

guidelines in the safety and security measures of Taguig City University on

handling disaster preparedness which is need to follow and obey by the students,

management, faculty and POSO personnel.

4. To provide disaster equipment and disaster vehicle response,

ambulance and medical needs in Taguig City University.

 College of Criminology_____________________Page103
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Criminal Justice Development Program

Table 16

PROGRAM OBJECTIVE STRATEGY RESPONSIBLE TIME SOURCES EXPECTED

ACTIVITY OFFICE/PERSON FRAME OF FUND OUTCOME
PLAN
Disaster drill to develop the In-door and Management, 2015 – Taguig City The Taguig
and training skills and out-door students, faculty, 2020 University City University
program physical training POSO personnel and local will become
awareness and program at of Taguig City government aware and
readiness of least 150 University, 50 pesos prepared in any
every individual participant Local government per disaster that
in Taguig City per session Unit of Taguig participant may arise in
University City, National Risk With an the said
Reduction overall University
Management budget of
office and 7,500 pesos
Philippine red
cross
Seminars To enhance the In-door Management of 2015 - Taguig City Individuals in
regarding the knowledge and program at Taguig City 2020 Government Taguig City
safety and become more least 200 University, ( local University will
security knowledgeable participant personnel in government) become
measures of when it comes per session National Risk 150 pesos educated and
Taguig City to disaster Reduction per familiar on how
University on preparedness Management participant to manage
handling office of Taguig With an disaster
disaster City government overall preparedness
preparedness and Philippine red budget of
cross 30,000
pesos

Implementation To implement In-door and Management, 2015 - Local the occupant of

of rules and the Do’s and out-door students, faculty 2025 government taguig city
regulation Don’ts before program all and POSO and Taguig university will
regarding and during the personnel of city become aware
safety and disaster occupant of Taguig City university and
security taguig city University P100,000 knowledgeable
measures of university For on handling
Taguig City pamphlet disaster
University in and preparedness
handling guidelines
disaster handbook
preparedness
Providing To ensure the program for Taguig City 2015 - Local The occupant
disaster safety of every the University 2025 government will become
equipment, individual in equipments and Taguig comfortable
disaster vehicle Taguig City of Taguig City and safe
response, University City University inTaguig City
ambulance and University P300,000 University
medical needs For all new
disaster
equipment
 College of Criminology_____________________Page104
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

Philippine Disaster Preparedness System for Natural Hazards Punongbayan

2003

Milagros L. Fernandez, MD, MPH. the Predisaster Preparedness Program of the

Department of Health

Emmanuel M. de Guzman Project A.L.E.R.T.: Promoting Emergency

Preparedness and Public Safety through Training and Public Health Education

Emmanuel M. Lunafrom Victims to Partners: A Reflection on People’s

Experiences in Community Disaster Management

ZenaidadelicaWillson, Integrating Disaster Risk Management in Local

Governance

AnneliesHeljmans and Lorna P. Victoria, Experiences and practices in Disaster

Management of the Citizens Disaster Response Network in the Philippines

Ebinezer R. Florano, Ph.D. Roles of community and communal law in Disaster

management in the Philippines

Ladislao N. Yuchongco Jr. Philippine Health Sector’s Response to Health

Emergencies and Disasters 2003

Earthquake Impact Reduction for Metropolitan Manila 2004

Jason Christopher Rayos, Community-driven disaster intervention: Experiences

of the Homeless People’s Federation Philippines 2010

Ma. Lynn Paladio- Melo Santos, Capacity- Building for earthquake disaster
preparedness and mitigation through creative.2006

UNPUBLISHED THESIS

Edsel Rio Bactedon (2010) in his study “The Awareness in the Disaster
Preparedness and climate change of the people in jalajala”

Bernardo Rafaelito R. Alejandro IV (2010) according to his study “Disaster

Management Preparedness of the province of Albay”

Primitivo T. Tabujara, jr. (2004) base on his study “The implementation of

Disaster Preparedness Program in Antipolo City.
 College of Criminology_____________________Page105
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

INTERNET SOURCES

http://www2.kent.edu/sociology/resources/jaee/upload/article_2.pdf

http://www.redcross.ca/crc/documents/3-1-3-1-Independent-Impact-Analysis.pdf

http://www.ifrc.org/FedNet/Resources_and_Services/IDRL/IDRL%20reports/IDR
L%20in%20Colombia%20-%20Summary%20version.pdf

http://ncpag.upd.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/ROLE-OF-COMMUNITY-
AND-COMMUNAL-LAW-IN-DISASTER-MANAGEMENT-IN-THE-PHILIPPINES-
EROPA-2013-1.pdf

http://www.ifrc.org/Global/Case%20studies/Disasters/cs-philippines.pdf

http://hems.doh.gov.ph/uploads/publication_attachments/ec0b325a4fc71fc4b7af1
f2ab569dd975535595b.pdf

http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/020_E_SUMMARY_01.PDF

http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/10587IIED.pdf

https://gspp.berkeley.edu/assets/uploads/research/pdf/research-brief-no-
9_final.pdf

file:///C:/Users/Bahay/Downloads/research%20brief%20no%2010_final.pdf

http://www.ipublishing.co.in/ijesarticles/twelve/articles/voltwo/EIJES3153.pdf

http://donbalderas.hubpages.com/hub/Disaster-Risk-Reduction-and-
Management-Bicol-Experience

LAWS AND STATUTE

Republic Act 10121 or the Philippine Disaster and Risk Reduction Management
Act of 2010
 College of Criminology_____________________Page106
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

APPENDIX A

LETTER TO THE RESPONDENT

September, 2014

Dear Respondent,

Greetings!

We are the students from BS Criminology (4th year) are currently

conducting a research entitled “An Assessment on the safety and Security
Measures in Taguig City University in Handling Disaster Preparedness”

In this connection, may we request your generous time to answer the

survey questionnaires honestly and objectively as you can.

In line with this, your answer will be treated with utmost confidentiality and
will be served only for this study as a basis to determine the preparation in the
safety and security measures of Taguig City University in Handling Disaster
Preparedness. The main purpose of this study is to formulate a proposed
program which may help the administration to ensure the safety and security
when it comes to disaster preparedness.

Thank you very much, more power and God bless.

Truly yours,

Sedrik T. Gumop-as
Group leader
 College of Criminology_____________________Page107
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

APPENDIX B

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

The objective of this survey questionnaire is to determine the preparation in the

safety and security measures of Taguig City University in Handling Disaster
Preparedness.

Part I. Profile of the Respondents

Directions: Please fill up the blanks and put check mark (/) in the appropriate
boxes that best describes you.

1. Name (Optional): ____________________________________________

2. Age: 16 – 20 years old 41 – 45 years old

21 – 25 years old 46 – 50 years old

26 – 30 years old 51 – 55 years old

31 – 35 years old 56 – 60 years old

36 – 40 years old 61 years old and above

3. Sex: Male: Female:

4. Designation : _________________________________________________

Part II. Please put a check (/) mark to the appropriate boxes that best described
your beliefs by consulting the Table of Equivalent.

Table of Equivalents
5 Strongly Agree(SA)
4 Agree (A)
3 Moderately Agree (MA)
2 Less Agree (LA)
1 Not Agree (NA)
1. A. Level of preparation in the safety and security measures of Taguig City
University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms of:
a. Disaster Drills;
b. Logistics;
c. Information Drive; and,
 College of Criminology_____________________Page108
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

d. Policy;
Indicators or Particulars SA A MA LA NA
Disaster Drill (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1.There is Earthquake drill and fire drill in in Taguig
City University.
2.There is disaster preparedness and response
training for the students of Taguig City University.
3.There is Retrieval operation trainings for POSO
personnel.
4.There is training in Search and rescue operation for
POSO personnel.
5.There is a Safety and Security measure training
program for Taguig City University.

1. B. Level of preparation in the safety and security measures of Taguig City

University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms of:
Indicators or Particulars SA A MA LA NA
Logistics (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1.There are Disaster equipment’s and warning
devices such as fire extinguisher, fire hose,
sprinklers and fire alarm.
2.TheTaguig City University is conducting building
inspection and maintenance.
3.There are available Medicines, Medical facilities
and medical equipment
4.Availability of ambulance and disaster response
vehicle.
5.There are Tents and other temporary shelter
facilities for evacuation center.
 College of Criminology_____________________Page109
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

1. C. Level of preparation in the safety and security measures of Taguig City

University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms of:
Indicators or Particulars SA A MA LA NA
Information drive (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1.There is Disaster awareness program for the
students, faculty, management and POSO personnel
in Taguig City University.
2.There are T.V screen that is showing disaster
preparedness in Taguig City University.
3.There are disaster preparedness tarpaulin and
poster in Taguig City University.
4.TheTaguig City University are giving pamphlet
regarding disaster preparedness.
5.There are books and references regarding Disaster
preparedness in Taguig City University.

1. D. Level of preparation in the safety and security measures of Taguig City

University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms of:
Indicators or Particulars SA A MA LA NA
Policy (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1.There are rules and regulation regarding disaster
preparedness in Taguig City University.
2.There is safety and security measures guidelines
for disaster preparedness in Taguig City University.
3.Availability of manual operation for disaster /
calamities in Taguig City University.
4.There are programs and projects for disaster
preparedness in Taguig City University.
5.There is an integrate disaster risk reduction and
management education in the school curricula in
Taguig City University.
 College of Criminology_____________________Page110
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

Part II. Please put a check (/) mark to the appropriate boxes that best described
your beliefs by consulting the Table of Equivalent.
Table of Equivalents
5 Very Serious (VS)
4 Serious (S)
3 Moderately Serious (MS)
2 Less Serious (LS)
1 Not Serious (NS)
2. A. Issues and concerns in the preparation in the safety and security measures
of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms of:
a. Disaster Drills;
b. Logistics;
c. Information Drive; and,
d. Policy;
Indicators or Particulars VS S MS LS NS
Disaster Drill (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1.There are no earthquake drills and fire drills
conducted in Taguig City University.
2.Lack of disaster preparedness and response
training for the students of Taguig City University.
3.Lack of retrieval operation trainings for POSO
personnel.
4.Lack of trainings in search and rescue operation for
POSO personnel.
5.Lack of Safety and Security measure training
program for Taguig City University.
 College of Criminology_____________________Page111
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

2. B. Issues and concerns in the preparation in the safety and security measures
of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms of:
Indicators or Particulars VS S MS LS NS
Logistics (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1.Insufficiency of new equipment and lack of
maintenance in warning devices.
2.Lack of building inspections and maintenance.

3.Insufficiency of medicines, medical facilities and

medical equipment.
4.Insufficiency of maintenance for ambulance and
disaster response vehicle.
5.Lack of tents and other temporary shelter facilities
for evacuation center.

2. C. Issues and concerns in the preparation in the safety and security measures
of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms of:
Indicators or Particulars VS S MS LS NS
Information drive (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1.Lack of disaster awareness program for the
students, faculty, management of Taguig City
University and POSO personnel.
2.Lack of T.V screen that is showing disaster
preparedness in Taguig City University.
3.Lack of disaster preparedness tarpaulin and poster
in Taguig City University.
4.Insufficiency of pamphlet regarding disaster
preparedness in Taguig City University.
5.Lack of books and references regarding disaster
preparedness in Taguig City University.
 College of Criminology_____________________Page112
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

2. D. Issues and concerns in the preparation in the safety of Taguig City

University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms of:
Indicators or Particulars VS S MS LS NS
Policy (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1.Lack of implementation of rules and regulation
regarding disaster preparedness in Taguig City
University.
2.Insufficiency of safety and security measures
guidelines for disaster preparedness in Taguig City
University.
3.Lack of standard manual operation for disaster /
calamities in Taguig City University.
4.Lack of implementation of program and project for
disaster preparedness in Taguig City University.
5.Lack of curricula in disaster risk education and
management education in Taguig City University.

Part IV. Please put a check (/) mark to the appropriate boxes that best described
your beliefs by consulting the Table of Equivalent.
Table of Equivalents
5 Highly Recommended (HR)
4 Recommended ( R )
3 Moderately Recommended (MR)
2 Less Recommended (LR)
1 Not Recommended (NR)
 College of Criminology_____________________Page113
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

3. A. Proposed measures to enhance the preparation in the safety and security

measures of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms
of:
a. Disaster Drills;
b. Logistics;
c. Information Drive; and,
d. Policy;
Indicators or Particulars HR R MR LR NR
Disaster Drill (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1.Conduct a regular earthquake and fire drills in
Taguig City University.
2.Conduct a regular disaster and response training
for the students of Taguig City University.
3.There must be regular retrieval operation training
for POSO personnel.
4.Conduct a regular search and rescue operation
training for POSO personnel.
5.Create a program for safety and security measures
training for Taguig City University.

3. B. Proposed measures to enhance the preparation in the safety and security

measures of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms
of:
Indicators or Particulars HR R MR LR NR
Logistics (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1.Provide new disaster equipment and conduct a
regular maintenance for warning devices.
2.Conduct a regular building inspections and
maintenance.
3.Provide a new medicines and medical facilities and
modern medical equipment’s.
4.Conduct regular maintenance and provide a
modern ambulance and disaster response vehicle.
5.Provide new tents and shelter facilities and conduct
a plan for proper evacuation center.
 College of Criminology_____________________Page114
TAGUIG CITY UNIVERSITY

3. B. Proposed measures to enhance the preparation in the safety and security

measures of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms
of:
Indicators or Particulars HR R MR LR NR
Information Drive (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1.Conduct disaster awareness program for the
students, faculty, management and POSO personnel
in Taguig City University.
2.Provide a T.V screen that is showing disaster
preparedness in Taguig City University.
3.Provide a disaster preparedness tarpaulin and
poster in Taguig City University.
4.Provide a pamphlet regarding disaster
preparedness in Taguig City University.
5.Provide books and reference regarding disaster
preparedness in Taguig City University.

3. B. Proposed measures to enhance the preparation in the safety and security

measures of Taguig City University on Handling Disaster Preparedness in terms
of:
Indicators or Particulars HR R MR LR NR
Policy (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
1.Make an implementation rules and regulation
regarding disaster preparedness in Taguig City
University.
2.Provide safety and security measure guidelines for
disaster preparedness in Taguig City University.
3.Develop a standard manual operation for disaster /
calamities in Taguig City University.
4.Make an implementation program and project for
disaster preparedness in Taguig City University.
5.Make a curriculum in disaster risk reduction and
management education in Taguig City University.

COMMENTS:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS