At Audit Planning
At Audit Planning
AUDITING THEORY
AT.1808-Audit Planning-An Overview MAY 2015
LECTURE NOTES
Audit Planning The engagement partner and other key members of the
engagement team shall be involved in planning the audit,
The auditor plans the audit so that it will be performed in
including planning and participating in the discussion
an effective manner, i.e., to gain reasonable assurance
among engagement team members, to draw on their
that the FSs are free from material misstatement.
experience and insight, thereby enhancing the
effectiveness and efficiency of the planning process.
Audit planning involves:
establishing the overall audit strategy (a general
Results of Preliminary Engagement Activities
strategy) for the engagement; and
developing an audit plan (a detailed approach for the Please refer to the last topic “AT.1507” for the list of
expected nature, timing and extent of the audit), preliminary engagement activities.
in order to reduce audit risk (i.e., the chance that audit
opinion is inappropriate) to an acceptably low level. The results of preliminary engagement activities:
assist the auditor in identifying and evaluating events
Main outputs of audit planning: or circumstances that may adversely affect the
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The overall audit strategy or audit planning auditor’s ability to plan and perform the audit
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memorandum engagement.
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The audit plan or audit programs or audit completion enables the auditor to plan an audit engagement for
checklists
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o The auditor maintains the necessary independence
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Benefits of Audit Planning and ability to perform the engagement.
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o There are no issues with management integrity
Appropriate attention to important areas of the audit.
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The following are the planning activities or procedures: Other procedures required by the firm’s system of
Determining of materiality; quality control for initial audit engagements.
Performing risks audit procedures (RAP), including
analytical procedures, to understand the entity and its Overall Audit Strategy
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e. Ascertain the nature, timing and extent of resources The auditor shall document audit plan recording the
necessary to perform the engagement. planned nature, timing and extent of risk assessment
procedures and further audit procedures (tests of controls
Characteristics that define the Scope of Engagement and substantive procedures) at the assertion level in
The applicable FRF response to the assessed risks. The auditor may use
Industry-specific reporting requirements standard (pre-printed) audit programs, tailored as needed.
The expected audit coverage
The work of internal auditors Audit program is a list of procedures used to gather
The entity’s use of service organizations sufficient appropriate audit evidence. It serves as a set of
The effect of information technology instructions to staff involved in the audit and as a means
The availability of client personnel and data. to control and record the proper execution of the work.
Reporting Objectives, Timing of the Audit, and Nature of Traditionally, the two types of audit programs only pertain
Communications to further audit procedures (RAP), i.e., for test of controls
The entity’s timetable for reporting and substantive procedures, are:
Meetings with management and TCWG to discuss the a. Compliance test audit programs – this is prepared
nature, timing and extent of the audit work. when performing tests of controls, i.e., when the
The discussion with management and TCWG regarding auditor plans to rely on internal control that was
the expected type and timing of reports to be issued deemed to be preliminarily effective.
and other communications, both written and oral, b. Substantive test audit program – this is prepared when
including the auditor’s report, management letters and the auditor will perform substantive procedures for
communications to TCWG; and regarding the expected each material class of transactions, account balance,
communications on the status of audit work and disclosure.
throughout the engagement.
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Communication with auditors of components. Thus, the timing of preparing audit programs depend on
Communications among engagement team members, the following circumstances:
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including the nature and timing of team meetings and
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timing of the review of work performed. and documentation of the entity’s internal control.
Any other expected communications with third parties, Continuing audit – can be prepared in advance of
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including any statutory or contractual reporting testing, since the auditor has prior knowledge of the
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responsibilities arising from the audit. entity’s internal control and previous risks assessment.
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Significant Factors, Preliminary Engagement Activities, and Audit program (audit plan) for risks assessment
Knowledge Gained on Other Engagements procedures is normally prepared in a separate
The determination of materiality and identification of documentation.
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of the audit.
Significant business developments and the industry
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The auditor shall document the overall audit strategy Other planning considerations made by the auditor include
commonly in the form of a memorandum. the following:
Seeking assistance from the entity
Audit Plan Considering the work perform by others
Ensuring direction, supervision and review throughout
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Objectivity (organizational status) – line of reporting
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results of internal audit normally directly to BOD’s Key definitions
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audit committee Group financial statements – Financial statements that
documentation of work
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Due professional care – planning, supervision and include the financial information of more than one
component.
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Scope of function – nature and extent of work Component – An entity or business activity for which
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group or component management prepares financial
The table below summarizes the external auditor’s information that should be included in the group
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Not relying on the work Need not evaluate and test the consolidation process, and evaluate the conclusions
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of internal auditor internal auditor’s work drawn from the audit evidence as the basis for forming
an opinion on the group financial statements.
The external auditor may request assistance from internal Group engagement partner – The partner or other
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auditors in performing routine or mechanical audit person in the firm who is responsible for the group
procedures provided the external auditor supervises and audit engagement and its performance, and for the
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reviews internal auditors work auditor’s report on the group financial statements that
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
Audit Planning audit procedures to be performed by engagement
1. This involves establishing the overall audit strategy for team members in order to obtain sufficient appropriate
the engagement and developing an audit plan, in order audit evidence to reduce audit risk to an acceptably
to reduce audit risk to an acceptably low level. low level.
a. Audit procedures c. Audit program a. True, True c. False, False
b. Audit planning d. Audit working papers b. True, False d. False, True
2. The overall audit strategy sets the scope, timing and 3. The overall audit strategy should be updated and
direction of the audit, and guides the development of changed as necessary during the course of the audit.
the more detailed audit plan.
The overall audit plan should be updated and changed
The audit plan is more detailed than the overall audit as necessary during the course of the audit.
strategy and includes the nature, timing and extent of a. True, True c. False, False
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b. False, True d. True, False c. Other planned audit procedures that are required
to be carried out so that the engagement complies
4. In planning an audit engagement, the auditor is
with our audit approach
required to develop and document a(an)
d. All of the above
I. Overall Audit Plan
II. Flowchart 12. A listing of all the things which the auditor will do to
III. Overall Audit Strategy gather sufficient, competent evidence is the:
a. Both II and III c. Both I and III a. Audit strategy
b. Both I and II d. I, II and III b. Audit program
c. Audit procedure
5. The nature and extent of planning will vary according
d. Audit risk model
the following, except
a. Size of the auditing firm 13. Which item would not be contained in an audit
b. Complexity of the entity program?
c. Auditor’s experience with the entity a. Staff assigned to the audit.
d. Changes in circumstances that occur during the b. List of specific procedures (tasks) to be performed
audit engagement and the objectives to be met that relate primarily
to financial statements assertions.
Benefit of Audit Planning
c. Documentation of system being reviewed.
6. Adequate audit planning helps ensure that appropriate
d. Estimated time required to perform each task.
attention is devoted:
a. b. c. d. 14. Those procedures specifically outlined in an audit
To important areas of the audit Yes Yes Yes Yes program are primarily designed to
So that potential problems are a. Gather evidence.
promptly identified and b. Detect errors or irregularities.
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resolved Yes Yes No No c. Test internal systems.
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So that the work is performed d. Protect the auditor in the event of litigation
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in an effective and efficient
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manner No Yes No Yes
that
7. Which of the following is not one of the three main a. all material transactions will be selected for
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reasons why the auditor should properly plan substantive testing.
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engagements? b. substantive tests prior to the balance sheet date
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8. Overall audit plan should 16. The audit program usually cannot be finalized until the
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c. Computation of audit fees planning meeting held before the beginning of an audit
d. Ascertaining the reporting objectives of the engagement to discuss relevant client information and
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d. The kind of opinion (unqualified, qualified, classify and report such information and specific
disclaimer, or adverse), likely to be given. inquiry into individual items including detailed
testing of transactions and recommending
20. Which of the following is not typically included in initial
improvements thereto.
audit planning?
d. Establishment of adequate accounting and internal
a. Client acceptance/continuation decisions.
control systems.
b. Determination of the purpose of the audit.
c. Obtain an understanding with the client. 26. The independent auditor should acquire an
d. Perform analytical procedures as substantive tests. understanding of a client’s internal audit function to
determine whether the work of internal auditors will be
21. A CPA is conducting the first examination of a client’s
a factor in determining the nature, timing and extent
financial statements. The CPA hopes to reduce the
of the independent auditor’s procedures. The work
audit work by consulting with the predecessor auditor
performed by internal auditors might be such a factor
and reviewing the predecessor’s working papers. This
when the internal auditor’s work includes
procedure is
a. Verification of the mathematical accuracy of
a. Acceptable if the CPA refers in the audit report the
invoices
reliance upon the predecessor auditor’s work.
b. Review of administrative practices to improve
b. Required if the CPA is to render an unqualified
efficiency and achieve management objectives
opinion.
c. Study and evaluation of internal accounting control
c. Acceptable if the client and the predecessor auditor
d. Preparation of internal financial reports for
agree to it.
management purposes/
d. Unacceptable because the CPA should bring an
independent viewpoint to a new engagement. 27. The work of internal auditors may affect the
independent’s auditor’s
22. An initial audit requires more audit time to complete
I. Procedures performed in obtaining an
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than a recurring audit. One of the reasons for this is
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understanding of internal control
that
II. Procedures performed in assessing the risk of
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a. new auditors are usually assigned to an initial
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audit.
III. Substantive procedures performed in gathering
b. predecessor auditors need to be consumed.
direct evidence
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c. the client's business, industry and internal control
a. I and III only
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are unfamiliar to the auditor and need to be
b. I and II only
carefully studied.
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a. Discourage
independent auditor would most likely
b. Prohibit
a. Consider the professional qualifications and
c. Encourage
experience of the internal auditors.
d. Permit
b. Consider the proper planning, supervision and
25. The scope and objectives of internal auditing vary documentation of internal auditor’s work.
widely and depend on the size and structure of the c. Consider the nature and extent of the internal
entity and the requirements of its management auditors’ assignment.
(engagement objectives). Ordinarily, internal auditing d. Consider the organizational level to which the
activities include one or more of the following, except internal auditors report the results of their work.
a. Review of the economy, efficiency and
30. To maximize independence, the internal auditors
effectiveness of operations including non-financial
should report to the
controls of an entity.
a. Audit committee of the board of directors
b. Review of compliance with laws, regulations and
b. CEO/President
other external requirements and with management
c. Controller
policies and directives and other internal
d. Chief Financial Officer
requirements.
c. Examination of financial and operating information 31. To operate effectively, an internal auditor must be
including review of the means to identify, measure, independent of
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a. The entity II. Experience and reputation in the field in which the
b. The audit committee of the board of directors auditor is seeking audit evidence.
c. The employer-employee relationship which exists III. Relationship to the entity.
for other employees a. I, II, III c. I and III
d. The line functions of the organization b. I and II d. III only
32. Which of the following in relation to the relationship 36. The risk that an expert’s objectivity will be impaired
between internal auditing and the external auditor is increases when the expert is related in some other
false? manner to the entity (e.g., by being financially
a. All judgments relating to the audit of the financial dependent upon or having an investment in the entity)
statements are those of the external auditor. and the expert is
b. Internal auditors should exercise the same degree a. Engaged by the entity
of independence as required of the external b. Employed by the entity
auditor. c. Engaged by the auditor
c. The role of internal auditing is determined by d. Employed by the auditor
management and its objectives differ from those of
37. Each of the following procedures requires the
the external auditor who is appointed to report
assistance of an expert, except
independently on the financial statements.
a. Determining the physical condition or quantity of
d. The external auditor has the sole responsibility for
underground mineral.
the audit opinion expressed and that responsibility
b. Determining the value of works of art.
is not reduced by any use mane of internal
c. Determining the adequacy of disclosure in the
auditing.
notes to the financial statements.
33. For which of the following judgments may an d. Interpreting major contracts.
independent auditor share responsibility with an
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38. During an audit, the auditor may need the assistance
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entity’s internal auditor who is assessed to be both
of an expert in obtaining sufficient appropriate
competent and objective?
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evidence. A common example is
a. b.
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a. Determining the sufficiency and appropriateness of
Materiality of
evidential matter obtained.
misstatements Yes No No Yes
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b. Evaluating the potential financial statements effect
Evaluation of accounting
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of an employee fraud.
estimates No Yes No Yes
c. Evaluating the integrity of management.
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except
evidence that such work is adequate for the
a. The professional certification or licensing by, or
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being considered.
auditor to be knowledgeable about business
d. The risk of misstatement based on the nature and
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a. Group Auditor
35. When planning to use the work of an expert, the
b. Component Auditor
auditor should assess the objectivity of the expert.
c. Group Engagement Team
This will involve considering the expert's:
d. Component Engagement Team
I. Professional certification or licensing by, or
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b. The audit plan and related audit program are not the important criteria include organizational status,
connected and should no longer be changed once scope of function, technical competence and due
the audit has started. professional care. Which of the following relates to the
c. The audit program should set out the nature, criteria of due professional care?
timing and extent of planned audit procedures a. Policies for hiring and training the internal auditing
required to implement the overall audit plan. staff and their experience and professional
d. In preparing audit program, the auditor should qualifications.
consider the specific assessments of inherent and b. Existence of adequate audit manuals, work
control risks and the required level of assurance to programs and working papers.
be provided by substantive tests. c. The internal auditor will need to be free to
communicate fully with the external auditor
4. Which of the following procedures would an auditor
d. Whether management acts on internal audit
least likely perform in planning a financial statement
recommendations and how this is evidenced.
audit?
a. Selecting a sample of vendor’s invoices for 10. Which of the following is not an expert upon whose
comparison to receiving reports work an auditor may rely on?
b. Reading the current year’s interim financial a. Internal auditor
statements b. Appraiser
c. Coordinating the assistance of the entity personnel c. Engineer
in data preparation d. Actuary
d. Discussing matters that may affect the audit with
11. Which of the following least likely requires the services
firm personnel responsible for non-audit services
of an expert?
to the entity
a. Valuations of certain types of assets like land and
5. Early appointment of the independent auditor will buildings.
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enable: b. Legal opinions concerning interpretations of
a. a more thorough examination to be performed. engagements, statutes and regulations.
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b. a proper study and evaluation of internal control to
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be performed. techniques.
c. sufficient competent evidential matter to be d. Application of accounting methods in computing
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obtained. inventory balances.
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d. a more efficient examination to be planned.
12. The preparation of audit program and audit planning
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6. When obtaining an understanding and performing a memo is the responsibility of the client’s
preliminary assessment of the internal audit function, a. Management
the auditor should consider the internal auditors’ b. Independent auditor
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b. Yes No Yes
program is to help ensure that the
c. Yes No No a. audit work is properly supervised
d. No Yes No b. audit work is properly planned and documented
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7. You have been asked to assess the organizational c. audit report contains only significant findings
ed d
independence of an internal audit activity. You should d. work of different auditors is properly coordinated
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consider all of the following factors except 14. Avoiding misunderstandings with the client is
a. functional reporting to the board and important for:
administrative reporting to the chief executive Good client Facilitating high-quality work
officer. relations at a reasonable cost
b. the criteria of education and experience considered
is
a. Yes Yes
necessary when filling vacant positions on the
b. No No
internal audit staff.
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c. Yes No
c. the degree to which internal auditors assume
d. No Yes
operational responsibilities.
d. a limitation on the scope of objectives for the 15. Sue is conducting an external audit of ABC Company’s
engagements included in the review. financial statements. Joel is an internal auditor working
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