CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background

The novel is a literary work in the form of a long narrative prose, in which there is a
series of stories about the life of a character and people around him by highlighting the nature
and character of each character in the novel

Animal Farm is a satirical political allegory that recasts the Russian Revolution with
animals in place of humans. Old Major is Vladimir Lenin. Napoleon and Snowball correspond
to Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky respectively. After the communist revolution, Stalin exiled
Trotsky just as Napoleon exiles Snowball.

Orwell uses dramatic irony in scenes where the reader knows more than the animals,
such as when Squealer claims that Boxer died in a hospital while receiving the best medical
treatment. In reality, Napoleon sent Boxer to a glue factory to be slaughtered.

Orwell draws on traditional fairy tales, folktales, and fables in Animal Farm. He
subtitled the novel "A Fairy Story," indicating that the narrative has fantastical elements that
nevertheless impart an important moral lesson, like traditional fairy tales do.

B. Formulation of the Problem

The problem formulation in this paper is as follows:

1. What is the intrinsic element of Animal Farm novella?

2. What is the extrinsic element of Animal Farm novella?

C. Purposes

Referring to the formulation of the problem, the purpose of making this paper is as follows:

1. Know the intrinsic element of Animal Farm novella

2. Know the extrinsic element of Animal Farm novella

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 CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL REVIEW

A. Intrinsic Elements

Intrinsic element is factors which come from the inside of novel itself. Those are; plot,
character and characterization, setting, theme, point of view, style and tone, and conflict. While
extrinsic elements are external factors that build the novel, extrinsic element is the main
foundation for the author. Extrinsic element consists of elements of biography, social elements,
and value elements.

1. Plot

Plot is one of the elements of fiction and organized the sequence of events and actions
that make up the story. A novelist uses plot to arrange the sequence of events. In most
stories, these events arise out of conflict experienced by the main character. The conflict
may come from something external, like a dragon or an overbearing mother, or it may stem
from an internal issue, such as jealousy, loss of identity, or overconfidence. As the character
makes choices and tries to resolve the problem, the story's action is shaped and plot is
generated plot must be effective and it includes a sequence of incidents that bear a
significant causal relationship to each other. There are five essential parts of plot:

a. Exposition - The beginning of the story where the characters and the setting is
revealed. The exposition is the introduction to the characters and setting of the story.
b. Rising Action - Rising action is introduces the conflict or problem in the story. This
is where the events in the story become complicated and the conflict in the story is
revealed (events between the introduction and climax). rising action is introduces
the conflict or problem in the story.
c. Climax - The climax is the high point of the story where the conflict or problem
changes or is resolved. Something happens in the climax to create a turning point
for the characters in the story.
d. Falling action - The falling action is the series of events which take place after the
climax; it is where the protagonist must react to the changes that couch.
e. Denouement /resolution - it records the outcome of the conflict and establishes
some new equilibrium or stability.

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 Based on how it is organized, Animal farm used the chronological technique of plot. It
begins at the beginning of the struggle and proceed to order chapter chronologically.

2. Character & Characterization

Character is one of the important elements of fiction. Characters are elements which
can be found in a novel. Plot and character are inseparable, because plot is not simply a
series of event happens that come out of character to delineate character. In other word,
when we want to know „what happened to him or her‟ and how did it work out for them‟,
so we should find out the action of the character in a sequence of events. Analyzing a
character is more difficult than analyzing plot, because character is more complex, variable,
and ambiguous. Character is any person, identify, or entity whose existence originates from
a fictional work or performance. Such existence is presumed by those participating in the
performance as audience, readers, or otherwise. In addition to people, characters can be
aliens, gods, artificial intelligence or, occasionally, inanimate objects.

Characterization is a literary device that is used step-by-step in literature to highlight

and explain the details about a character in a story. It is in the initial stage in which the
writer introduces the character with noticeable emergence. After introducing the character,
the writer often talks about his behavior; then, as the story progresses, the thought-processes
of the character.

3. Setting

The elements of fiction which reveals to us the where and when of events we call
setting. In other words, the term “setting” refers to the point in time and space at which the
event of the plot occurs. Setting in novel is a circumstance which is built to make the story
more like real. The reader can imagine what are the characters feel in that story through
settings. Settings in a fiction story are divided into several types.

4. Theme

Theme is the main idea of the story itself. In literary work like a novel, theme has
function as a foundation of the story. Authors have to comprehend about their own story
theme before they change it to be a novel. According to Stanton (1965:4) theme is the
central idea or principal in literary works.

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 5. Point of View

Point of view is one of the fiction’s element that can be classified as a media of story
because through POV, the author can convey their way how to explain the character. Each
author has their own styles in order to make readers more easily to understand what
personalities of all characters in the story are. Authors are free to put on themselves as a
narrator or the main character in their story.

6. Style & Tone

Style in literature is describes the ways that the author uses words, the author’s word
choice, sentence structure, figurative language and sentence arrangement all work together
to establish mood, images and meaning in the text. There are some types of style:

a. Personification, is a style describe various inanimate objects by giving various

kinds of traits such as human.
b. Simile, is a style that describe something with flavors or simile.
c. Hyperbole, is a style that describe something excessive way with the intention
of giving excessive effect.

Tone In literature is the attitude or approach that the author takes toward the work's
central theme or subject. Works of literature can have many different types of tone, such as
humorous, solemn, distant, intimate, ironic, arrogant, condescending, sentimental, and so
on.

7. Conflict

In literature, conflict is a literary element that involves a struggle between two opposing
forces, usually a protagonist and an antagonist. (Internal and External Conflicts).

B. Extrinsic Element

Extrinsic Element is the element that is outside of literature or stories, but also determines
the form and content of a work/story. Extrinsic elements of the novel are the elements that build
the novel from the outside. usually in the form of a background from the author or outside
values. It inspired the writing of literary works and influence of literature as a whole.

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 Extrinsic elements that affect the novel include the author's background, socio-cultural
conditions and the location or place of the novel. If the intrinsic element exists, then the
extrinsic element also exists because the intrinsic element and the extrinsic element are
interconnected with one another. Although the understanding of intrinsic and extrinsic
elements has differences, but both are interrelated. If the intrinsic element refers to the contents
of the novel, the extrinsic element refers to the outside of the novel but there is a connection
with the contents of the novel. So, you could say that the intrinsic and extrinsic elements of the
novel are interrelated.

1. Elements of Biography

The first extrinsic element of the novel is the biography or background of the writer.
The author's background greatly influences the content and story of the novel significantly.
The definition of biography is an element of the author's background, including covering
the regional origin, author's residence, gender, his family, his educational background,
environment and ideology of the author.

2. Social Elements

The social element is also included as one of the extrinsic elements of the novel.
Social elements or socio-cultural conditions are very closely related to the conditions of the
community when the novel was made. This means that social conditions also influence the
content and story of the novel.

Which includes social elements, among others, are political conditions, social
conditions, economic conditions, state ideology and the environment of the surrounding
community of novel writers.

3. Value Elements

Value element is meant by value is the value contained in the novel. This element
contributes to the background of the novel's story and the direction of the story from
beginning to end.

The elements of value relate to economics, social, education, customs, politics, art, law
and others. The values contained in the novel are the main attraction for the reader. Even
enough to influence whether the story is good or not from the novel.

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 CHAPTER III

ANALYSIS

A. Intrinsic Elements
1. Plot
a. Exposition: The story opens as the barnyard animals of Manor Farm discuss a
revolution against their master, the tyrannical and drunken farmer Mr. Jones. Old
Major, an aging boar, gives a rousing speech in the barn urging his fellow animals
to get rid of Jones and rely on their own efforts to keep the farm running and
profitable.
b. Rising Action: Identified as the smartest animals in the group, the pigs led by the
idealistic Snowball and the ruthless Napoleon successfully plan and lead the
revolution. After Jones and his wife are forced from the farm, the animals look
forward to a society where all animals are equal and live without the threat of
oppression.
c. Climax: But soon, the pigs begin to assume more power and adjust the rules to suit
their own needs. They create and implement an ideological system, complete with
jingoistic songs and propaganda as well as strict rules. Once partners and friends,
Napoleon and Snowball disagree on several issues regarding the governing of the
farm. Snowball's attempted coup is repelled by a pack of wild dogs controlled by
Napoleon who also enforce punishment against the other animals when they oppose
or question Napoleon's rule. Before long, the pigs separate themselves from the
other animals on the farm and begin to indulge in excessive drinking and other
decadent behavior. Under the protection of the dogs, they consolidate their iron-
fisted rule and begin eliminating any animal they consider useless or a threat to their
power.
d. Falling action: Squealer emerges to justify Napoleon’s actions with skillful but
duplicitous reinterpretations of Animalist principles; Napoleon continues to
consolidate his power, eliminating his enemies and reinforcing his status as supreme
leader; the common animals continue to obey the pigs, hoping for a better future.

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 e. Denouement /resolution: Animal Farm ends with the majority of the animals in the
same position as in the beginning of the story: disenfranchised and oppressed under
a corrupt and brutal governing system.
2. The Characters and Characterization
Characterization method in this Animal Farm story is often using an indirect
characterization than a direct characterization. The reader takes the information he or
she is given to interpret for himself/herself the kind of character he or she is reading
about. The author shows us what the character does – how he or she acts.
a. Old Major – Intelligent and wise. “Man is the only creature that consumes without
producing. He does not give milk, he does not lay eggs, he is too weak to pull the
plough, he cannot run fast enough to catch rabbits. Yet he is lord of all the animals.
He sets them to work, he gives back to them the bare minimum that will prevent
them from starving, and the rest he keeps for himself.” The prize-winning boar
whose vision of a socialist utopia serves as the inspiration for the Rebellion. Three
days after describing the vision and teaching the animals the song “Beasts of
England”.
b. Napoleon – Cruel and crafty. The pig who emerges as the leader of Animal Farm
after the Rebellion. Based on Joseph Stalin, Napoleon uses military force (his nine
loyal attack dogs) to intimidate the other animals and consolidate his power. In his
supreme craftiness, Napoleon proves more treacherous than his counterpart,
Snowball.
c. Snowball - Intelligent, passionate, eloquent. The pig who challenges Napoleon for
control of Animal Farm after the Rebellion. Snowball seems to win the loyalty of
the other animals and cement his power.
d. Squealer – Intelligent and fair. “I trust that every animal here appreciates the
sacrifice that Comrade Napoleon has made in taking this extra labor upon himself.
Do not imagine, comrades, that leadership is a pleasure! On the contrary, it is a deep
and heavy responsibility.” The pig who spreads Napoleon’s propaganda among the
other animals. Squealer justifies the pigs’ monopolization of resources and spreads
false statistics pointing to the farm’s success. Orwell uses Squealer to explore the
ways in which those in power often use rhetoric and language to twist the truth and
gain and maintain social and political control.
e. Boxer – Dedicated and loyal. The cart-horse whose incredible strength, dedication,
and loyalty play a key role in the early prosperity of Animal Farm and the later
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 completion of the windmill. Quick to help but rather slow-witted, Boxer shows
much devotion to Animal Farm’s ideals but little ability to think about them
independently. He naïvely trusts the pigs to make all his decisions for him. His two
mottoes are “I will work harder” and “Napoleon is always right.”. “For a long i.ne
the quarry was full of snowdrifts and nothing could be done. Some progress was
made in the dry frosty weather that followed, but it was cruel work, and the animals
could not feel so hopeful about it as they had felt before. They were always cold,
and usually hungry as well. Only Boxer and Clover never lost heart.” (Chapter 7).
f. Clover – Dedicated and good-hearted. female cart-horse and Boxer’s close friend.
Clover often suspects the pigs of violating one or another of the Seven
Commandments, but she repeatedly blames herself for misremembering the
commandments.
g. Moses – Liar. Moses plays only a small role in Animal Farm. The tame raven who
spreads stories of Sugarcandy Mountain, the paradise to which animals supposedly
go when they die. In the middle of the summer Moses the raven suddenly
reappeared on the farm, after an absence of several years. He was quite unchanged,
still did no work, and talked in the same strain as ever about Sugarcandy Mountain.
he would say solemnly, pointing to the sky with his large beak−"up there, just on
the other side of that dark cloud that you can see−there it lies, Sugarcandy
Mountain, that happy country where we poor animals shall rest for ever from our
labours!" (Chapter 9)
h. Mollie – Foolish and dumb. The vain, flighty mare who pulls Mr. Jones’s carriage.
Mollie craves the attention of human beings and loves being groomed and
pampered.
i. Benjamin – Resignation. The long-lived donkey who refuses to feel inspired by the
Rebellion. Benjamin firmly believes that life will remain unpleasant no matter who
is in charge. Of all of the animals on the farm, he alone comprehends the changes
that take place, but he seems either unwilling or unable to oppose the pigs.
j. Muriel – Fair and high sense of justice. The white goat who reads the Seven
Commandments to Clover whenever Clover suspects the pigs of violating their
prohibitions.
k. Jessie And Bluebell – Submissive. Two dogs, each of whom gives birth early in the
novel. Napoleon takes the puppies in order to “educate” them.

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 l. Mr. Jones - Not responsible, unkind and fool. The often-drunk farmer who runs the
Manor Farm before the animals stage their Rebellion and establish Animal Farm.
Mr. Jones is an unkind master who indulges himself while his animals lack food;
he thus represents Tsar Nicholas II, whom the Russian Revolution ousted.
m. Mr. Frederick - Tough. The tough, shrewd operator of Pinch field, a neighboring
farm. Based on Adolf Hitler, the ruler of Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s,
Mr. Frederick proves an untrustworthy neighbor.
n. Mr. Pilkington – Easygoing. The easygoing gentleman farmer who runs Foxwood,
a neighboring farm. Mr. Frederick’s bitter enemy, Mr. Pilkington represents the
capitalist governments of England and the United States.
o. Mr. Whymper - Easygoing. The human solicitor whom Napoleon hires to represent
Animal Farm in human society. Mr. Whymper’s entry into the Animal Farm
community initiates contact between Animal Farm and human society, alarming the
common animals.
p. Minimus – Clever. The poet pig who writes verse about Napoleon and pens the
banal patriotic song “Animal Farm, Animal Farm” to replace the earlier idealistic
hymn “Beasts of England,” which Old Major passes on to the others.

3. Setting

Animal Farm takes place at an unspecified time on a British farm near Willingdon, a
town that is mentioned only in passing. The farm is first called Manor Farm, later renamed
Animal Farm and, finally, Manor Farm once more. Manor— which can mean the land
overseen by a lord, the house of a lord, or a mansion—associates the farm with the upper,
or ruling, class. Orwell focuses entirely on activities taking place at the farm, except for a
brief scene in Willingdon when Jones asks his neighbors to help him. By keeping a narrow
focus, Orwell makes the location in England unimportant.

4. Themes

Animal Farm is an allegory—in this case, of the Russian Revolution and the rise of
Stalin's tyrannical government. It is generally accepted that Orwell constructed his story to
reflect this purpose: Manor Farm represents Russia; Mr. Jones is the tsar; the pigs represent
the Bolsheviks, the bureaucratic power elite; Snowball is Leon Trotsky, who lost a power
struggle with Stalin; Napoleon is Stalin; and Napoleon's dogs are Stalin's secret police,

9
known as the GPU. The corruption of absolute power is a major theme in Animal Farm. As
most of the animals hope to create a utopian system based on the equality of all animals,
the pigs—through greed and ruthlessness—manipulate and intimidate the other animals
into subservience. Critics note that Orwell was underlining a basic tenet of human nature:
some will always exist who are more ambitious, ruthless, and willing to grab power than
the rest of society and some within society will be willing to give up power for security and
structure. In that sense Animal Farm is regarded as a cautionary tale, warning readers of
the pitfalls of revolution.

5. Point of View

This novella uses a third-person perspective that is traditionally used on fairy tales. This
story tells the reader what is needed to follow the story and the minimum about each
character without clear comments. The author focuses on the confusion of simple wild
animals in the face of their manipulation by pigs. This is to arouse the sympathy of the
reader.

6. Style & Tone

The style of Animal Farm is simple and clear. The novella’s language is concrete,
factual and delivered in short sentences. The simplicity of style culminates at the novella’s
end, in one-sentence paragraphs: “It was a pig walking on his hind legs. […] He carried a
whip in his trotter” (Chapter 10). The simplicity and clarity of the novella’s style contrasts
with the way Animal Farm’s characters use language. Throughout the book, characters use
language in deceptive ways for political purposes. Some characters make their language
complex in order to deceive, like Squealer when he is explaining Napoleon’s actions. Other
characters use simplistic language to distort the truth, like the sheep with their slogan, “Four
legs good, two legs bad.” Alongside these examples of deceptive language, Orwell’s own
writing style offers a constant reminder that truth can be conveyed in straightforward
language anyone can understand. The strong contrast between the plainspoken style of the
novel and the manipulative styles adopted by characters who want to seize power
illuminates the difference between truthful language and political deception.

A notable feature of Animal Farm’s style is the use of the passive voice. For instance,
when Napoleon steals the cows’ milk, we are not told which character or characters notice
that the milk is missing. Instead we are told that “it was noticed that the milk had
disappeared” (Chapter 2). The use of the passive voice emphasizes the animals’

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 helplessness: events occur without any particular animal taking action, creating the
impression that things happen without the animals’ consent. The passive voice also helps
to show the power of rumor and false information in an oppressive society. When no one
knows exactly who said, did or “noticed” something, it’s easy to claim that the thing didn’t
really happen, or that it happened differently, and this is exactly what the pigs do.

The tone of Animal Farm is initially playful and lighthearted, but it becomes bitter as
the story unfolds. The story begins with a tone suggesting the reader is embarking on a
superficially silly story about ridiculous humans and talking animals.

7. Conflict

There are a number of conflicts in Animal Farm—the animals versus Mr. Jones,
Snowball versus Napoleon, the common animals versus the pigs, Animal Farm versus the
neighboring humans—but all of them are expressions of the underlying tension between
the exploited and exploiting classes and between the lofty ideals and harsh realities of
socialism.

B. Extrinsic Elements
1. George Orwell’s Biography

George Orwell was born on 25 June 1903, in Motahari, Bihar, India. He was the son
of a British colonial civil servant. He was born as Eric Arthur Blair. George Orwell is used
by him as the pen name. He was the British author and journalist. He was also known as a
famous English novelist. His work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice,
opposition to totalitarianism and commitment to democratic socialism.

His most famous literary works in the 20th century was Animal Farm and Nineteen
Eighty-Four. He was a man who has the strong opinion to criticize politic condition in his
era, including imperialism, fascism and communism. Orwell was educated in England and
he was sent to boarding school. On a partial scholarship, Orwell realized that the school
treated the richer students better than the poorer ones. He wasn't popular with his peers, and
in books he found the comfort zone from his difficult situation. He read works by Rudyard
Kipling and H. G. Wells, among others.

11
 Orwell won the scholarships to Wellington College and Eton College to continue his
studies. Between 1941 and 1943, Orwell worked on propaganda for the BBC. In 1943, he
became literary editor of the Tribune, a weekly left-wing magazine. By that time, he was
known as a journalist, writer articles and novelist.

In 1945, Orwell's 'Animal Farm' was published. A political fable set in a farmyard but
based on Stalin's betrayal of the Russian Revolution, it made Orwell's name became
popular. These conditions made his financial changed to be better for the first time in his
life. While 'Nineteen Eighty-Four' was published four years later. Set in an imaginary
totalitarian future, the book made a deep impression, with its title and many phrases. In his
triumph era as an author, his health became more deteriorated and he died on 21 January
1950 because of his tuberculosis.

2. Social Elements

Animal Farm is a satirical political allegory that recasts the Russian Revolution with
animals in place of humans. Old Major is Vladimir Lenin. Napoleon and Snowball
correspond to Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky respectively. After the communist
revolution, Stalin exiled Trotsky just as Napoleon exiles Snowball.

George Orwell describes the story of Animal Farm as the satire story of Stalin. The
issue of social class was very visible between the proletariat (workers), the bourgeoisie (the
nobility) and the political elite at that time. George Orwell also tried to integrate political
and artistic goals into a single unit. This novel is classified as a fable because the characters
in the novel are played by animals.

The central conflict of Animal Farm arises when the animals’ desire for freedom and
equality is corrupted by the consolidation of political power amongst the pigs. The animals’
original goal is expressed in the first chapter, in Old Major’s teachings and especially in
“Beasts of England,” the song that becomes the anthem of Animal Farm. At the beginning
of the novella, political power is embodied by the farmer, Mr. Jones, who indulges himself
while the animals starve. The animals win easily when they rebel against Mr. Jones, and as
a result they make the mistake of thinking they have overcome political power itself. In
reality they have only overcome one of the forms that political power can take.

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 a. Political Allegory

Orwell frames his story as a political allegory; every character represents a figure from
the Russian Revolution. Mr. Jones, the original human owner of the farm, represents the
ineffective and incompetent Czar Nicholas II. The pigs represent key members of
Bolshevik leadership: Napoleon represents Joseph Stalin, Snowball represents Leon
Trotsky, and Squealer represents Vyacheslav Molotov. Other animals represent the
working classes of Russia: initially passionate about revolution eventually manipulated into
supporting a regime that was just as incompetent and arguably more brutal than the
previous one.

b. Corruption of Ideals

The pigs’ descent into corruption is a key element of the novel. Orwell, a socialist,
believed the Russian Revolution had been corrupted by power-seekers like Stalin from the
start.

Orwell doesn’t reserve his vitriol for the leaders, however. The animals representing
the people of Russia are depicted as complicit in this corruption through inaction, fear, and
ignorance. Their dedication to Napoleon and the imaginary benefits of his leadership enable
the pigs to maintain their hold on power, and the ability of the pigs to convince the other
animals that their lives were better even as their lives become demonstrably worse is
Orwell’s condemnation of the choice to submit to propaganda and magical thinking.

c. Power of Language

Animal Farm explores how propaganda can be used to control people. Singing "Beasts
of England" evokes an emotional response that reinforces the animals' loyalty to both
Animalism and the pigs. The adoption of slogans like Napoleon is always right or four legs
good, two legs bad demonstrates their unfamiliarity with the complex philosophical and
political concepts underlying the revolution. The constant alteration of the Seven
Commandments of Animalism demonstrates how those in control of information can
manipulate the rest of a population.

The pigs, who serve as the leaders of the farm, are the only animals with a strong
command of language. Snowball is an eloquent speaker who composes the philosophy of
Animalism and persuades his fellow beasts with the power of his oratory. For example,

13
when the other animals are upset about Boxer’s cruel fate, Squealer quickly composes a
fiction to defuse their anger and confuse the issue.

d. Whiskey

Whiskey represents corruption. When Animalism is founded, one of the

commandments is ‛No animal shall drink alcohol.’ Slowly, however, Napoleon and the
other pigs come to enjoy whiskey and its effects. The commandment is changed to ‛No
animal shall drink alcohol to excess’ after Napoleon experiences his first hangover and
learns how to moderate his whiskey consumption. When Boxer is sold to the Knacker,
Napoleon uses the money to purchase whiskey. With this act, Napoleon fully embodies the
human qualities that the animals once revolted -against.

e. The Windmill

The windmill represents the attempt to modernize Russia and the general incompetence
of Stalin’s regime. The final product is of inferior quality, much like many of the projects
undertaken by the Soviets post-revolution. In the end the Windmill is used to enrich
Napoleon and the other pigs at the expense of the other animals.

f. The Commandments

The Seven Commandments of Animalism, written on the barn wall for all to see,
represent the power of propaganda and the malleable nature of history and information
when the people are ignorant of the facts.

3. Value Elements

Orwell presented several morals to us through Animal Farm. One of the biggest morals
within the story, and the best remembered one can be expressed through the phrase "Power
Corrupts, Absolute Power Corrupts Absolutely." Throughout the novel, the reader is able
to see Napoleon the pig gradually becoming more and more corrupted as he gains more
power. Finally, he has absolute power over all the other animals, and he uses it to force
them to work for him while he becomes the very enemy (if not worse) that the animals had
tried to oust in the first place.

Another moral in Animal Farm is that media and communication are powerful tools,
and it is possible to influence public opinion through them. It is important that we take
everything that the media tells us with at least a grain of salt, because as you can see through

14
the portrayal of Squealer, the media is easily used as a tool of propaganda. If propaganda
is not challenged, and it is believed, the ruler will just have that much more control over
you.

A third moral in Animal Farm is more of a reminder. It is not as hard as one would
think to fall into the trap of communism. Throughout this book, you can see how the little
choices made that don't seem so bad at the time end up resulting in a bad end for the animals.

In this novella, one can look at the various characters and see who they are portraying
in real life. For instance, Farmer Jones is the Tsarist Regime; lazy, ill tempered, and leading
the farm into ruin. Old Major is Lenin; the bringer of the original ideas and philosophies
who left before the revolution came to fruition. Snowball is Leo Trotsky; having big plans
for the farm (Russia), but ultimately banished by his political enemy before they could
come into effect. Napoleon is Joseph Stalin; an iron clad leader, extremely paranoid about
losing power, who put into place some improvements but ultimately did not benefit the
citizens of the farm or Russia. Boxer represents the ideal working-class people who believe
that their leader is always right, and that they must always work harder. Mollie represents
the middle-class people; life wasn't so bad for them under the Tsar and they fled soon after
the revolution to a happier life for them; never to be talked about among the animals or
Russians again. Squealer represents the media of Russia, used as a propaganda machine by
Stalin (Napoleon).

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 CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION

A. Conclusion

The conclusion of animal farm was a rather depressing one. The beginning of the book
that it was suppose to draw a parallel to the corruption of Russia’s socialist society. But, in the
end the pigs transformed their attitudes and mannerisms into human behavior, exactly the
opposite of the original revolution ideal. The idea of an equal and utopian society seemed so
promising and right, yet it seemed impossible for the pigs not to fall into the habits of man by
being greedy, controlling, and deceitful.

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 REFERENCES

Kenney, W. (1966). How to Analyze Fiction. New York: MONARH PRESS.

Orwell, G. (1996). Animal Farm. [pdf]. Available at

http://www.huzheng.org/geniusreligion/AnimalFarm.pdf. Accessed on 5 November 2019.

Banes. Noble. (2019). Animal Farm. [online]. Available at

https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/animalfarm. Accessed on 11 November 2019.

Bones, P. (2016). Animal Farm by George Orwell – review. [online] Available at

https://www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-site/2016/jul/05/animal-farm-george-orwell-
review. Accessed on 11 November 2019.

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