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Solved Exmaples PDF

This document contains solutions to several problems involving sensors and sensor measurements: 1) A platinum resistance temperature sensor is used to calculate the values of α and β in its resistance equation based on given resistance values at different temperatures. Non-linearity is also calculated. 2) The resistance of a thermistor at the ice point is calculated using its material constants and the ice point temperature. 3) The change in resistance is calculated for a metal strain gauge under maximum tensile and compressive strains based on its gauge factor and unstrained resistance. 4) The required range of a variable resistor in a Wheatstone bridge circuit is calculated to measure temperature over a given range using a temperature sensor

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nigus hailu
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1K views

Solved Exmaples PDF

This document contains solutions to several problems involving sensors and sensor measurements: 1) A platinum resistance temperature sensor is used to calculate the values of α and β in its resistance equation based on given resistance values at different temperatures. Non-linearity is also calculated. 2) The resistance of a thermistor at the ice point is calculated using its material constants and the ice point temperature. 3) The change in resistance is calculated for a metal strain gauge under maximum tensile and compressive strains based on its gauge factor and unstrained resistance. 4) The required range of a variable resistor in a Wheatstone bridge circuit is calculated to measure temperature over a given range using a temperature sensor

Uploaded by

nigus hailu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

A platinum resistance sensor is to be used to measure temperatures between 0 and


200 °C. Given that the resistance RT Ω at T°C is given by RT =R0 (1 +αT+βT2) and
R0 =100.0Ω, R100=138.50, R200=175.83 Ω,
a) Calculate the values of α and β;
b) What is the non-linearity of a sensor? Calculate the non-linearity at 100 °C as
a percentage of full-scale deflection.
Solution:
(a)
R0=100, R100=138.50, R200=175.83 Ω
RT =R0 (1 +αT+βT2)
For T=1000C
100α + 10, 000β = 0.385 (1)
0
For T=200 C
200α + 40, 000β = 0.7583 (2)
Solve the above two equations simultaneously:
-2*[100α + 10, 000β = 0.385]
+1*[200α + 40, 000β = 0.7583]
add both equations and then solve for β then solve α, we get:
β = -585x10-9 0C-2
α = 3.91x10-3 0C-1
(b) Non-linearity of a sensor is the difference between the actual i/p-o/p
relationship and the ideal straight line that relates the i/p-o/p (i.e. Use the sample
example discussed in chapter 4)
2. A thermistor has constants K=0.1Ω, β=3200K. Find the resistance at the ice point.
Solution:
Rθ=Ke(β/θ) = 0.1*e(3200/273) = 12.32kΩ
3. A typical metal gauge has the following parameters:
 Gauge factor 2.0, Unstrained resistance 120 ± 1 Ω, linearity within ±0.3%,
Maximum tensile strain +2 × 10−2, Maximum compressive strain −1 × 10−2, and
Maximum operating temperature 150 °C
Determine the change in resistance at maximum tensile strain and at maximum
compressive strain.
Solution:
∆R = R0Ge
For tensile strain
∆R = R0Ge = 120x2x2 × 10−2 = +4.8Ω
For compressive strain
∆R = R0Ge = 120x2x(−1 × 10−2) = -2.4Ω

4. Consider using a Wheatstone bridge having R1=200 Ω and R2=2000 Ω to measure a


resistance, Rm of a temperature sensor. Suppose the resistance of the temperature
sensor, Rm, in Ω, is related to the temperature, in 0C, by the equation
Rm=1500 +25T
The temperature is expected to vary over the range 0 to 1000C. Over what range must
R3 vary in order for the bridge to measure temperature over the range 0 to 1000C.
Solution:
R3=(R1/R2)x(Rm)
When T= 00C, Rm = 1500Ω and
R3=(200/2000)x(1500) = 150Ω

When T= 1000C, Rm = 4000Ω and


R3=(200/2000)x(4000) = 400Ω
R3 has to vary from 150Ω to 400Ω

Your turn: solve the following simple problems


5. A variable dielectric capacitive displacement sensor consists of two square metal
plates of side 5cm, separated by a gap of 1 mm. A sheet of dielectric material 1 mm
thick and of the same area as the plates can be slid between them as shown in Figure
4. Given that the dielectric constant of air is 1 and that of the dielectric material 4,
calculate the capacitance of the sensor when the input displacement x = 0.0, 2.5 and
5.0 cm.

6. A strain gauge having an unstrained resistance of 120 Ω and a gauge factor of 2.1 is
bonded onto a steel girder so that it experiences a tensile stress of 108 Pa. If Young’s
modulus for steel is 2 × 1011 Pa, calculate the strained resistance of the gauge.

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