BA MACMILLAN EXAMS Ready for CAE coursebook with keyCAE Roy Norris With Amanda FrenchUnit ee 2 ioe 3 Shgpotiomaten So a ‘ontents Map | Language focus 1 Modal verbs: might, cou may @n Extensor: alternative waysof copes pos 2 Speing 1 Talking about the past. 2 Nounsin formal ngish 1 Hypothetical past situations 2 Present and future conditional eens Vocabulary Reading Collocation: challenge sucess, Multiple choice (CAE Pert3) ‘motion, abt faire Changes ‘Multiple matching (CAE Part ) small ‘Multiple choice (CAE Part) CSopet en ae) Work time Page 8 5 ae eae 7 sar 8 Bisstenoden wo 9 ree ee) 1 Punctuation 2 Gerunds andinfntives 1 Reference andelipsis 2 Relative dauses 1 Determines and pronouns 2 Modal ves: wil shal, would 3 Taking about the future Creating emphasis ren Time Multiple ating (AE Pats) 1 Vets Noun colocatons Goppedtet (AE Part?) 2 Ralston 1 Intelligence and abil ‘Multiple intelli i the cee Eat) Part: Gapped sent Health ‘Multiple choice (CAE Part) 1 Amount Gapped text (CAE Fart2) 2 Ves formed with up, down, over andunder 1 Doing things alone "Multiple matching (CAE Pat 4) 2 Anger ey irr 10 se 11 Aangteseatn Page 140 Particle causes spins an ig bie 2 reine Pier Noun phrases Cry 1 Describing rooms and houses Mutipl choice (CAE Pat 3) 2 Metaphorical mearings 4 Noise andsound 1 Gapped text (CAE Pat) 2 finland ote 1 Words with more than one use “Mulpl choice (CAE Par3) 2 Attitude advrbials Part2: Long tun Mutple choice (CAE Part) Mulple matching (CAE Part) Perey Wordlst age 209 Grammar reference Page 216Writing Use of English Listening Speaking Compton entries (CAE Part2) ‘Word formation: Nouns Multiple choice (CAE Part1) Long tu (CAE Part2) Word formation (CAE Part3) Formal etter (CAE Patt) ‘Open loze (CAE Port 2) ‘Sentence completion (CAE Part 2) Collaborative task (CAE Part3) Multplechoice doze (CAEPart1) __2Multiplematching (CAE Part 4) Reports (CAE Part 2) ‘Word formation: Adjectives and adverbs Multiple choice (CAE Part 3) Collaborative task (CAE Part 3) ‘Word formation (CAE Part 3) Open loze(CAE Part 2) Key word transformations (CAE Part 2). Dera rere 1 Fomalletters: aplication Gapped sentences (CAE Par 4) 4 Multiple matching (CAE Part ) (CAE Fart) Key ord wonstomatons (CAE Fart5) 2 Sentence completion (CAE Pat) 2 Character reference (CAE Part2) Essays (CAE Prt 2] ‘Open cloze (CAE Port 2) 1 Multiple coice CAE art3) Collaborative task CAE Part3) 2. Multple choice CAE Part!) Farther discussion CAE Part) Revous (CAE Fert2) ‘Gapped sentences (CAE Pat 1 Multiple matching (CAE Part ) Word formation (CAE Fart) 2 Sentence completion (CAE Pert2) ky word transformations (CAE Far 5) Prom Ta Leer (CAE Fart 1) Mutplecoicecoze (CAE Par?) Multplecoic (CAE Far 3) 1 Collaborative tsk CAE Part3) Word formation: Verbs 2 Further discussion (CAE Part) Word formation (CAE Prt3) Reports (CAE Part) ‘Gapped sentences (CAE Fort 4) 1 Sentence completion (CAE Part 2) Key word transformations (CAE art 5) 2. Multiple matching (CAE Pat 4), Mltiple-choice doze (CAE Part 1) Contributions: guidebook entry peed fomnetne emma ete 1 Sentence completion (CAE Part 2) ‘Long turn (CAE Part 2} (CAE Part 2), me 2. Multiple choice (CAE Part 3) ration (CAE Part 3). Gapped sentences (CAE Part 4). Information sheets (CAE Part 2) 1 Open cloze (CAE Part 2) ‘Multiple matching (CAE Part 4) 2 Multple-choice cloze (CAE Part 1) ‘Word formation (CAE Part 3) Open cloze (CAE Part 2) Areles (CAE Port2) 1 Multplecoce doze (AEPartt) 1 Sentence completion CAE Part 2) 2. Key word transformations 2 Multiple matching (CAE Part 4) (CAE Part 5) ‘Open lze (CAE Port 2) Part3 Collaborate task chee 1 Informa eters (CAE Part 2) ‘Word formation (CAE Part 3) Multiple choice (CAE Part 1) Long tum (CAEPart 2) 2 Repors (CAE Part2) Key word transformation (CAE Fart 5) 1 Contvtions: guidebook entry Word fmaton (CAE Pat 3), 1 Sentence completion (CAE Part 2) Collaborative task (CAE Part3) (CAE Part2) Goppad sentences (CAE Part 4) 2 Malipl choice (CAE Part3) 2 Setbooks (CAE Part2) per Tere Ustening sips ‘Answer Key Page 226 Page 241‘Welcome to Ready for CAE, a course which is designed to help you prepare for the Cambridge Certificate in Advanced English examination. This book contains a wide range of activities aimed at improving your English and developing the language and skills which you will need to pass the ‘examination. As well as providing relevant practice in reading, writing, listening and speaking, each unit of Ready for CAE includes one or more Language focus sections, which analyse the main grammar areas at advanced level, together with Vocabulary slots, which give particular emphasis to collocation. The course also includes a systematic approach to word formation, which appears as a task type in the Use of English paper. At regular intervals you will find special sections which focus on the most important aspects of this task, ensuring that you.are properly prepared to deal with it in the examination. Throughout the book you will find the following, boxes, which are designed to help you when performing the different tasks: + What to expect in the exam: these contain useful information on what you should be prepared to see, hear or do in a particular task in the examination. ‘+ How to go about it: these give advice and guidelines on how to deal with different task types and specific questions, * Don't forget!: these provide a reminder of important points to bear in mind when answering a particular question. * Self help: these contain a number of supplementary activities and study tips, many of which are aimed at helping you increase your vocabulary store. Further information and advice is included in the five supplementary ‘Ready for ... ' units, one for each of the five papers in the examination. These are situated at regular intervals in the book and can be used at appropriate moments during the course. The Ready for Writing unit contains model answers for each of the main task types, together with advice, useful language and further writing tasks for you to complete. At the end of the book in the Grammar reference you will find detailed explanations of the grammar areas seen in the units. There is also an extensive Wordlist, which builds on the vocabulary areas seen in the units. At appropriate points in the book you are encouraged to refer to the Wordlist to help you perform specific speaking and writing tasks. 4 Overview of the Examination ‘The Cambridge Certificate in Advanced English examination consists of five papers, each of which carries 20% of the total marks. A low mark in one paper does not necessarily mean a candidate will fail the examination; it is the overall mark which counts. A, Band C are pass grades; D and E are fail grades. For more information and advice on each paper, see the appropriate ‘Ready for ...’ unit, as well as the relevant sections in the main units of the book. Paper 1 Reading 1 hour 15 minutes There are four parts to this paper, with a total of 34 questions. Each question in Parts 1, 2 and 3 carries 2 marks, and each question in Part 4 carries 1 mark. Texts are taken from a variety of sources including newspaper and magazine articles, fiction and non- fiction books, leaflets and brochures. Part Task Type Number of Task Format Questions, 1 Multiple choice 6 Three short texts onthe same theme followed by two multiple-choice questions on each txt There are four options for cach question, Atext from which paragraphs have been removed. Candidates replace each ofthese in the appropriate partof thetent Atext followed by muiipie-choice questions, each with four options. ‘Atextor tents preceded by multiple-matching ‘questions which require i 1.113 You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract. ‘© There are four parts to the Listening Paper (Paper 4). In Part 1 you will always hear three short extracts from different conversations, usually with two people in each conversation. There are twa ‘multiple-choice questions for each extract. ‘In the exam, you will hear each extract twice before the next one is played, Extract one ‘You hear part of an interview with a musician, explaining why he turned down a prize ina music awards ceremony. 1 Why did Steve's group not go to the ceremony to accept their award? A. They believed it would be morally wrong. B They were busy doing concerts. € They did not expect to win, 2 According to Steve, the people who voted for his | poe A have been loyal fans for a long time. B will soon lose interest in their music. € agree with their ideals and beliefs. Extract two ‘You hear part of an interview with Richard Hale, aretired cricket player. 3 What is the main reason for Richard Hale's success? A natural talent B alotofpractice C theability to concentrate 4 Richard Hale dislikes the way that some current players A react to a success. B donot learn from their mistakes. believe they are more important than their team. Extract three You hear part of an interview on local radio with Lily Simmons, university student who is taking part in a fund-raising event called 40-hour Famine. 5 According to Lily, dhe purpose of 40-hour Famine isto courage students to do some charity work abroad. 2 persuade people to give money to charity regularly. € help people understand the effects of famine on people's lives. 6 After taking part in last year’s 40-hour Famine event, Lily was A. proud of what she had achieved. B determined to do better in the next event. € disappointed she had not fulfilled her aim. 3 >) Doyou know of any cases where someone has tured down an award? Why did they reject it? ‘Talk about something you failed to achieve. How disappointed were you?neo wae Aiming high @ Word formation: Nouns Which suffixes are added to the following verbs to create nouns? achieve motivate fail Complete each gap with an appropriate noun form of the word in capitals at the end of the line. Use each suffix in the box once only and make any further spelling changes necessary. The noun you require may also need a plural ending ora negative prefix (un-, in-, im-, dis- etc). There is an example at the beginning (0). chood ship -ure -al -ness ation -ance — -ence ty ity -ment -age -cy His latest _publication_is a book of verse on the theme of relationships. PUBLISH ____will be served from 3.30pm in the main hall. REFRESH Union members expressed their of the management's offer by APPROVE walking out of the meeting. Inher___toanswer the phone, she almost fell down the stairs. EAGER In the interests of safety, a number of standard___need to be followed. PROCEED Her 5,000-metre run paled into. when compared with the marathon SIGNIFY her grandfather completed the following week. The of the device is what has made it so popular. SIMPLE Icannot comment; I have been sworn to ‘on the matter. SECRET The cost of. hhas increased by 10% this year. MEMBER Customers will be required to pay for any. BREAK There is every that prices will continue to rise next year. LIKELY He valued his too much to ever want to get married. DEPEND It's quite natural to experience a certain amount of on your first ANXIOUS day at work. 3 Using the same suffixes as in exercise 2, write noun forms for the following words. The same suffix is needed for all three words. Some words require further spelling changes. The exercise begins with an example (0). notorious _natorle various variety sober _sobriety please expose dose 2 appear annoy rely store short ‘pack rehearse renew propose efficient intimate vacant ‘enjoy require commit leader companion partner neighbour father Cs adult absent persistent _—Ss—evident selfish tired CC seareless explain interpret apply 4 Look back at the reading text on page 8 and underline those nouns which have been formed by the addition of a suffix to a verb, adjective or another noun. Add them to the list in exercise 3. Keep a record in your notebook of noun forms you come across when reading which are new to you, or different from what you expected. Group them according to their suffix endings, asin exercise 3. 13ED Aiming high Language focus 2: Spelling 1. Lookatthese two extracts from thereading _--3_For each of the following groups of four words find the incorrectly spelt texton page 8. word and correct it.The exercise begins with an example (0). insistence ‘One newspaper in France... summed 0 importance insistance appearance tolerance Up the national mood there. 1 apparent pleasent different independent 2 occasion accountant neccessary accident sss she had fulfilled the ambition 3 publically optimistically scientifically dramatically that had dominated her life. 4 separate desperate immediate definate 5 unreasonable iresponsable _iitable indispensable The final consonant of the verbs fulfil and sum § chefs Toots safes leafs is doubled to form the past tense. Similarly, 7 exceeding succeeding proceeding preceeding the consonants doubled in occurring and 8 embarrassment accommodation bussiness ‘committee beginning, butratin happening or opening. __9 unnatural unknown, dissappointed dissatisied Whyis this? 10 believe recieve seize weird 114 financial influencial ‘commercial "beneficial 2. Whatis the -ing form of the following verbs? 12 cemetery factery bakery ‘surgery 4 ©) Work witha partner. You are going to dictate ten two-word items of vocabulary to each other. Student A should turn to page 207 and Student Btopage 208. refer limit set upset target forbid write wait travel panic Inyour notebook, write down atleast so of the words from exercises 3 and 4 whose speling you find unusual and/or difficult to remember. Study the words for one minute, Then close your Rotebook and write down the words from memory. Competition entries Tama ETS OMS NAS RS CLUE In Part 2 of the Writing paper you might have the opportunity to write a competition entry. You may be asked to propose yourself or nominate somebody else for selection, perhaps for a study grant or a chance to appear on a television programme. Competition entries require you to persuade the judges and give reasons why you or the person you nominate should be accepted. 1 Read the following Part 2 task and the model 5 Which is written inthe format ofan article. Does COMPETITION the answer address all aspects of the task? Would it have a positive Secret ambitions effect on the competition judges? We are planningaa series of six TV Programmes called Masterclass, in which we You see the following competition offer members of the public with a secree inan international magazine. ambition the chance to receive expert it i tultion from a professional. Write your competition entry Wh a in 220-260 words. lat is your secret ambition and why? Write and tell us about it, explaining what YoU thnk i woul take to achieve your ambition and why you think you've ‘what it takes, daha ae The ten most convincing entries will be shortlisted to appear on the programme. 14Aiming high @ Secret ambition? it's a mystery! Did you know that for every 20,000 novels written, only one gete published? So the likelihood ‘that Ill ever fulfl my ambition of becoming a professional mystery writer docen't seem very high. But the prospect of turning my lifelong passion Into my livellhood and achleving fame and fortune at the eame time is Just too exciting for me to be put off by dull etatletics. So what does tt take to become a writer? Reading is important — all writers need to research their genre thoroughly to familiarize themselves with Its codes and conventions, My bookshelves at-home are stacked with the novels of all the great mystery writers, which I've read and, In many cases, re-read, despite knowing all the time whodunnit’. Of course, being a writer requires imagination. You have to develop your own personal ‘etyle rather than simply copy the work of ‘the greate’. ve turned out dozens of short crime stories for my university student magazine — eome have been published, come not, but Ive always aimed to produce original and Imaginative material. Last but not least, eucceseful writers possess enormous self discipline. ve often sacrificed my social life in onder to devote the necessary time and effort to producing a good quality story. And more than once that: hae meant burning the midnight oll. We've all got a novel inside us. Getting It out in anywhere near publishable form le no easy task, but with imagination and determination, and the help of an expert on ‘Masterclass’, who could possibyy fail to realize their ambition? 2. Clear organization and appropriate paragraphing are essential features of all CAE writing types. Which of these two possible paragraph plans does the entry follow? A B First paragraph Introduction: secret ambition Introduction: secret and why ambition and why Central paragraphs a Three requirements a First requirement and a quality/reason b Three qualities/reasons _b Second requirement and aquality/reason ¢ Third requirement and a quality/reason Final paragraph Conclusion: final comments Conclusion: final comments 3. Toobtaina high mark in the CAE examination you need to use a wide range of relevant vocabulary and structures. Underline examples of more sophisticated language in the model answer: How does the writer avoid repetition when talking about the requirements? 4 The entry is written ina relatively informal register. EPG () ce Find les of informal k . examples of informal language. TIDE N ERS 5 Tostand a good chance of ‘winning’, a competition ambition is and why. entry should be written in an appealing and F Lae ‘columns in your engaging style. What techniques are used to get the ee eae reader’s attention and engage his or her interest? remaining parts ofthe question. © Discuss what What is the purpose of the final paragraph? can oe : ‘more ideas he or she can come 6 © write your own entry for the competition, twill following the advice in the How to go about it and | « Selectthe best ideas. You are Don't forget boxes. asked to write between 220 and 260 words, so two or three y 7 requirements and qualies or SLAs reasons should le enough, * Decide which paragraph plan, Aor B, you want to use. © Write your answer, using the ‘techniques you discovered in the model answer. 1516 Modal verbs Complete each gap with one word. 1 Sometimes you be so uncaring - Ido think you might come to see me in hospital after Pd had my operation! 2 She be just a six-month-old baby, but she's already showing signs of being. intelligent. 3. The next bus isnt likely ‘come for an hour or so, so we may as. walk, 4 Itscems highly that it will rain today, but we well have a few showers tomorrow. 5 You could____least have made the effort to do some revision. Now you have absolutely chance of passing the exam, 6 The ruling party succeeded being re-elected, but didn’t manage retain their overall majority in parliament. Spelling Each numbered line in the following text contains a spelling mistake. Find the mistakes and correct them. 1 Clearly, student motivation is an importent influence on learning. Its also believed, though, that students’ perceptions of their learning experiences generaly influence their motivation more than the actual, objetive reality of those experiences. The Attribution Theory of motivation identifys two types of student, The first type credit, their success to their own ability and effort. If they are successfull in an exam, they aitribute their achievement to themselfs, feel proud and are keen to take on further tasks off this nature. They work hard because they sec a clear relationship between the effort made and the results obtained. If they fail, they put this failure down too their own lack of effort and are confidant that if they try harder in the future, they ear aunean 10 will have more success. The second type attribute success to external facters. If they 11 perform well in an exam, they consider that it was easy and they where lucky. They 12 feel little pride in their achievements and show little intrest in taking on further 13. tasks. If they fail, they attribute there poor performance to their own lack of ability 14 and are unlikely to see any reason to hope for an improvment in the future. They do 15 not percieve the link between effort and results, and lack the motivation to keep trying.Aiming high @& Use of Engl Word formation acai For questions 1-10, use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). REWARDING CHILDREN Cash rewards are a common form of (0) motivation used by parents MOTIVATE, with high (1) to encourage their children to work hard atexam = EXPECT time. Some youngsters receive (2) ofasmuchas£100foreach PAY Agrade they obtain at GCSE, But should such ‘bribes’ be based on exam (3) or should they, as many parents and teachers feel, PERFORM be offered in (4) of a child’ effort, regardless of results? The RECOGNIZE latter approach would solve the problem of how parents reward children with different levels of (5) ; imagine, for example, a family with ABLE one child who is (6) gifted and another who has learning ACADEMIC @ - The dangers of result-related incentives for the second child DIFFICULT are clear; with little hope of obtaining the higher grades, the withholding of promised (8) rewards would only compound the child's feeling FINANCE of (9) . However, some leading educational psychologists believe FAIL that parents should rely on their own (10) insuch matters. They JUDGE maintain that if parents know that money will motivate their child, then they should not be condemned for operating a system of cash payouts. Word combinations For sentences 1-10 underline the correct alternative. 1 There's a heavy/hard/strong/tough possibility I'l get a pay rise in January. 2 He hasn't got the fairest/slightest/longestithinnest chance of winniing the election, He's far too unpopular. 3. There is every/each/all/very likelihood that the government will introduce the measures this year. 4. There were far more of them than us. We didn't stand/face/hold/keep a chance against them. 5 She was clearly rather worried and seemed close to edge/nerves/tension/tears. 6 I'melatedidelighted/pleasant/anxious to meet you at last, Mr Wood. Let me take your 7 The young singer fulfilled/enjoyed/was/became overnight success last year when her debut single ‘Burning Ambition’ reached number 1. 8 He had never acted before, but he rose/arose/aroused/raised to the challenge and gave a very convincing performance. 9 At85 she says she's unlikely to realize her resounding/longing/lifelong/overall ambition of learning to fly. 10 Snacks and easy/loose/light/full refreshments are available in the lounge area. 17Listening 1 18 na For reasons of security, People have been putting things in time capsules for oh The main reason for time capsules going missing has been the f Sentence completion © Tese photographs were all taken over 50 years ago. How has life changed since then? If the same photographs were taken now, which features would be the same and which would be different? ©) 14 You will hear part of a talk on the subject of time capsules. What do you think time capsule might be? For questions 1-8 complete the sentences. WEEE dau meet ‘= There's always a pause before you hear the listening. Use this to read through the questions and Predict the type of answer requited. eg Question 1: To fit in grammatically with the beginning Of the sentence, we'd probably need to write an adjective to describe time capsules, ora past participle which tells us what is dane to them. ‘You can normally write the actual words you hear in the recording. ‘Answers can be numbers, single words or short phrases (usually of no more than three words). ‘Check your answers; incorrect spelling and grammar may lose marks. Part 2 is aways a monologue. As with all recordings in Paper 4 Listening, its played twice. Before you do the task, read all the questions and try to predict the type of information you might hear for each one. ime capsules are usually| retol a The exact location of a capsule containing|_ and 4] froma popular TV Programme is unknown. ‘The capsule is somewhere in an area that used to be a Dr Thornwell Jacobs was unable to find sufficient information on[ 6]. His ‘Crypt of Civilization’ is situated in the 7 | of Hearst Hall, ‘To avoid possible theft Dr Jacobs did not include [3]3 od z i cB je What to Orta the exam ‘The examiners instructions for Part 3 tasks also ‘appear as written questions above the pictures. Times change @&E Collaborative task © You belong toa group of friends who have decided to bury a time capsule, to be ‘opened in 100 years’ time. The pictures below show some of the aspects of life which can be represented by items in the capsule. ‘Talk with your partner about the different aspects, saying which items could be included as most representative of our lives today, and then decide which two items ‘would be of most interest to future generations. As with Dr Jacobs and his ‘Crypt of Civilization’, your time capsule may contain original items and/or models, pictures, films and sound recordings as well as computer software. ‘Which items could be included as most representative of our ives today? ‘© Which two items would be of most interest to future generations? ROR TELS Entertainment House & Home Technology Useful language Complete each of the gaps with one of the phrases in the box. There is an example at the beginning (0). are unlikely to be using be intrigued to see would not be complete without isa distinct possibility that might conceivably be obsolete ‘would demonstrate very clearly » isa part of everyday life 0 There_is a distinct possibility that people won't ever have seen a pound coin. 1. The time capsule one or two items of fashion clothing. Travel & Transport 2. Fast food so something representing that would be of interest. 3. Future generations would —___ a model of our underground system. 4 The mobile phone how we communicate with each other 5 DVDs__by the time the capsule’s opened. 6 People___—__—___ovens in 100 Fashion years’ time. Poli 19imes change Use of Englist Open cloze ‘+ The open cloze isa short text with 15 gaps, each of which has to be filed with one word, ‘+ The main focus is on grammatical words, eg prepositions, auxiliary verbs and articles, 1 Read the following text, ignoring the gaps for the moment. Which famous toy is being described? THE IMPOSSIBLY CURVY DOLL More than one bilion (0) _have__been sold in 150 different countries (1) her first ‘oppearance at the New York Toy Farin 1959. Created (2)_____ Ruth Handler, the daughter of Polish immigrants, and originally known (3). the “Toonage Fashion Mode!’ she wos @ perky blue-eyed blonde, with a pony tail and a black-and-white swimsuit. Itwos while she was watching her daughter Barbara playing wit cutouts of adult women (4) Handler came up (5) the idea. (6) the time, dlls in America cWways look he form oF babies ‘When she first proposed a prototype to executives ot the toy company, Mate, she wos tured (7) Later, (8) Handler won over the ak male management, and the frst oy dell n the USA with breasls went (9). production. the late Sicies, she wos enjoying the same type ove (10) the Beatles. As her world ‘exponded, so (11) the profits, and she was making well over $100 milion o yeor for Mattel. She took on numerous different ideniities, (1.2) cos esironaul, vet or surgeon and she acquired many friends, notably Ken, (13) ‘name came from Hondler’s son She was (14)____without her critics. Her shapely figure wos essentially unattainable and feminists cttacked Handler for presenting young girls with (15)_____ image of adult beouty they could never achieve. Handler was not bothered by this. ‘My whole philosophy was that through the dol the litle gil could bbe anything she wanted fo become,’ she later wrote. 2 Read the text again and think of the word which best fits each space. Make sure you read the example. When you have finished, Justify your answers to your partner, with particular reference to words and sentences before and after the gaps. feminists’? ©) Whose opinion do you agree with in the final paragraph? Handler's or the Language focus 1: Talking about the past A Review ©) Complete each ofthe spaces with an appropriate form ofthe verb in brackets. Choose from the past, past perfect or present perfect, in either the simple or progressive form. There may be more than one possible answer. Iso, ‘explain any differences in meaning. 11 {neverkiss) anyone until | (meet) you. F 2 Thatsthe thirdtimet__(have) totell youto | stop shouting! i 3 Itlooks asif he {cry again. His eyes areal redand puffy. 4 Lused to get so annoyed with him. He {always/ose) things. 5 She______ (eat) a particularly large bar of chocolate and she suddenly started to feel sick. 6 Marjorie (leave) when Paul (arrive). 7 Youknow that book you last week? Well, 8 hated that school. f_—— homework, they used to punish me.I (do) it, they'd tell me to do it again. |____ (tel me about (buy) it. Look. {not do) my 20Times change @& B Further ways of talking about the past 6 She was going to workithinking to work/to have worked in her mother’s business, but decided instead to continue her studies. 7. After he'd donelHaving done/Being done it once, he wanted todo it again. 8 Ithasnot rained since he's been herethe got here/his 11 Underline the correct altematives in the following sentences. Either one, two or all three alternatives may be possible. 1 When | was a teenager | used to knowtwould know! knew the words to all the Beatles songs. 2 It’s years since I've riddenlI haven't riddenil rode a bike. I'm not sue if could do itnow. balla 3 I'd like to have travelledihave liked to travellhave liked ©D check your answers by reading the Grammar tohave travelled more when | was younger. reference on pages 216 and 217. 4. Iremember that concert. It was the first time /'ve seen! 2 © Rewrite sentences 1-5 so that they are true for you. {Fd seentl was seeing the band play live. Use the words in bold together with an appropriate verb in 5 I'drather my parents didn't maketwouldn’t have the correct form. Compare your sentences with those of your ‘madelhadn't made me goto piano lessons when | was partner, little. Formal letter A 1. Read the following advertisement. Does this type of entertainment appeal to you? Brack Knicut Meprevat Society Ouraim isto bring history alive with the very best in open-air medieval entertainment, We offer spectacular Jousting tournaments and archery displays, cookery and craft demonstrations, exhibitions of medieval ‘weapons, musicand dancing performances and much, much more. A guaranteed fun day out forall the familly. 2 Read the following Part 1 task and the sample answer on page 22. Would the letter achieve the desired effect? ‘You help out on the committee of a Medieval Society which recently organized a Medieval Fair. Read the newspaper report on which you have made some notes and the emails received by the committee, and write a leiter to the newspaper, giving the Society's version of events and asking them to print another article. 21MIDDLE AGE CRISIS oe Brampton’s annual Medieval Fair last Sunday failed to. Kids loved tt people to park —~ attract the same interest in previous years and the few people who did turn up were critical fe ‘The archery display was rather tedious and visitors were mimpressed by the medieval dancing display. also not niatow ~~ eee asa cate Samad emails say! i head kay Gee i PO rotencugh response to the event, it seems unlikely that space great day! Loved the music and dancing — very professional. ‘The car park was full when we got there so we missed itall - the kids were really upset. ' didn’t realize medieval cooking was so good making was fascinating. ears Write your letter. You do not need to include postal addresses, Sample answer Dear Sir, | hel ovt on the committee of » Meckeval Saciety and weve reall with the wat Yor reported the annal Medieval Fir lack ot You said that not mam people tuned wp and they were critical of the event But thats wot fair! Many people cl wn i, bet there was nowhere fr them 4 par when they got there so they missed i all ‘A, Si thot vistors were ako winpresied by the meciewl dncing digloy. Tht’ tet tel Lets of pected they thoigt the dancing. nas goed — wee got en 7 prow it. One i, Yk great day! Loved the ms and dancing. — very professor fd shout the archer how on cart canto cy thot Ht wos ten? The kids loved 1 oa pit was really ecesefl an we ae absovtoly guste by your report ane i pe dat pit autter arte ne wl ha wo Morais te ort fatto messi, like got in toch with a ler. Yous faith Ana Whjao 22Times change @ 3 ©) Read the letter again and answer the following questions with your partner, giving examples. Content: Has the writer answered the task fully? Has she expanded on any of the points in the input material? Organization: Is the letter organized into suitable paragraphs? Vocabulary/Structures: Is there a wide range of language? Has the writer used her own words? Is the letter accurate? Register: Is the register consistently appropriate? 4. In 1-4 below, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the noun given in capital letters. In each case, the second sentence is a more formal version of the first. 0 I'm going to write and complain to the council. COMPLAINT Lintend to make _4 written complaint to the council : 1. There was nowhere for people to park. LACK There was . 2. Itwas really successful. SUCCESS Itwas . 3. You said that not many people turned up. ATTENDANCE ‘You suggested that . 4 Lots of people said they thought the dancing was good. ‘STANDARD Many commented on . 5 Now write your own answer to the task in 180-220 words. To help you, refer to the Useful language on page 195 as well as the sentences you wrote in exercise 4. PYM Sls (3 ‘> Expand on one or wo of the pointsin the input material, adding relevant information of your own. ‘+ Yourletter should be consistently formal throughout, with polite but firm language Multiple matching 1 Which walls are shown in the pictures above? What do you know about any of them? 23ED times change 2 For questions 1-15, choose from the four texts about walls (A-D). The texts may be chosen more than once. Pa eas ‘Skim through all four texts quickly to get an idea oftheir content. Read all the questions to see the kind of information you are looking for. * Read text A, then look again at the questions, answering any that you can. Do the same for the other three texts. Hf there are any questions you have not answered, scan the texts again, looking for the specific information you need. © ‘Tohelp you, parts of text A have been underlined. Match these parts to the appropriate questions. ‘As you answer the other questions, underline the relevant parts of texts B-D in the same way. According to the information given in the texts, which wall ... can be seen froma great distance? is susceptible to damage? had additional fortifications running alongside it? ‘was considered a threat to health? quickly fell into disrepair? iso longer very much in evidence? isa series of different walls which were connected? required certain people to pay money when passing through? was built with the help of prisoners? is compared favourably with other ancient monuments? 10 became unnecessary as a result of events elsewhere? 1 was partly demolished by the authorities? 12 proved to be an ideal site for commercial activity? 3 did not always achieve its purpose? 4 offers visitors an insight into the lives of the original guards? 15 Coronary PERE EEE A GUIDE TO GREAT WALLS \ Whether for keeping people in or keeping people out, all great walls have a story to tel. Tish Walsh investigates. | Erected in 1961 to prevent East German citizens crossing to | ‘Stretching for several thousand kilometres from * ‘the West, the Berlin Wall initially consisted mainly of barbed the east coast of the country to the Gobi Desert, wire and armed guards. Within months a concrete wall the Great Wall of China is said to be the only man- ‘made structure visible from outer space. The oldest ‘began to appear, to be replaced on three separate occasions b ‘by ever more sophisticated versions, increasingly resistant section was begun in 221 BC, using soldiers and to breakthroughs. On the eastside of the wall, tank traps. tocal people, as well as intellectuals who had been dit it as protection against attack, and asa Sentenced to forced labour under the repressive Qin ‘dynasty. Not surprisingly, the layers of earth used to construct the wal aon begao ‘crumble, and it was left to the later Han dynasty to further deterrent to would-be escapees. ‘Although over 170 people lost their lives in Bedin trying to flee to the West, human will and ingenuity often prevailed, | Fastore and acid to fte with a number of successful escape attempts via tunnels ” and, on one occasion, in a home-made hot air balloon. ey ro ine wall had evolved from a mere defence The 107-klometre-long structure lost its relevance in 1989, Sythe for keeping out marauciing tribes into _ a sic hale safe haven where trade could: flourish, and busting ‘country on their way to Austria and West Germany, and after tparket towns sprang up at the many busy gates. But | travel restrictions were lifted, people began to demolish ae ee ee structure with which we sections |. Now very litte of it eemains. Photographs was not added treltas ben tno aaa. the fourteenth century by Ming sing advanced, Somat bs brick-building technology. It was he who joined the is {three separate walls to create this truly impressive —— eee feat of construction.» 24Situated in the north of England at one of the narrowest. Parts of the country, Hadrian's Walls arguably the most }portant monument bullt by the Romans in Britain, Construction of the wall began in 120 AD on the orders of Emperor Hactian, who wanted to mark the northernmost boundary of his Empire. The 117-klometre wall was manned by thousands of troops, who kept watch from ‘pumerous turrets and milecasties, and who lived in.a series of forts situated at strategic locations. In the centuries following its abandonment around. AD, its stones were eee zie dtones were used by local people to build houses, stretches of the wall remain and a number of forts and museums along its length can be visited, providing a fascinating glimpse into the lives of the Roman soldiers ‘who patrolled it. though built of stone, the wall itself is vulnerable to erosion and vistors are discouraged from walking on it. Designated a Unesco World Heritage Site in 1987, Hadrian’s Wall ranks alongside some of the more famous architectural treasures in the world. O Rea 9g to the text Times change @ © inally known as Ebordcurn, York served as a military ret tomans wo were et ol ase defences on the site. However, most of the 3.5 kilometres of wall -the longest town walls in England — date from the Middle Ages. Throughout their length one can sil see a number of medieval gateways, or ‘barswhich acted as control points. Non-residents and those who were not members of a guild were charged a toll on items brought into the city. ‘ status as 's second city dwindled in the stot cen Sections of the walls, blaming their décision on the high Cost of maintenance. They also argued that the walls were of no historical value and that they caused disease by preventing the free circulation of air. Local people ‘vehemently and the York Footpath Association Ect about restoring parts of the wall, confident that their work would help to attract tourists. The city and its walls ‘now receive a milion visitors every yeat. Tell your partner about a walled city you have visited. Give your impressions of the place, as well as any historical information you know. Language focus 2: Nouns in formal English ©) Lovkat the following pairs of sentences. In each case the first sentence is an alternative way of expressing the second sentence, which appeared in the reading text above, What differences do you notice between each pair of ‘sentences? Comment on the use of nouns and verbs. 1. a The Emperor Hadrian ordered his men to begin building the wall in 120 AD. Construction of the wall began in 120 AD on the orders of the Emperor Hadrian... 2. a They built tank traps and ditches in order to stop ‘anyone from attacking the wall. bb ..tank traps and ditches were built as protection against attack... 3. a ...explaining that they had decided to do so because the walls were very expensive to maintain. b ...blaming their decision on the high cost of maintenance. Nouns help to convey information clearly and concisely, and are far more frequent informal written English than in conversation. For questions 1-4 below, use the information ina, which is more conversational, to complete the gaps in b, which s more formal. Example: a I thought the painting was very simple and different to anything else I'd seen before. Iwas very impressed. ‘b J was most impressed by the simplicity and originality of the painting. 1. a. He applied forthe job and he was clearly abit disappointed when he heard theyd tumed him down, b Hewas unable to hide is at their rejection of his, 2. a The employees sad they thought it would be a good idea ifthe company reduced the working day by just a litte, bit management sad they didn’t approve ofthe idea atall. b Management voiced thei employees’ inthe working day. 3. a Thaveto tell you thatl'm not satisfied with the service you offer. often have to wait along time for things to get here, even though you say that you send them sooner than 24 hours after you receive an order. b I mustexpress my with the standard cof your service. Delivery of goods is often subject to despite your___that ‘orders are dispatched within 24 hours. 4 a People ail to understand how importantits to recycle waste, and think it's because they don't know anything about the environment and they don’t get taught enough aboutit a school. frong__of the b People’s_____tounderstandthe of recycling wastes the. of alack of environmental ‘and insufficient on the subject. In 1~4 above, there are more verbs ina than in b, and more nouns in b than in a. What other differences do you notice between the language used in informal and formal registers? 25mes change Multiple matching © 1545 Youwithear tive MOEEREEEREEETERSETS short extracts in which people are talking about changes in their lives. While you listen you must complete both tasks. ‘Tomake your first Part 4 Listening easier, there are only six options, not eight, to choose from in each task. TASK ONE For questions 1-5, choose from the list A-F what led to the change in the Iife of the speaker. A the desire to avoid ‘Speaker 1 1 unwanted attention B the desire to travel ‘Speaker 2 7 © the desire to maintain a positive relationship Speakers : D the desire to be challenged E the desire to show other Speaker 4 z people were wrong F the desire to futfilan ambition Speaker 5 5 ‘+ Part 4 consists of a multiple-matching format in which ‘there are five short monologues on the same theme. ‘= There are two connected tasks. For each task, you must choose five correct answers from a list of eight options. ‘+ Inthe exam you will have 45 seconds to read through the tasks. © You hear al the extracts once, then the whole sequences played again. TASKTWO For questions 6-10, choose from the list A-F how the speaker feels about this change. A excited Speaker 1 6 B regretful ‘Speaker 2 7 ashamed ‘Speaker 3 8 D scared Speaker 4 E grateful : F proud Speaker 5 10 3 ©) Taktoyourpariner about a time in your life when something changed. Mention the following in relation to the change: © the reasons for it how easy or difficult it was your feelings before and afterwards other people's attitudes the consequences of the change 26Times change @& Vocabulary: Changes A Verb + noun collocations ©) when or why might you change each of the items in the box? Example: You might change your doctor if you moved house or if you weren't happy with the treatment you were receiving. yourdoctor yourname yourmind your tune gear thesubject sides places atyre your ways B Adjective + noun collocations The following adjectives can all be used with the noun change. Complete each of the sentences 1-4 with a suitable group of adjectives a-d. All of the adjectives in each group must be appropriate for the sentence you choose. a economic/political/social b dramatic/sudden/considerable ¢ pleasant/refreshing/welcome d_farreaching/significant/sweeping 1 Ttmade alan change to see Alex in a suit. He looked very smart, for once. 2. The Government has announced plans to make changes to the tax system next year. 3 The pace of. change has been rather slow in this country recently. 4 The lottery win brought about a/an change in her circumstances, which she is finding it difficult to cope with. © Rewrite sentences 1-4 so that they are true for you/your country/the world in general. Use the words in bold, together with an appropriate adjective. Compare your sentences with those of other students in your class. C Other verbs of change For questions 1-5 decide which word, A, B, Cor D best fits each space. The verb you choose must be appropriate for the gaps in both sentences. The words in bold are typical collocates of the verb. 1 a Ittookhimawhileto to being a parent. b Youcan ‘the height of the chair by pulling this lever here. A. switch B alter vary D adjust 2 a Theold windmill has been Into a small guest house. b Graham Greene to Catholicism at the age of 21. A transferred B transformed C converted — D adapted 3 a Prices according to the time of year you decide to travel. 1b We were advised to the children’s diet as much as possible. A adapt B shift ¢ vary D modify 4 a Members of the rock group were asked to their behaviour or else leave the hotel, b Wehad to the design of the car to take account of the rough terrain. A modify _B amend € transfer D convert 5 a Twelve European countries over to the euro on January 1" 2002. bI ‘shifts with Brian so I could go to my sister's wedding. A shifted B switched € transformed D altered 27@O Review Language focus: Talking about the past In 1-8 below, write one ofthe auailiary verbs from the box in the first space and an appropriate verb inthe correct form in the second space. Use each auxiliary verb once only. There is ‘an example at the beginning (0). have has having had would. was were been did 0 Thephonerang just aswe 1 the house. 1 twas the first time |__ abroad. ere _ leaving ________ fis ambition, he promised ‘to spend more time with his family. Since ve known him he that uit twice, Hewasto he was injured in a league match, W's years since dinner by my partner. When we wee little, my dad often ___usastory atbedtime. Td have liked to have oa second chance, but it wasnt possible. {wasn't allowed to see the film, but they ‘me read the book, inthe final, but ‘outto Vocabulary: Changes 1 ©) For 1-8, decide whether the meaning of the two items of vocabulary is more or less the same or different, Explain any differences in meaning. Example: 0 transfer money/convert money Different. When vou transfer money, you move it from one place to another, eg from one account to another. When you convert money, you change it from one currency to another. change sides/switch sides eau keNe 2 Match each of the verbs in the box with the group of words which collocate The first one has been done for you. switch to the euro/convert into euros adjust to university life/adapt to university life adjust a piece of clothing/alter a piece of clothing convert a farm into a hotel/transform a farm into a hotel change your ways!modily your behaviour change your waysichange your tune vary the menu/adapt the menu djust_ convert. modify vary the menu/your routine/in size to Islam/dollars into euros/the loft into a bedroom —__ your belt/the straps on a bag/the brakes on a car ‘TV channels/university courses/from dictatorship to democracy our language/your views/a piece of equipment wawne | 28 switch varyTimes change @& Multiple-choice cloze om 1 Read the following text quickly, ignoring the gaps for the moment. Is the writer of the text generally positive or negative about the experience of the first immigrant workers in Britain? 2 For questions 1-12, read the text again and then decide which answer (A, B, C orD) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). CHANGING COUNTRIES (0) a new life and hoping for a significant (1) ____in their standard of living, foreign workers began flocking into Western Europe during the 1950s. In Britain, some of the first immigrants arriving from the West Indies and the Indian subcontinent were welcomed by brass bands, but the dream of a new life soon (2)_ sour for many. Attracted by the promise to earn good money and learn new skills, the reality they found was often one of low wages and, in many (3)__, unemployment. Some did not adapt (4)_ ina country of cold weather, cold welcomes and discrimination. The (5)_ of West. Indian immigrants (6)___into the inner cities, areas that were already fraught with social tensions caused by poverty and (7)__ housing. There were cases of open hostility towards the newcomers; in 1958, riots (8)___ out in Notting Hill, West London, when gangs of white youths Yet despite the (9)___ difficulties they encountered, many foreign workers did manage to {10) __ to their new conditions, settling in their new adopted country and prospering. Their contribution had the effect not only of speeding up the (11) __ of economic change in the 0 A Searching B Wishing © Seeking D Leading 1 A switch B change © modification D variation 2 A tured B converted € switched © D changed 3 A occasions B examples © ways D cases 4A closely B greatly C easily D normally 5 A most B percentage € majority —_ D_ number 6 A changed B lived © arrived D moved 7 A poor B low C few D weak 8 A broke B carried © came D started 9 A several B high € numerous D heavy 10 A amend B adjust ¢ tum D alter 11 A growth B motion © pace D step 12 Atransformed B transferred € modified shifted 29Speaking: Collaborative task Cam ©) Me pictures all show different ways of obtaining information. Talk with your partner about the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and then decide which is the most effective and which the least effective in providing information. * What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? ‘+ Whichis the most effective method and the least effective method in providing information? Th DM it HH tile Tee ina | Useful language aus In 1 and 2 below, the adjectives and verbs in the boxes can all be used in the eet corresponding sentence. Mark each adjective P or N, according to whether it has a s positive or negative meaning. Adjective Verb efficient getting costly obtaining 1 Thisis(n')avery |convenient | methodof | accessing | information. unreliable finding frustrating gathering cost-effective Verb Adjective provide biased. 2. lWThey can give information which is _| misleading. broadcast accurate. publish up-to-date. useless. comprehensive. reliable. limited. 30Gathering information Ga Reat Multiple choice ra You are going to read three extracts which are all concerned with ways of gathering information. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Pia a koe) '* In Part 1 of the Reading Paper, there are three short texts, all on the same theme. The texts are ‘taken from a variety of sources including newspapers, magazines, journals, books and leaflets. '» For each text there are two multiple-choice questions, each with four options to choose from. The {questions test a number of features including detail (question 2 below), comparison (question 3), reference question 4), opinion and tone (question 6). L Penman '» Before answering the questions on an individual text, read the whole of it frst. '* Eliminate the options which are clearly wrong and choose the best answer, Smart Shoes decide on television time Sports shoes that work out whether thelr owner has done enough exercise to warrant-time in front of the television have been devised In the UK. The shoes, dubbed Square Eyes, contain an electronic pressure sensor and a tiny computer chip to record how many steps the wearer hhas taken in a day. A wireless transmitter passes the information to a receiver connected to a television, and this decides how much evening viewing time the wearer deserves, based on the day's exertions. The design was inspired by a desire to combat the rapidly ballooning waistlines among British teenagers, says Gillian Swan, who developed Square Eyes as a final-year design project at Brunel University in London, UK. ‘We looked at current Issues and childhood obesity really stood out, she says. ‘And | wanted to tackle that with my design.’ Once a child has used up their dally allowance gained through exercise, the television automatically switches off. And further time in front of the TV can only be earned through more steps. Existing pedometers normally clip onto a belt or slip into a pocket and keep count of steps by measuring sudden movement. Swan says these can easily be tricked into recording steps through shaking. But her shoe has been built to be harder for lazy teenagers to deceive. ‘It is possible, but it would be a lot of effort, she says. ‘That was one of my main design considerations.’ 1. Gillian Swan's purpose in creating the special shoe was to A prove a link between passive entertainment and obesity. B help teenagers to lose weight and become fitter. € reveal how teenagers prefer to spend their time. D find a way of staying in good condition while watching TV. 2 What does Swan say was of particular importance during the development of the shoe? A. creating a product that would always be in demand B designing a shoe that teenagers were willing to wear © making sure the technology could not be damaged D ensuring that the information the shoe provided was reliable 31EW Gathering information EXTRACT FROM A NEWSPAPER COLUMN 3 ‘The writer mentions a small desert creature in line 21 in order to "colony to pop its head above ground, ‘emphasize serene incense A the dea of him becoming iti be it subtle or foxball, a seated nt seer oe oie iaih B the vast number of people who have same time, I would like to consider answers that accurately reflected caraccidents. ‘myself a man that does not go out Of yy opinion. These were to be on a C the distance that existed between ‘his way to make the lives of others scaje of (which J was informed him and the researcher. difficult, even if they interrupt the teant extremely dissatisfied) to D the lack of control that people have event oftheseason.Itis or Perhaps something approaching over their own lives this reason that Ldid not hang up ®81 Gv rioyed?). This, however, became 31 Se "heard the market researcher announce Mi acess soon 4 This in line 31 refers to she was conducting a survey on after quesjon number ten. By now 1 A the scale used to reply to the ‘bohalf of my insurance company. ‘no longer had the wll to distinguish questions. Having recently rceveda sctlement POV. boy eatinfied were B the type of questions in the survey. foraminor motor vehicle accident, ey, with the time ittook to process C the writer's answering of the 1 sopposed Iwas simply somewhere J ..'csim’ and "And how satisfied calicalinn ‘onallist of computer-generated phone ‘were you with the way your claim D the attitude of the researcher as she calls—and justhappenedto pick up yas processed’ and then ‘And how asked the questions. the receive before hundreds of ther Sisfid were you with the entire fnmurmoeclaimant,tkeasmall —, “to or wecensing yours?” ‘D1 desert creature'being the first of its o JUNK and in the hoge pulping plant and pay per factories ~ ‘elfreproach to have dismissed thetr lives so casually, 5. Inthe first paragraph we learn that Chrissy A. gave no thought to global issues. B had few friends and acquaintances. € rarely considered the consequences of her actions, D was not interested in the information she had been sent. 6 The writer's tone throughout the extract suggests that he is A. critical of Chrissy for her insensitivity. B opposed to the production of junk mail € concerned about the workers he mentions. D full of admiration for human resourcefulness. © Reacting to the texts Do you think Square Eyes would be successful in tackling obesity? In what ways can market research invade your privacy? How effective do you think junk mail is? 32Gathering information @ Language focus 1: Hypothetical past situations A Wishiif only and alternatives D®) Lookatthe following sentence from the third reading text. !fonly she had seen them, seen their disappointment as she hurled their creation back in their honest faces. (line 5) Ifonly is used to add emphasis to hypothetical situations. With past events it can also be used to express regret andlor criticism. Look at the following altermative ways of saying the same thing, 1 Ifonly.. 2 Iwish... 3 I'drather/sooner... Ineach case: 2 Did she tell him? b How does the speaker feel about this? ©) the subjectis the same in both parts of a sentence introduced by would rather, would sooner, would prefer to or would like to, a perfect infinitive is used when referring to the past eg: I'd rather/sooner have seen it with subtitles. Wouldn't you? ‘She'd prefer to have travelled on her own. He'd like to have come but he's very busy these days. How does the meaning change if the present infinitive, see, travel and come, is used in these sentences? she hadn't told him, Practice For 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning tothe fst sentence, 1 {do think you might have phoned earlier. I wish __ 3 We don't think you should have done that. We'd rather___ 4 Don't ouregret not going to university? Don't you wish 5. Ifonly you'd mentioned it before! You should 1 6 Doyou wish you had stayed longer? Would you like 2 B Past conditionals conditional sentences can be used to talk about imaginary situations inthe past, asin this example from the text: Chrissy had seen them, she would have wept bitter tears of self reproach to have dismissed their lives so casually. Mines 8-9) Here is a more formal way of expressing the underlined partof the sentence: Had Chrissy seen them, she would have wept... 2. Match each sentence beginning 1-6 with an appropriate ending af. Example: 1 ¢ 1. If she hadn't found his name on the Internet, 2. Had I know it was going to rain so heavily, 3. ithadn’tbeen for her quick thinking, 4 If didn’t have three kids and a mortgage, 5 li they hadn't lost ther last three matches, & {fl got into trouble at schoo, ‘a she could have had a serious accident, b they'd be top of the league now. € they might never have seen each other again. _ my parents used to stop my pocket money. Td have given up this job a long time ago. I would have taken my waterproof. 3 Look at the sentences in 2 and answer these questions. 1. Which sentences are third conditionals? 2. Which sentences include a combination of past and present time reference (mixed conditionals)? 3. Which sentence uses the past simple to refer to past time? © Fead more about the points in sections A and B above in Part of the Grammar reference on pages 217 and 218. Practice 1. Rewrite the ideas expressed in the following sentences using the structures studied in A and B above. Write one sentence for each situation, using a different structure each time. Example: We didn’t get back in time to see him. It was a real shame. Hfonly in 1. He didn't revise for his exams. He regrets this now. 2 | didn’t take any books with me on holiday. | got realy bored. 3. I's good ob Steve was there. Thanks to him we were able to get the car started. 4. Myparents bought me a video recorder. DVD player would have been better. 5. I couldn't see the film on telly last night. That was a pity —1 really wanted to. 6 MyFrench isn’t very good. That's probably why I didn’t get the job. 7 They showed us all their holiday snaps. I was hoping to watch the football 2 © Witha partner write a six-line dialogue. The first or last line ofthe dialogue must be one ofthese sentences, | wish you'd tld the truth. Vrather you hadn't lent it to him if only you'd been there — it was so funny. I'd love to have seen his face when he found out Ifit hadn't been for your stupidity, we wouldn‘tbe inthis mess. 3 ©) Read yourdialogue to another pair of students, but do not read out the sentence from 2. Can the other students ‘guess which sentence you chose? 33EW Gathering information Word formation: Adjectives and adverbs 1 Look back at the second reading text on page 32. Which suffix is added to all of the following nouns to create adjectives? count heart point 2 Using the suffixes in the box, write the corresponding adjective for each of the words below. The same suffix is needed for all three words in each group, though spelling changes may be required in some of them. The exercise begins with an example (0). cory ess able -ent ative ial ic. | ous. -y 0 allergy alleraic science scientific. drama dramatic 1. approach apply believe 2 argument administer provoke 3. introduce contradict prepare 4 chat sama rock 5 luxury mystery monster 6 end price sleep 7 persist appear obey 8 manager secretary territory 3 Complete cach gap with the appropriate form of the word in capitals at the end of the line. The word you need may be an adjective or an adverb. A negative affix may also be needed. The exercise begins with an example (0). © don’t understand how he got the job. He's far too_incompetent_ COMPETENCE. to be put in charge of a school. 1 Her work has been acclaimed for its sensitivity of style and use of imagery. IMAGINE 2. Her performance at work was considered SATISFY and her contract was not renewed. 3 Itis becoming difficult for artists to obtain INCREASE, public funding for their work. 4 Theassistants in Gamidges are unhelpful and . COURTESY shall shop elsewhere in future! 5 My grandfather was extremely about KNOWLEDGE astronomy; the planets were his great passion. 6 We strayed from the path at some point and got lost. HOPE 7 Although several companies made______losses, the SUBSTANCE market as a whole was buoyant, 8 The bookcase was placed near the door to hide STRATEGY a huge crack in the wall. Reports Read the following Part 2 task, then look at the two sample answers on page 35 and decide which is better. You have been asked to write a report for an international research company about the nature and quality of advertising in your country. You should: * describe some of the positive and negative aspects of ‘two different forms of advertising in your country. * say how effective these advertising methods are, GLonyo 24 MAU: BLOT 450Gathering information @& A B Introduction In this veport fm ing to descr same of the ‘The ai of this ropor ito outine the posite and regative positive and pects of tne diferent features of tno different forms of advercsing in my country, form of 2 how effective these hamely roadside hoardings ard banners tralled by light aircraft. i som ane heal Ie alo conederhectfecenese ofthese methods andmaie “ert. methods ww nl agpest ene or tne recommendations for improvemente. . iatrackeied to counter: Advertising hoardings | Aahterting hoardings are very colo and ‘These add a touch of colour and sometimes humour to our chines otherwise drab urban landscapes. oe ae | Sigel re fey _ ie ve a posters and the pithiness ofthe accompanying slogans attract. | 0h grey cities Mis cetowon ottasene Wionitay mate erento interesting Sogans and trat macs poeple ok at memorable ‘them and remiewber them. But them in the. ide. too, Unfortunately, however, hoardings are also to be found in rural te init comets toes sesso ape ag aaceen arace| | ee ohn lat tee ty eld rr Inadaition, the advertisementa can lead drvers to lose their “They ho cave accidents becarce people lok: at concentration momentarly and area relatwalycomion cause of them when these driving. aecidents, Bamers plled by call ako cane Acroplane advertising accidents, The for a long. time: over Equally dotracting are banners attached to light aircraft, which te cites and Theyre wots and that fy for xended periods vr our but-up areao and popular invitates les and thes, ie vp a lot of petra. coastal resorte Furchermore, the nol is a conelderabe source isasart itation to local residents and the consumption of lange teers : {quantities of ar fvl can only be harm to the environment. Be amar he we vy cof here (On the other hand, aeroplane be rly enj Hehe eget ae teats other ha ne barners are currently enjoying Pee ete ges area’ eucoos hore ao an adhering edu. Tie age teal anes ey due to the originality of the approach and ite difterence from | thine they shoul woke illegal to have- aloe uaticraiares beavelngs in the: countritide and not let aeroplanes with banners fy for very lng. Recommendations To decourage noise, air ard vieual pollution | would recommend That woud ctop all the: noize, the pollen and the tering the ncation of handing roma nace and views. And heardings shold be cwaller becawe- imiting the amount of fying time for advertieing arcra. i Mae Lee ca | entoy ngt ms ene caused by dlotracted drivers. 2 ©) Thecontent of the two answers is roughly the same, but the type of language used is very different. Work with your partner. ‘Comment on the following features in each answer: linking devices number of nouns types of adjective What other differences do you notice? Find examples in A of how the writer makes reference to his/her country. 3 Write your own answer to the task on page 34. How to go about '» Decide on the two forms of advertising. Choose from TV, radio, Internet, mailshats, telephone, ‘newspapers and magazines, fiers, transport, sports events or ary other medium used in your country. ** For each method, note down your ideas in four separate columns: Positive aspects, Negative aspects, Effectiveness, Recommendations. * Look atthe adjectives in section C on page 210 and decide which, if any, will be relevant to your answer. * Decide how you will organize your ideas into paragraphs. The paragraph structure in the two sample ‘answersis one possiblity. How else could you structure your report? © Write your report using a consistently formal style. Aim to use a wide renge of vocabulary and a ‘greater number of nouns than verbs. 35BED Gathering information Multiple choice 36 al Do you know where the following languages are spoken? Sami Breton Ladin Provencal Frisian Galego ©) 1.10 Youwill hear a woman called Helena Drysdale being interviewed about her research for a book on minority languages. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, Cor D) which fits best according to what you hear. UU Ta eae aU ee Part 3 of Paper 4 Listening always contains six multiple-choice questions about a conversation between two or more speakers. The recording lasts approximately four rinutes. 1 The main purpose of Helena’s journey was to A establish precisely where Europe's minority languages are spoken. B investigate the effects of climate and location on language. C calculate the exact number of minority languages in Europe. D assess the current condition of Europe's minority languages. 2. One problem of living in the mobile home was that, A. there wasn’t much space. B the children had nowhere to play. C it became very hot. D they all got bored with each other. 3 What does Helena say about the people she met? A. Notall of them spoke a minority language. B Some were more willing than others to express their views. C Intellectuals gave more biased information than other people. D Older people had a rather unbalanced view of the situation, 4 Welearn that people who were punished for speaking Provencal A. did not take their punishment seriously. B felt they were treated unfairly. © were made to feel embarrassed. D regretted what they had done. 5 What point does Helena make about some local people in a tourist area? A They are not interested in preserving their culture. B They complain too much about tourists. They sell their land in order to make large profits. D Their actions are not consistent with their opinions. 6 According to Helena, language A. enables people to express their emotions. B isan expression of one’s identity. € is the key to integration. D_ makes everyone different. ©) Are any minority languages spoken in your country? Is anything done to ensure their survival? Do you think more could or should be done? Helena says: If you spoke a different language, you'd be a different person. Do you agree with her? Why/Why not?Gathering information @&E Language focus 2: Present and future condi: ‘Match each of the conditional sentences from the listening with one of the explantions ac. Zero conditional: if youcuta tree back, it grows much stronger. First conditional: if no positive action is taken, they'll simply die out. Second conditional: if you spoke a different language, you'd be a different person. ‘a animaginary situation in the present or future ba possible future situation and its probable result a situation which is always true Look at the following alternative structures to those used in ‘wo of the above examples from the listening, First conditional If happen tolshould makes an event seem more unlikely, or | more of a chance possibility. ‘fIhappen to... see anything I think she might like for her birthday, I buy it fl should (happen to)... In more formal contexts, the following inversion is possible: Should you require any further information, please do not hesitate to contact us. Second conditional A If-+were to+ verb also makes an event seem more unlikely, if | were to tell the boss what you've just said, he'd probably ack you. Again, an inversion is possible in formal contexts: Were you to accept our proposal, some funding would be made available to you. B_ Compare the following two structures. Which refers to the present and which to the past? If it weren't for my dog, 'd probably go away more. Ifit hadn't been for his time in prison, he might have got the job. C_Supposing/Supposellmagine can all be used instead of if, especially in everyday speech. Imagine you lost your job. What would you do? For 1-6 below, find one unnecessary word in each sentence or pair of sentences. The word is either grammatically Incorrect or does not it in with the sense ofthe sentence(s). jonals Example: If you would have enough time, will you help me to clean the garage out? 1 fitweren't broken for my leg,‘ definitely run inthe London Marathon next month. 2. It’s very unlikely you'll see her atthe concer, but if you should happen bump into her, give her my regards, won't you? 3 She's always moaning about him —1 wouldn't be in the least bitsurprised if she would spit up with him soon. 4 know you don’t think there's much chance of it happening, but just suppose you did win frst prize. How do you think you'd spend all that money? 5) Imagine that you came face to face with a bull: what might be the sensible thing to do? Would you have run away, for example? 6 Weld have to come to some sort of decision ourselves if the meeting were to put off for any reason. If + willlwould/going to Insome situations ifcan be followed by will, would or going to in the same clause. Match each of the functions inthe box with one ofthe sentences 1-6, according to the idea expressed in the if clause. The exercise begins with an example (0). Wilingness Refusal Intention Request Insistence Result 0 Ifyou'll come this way, Ms Taylor will see you now. Request 11 Ifyouwill keep eating chocolate, i's no wonder you're putting on weight. 2. Ifyouwon't tum your music down, we'll just have to call the police, 3. fill help you relax I'll get you a drink or something. 4 If we're going to go for awalk, I think we should leave now. 5 If you would just let me explain, I'm sure you'd change your mind. © choose three of the sentences in exercise 1 and foreach one rewrite the second clause (the part after the comme). Ask your partner to match each of the new sentence halves to an appropriate if lause in exercise 1. Example: 0. ...I"l how you where the lift Ie. ©D ead more about present and future conditionals in Part B of the Grammar reference on page 218. 37ED Gathering information 1 ©) in what ways is smell an important source of information? Think of three smells which are in some way important to you, and tell your partner about them, Do you like the smells? Do they bring back any memories? What precautions would you need to take if you had no sense of smell? You are going to read an extract from a newspaper article. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra paragraph that you do not need to use. OV RON Linas © Before you start to make any choices, read through the base text (the main text with the gaps) and answer the following question: How can people's ives be affected by having no sense of smell? '* Read all the missing paragraphs and then try to decide where each one should go. (Remember, there is one extra paragraph.) Some parts of the article have been underlined to help you. When making your choices, be sure to look at the information both before and after the gap. Underline thase parts of the missing paragraphs which help you reach your decision, ** Finally, check your answers by reading the whole article again to ensure that it makes sense. Check that the extra paragraph does not ft into any of the gaps. Ge ‘She has never known the fragrance of a beautiful flower ~or been able o ell by snifing whether food is safo tooo. Lucy ‘Mangan on being born with no sense of smell {Lam not a fully sentient being, !am refering othe fact hot | «am congenitally anosmic; or as | more helpfully pu twhen prople ts penal ericec ue ap torte, ion onthe aroma, | was bor wilhout a sense of smel That experience, however, does not compare fo the time was persuaded by schoollriends that as | couldnt smell Emma Webster's perfume, | should drink i. Ths was, I recall, ‘on the grounds that taste and smell are so closely linked thot ion gee ota sone ideo of he delicous cnt ‘wos missing, Alas, all it taught me was that perfume is not a beverage, and was lf feeling sick for days, ‘and consistency to get information about food. But people. who once relied on their sense of smell do not know how to ‘cope without i” (aT an ‘And those are just the obvious things. As Jacob also notes: "You lose os of subliminal information and ns alk he emotional centres of the brain. Smells are inextricably linked with memories and form the backdrop fo your sensory experience. The smell of your first girlfriends perfume or boyfriend ofershave, anything associated with srong ‘emotion, will always trigger a rush of memory.’ [5] co Alarmed othe thought of producing sic babies, | enquire about reciment. Fer those whe have los their sense of smell through {2 infection or damage, the news is relatively {had enough sense to buy a smoke alarm, but it wasn’t until ny sister called round and nearly collapsed from the smell of hob burner! had accidentally switched on that | realised | needed a detector that would olert me aurally to gas leaks before I blew up the street. A few bouts of food poisoning alerted me othe fat at can eat fod which would caso those with functioning nasal passages to cal inthe public heelth authorities. Lnow check bestbefore dates ossidvous ‘ond treat three-day-old milk with the respect it deserves. f[ a | subscribe to the ‘what you've never had, you never miss School of thought but for those who lose their sense of mel the effect on their quality fle ean be ‘enormous. Professor Tim Jacob at Cardiff University, ‘who researches olfaction, explains “Anosmics wl have found other ways of adapting, using lexture 38 good. ‘They usually regain some ability Because the olfactory nerve is capable of regeneration,’ says David Rober, eor, ‘nose and throat consultant ct Guy's & $1 Thomas's Hospital in London [s} Lill have to soldier on, and draw what comfort can from recent exchange with an exboyfriond who, as we reminisced about our relationship scid wistfully, “You were the best girlfriend in the world. You let me eat all the garlic wanted! and it ddr’ bother you.’ Pm ‘my next personal oddon't 1 those which aend b deafness. Nevertheless, certain things do have to be token into account, end certain precautions token, which you only fully appreciate when you stor living. alone. “The tongue can only citingush the four bsic tates: biter, sweet, soll, sour. Smell detects favour and nuance, so they Daweh ‘About 17% become dinically depressed. Sor become oversnaive cui faving bed elaur ond are frightened of going out” Siro bad drug rina con purr, Noa cousin blockages alloca pasogeways ‘and surgically. But, as one See een sco ey ato! bom with, ‘ise very emotive sense’ he explains. The nerves simulated by smell send messages fo one ofthe oldest, ‘most primive parts of our bran, which is why it’ 0 integral to our lives and why people feel they cannot dowithout i.” Vocabulary: Smell Gathering information @ E _Ittook uni was seven to convince my mather ofthis. She reluclanly acknowledged the ruth of my claim ator making me sniff he fumes from her bot of nail ‘varnish remover until | ooked up hopeflly and said ‘My eyes are burning — is that what you mean?” F jinning to feel quite intrigued by this unknown eee cies ies cee eat Si ire ne cance getooe Pera reser el cotter soa eet ciectare pace ‘who anal diferent rom you, becouse sogperts they eae Skanes execactirts ony aceb ste Ta erolidionary sean ying Jo get you ko pass on hwo SSeS eee Ihave olso learned io stock my shelves with vistors os wel as mysalfin mind. Sol hove fruit teas in the house sxe hugh cppear be rong mae han an expensive way of colouring « mugful of hot water, cand herbs, even though they are a matter of supreme indifference to me. When | cook for ther people and gece sys ‘earn ofa hove hope forthe c Adjective + noun collocations 1 a Complete each gap with a word from the box. bacon bodies coffee date fruit fumes milk rubber smoke _ spices 1 The stale smell of cigarette and sweaty 2. The mouth-watering aroma of freshly brewed and sizzling 3. The acrid odour of burning, and petrol 4 The rene smell of sour and butter that has long since passed its sell-by. 5. The pungent aroma of herbs and and ripe tropical : b Where might you find the above combinations of smells? Example: 1 You might experience these smells in a night club or ata party. 2 Arrange the adjectives in bold in exercise 1 into the columns below, according to their meaning. The first one has been done for you. Positive Negative Neutral stale 3 Add the following adjectives to the columns in exercise 2. fresh faint unmistakable strong musty sweet, overpowering _ sickly 4 ©) Dothe speaking activity on page 206. 39oe Review Word formation Che 40 For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given. in capitals at the end of some of the lines to forma word that fits the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Don't forget! CAN YOU TRUST THE INTERNET? Most would agree that the golden age of the library has well and (0) _truly _ passed and that the internet has overtaken as provider oF (1) information. At the same time, there is growing awareness and (2) that online articles which seem to be based on thorough research, evidence and academic study, are not as (3) as they claim. Online, a writer has the kind of Oy powers that no ordinary journalist or author would ever have, and the reader is forced to distinguish between what is actually (5) or what is mere opinion, And even sites which were once thought to be (6) now suffer from, attacks carried out by internet vandals intending to cause deliberate (7)______with statistics, or publish personal abuse against well-known person, for example. Another (8)__issue is that of writers claiming to have academic backgrounds or @) in an area when they do not. In 2007 online encyclopedia Wikipedia admitted that one of their editors, a professor of religious studies who other editors believed to be entirely (10) , was actually a 24-year-old student called Ryan Jordan. Before he was unmasked, Jordan had made over 20,000 alterations to the entries people had posted on the encyclopedia. GLOBE, SUSPECT FACT OBJECT RELY ACCURATE, CONTROVERSY EXPERT TRUSTGathering information € Open cloze — For questions 1-15, complete the kT eae following article by writing one word ineach space. The exercise begins with an example (0). LISTENING TO VEGETABLES Scientists in Bonn have developed a method of listening to sounds from plants normally inaudible (0) tO the Ihuman ear.The basic wechnigue (1) developed in the Netherlands, but the German equipment is (2) sensitive. When a leaf or stem issliced, the plant signals pain or dismay (3) ___ releasing the gas ethylene over its entire surface. The gas molecules are collected in a bell jar and bombarded with laser beams, (4) _ makes them vibrate: The resultant sound waves are amplified in a resonance tube,(S)____detected with a sensitive microphone. ‘The (6) ___a plantis subjected to stress, the louder the signal. (One suxprising result came from an apparently healthy cucumber that was virtually shouting (7) agony. (8) closer study showed it (9)__ developed mildew, a harm Fanggus, though the symptoms were (10) apparent. Listening to plants in ths (11) ___could be of great benefit to farmers as an eatly-warning system to detect pests and disease, and as an aid to efficient storing and transporting. Apples, for instance, give (12) ___ high levels of ethylene, increasing with ripeness and causing neighbouring fruit (13) ____rot. Invisible differences of ripeness (14) __be detected acoustically enabling uit to be separated into batches in order to prolong (15) ___ freshness Key word transformations For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given. Here isan example (0). 0 Ifthe bank refuses to lend us money, we might have to ask your parents instead. REQUEST Ifthe bank turns _down our request for a loan, we might have to ask your parents instead. 11 Having a holiday together was a mistake because we argued all the time. NEVER wish on holiday together because we argued all the time. 2. You were not supposed to tell anyone about my news! SECRET Vd rather. instead of telling everyone! 3 Although | wanted to quit smoking gradually, my doctor fold me to stop immediately. PREFER ' up smoking gradually, but my doctor told me to stop immediately. 4. would find Andy more attractive ithe didn't laugh at strange things. SENSE Witwere___ _— humour, | would find Andy quite attractive. 5 Ifyou should ever come to France, please feel free to visit us. HAPPEN Please feel free to visit us to France. 6 Patrick is going to lose his job if he insists on arriving late to work. KEEP i Up late to work, Patrick is going to lose his job. 7 The most likely reason forthe scientists getting the conclusion wrongs that they were not thorough ‘enough with their research PROBABLY If their research had been more thorough, the scientists tothe wrong conclusion. ‘8 Tom should have admitted his mistake, because the company usually gives employees another chance. ‘SECOND The company might if he had admitted his mistake. 4Cela Gg Reading Introduction In Paper 1 you have | hour 15 minutes to answer 34 questions in four different parts. In this unit we will look at some of the techniques and approaches you should adopt in order to complete the Reading Paper in the time allowed. Parts 1 and 3: Multiple choice Both Parts 1 and 3 consist of texts followed by multiple-choice questions, which focus on a variety of aspects including details, opinions, attitudes and the author's purpose. Part 1 contains three texts on the same theme followed by two multiple-choice questions ‘on cach text, Examples may be seen in units 3, 7 and 13. Part 3 contains one text followed by seven multiple-choice questions. T typical of those found in this part of the Reading Paper: isk below is © duickdy read the following magazine article, which contains an interview with the musician Chris Rea, and a review of album Dancing Down the Stony Road. Does the article encourage you to listen to or buy the record? Why (not)? Read the article again, For questions 1-7, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. Underline the parts of the text which help you make your choices. Example: 1C. © Each correct answer in Parts 1, 2 and 3 receives two marks, * In Part 3 the questions follow the same order as the information in the text, although the final question may test Understanding of the text as a whole. '* Many of the wrong options, or distractors, express ideas which are similar to, but not the same as, those expressed in the text Each of the highlighted sections in the text expresses an idea which might cause you to choose the wrong option for the ‘question in brackets. As you answer each question match the highlighted section to the distractor and say why its the wrong answer. eg (1) A. He said it might be better if it were shorter The second sentence in the next paragraph confirms this. He did not say it was shorter and therefore better than his other work. In hospital and facing death, Chris Rea decided it waste to make the blues music he really loved. And it's wonderful, says ‘Mark Ediwerd, am feeling guilty as I approach Chris Rea’ studios. A couple of months earlier, his record company had sent ‘me his new album to sound out my opinion, Is fantastic, Ttold them, the best thing he’ ever done ~a collection of raw, powerful delta blues and gospel tunes that would_ amake the world reapprase their idea of Chris Rea. And then — almost as an afterthought, in case this all sounded too gushing — (1) I added that it might benefit fom being alitle shorter. ‘Afterall it was a radical change of direction from a man ‘best known for soft-rock hits like On the Beach and Road to Hell Perhaps a slightly shaved running length would make it less daunting? Since then I have found out that I had been sent only half of the tracks Rea wanted to release. He wanted the new album to be a double. His record company, East West, didn’t. The disagreement proved final. Rea left ast West and opted to release the new album, Dancing | Fool if you think it’s over Down the Stony Road, on his own label, Jazzy Blue. ‘As [neared his studios, began to wonder if my throwaway comment had proved to be the final staw in the mind of some East West executive that a double was out of the ‘question; or — much worse — if someone had even told Rea what I'd said.As our interview began, I confessed. (2) To ry surprise and immense relief, Rea laughed and thanked me. Afier nearly aquarter ofa century of dealing with major record labels, he was glad to be free. While just about every musician can reel offalist of complaints about their label, Ra's label relationships have Jed him to be trapped in what he terms (3) ‘this horrible executive rock thing’ for 25 years.A man who fell in love with the delta blues of Blind Willie McTell and snw a career for himself along the lines of guitarist Ry Cooder found himself insta bracketed for his vocals alongside Dire Straits and Phil Collins, flowing the huge success of his earl single Foo! (If You Think Its Over. “Thad no ambitions to be a singer} he says."That was an accident, and I went along with it because its beter than 42being on the dole in Middlesbrough. And you think, next time around I'l lip into what I really want to do ...but i never exactly happened? Once his record company knew that he could write middle-of-the-road hits, (4) they ‘wanted more of the same. Rea doesnt blame them; he blames himself for being too compliant.‘ always protest ‘mitigating circumstances: an instinctive working-class fear ofthe suit eb actually a filing of mine, not their. T've always been very keen to help get the job done-To do ‘what’ required.” Tetook the prospect of his own death for Rea to finally ‘make the album he’s been dreaming of al these years. Rea has had a series of operations over the past eight years, the last of which he was told that he had little more than a 50/50 chance of surviving. As he was being wheeled into the operating theatre, he thought,‘T've got to get through this, I can't die yet because (5) the sound that the andience Jove when I play live I haven't actually got on record. That became the aim when I came out. don't know how many copies the new album will sll. But what I do know is that Tl stamp my name on it? ‘Quite right too. Dancing Down the Stomy Road is a marvellous mix of moaning blues, pleading gospel tunes, and raucous stomps. 6) It's the perfect setting for Ra's ‘What was the writer's first reaction to Rea's new album? A He preferred its length to that of his other work. B He liked the music but not the lyrics. © Itwould change public opinion about the aa D Itwould appeal to a wide audience. Before meeting Rea, the writer was concerned that A his remarks had adversely affected the musician's career. B the musician might have taken his remarks too seriously. © his opinions would be considered too superficial. D he might be accused of being hypocritical. ‘What does the writer say about Rea’s musical career? A. Rea treated music like any normal job. B Rea felt it had become too business oriented. € It gave Rea the chance to play with top musicians. D Rea was compared to musicians he had never emulated. ; What do we learn about Rea’s relationship with his former record company? A. He felt they were demanding too much of him. B He was always very critical of their approach to the music business. © They thought he was incapable of writing any other type of music. D He failed to impose his own will in his dealings with them. Ready for Reading gravelly voice and for his amazing guitar playing. I easier to see Rea’ connection to these songs. When the slide guitar and moans ofthe opening track give way toa huge, distant bass drum and an exquisite piano rffand suddenly ea sings,‘Come on easy rider, give me something for my pain; you know he isn some rock sta toying wich the vocabulary of poor bluesmen.Thisis eal pain he' talking about. You can also hear it in the unearthly guitar solo chat rips che songs apart. Easy Rider’ explains Rea,'comes from the days following the operation’ t Rea, however, believes he’ always had the blucs."When you'r in Middlesbrough and your dads ice-cream shop is four doors down from the unemployment exchange, znd con a Wednesday afiernoon the rest ofthe town shuts, but your dad won' let you shut and you only get the drunks from the unemployment exchange... He shudders at the ‘memory had this huge fear that Yd spend my life in that shop. I used to go upstairs to check the stock. And I'd sit there playing the guitar and it would stop me from getting frightened The idea of music asa way of exorcising your fearsis revisited on Dancing the Blues Away,an upbeat track on the new album that ~ (7) don’ tell RaseWest — is surprisingly radio-friendly. Even playing the blues it seems, Rea cant help creating catchy tunes. 5 What does Rea say about his new album? A It was recorded during a concert. B He wanted the title of it to be his name. C Heis unsure of its potential for commercial success. D Itwas delayed because of his poor health. 6 What does the writer say about the new album? A. The beginning is rather too loud and overdramatic. B Rea has adapted his voice to suit the style of music. € Itcontains material which is based on personal experience, D Thelyrics are faithful copies of those used by early blues artists. 7 The writer believes that ‘Dancing the Blues Away’ A will have popular appeal. B isentirely different to the rest of the album. € isan attempt by Rea to come to terms with his ast. D will not please his former record company. 43Ready for Reading Part 2: Gapped text 1 Part 2 consists of a text from which six paragraphs have been removed and placed in a different order after the text. You have to decide which gap in the text each paragraph has been removed from. This task tests your understanding of text structure and your ability to predict how a text will develop. It is important, therefore, that you first familiarize yourself fully with the base text (the main text with the gaps) in order to gain an overall idea of the structure and content of the text. 2 @) Lookat the headline and introductory sentence for the newspaper article. How do you think you make the perfect pizza? What could go wrong when making one? 3 Read through the base text (ignoring the questions in italics). Are any of your ideas from exercise 2 mentioned? 4 Read the base text again. For each gap in the base text, read the paragraphs on either side of it, together with the questions in italics, to help you predict the general content of the missing paragraph. 5 For questions 1-6, choose which of the paragraphs A-G fit into the numbered gaps inthe article. There is one extra paragraph | * Pree oe roa © Read all the paragraphs before you start to make any choices, '* Asyou decide on your answers, underline \words or phrases in the base text which show links with the missing paragraphs. Relevant parts of the missing paragraphs have already been underlined to help you. Check your answers by reading through the work surface wth one hal oft hanging over the edge. (One hand pressed and stretched and the other pulled in the opposite direction. Before you could say ‘pizza Margherita’ . perfed circle ready 10 fe ‘whole aticle again to ensure that it makes ‘which does not fit any of the gaps. ‘sense, Check that the extra paragraph does not fit into any ofthe gaps. ‘A Froncesco,on the ther hand, made it. E Thisbecame dear later when the finished ilom was placed He hod trained as « baker in his native Sardinia before inthe deep oven, enduring temperatures Pd never thought groduating o pizzas at home and finally in London. He possible in kitchen. For now, though, as | waited for showed me what o do again and I tried otoke itn. The ‘my bose fo settle, Froncesco revealed one or two secrets chilled dough bals, pre-weighed at 170g, were all ready bout the whole dough-making process. ina special Fridge balow the work counter. The dough. was sicky, and Francesco worked fas. F Silently Francesco reached for his pizza paddle, scooped ‘up my work and threw it disdainfully into the red-hot B There was a point away from the fire where the pizzas go slone oven where it bumt rapidly on top ofa funeral ‘when they are firs putin. plunged the long handle deep ‘pyre of burning wood. | made up my mind that my fture inside and, feling the heaton my arms, brought i back tempts would be more werthy ofthe long traditions of sharply. The pizza slid off the paddle and landed on the pizza making. target area. Francesco quickly made one of his own to.act ‘95.0 comparison. © The al mine. | had been to to concentrate on the edges using the flat edge of my hand under my litle © Onmy next attempt, quickly goto the shaping stage finger. stared to work the dough and tried to stretch it with half the pizzz hanging over the edge. This was It did begin to tke shape, but as soon as Ile it go itiust ‘where | had gone wrong. Using only the bottom ‘went back again and didn’t gt any bigger | felt more. ‘of my honds wih my fingers working the edges | storied cand more eyes on me. ‘to do the breast stroke: fingers together, fingers apart, working and stretching It D _Instood, the dough was carefully placed on the steel 44The per It looks easy but it really isn’t, says Chandos Elletson, whose efforts turned out far from perfect. | My first pizza was cremated. | hadn’t even got to the toppings, letclone the tossing stage. | was stuck on te rlling-ou bit. {est discovered that specialist pizza chefs ~ pizzaiol ~ don't use rolling pins, they use their hands to shape the dough into perfect Girces. Francesco Saritzu, the pizzoiolo at The Park restaurant in Queen's Park, London, where | went o be a trainee forthe ‘evening, took one look ct my sory effort and sighed. It wasn’ much a circle os an eorly mop of the world. 1 J How might the author have felt at the result of his first attempt? What do you think he did with his ‘map of the world’? For real, or original, pizza making ison age-old craft, and the pizzaiolo a rue craftsman. Hei at once baker, fire stoker ‘and cook. A wood-burning oven is also cn essential part ofthe proceadins, However, beore the pizzas get fie hey Fave tobe properly shaped and it was this procedure that was sruggling wit. 2 In the paragraph which follows this gap, what or who does it in the first sentence, and he in the third, refer to? (These will be mentioned in the missing paragraph.) Do you think he is ‘struggling’ like the author? Firs it was dropped into a large pile of our and then it was mixed vith a small handful of polenta. From here it wos al hands. He pressed out the dough with his fingers all the time working in flour {nd pressing the edges out unfl a small round circle had emerged. Francesco then threw i into his hands, twirling itto shake off the excess flour He did not oss inthe air. "Tossing is for show he scid disdoinfuly, ts not necessary.” Do you think Francesco has finished making his pizza base yet? \Nowitwos my tur. | moved nervously into position and scooped upa piece of dough from is snug fray immediately sick to my fingers and when I hrew it tthe lori jst remained stuck. had to pullitoff. The nextbitis easy, or soit seems, but unless you fellow the right procedure, you sow the seeds of later failure. The object isto press out he edges, notthe cane, using the frig dct chin, Hower eterna everything insight io make it srtch into a circular shape is too rong; beer | knew hed ickedges and thin contro Ready for Reading Coe ey) | did os Francesco hed done and slapped it with the polm of my hand. This made me feel betir so I did it again. Nex | did some twiling and the flour showered everywhere. Then | noliced, to my horror, that some customers were waiching me. ‘Shall we wai the man make the pizza? a man asked his young daughter, who be was holding in his arms. 4 What might the effect be on the author of having ‘customers watching him? ‘hen he worst thing ofl happened: « hole appeared in the cane. ‘Look Daddy. There's « hol the litle gir said. looked up {rom my work cestallen. | wos defected. t's my fist evening’ | ‘edmited. Francesco stepped in wih the paddle and my second pizza went where the first one had gone: on the fire. We all ‘watched igo up in lomes. was baled and embarrassed, but! thought | was on to something. How well does the author progress in the missing paragraph for this gap? Using the information in the paragraph before this gap, 90 back to gap 1 and answer the second question in italics. Francesco noticed and applauded. My bose wos not perfectly round or even but it was certainly an improvement. Having topped itwih a thin smear ofomato sauce and some mozzarella, it was fime fo get it onto the poddle. With one determined shove the pizza went on and | asked Francesco to show me the best place for tin the oven. What will probably be mentioned in the missing paragraph for this gap? What do the pronouns they, mine and his in the paragraph following this gap refer to? ‘When they were done we hod a tating: mine was tough and crunchy in ploces, not bad in others. His wos perfec crispy ond soft everywhere. He sod: ‘The base must be absolutely even and not overworked. When you work fo hard it gets tough.’ Orders from the restaurant stored to come in and as | watched Francesco work, Rupert, the restaurant manager, ambled ove. “You can stort Singing any time, he said casualy. ‘Wait ‘Oh, didn’t we ell you? Francesco usually sings opera‘ he works’ wos at that ‘moment that his trainee headed forthe train. |Part 4: Multiple matching 1 Part 4 consists ofa text or several short texts preceded by questions or statements which you have to match with the corresponding information in the text. ‘The task requires you to scan the text in order to find the specific information you need. It is not necessary to read every word in the text to complete the task. 2 Read through the texts on page 47 to get a general idea of their content. ‘What is your impression of the people who wrote the texts? For questions 1-15, choose from the ski slopes A~E. The slopes may be chosen more than once. Where more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. _ What to pie Underline key words inthe statements before the text. Some ofthese have been done for you. bt Scan each ofthe texts, looking fr information which matches that contained inthe statements '* Each correct The statements for text A have been given. For each of these statements, underline and label the eee baie relevant section of the ext asin the example for number 2. Then do the same for texts B-E. You aero ‘may need to read more than one section of a particular text to find an answve, oie there are any statements you have not matched, scan the texts again looking forthe information you need, In which text is the following mentioned? a feature of the run which in other circumstances can pose problems 1 the need to select a run which is 2 regret at not being able to take in the scenery 3 the possibility for the skier to extend the run by taking an alternative route 4 a warning about the existence of hidden dangers 5 the protection offered to skiers on one section of the run 6 ‘the main challenge for skiers who have just learnt the essential skills 7 the quiet location of the run 8 the extreme importance attached by the resort to the maintenance of its runs 9 the proximity of the run toa number of impressive mountains 10 the sense of progress experienced by the skier who completes the run forthe firsttime 14 the need to be accompanied by someone who is familiar with the run 2 the outstanding conditions towards the top of the run 14 the possibility of a skier’s confidence being affected for a long period 13 A 46Five snow professionals tell us about some of the top ski slopes, each in its own way a world-beater. Ali Ross - Parsenn, Davos Once they've mastered the basics, the big hurdle for skiers is the run that gives them their first serious mountain experience. I’ often a dangerous period — if they try something too hard, they could end up scaring themselves silly, and it could take them years to learn how to enjoy themselves on gain. 1 is ‘tough. Parsenn, in Davos, Switzerland is a beautiful run that seems to go on for ever, all the way from the Weissfluhjoch down to Klosters. In fact, it’s about 10km long, and the vertical drop is nearly 1,500m — it will take most intermediate skiers most of the morning to get up and down again. it's nice and wide, and you never feel as if it's pushing you beyond your limits. Skit once, and you'l feel you've finally made it into the ranks of the grown- ups. B Caroline Stuart-Taylor— Ventina, Cervinia On the whole, Italian resorts have fairly good standards of piste preparation, but Cervinia is special. There, they are fanatical about their Piste-grooming. One of the runs at this resort, the Ventina, isan absolute classic. tt runs from the top of the Plateau Rosa cable car, and you can follow it for 8km down to the resort, or branch off towards Vattournenche and go even further. it’s not so flat that it's boring, and not so steep that its intimidating, and because of the grooming, there's next to no risk of any nasty surprises. Its perfect. for high-speed cruising and practising your turns. Other than at weekends, it tends not to be very ‘crowded, and the quality of the snow, especially along the upper reaches, is superb. € Becci Malthouse - Bruson, near Verbier The best snowboarding run | know has to be in Bruson, Switzerland, Not many people know about this place, which is tucked away across the valley from Verbier. The run is off piste, and a guide isa must the first time you attempt it. There's fantastic view from the top back towards Verbier, and — provided nobody else has read this — you'll get a good idea of how busy t is over there ‘compared to your side of the valley. What I love about this run is that it’s got the lot: comices, wind lips, powder fields and trees. Normally, trees can be tricky for snowboarders, but these are just right. The slope drops steeply enough that you never get stuck on flat sections, and the branches are not 0 close together that you have to fight your way through. D Jamie Strachan Pas de Chevre, Chamonix The Pas de Chevre, in Chamonix, France, runs from the top of the Grands Montets chairlift all the way down to Chamonix, but to do it, you must have a guide to show you the way. Most of the good skiing in the area is on glaciers, so you'll need to beware of the extra hazards that this throws up, such as crevasses lurking unseen. It’s an amazing ‘un at least 15km long — and it takes you through 2 landscape that doesn’t seem to belong on this planet. Towering above you is the jagged tooth of the Aiguille du Dru, one of the finest peaks in Europe, and in front of you are the hanging seracs. of the glacier - big pillars of ice formed as it breaks up on its way down the valley. it will leave you speechles E Chris Gill- Schilthorn, Murren Every January, 1,800 amateurs queue up at the top of the Schilthorn, in Murren, Switzerland, for one of the maddest ski races: the Inferno. It runs down a 16km course with a vertical drop of more than 2,000m. One of the most difficult stretches of the course is called the Kanonenrohr- the Gun Barrel. This is a narrow shelf with a rock wall on one side and a sheer drop on the other, screened with: Nets. it’s not the kind of place you start admiring the view —which isa shame, because just before you enter it, you are confronted by one of the most ‘magnificent sights in the Alps: a dramatic close-up Of the imposing Eiger, Monch and Jungfrau, which rise up on the other side of the valley. The top half of the course is one of my favourite runs; a lovely mix of groomed black sections, generous reds and challenging moguls. And that view always stops me in my tracks. 47Language Focus 1: Punctuation 1 > Read the following quotations on the theme of work, ‘Comment on each one with your partner, saying whether you like or cislke it, agree or disagree with it. Give reasons for your opinions, 1 “Work is a necessary evil to be avoided. 2 “Hard work never killed anybody, but why take a chance.” 4 “like work; it fascinates me I can sit and look at it for hours.” Ogden Nash 5 “Alotof fellows nowadays have a BA, MD or PhD. Unfortunately, they dont have a JOB.” Jerome K. r Jerome 6 “Its not the hours you put in your work that counts, i the work you putin the Fats Domino tee. 7 "Far and away the best prize that life offer’ is the chance ‘to work hard at work worth oo doing.” Ewing y Theodore Roosevelt 2. Each of the quotations above contains one punctuation mistake. Find the mistakes and correct them. ©D ead more about punctuation in the Grammar reference on page 218, 3 Punctuate the following newspaper article on working trends in Britain, Add capital letters where necessary. HOME-WORKING ifyou had the choice would you prefer to ‘work from home or in an office British ‘workers seem to be inno doubt one in four of them has given up commuting to the office in favour of a more domestic working environment and the figure is growing ‘the number of home-workers is likely to increase by more than 50% over the next five years claimed a spokesperson for Datamonitor the London-based market research company as a result of this trend consumers will spend a great deal less on certain goods and services transport petrol eating out and drinks moreover because ‘home-workers usually take fewer showers the sale of personal care products such as deodorants and soap will also be affected f the study which shows that home-workers { tend to be the more highly qualified professionals in a company says that firms are in danger of losing their best employees if they do not allow home-working unfortunately however there are some who abuse the trust which has been placed in them Datamonitor discovered that many like to watch television listen to the radio and drink alcohol while they work 4 Check your answer with the suggested version on page 206, 5 © Wratare the advantages and disadvantages of home-working? Would you prefer to work from home? 48Work time @ Formal letters: application Read the following job advertisement and Personal Assistant to make a list of the characteristics the ideal Insurance Executive candidate would possess. ‘A dynamic PA is required to work for this very busy Insurance Executive, The following is a letter of application for ade ee the job advertised in exercise 1. In questions Duties include correspondence, diary management and booking, 1-15, two of the alternatives can be used in. travel. There will also be a great deal each space. Cross out the alternative which of contact with business people ata cannot be used. The exercise begins with an high level. A minimum of five years’ example (0). telated experience is essential. (0) Dear Sir/ Bear Execative/ Dear Sir or Madam am writing in (1) reply/apply/ response to your advertisement which appears in today’s edition of the Business Times newspaper. ‘As you (2) must/can/ ill se from my (3) enclosed/attached/ enveloped CN, I have spent the last six years working at the Tadwell branch of the Excel Insurance Company. I |joined the branch as trainee secretary after leaving school and two years ago I was (4) appointed’ destined/ promoted to the (5) place/position/ post of office manager, in charge of a (6) staf/team/number of seven. My (7) dutes/chores/ responsibilities range from the day-to-day (8) conduc management/running of the office to staff training and new recruitment. I am also responsible for (9) organizing/making/sorting travel arrangements for management and visiting officals. am now interested in working in a more dynamic environment and given the experience Thave (10) acquired/gained/ learned at Excel, I consider myself well equipped to (11) respond to/take up/rise forthe challenge offered by the post of Personal Assistant. | also feel I (12) have/own/possess the necessary personal qualities to (13) meet/complete/deal with the demands of the job; have included in the CV the contact details of my branch manager, who would be (14) welcome/illing/pleased to provide you with a character reference. Tam available for interview at any time which might be convenient to you and ‘would be able to start work after serving out the two months’ notice in my (15) actual/ current/ present job. Look forward to hearing from you. ‘Yours faithfully Lara Goodrich Write your own letter of application in 220-260 words for the following job, Langua which you see advertised in an Engiish- guage School Receptionist language magazine in your country. Busy and expanding language school with 4 repulation for professional standards and lendly service requlres to rove Commer ocean rt of England, paragraphs? you might find useful ‘= Make notes about relevant experience, ski ‘which would make you suitable for the job. Think also about your reasons for applying. Remember, you can invent information, ‘= Make a paragraph plan of your letter. Look back at Lara Goodrich’s ‘application; how has she organized her information into '* Underline eny words and expressions in Lara's application which Successful candidates will have a genuine interest in people and! be able to work under pressure. They will also be reasonably fen {in both spoken and written English. IV skills and personal qualities an advantage. Previous experience useful Dut not essentialEBD Work time Listening AE Multiple matching us 1 ©) What advice would you give to someone going for a job interview? Example: Dress smartly. 2 @> 1.1141.15 You will hear five short extracts in which different people are talking about interviews they attended. While you listen you must complete both tasks. Ero el ans ‘TASK ONE For questions 1-5, choose from the list A-H the advice ‘each speaker received. A B c D zroum 50 mind your body language arrive early for the interview wear the right clothes show interest in the prospective employer hide your enthusiasm for the job practise the interview beforehand think of an unusual situation control your nerves 3 ©) you have had an interview or an oral examination, tell your partner about how TASKTWO For questions 610, choose from the list AH the Problem each speaker encountered. o7m™mo0m> feeling unwell having the wrong information not having the right personality arriving late for the interview having a slight accident not having the right qualifications being unable to answer questions. being unhappy about the pay you prepared for it, what you remember about the interview and what the outcome was. Ifyou have never had an interview, tell your partner what you would fear most about going for an interview and what you would do to overcome this fear.Work time @ Language focus 2: Gerunds and infinitives A Review © The following sentences are all from the listening, Discuss with your partner the reasons why the words underlined are in the gerund or the infinitive. Example: 1. The noun ‘way’ soften followed by the infinitive. ‘Going’ isin the gerund because it follows the preposition ‘by’ all prepositions take the -ing form of a verb, 1. The best way to prepare for an interview is by going to the company’s website. ‘They can see you've done your homework. You're not to get all uptight and on edge. Projecting self-confidence at an interview is vital for success. | put on my best suit to give me that confidence. [think | managed to hide it. Its advisable to lean forward. They recommended imagining the interviewer inthe bath. B Common problems In 1-8 below there is a mistake in one of the two sentences. Find the mistake and correct it Example: feeling a Youcan't help to-fee! sory for John, losing his job like that. b The company saysitll help him to find another, but its not the same. 1a have been made to feel very welcome in my new job. They even let me to leave early so | can pick up my son from school 2a It’staken me time to adjust to working in an open-plan office, bb still can’t got used to share the same working space with the boss. 3 a_ It'snotworth to make an effortin my job — the payis so low. And there's certainly no point taking work home at weekends 4a. We appreciate your agreeing to give a talk at the conference We would ike that you are our guest for dinner after your talk, 5 a Assoon as] get to work all the phones startringing, They don't stop toring all day. 6 a I don't mind to goto the office meal tonight, bb... but really don’t feel ike having a cocktail with the boss beforehand, | advised him to buy a new suit for his interview. {also recommended to have a haircut We were to have received a pay rise ths year. Management have admitted to have broken their promise to increase salaries, coce ©BD_ check your ideas in the Grammar reference on page 219. 2 © Work with a partner. Talk to each other about something you would miss being able to do if you lived abroad. you would refuse to do under any circumstances. youremember doing when you were a very small child. you are planning to do in the next few months. youregret doing your parents didn’t let you do asa child. you always have difficulty doing. You often forget to do C Nouns followed by the infi Each of the nouns in the box can be followed by the infinitive with to. For each question 1-5, use the information in the informal sentence a to complete the gaps in the formal sentence b, using the words in the box. You should use each word once only. effort attempts willingness opportunity capacity ability decision | determination tendency refusal 1a It’s very obvious that he really wants to get on in the ‘company and he's done a lt to get over is shyness. b Hehasshownadear___——_to make progress in the company and he has made agreat to overcome his shyness. 2a She usually thinks it’s her fault if work doesn’t get done con time, even though I've tried to tell her several times it'snot true. b Shehasa__toblame herself if deadlines are not met, despite my various to persuade her otherwise, 3. a Henever misses a chance to become a better salesman and what | admire mostis the fact that he doesn't get fed up if things aren't going well. b_ He takes advantage of every _ develop as a salesman, and his to become despondent in the face of difficulties is his most admirable quality 4 a Healso doesn’t seem very capable of controling his pupils and | think he's right to want to get out of teaching. bb Furthermore, he seems to lack the to maintain classroom discipline, and I can only support his to leave the teaching profession. 5 a Thebest things about her are that she's prepared to take on new challenges and she can handle stressful ive to situations. b_ Her greatest strengths are her to accept new challenges and her to cope with pressure, 51WD Work time Reading: Multiple matching — ©) Whatdo you understand by the title of the article: ‘The Fast Track to Burnout”? What causes ome employees to burn out? 2 You are going to read a magazine interview with four young executives who left their going rE i Jobs, For questions 1-15, choose from the executives A-D. What to expect in the exam * Part tasks are multiple-matching tasks. There are fifteen questions in total The text may be continuous or consis af a group of shorter texts, or sections of text. The following Part 4 text has been divided into sections. Teme orcas © Re-read How to go about it on page 24 of Unit 2 '* Tohelp you with numbers 1-4 below, key words in the questions have been underlined, together with the relevant parts ofthe text '* Now look at numbers 5-15 and underline the key words in the questions in the same way. Then lnderline the parts of the text which provide the answers, Of which young executive is the following true? Her sense of being unimportant did not change once she had been promoted. Her current job does not provide her with a regular income. She felt that her colleagues were being uncooperative on purpose. A project that she was working on did not turn out the way she expected. She admits to showing off the things she could afford to buy with her high salary. She accepted the job because of the benefits that were additional io the salary. She suggests that her young age meant she was unable to cope with a stressful situation She was trying to find a way to leave the company before she received a promotion. The people she worked with could not relate to @ decision she had made. She suggests a lack of money in her childhood made a high salary more desirable. 10 She believes that other people could have done her job equally well " ‘She does not have any negative feelings towards the company she worked for, 2 The feelings she had towards her promotion quickly changed. 3 One of her qualities also disadvantaged her in a certain way. 14 She wanted more freedom while she was still at a young age. 15 eoraonsena 52Work time @ The Fast Track to Burnout An ncreasing number of young executives are giving up their corporate positions after experiencing an overload of pressure and dissatisfaction with what they imagined would be a dream careen Kate Mecties {alks to four young people who turned their backs on high salaries and even higher expectations. Here's how to beat it. A Tanya Burrows bears no grudge towards the corporation that rewarded her with five promotions within the same number of years.‘At twenty-seven, | was able to buy my own luxury apartment’ she says.‘For that reason I'll always be grateful to them: Tanya admits that the high salary that came with each promotion was inresistible."We weren't poor but | don’t think my parents ever bought anything that wasn't secondhand. That definitely played a role in my motivation When someone's saying you can negotiate your own salary, is hard to say no! So what changed for Tanya? Honestly, | got sick of the materialism. got sucked in too at first ~ you'd make sure other people knew what designer labels you were ‘wearing, that they could see your cell phone was top of the range .. but it just wore thin for me!"Tanya decided to quit and pursue her real passion for photography:le doesn't offer much financial security as you don't know when you'll get your next contract, but | get to work in far more inspiring environments; she says B Lily Tan lef university with an MBA distinction and ‘was quickly snapped up by a major retail chain, In just five Years she achieved a senior management position and after receiving news of the promotion she was elated ‘Trang round just about everyone | could think of; she faughs.’But che next day felt nothing. |had no inclination to get out of bed and face the constant pressure’ Despite her sudden disillusionment, she continued to persevere and was the brains behind a new stratesy. ‘Everyone seemed to be in favour oft at the planning. stage,’ she says. But during the implementation stage. unforeseen problems arose and eventually the strategy was abandoned. Lily’ next performance appraisal gave her a really low rating which she found devastating The whole experience was quite traumatizing and | was too emotionally immature to deal with it’ It wasn't long before Lily left and set up her own recruitment company whitch is now flourishing. She still regrets her discovery that there is no such thing as team spirit when one of the members makes a mistake. © Jane Dawson graduated top of her class in a Bachelor of Business (Finance) degree and was offered 3 contract by three major investment companies. She accepted the one that was offering perks such as free tickets to major sporting events and a flash company @© Reacting to the text ‘ar Just like the three other young high-flyers in these interviews, Jane's potential for leadership was quickly noted and she found herself promoted to team leader ‘within six months. But, exceptionally, in her case,she hhad already been looking for an escape route‘Sure it \was good money but the hours were ridiculous. | felt} should have been carefree at that age but the burden of responsibility was enormous. |fele rapped: Despite the fact that she'd been elevated to senior analyst, ane st felt anonymous within the giant corporation it was areal feeling of being the small cog in.a big machine, Nothing. | did really mattered’ She forced herself to stay on for another year, but then nervously asked for a sabbatical ‘Tohher amazement,her department head agreed.‘ guess they knew I'd reached burnout and didn't want to lose ‘me altogether — but there were plenty of workmates perfectly able to step into my shoes; she admits She spent the year travelling and working on community Projects in developing countries. By the time Jane was due {0 return, she knew she was in the wrong job. She applied ‘0 work for an aid organization, where she says'At last | feel I'm doing something worthwhile” D Natalie Copeland was signed up to work for.a leading PR consultancy. She admits to beinga Perfectionist, an attribute which saw her rise through the ranks in no time.‘I’s a weakness, too’ she says. can ‘mean that you're reluctant to delegate and end up with the pressure of doing it all yourself’ For the first few years, however, she trad no problem with overtime and her performance appraisals were almost always flawless. But Natalie feels she committed ‘career-suicide' by opting to getting married and have a child at ewenty-five. My colleagues seemed utterly mystified and tried to talk me ‘Out oft’ And on her return to work Natalie felt instane resentment towards her: had to leave promptly at the end of the working day to take eare of my daughter Anita but would come in an hour early and work through my lunch hour-lt made no difference, she explains. They simply alienated me’ By this she means that workmates. were reluctant to update her on recent developments. and withheld vital information on new projects With little support from her seniors either, and refusing to compromise her time with her family, Natalie handed in her notice and now works for a smaller PR company offering flexi-time. Do you sympathize with any of the four young executives? Why/why not? Imagine you were a young executive. How would you feel about and react to: * your colleagues showing off their wealth and possessions. poor performance app (that you think is unfair © working much longer hours than most people you know. * being excluded by people in your department. 53WD Work time Gapped sentences In 1-8, complete each of the collocations with a noun from the box. favour role ranks pressure notice grudge position contract 1 tobearsomeonea__(A) 2 toplaya @) 3. toachieve a (management) _ (B) 4 toface ) 5 tobein of something (B) 6 tobeofiered a © 7 torise through the (D) 8 tohand in your () Check your answers in the reading text on page 53. The letters in brackets refer to the sections in which the collocations can be found. Use context to work out the meanings of the collocations in exercise 1 For questions 1-5, think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences, All the words are either nouns or verbs from the collocations in exercise 1 Here is an example (0). © We don't take much notice _of the dress code at work and we tend to wear what we like, 1 just saw the manager putting up a_fotice_ advertising for a part-time sales assistant. You didn’t happen nye ice where I put that file, did you? ORC ean anes eee 54 than me at work so Tdon't feel 1 criticize her. Your sales figures have fallen so you're inno______toask for a higher salary, What's the company’s ‘on hiring people without a suitable degree? 2 The characters in her novels ‘a strong resemblance to those in the Harry Potter series. When you prepare your CV, in mind that it should be informative but also concise. Tcan't___the thought of taking on any more responsibility! 3 Youneed to the fact that Bettina doesn’t want to go out with you anymore! The team will be attempting to climb the north of the mountain today. ‘She was looking the other way so I asked her to turn round and me. 4 The thing I like about our boss is that he never shows __to anyone ~ he treats us all the same, If our clients want to postpone the meeting, the delay might actually work in our ‘Thanks for answering my calls this morning —I owe you a 5. The number of people leaving the nursing profession is on the again. The people were starving and had no choice but to against the government, In stunned silence, he watched his students ‘one by one from their seats and walk out of the room in protest.Work time @ Sentence completion a Too much to do and not enough time to do it,”To what extent does this apply to you? How well do you organize your time? 2 ©) 146 You will hear part of a talk by time management expert David Markham. For questions 1-8, complete the sentences. Perea "© Readthrough all | David says that the key to good time management is : 4]. as It’s important to have 2 Jexpectations of what we can achieve. of information David warns that 3} can prevent us achieving what we set out to do. eas He recommends giving priority to 4 |if we feel overwhelmed. David advises against always trying to 5 Jin our work, Housework requires the same| 6 | that we need to exercise at work David suggests we should reserve time for those pursuits we find 7 He says it is a mistake to think of the 8 |as a form of relaxation. 3 ©) Doyou manage ‘to achieve the right balance between work and relaxation’? Vocabulary: Time Complete cach gap in these extracts from the listening with a word from the box. against aside for for n off up 1... what you hope to achieve __ the time available. 2... you have to phone in sick and take time __ work, 3. ...iftime is___ you, if you're pressed __ time, don't worry if what you produce is less than wonderful. 4... what we all work foris to make time __ ourselves, to free_ time for the things we really want to do 5. It'sessential to set__ enough time to pursue your interests ‘The following words can all be used before the noun time, Add a word from the box to the appropriate group a-f, then discuss the possible context in which you might expect touse or hear the collocations. half flying harvest prime record-breaking sale _ spare Exampl free leisure _spare You could use free time, leistre time and spare time when talking about what you do when you're not studying or working. a. kick-off injury b qualifying winning © arrival departure ian peak viewing off-peak viewing © opening closing f sowing milking eee ‘Choose three of the collocations from exercise 2 and write a sentence for each, leaving a gap where the collocate of rime should be. Then show your sentences to your partner who will try to guess the missing word(s) Example United scored the winning goal in the last minute of time. 55 [Answer: injury]ED work time 56 Character reference ‘The formal sentences in Section C on page 51 of this unit are all extracts from character references. Look at each one again and decide if itn ‘comment on the applicant ces a positive or negative 2. Read the following character ret application on page 49 of this u! advertised on that page? h was provided for Lara Goodrich’s job 1. How strong are her chances of getting the job ‘To whom it may concern Lara Goodrich [As the manager of a local branch of the Excel Insurance Company I have known and worked with Lara Goodrich for nearly six years. During this short time she has progressed from her initial job as trainee secretary to her current position as office manager. | | ‘Ateach stage in her career here Lara has shown great enthusiasm for her work | and has always managed to combine a friendly, outgoing nature with a dedicated, | professional approach. Her willingness to respond to circumstances and work | | | extra hours if required has been a mnajor asset to the company. She is at all times very approachable and enjoys the affection and respect of office colleagues and members of the sales team alike. She is also extremely adept at dealing with difficult customers. She can be sensitive to criticism and does have a tendency to take things to heart. However, this is a mark of her perfectionism, which generally manifests itselfas a positive attribute. Indeed, her ability to work accurately and with attention to detail is one of her greatest strengths, particularly in this field of work, She has excellent organizational skills and has been responsible for planning my own busi ess trips,as well as making travel arrangements for visitors from other branches and Head Office. Naturally, with her experience she is familiar with all aspects of office work, and quickly assimilates new developments For these reasons I am confident that Lara has the right {qualities for this job and have no hesitation in supporting heer application. 3. a Howhas the character reference been organized? ‘Summarize the content of each paragraph. b_ Underline any useful phrases which could be used in other character references. ¢ \Find an example of a negative quality, which is then turned to the applicant's advantage. Vosseses:Work time @& 4 a Here is some useful language for character references. For each group of five words or phrases decide which word or phrase is different in some way from the others in the group. Example: 1 ‘stubborn’ is the only negative word in the group 1 havealan helpful nature ‘easy-going stubborn determined x show great [ potential reluctance dedication ability patience the right personal qualities 4 havea(strong) tendency to { be domineering lose one’s temper become ill worry over detail avoid responsibility 5 haveldevelop | advanced ‘computer skills excellent secretarial outstanding | management poor parenting the necessary _| communication o adopt a/an [cautious approach to one’s work energetic enthusiastic slapdash positive 1b Arrange the adjectives of personality in section B on page 211 into two groups, positive and negative, 5 Read the following Part 2 writing task. A friend of yours has applied for a job as a local guide fora London-based holiday company, which specializes in tours in your country for elderly British people. You have been asked to write a character reference for your friend, commenting on his or her previous experience, relevant knowledge and any personal qualities which might be useful for the job. Write your character reference in 220-260 words. Por melas 576 Review 58 Word combinations For sentences 1-10, underline the correct alternative. 1 The day alter his lottery win George left out/handed in/gave up/put through his notice at work, 2. The reason I've never hired a babysitter is that I couldn't bear/support/agree/approve the thought of leaving Sammy alone with a complete stranger. 3. I'm sorry, Tcan't deal with it now — F'ma little delayed/pressed/late/short for time, 4 None of the TV stations here put educational programmes on at peak showing/ sighting/seeing/viewing times. 5. You should giveifindisetikeep aside at least half an hour a week to read an English newspaper or magazine, 6 Write on the other side of the paper if you can‘ fit everything into the space free! sparelavailableiproviding. 7 Twas most impressed by himself. Thatelavoidiadmitican’t help to say it, but I thought it was a terrible film. Sarah has made combinedipredeterminedigreatiwide efforts to catch up with the work she missed during her long absence 10 We offer excellent promotion prospects and you will be given every/muchigreatlall opportunity to progress in your career. is wayltendencylabilityleapacity of thinking and expressing oe Gerunds and ‘ives For 1-8, complete each of the gaps with the correct form of the verb in brackets. 1 really don't feel at all like (go) out tonight, so it's no use (try)___ (get) me_____(g0) clubbing with you. 2 Assoonas I stopped (smoke), Istarted (eat) more. 3 Icouldn't help (notice) you were wearing Gueci shoes. I hope you don't mind me (ask), but how much were they? 4 Mluy (not/keep) you for too long. I wouldn't like you (think) Iwas wasting your time. 5 We really do appreciate you (give) up your valuable time (come) and (talk) to us today, Mr Wilson. 6 I distinctly remember Steve (agree) (help) us with the move today. He either forgot (set) his alarm, or he’s found something better (do). 7 The police made several unsuccessful attempts (enter) the building, and even firefighters had difficulty (cut) through the thick metal door 8 He recommended me (claim) compensation for unfair dismissal, but he suggested (seek) legal advice first.Work tine @ Use of Engl Key word transformations For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given, Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). 0 [felt that no-one in the office really wanted to tell me how the new software programme worked. RELUCTANT Tfelt that everyone in the office _was reluctant toexplain__ to me how the new software programme worked. In this exercise, all of the target language can be found in the article The Fast Track to Burnout. eer tas Perma a '* Donot change the word given in capital letter = Write ae ee oe 1 My boss doesn't mind what time I start or finish work. DIFFERENCE It what time I start or finish work. 2 Itwas Jane who came up with the idea for the sales promotion. BRAINS Jane the sales promotion. 3- It true that I like 10 work on tasks by myself, BEING 1 a person who prefers to work alone. 4 Yesterday | informed my boss in writing that I would be leaving the company. NOTICE 1 tomy boss yesterday. 5 The day after [lost my job, I did not feel like getting out of bed, INCLINATION 1 out of bed the day after losing my job. 6 It won't be easy for anyone to take over John’s job when he retires. SHOES When John retires, it will be difficult for anyone 7 The idea of flexi-time seemed to be popular with most of our senior managers. FAVOUR Most of our senior managers seemed, fexi-time, 8 Team spirit no longer exists after one member of a team makes a mistake, SUCH Once one member of a team makes a mistake there 5960 ‘© What might the people be talking about? ‘© How well do you think they get on with each other? 1 ©) The photos above show people talking. I Student Compare two of the pictures and say what the people might be talking about and how well you think the on with each other Student B: When your partner has finished talking about his or her pictures, compare the other two pictures in the same way. Student AS instructions alsa | appear as written questions above the pictures. 2 © Discuss together which people you think argue the most and which the least giving reasons, Peiwsi ‘© Talk about the similarities and lfferences between the two pictures '* Do not simply describe the pictures. Speculate about them as indicated in the instruction, ‘+ Usa wide range of vocabulary. Look at the list of adjectives in section A.on page 211 and note down those which might be useful when talking about your two pictures.Getting on @& Multiple choice —_ 1 QP1117 You will hear part of a radio discussion about marriage in Britain. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. 1 According to Julie, why did she and Peter get married? i A. They both felt pressured to do so by their parents. B She [elt morally obliged to accept Peter's proposal € Itseemed an appropriate course of action to take, D They hoped to inject more romance into theirrelationship. 2 What does Julic say was Peter's initial attitude towards the wedding? A. He did not want a religious service B_He was more enthusiastic than Julie. € He was concerned about the expense. D He wanted it to bea small-scale event. 3. Bryan and Chrissie both felt that their relationship A did not meet with their parents’ approval. B might have ended if they had not got married. suffered as a result of financial problems. t D could become stronger with time. C iy 4 What does Julie ay about arguments with her hubana? WARD They do not have long-lasting effects. a ‘| They nearly ruined their honeymoon, They can become quite violent. Qaneeed) They tend to go on for quite some time. cording to Bryan, what has created most problems in his current marriage? working long hours selling his business living in a small fat ie > D having three children } ower vom 6 Fora marriage to survive, Julie believes that couples need to be A. optimistic. B honest € flexible. D decisive, 2 ©) is marriage becoming more or less popular in your own country? How common is it for marriage to end in divorce? What is your own attitude to marriage? For what reasons would/did you get married? Do you prefer the idea of a religious wedding and ‘the whole works’ like Julie, or a civil ceremony, ‘a quick registry-office job’, like Bryan? Why? ee 61ED cetting on Gapped text 62 advice? Why? Has this always been the case? 2 Yo and th on you do not need to use. 1 © When you are upset or havea problem, who do you turn to first for help and re going to read a magazine article about the relationship between mothers . Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A~G the one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra paragr Don't forget! '* Read the whole of the base text and all the paragrapiis before you start to make any choices. '* Underline words or phrases which show links between base text and missing paragraphs. Some parts of this base text have already been underlined to help you. * Check your answers by reading the whole article through again to ensure that it makes sense. Check that the extra paragraph does not fit into any of the gaps. MOTHERHOOD’S BEST-KEPT SECRET ‘One night, not so long ago, just as | was drifting off to sleep, the phone rang. It was my 19year-old son, who is at university in Edinburgh, calling to sey that he had broken up with his girlfriend at midnight and hhe had been wandering around the city ever since, not knowing what to do. I told him to catch the first train home. He arrived looking a wreck, but after a ood sleep and some home cooking, he began to feel his old self again. 1 Girls | knew then were fairly open with their mothers, but none of my male contemporaries would ever have admitted asking their mothers for advice. Despite all our talk about how important it was for men to let. down their defences and learn how to express their feelings, most of us still secretly felt that any man who depended on his mother too much was a bit of a mummy's boy. 2 But things don't work that way any more. In a world of short-term contracts, downsizing and redundancy, even the most promising and ambitious of our children will go through many career highs and lows. during their twenties; and whenever they hit those ‘depths, many of them will return to the nest. A typical, son will continue to be at least partly dependent on. his mother well past the age of 18. 3 They're also better able to see through the mask of ‘apparent self-confidence. When my boy was growing Up, he always maintained a fairly invincible front, His early imaginary play involved sieges, ambushes and surprise attacks. His starting point, though, was always a danger against which he needed to defend himself. He used the games to convince himself that he could prevail. 4 In his teens, he used many of these same tricks to keep me at bay. If | drove him anywhere to meet his friends, he insisted I drop him off out of sight of where they were waiting, There were girlfriends I never met, and phone conversations which were all in code. But occasionally, a confidential mood would come over him and he would tell me whatever happened to be on his mind. ‘And there’s another important change,’ she adds. ‘Most of us took pains to reassure our sons that it was okay for them to show physical affection or cry when they were upset. If our boys are not so anxious now about showing their emotions, our efforts in this ‘area have not been in vain.’ This seems to be backed, up by research, which shows that boys call their mothers on their mobile phones more than anyone else. [=] Pre What | didn’t anticipate was for the same thing to happen with my son. | assumed | would lose him, just lke all the experts said. It may be that they were ‘wrong all along ~ that sons have always confided in ‘their mothers ~ and just made sure that no one else knew. Have | stumbled on motherhood’s best kept secret? Even if | have, it doesn't diminish my sense of wonder. I's stil ike getting a present you never expected.Getting on @&E These days, however, mothers can expect to They are notin any doubt about how to respond be relied on almost indefinitely for the type to the situation. AS one friend said of her of advice that calls on our experience of rather reticent son: ‘My job is to give my son the outside world. A generation ago, it was. courage.’ And whilst we might welcome the accepted that sons would eventually leave chance to see more of our children, one does their mothers to join the world of men and have the feeling that there is something anti- work, Mothers put their 18 years in and then natural in allthis. opened the door to allow their sons to move into obs forte. E —“Butdon't assume that girls are any tougher ‘than boys,’ says Celia Pyper. ‘Daughters Friends told me that they, too, were getting the need their mothers too.’ Certainly | know how same volume of confidences. Celia Pyper says much my own daughters need me. But this this is normal behaviour for today's boys: ‘Our continuing mother-daughter bond is something sons wil tell us more than their fathers told expected their mothers, because we have brought them Up to do so. Ournorm has been to empathize F —_—The next afternoon he told me what had with our children when they tell us about their happened. Then he told me more. And actions or feelings, whereas the previous More. And even more. A moment arrived generation tended to be shocked” when | couldn't help asking myself, should Ibe hearing all of this? It wasn't that | was Many of my friends are surprised at this ‘shocked. He reminded me of myself in my reluctance of their 20-something sons to break wn student years, but with one important away. But according to psychotherapist Celia difference ~ | would never ever have confided in Pyper, the mother-son intimacy is nothing new: im parents this way, ‘Mums have always been easier to talk to,” che observes. ‘They're more cuddly than their. @ AS he got older and had to ride to school on fathers, and sons realize early on that their bus with other children, all too often there snothers are ord aceepdlng or nut Wane were situations in which he didn't. | had to teach him how to put up new defences so that his rougher classmates would not see his weaknesses. @O Reacting to the text To what extent have parent hildren relationships changed in recent decades in your own country? Is the relationship very different for sons and daughters? Vocabulary 1: Verb + Noun collocations 1 Find and circle the following nouns in the base text of the article on page 62. Write them in your vocabulary notebook, together with the verb which is used with each one. Record any adjectives which are used as well. Example: maintain a fairly invincible front front affection feelings emotions pains 2 Find and circle the following phrasal verbs in the base text and with your partner discuss their meaning in context. drift off to go through breakup with — let down see through Record the verbs in your notebook, together with the noun which follows each one. 63BED Getting on Language focus 1: Reference and ellipsis A Reference 2 In 1-6 below, decide wiich words could be omitted to avoid Find the following sentences in the reading text on pages 62 and 63 and decide what the words in bold refer to, Sentences a-d can be found in the paragraph of the base text immediately after the number given in brackets. Gis | knew then were fairly open with their mothers. (1) But things don’t work that way any more. (2) © Inhis teens, he used many of these same tricks to keep me at bay. (4) .ourefforsin this area have not been in vain. (5) Celia Pyper says this is normal behaviour for today's boys. (paragraph 8) Oursons wil tell us more than their fathers told their ‘mothers, because we have brought them up to do so. (paragraph 8) Words such as do so in f above are often called ‘substitute ‘words’ they substitute and avoid repetition of words and phrases which have already been used. In 1-6 below, underline the correct substitute word. There is an example atthe beginning (0). 0. She an'tsing and soinotinorinever can | 1A Doyou think the weather will clear up by tomorrow? BI certainly hope iithissofwill. 2 Canyou lend me your helmet? If yesiso!notino, don't worry ~ I'l borrow Mike's 3 A Elaine wants to go to the beach 8 I wantigolamido, to. 4 Last Christmas it was orange trousers; this year she gave ime these yellow pairfonesitypesicolour! 5 Students passing the exam will automatically go into the next level. All those/theseithemfones that fail will have to repeat this samelsuch/onelalso, 6 Suddenly, Brenda appeared. Such/Then/When/This was the moment he had been waiting for B Ellipsis Sometimes, to avoid repetition itis enough to simply omit ‘a word or words. This is called ellipsis. Find the following sentences in the text and decide which word or words have been omitted. a... and he had been wandering around the city ever since ___ introductory paragraph) b Evenifihave ,itdoesn’t diminish my sense of wonder. (6) © Ashe got older and__ had to ride to school on a bus with other children, all too often there ‘were situations in which he didn’t {paragraph G) repetition. There is an example atthe beginning (0) 0 My brother was afraid of the dark but | wasn't afraid of the dark, 1A Doyou think you'll be home before midnight? BI should be home before midnight. 2 asked him to playa tune on the piano and he said he didn’t want to play tune on the piano, 3. She always comes to class on Tuesdays, bt she hardly lever comes to class on Thursdays. 4 Helleft without saying goodbye. have no idea why he left without saying goodbye. 5 A_ {havea feeling he was sacked from his last job. B_Yes, he might well have been sacked from his ast job 6 Hetold me to apologize to her but 'é already apologized toher ©D ead more about Reference and Ellipsis in the Grammar reference on pages 219 and 220. Use substitute words and ellipsis to reduce the amount of repetition in the following text. Theres an example atthe beginning A family of teachers For most of my-mothers working ile my mother taught chemistry in a secondary school. She always said the reason she had entered the teaching profession was because her father had virtually forced her to enter the teaching profession. Her father was a teacher and her Mother was a teacher as well, though she herself had no intention of becoming a teacher. However, whereas my grandmother felt that my ‘mother should only follow in their footsteps if my mother wanted to follow in their footsteps, my grandfather was determined that she should teach fora living —so she taught for a living. She'd actualy like to have become a pharmacist and run her own business, but she wasn’t sufficiently qualified to become a pharmacist ‘and have her own business. Apart from the fact that she wasn't sufficiently well qualified, she might well have had problems raising the necessary capital, and if she'd asked her father to lend her the necessary capital he probably wouldn’thave lent her the necessary capital. | think my mother resented my grandfather for the pressure my grandfather had put on her, and my mother always encouraged me to make my own decisions. | made my own decisions ~ and now | ‘work as a teacher, and my son works as a teacher too! J 64Getting on @E Vocabulary 2: Relationships Complete each gap with the appropriate form of one of the verbs from the box. Ineach section 1-7, the verb required for both spaces, a and b, is the same. have look take ~— get = put—turn keep 1 a Sallyand my father on like a house on fire; she loves going to see him. b_ The noise from the neighbours is beginning to ‘on my nerves. I'm going to complain if it doesn't stop soon. 2 a His gambling problem has a great strain on our relationship. I'm seriously thinking of leaving him. Bb Ttwas justa joke—T wasn't trying to you down. I'd never deliberately set out to make anyone feel stupid. 3 a The maths teacher for me; she was always giving me extra homework or keeping me behind after school. b They a fairly rocky relationship at first, but they're talking of getting married now. 4 a Theyset up in partnership in 1995, but the relationship sour when Jim's love of whisky began to affect his work. b When her father returned after nine years’ absence, Sue did not have the heart to her back on him. 5 a She'd always approved of his girlfriends before, but she never really to Sandra. b Sandra an instant dislike to his mother, but she did her best to hide it. 6 a He’ well liked, and a lot of the younger members of staff__up to him asa role model. b Tused to down on art students at university, but now they're probably all earning far more than me. Ta He himself to himself on the holiday, eating alone and opting out of the organized excursions b Tleft over ten years ago, but I've managed to in touch with some of my former colleagues. Look at the expressions in bold in exercise | and decide whether each one has a negative ora positive meaning. ©) Choose three of the expressions from exercise | and use them to talk about your ‘own relationships, past or present Example: My cousin used to really get on my nerves. He was always phoning me up or coming to see me. He never gave me a moment's peace. Things are fine now he went abroad to live 80 I just get the occasional letter. 65Getting on Collaborative task ©) here are some pictures showing people in different kinds of relationships. Talk with your partner about the ways in which the two people in each relationship depend on each other. Then decide which two people depend on each other the most + Inwhat ways do the two people in each relationship depend on each other? * Which two people depend on each other the most? Further discussion ©) Discuss the following questions. What other pairs of people are heavily dependent on one another? What makes someone a good friend? How far do you agree that older generations have more to teach young people than the Ce other way round? BR Las What are the advantages and disadvantages» Give full answers to the questions, ‘of working closely with the same person for justifying your opinions. Remember, itis along time? your language which is being assessed Some people prefer to spend time socializing and not your ideas. with colleagues or friends, rather than thei ‘= Respond to what your partner says, as family. How about you? in Part 3, and develop the discussion. 66Gettingon & Listening 2 Multiple choice — ©) 1.18-1.20 You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, Bor C) which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for cach extract, iiacks suka In Part 1 of the Listening Paper, the three extracts are all on different themes. However, for the task you are about to do, the extracts ae all (on the same theme of relationships. Extract one You hear part of an interview with an actress called Miriam Landers talking about a director she has worked with. 1 How does Miriam feel about acting in her new play? A. She is nervous about the first night of the production, B She feels certain her performance will be convincing. € She is concerned that it will leave her feeling very tired. 2. What does Mi A. He makes all the important decisions. B_Healways finds something to criticize. € Hes prepared to listen to her suggestions. am say about her relationship with her director, Malcolm Rush? Extract tw ‘You hear two people on a film review programme talking about a new movie. 3. What do the two speakers agree about? A. All the actors give very good performances. B The special effects are better than in similar films. € The relationship between the two characters is unoriginal 4 What does the man say is true at the end of the film? A. The detectives dislike each other B The detectives do not trust each other C The detectives decide to continue their partnership. Extract three You hear part of an interview with a professional rally driver 5 What is worrying the driver about his next race? A. the fact that he has a new co-driver B the possibility that he may lose control of the cat € the risk of the car having engine failure 6 What does he say about the role of the co-driver? A. Aco-driver is supposed to keep the driver calm, B Many people do not appreciate what the co-driver does. € Itisalways the co-driver’ fault when accide: occurED cetting on e clauses Language focus 2: Rela Read sentences a-f from the Listening, Then answer questions 1-4 below. It's Scott who has the map and the notes. 1b Areyou atall anxious oris opening night an occasion Which no longer bothers you? € You don’t just lear the part, you live it, which takes away any fears you might have of not being able to persuade an. audience you're real. d_ We have two mismatched cops, one of whom plays by the rules and the others a rebel. And the plot, which is actually quite sophisticated, keeps you guessing all the way through. _Isn’tthis the kind of scenario we've seen too many times already? 1 What or who do each ofthe relative pronouns in a-e refer 10? 2 Why are commas used before the relative pronoun in , d and e but notin a or b? 3. Which ofthe relative pronouns could be replaced by that? 4 Which relative pronoun has been omitted from £2 Why is it possible to leave it out ofthis sentence but not the others? @©BD heck your ideas in the Grammar reference on page 220. Complete each ofthe spaces with one of the words from the box. Each of the words can be used more than once. Then decide whether: ‘a commas are tequired or not b that can be used instead of the word you have chosen € the word canbe omitted who which — whose — who's where why — what 1. Lwent walking with my husband at the weekend is something we haven‘t done for a long time, 2 Thenovelis set in Kaunas at that time was the capital of Lithuania. The initial chapters focus on Vitas's father_____fiery temperament had a lasting effect on the boy. 3 Télike to know is what happened to that boxer___ she was seeing, Are they still going out together? 4. He left all his money to a woman had never shown him any affection. The reason he did this has never been fully understood. 5. Hermother hated city life longed to return to the village she grew up in and___she stil owned a small plot of land 6 Isthere anyone gotacar or dad could give usa lift? ‘mum or Essays Read the Part 2 task below and the model answer on pag 1¢ 69. Which of the three possible paragraph plans, A, Bor , does the essay follow? You have recently had a class discussion on the relative importance of friends and families in modern society. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay, giving your opinion on the following statement. Friendships have become more important than family relationships. Write your essay in 220-260 words. {ntroduction: General ataterent: about debate and ® aok to what extont statements true Tniroduetion, Inirodvee topic. and deseribe tendencies. Centra paragra, Fins! deserite ways in whieh friends are more important than family. then deseribe says in whieh family io mere meee than friends. _ ee Coretusion Weigh up arguments given and Stale pinion. Biv reason’s) Central paragraphs: | Frat eqy what other people thinkand |} vy Then state my opinion and give Sunmarizing 68rlend shi bec: family relationship more i than Evidence seems to suggest that more value i abtached tofriendships nowadays than to fanily A recent UK survey found that two-thirds of twentysomething turn to fiends first for advice. In adction, marriage Is on the decline and increasingly, youra people choose ta ve alone rather than in their parental home. Despite thio, hawever, would be wrong to argue that family relationships are loss Important: than friendehipa, The frst point to bear in mind 6 that most friendships are short-lved. Many are formed at: work orn clubs towhich we belong: whon we change jobs or cease to take part ina group activity, the frendships end. Oue Fant, by contract, ‘5 one of the few constants in a fast-changing world We an be sure it wil always be there, Gettingon &E A fucther point fo that friendships require hard work and Frequent attention, luxuries we often have little time for in our bugy lives. Contact may be restricted to emalis or toxt massages, secondary forms of communication which lack depth, Family ties, on the other hand, are based ‘on unconditional love, guaranteeing the strength and survival oF the relationship, even when regular visits are not possible. Finally, friendships have limits, tt is generally agreed, for ‘example, that one should never lend money to frienda, a8 ‘this can only lead to problems, This is not, however, the case with Familco, who are usually more than willing to help in times of financial need, To conclude, whilst some argue that the importance of ‘the family has declined, it nevertheless remains the one solid relasionship on which we can depend when everything clog, including a friendship fall. Clearly, the family ie a6 Important ae it ever was, 2 Underline the following in the model answer: a words and expressions which introduce a contrast b_ words and expressions which introduce the writer’s main points, © other useful words and expressions for writing essays 3) Write the expr the appropriate column. The first one has been done for you. It would be wrong to argue that There can be no doubt that I would dispute the claim that Itis true to some extent that It cannot be denied that Itis simply not the case that It is my firm belief that tis difficult to accept the idea that Agreeing with a statement Disagreeing with a statement tt would be wrong to argue that 4 © Give your opinion on each of the following statements using an appropriate expression from exercise 3. 1 Young people no longer respect their elders, Itis better to live alone than in the parental home. The over-sixties have nothing to learn from the under-twenties. Marriage is no longer relevant in modern society. Parents should be punished for offences committed by their children. auken We have more means of communication, but we communicate less effectively. CORO eles g ‘Write a list of arquments for and against the statement, ‘+ Decide whether you agree or disagree with the : '* Choose one of the paragraph plans in exercise 1 and adapt it to suit the statement you have chosen. ee | ‘Write your essay using some ofthe language yous in this writing section, Make sure you support your opinion with reasons, Choose one of the statements in exercise 4 and write an, essay for your teacher in 220-260 words, giving your opinion on the statement.70 Review Vocabulary Complete cach of the gaps with one of the words from the box. Some of the words will be required more than once. up — dow 1. I'm not surprised she feels humiliated —he's always putting her in on through to for_—_ with in public like that. 2 You can't turn your back ____me now, not alter all I've done for you in the past! 3. The mortgage is putting a real strain ___ our finances. 4 The Brazilian striker never really took his new coach and by the end of his first season he was asking for a transfer, 5 He really gets__ my nerves. He never stops complai 6 My boss has always had it __ me; nothing Ido is good enough for him. 7. Greta Garbo took such a strong dislike her co-star Frederic March that she used to eat garlic before filming their love scenes. 8 My brother has done very well for himself, but he does tend to look ___me. Oris it my inferiority complex? 9 Samantha broke her boyfriend last week; they'd been going out with each other for three years. 10 Their marriage had been going___a bad patch and they'd decided to start divorce proceedings. Reference and ellipsis In each of the following sentences or dialogues there is one mistake. Find each mistake and correct it 1 We're going to buy a new washing machine ~ our old keeps breaking down. 2. A Doyou think itll rain? B Lhope no - I haven't brought my umbrella 3. A Haven't you been to see the Kandinsky exhibition? B No, I'm not interested in abstract art, and so isn't my wife, 4 Harry doesn't think they'll win at the next elections, but I do so. 5. Are you coming? Whether so, can you hurry up? We're already late. 6 A Doyou think this milk is OK to drink? B Itshould—[only bought it two days ago. 7 A Putsomesalt in the potatoes, will you? B I'vealready! 8 It'sashame [ can't go with you on Saturday ~1'd really love. 9 We weren't consulted on this matter, and I think we should have. 10 He said he'd phone me today, but he hadn't. I'll give him a ring tomorrow.Getting On ZZ Use of Englis| Open cloze ai Complete the following article by writing one word example at the beginning (0). each space. There is an GRANDPARENTS: THE NEW GENERATION Always (0)_a sure source of affection, my grandparents (1) hugely important figures in my life. They (2) shower my sisters and me with sweets, indulgences and stories, telling tales about my parents as naughty children, When the last of (3) __ died, we all wondered who would hold the family together. People have relied on grandparents in Britain since the industrial Revolution, (4) ___ whole families moved into cities from the country to get work in the new factories, taking grandmother along to look after the children. (5) the fact that more grandmothers are working now, grandparents are still the backbone of childcare in Britain. They provide 44% of fulltime care for pre-school children, (6) ___ makes you wonder how the country would manage (7) _ them. The traditional image of a grandparent is a smiling old person surrounded by a cohort of happy children, but (8) _ doesn't match the facts. (9) _we have now is the socalled ‘beanpole family’, thinly stretched (10) ___ several generations, with fewer family members in each and with growing numbers of single parent families. Grandparents are getting younger — more than 50% of grandparents (14) __ already had their first grandchild by the age of 54, For many of them, grandparenthood means juggling a job, involvement with grandchildren and, sometimes, the care of (12) ‘own parents. It is up (43) us to balance the demands we make on them if we don’t want to wear them (14) Grandparents are (45) valuable part of the family that we just cannot do without them Articles zi You see this announcement in an international magazine, A Family Affair We are planning to publish a series of articles on families around the world. We would like you, the readers, to write us an article describing your own family situation and comparing it to that of the typical family in your country, Write your article in 220-260 words. Petmor eee a ‘© Spend time planning your article before you write &. '» Read again the information on competition entries in Unit 1 on pages 14 and 15, The model answer on page 15 is in the format of an article, 71Speaking and reading @ Rankthe people above according to how intelligent you think each one is or was: 1 most intelligent, 7 intelligent. Claude Monet least mpare your list with your partner's, giving reasons for your decisions. J.K, Rowling 2. Read the following extract from an article on Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, How would he rank the people shown in the photos? Darwin Meryl Streep Albert Einstein f David Beckham MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES 1 fA Wer Fasten was one of he greatest rire At word has ever now He forme theo of cay soceetaly the fabian Benieneedones ane famoss uation othe wou Ba Se Tootbaler whose Siler rece hee ne of themoa giedsporaniorat eens ae aroeeeee Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences 10 (MI) dares us to put these two men on neighbouring Pedestals. Instead of regarding intelligence as a single quantity (g) measurable by pen-and-paper tests, Gardner, an education professor at Harvard University, divides human intelligence into no fewer than eight 15 separate categories ranging fram mathematical to ‘musical competence. His ideas have provoked vigorous debate about haw one defines intelligence, about how. children should be educated and how society treats those who do not sit at the top of the academic heap. 20 They have certainly divided parents - Celebration, the ‘American town created by the Disney Corporation, based its school around Gardner's fundamental ideas. Several parents subsequently complained that their children were not being taught satisfactorily, and withdrew them. Gardner's point is that g measures only one capacity, the sort of mental agility that is valued in academic achievement, and that this single ‘number does not do justice to human potential So he has created his own spheres of achievernent. Some categories are easily reconcilable with general perceptions about IQ, For example, ‘linguistic’ intelligence confers a mastery of language, and is the preserve of such people as poets, writers and linguists ‘Logical mathematica'’ intelligence marks out people 35 who take a reasoning approach to physical things, and, seek underlying principles. Einstein is the standard- bearer for this group, which also includes philosophers, 2 x 72 « 5 80 s © 65 0 These two categories are the main components of what we generally think of as ‘intelligence’ ‘Musical’ intelligence characterizes musicians, composers and conductors. ‘Spatial’ intelligence is about being able to picture perspective, to visualize a world in one’s head with great accuracy. Chess players, artists and architects would rate highly in this category, Dancers, athletes and actors are lumped under the ‘bodlly-kinesthetic’ heading; these individuals, like Beckham, are able to control their bodies and ‘movements very carefully Then come two types of ‘personal intelligence - intrapersonal, the ability to gauge one’s own mood, feelings and mental states, and interpersonal, being, able to gauge it in others and use the information, ‘These two categories could be interpreted as emotional intelligence. Psychiatrists are particularly adept at the former, while religious leaders and politicians are seen as people who can exploit the latter. Charles Darwin is perhaps the perfect embodiment of the eighth intelligence ~ ‘naturalist’. Ths label describes people with a deep understanding of the natural world and its objects. Zoologists and botanists can count, themselves among this group. Gardner has tentatively named a ninth, ‘existential’ intelligence, which characterizes those who ask fundamental questions about the universe. The Dalai Lama and, Jean-Paul Sartre would reside in this classification. This ninth addition, however, has yet to be confirmed to. Gardner's satisfaction, These eight (or nine) categories certainly reflect the fact that, in these areas, there isa spectrum of human ability ranging from the hopeless to the brilliant. But are these really inteligences, or could these competences be ‘more accurately described as gifts or talents?mind? @ All in th © Reacting to the text How would you answer the question in the final paragraph? 2 Inwhich of the nine categories do you perform the best? What encouragement or help have you received in realizing your potential in this field? 3. Doyou think children should be educated differently in the light of this theory? Should schools focus less on traditional notions of intelligence and take more account of each individual's specific strengths? Multiple matching Crom © 12-125 Youwill hea education and le five short extracts in which people are talking about ing. While you listen you must complete both tasks. TASK ONE TASKTWO For questions 1-5, choose from the list A-H the For questions 6-10, choose from the list A-H the attitude person who is speaking that each person has towards education A aresearcher 1 | A Itshould offer a wide range of subjects, é | B anovelist B It should allow students to learn at their © ateacher 2 own pace 7 phd fuse © Itshould teach students practical 7 Z work-related skills. ; E anexaminer D It should encourage a sense of F politician a responsibility. [ Jo G ascientst 7 ___E Itshould enable students to perform to Ha parent 5 their full potential 10 F It should improve communication skils. G It should encourage creativity H It should encourage students to join in. 2 © Discuss each of the views expressed in the recording, saying how much you agree or disagree with them. How would you complete the sentence beginning ‘Education should ... ?ED Allin the mind? 74 Language focus 1: Passives 1 Match each ofthe following extracts to one ofthe photos on page 72. Ignore any mistakes you find for the moment. ‘a__Sheis of course famous for being written a series of books about a young wizard and his adventures at wizard school The stores, which have being translated into more than 50 different languages, are read by children and adults ofall ages all over the worl. b And now we come to a series of pictures of Rouen Cathedral. These masterpieces of Impressionism have all been painted at the end of the nineteenth century by the man who has generally regarded as the leader of the movement. © In 1894 she met Pierre, the man with whom she would change the course of science. He was introduce to her by a Polish acquaintance, who thought Pierre might be able to find room inh lab for her to carry ou the study she had been commissioning to do by the Society forthe Encouragement of National Industry. The port of Salvador, Brazil, was arrived by him aboard the HMS Beagle on 28 February 1832 and so began his five year study of te flora and fauna of South America. During his travels there he contracted Chagas Disease and he was being plagued by fatigue and intestinal sickness for the resto his life. Personally, | think she should had been awarded an ‘Oscar for her part in Silkwood (1983). This dramatic films based on the true story of Karen Silkwood, whose ‘complaints about radiation sickness are ignored for the ‘management ofthe plutonium factory where she works Ineach extract there are two mistakes related to the passive, Find the mistakes and correct them, The agent, the person or thing that performs an action is. often not mentioned in passive constructions, Match the reasons a-d to the examples 1—4. Reasons why the agent is not mentioned a toavoid the use of ‘you' in official notices bb the agent is unknown or unimportant itis obvious who the agent is the agentis ‘people in general” Banples Several parents subsequently complained that their children were not being taught satisfactorily, and withdrew them, 2. Butare these really intelligences, or could these competences be more accurately described as gifts or talents? 3 The stories have been translated into over fifty different languages. 4 Alllibrary books must be returned before the end of term. a Theuse of ether the active or passive is often determined by context. In English ‘given, or previously mentioned information tends to come atthe beginning of a lause or sentence, and new information towards the end. This is illustrated in the second sentences of each extract in cevercise 1 above, Example:a The stories is ‘given’ information: they are mentioned in the previous sentence, are read by children and adults of all ages all over the world is new information: this fact has not yet been mentioned. Because the ‘given’ information, ‘The stories, is not the agent ofthe verb ‘read’ then the passive form i required. 'b Circle the given information at the beginning of the second sentences in extracts b-e. Are the subsequent verbs in the active or the passive? Theres alsoa tendency in English to place long phrases towards the end of a cause. Consequently ifthe agent i a long phrase, then this appears at the end ofthe clause and the passive form of the verb is required. Example: by children and adults of all ages al over the world, Underline the agent in each of the second sentences in bre in exercise 1 ©D wad more about Passives in Parts A-C of the Grammar reference on page 220. Practice ‘The extracts 1-5 below have been taken from students’ ‘written work. For each extract, consider the whole context ‘and rewrite the second sentence if you think it would sound more natural in the passive. fyou change a sentence, decide whether the agent needs to be mentioned. © ‘Lam writing with regard to an article which recently appeared in ‘your newspaper on the subject of this year's Charity Fun Run. ‘Steven Ward, former Olympic athlete and manager ofthe Hythe spor centre, which sponsored the event, wrote the item, @ ‘Many yung pele are now turning ther backs on hamburgers in favour of their oun national dishes. | This development, together with the recent beef sare, ‘has obviously caused problems for the American fast { food chains here Se ea® The aim ofthis report isto present the ndings of ‘a survey into local shopping habits ard to make recommendations for improvements in facilities and services. First-year students at Holmbush Business College, who designed their own questionnaire as part oftheir course work, carried out the survey Allin the mind? @ © For the past cight years Lhave been working atthe Biraingham-based engineering frm, Holwill & Deaks ple, The management ofthe company has recently promoted me to the post of Chief Accounts (Clerk, in charge ofa staff of five. during the busy pre-Christmas shopping period. 1 Ina-e underline the informal word or expression in each group. aa bright child/a child prodigy/a whizzkid b a brilliant/brainy/gifted student © Thavea flair for languagesiI have a gift for music/I'm a dab hand at painting. I'm (an) ace at tennis/I'm a skilful card player/I'm a strong swimmer: € I'mweak at maths/t'm hopeless at cooking/I have a poor memory. 2 © Tellyour partner which of the words and expressions in exercise 1 could apply to you. Explain why, 3) ©) Tellyour partner about anyone you know who is a_acompetent skier b a proficient typist © askilled craftsman or woman anexpert cook. € acomputer expert. f anaccomplished musician. 4 One of the adverbs in each group does not normally collocate with the adjective in capital letters. Underline the adverb which does not fit. a highly — naturally academically practically musically GIFTED b highly exceptionally enormously hugely largely TALENTED © highly extremely absolutely very quite PROMISING 5 ©) inthe reading text we were told that David Beckham was ‘one of the most gifted sportsmen of his generation’. Think of one famous person for each of the following descriptions and tell your partner about him or her a_ahighly talented young actor b an exceptionally gifted mu © avery promising young (tennis football etc) player or athlete 75ED Allin the mina? Reviews Can you identify the actors in the photographs? Have you seen any of their films? Did you enjoy them? 2 Read the following Part 2 task and the model answer Given the information in the answer, which of the two films would you prefer to see? STD {An international magazine pees has asked its readers to send in a review for its regular ar oe areview for the magazine comparing and contrasting two books, films or See muse CDs. Comment on their similarities and differences, and say which of One the two books, films or CDs you would recommend and why. Write between 220 and 260 words tion. Write Allinthe mind The real-life atruggle of brillant minds with paranold schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s dioease may nat sound like the ingredients oF an entertaining aftemoor’s viewing. But Russell Crowe's stunning performance ae mathematical genius John Nash in‘A Beautiful Mind’ and Judi Dench's moving portrayal of philosopher ard hnovellét rie Murdoch in ‘Iie’, wll have you rushing out to buy the books on which these two Oscar-winning filme are based. [io in their thematic content that the swo fileis resemble each other most. Both focus on the withdeawal of the protagonists Into their awn Inner world and the effect: this has on their long-suffering but devoted marital partners. Also common to bath films ie the fact that: we witness the two academics in thelryouth and old age. Hate off here to Crowe's make up team he io remarkably convincing as the obxty- ‘ix-year-old Nash receiving hls Nobel Frize in 1994, ‘pie lffers from ‘A Beautiful Mind’ in this reepect, relying Inotzad on other actors to play the vivacious ‘young Iria very credible Kate Winelet'—and her stuttering companion, John Bayley. In addition unlike the more inear American fl, flashbacks are used to good effect to switch backwards and forwards between the two contrasting stages of Murdoch's Ife. The strength of tries in ta ponerful acting and mundare:eallem, with the novelist cen doing the shopping, or watching children’s TV in her cluttered Oxford house. However, f, a8 Ido, you favour something mote visually appealing, but no love plausible, then A Beautiful Mind's a definite: must-see 3) ©) What information is contained in each paragraph? How many paragraphs inchide the writer's opinion? Make a note of those adjectives used by the writer to express an opinion on the film or the acting. Include any a\ ‘ompanying adverbs or nouns. Sis oa Example: stunning performance foe Divide the adjectives in section B on page 212 into two groups, positive and negative. ‘ eens 5 Which words and expressions are used in the model to compare and contrast the two ae films? Make a note of them together with any other relevant words. a Example: the two films resemble each other LE] Do the vocabulary exercise on page 206. 6 Now write your own answer to the task in exercise 2, 76Allin the mind? @ Use of English: ) Gapped sentences CEE For questions 1-5 below, think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. Use the collocates in bold to help you. Here is an example (0) 0 Itwasvery__clever____ of you to convince our clients to buy the more expensive machine, As well as having a vivid imagination, you need to be _clever_with your hands tobe a good sculptor. Sylvia had always admired _clever__ people and Richard certainly seemed more intelligent than most men she'd met. 1 Just you don't hit your head as we crawl through the entrance to the cave. Twouldn't__ volunteering to do some charity work once I graduate. When choosing a course abroad, you should bear in that some schools do not offer help with accommodation. 2, Th was Martin that had the idea of redesigning the company logo and it’s now much more recognizable. If Anna continues to win so many contracts, she'll have a future in this company. ‘The day began cloudy and cool but ended with sunshine and warm temperatures, not brilliant 3 Adults are supposed to be Jearners in comparison to children. forgot that my watch was fifteen minutes so L arrived late for the interview. The first part of the film is terribly and my wife actually fell asleep at one point. 4 When you reach the beach, towards the tall cliffs on the right. The crowd cheered as David managed to the balll into the net in the last minute of the game. The people at the of the queue had been waiting outside the ticket office for hours. 5. Aswe boarded the ship, the occurred to me that I would probably never return to my country or see my family again. Some people take risks while they're driving, withno __ for the safety of other motorists. We over the offer very carefully and after a week or so we decided to accept. 77CD aii Readin une 2 Read the following nes 8 8 4 78 the mind? Multiple choice ©O Narcolepsy is a rare medical condition which causes people to fall asleep at any time and without any warning. In what ways do you think it might affect the lives of those people who suffer from it? ‘spaper article quite quickly and compare what one narcoleptic says with your ideas in exercise 1 MY CONSTANT FIGHT TO STAY AWAKE Dan Butler-Morgan tells Bryony Gordon about the dificulties of living with narcolepsy Asa reenages, Dan Butler-Morgan used to nod off during lessons ae school. He thought i was just what every rebellious schoolboy did, But when Dan le school, gota job asa mechanic and contined to fallasleep luring the day he realized this wasn't ‘normal. None of hs colleagwes dazed off while servicing car orspent their lunch break snoozing ina corner, When his boss threatened hin with the sack, he knew he had to find out whae made him so different from everybody else. Dan's GP was equally baffled and immediately sent histo asleep centre, ‘where he was digmosed as suffering fiom narcolepsy. an incurable sleep lisorder that is known to affect at leat 2,500 people in che UK. Narcoleptcs fll asleep at irregular andl unexpected times ‘Most peopl; says Dan, however tired, can say awake ifneed be, But with me, it lke a blind is drawn. I can be having conversation ‘with the most interesting person, but inside, 1 am fighting a constant battle to stay awake. It ike someone switches the lights of Dan once fel of his bike due to anattack,and has been throwen out of nightclubs by bouncers who thought hhe was drunk — sufferers ae offen ‘mistakenly considered to be inebriated or liry This, coupled withthe fact that nobody is quite sure what causes narcolepsy, makesie hard to diagnose leis widely believed to be the result of 4 genetic mutation, and research has shown thae sufferers havea dei ‘of hypocretin,a small hormone produced inthe brain which the body's state of arousal ‘Most narcoleptics also experience catapleny.a sudden loss of muscular control chat can cause them to fll to the floor their heads to skimp or thei Jaws to drop, usally aera sudden ss 8 8 95 10s surge of emotion sich as happiness,anger or fear- During the nig narcoleptics can also sur from sleep paralysis = an inability ¢o move just before falling asleep rust after waking up = and hallucinations. Dan suffers from all of these symptoms. When Tarrive for ote intervie he holds onto the door forsupport a his legs buckle in an attack of cataplexy, because 'T walked in and didn’ recognize you, and Las abit taken aback’. He finds ithard to describe the seep paralysis and hallucinations, bt ays he begins ‘to'go cold fiom the toes up, and th get these horrible noises in my ~babies crying and ahi 10 that mose people take for granted have been affected by my narcolepsy” he says. Socially, we can never really plan ego outtodinnerand! | can just fall asleep in my food: He is amazed at people’ lack of knowledge abou the condition, and has often encountered prejudice. He ns squeal-Then I sar co see things, either figuresin the room or big hands coming at me from bebind the The only person who can help Dan to snap out of te hallucinations is his 25-year-old wife, Claire, who is Frequently tired as she is woken by the attacks puta hand on his shoulder and he will come round, be it ean happen again and again during che aight’ she says A their worst, she estimates, the atacks ean oceur around 50 times 4 night Dan is remarkably fresh-fc for someone who is supposed to feel igue. He puts this down to the new tablets he takes to contol his condition, He vsed «0 take an amphetamine-based form of ‘medication, but found that his moods fluctuated roo misch, But since he started tking amphetamine-ffee Modafinil, his moods have levelled out and his attacks have decreased to just five or six times a night, three or four nights a week, He thinks that keeping busy also helps his condition. The couple have zecently boughta house and Dan works on itevery night afer work uneil midnight.‘les when I'm siting stil for any period of ime that [know Tn : going to go’ The couplesecently went 152. more tired nowadays than Tam | tosee a horror movie, and Dan slept through most oft. "Tiny ie things desperately wanted ta join the police force, but was senta rejection leer, 120 saying he would be a health-and- safety risk: Another potential employer sumed him down, telling him the sles assistant in his local chemist had told him Dan would probably tara up late for work all the time, Te not a disabilisy he says, forlornly."Bur people’ perceptions of itas one have led me to bea bit scared 1 ‘of tying to pursue any other cazcer 130. opportunities in case I get turned down, And I sometimes feel ike Lam bringing other people down with it Tecan make you fel ke a nothing, a obody 135 His attempts to control the eataplexy have changed his personality. “Lused to be this happy-go-lucky person, who was always eracking jokes, batnow f can't really hugh because it 140 sets off the eataploy? Despite all he obstacles that he has faced, though, Dan scl manages to look on the brights “Fortunately. don't think lever go back o being the teenager who slept Whole weekends wichout ever waking ‘up. This morning, [ got up at 5 am and Vlgo to thehouse this evening and | work on it antl lat. Infact he sys, grinning 2 his wife,T think ClairesAllin the mind? @ 3 Now read the text again. For questions 1-7, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. ‘© First, find the parts of the text which relate to each question. The questions follow the same order asthe information inthe text ‘+ Eliminate the options which are dearly wrong and choose the best answer, underlining key phrases or sentences n the text. “+ Restead the questions and check that the options you have chosen accurately reflect the information you have underiinded in the text. 1. Dan first knew he suffered from narcolepsy 5. Dan says he is most likely to fall asleep A when he was still at school. A in social situations. B during a visit to his doctor. B atthecinema. € shortly afier an incident at work. © when he is inactive D when he became unemployed. D when he works late. 2 What do we learn about narcolepsy in the third 6 What, according to Dan, has been the main paragraph? obstacle to him finding work? A. The symptoms are not always correctly identifi A. His low self-esteem B Itcan seriously affect the brain. B His fear of letting others down. © Itcan be brought on by drinking too much. People’s attitudes towards the disease. D Itoften makes sufferers lazy. D The dangers involved in employing him. 3 When he first met the writer, Dan 7 What do we learn about his feelings in the last A. was very angry. paragraph? B was alittle surprised, A. He finds his situation amusing. € fellover. B He isable to remain positive. D fellasleep. He is concerned about his wife. 4 ‘The-writer expresses her surprisciat D He wishes he could sleep like he used to. A the frequency with which he suffers attacks. B the form of medication he is taking. € his wife’ ability to cope with the situation. D his apparent lack of tiredness. © Reacting to the text In what ways do you think Dan's illness might affect those closest to him? Have you ever fallen asleep in an unexpected situation? Vocabulary 2: Sleep 1 Look back at the first paragraph of the reading text on page 78 and find: a. averb which means ‘to sleep for a short time, especially during the day’. b three verbs which mean ‘to go to sleep, usually without intending to’. 2 Complete the spaces with one of the adjectives or adverbs from the box. A good deep fast —_ soundly 1 The kids are staying over at their cousins’ so we should get a night’s sleep. 2. The passengers slept in their cabins, unaware of the coming storm. 3 The doctor gave him a sedative and he fell intoa__sleep. 4 Don't worry, you won't wake her up-she's___asleep. B wide light sleepless. rough 1 Over 2,000 homeless people are forced to sleep ___in this city. 2. It's midnight and I feel, awake. I shouldn't have had that coffee. 3. My baby daughter's teething, so we've had a few. nights recently. 4 Tve always been a ‘sleeper; I wake up at the slightest sound 79EW Allin the mind? 3 ©) Discuss the following questions with your partner 1 How long does it usually take you to get to sleep once you've gone to bed? 2 Do you ever lie awake in bed worrying about things? Does anything else keep you awake at night? 3 What advice would you give to someone suffering from insomnia? Do you know of any remedies? 4 Certain types of music or a film after lunch send some people to sleep. Does anything have this effect on you? Language focus 2: Passives 2 A Reporting verbs 1. The following structure can be used with certain verbs to give ‘generalized opinions or facts. ‘an incurable sleep disorder that is known to affect atleast 2,500 people in the UK. Sufferers are often mistakenly considered to be inebriated or lazy. {tis widely believed to be the result of a genetic mutation, (Many people believe itis the result ofa genetic mutation.) With past reference, the perfect infinitive is used. Jenkins is said to have had financial problems. (= People say that Jenkins had financial problems.) ‘She was thought to have fled the country (The police thought she had fled the country.) 2. Rewrite a-e below, Start the beginning of each new sentence with the underlined word or words, ‘People expect thatthe Prime Minister will announce his resignation later today, 'b They understand that the 22-year-old striker is considering ‘amove toa Spanish club. ¢ There's a rumour going round that the band have sacked their lead guitarist. The police alleged that he had been selling stolen goods. € One report says that she was paid over £2 milion for her Partin the film, B Have/Get something done 1 Whats the difference between the following sentences? ‘a We're painting the house at the weekend. b_ We're having the house painted at the weekend. © We're getting the house painted at the weekend. 2. What isthe difference in the use of have in the following two sentences? a Ihad my watch repaired last week, Thad my watch stolen last week. C Other passives with get Get can also be used as an informal alternative to be in passive sentences. Example: |'ve applied for loads of jobs but keep getting turned down. Get meaning ‘become’ is also common with the following past participles, cometimes with an object. get stuck get caught getburned getleft getlost getdressed get involved get hurt Examples The postman got stuck in the lift this morning. She got her head stuck in the back of the chair. €D Bead more about the pointsin sections A,B and C above in art D of the Grammar reference on pages 220 and 221 Practice Complete the gaps witha suitable phrase with have or get. ‘The first two have been done for you. Hurry up or you'l get left behind! b_ 1 go toa reflexologist every month to have my feet massaged. © Thisis the firs time | bought it for our wedding, d_ They've got a map and a compass so they're hardly likely cleaned since e Idowish you tested — | really think you reed glasses, you know. £I'mseriously thinking pierced. 9 He ‘writing graffiti on the bus and they fined him £50 h We ought. serviced ~ the engine's ‘making all sors of funny noises. i We broken into at the weekend They took the computer, Ty, video - everything, i think you. cut before your interview. ©) elyour partner about ‘something you've had done recently. ‘something you'd pay to have done if you had the money. ‘something you'd never have done, ever. an occasion when you got lost. a time when you got caught doing something you shouldn't have been. 80Allin the mind? @ 1. Have you seen a hypnotist at work? What were your impressions? Do you think hypnotism has any value apart from its ability to entertain? 20 You will he: fou will hear part of a radio programme about hyp questions 1-8, complete the sentences. owt hypnatism Poe Dr Anton Mesmer took his new form of treatment to Paris in Mesmerism was used to cure conditions such as and paralysis. Patients were treated in dark roams, sitting in The English [4], James Braid, coined the word ‘hypnotism’ in 1841 TB the let side ofthe brain [6] have all Hypnotists use a swinging watch to vonches;¢magnets il pictures been used as props Hypnotherapists say they can help people who want to overcome insomnia or Hypnosis is particularly useful with problems which are [8] in origin, Tole Ny een NTA ED82 Review Word formation For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Amnesiacs struggle to imagine future events People with amnesia have difficulty imagining future events with any (0) _richtiéss _ of detail and emotion, according to RICH Eleanor Maguire at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging in London, UK. She studied five patients who suffered from classic amnesia. The patients had all suffered (1) that had INFECT damaged a brain region called the hippocampus. The damage left the subjects with no recollection of past events, and all sorts of important and precious memories were (2) lost FORTUNE forever: Researchers asked the (3)__-and a control PARTICIPATE, group without amnesia - to imagine several future scenarios, such as visiting a beach, and to describe what the experience would be e. They then carried out an (4) of the subjects’ ANALYSE descriptions, scoring each statement based on whether it involved references to (5) relationships, emotions or specific SPACE, objects, All but one of the amnesiacs were worse at (6) VISUAL future events than those without amnesia. The way they saw future events was not asa‘whole picture’ where all the images fitted together and made sense, but was more likely to be (7) | ORGANIZE meaning they just saw a collection of very separate images. And in (8)___with their control counterparts, most amnesiacs COMPARE said little about how they felt in the (9) scenario. FICTION Although there is some anecdotal evidence to suggest that amnesiacs have problems picturing future events, Maguire is the first to study it (10) “The resulis show that amnesia patients are really SYSTEM stuck in the present,’ she says. Vocabulary Underline the correct alternative. 1 I'mafraid I have a poorlweakilightithin memory for faces. Clearly, you need to be a thickihardistrongiheavy swimmer to be a lifeguard. She seems to have a natural handigifi/presentiart for drawing, Well, that didn’t work. Got any more accomplishedicompetentlexpertibright ideas? He has a very prospectivelpromisingiprovidediproficient career ahead of him. I didn't ecrm(putifall{get to sleep until after two this morning. Noun We've been sleeping roughilight/badly/soundly lately. I's far too noisy in our neighbourhood. Ididn't hear the storm last night. I was fast/widefhardideep asleep. o 9 IWishis versatility that puts/makesisends/sers him apart from other actors of his generation. 10 There is little to decide/choose/separateldivide between the two films in terms of entertainment valueAllin the mind? @ Key word transformations CHE Parts For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given, Use between. three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). 0 It may take several months to decide on the location for the new stadium. MADE Tt may take several months before _a decision is made about the location for the new stadium. 1 They still haven't carried out a full assessment of the effects of these changes. FULLY ‘The effects of these changes have yet 2 Johnson was quite surprised when he won the election and became President. ABACK Johnson was rather elected as President, 3. The police now think he invented the story to protect his girlfriend. HAVE Heisnow up the story to protect his girlfriend. 4. My parents are planning to pay someone to repair and redecorate their house next month, UP My parents are planning tohave their next month, 5. He thinks his friends do not appreciate him. GRANTED He dislikes. by his friends. 6 They've postponed the meeting until January to give the management team longer to ‘The meetin; until January to give the management team longer to decide. 7. To help us run the exhibition next month, we need at least six people. REQUIRED No to help us run the exhibition next month. 8 Acommon belief WEAK British people are commonly believed to foreign languages. that British people cannot speak foreign languages very well. 8384 Ready for Introduction In Paper 3 you have one hour to complete five different tasks. There are fifty questions in total. Part 1 (Multiple-choice cloze) and Part 2 (Open cloze) are dealt with in more detail elsewhere in this book. In this section we will look specifically at: Part 3 Word formation Part 4 Gapped sentences Part 5 Key word transformations Part 3: Word formation Te ee Part 3 contains text with ten gaps, each of which has to be filed withthe correct form of a word given in capital letters. In the example below, the infinitive form ofthe verb isneeded after the modal can, The missing words are usually nouns, adjectives, adverbs and occasionally verbs. Sometimes the words you waite will need to be in the plural, and sometimes a negative form is required. The ‘meaning ofthe text surrounding tne gaps will help you to decid. 1 For questions 1-10, use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. Use the words in bold to help you to decide on the correct form of your answer: There is an example at the beginning (0). What a pain! We've all felt pain at some time or other, but what is its function and how can we (0) _mrininize_it in our lives? MINIMUM According to the International Association for the Study of Pain, the (1) of pain is. as follows: ‘an unpleasant sensory DEFINE and (2)___ experience associated with actual or EMOTION potential tissue damage.’ Our understanding of pain is influenced by a (3) of VARY factors including our (4) state, memories of past PSYCHOLOGY pains, and how our cultural (5) affect our lives. Some BELIEVE people believe that women should (6)____ have a much THEORY greater (7) for pain than men, since they are capable TOLERATE of giving birth, which can be intensely painful. However, one study conducted at the University of Bath in the UK involving men and women submerging their arms in iced water, actually discovered that the women found the pain more (8) than the BEAR men di If the (9) of time in which a person suffers pain is greater. LONG than six months, this kind of pain is referred to as chronic. Acute pain does not usually last as long and it generally (10) ‘COMPANY illness, injury or surgery. 2 Describe each answer in exercise 1 using the words in the box below. noun adjective adverb verb negative plural prefix spelling change Example (0) ‘Minimize’ is.a verb. It requires a spelling change to form the ending ‘ize’.Ready for Use of English Look at the title of the paragraph in exercise 4, What do you think the text will be about? Read through the text quite quickly, ignoring the gaps, and check your predictions. Deere forge Check the speling Now read the text again and for questions 1-10, use the word of the words you iven in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word write. No marks that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the will be awarded for beginning (0) 2 misspelt word. Moths count! Renowned conservationist Sir David Attenborough is launching a campa today called ‘Moths Count, to halt the (0) drastically declining number DRASTIC. of Britain's native moths and improve their poor image. A report (1) ‘TITLE “The State of Britain's Larger Moths’ revealed last year that in many urban and southern areas, the moth population has almost (2)__ since 1968. And HALE another alarming (3) of the long-term study showed that there has FIND been a national decrease of up to 32% in 300 larger moth species. This has led the charity, ‘Butterfly Conservation’, of which Sir David is president, to develop a new strategy which will provide opportunities for real (4)___ tobroaden ENTHUSIASM. their (5) and also generate appreciation among the wider public. Moths, EXPERT he insists, play an essential role in the environment. Their loss (6) the THREAT species of birds, bats and small mammals that feed on them, and the plants that they pollinate. ‘Moths Count’ campaigner Richard Fox says ‘Currently theres an an image problem, partly because there’ a (7) that moths are night PERCEIVE creatures, although many are day-flying and only about half a dozen of Britain's 2,500 species damage clothes.’ Reasons for their declin iclude climate change and loss of habitat linked to intensive farming. Although the (8) of DIVERSE moths has increased with the (9) ‘of new species in Britain, overall their ESTABLISH numbers have dropped, and for some, extinction now seems sadly (10) AVOID Part 4: Gapped sentences Wiriacdetecsukuee cl * In the gapped sentences task there are five sets of three sentences, ® For each set, you need to find one word which is appropriate for the gap in each sentence. The word must have the same fom, but might function as more than one part of speech, for example, play might be used as a noun and a verb; slim mightbe used as a verb and an adjective. For questions 1-5, think of one word only which can be used appro} ately in all three sentences. Here is an example (0). © We tooka wrong turn _ on the motorway and got completely lost! The clouds seem to be clearing, so it should _tur_intoa sunny day after all. to doit today. Idid the washing up yesterday, so its your _turn tu 85Ready for Use of English To help you answer questions 1-5 use the words in bold and the definitions below each set of sentences. 1 a Adrian's the kind of person who likes to plan and decide how to spend each day of his holiday. b_ Most people believe a good education will enable their children to get in life. € Ifyou look to your left, you should be able to see our hotel straight by the lake. i This adverb forms. phrase which means fo think about or consider the future. The phrasal verb formed here means to make progress or be successful ili. This adverb describes a location that lies directly in front of the speaker. 2 a Weintend to the magazine at older men, where we feel there is a gap in the market. b_ Some people appear to have no in life and go from one job to another. c My. was bad and I missed the target by at least a metre. i This verb means o specifically design for Synonyms for this noun might be ‘ambition’ or ‘purpose’. ifi. This noun refers to your ability to hit something 3 a Itsdifficult to put an exact ‘on how much the museum extension will cost. b Che Guevara was a leading in the communist revolution in Cuba. © The government need to ‘out what they are going to do to lower unemployment, i Thisnoun means an amount or number. ii Here the word collocates with leading to describe a person who is well known or has been important in some way. iii, The phrasal verb formed here means to analyse a problem and find a solution. 4 a Sarah finally became a little more with her therapist about her feelings, b Staying out in the for too long can result in hypothermia, so find somewhere warm to shelte ¢ The shop was badly damaged by fire and the owner does not know when it will be for business again. i This adjective means to be willing to express your honest thoughts or feelings. ii. This noun refers to any place that is outside, rather than in a building. iii. The phrase formed here means that the public or customers are able to use a shop, service, etc. 5 a This new electric drill [bought seems to havea of its own. b After my grandmother died, I discovered she had left me her ring in her and Istill wear it today, ¢ Having the to win is what turns good athletes into champions. i. The phrase formed with the word here means the abili itself ii This noun refers to the formal document in which a person writes who is to receive their possessions, land or money after they die. ili. This phrase describes the determination that is needed to succeed in something difficult. to make decisions for 86Ready for Use of English Part 5: Key word transformations 7 : For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. Use between three and six words, including the word given. 1. Karen's shyness means that she tries not to speak about anything personal in front of other people. HERSELF Karen prefers to avoid public, as she is terribly shy. Which key verb in the first question is missing from the second? 15 ‘avoid! followed by a gerund or infinitive? What preposition goes before ‘public’ so that it means ‘in front of other people’ 2 Itwould be a good idea if you could lose a couple of kilos, WEIGHT Idon't think that you any harm, To form the subject of the clause after T don't think that, infinitive? What common verb begins the expression ‘...you any harm'? do we use the gerund or 3 Wehad expected Pedro to get promoted. SURPRISE, Pedro's promotion came tous. In the first sentence, does the speaker say that the promotion is a surprise or not? What part of speech is ‘surprise’? Look at the surrounding text in the second sentence to help you. 4 think this report needed to be written more carefully. CARE You should writing this report, Is the speaker referring to past, present or future? What verb often collocates with ‘care'? 5 Since the director could not speak at the awards ceremony himself, one of the actors took his place. BEHALF One of the actors made the director at the awards ceremony. What noun is formed from the verb ‘speak’? What two prepositions go on either side of ‘behalf’? 6 After the noise from the machine has stopped, you can open the lid. UNTIL Do not open the lid of the machine that noise. Which of the following structures means that the verblactivity no longer happens: stop +gerund or stop + infinitive What verb often collocates with ‘noise’? 7 Iregret not concentrating more on what the teacher said during my French lessons. ATTENTION Tnow wish the teacher during my French lessons. What structure comes after ‘wish’ to refer to a past regret? (See Unit 3) Which verb often collocates with ‘attention’? What preposition follows ‘attention’? 8 Rene’s performance in last week's test was nowhere near as good as it was in today’s. CONSIDERABLY Rene performed he did in last week's In which test did Rene have good results today’s or last week's? What part of speech is ‘considerably’? What parts of speech can it precede and describe? 87Multiple choice us 1 ©) Whats your reaction to the images of medical treatment shown in the pictures? 2. The three extracts below are all concerned in some way with health, Read them through quickly and match each text A-C to one of the pictures. 3 Read the texts again and for qu. ions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, € or D) which you think fits best according to the text. A ADVERTISEMENT ATTENTION ALL STUDENTS! Do you need to eam money while you study but can’t spare the hours for aregular job? MINERVA PHRAMACEUTICALS is currently carrying out tests on a range of new products aimed at combating the influenza vitus. They are looking for young people who are wiling to take part in a series of medical trials which will ascertain the effectiveness of the new products To become a test subject, you should be between the: ages of 18-25. Anyone suffering from chronic medical conditions, or a person who has a family history of high blood pressure cannot be permitted to participate in the: tests, You must be wiling to undergo a thorough medical ‘examination te ensure you are in goad physical condition before the trials can begin, and then attend tral sessions. ‘on the 1:\and 15% of next month. A final compulsory examination will also be sot up for the fourth week. Itis vital that you are able to keep daily records of your health and any side effects of the products that you may observe, Some subjects may experience mild allergic reactions to the test products and should make an appointment with a Minerva Pharmaceuticals doctor, who will suggest the best course of action. In the highly unlikely event that a severe reaction should occur, subjects should seek urgent attention at hospitel and arrange for Minerva Pharmacueticals to be contacted. All hospital-elated costs will be fully borne by the company. Such an outcome, however, has been known to occur only in exceptional circumstances, line27 1 Inorder to participate in the medical trials, a person must be A healthy B ona low income, © taking a medical degree. D able to report to the company every day. 2. Which phrase is echoed by the words ‘to occur only in exceptional circumstances’ (line 27)? the best course of action should seek urgent attention A B inthe highly unlikely event c D will be fully borne by 88B EXTRACT FROM A MAGAZINE ARTICLE “Yget very stressed and often have abtnding headache when | leave school. Like most teachers, |erash uring the rst werk ofthe holidays and get throat infections. don know much about complementary medicine -my local beauty salon ofers Indian head massage, and I've always promised myself book an appointment, but Tvenever got roundto it. But recentlya colleague passed onanatile on Tha yoga massage. its sao twork onthe energy meridians, relieve physical strain and stretch your lin. made an appointment. {twas atte taken aback at fst tis certainty not massage a we know t involves much harder pressing and tf like was apece of dough being kneaded. When the practitioner was 3. The writer decided to try Thai Yoga 4 A. asa result of another teach B tocompare it with Indian Head Massage. € aller getting some background information, D tostop herself from becoming stressed C EXTRACT FROM A NOVEL Dr Iannis tilted the old man’s head and peered into the ear. With his long matchstick he pressed aside the undergrowth of stiff grey hairs. There was something spherical within. He scraped its surface to remove the hard brown cankerous coating of wax, and beheld a pea. It ‘was undoubtedly a pea; it was light green, its sur slightly wrinkled, and there could not be any doubt in the ‘matter. ‘Have you ever stuck anything down your ear? he demanded, “Only my finger’ replied Seams ‘And how long have you been de: ‘Since as long as I can remember Feeling good @ ‘massaging me | sometimes thought, “Oh please, don’t do that ony ‘more.” He didn’t actually talk to me, apart from atthe beginning when heanswered my questions and when he gave instructions, Uahich was abit eerie. he'd spoken to me more would have fet moreat ease. : felt Icould have run up and down hills after the session, but the nextday Iwas back to normal and (never got that sensation of instant energy again. Asthe treatments went on, the headaches beganto ease offand things didn’t seem to get on top of me the way ‘ey used to. don’t know if this can necessarily be put down tothe treatment, though, because stress depends on so many things. In this piece, the writer is generally A. convinced that alternative therapies are useless, B impressed by the manner of the therapist. € sceptical about the effects of Thai Yoga Massage. D optimistic that her health problems will disappear Dr Tannis found an absurd pieture rising up before his| imagination, I was Stamatis as a todaller, with the same gnarled face, the same stoop, the sme overmeasure of aural hai, up to the kitchen table, and taking a dried pea from a wooden bowl, He stuck it into his mouth, Found it too hard to bite, ancl crammed it into his ear. The doctor chuckled, ‘You must have been a very annoying litle boy He was a devil "Be quiet won Thave your mother’s word, God rest her soul,’ replied the ‘old woman, pursing her lips and folding her arms, ‘and I have the word of your sisters 1, you didn’t even know me in those days.” 5 When Dr Iannis examined Stamatis’ ear A he was not surprised when he found a pea. B he realized the cause of Stamatis’s hearing problems. € he believed the pea had only recenily got stuck. D he was angry that Stamatis had wasted his time. 6 The old lady refers to the young Stamatis as‘a devil’ to emphasize A his tendency to distort the truth. B the way his family saw him as an outsider: € his ability to trick other people. D his habit of causing trouble. O Reacting to the texts Would you ever consider taking part in medical trials? Why/why not? Do you think alternative therapies provide a useful and effective alternative to mainstream medicine? Whyiwhy not? ‘When you were a child, did you ever require medical assistance because of something unusual you did? 89ED Fecling good 1 90 Vocabulary: Health AHealth problems a_In 1-5 complete each of the expressions in bold with a word from the texts. Check your answers in the relevant extracts shown in brackets, 1 Whatis the difference between an acute condition and a___ condition? (A) What are the main causes of high blood __? (A) 2 3) What might a reaction be? (A) 4 What do you do if you have a headache? (B) 5 Do throat ever cause you to lose your voice? (B) b © Work with a partner and discuss each of the questions in a. a For each of the adjectives on the left, underline the noun or nouns on the right which collocate with it, You may need to underline one, two oral three nouns. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 torn muscles/ligaments/cheeks 1 chipped —_tooth/stomach/bone 2 sprained naillankle/wrist 3 blocked —_toe/noseineck 4 dislocated —shoulder/hip/jaw 5 bruised ribsithigh/ooth 6 swollen glandsilips/feet b ©) Which of the complaints and inj ina have you suffered? Tell your partner about them. B Phrasal verbs Complete each of the gaps with the correct form of a phrasal verb. The phrasal verb should have the same meaning as the definition in brackets. 1 MINERVA PHARMACEUTICALS is currently (performing) tests on a range of new products. (A) 2. A final compulsory examination will also be (arranged) for the fourth week. (A) 3 I promised myself I'd book an appointment but I never (did what I had been intending fo)__toit. (B) 4 Iwasalitile (surprised) at first know it. (B) 3 As the treatments went on, the headaches began to (become less intense) (By 6 I don't know if this can necessarily be (attributed) to the treatment. (B) is certainly not massage as we Check your answers in the relevant reading extract.Feeling good Multiple-choice cloze Read the following text quickly, ignoring the gaps for the moment. Have you seen this phenomenon in your own language? For questions 1-12, read the text again and then decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space. There is an example at the beginning (0), VIRTUAL DOCTORS Clare Harrison rarely (0) Dee cet eee Ce she recently (1) out in @ painful rash down one side of her body she emailed her symptoms, which also included a (2) ee een eae iad ‘Two hours later she was diagnosed as having shingles (Herpes Zoster) by her online doctor, who (3)____a special cleansing solution for the rash and analgesics to help (4) Coy Le eid eo en eee and online medical (5) is big business. Sites (6) Cree ane eed SNe en eeu et ee ae esa ‘email. They are clearly (7)__a demand from people who are too busy or,in some cases, too embarrassed to discuss their medical (8)__with their GR. Dr Ron Zeronis (9) __with the idea for e-doc when he (10) Ancor d dangerous form of malaria whilst travelling in a remote part of Africa With only very basic medical facilities available, Dr Zeronis resolved there and then to launch his site and (11) _ Oe eee et kei aE ae oun Gin ee eet Se eRe eee a oe eee ee ees particularly in the case of more (12) illnesses, Gizzp 0 A falls B stays, C goes D turns There areseveral «(| A came B passed © worked D ran ey 2 A small Bweak c mild D calm medicine in the 3 Adetermined B concluded € prescribed —_D intended RAs | 4 Atelier B disappear € improve D lighten ctebook, 5 Aatiendance B appointment C meeting D consultation conn 6 A alter Bdistinguish D vary 7 A meeting B serving © creating D establishin 8 A complaint B story € hardship Dharm 9 A goton B thoughtover_ € came up D put forward 10 A received B contracted © gained D acquired 11 A supply B distribute © provide D deliver 12 A important B deathly © serious D endangered ©) what do you think are ‘the potential dangers of online medical advice’? Do you/Would you consult a medical service on the Internet? 91HED Feeling good Collaborative task 92 ©) Concerned at the negative effects of modern-day living, the government has announced plans to launch a poster campaign aimed at encouraging a healthier lifestyle and a greater sense of wellbeing amongst the population. ‘The illustrations below are the first drafts of the posters representing the main issues that the government wishes to address. Talk to each other about how important each issue is to our health and wellbeing, and then decide which three posters would be the most effective. THE WALE BOYSUG00D. Useful language ‘a Which of the following adverbs is not normally used with the adjective important? fairly relatively especially particularly utterly important 1b Which of the following adjectives cannot be used to mean very important? crucial vital essential mentary fundamental Circle the collocate in italics which is different in some way to the other three and complete the gap with an appropriate preposition, a This poster would have a short-termiminimallsignificantilimited effect ___ people's behaviour b Itwould be highlyireasonably/particularlylextremely effective_____ changing people's attitudes. Underline the correct verb in italics and complete the gap with an appropriate preposition. a [ (don't) think people would lendipay/haveldraw a great deal of attention this poster b_Tdon't think people would take/give/servelbring much notic —— this one.Further discussion ©) Discuss the following questions. Feeling good @@ Would you make any changes to the posters you have chosen? Are there any other issues which you think need addressing? How necessary is it for governments to become involved in campaigns such as the one above? Are we too obsessed with healthy eating and physical fitness nowadays? To what extent does the way you dress influence the way you feel? How far do you agree that the reason we sometimes help others is to make ourselves feel better? Give examples. What are th previous generations? Multiple choice positive effects of modern-day living? In what ways are we happier than @O ou will hear a radio programme about a treatment for removing frown lines and wrinkles from the forehead. What do you think motivates people to have this type of treatment? ©) 1.27 For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear, 1 Dr Evans says most of his patients prefer receiving the treatment at parties because A. itis not complicated to administer. B they do not want to risk being seen by the media. € they are too busy to go to his surgery D they enjoy socializing. 2 What do we learn from Lynnie about the injections? A. The effects are temporary. B Theyare quite painful. There are no side-effects. D They can lead to addiction. 3 Dr Evans says that he has botulism injections himself in order to A. advertise his business. B look good for his wife. € help him feel more confident. D impress the media, 4 Lynnie says of the treatment that it ‘A iscomparable to meditation. B isbeyond the means of most people. © offers good value for money. D has become a routine. How have other people reacted to Lynnie’s treatment? A. They cannot under has the injection: B They have become accustomed to her appearance. € Theyare glad it has helped her overcome depression D They have apologized for comments they made earlier: and why she Dr Evans says that people at the parties A. are normally more talkative than usual, B compliment him on his appearance. € are surprised at how hard he works. D are unaware how tired he feels. ©) ynmie says of the treatment: Ira way of growing old gracefiully, We all use moisturizer, we all take care of ourselves. I think it's just an extension of that. To what extent do you agree with her? Under what circumstances, if any, would you have either this type of treatment or cosmetic surgery? 93HED Feeling good 94 Language focus: Reported speech A Direct and reported speech In the following example, an extract of direct speech from the listening has been reported. What tense changes have been made after the reporting verbs in bold? Presenter: ‘Have other people noticed the effects?’ Lynnie: Yes, they have. And they've grown used to my new look now. The presenter asked Lynnie if other people had noticed the effects and she replied that they had, and added that they'd ‘grown used to her new look. ‘What other changes do you notice? ©D Fea more about these changes in Part Aof the Grammar reference on page 221 For questions 14 below, refer to the direct speech to help you complete the gaps in the reported version. Use the Teporting verbs in the box. Do not write more than two words in each gap. The exercise begins with an example (0) warmed announced reminded repeated pointedout predicted conceded admitted stressed concluded 0 "Yes.I doaccept the situation is critica, butlet me say jonce again that we are doing our best to find a solution’ The Prime Minister conceded that the situation was. critical, bt repeated that the Government was doing its best to find a solution. 1 "Yes, | did sell the stolen paintings, but | would like to ‘mention that | have given all the proceeds to charity’ ‘The defendant that she the stolen paintings, but to the court that she all the proceeds to charity 2 ‘Ithink there'll be more than 250,000 taking part in the protest. There might be some violent activists ~so be carefull” The police chief that there ‘over 250,000 taking part in the protest. He his men that there some violent activists and urged them tobe careful 3. “The result of al this is that we must increase profits. Remember — if we don’t, the company will go bankrupt’ The Managing Director that they increase profits and the board that they «the company bankrupt. 1d just ike to tell everyone that intend to resign atthe end ofthis season. should emphasize that| have nat been asked to leave.” The manager has that he to resign atthe end of this season, He that he been asked to leave. 1 2 B Alternative verb patterns Many reporting verbs can be followed by alternative verb pattems to the that’ clause seen in section A Example: ‘Ishould have started younger, ’said Dr Evans. Dr Evans regretted that he had not started younger. Dr Evans regretted not startingihaving started younger. Match the groups of verbs A-D with the corresponding verb patterns 1-4, 1. doing something 2. todo something 3 someone to do something 4. (that) someone (should) do something A c urge suggest remind deny warn admit B D promise suggest agree insist refuse agree ‘Ad each verb in the box tothe appropriate group A, B, C ‘oF D. Some verbs belong to more than one group, as with suggest in groups C and . threaten ask recommend persuade encourage demand offer C Verbs and dependent prepositions ‘Complete each of the gaps with an appropriate preposition. Use the same preposition for both gaps in each sentence. Example: 0 Management were able to discourage workers, from Going on strike, bt the union would not be dissuaded -from_taking legal action. 1. | apologized __ arriving late, but she thanked me __ turning up at all. 2. He congratulated me___passing my driving test and insisted __ buying me a drink 3 She accused him deception and spoke _ reporting him to the police. 4. The union protested __ the decision to sack him, but his own colleagues supported the move and argued__ reinstating him, 5 She consented the interview but objected __ being photographed. €D Lead more about the point in sections B and € above in Part B of the Grammar reference on page 221Feeling good a Practice For each speaker, choose two ofthe points in your notes 1 @ QP 128-429 Listen twice to two doctors giving and use reported speech to explain them. their opinions on the effects of passive smoking. Make Example: notes as you listen, The man claimed that smokers threatened the health Brample: ‘of non-smokers who lived with them by causing them call 10 breathe in small amounts of nicotine. ‘non-smokers living with smokerslsmall amounts nicotineirsk to health 2 > Compare your sentences with another student’, Did ‘you report the same points? 3 ©) Which of the two doctors do you agree with? Word formation: Verbs The following verbs from the listening are formed using the affixes ~ -if anden-, social +-ize they enjoy socializing pure +-ify the botulism toxin which is purified en-+able 10 enable them to get work on television 1 In 1-5 below, the affix at the beginning of each line can be used to form verbs with all of the words in the line, except one. Underline the odd one out and write down the verb forms ofall the words. The exercise begins with an example (0), © ize — special summary valid = modern commercial specialize summarize validate modernize commercialize 1 -ify class example ple identity general 2 -ate difference qualification captive value assassin 3 -ize character stable familiar dominant computer 4 -en strong sad rich deaf high Sen large wide sure danger courage 2 For each of the verbs in box A below, decide which of the prefixes in box B can be used to form new verbs. Example: cook ~ secook (cook again), overcook (cook t00 much) A cook appear read number —Joad_—hear_—_ use B ree diss over uns miss out 3 Complete each gap with an appropriate form of the word in cay line. The exercise begins with an example (0). 0 Isce they've finally got round to_widenirig_the Shoreham road. WIDE 1 Each employee's performance is _at least once a year. VALUE 2 We could barely hear ourselves speak above the roar DEAF of the sea. 3. He was fined £500 and from driving for three years. QUALIFY 4 They lost the battle, despite ___the enemy by two to one. NUMBER 5. [spent my first two weeks back at work myself with all FAMILIAR the new procedures, 6 Arnold died in 1953: his wife, who him by almost halfa LIVE century, passed away on the last day of the millennium. 7 Before enrolling on a course, you should first ensure that it has been by an officially recognized body. VALID 8 New ‘Deluxe’ moisturizing cream smooths out wrinkles and SURE. that your skin stays young-looking 4° Write similar gapped sentences for three more of the words in exercises I and 2. ‘Then give your sentences to your partner to complete. 95HERD Feeling good (Writing: =) Letter eo ‘ Read the following advertisement. Would you consider becoming a member of a club like this? Warden Park Health & Fitness Club — We offer a wide range of facilities aimed at promoting fitness, health and well- being through physical activity,rest and relaxation Gym:fully equipped with cardiovascular machines, including cycles, treadmills and rowers,to burn off those excess calories. ‘Treatment Room: for massage, manicures and waxing, to pamper yourself from head to toe. Sauna: wonderful for unwinding after a stressful day at work. Pool: with a special roped-off area for aquarobics. Squash: for those who prefer more competitive activity Classes: our fitness studio provides classes in Step, Body Pump and Spinning. For more information email us at [email protected], 2 Read the follows the required letter? Part 1 task. Is a more formal or informal register appropriate for You belong to a health and fitness club. The General Manager has recently written to members inviting them to comment on proposed improvements to the club. Read the extract from the General Manager’ letter and from your notepad, and write a letter to the General Manager commenting on the proposed changes and offerin, suggestions. alternative 96Feeling good € and would be grateful for your comments on the proposed changes, which I have summarized below. + Building of a second sauna in the area adjacent to the swimming pool. pice idea, but more: urgent needs + Purchase of additional equipment (cycles, treadmills, etc) for the Gym. no need ~ no room: + Wide screen TY, broadcasting Global Sports Alternative 6 ic Channel, for the snack bar. suggestions Defritely net! ¢ Take on extra instructors for classes Kind regards. mires variety needed (yoga, aerobics, ickboxing, eto) Brice Roberts * Extend changing room next to pool —too small Bruce Roberts ° Better. ‘Cooking facilities for snack bar General Manager ~ one microwave not enought sree Ey Write your letter in 180-220 words. You do not need to include postal addresses, 3. Which of these words describe the tone or attitude you should adopt in your letter? abrupt appreciative negative constructive complaining polite friendly derisive 4 Match each of the General Manager's proposals to a corresponding alternative suggestion Example: Wide screen TV for the snack bar/Better cooking facilities for snack bar Each pair of proposals might be dealt with at the same time in your letter: 5 Now write your answer to the question. Useful language 1. Which of the following verbs would you not use when expressing your opinions and making alternative suggestions? recommend demand suggest reckon point out insist agree warn feel 2. For 1-3, cross out the word in italics which does not collocate with the words in bold. 1 amore usefilipracticallattractivelsuitedipopular option/alternative 2. alan serious/general/shortidistinctlobvious lack of facilities/space 3. aan greatericlearirealicompletelurgent need for more facilities/space 9798 Review Word formation For questions 1-10, use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). HOLDING BACK THE YEARS No need to suffer (0) __painfiul__ expensive cosmetic surgery. Here are five Lips to combat the ageing process and make you look and feel better: Drink the right liquids Drinking two litres of water a day helps fight (1) headaches, stiff joints and dry skin and eyes ~ especially if you work at a computer. Juices made with (2) of fruit and vegetables such as carrot and apple will also give you a lift and your energy levels will increase (3) Detox diets Regularly cleaning up your diet to clear out (4) ___toxins is the best way to wash away the blues. A detox diet (5)_____ and re-energizes your body, (6) your mind and works wonders for your skin Fight wrinkles Ifyou're worried about wrinkles, use a (7) cream every day, especially during the summer months. They won't ‘disappear before your very eyes’, but you should notice a marked improvement. Scalp treatment Regular massaging of your head releases tension, helps circulation and hair (8) Thy it when washing your hair Learn to laugh Laughter beats stress, boosts (9) and improves your ability to earn and (10) facts, say scientists. PAIN WANT PURE SHARP MOISTURE GROW IMMUNE, MEMORYFeeling good @ Vocabulary: Health crossword Across 2 aminor medical 6 aswollen 7 asprained 9 ablinding 11 come out ina 12 abruised 13 ablocked Down ‘an upset relieve the a chipped fall seriously amild atorn 10 prescribe a__ eau Reported speech In each of the following sentences there is one grammatically incorrect word. Underline the unnecessary word. There is an example at the beginning (0). © Paul said that if he had known we were moving house last week, he would have offered us to come and help. 1 She confessed to being a little unfit and in need of exercise, and she a run in the local half marathon in April 2 He complained about he was suffering from hay fever and claimed that a vase of flowers in the school entrance had brought it on on Monday. 3. The teacher reminded us that we should read more and virtually insisted we need buy an English newspaper; I haven't got round to doing it yet, but I will 4 The Transport Minister commented to reporters on the need for greater safety on the roads and pointed them out that a number of measures were about to be taken. 5 Mrs Jacobs mentioned that she had had the car repaired five times in the last year and added that she regretted of ever having considered buying one in the first place. reed to having Report the following sentences without using the verbs say or tell. The exercise begins with an example (0). © ‘Ididn’t take your pen so please don't shout at me.” He denied taking her pen and asked her not to shout at him. 1 ‘You really must come and visit us some time. You'll love it here, you can be sure of that 2. ‘Tm sorry I haven't phoned carlier—T've been very busy. 3. ‘Itsa very dangerous part of town, so please, please, don't go there on your own. 4 ‘You ought to wear your gloves on the run tomorrow, and don't forget to do some warm-up exercises beforehand.’ 5 ‘Itmight rain at the weekend, but if it doesn't, Il take you all to the Funfair: 99-) This is the modern world Sentence completion cum © Iryou have a mobile phone, how much use do you make of it? If you don't have a mobile phone, why not? 1.30 You will hear part of a radio programme about mobile phones. For pl questions 1-8, complete the sentences. The first category of mobile phone user is described as cE te ‘style bandits’ see their phone asa type of| 2), ‘Hedonists’ and ‘resisters’ share an interest in simplicity and| [3 when buying a mobile phone. a Mobile phones come in different colours to match the 4 jof each user. Food colours can remind us of our| sh; More than 6 ]of UK teenagers have paid for a ring tone. Ring tones of music which is 7 jis popular with teenagers. High prices are paid for numbers which people fi | ©) Which, if any, of the four types of user are you? What, if anything, do you think the model, colour and ring tone of your mobile phone say about you? If you don't have a mobile phone, which of those pictured would you choose? Do you think we attach too much importance to mobile phones? Would life be better or worse without them? Give reasons 100Language focus 1: Determiners and pronouns Complete each of the gaps inthe following extracts from the recording with one of the words in the box. You will need to Use some of the words twice. one another many every both The hedonists’ and'resisters' ares but very different in (2) phones at low cost... ‘Resisters' are against mobile phones but fel they have to own (4). (5)___ people are attracted by food colours Ring tones cover (6)_musical genre. At the top end of the market there's(7)_type of personalization available to users. rin(1)__respect, -(8)___want easy-to-use Determiners, which come before nouns, are often used to talk about quantities and amounts Example: I think we've got enough milk for today. Many words which are determiners can also be used on their ‘own as pronouns. Pronouns are used instead of nouns. Example: {'m going to buy some milk. We haven't got enough Look at the extracts in exercise 1 and decide whether each of the words you have written is used as a determiner or a pronoun. a Determiners can be used before either singular nouns, plural nouns, uncountable nouns or nouns of more than ‘one type. In 1=3 cross out the grammatically incorrect word. There is an example at the beginning (0) 0 ‘Allisueh/SomeINo mobile phones have this facility’ 1 ‘NolEach/AlliNeither player is allowed to handle the ballin this game” 2. "This happens on manyivery fewleverylmost days of the year in my country 3 ‘Alot ofiverylittleSeveraliNo fruits this colour’ b- > foreach correct alternative in the sentences in a, discuss what the speaker might be referring to. Example: ‘All mobile phones have this facility’ All mobile phones can be used to speak to people and send text messages. ‘a. Sometimes more than one determiner can be used before ‘noun. In 1-3 cross out the incorrect alternative. 1 1.go swimming every manylevery few weeks. 2. ibe on holiday in another one monthianother few months. 3 There are no otherino many languages I'd like to learn, b> How tne are the sentences in a for you? ©€D Feead more about Determiners and Pronouns on pages 221 and 222 of the Grammar reference. Practice Each of the paragraphs 1-4 contains two mistakes in the use Of pronouns and determiners. Find the mistakes and correct them. You will need to change the pronoun or determiner, or tone of the words which follows. Example: any I tried on no fewer than ten coats, and didn’t buy either of was them. Each one were either too long or too short and none of them would have been suitable for work. 1. Every other years I meet up with afew of my old school ‘riends. All of us are married with children now and we have vey little free time, but we do our best to keep in ‘touch with each another. 2. Thisis one ofthe few pubs where you can stil have a Quiet drink. There are quite afew others | enjoy going to, but most of they play loud music and neither is very welcoming, 3. Alan's been working at Crabtree's for some thirty year, and there's al likelihood he'llbe there for another twenty. ‘Most people in his profession change company every five years of so but he has none intention of moving on. 4 Both of my daughters use the computer, but they're each restricted to an hour a day on it. Several of my friends’ children, on another hand, spend as most as twenty hours 2 week playing games or surfing the Net. Filleach of the gaps with one word from the box to complete ‘the common expressions in bold. all lot none anyone few little most each every either We've got an awful____todoand precious time to doit in, so let's get started now! 2 The service in the restaurants first class and the quality of thefood second to 3. He gave five concerts in London and I went to single one of them. 4 You can get there by bus o train you a lot of money. 5 too often students fil to read the instructions properly and few, if get full marks, 6 Wehad toqueue a good hours to get the tickets, butwe made the ‘of our time, reading talking and playing cards 7. She turned the pages __ by one, carefully studying the information on each one. 8 Ilike to thank _and every one of you forall your hard work, way, itl cost ©) choose four of the expressions in exercise 2. Have a three-minute conversation with your partner on one ofthe topics on page 206, aiming to include all four expressions. At the ehd of the three minutes, tell your partner which expressions he or she has used. 101 is the modern world @EW this is the modern world 102 Vocabulary 1: Amount ‘The underlined words in the following sentences from the listening refer to cost or amount. Both want easy-to-use phones at low cost. Companies are paying hugesums for mobile phone numbers. formal English than in High prices are paid for numbers. conversation (see page 25}. In 1-6 below, use the information in the first sentence to complete the gaps in the second, more formal sentence. You should write wo words in each gap; one from box A and the other, a noun, from box B. The exercise begins with an example (0). A | small extra full great high large no B it, cost deal refund number —eharge discount © We can do this if you pay alittle bit more. This can be arranged for a small __ extra charge 1. You can send in as many entries as you like. There is to the number of entries that can be submitted. 2. Ifso, we'd give you alll your money back. If this were the case, you would be entitled toa 3 The press are really interested in the event. The event has attracted a of media interest. 4 Its abit cheaper if you pay cash. We offera if you pay cash 5 We've put up the price because it's very expensive to send it by rail now. The current of rail transport has resulted in a price increase. 6 Alot of customers have complained. We have received a of complaints from customers, ©) For 1 above, discuss with your partner the possible context for each of the sentences you have completed. Example: © This could be an announcement by a company ora shop which charges extra for delivery of products or purchasesThis is the modern world @& Use of Englis| Gapped sentences EET For questions 1-5 below, think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. In this exercise, the words required can be found in boxes A and Bon page 102. Here is an example (0). 0 The police do not have enough evidence to__charge__ anyone with the murder: If you can be responsible for booking the flights for everyone, Ill be in_charge _ of finding us a good hotel. The bull lowered its horns and began to _charge _ towards the people in its path. 1 Icould see the horse gallopi speed towards the fence with the rider shouting for help. M, to tell about her adventures. andmother lived a life and everyone at her funeral had a different story The bill for the repairs needs to be paid in before the end of this month. 2. The only aspect of the job I dislike is having to. with customer complaints, The group finally signed a with Sony and will be launching their first album next year If you want to work ina casino, you need to be able to cards rapidly and accurately. 3 When Andrew's boss found out that he had lied on his CV, it him his job. He is the kind of person who aims to win at any and he won't help anyone else in the competition Ifwe build an airport on this land, the to the environment will be enormous 4 Ourcar'is always breaking down and it's time we bought a new one. Our profit for this year is at an alll time and we are optimistic that we will continue todo well. Afier Jack received news of his promotion, he was in spirits for the rest of the day 's constant interruptions during the meeting pushed my patience to the We __ classes to ten students so everyone can receive individual attention. Parents should set a ‘on the amount of television their children can watch. 103BED this is the modern world 104 Gapped text ©) Etyou have a computer: + how often do you use it and what for? If you don't have a computer + in what ways, if any, do you think your life would improve if you had one? 2 You are going to read an article about someone who does not have a computer, Six paragraphs have been removed from the extr . Choose from. the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. UNPLUGGED Martin Newell explains why he shuns computers and remains a devotee of ‘snail mail’. !am an Internot. That is, Ihave no desire to be ‘on the Internet. | am, of course, well aware of the Internet. Boy, arm aware of the Internet! The world is being overrun by people setting up websites, talking www.-slash-dot.coms and worrying about updating and upgrading, aS In fact, if | wanted to, | could sit in front of the computer, ordering whatever | wanted, whenever | wanted, 24 hours a day, and pay for it all electronically. But | don’t have a computer. My friends, who look upon meas a ‘technological oddity’, find it hard to believe that ! can still find work. I can't drive a car, won't fly and won't travel abroad any more. don’t even have a mobile phone. 2 Asa congenital sender and receiver of snail mail, [can only remember about two occasions twenty-odd years when a letter has gone astray, Exactly how many bits of info has your machinery swallowed this month, brave internaut? There is the access to information, ‘though. While doing some research on a fairly esoteric subject earlier this year, | was told by a friend that 37 internet pages existed upon the matter, He downloaded them for me. ae As for the actual equipment itself, computers are so unattractive and bulky. Buying a laptop can understand, because you can put it away. Butall that dreadful grey-white office junk in your living space? ea Coereeere a _| | almost upgraded to a computer once but decided that a piano would be more fun, so spent the money having one fork-lifted up into my first-floor living room. While others are getting neck-ache and headaches and running up their phone bills, 've almost figured out how to play the first few bars of ‘Return to Sender.’ Eq Tl a _| Itstrikes me, though, that the main reason the Internet exists is not as a medium for spreading the joys of music, but more for the purpose of shopping and advertising. Now | knowa little bit about shopping, because I get on my bicycle and go to the greengrocer’s every once in a while. | But perhaps by doing things in this quaint, old-fashioned way, I'm missing out on some of the financial benefits of the whole computer culture. Companies are constantly undercutting each other. Full-page newspaper ads are currently offering me the whole kit and caboodle and telling me that | can get myself connected and surfing, all for under a thousand pounds. Wow! What a bargain. | could get an electric organ fork-lifted up here for that. Seriously, though, there is, suppose, an outside chance | will be forced onto the Internet one day. By that time, however, it will have devolved into one tiny little module about the size of an answering machine, cost about fifty quid, and be instant, as well as idiot- proof for people like me.This is the modern world @ A There's also this marvellous little E While we're on the subject, | hear that alternative to buying books on the Net: we can now download our music from it’s called my local bookshop. It has human the Net. I have only recently completed beings working in it. Whenever | want a the costly operation of replacing my vinyl particular book, | just walk down there or record collection with CDs, | hope this does telephone them, and they find it for me. not mean that these, too, will soon be Within a day or two | always have it. obsolete. B The information was largely superficial F — My ownword-processor, with VDU, and in one or two cases, written by keyboard and printer all in one unit, is someone who | suspect was not entirely of much more compact. It can be quickly this planet. In the end | went to the local shoved in the cupboard when I'm not reference library, where a reassuringly using it. In fact, even this is too ugly for me stern librarian plonked a huge pile of so | glued a piece of tapestry on the space books on the table in front of me and said: between the keyboard and the screen to ‘That should be a start.’ I had everything | make it look more homely. needed within an hour. G — ‘Buthow will we get hold of you?’ © thas notescaped my attention that you people ask, in a tone | usually associate can buy and sell houses on the Internet. with anguished parents pleading with a You can book holidays, buy a pool-table runaway daughter calling from a phone- and, so | heat, even get a divorce on the box. Well, you can telephone me. Or fax Internet. Were my dog to fall seriously ill, me. Or you could try writing mea letter. could even consult a vet on the Internet. Or maybe he's called the Intervet. D Friends like these will spend hours, days even, in front of their ugly state-of-the-art computers. As they listen to music being broadcast online from all four corners of the globe, they are subjected toa constant bombardment of advertisements encouraging them to buy, buy, buy. Well, bye bye, friends. © Reacting to the text Do you agree with the writer's stance? Why/Why not? Which of the following are best done with a computer and which in the ‘quaint, old-fashioned way’? Give reasons for your opinions. consulting reference works shopping writing lette booking holidays photographs playing games ‘By that time, however, it will have devolved into one tiny little module about the size of an answering machine...’ How do you think computers will develop in the future?EEWD this is the modern world Vocabulary 2 Verbs formed with up, down, over and under Up, down, over and under can be Examples: used to form a number of verbs. The world is being overrun by people ... worrying about updating and upgrading. We can now download our music from the Net Companies are constantly undercutting each other. ‘Complete each of the gaps with the correct form of one of the verbs in the box. uproot downplay uphold overt downsize hrow undergo overrule overhear undertake We clo: The 4 ‘The op The anc to em of for ‘The two leaders the seriousness of the problem, suggest During the war, thousands of children were Example: sed the door to prevent anyone overhearing our rsation. 1e military government was bya popular ing and democratic elections were held. .¢ American-based company has been erations, leading to the closure of a number of factories. 1¢ Court of Appeal had been expected to the judge's decision, instead of which it was _ \d Jenkins had to serve out his sentence. to find a peaceful solution the crisis and arranged to meet again. ‘The 28-year-old actress is rumoured to have nergency surgery, although doctors are ig she will be out hospital soon. reed to leave family, home and school. Language focus 2: Modal verbs Will, shall and would The following examples from the reading text on pages 104 and 105 show three different uses of willlwon’t. Habit Friends like these will spend hours, days even, infront oftheir Ugly state-of the-art computers. Refusal |..won't fly and won't travel abroad any more Prediction Theres, | suppose, an outside chance | wil be forced onto the Internet one day. The sentences in 1-6 all contain the modal verbs will, shall or would. Match each pair to the idea they both express. Assumption Habit Request for advicefinstructions. Willingness Refusal Annoying behaviour Offer 106 Example: 0 Ilset itup for you if you like, I's the same as the one | use at work. Shall I show you how to draw graphs on it? Offer 1. tt won't start— think the battery's flat. | asked him to park it somewhere else, but he wouldn't moveit. 2 {wish he would turn it down, We can watch the match on the balcony if you'll ust help me take it out there. 3 It would keep her amused on long car journeys — but we insisted she have the sound off, He'll play with it all morning his eyes glued tothe tiny screen, 4 That'll be Mike, Don’t answer it! They'll have got there by now. Give it to me | know their number. 5 Hewill kep forgetting to tun itoft.t gets so hot in the kitchen! It would go wrong now, wouldn't it Just as | put the meat into ast 6 There's no more room in it. Where shall | put the chicken? Shall | defrost it now or when we come back?This is the modern world 3 What do you think it might refer to in each pair of sentences 4 a Think of three domestic appliances, machines or other in 1-6 above? electronic devices and write two sentences for each, without mentioning the name of the object. Each sentence Ne should include one of the above uses of ether wil, shall ‘or would. @©D 2021 more about the modal verbs will, shall and r1On would on page 222 of the Grammar reference. rey eee tell you the idea expressed by the modal verbs. Writing: Reports CLT Cc How useful do you think computers are for language learning? What other technological ai important are they? are used in language learning? How Look at the following page from a college website. Would you make use ofa Multimedia Centre like this? oO Fe Ven, oe Go Fees Six Fowad Sop Home Refresh I eee | | Ta a | Multimedia Centre: . | supplementary Grammar, Vocabulary, Reading and Listening exercises ‘0 suit your level tne services include: ener ats nome and ejy he test Engi ngung nein oral veson OO a ae errake Itenng th supplementary Dr allel of Er louse at altnes om asst al FP an ena to Fay Gam Soman Satay 0am ~ 16mThis is the modern world Read the following Part | task and discuss with your partner possible suggestions for improvements to Highford Academy's multimedia centre, You help out in the multimedia centre at a language school called Highford Academy The school’s director has asked you to write a report on the centre with a view to making improvements. .ct from the director's email and the comments written by students, and write a report for the director incorporating students’ opinions and mak tions for improvements. Lexpectby now you will have received some answers to the questionnaire you asked users of the centre to complete. Lie the DVD torary, but most of the Ams would therefore be grateful if you could are Armerizcin, write a report summarizing what they say the centre and suggesting ways in which t E could be improved. TOO Hoty 400 crowded, 400 noisy! ‘Many thanks for your help. You can’t always get o 00 a computar Regards = Some people ‘pane hours wan tiny emaits. Alan Shields Some excellent listening material — the CD players are to ba me ® ist possible suggestions for improvements, based on your discussion in exercise 3, ‘+ Decide on the appropriate register. ‘© Look again at the sections on writing reports in Unit 3. ‘Refer tothe Useful language section on page 201 of Ready for Writing.Multiple matching This is the modern world @ 1 >) How far do you agree with each of the statements A-H in Task One below? Consider the future fifteen years from now when giving your opinions. 2 GQ) 131-135 You will hear five short racts in which different people are ing what life will be like in fifteen ime. While you listen you must complete both tasks. TASK ONE For questions 1-5, choose from the list A-H the prediction each speaker makes. Don't forget! * Concentrate mainly, but not exclusively. on Task One the first time you listen ‘+ The second time you listen, give more attention 10 Task Two. TASKTWO, For questions 6-10, choose from the list A-H the feeling aroused in each speaker by the ‘We will live longer. Houses will be smaller. Life in the workplace will be very different. There will be more technology in the home. — There will be too many people. Technology will be smaller. We will lead healthier lives. ro7rmoonae There will be lass traffic congestion. future they predict. ‘A amusement 7 B_ annoyance : © worry 7 D_ nostalgia = E amazement 7 F enthusiasm 7 G distrust H_ indifference 10 3 © Whatare your own feelings about the future? How optimistic are you? Language focus 3: Talking about the future Both will and going to can be used when making predictions. Examples: It's going to change the way they do things here completely. Life in the workplace will be very different. 1. Inthe following sentence from the listening, which of the verb forms in italics refers to: an activity that will be in progress ata certain time in the future? bb anevent that willbe finished before a certain time inthe future? Of course, Il have left long before then, and J probably be enjoying a long, and healthy retirement somewhere. 2 For each pair of sentences 1-8, decide ifthe meaning is similar (S) or different ().f the mening is different, explain what is meant by each sentence. 1. hope she passes. lexpect she'll pass. 2. We're going to meet at seven. We'te meeting at seven 3 Willyou come to the show on Friday? Will ou be coming to the show on Friday? 4 Theparcel should arrive tomorrow. The parcel might arrive tomorrow. 5 The Brighton train is due to leave at 6.20. ‘The Brighton train leaves at 6.20. 6 I'm about to lose my temper. ''m on the point of losing my temper 7. She's bound to get the job She's likely to get the job. 8 He's confident of success. He's assured of success. 9 They're thinking of getting married. ‘They're planning on getting marred. 10 The Government isto spend £45 million on health care. ‘The Government is expected to spend £45 milion on health care. ED Lead more about ways of talking about the future on pages 222 and 223 of the Grammar reference. 3. Write five true sentences using different structures from exercises 1 and 2. 4 >) Discuss your sentences with your partner. 109Determiners and pronouns For 1-10, complete each of the gaps with a word from the 4 Ittook us a good hours to dive to Leeds box. You do not need to use all the words. 5 Iwas very tired, but there seemed point in going to bed until the storm had passed. litle few other others another 6 have to go to the dentist's three times a year, about once much mary all either neither ______ four months. both each every any 7 Vegot two brothers and_of usis different in some way. 1. I've nearly finished it~ just need couple of 8 Where have you been this time? We've been weeks, worried sick! 2. My computer class is every day: Monday, 9 Youcanpayas__as £20,000 for a mobile Wednesday and Friday, phone number. 3. This is my favourite cheese, but there are one or two 10 Has ‘of you two got a pen you could lend ‘really ike as well me? Use of Englisi Key word transformations 110 For questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. Use between three and six words, including the word given. Jake used his month's free membership really well by going to the gym every single day. MOST Jake his month's free membership by going to the gym every single day. ‘The Japanese are the best at making pocket-sized technology. SECOND The Japanese when it comes to making pocket-sized technology. To reduce the amount of traffic, the government is proposing that drivers should only use their cars on alternate days. OTHER To reduce the amount of traffic, the government is proposing that cars should only day. Each and every one of our employees has contributed to the great success of our company. SINGLE ‘The great success of our company is due to the contribution our employees. Can we please stay on one channel when we're watching TV? KEEP Lwish you the channel when we're watching TV. During our summers at the beach, we often used to compete with each other to see who could collect the most shells. WOULD During our summers at the beach, we __ another to see who could collect the most shells. 15 likely they were delayed in a traffic jam. PROBABLY They will up ina traffic jam. The company does not intend to create any redundancies amongst employees even though profits are down. NO Even though profits are down, the company__any of their employees redundant.This is the modern world @ Use of English: -) Multiple-choice cloze aan For questions 1-12, read the text and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0), GADGETS FOR THE FUTURE This year’s Future Product of the Year Award has attracted a number of unusual entries, including the Inculpable Mousetrap and an alarm-clock duvet and pillow. Stuart Penny and Gianni Tozzi, both 29, (0) __ the Inculpable Mousetrap as an ‘exercise in morality’ and accept itis unlikely to (1) __ commercial success. You (2) __ the trap, wander off to the pub and wait to see what happens. If a mouse approaches the trap, a transmitter (3) to it sends a signal to your mobile phone. You are then (4) __ to decide whether to activate the trap or not. You send back your answer as a text message and the trap's metal bar slams down or (§)__ open accordingly. Rachel Wingfield’s alarm-clock duvet and pillow could (6) __ the end for alarm clocks. They use Pulsating light beams to wake sleepers and can be used individually or together. The sleeper (7) __ Programmes the alarm clock on their mobile phone, plugs it into a socket on the duvet or pillow and is woken at the correct time — with light. The whole effect is (8) __ to replicate the break of (9) __. The duvet and pillow are woven through with electro-luminescent cords. At the (10) __ time the mobile phone sends a tiny electric current through them and they begin to glow. Rachel, 24, says: ‘Alarm clocks needlessly wake (11) __ households. | wanted to design something (12) __ at the individual sleeper’ © A projected B held € conceived —_D evaluated 1A favour B enjoy € appreciate support 2 A fix B put C set D shut 3 A enclosed B attached € collated D united 4 A offered B asked € urged D let 5 A stays B holds € resis D lasts 6 Asay B speak € write D spell 7 A uniquely B simply C plainly D purely 8 A pretended B assumed € supposed suggested 9 A light B sunrise © dawn D fast 10 A said B stated € announced —_D specified 11 A full B total © whole D high 12 A intended B targeted € planned D thought 111©) Have you ever been on holiday alone? If so, what was it like What are the advantages and disadvantages of a holiday spent on your own? You are going to read an article about people going on holiday alone. For questions 1-15, choose from the people A-E. The people may be chosen more than once. When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order Which person/people. started a relationship during the holiday? cigs 2a did not enjoy everyones company? ss has higher expectations of a holiday than he/she used to? sae hhad never felt the need to travel? ee enjoyed everyone’s company? Gate benefited from someone else's misfortune? eines intends to have the same type of holiday again? gusts liked the fact there was a mix of different people? Agee gave up his/her job to travel? sb ba set out to do something before someone else? sues enjoyed the hard work involved? ice did not enjoy his/her first experience of holidaying alone? 14s particularly appreciated the variety offered by the holidayA Dominic I'd never been away by myself had any urge to see the world but 'd begun to think there mi be more tolife than working all week and going out at the weekends. So I handed in my notice and went abroad, | started by taking a three-month overland ‘rip from Kenya to South Africa in a truck with twenty other people. It was tough at times, but that was part of the fun of it all, Everyone had to muck in and do their bit. ifyou were on cooking duty, you might have to get up at 4.30 am, and there were times when you'd have to dig the truck out of the mud. The other great thing about ‘the trip was Cassandra, We took to each other straightaway and were a couple after a week or ‘two. We didn't let it disrupt the dynamics of the group, though. Bim A year after | was widowed I went on my own to Tenerife to a hotel ‘that my wife and I had always enjoyed. |seemed to be the only single person there, surrounded by loving couples, and | couldn't wait to get home, ‘Then last year, some friends suggested I go on a singles holiday with a specialist tour operator to Turkey. | wasn't sure at first, but it ‘turned out to be a great idea, The group really gelled, and we all got GOING IT ALONE ‘a house on fire. Although body went on the holiday looking for romance, a couple of relationships started. We did some sightseeing, went to nightclubs and organized nights in at the hotel. I've already got myself a copy of the company’s brochure for this year it’s just a question of where and when. After all, my sons are both grown up, so I don’t have to worry about them any more. C Hélene 'd just split up with a man whose ambition had always been to get to the top of the 7,000-metre. Mount Aconcague in South America. Some months later | booked myself onto an expedition to do the climb myself. | just wanted to beat him to it, | guess. It’s a three-week expedition because you need to acclimatize, so there was quite a bit of time to get to know the other people. Everyone had come independently: two young guys aged 21 and 23, a man of 64 and ‘a woman of 64, who | took an instant dislike to. She tired very quickly and didn’t make it past. second camp, which was a relief and meant I had a tent to myselt, ‘Then some of the others began to experience altitude sickness Atthe final camp the younger men pulled out and I went on with Barry, the older man. In the end we made it and came down toa very emotional reunion with the others, D Alex Uhadn’t had a holiday in three years and realized I needed to get away, 501 booked a trip last Easter toJordan. There were about sixteen people in the group, with @ mix of singles, couples and a © Reacting to the text Rank the five holidays in order of preference, assuming that you had to go alone. Then explain your list to your partner. Going places @ few friends who'd come along together | certainly wasn’t looking for a girlfriend —|just needed a break from work ~ but | hit it off with someone else in the group and we're still seeing each other. ‘These types of holidays are alll about interacting with others, and the great thing is that you meet people from a variety of backgrounds and walks of life. The trip itself combined culture, relaxation and travelling, which suited most people, but I think ‘next year I'll go for a higher Proportion of relaxation, E Miti Ten years ago, | went around ‘the world with a backpack and | got a real buzz out of travelling alone. | found that if you were single you could easily tag along with another group and strike up conversations, even friendships, with people. Since then, it's not been so easy. Ino longer want to rough it - | work hard and | think | deserve a bit of pampering, but ‘on most beach holidays you're surrounded by couples. You're just glad you've brought along a good pile of books. Last year, though, I went to LaSource in Grenada, which combines sports, spa, good food and relaxation - and it was the best holiday of my life. The great thing about LaSource is that you ‘an spend all day just lying by the pool and getting facials and ‘manicures, or you can go off on boat trips or explore the beautiful island, There were plenty of couples there, but they tended to split up and do their own thing as individuals during the day, soit was easier to get to know them. | came back feeling fantastic, and, although I'm in a fairly steady relationship now, Ican‘t wait to ‘go back. 113BED Going places Vocabulary 1: Doing things alone 1 Complete each of the gaps with an adjective from the box. single-handed self-reliant self-made solitary 1 Atone time Bill Gates was the youngest billionaire in history. 2. 15-yearold Seb Clover is the youngest person to sail across the Atlantic 3 The job taught me to be to make decisions by myself without depending on others. 4 Hewasashy,____ man, who preferred the company of his cat to that of people. 2. Cross out the preposition that does not collocate with the words in bold. 1 Confident that I was capable of fending with/for myself, my parents went away for the weekend, leaving me tofwith my own devices. I had the whole house at/to myself for the first time, and I could do whatever I wanted! What would you have done in this situation? 2. Asa child her parents encouraged her to think for/by herself rather than depend on them to make her decisions, She's clearly got a mind offon her own now and will always do whatever she thinks is best. How good are you at making your own decisions? 3 He was always a bit of a loner at school, keeping himself very much to/with himself, Even now he seems to prefer to be on/by his own most of the time. Do you prefer your own company to that of others? 3 ©) Answer each of the questions in italics in exercise 2 4 ©) Under what circumstances, if any, do you prefer to do each of the following alone? gotothecinema — listento music go shopping watch television go forawalk eat Sentence completion ©) do you and your family usually go on package holidays, or do you prefer to organize your own? Give reasons. 2 Q) 1.36 You will hear a radio programme about the travel pioneer, Thomas Cook. For questions 1-8, complete the sentences. For his second job, Thomas Cook worked as a 1]. At the age of 20 he became a Bible-reader and a [2]. Thomas Cook had the idea of using the{ _ 3 to help promote temperance. In 1841 he organized a trip to attend a temperance [4]in Loughborough Four years later Thomas Cook arranged the first |_ 5 He later organized European holidays for English travellers from the [ 6]. He provided travellers with an early version of [7} In the 1880s Thomas Cook was in charge of | 8 |and military transport, both at home and in Egypt. - ° [-] uu “a Loy £ ° » = Ay EY ar x 8 Ey 114Going places & 3) ©) Thomas Cook saw tourism as a way of providing opportunities for people to enrich themselves culturally and morally. To what extent do you think modern-day tourism achieves this? We speak of hordes of tourists, armies of tourists and tourist invasions. How fi What benefits can tourism bring? this? What is the future of tourism in your country? How will people be spending their holidays in fifteen years from now? Language focus: Creating emphasis Q) 1.37 Listen to these three extracts from the listening ‘and write the missing words in each gap. a What many people don’t know about Thomas Cook, though, is that . b ttwas that led him to become a ‘member ofthe Temperance Society ¢ it______thathe actually thought about making a profit from his idea, ‘The words you wrote in exercise 1 are given emphasis by the use of What and It Sentence a without emphasis would be as follows Many people don’t know that Thomas Cook was a very religious man. Now rewrite sentences b and c without emphasis. Here are some other ways of creating emphasis. Complete each of the explanations by writing one item from the box in each gap, noun —amoment in time an action or series of actions a prepositional phrase ‘the only thing tha a Whatcan be used to emphasize; Examples: J couldn't find my key so What did was (to) try and climb in through the window, but. what happened was (that) 2 passer-by saw me and phoned the police. or i Example: What need isa cup of strong, black coffee. b Allcan beused instead of What, meaning; Examples: Don‘t make a fuss. All did was (to) spill some milk. He's so boring. All he (ever) talks about is football. €Itcan be used to emphasize Example: twas in France, not their native England, that they first became famous. or with when to emphasize Example: Itwas only when | got home that | realized someone had stolen my wallet. Transform the following, emphasizing the part ofthe sentence which has been underlined. There is an example atthe beginning (0. Example: 0 [ind it amazing that he can‘t even fry an egg. What | find amazing ie that he can’t even fry an ega, 1. How olds she? That’s what I'd like to know. What 2 He lost his job, so he started up his own business, He lost his job, so what he 3 What | enjoyed mast about the film was the music. It 4 They got married in June, not July. It 5 I didn’t recognize him until he took his hat off Itwas only 6 ‘only found out she'd moved when spoke to Jerry. Wtwasn’t 7 I don’t know what that noise is. | just switched it on, that's all. | don’t know what that noise is. AML 8 He thinks about his precious car and not All igelse €©D Peas more about creating emphasis on page 223 of the Grammar reference, Complete each ofthe following sentences so that they are ‘rue for you. What worries me is.. What like mostileast about school/my jobs. What like to know about... is... Itwasin... that... | didn’t enjoy... lessons at school. All we ever did was. ©) Compare and discuss your sentences with another student. 115MEW Going places Contributions: guidebook entry ea 2 Read the following extract from a brochure on Edinbt ©) Do you enjoy visiting cities on holiday? Why/Why not? fh. Which of the places would you be most tempted to visit? Give reasons DINBURGH HE BEATEN STRACK ‘Wander away from the city centre in any direction and you'll s00n find yourself in another world of countryside and coastline, villages and hills —a region of endless variety, making the world of difference to Edinburgh as a quite unique holiday destination, Dean’ Enter tranquil Dean Vilage from the New Town by steep Bells Brae, and the bustle of city life is immediately left behind, "Nesting contented inthe valley of the Water of Leith, this former miling community is row a popular residential area, From here,a leaty riverside walkway takes you into colourful Stockbridge. well nown as a centre for antiques. Cramond ‘Cramond lies at the mouth of the River Almond. In summer; adaily ferry links ths vilage of whitewashed cottages with Dalmeny Woods, an iylic spot for a pinie. Stroll along the promenade towards Siiverknowes or. when the tide is "ight, take the rocky causeway out to Cramond Island for spectacular views of the Forth Bridges in the distance. Follow the path upstream ofthe river and you'll come across the ‘overgrown ruins of old water mill. Further evidence of the village’ long and eventful past can be seen in the remains of Roman fortifications in the grounds of Cramond Parish Church, 20 Portobello Portobello takes its name from Puerto Bello in Panama, ‘captured in the year this pleasant seaside resort was founded, 1739.This suburb of the city boasts afine swimming complex. ‘with two pools and Turkish baths. There are two miles of {olden sands to enjoy in the invigorating sea air against an ‘evocative background of typical Georgian andVictorian resort architecture, 2 30 George Square Within easy walling cstance ofthe city centre, George Square is at the heart of the University of Edinburgh, A traditional meeting place for the eit’ student population, this peaceful garden oasis of manicured lawns and colourfl blooms invites all to linger awhile and enjoy a few precious "moments away from the hustle and bustle of everyday Ie 3 116 a 4 50 Holyrood Park No trip to Edinburgh would be complece without a walle in the magnificene parkland that is Holyrood Park.A network of paths ranging from the gently sloping to the steep and craggy cut across the Park in every direction leading the most energetic to the windswept summit of Arthur's Seat with its superb views, Morningside and Braid Hills ‘The lively residential suburb of Morningside lies inthe shadow ‘of the magnificent Braid Hill acquired by the town council for use as a public golf course-The area of unspoilt countryside linking the Braid Hills with Blackford Mill isthe Hermitage (of Braid.a peaceful wooded public walk along the valley of Braid.At 539 feet, Blackford Hill tovnrs over Southern Edinburgh, its tracks and tails offering breathcaking views and ‘unusual perspectives of Edinburgh and the Castle. The Royal Observatory {open to the public) sits in splendour atthe top. For further information on these areas contact the Edinburgh and Lothians Tourist BoardGoing places @€ 3° The extract contains a number of expressions which are typical of tourist brochures. Use the nouns in the box to complete each of the expressions 1-10 as they were used in the extract. Complete as many as possible from memory before checking your answers in the extract. There is an example at the beginning (0). life picnic air distance aariety walkway countryside past views. sands. destination aregion of endless variety a quite unique holiday a leafy riverside an idyllic spot for a spectacular the village's long and eventful two miles of golden. the invigorating sea within easy walking the hustle and bustle of everyday an area of unspoilt Seersausuneo 4 Cover up the words on the right in exercise 3. How many can you remember now? 5 Underline any more words and expressions in the text which you feel might be useful when writing entries to other tourist brochures. 6 Read the following Part 2 task. A guidebook is being produced in English for foreign visitors to your area, and you have been asked to write an entry for the section entitled ‘Off the Beaten Track’. This section will include information about three places which are away from any city centre and not often visited by foreign tourists. You should: * describe the places, saying why they will appeal to visitors. mention the kind of things they can expect to see and do there. + include any historical information, if appropriate. Peo Now write your contributions to the Pyiesit guidebook. You should Pe a bere ta ‘half the lenath of the Settee etn om hero 117MEDD Going places tening 2; CTT Multiple choice 1 ©) Read the dictionary definitions and the newspaper headlines, Why do you think people become so aggressive in cars and aeroplanes? Have you witnessed or read about any examples of road and air rage? air rage n (U] an airline passenger's road rage » [U] the unconrrolled anger verbal or physical assault of crew ofa motorist incited by the actions of members or other passengers another driver and expressed in aggressive or violent behaviour Driver accused of ‘road rage’ shooting Passenger faces two-year jail sentence for headbutting steward 2 QV 138 Youwill heara radio interview with a road safety expert on the topic of road rage. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear: 1. James says that drivers become angry if A they think they will be delayed. B other drivers threaten them. € other people don't drive as well as they do. D they lose control of their car. 2. Revenge rage can lead motorists to A chase after dangerous drivers. B become distracted whilst driving. € deliberately damage another car, D take unnecessary risks. 3 Most ‘revenge ragers’are A young male drivers. B drivers of large vehicles. © inexperienced drivers. D people who drive little. 4 James A slow. B expensive. C crowded. D uncomfortable. ws that passengers become angry when buses are 5 What, according to James, does the experiment with grass show? A. People living in country areas are better drivers. B Strong smells help us drive more safely. C Oursurroundings can affect the way we drive. D Regular breaks on a journey keep drivers calm. 6 James thinks the hi-tech car A. sounds less irritating than a passenger. B isnot very reliable. € could cause further anger D would be difficult to control. 3 ©) Doyou have any suggestions for keeping calm in the car? Does the public transport system in your area provide a viable alternative to the car? How might the problem of traffic congestion in cities be solved? 118g places & Vocabulary 2: Anger 1. The following expressions were used in the listening to talk about peopl ting angry. Which two are more informal? lose one’s temper blowafuse get workedup _ become irate 2 Complete each of the gaps with an adjective from the box. The words in bold are common collocates of the adjectives seething cross heated— berserk irate 1 They hada rather argument about hunting, each with very different views on the topic. 2. The waitress was attempting to calm an extremely ‘customer who was complaining loudly about his bill 3 Mummy’sa little bit with you, Peter. You know you shouldn't tell lies. 4. Her face showed no emotion, but inwardly she was absolutely with anger and indignation. 5. He went completely , shaking his fist at me and screaming blue murder: 3. Complete each of the gaps with a noun from the box. outburst rage steam =— tantrum —_ top Twas furious; I had to go fora long walk to let off. If'she doesn't get what she wants, screaming her head off. 1 My dad would blow hi if he found out I'd been smoking. 2. When I refused his request, he flew into a and stormed out of my office. 3 Iwas taken aback by her sudden _ of temper. 4 she throws a stamping her feet and 4 ©) Whatsort of things make you angry? = <—————_- What do you do when you lose your temper? What do you do to calm down? = = 119HED Going places Speaking: Long turn ci 120 Look at these pictures. They show people who are angry for various reasons. Student A: Compare two of the pictures, and say what might have happened to make these people angry and what might happen next, Student B: CTE esuk ae ‘© One student speaks for a minute about ‘wo pictures from a set of three, The other student has about 30 seconds to answer ‘an additional question on the same set of pictures. ‘Both students are then given a second set, Of pictures and the roles are reversed When your partner has finished talking about the pictures, say which of those situations is the most unpleasant for the person on the receiving end of the anger. Now change roles. Follow the instructions again using the remaining pictures, Before you do the task, complete the exercises at the top of page 121 ‘+ What might have happened to make these people angry? © What might happen next? cel cea ;Useful language For each picture, decide which of the words and expressions from the Vocabulary section on page 119 you could use when talking about it. Complete each of the gaps with one of the pairs of words in the box. There is an. example at the beginning (0). Jooksas looks like may well seems quite verylikely fairchance might have 0 She seems quite cross. 1 He been put in the wrong room. 2 Shessiedien hall have done something dangerous. 3 He ifhe's about to burst into tears. 4 Theresa they'll come to blows. 5 Theyre to go their own separate ways. 6 tt ‘an example of road rage. Word formation: Alternatives from the same prompt word In these two extracts from the listening on page 118, the underlined adverbs are both formed from the same root, consider. On country roads there is considerably less traffic. It also praises them when they are driving considerately, Which other noun, apart from the one underlined, can be formed from the word in capitals? -asuggestions as io how we can maintain our composure inthe car COMPOSE Underline the appropriate alternative in the following sentences. Each alternative is formed from the same prompt word given in capitals at the end of the sentence. Pay attention to the words in bold; these words are collocates of the correct alternative. Example: First prize is the not inconsiderate/inconsiderable sum of £500,000. CONSIDER 1 ‘The Lord of the Rings’ is timeless/an untimely classic, as fresh TIME today as it was when it was first published 2. Igrew up in England but Spain has become my adopted/adoptive. ADOPT country. 3. Appearances can be very deceitful/deceptive. DECEIVE 4 He produced a wealth of supporting/supportive evidence to SUPPORT substantiate his claim. 5. There has been an appreciative/appreciable increase in global APPRECIATE temperatures over the last two decades. 6 Police have refused to reveal the identification/identity of the IDENTIFY man detained in connection with the murder. 7. The appointment with my GP was at 8.30, but it wasn't until 9.15 that I was finally shown into her consulting/consultative room. CONSULT 8 The Macmillan English Dictionary for advanced learners contains over 100,000 enirances/entries. ENTER 9 Millions of innocent civilians suffered great hardness/hardship as HARD. a result of the war. 10 He's retired and now works for the company in an advisory/advisable capacity. ADVISE 11 The gardens contain a wealth of plants and flowers of every imaginary/imaginablefimaginative colour. IMAGINE 12. My two brothers, Pat and Eric, were both given heavy prison sentences for their respectable/respective/respecifitl erimes. RESPECT 121 g places @&122 Review -n in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0), ANGER all felt anger at some time, whether as faint (0) annoyance or blind rage. ANNOY Anger is a normal, sometimes useful human emotion, but uncontrolled outbursts of temper can be (1) “People who give free rein fo their anger, DESTROY (2) of he offence this may cause, haven't learned to express themselves REGARD constructively,’ says Martin Smolik, who runs weekend (3) ‘courses in RESIDENCE ‘anger management. ‘Itis important fo maintain your (4) ‘ond put your COMPOSE case in an assertive, not aggressive, manner without hurting others. Being assertive doesn't mean being pushy or demanding; it means being (5) of yourself RESPECT cand other people.’ He adds that people who are (6) ‘angered are EASY intolerant of frustration, (7) oF iritation and, not surprisingly, find CONVENIENT (8) to other people very difficult. But what causes people to behove like RELATE this? It seems there is evidence to support the idea that some children may be born (9) _____and prone to anger and this tendency is sometimes apparent from a IRRITATE very early age. However, research also suggests that a person’s family (10) (GROUND may have an influence. Very offen, people who are quicktempered come from disorganized and disruptive families who find it difficult to express their emotions. Vocabulary 1 InAand B, form expressions by matching each of the verbs 1-6 with an appropriate ending a-f. The first one has been done for vou. AuaUNaD 2. Complete sentences 1-5 u Anger B Doing things alone lose a offsteam 1 do. a italone fly \? atantrum 2 fend —b yourown thing let © your temper 3 leave ¢ yourself to yourself throw berserk 4 keep d. amind of yourown blow e intoarage 5 have you to your own devices go F afuse 6 g0 £ foryourselF ig the expressions in exercise 1. You may need to change some of the words. o we wee Those who do not wish to come on this afternoon's excursion are quite welcome to go offand _do their own thing . Thave a large cushion at work, which I punch every time I need to. : Because of old age and ill health she could no longer____ and she had to go into a nursing home. AIL [did was ask him how old he was and he. absolutely don't know him very well; he's very quiet and he : Rather like a small child who , she will scream, shout and stamp her feet to get what she wants.Going places @E Gapped sentences 7 For questions 1-5, think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. Here is an example (0). 0 Isharea flat with two friends but we all do our _own __ cooking. My grandfather used to_own __a cat called Charlie that hissed at every visitor to the house. When Mrs Brindle demanded to know who'd broken the window, none of the students would__own up, 1 We went on a coach tour and visited several local beauty ‘The day after the injection she came out in and had to go back to the doctor’. As soon as she another dog, Molly starts barking and pulling at the lead, 2. All members of the History Society have free to over 200 castles and monuments throughout the country. The closing date for the competition is Friday May 8th and the winning will be published in the July issue of The Traveller. Each dictionary contains detailed information about the etymology, or origins, of the word. 3. Thetelevision company in close collaboration with teachers to devise the series of educational programmes. My sister gets up if [borrow her clothes without asking her first. ‘The modem perfectly the first time I tried it, but it's not showing any signs of life now. 4 Many workers the changes with suspicion and fear that redundancies will follow. ‘They watched the plane take off and gradually disappear from We had a breathtaking of the mountains from our hotel room. 5. The researchers interviewed a wide section of society for the survey. Theard that in some countries it’s considered rude to your legs when other people are present. Tget very with her when she tells lies. 123Ready for 124 Listening Introduction Paper 4 lasts approximately 40 minutes and contains four parts. In all four parts the recordings are heard twice. At the end of Paper 4 you will have five minutes to transfer your answers onto the separate answer sheet. Each correct answer is awarded one mark. Part 1: Multiple choice In Part 1 you will hear three short extracts from conversations between two or more people. The recordings, which are all on different themes, may be taken, for example, from radio broadcasts, interviews or discussions, There are two multiple-choice questions for each extract. You will hear the same extract twice before moving on to the next one, @©> 21-23 You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to what you hear. Extract One You hear part of an interview witha lecturer in journalism talking about the issue of global warming 1 Why does the lecturer compare articles on war with articles on global warming? A to show that journalism is not truly objective B toemphasize that global warming has dangerous consequences € tosuggest that public protest is growing 2 The lecturer says that people will do less harm to the environment when A reporters and writers present accurate information. B they see how they can personally benefit from it. C the government passes laws to make them. Extract Two You hear part ofan interview with Andy Marsden, the owner of a chocolate manufacturing company and shop. 3 What made Andy decide to buy Kiss Chocolates? A. He had once been employed there. B His wife and the owner were old friends. € He thought it would provide a safe future. 4 What does Andy like most about working at Kiss Chocolates? A testing the chocolates B dealing with customers © makinga steady profit Extract Three You hear two people on a book review programme talking about a book called The Children of Hurin. 5. The two speakers agree that The Children of Hurin A ishard to put down, B hasa sad feel toiit. € ends ina surprising way. 6 What slight criticism does the man make about the book? A Itcontains different styles of writing. B The characters are not complex enough. € The themes may not appeal to modern readers. Check your answers by looking at the listening script on pages 233 and 234, Underline the part or parts of each extract which indicate the correct answer.Ready for Listening Part 2: Sentence completion 1 In Part 2 you will heara monologue lasting approximately three minutes. The recording will be taken from one of a possible number of sources including radio broadcasts, speeches, talks, lectures, anecdotes and announcements. There are eight questions testing your understanding of specific information and people's opinions. You are required to complete sentences with numbers, single words or short phrases, usually of no more than three words. 2 ©) 24 You will hear part of talk by Amanda Tyler, who is a waxwork sculptor, For questions 1-8, complete the sentences. YET SSMS cs SMC) ‘* For Part 2 tasks you have 45 seconds to read the questions. Use this time to think about the kind of information you might hear and the language structure you might need to complete each question, €g | A noun wil be needed here, possibly preceded by an adjective. c will probably be 2 part of the building, but the preposition ‘in’ can’t be followed by ‘fist floor, ‘second floor, etc. ‘+ Forsome of the questions you will hear distractors, words which might at frst seem relevant, but ‘which do not complete the questions correctly. For question 2, for example, you will hear Amanda mention two courses she took. Only one of these, however, isa degree course; the other is a distractor. ‘As you read each question, underline key words to helo you focus on the exact information required, The first two have been done for you. WAXWORK SCULPTOR Amanda's studio is situated in the [ See eh eemecs ied] 2 She particularly enjoys the part of her job which requires her to 3] ofa subject. She uses the clay model of a famous television Ao explain how a waxwork figure is made. The frame of a figure consists of wire netting and rods made out of f : Ee ‘The figure Amanda is currently working on will be in a characteristic [6] position. ——— [i] 0 complet ei 7 ~PaJana he make-up artist applies a combina’ cosmetics to colour the wax head. waxwork figure, 3 On page 207 you will find one student's answers to the listening task above together with relevant advice about what to do and what not to do, Did you make any similar mistakes?Ready for Listening 126 Part 3: Multiple choice 1 Part 3 consists of a conversation between two or more speakers lasting approximately four minutes. There are six multiple-choice questions, mostly testing your understanding of the attitudes and opinions of the speakers. The questions follow the same order as the corresponding information in the recording. Wikia sack ‘© For Part 3 tasks you have one minute to read through the questions, ‘© Aswith the other Parts of Paper 4, you will hear words and ideas wich ay cause you to choose the wrong answer. 2. You will hear an interview with Sandra Peyton and David Sadler, who work as partners In the media company, Advert Eyes, making TV commercials. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. 3. Before you answer questions 1-6, here is an example (0). Read the question and the shaded section of the recording on page 234, Decide on the correct answer, underlining the part or parts of the text which justify your choice 0 Why did Sandra leave her job A’ She was unhappy with the salai B She felt she was too old for the job. € She predicted she might lose her job. D She did not get on with her colleagues. the satellite TV company? 4 With your partner, explain with reference to the text why the other options are wrong. @) 25 Now read questions 1-6, Then listen to the recording and choose the correct answers. 1 What did David learn from his time with 4 How did Sandra feel when she was ‘Trenton TV? A the need to work as part of a team B the importance of having a positive outlook € the advantages of working under pressure D the need to question existing practices 2 What impressed Sandra about David when they first met? A his experience B his appearance C his future plans D hisenthusiasm 3. What made David accept Sandra’s proposal to go into partnership? A. He had always enjoyed taking B He felt they hada similar way of thinking. € She had relevant directing experience. D She was familiar with the business world. procedure as in exercises 3 and 4 above. having problems raising money for the business? ‘A puzzled B depressed © angry D worried What does David consider to be a drawback of directing TV commercials? A He does not achieve enough recognition for his work. B He does not have enough control over content. € Money has too great an influence on the process. D Many clients have unrealistic expectations What do Sandra and David say about the future of their company? A. They would prefer to keep their plans asecret. B Theiraim is to expand at some time in the future. € They are unsure how the company will develop. D They hope to move into other areas of directing. 6 Look at the listening script on pages 234 and 235 and for questions 1-6 follow the sameTASK ONE For questions 1-5, choose fram the list A-H the main reason why each speaker went to live abroad. A zoamrmoogm 1 Part 4: Multiple matching Ready for Listening In Part 4 you will hear five short monologues which are alll related in some way. For each speaker there are two separate tasks. For each task you are required to select the correct option from a choice of eight. 2 QP 262.10 You will hear five short extracts in which different people are talking about living abroad, While you listen you must complete both tasks. Concentrate mainly, but not exclusively, on Task One the first time you listen. The second time you listen, give more attention to Task Two. Once again, you will hear distractors, ‘= You have 45 seconds to read through the tasks, ‘Listen to the whole of each monologue to find the answers to both tasks. You may hear the answer to Task Tivo before the answer to Task One, This is the case with Speaker 4 belaw. TASKTWO to be with his/her partner : A for health reasons 8 to speak the language 2 ¢ for work reasons D to-eammore money L1l%] ¢ to run away from a problem 4 F fora change of routine G to study LIs} 4 For questions 6-10, choose from the list A-H what the speaker says about living abroad. | miss my family. The weather can be depressing, | go home regularly. Lite is more exciting here. I regret coming here. It's a cosmopolitan place, eel lke an outsider. I won't stay here for ever. 3. Check your answers using the listening script on page 235. Underline those parts of each extract which guide you to the correct answers. 4 One student wrote the following incorreet answers for questions 6-10 in Task Two. 6D 7A 8C 9B 10H Identify the distractor in each extract which may have caused the student to choose the wrong answer. Example: 6 Speaker 1: Plusit seemed so exciting when I came here two years ago. 127Q) House and home 128 Vocabulary 1: Describing rooms and houses Some adjectives for describing rooms are often used in partnership with others which have a similar or related meaning. Match each adjective 1-6 with another a-f to form appropriate partnerships. The first one has been done for you. 1 brightand a tidy 2 light and \ + dingy 3> neat and ¢ cheerful 4 darkand cosy 5 warm and f cluttered 6 cramped and e airy All th adverbs in each group a-e below collocate with one of the adjectives in the box. Write an appropriate adjective from the box in each space. uated decorated lit L furnished built a diml © tastefully conveniently brightly newly ideally softly richly pleasantly b comfortably dl recently sparsely poorly elegantly solidly ©) ising the adjectives and adverbs from exercises | and 2, describe your: * home andits location * bedroom « living room Example: I live on the outskirts of the city in a rented flat. It ism’ very conveniently situated - there are no shops nearby and as the underground doesn't go out that fax, I have to walk or get the bus everywhere. 18 solidly built, but the stairwell is rather dark and dingy. © Work with a partner. Each describe one of the rooms in the pictures below, saying what type of person the room might belong to and how you would feel about living there.House and home @ Use of English 1:) Open cloze aa 1 © Why do many people hate doing housework? 2. Read the following text, ignoring the gaps for the moment. According to the text, why is housework so depressing? HOUSEWORK GETS YOU DOWN Iemay come (0) _28_ no surprise to learn that household chores can make you fee! depressed. There is evidence (1) __ suggest that the more housework men and women do, the more likely they (2) ___ to suffer from mood swings. ‘Any form of repetitive cyclical work (3) __ bound to be depressing; says psychologist Nicholas Emler. ‘Domestic chores are open-ended tasks, so there is no defined end point. People prefer tasks they can complete, and (4) __a satisfactory conclusion they become stressed! Work in the home has no job description and family members rarely appreciate just (5) —_ mutch work has gone into preparing an evening meal or cleaning the bathroom. Women still take responsibility (6) __ the lion’s share of domestic chores, but with many in full-time jobs they can (7) __ longer pride themselves on having a spotless home. ‘The concept of being house-proud is out of fashion; says Prof Emler, who points (8) that the vast majority of men continue to shy away (9) __ doing the dis financial reward can go (10) __ way to compensating for dull, rep. housework is a strenuous job with no pay. . In other situations itive work, but Writer Tracy Kerry believes that many people nowadays just don’t know how to do housework. ‘There are an awful (11) __ of inexperienced people whose mothers were (12) ___ busy working to show them, Sweeping a room (13) ___seem an easy enough task to perform, but there’s a right way and a wrong way to do it. To make housework easier she suggests (14) __ get rid of possessions that are of no use to us any more. ‘Keep clutter (15) control and you will feel more able to cope! 3. Read the text again and complete each gap with one word. There is an example at the beginning (0), Use the questions and advice in the box to help you. Why is a relative pronoun not possible here? See page 222 for the grammar of ‘likely’ and ‘bound’. Will the missing word have a positive or negative meaning? Overall context and ‘just’ before the gap will help you make your choice. Which preposition is required after ‘responsibility’? Look at the surrounding context. Can women ‘pride themselves on having a spotless home’ now? 8 This phrasal verb appeared on page 94. 9 A preposition is required to complete this phrasal verb, 10. Why isan adjective not possible here before the singular countable noun ‘way’? 11 See page 101 for the expression ‘an awful__ of. 12. Note the infinitive later in the sentence. 13. Note that ‘seem’ is the infinitive form of the verb, not the third person singular. What does this tell you about the type of word required in the gap? 14 See page 221 for the grammar of ‘suggest’ 15, Which preposition is used in the expression ‘keep something souede control’? 4 ©) Who does ‘the lion's share of domestic chores’ in your house? Why? To what extent are yowyour parents house-proud? Do you follow the advice in the last sentence of the text? What other advice would you give to make housework less depressing? 129BETD House and home 2» 2% 30 35 40 6 30 130 Multiple choice ©) In what ways would your life be different if your house had no running water, no electricity and no central heating? How would you cope? 2 Read through the text quickly and anwer the following questions: What is your initial reaction to the st ry of Albert Juttus? Do you feel sympathy for him? Why (not)? 3 Now read the text again and for questions 1-7 on page 131, choose the correct answer A, B, Cor D, THE JOY OF PLUMBING Tm driving along a road in Leicestershire, in the tidy heart of the English countryside, where dick green fields roll out on cither side to the horizon. drive through the village of Shenton,a quiet place without 80 much as a pub, past prosperous-looking firms and neat brick houses. And then I pull up outside a rather shabby bungalow. Around the bungalow isa sea of mu Between the road and the bungalow there isa ditch, choked with weeds, with alittle muddy stream trickling along it.I push open the door of the bungalow to find Albert Juttus,a gentle-looking 73-year-old, sitting in his front rOom before a tiny heater running offa cylinder of Calor gs. He’ lived in this house for 46 years, and in all that time his only source of water has been that muddy ditch, ‘mon the move from the 17° century’ he says “They'e putting me right in the 21* century’ He had lived his life in total obscurity until last week, when the local council awarced him its biggest-ever grant, over £0,000, to transform his tiny property. It will now be connected to running water, given a new roof, windows and doors, as well asa lavatory. sink and a shower. Hs wife, Grace, has moved temporarily into a nursing home while the work is in progress. Since the announcement of that grant, che council has been rather embarrassed by the interest chat Albert Juttus’ belated journey into the 21° century has attracted: front-page coverage in the local paper and visits to his humble dwelling by television journalists But Albert Juttus’ life isn’t just an odd curiosity it says something about communities and how they work, or don't work, in Britain today. Having become rather fail and vulnerable in the las few year, he anc his wife were heavily reliant on the good mature of one neighbour, who declines to be named. Her tales of their neglected life strike a chill into your heart.'Every time 1 ‘came back from seeing them my son would say, you've been down at Alberts The stink was so bad in theit house it would get in my clothes. For two people in ther seventies, coping without running water and electricity had already become too much many years ago.The couple, who have no family did not realize they were entitled to an improvement grant.'We have never had very much, but we have always had each other; sid Albert, ‘and that’ all we ever ‘wanted, We've never been comfortable with the idea of handouts’ The local council sid they'd have acted sooner, had they known about the Juttuses, but the couple had obviously been slipping through the net for along time, And it would be wrong to see Albert Juttus as just someone to be pitied. In many ways he’ a real survivor Fleeing from Estonia in 1946, he came to Britain without knowing a word of English. Affera succession cof low-paid jobs on farms and in mills he found work in a nearby tyre factory. He had friends there, but although he knew he was the only one without running water and electricity, his only thought was ofthe bills hey ‘ust have had to pay each month.‘t didn’t think I could deal with those big bill’ he remembers. And didn't they tell you to get your life together? Juttus looks a litle shocked. They wouldn' speak out of turn; he says quietly. So this man, living on a labourer’ wage, with a wife who didn't work, clearly belioved he was just Jockedl out of the lifestyle chat everyone around him took for granted So how did change ever come to this litle house Jos in time? Albert Juttus, in his bizarrely modese but oddly practical way, decided that ie was indeed prety hard getting water out ofthe ditch, but that it woul be easier if he had a proper well. So some time ago he asked a health worker whether they could get someone to dig a well and their case was referred to a charity called Care and Repair. Shocked beyond belief by what they savr when they visited the house, these people began to put pressure on the council to rectify the situation Doesn't Me Juttus wish he ged to change itall much earlier? ‘It too late to wish now! he says, stubbing out a cigarette.“Times never return. And clearly something in him even feels ambivalent about the new life thae looms ahead. Te easy, in’ it, ou just switch a button or turn a tapt all just happens. But, 'l get spoilt, They'll be bringing me dippers and a pipe nexe™ Ie would have been a lot easier for the council fhe had agreed to move into a spanking new home on a smart estate, but he wouldn't do that. Ar the back of his house the view sweeps on and on over green fickds and to the soft surge of low hills fringed with trees." That’ the good thing about the country’ he siys, looking out ‘over the familiar prospect."You see long distances. 1 can sit out before sunset, when the birds start singing. L woulda't like to move. What for?”House and home ad 1 Onarriving at the Juttuses’ bungalow, the writer was struck by A its isolation from the rest of the community. B the ease with which she entered it. € the contrast it made with the surrounding area. D the beauty of the countryside in which it was situated. 2. What had recently changed for Albert Juttus at the time of the writer's visit? A. He had achieved a certain amount of fame. B His house had been completely renovated. © He had had new lighting installed. D He had inherited a large sum of money 3. The Juttuses went so long without basic amenities because A they had not previously qualified fora grant. B they had refused offers of financial aid. C the authorities were unaware of their situation, D they had always received help from local people. 4 What does Albert imply about his workmates in the tyre factory? A. They were probably earning more than he was. B They did not appreciate how lucky they were. © They had more right to running water and electricity than he did. D They were not the type of people to interfere in the affairs of others. 5. What led to the Juttuses receiving an improvement grant? A. They applied to a charity for some money. B They complained about the health risks. € Other people decided to act on their behalf D Albert came down with a serious illness. 6 What does Albert feel about the changes to his house? A. He regrets not making them before. B Heis uncertain whether he will like them. € He thinks the council could do more. D He cannot believe how fortunate he 7 Inthe last paragraph we learn that Albert does not want to leave his house because A. asuitable new home has not yet been offered to him, B_heis mistrustful of the local authorities, € the view reminds him of where he used to live. D_heis very attached to his surroundings. @© Reacting to the text How common is it for people in your country to live in conditions like those of the Juttuses? What do local authorities do to help such people? ‘He came to Britain without knowing a word of English.’ What difficulties would someone in this situation face? Would you be able to cope? ‘Iwouldn't like to move. What for?’ How true is this for you? Where would you prefer to live if you had to move: ato another part of your town or city? b toadifferent part of your country? © abroad? 131ECD House and home Vocabulary 2: Metaphorical meanings 1 Words can often have a metaphorical meaning in addition to thei Compare the use of ‘icy’ in these two sentences: iteral meaning. The pavement was icy. Literal meaning: ‘covered with ice’. Her eyes met his icy stare. Metaphorical meaning: ‘unfriendly; cold, like ice’. 2. The underlined words in the following extracts from the text are used metaphorically. What is the meaning of these words: a_as they are used in the extract? b intheirliteral sense? green fields roll out on either side the view sweeps on and on over green fields aditch, choked with weeds low hills, fringed with trees a sea of mud the tidy heart of the English countryside 3 Ineach of the exercises A and B, complete the gaps with one of the words from the box. AVerbs nestles towers thunders stretches sits. hugs 1 Everytime a lorry past, the house shakes. 2 The mountain above the city's eastern suburbs, 3. The house proudly on top of a hill overlooking the river: 4 The road the coast for a mile before heading off inland, 5 The village_______cosily in an unspoilt alpine valley. 6 The town along the river valley towards the sea B Nouns nightmare eyesore patchwork roar 1 There is mounting anxiety about the rising. of erime in our town. 2 The deafening of the sea makes it difficult to speak in the garden. 3. There's a constant of cars, all making their way to the new shopping complex. 4. Trying to find a place to park around here is a real 5. The new office block is a major it completely ruins the view. 6 Asyou come into land you fly overa______of green fields and stone walls. 4 ©) Describe the picture on this page using some of the words from exercises 2 and 3. 5 ©) Write sentences using four of the words from exercises 2 and 3 in their rrical sense to describe places in your region, Read out each sentence without I as aaa cael laosHouse and home @ Language focus: Participle clauses Participle clauses are clauses which begin with a present or past participle. They help to express ideas concisely and are ‘mote commonly used in written English, Particle clauses can be used instead of relative clauses, asin this example from the reading text: Between the road and the bungalow there isa ditch, (which is) choked with weeds... Which words have been omitted from the following sentence to create a participle clause? So this man, living on a labourer's wage, clearly believed he was just locked out of the lifestyle. CConjunctions lke and, so, because, as, when, after and if can also be omitted to create participle clauses, Underline the sentences in the reading text which express the same ideas as a-dbelow. a. Because they had become rather frail and vulnerable in the last few years, he and his wife were heavily reliant on the good nature of one neighbour. b_ He fled from Estonia in 1946 andi came to Britain. ‘¢ These people were shocked beyond belief by what they saw when they visited the house, so they began to put pressure on the local council "That's the good thing about the country’ he says, as he looks out over the familiar prospect. ©) baplain the difference in meaning between the following pairs of sentences. Which sentence in each paris more likely? 1. a. Driving home from the pub last night, the police ‘stopped him. 'b Driving home from the pub last night, he was stopped by the police. 2 a Themanager being il Elisa took overall his responsibilities for the week. b_ Beingill, Elsa took over all the manager's responsibilities for the week ©D ead more about participle clauses on page 223 of the Grammar reference. Practice Sentences 1-6 contain participle clauses. Rewrite each one using conjunctions or relative pronouns. There is an example at the beginning (0). ONot wanting to wake anyone up, she took her shoes off and tiptoed up the stairs. She didn’t want to wake anyone up, so she took her shoes. off and tiptoed up the stairs 1. Having won the silver meds in the 100 metres, he went ‘om to take gold in the 200 metres and long jump. 2 Don’tlook now, but the woman sitting next to you is wearing shoes made of crocodile kin. 3 Drunk in moderation, red wine is thought to protect against coronary disease. 4 Wrapped in a blanket and looking tired after his ordeal, Mr Brown was full of praise for the rescue services. 5 Reaching for the sugar, he knocked over his glass, spilling wine over her new dress. 6 Having never been abroad before, Brian was feeling a littie on edge. Rewrite the following sentences using participle clauses 1. Because I live within walking distance ofthe centre, rarely use the car ‘When I was cycling in to work the other day, saw a deer. ‘As we'd never had so much peace and quiet before, we found living here a lite strange at frst. 4 Our bedroom, which is situated at the back ofthe building, has some superb views over the rooftops towards the docks. 5 Ifyou playitat full volume, it relly annoys the neighbours. 6 The houseis alittle off the beaten track, so its not that, easy to find. 7. After the children had all let home, we decided to move away from the hustle and bustle. 8 Although itis not known for its tourist attractions, our neighbourhood does have one or two treasures which are ‘waiting to be discovered. 2 3 ©> Foreach of the sentences in exercise 2, say whether you think the speaker lives in a rural area or a city. ‘Which would you prefer to live in? Give reasons. Self help ‘Appropriate use of participle clauses in your answers in the Writing Paper will ad¢ variety to your writing and help ‘reste a good impression. 133BEED touse and home Use of English 2:) Multiple-choice cloze o 134 LI jet neighbours? What do you talk about? ‘* Read the text through first before making your choices. 2 For questions 1-12, read the text and ‘Answer these questions as you rea: decide which answer (A,B, CorD) best | What has caused the decline in communication fits each gap. There is an example at the ‘between neighbours in Britain? beginning (0). What has been one of the effects ofthis dectine? A LACK OF COMMUNICATION Recent research has (0) __ that a third of people in Britain have not met their (1) ___neighbours,and those who know each other (2)___ speak. Neighbours gossiping over garden fences and in the street was a common (3) ___inthe 1950s, says Dr Carl Chinn, an expert on local communities. Now, however, longer hours spent working atthe office, together with the Internet and satelite television, are eroding neighbourhood (4) “Poor neighbourhoods once had strong kinship, but now prosperity buys privacy! said Chinn. Professor John Locke, social scientist at Cambridge University, has analysed a large (5) __ of surveys. He found that in America and Britain the (6) __of time spent in social activity is decreasing, A third of people said they never spoke to their neighbours ac (7) _. Andrew Mayer, 25,a strategy consultant, rents a large apartment in west London, with two flatmates, who work in e-commerce. We have a family of teachers Upstairs and lawyers below, but our only contact comes via, i letters (8) _to the communal facilities or complaints that ‘welve not put out our bin bags properly! said Mayer. The (9) __ of communities can have serious effects. ‘Concerned at the rise in burglaries and (10) __of vandalism, the police have relaunched crime prevention schemes such ‘as Neighbourhood Watch,(11) __on people who live in the same area to (12) ___ an eye on each others’ houses and report anything they see which is unusual © Acxhibited B conducted € displayed _D revealed 1 Aside-on B next-door —_€ close-up D nearside 2 Abarely B roughly © nearly D virtually 3 Aoutlook B view © vision D sight 4 Aties B joints strings D laces 5 Adeal B amount © number D measure 6 Adeal B amount © number D measure 7 Aleast B once € all D most 8 Aconcerning —_-B regarding applying —_—i@D relating 9 Abreakout B breakthrough € breakdown D_ breakaway 10 Aacts B shows € counts D works 11 Aasking B calling € inviting D trying 12 Aput B keep € hold D give 3 ©) What findings do you think similar research in your own country would reveal? Do you agree with Dr Chinn that ‘prosperity buys privacy’?House and home @] Multiple matching cS 1 QP 211-215 You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about noise from the neighbouring house. While you listen you must complete both tasks. TASK ONE TASKTWO: For questions 1-5, choose from the list A-H For questions 6-10, choose from the list A-H what the what the cause of the noise was. speakers say about the effect the noise had on them. A birds Spaaler’ 7] A Itchanged my personality Speaker1) | 6 B people taking B Ittaught me to be more tolerant. © construction work Speaker2| | 2] © Myhealth was affected, Speaker2| | 7 D atelevision set D Iwas forced to move house. Speaker 3 3 Speaker 3 8 E_ music equipment E It destroyed a friendship. F cars Speaker 4 4 F Itdidn’t bother me. Speaker 4 9 G ababy crying G It prevented me from working, 5 H singing Speaker H_ Iwas forced to take legal action. Sprakr - © Which of the speakers do you have most and least sympathy with? Why? Have you had any sir lar problems with neighbours? Are you a noisy neighbour? What, if anything, can or should be done to help vi ims of noisy neighbours? Vocabulary 3: Noise and sound Look at the following extracts from the recording. What type of noise is indicated by all three underlined words? a The din was unbearable b ... it would start at 5, this awful racket and it'd wake up the baby. © Night afier night he'd have it blaring out at full volume. In 1-3 below, each of the adjectives collocates with the noun in capital letters at the end of the line, Underline the adjective in each group of three which has a very different meaning to the other two. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 squeaky high-pitched deep VOICE, ‘Deep’ describes a voice with a low pitch; the other two adjectives describe a voice with a high pitch. 1 loud booming hushed VOICE 2 distant unmistakable muffled SOUND 3 excessive incessant constant NOISE Cross out the word which does not normally collocate with the noun or adjective in capital letters at the beginning of each line. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 Docs growl roar whine Noun + verb 1 NOISE, dies down fadesaway goes off 2 DOORS slam shut rustleopen creak open 3. BELLS hoot tinkle chime Adjective + noun 4 ROWDY behaviour fans engine party 5 PIERCING groan cry seream shriek 6 DEAFENING — applause cheer silence ear 135