PHONOLOGICAL CHANGE

Phonological change or sound change it is mean how the sound of a partcular language
change. When strung together, the sound changes due overlap when ease of speech. When
words are put together in a sentence. Commented [A1]: When in spoken language, there is no “space”
(pause) between words unless we pronounce/enuciate it. The pace of
speech can affect whether the sound is going to change.

Word in contact

May result in:

SOUND CHANGE

Last sound of the first word Whether in the form

of syncgronic variation
+
Happening : or diacrhonic change
first sound of the next word take place through
1. Within a word Diachronic=historical
phonologycal
processes. Concerned with the
2. Between two way in which
May happen within a words something,especilly
language and create language, has
language variation 3. Different developed and envolved
(‘handbag > ‘hanbag) word through time.
[‘hænbæg] > [`hæmbæg]
or result in change of one
language to another
through time.

PHONOLOGICAL CHANGE PROCESSES

In the rapid flow of normal speech sound change partially or entirely. The features of
sounds in the phonological system of a language can be affected due to processses that aren
known as phonological processes.
 PHONOLOGICAL
PROCESSES

GEMINATION
ASSIMILATION

METATHESIS
DISSIMILATION

Sound become
more similar
Sound become less
similar/more different

Assimilation
Assimilation is a process by which one sound becomes more similiar to nearby sound in one or
more features. It is happened due dramatically change pronounciation of the word. Many speakers in
all language use assimilation naturally without thinking. Commented [A2]:

1. May occur between two adjacent sounds (contigous) or at a distance (non-contigous).

2. Assimilation may be partial or total.
3. Assimilation may occur within in the same word or in berweeen two words.
4. The direction of assimilation may be forward (progressive) or backward (regressive).
a. Regressive : It happens when the following sound in a word influences the preceding sound.

The letter “N” is written in a capital letter since it is still in the form of abstract nasal.
Ten boys [thԐn boiz] => [thԐm boiz] partial.
b. Progressive : It happens when the preceding sound influences the following sound since the
preceding sound is too dominant.
 In non Standard English the word ‘seven’ is usually pronounced as [sεvm] instead of
[seven] in which [en] is changed into [m] syllabic.

Various form of assimilation :

1. / t / changes to / p / before / m / / b / or / p /
basket maker light music sweet pepper
sit back white paper sweet potato
thought provoking provate balcony proud parents
2. / d / changes to / b / before / m / / b / or / p /
blood bank hit man
hold back card punch
3. / n / changes to / m / before / m / / b / or / p /
iron man human being
pen pal in blue
4. / t / changes to / k / before / k / or /g/
short cut cut glass credit card
5. / d / changes to / g / before / k / or / g /
bad girl cold cream
6. / n / changes to /ŋ/ before / k / or / g /
in camera tin can action group
7. / s / changes to /ʃ/ before /ʃ/ or / j /
bus shelter dress shop nice yacht bless you
8. / z / changes to /ʒ/ before /ʃ/ or / j /
cheese shop where's yours?
9. /θ/ changes to / s / before / s /
earth science fourth summer both sides
Dissimilation
When a sound changes one of its features to become less similar to an adjacent sound
(contigous), usually to make the two sounds more distinguishable. This type of rule is often
seen among people speaking a language that is not their native language where the sound
contrasts may be difficult so the rule is applied for ease of production and perception. In other
words, a phonological process that changes feature values of segments to make them less
similar.
two similiar sounds Dissimilar (distinct)

A-A A-B

DISSIMILATION

DISTANCE : DIRECTION :

- Contigous - Progressive
- Non-cintigous - regressive

/p/ bilabial stop

Peter Piper picked a pect of pickled peppers
Become :
/f/ labiodental fricative
Peter Piper picked a pect of fickled feffers

Fifth /fifθs/ - (fts)

Sixth – sixt
Surprise – supprise
 Deletion
A process that removes a segment from certain phonetic contexts. Deletion occurs
in everyday arapid speech in many languages. In English, a schwa (ǝ) is often Commented [A3]: The unstressed central vowel, represented by
the symbol (ǝ) in the International Alphabet. In another example, we
deleted when the next vowel in the word is stressed. observed that 28% of the teachers could correctly identify the sound
of the schwa, as represented inn the final syllable of the word
`happen`.
e.g :
deleting of (ǝ) in English
slow speech rapid speech
[pǝreid] [preid] parade
[sǝpǝ’ƱZ] [spǝ’ƱZ] suppose