Scribd
Upload
119 views18 pages

3D Scanning PDF

3D scanning involves using a scanner or digital camera to capture digital representations of physical objects. There are two main techniques: photogrammetry, which uses overlapping photos to model objects, and 3D laser scanning, which uses a laser to capture millions of data points ("point clouds") to digitally represent surfaces. Both techniques allow real-world objects to be analyzed, preserved, and replicated digitally.

Uploaded by

Moiz Aamir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
119 views18 pages

3D Scanning PDF

3D scanning involves using a scanner or digital camera to capture digital representations of physical objects. There are two main techniques: photogrammetry, which uses overlapping photos to model objects, and 3D laser scanning, which uses a laser to capture millions of data points ("point clouds") to digitally represent surfaces. Both techniques allow real-world objects to be analyzed, preserved, and replicated digitally.

Uploaded by

Moiz Aamir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Introduction to 3D Scanning

• Scanner?
• A device that optically scans a images, texts or an object and converts it to
a digital image.

• Digital cameras also functions the same!


Introduction to 3D Scanning
• Digital cameras offer advantages of speed, portability and non-contact
digitizing documents.

• A camera image is subject to a degree of distortion, reflections, shadows,


low contrast, and blur due to camera shake compared to scanner.

Idea!

• Combining 3D scanners with digital cameras to create full-color, photo-


realistic 3D models of objects  3D Scanning
Introduction to 3D Scanning
• 3D scanning is a way to analyze a real world object to capture its physical
size and shape into a digital 3-dimensional representation.

Object Scan Print

• Two main techniques for 3D scanning


1. Photogrammetry
2. 3D Laser Scanning
Introduction to Photogrammetry
• Photogrammetry is the art and science of extracting 3D information from photographs.

• The process involves taking overlapping photographs of an object, structure, or


space, and converting them into 2D or 3D digital models.

• Two main types of photogrammetry


1. Aerial (with the camera in the air)
2. Terrestrial (with the camera handheld or on a tripod)

• Aerial Photogrammetry is used for surveying, mapping, measurement, topography and


geoinfomatics.
• Terrestrial/Close-ragne photogrammetry is used to create 3D models of objects.
• The photographs taken from different lines of sight are intersected to produce the 3-
dimensional coordinates of the points of interest.
Introduction to Photogrammetry
Introduction to Photogrammetry
• Working

Photo overlapping
Take multiple photos software Meshing software
of same object from (Ex: Autodesk (Ex: Autodesk Model
different line of sight Recap, visual SFM, meshmixer)
Regard 3D etc)

Real world object Multiple photos Obtained model Mesh model


Introduction to 3D Laser Scanning

• 3D Laser Scanning is a non-contact, non-destructive technology.

• Digitally captures the shape of physical objects using a line of laser


light.

• 3D laser scanners create “point clouds” of data from the surface of


an object.

• A point cloud is a set of data points in space.

• Point clouds are converted to mesh model.


3D Laser Scanning

• The shape of the object appears as millions of points called a “point


cloud” on the computer monitor as the laser moves around capturing
the entire surface shape of the object.

• After the huge point cloud data files are created, they are registered
and merged into one three-dimensional representation of the object
Construction of 3D Laser Scanning
• 3D Laser Scanner consists of a projector and camera.

Camera/Detector
Projector

• Projector is used to shine light on the object.


• Cameras are used to detect the light.
• It works best in dark environment.
Modes of 3D Laser Scanning
• Fixed scanning
• The object to be scanned is placed on a rotating stage.
• Scanner is fixed.

• The laser probe continuously projects a line of laser light onto the surface.
Modes of 3D Laser Scanning
2. Hand held Scanning.
Scanner is moved around the stationary object.

• Offer a higher degree of control and more maneuverability.


3D Laser Scanning

• Reference markers

• Reference markers are adhesive reflective tabs that the scanner uses
to align elements and mark positions in space/ on objects.
3D Laser Scanning
• Reference markers are used;
• To compensate for the uneven motion of the human hand.
• Smooth/non-textured objects.
• Monotonic areas in object
• Transparent areas.
• Black portions

Markers
Application of 3D Laser Scanning

• Reverse Engineering

• Architecture

• Motion capture/ Sci-Fi movies/ Video games

• Prosthetics limbs

• Engineering Design and Prototyping

• Digitalization of cultural artifacts


Application of 3D Laser Scanning
Prosthetics limbs
Video Games
Application of 3D Laser Scanning
Digitalization of cultural artifacts
Reverse Engineering
Aleppo (Syria)
• An example of a 1.2 billion data point cloud render of Beit Ghazaleh, a heritage 
site in danger in Aleppo
Limitation of 3D Laser Scanning

• Can’t scan sub-mm size object.

• Cant detect very shinny objects.

• Black colored objects are hard to detect.

• Fail for transparent objects.

• Needs calibration before operation.


•
• Costly

You might also like