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Force Assignment (Measurement Lab)

Assignment Solution Measurement Lab course , Ain Shams University, Energy and renewable energy Program, Cairo, Egypt

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Mostafa Ahmed Zein
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
54 views

Force Assignment (Measurement Lab)

Assignment Solution Measurement Lab course , Ain Shams University, Energy and renewable energy Program, Cairo, Egypt

Uploaded by

Mostafa Ahmed Zein
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ABSTRACT

Measuring force, speed and strain are vital for some


applications.

Submitted by ID
Mostafa Ahmed 12p5115
Zein

SPEED, FORCE
Islam Mohammed 12p5018
Ibrahim
Ahmed Ismail 12p5041
Tawfik
AND STRAIN Mostafa Sherif 12p5032

MEASURMENT
Assignment
NOTE : FREE HAND SKETCH
ATTACHED TO THE ASSIGNMENT
In the E-mail & Download Link

Question 1

a. Force = Mass X Acceleration


b. 10 lbf = 44.48N
c. 1 tonf = 9964 N
d. 1 kgf = 9.81 N
Question 2
• This force sensor uses a linear potentiometer to measure the
displacement of a rod connected to a pair of springs. The
displacement is related to the force applied to the rod. With
known sample masses, the sensor can be calibrated to provide
numerical measurements of the force on the rod.

• A Spring scale or Spring balance


Is a type of weighing scale. It consists of a spring fixed at one end
with a hook to attach an object at the other. It works by Hooke's Law,
which states that the force needed to extend a spring is proportional to
the distance that spring is extended from its rest position. Therefore
the scale markings on the spring balance are equally spaced.
Question 3
The Proving ring

 Is a device used for the calibration of force measuring dial gage.


 It consisted of steal ring with a micro meter mounted so as to
measure the vertical deflection when loads were applied through
the threaded blocks at the top and bottom.
Question 4
Piezoelectric crystal force transducer:
• Sketch:

• Principle of operation:
When a load is exerted on certain crystalline materials, electric
charges are formed on the crystal surface in proportion to the
change of applied force.
To make use of the device, a charge amplifier is required to
give a signal that is proportional to the applied force and big
enough to measure.
Question 5
Point of Hydraulic load cell pneumatic load cell
comparison
Construction

Working The force is applied on the upper The force, whose value is to be
principle portion and this increases the measured, is applied on one side of a
pressure of the fluid inside the piston and this is balanced by
chamber. This pressure change is pneumatic pressure on the other side.
measured using a pressure The pressure thus obtained will be equal
transducer or is displayed on a to the input force applied. The value is
pressure gauge dial using a measured using a bourdon tube.
Bourdon Tube.

Advantages 1. It is completely mechanical.


There is no need of any
electrical assistance for the
device.
2. Low error percentage.
Disadvantages The device will have to be
calibrated according to the
temperature in which it is used as
it is temperature sensitive.
Question 6
The precautions of using strain gauges:

1. Cleaning the tested specimen surface with an


emery cloth followed by acetone is usually
satisfactory.
2. Gluing the gauge, curing the glue.
3. Testing the gauge resistance.
4. Installing wiring.
Question 7
The problems with strain gauge installation:
Problem Causes Solution
Temperature effects The first error is To overcome this
gauge’s resistance will problem, put a second
vary with temperature. identical strain gauge
in the same
temperature
environment as the test
gauge but in a location
that does not stress the
gauge. The
measurement circuit
uses both gauges to
subtract out the
temperature effect and
leave only the strain
effect.
The second error arises To overcome this
if the thermal problem, strain gauge
expansion of the gauge manufacturers make
material is not the same their gauges from
as the thermal alloys that have a
expansion of the test variety of thermal
object. This causes an expansion coefficients.
apparent strain as the
two parts expand
different amounts due
to temperature.

Moisture effects By the paper and


cement can change the
electrical resistance
between the gage and
the ground potential
and thus affect the
output resistance
readings
Wiring problems These problems may To overcome this
develop from poorly problem, use
soldered connections or intermediate solder
from inflexible wiring, tabs that are glued on
which may pull the the surface close to the
gage loose from the gauge.
test specimen or break
the gage.
Question 8

Tension Bar:-

Bending beam:-
Twisted Shaft

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