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This document contains 11 questions regarding the analysis of crystal structures using X-ray diffraction and Bragg's law. The questions involve determining Miller indices from diffraction patterns, calculating lattice constants and interplanar spacings, identifying crystal structures, drawing unit cells, and calculating properties like number of atoms per unit cell. The crystal structures analyzed include simple cubic, face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic, and hexagonal. X-ray sources include copper K-alpha, molybdenum K-alpha, and silver K-alpha radiation.

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446 views

Assignment

This document contains 11 questions regarding the analysis of crystal structures using X-ray diffraction and Bragg's law. The questions involve determining Miller indices from diffraction patterns, calculating lattice constants and interplanar spacings, identifying crystal structures, drawing unit cells, and calculating properties like number of atoms per unit cell. The crystal structures analyzed include simple cubic, face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic, and hexagonal. X-ray sources include copper K-alpha, molybdenum K-alpha, and silver K-alpha radiation.

Uploaded by

mnz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Materials Science (Assignment 1)

Q. 1 Use Bragg law to find out the indices of the first three reflections in a powder diffraction
pattern taken from a simple cubic crystal.
Q.2 Use Bragg law to find out the indices of the first reflection in a powder diffraction pattern
from fcc structure.
Q.3 Explain why reflection from 100 is absent in diffraction patterns from bcc crystal.

Q. 4 A sample of chromium (Cr) is analyzed by x-ray diffraction using copper Kα radiation for
which λKα = 1.5418 Å. Determine the Miller indices of the plane from which the angle of reflection,
, is 31.4º. The lattice constant of Cr, a, is 2.96 Å. Report your answer in the form (hkl).
Q.5 A crystal of iridium (Ir) (fcc structure) is analyzed by x-ray diffraction through exposure to
molybdenum Kα radiation, for which λKα = 0.721 Å. Calculate the angle of reflection, θ, of the
lowest-index plane present in the diffractogram. The lattice constant of Ir, a, is 3.84 Å.
Q.6 The following diffractometer data (expressed as 2θ) were generated from a specimen
irradiated with silver (Ag) K radiation: 14.10°; 19.98°; 24.57°; 28.41°; 31.85°; 34.98°; 37.89°;
40.61°.
(a) Determine the crystal structure.
(b) Calculate the lattice constant, a.
(c) Assume that the crystal is a pure metal and on the basis of the hard-sphere approximation
calculate the atomic radius.
Q. 7 Using a diffractometer and a radiation of wavelength 1.54 Å, only one reflection from an fcc
material is observed when 2 is 121o. What are the indices of this reflection? What is the
interplannar spacing? Show that the next higher index reflection can not occur.
Q. 8 X-Ray pattern is obtained from an fcc crystal with a = 3.61 Å. X-Rays of wavelength of 1.54
Å is used. Determine the Miller indices of the planes with the lowest and the highest Bragg angles
in this pattern.
Q.9 Only two reflections are observed on the powder pattern of a cubic crystal at Bragg angles of
34.06o and 65.51o. CrKα radiation is used (λ = 2.29 Å). Determine the crystal structure and lattice
parameter. Show that the third and higher reflections cannot occur.
Q.10 fcc lattice can also be represented by a smaller body centered tetragonal cell.
a) Draw an fcc unit cell and the corresponding bct unit cell.
b) How many lattice points are there in each of these cells? Why was the fc cell chosen
conventionally as a representative unit cell for these lattices.
c) As you just showed above, an fcc lattice can be represented using a bct cell. However, not all bct
lattice can be represented by an fcc unit cell. In what special case will a lattice with a bct unit cell
become an fcc lattice?

Q.11 Sb has a hexagonal unit cell with atomic size r = 2.1535 Å and periodicity along the c-direction
is 11.273 Å. If its density is 6697 kg m-3 and its atomic weight is 121.75 amu, calculate the number of
atoms per unit cell of the hexagonal prism.

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