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Project 24 - Biodiversity - Mangrooves

- Mangroves support diverse plant and animal life along coastlines and are essential for their survival. They protect coastlines from erosion and improve water quality. - However, over the last century mangroves have been extensively destroyed and degraded due to coastal development, pollution, aquaculture, and logging. This has put mangroves and dependent species at high risk of extinction. - A survey found that local communities recognize the importance of mangroves for providing food and materials, as well as storm protection and climate regulation. Most agreed that more needs to be done to conserve mangroves.

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100% found this document useful (3 votes)
8K views7 pages

Project 24 - Biodiversity - Mangrooves

- Mangroves support diverse plant and animal life along coastlines and are essential for their survival. They protect coastlines from erosion and improve water quality. - However, over the last century mangroves have been extensively destroyed and degraded due to coastal development, pollution, aquaculture, and logging. This has put mangroves and dependent species at high risk of extinction. - A survey found that local communities recognize the importance of mangroves for providing food and materials, as well as storm protection and climate regulation. Most agreed that more needs to be done to conserve mangroves.

Uploaded by

Ujjval Nagota
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© © All Rights Reserved
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BIODIVERSITY - MANGROVES

SELECTION OF PROJECT
Mangroves support various plant and animal life around the coastal areas and are
needed for their survival. They protect coastlines from erosion. Proximity to the
coastline makes them efficient water filters improving water quality. Mangrove forests
are an essential resource for coastal human communities, providing fish molluscas and
crustaceans for trade and consumption. Mangrove forests provide materials such as
fuel, timber, honey, medicines and fodder. The ability of mangroves to store huge
amounts of carbon plays an important role in global carbon budgets and in the process
of migrating climate.
Over the last century, these has been extensive loss and degradation of mangrove
habitats due to coastal development, pollution, aquaculture and logging for timber and
fuel wood. As a result, 20% of the total area of mangroves was lost between 1980 and
2005 and mangrove habitat continues to decline at an estimated rate of 1-2% annually.
As a result, mangroves and the species that depend on them are at an elevated risk of
extinction. At the present rate of loss, the world faces a real risk of losing the services
provided by mangroves entirely in the next 100 years.
HYPOTHESIS
If the mangroves continue to be threatened then it will result in loss of habitats of
various species of plants, animals, fish, molluscas and crustaceans which offer a balance
to the ecosystem, as well as pose a threat to the climatic conditions.
OBJECTIVE
-To understand the importance of role of mangroves in the biodiversity of
environment.
-To identify major impacts - natural and man-made and develop conservation
strategies.
-To learn how to maintain mangrove forests and not pollute/destroy the mangroves.
-To evaluate the contribution of the mangroves to the ecosystem and ensure its
preservation.
-To create awareness of the importance of Mangroves and its conservation.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
1) NAME: Cigar, E.Ochieng, L.L.Tieszen, Z.Zhu, A and N.Duke
TOPIC: Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observation
satellite data.
YEAR: 2010
2) NAME: P.Sateeshkumar
TOPIC : Biodiversity of Pondicherry mangroves conservation and management.
YEAR: 2012
3) NAME: Donald J. Macintosh & Elizabeth C. Ashton
TOPIC:Review of Mangrove biodiversity conservation and management.
YEAR: 2002
RELEVANCE
Mangrove ecosystems provide considerable benefits to surrounding habitats and
communities, both locally and at a wider scale. Their proximity to the coastline make
them efficient water filters, improving water quality and protecting habitats, such as
coral reefs, from siltation, whilst also protecting coastlines from erosion providing soil
stabilization and storm protection. Mangroves provide a home and nursery grounds to
a rich and complex array of species. Nursery grounds provide often complex habitats
with protective areas out of reach from larger predators, where the juvenile fish grow
large enough to then survive in the open waters. Many commercial fish species are
known to rely on mangroves as juveniles, and also as adults for their feeding grounds.
In terms of economic value, mangroves provide huge benefits. Storm protection
provided by mangroves is also very important as demonstrated by one case study on
storm protection benefits.
Mangroves are highly complex ecosystems occupying a major part of tropical
coastlines. High primary productivity, efficient biological nutrient recycling and a
permanent exchange with terrestrial and marine ecosystems are their common
features.
Mangrove forests are home to a large variety of fish, crab, shrimp and mollusc species.
These fisheries form an essential source of food for thousands of coastal communities
around the world. The forests also serve as nurseries for many fish species, including
coral reef fish. This makes mangrove forests vitally important to coral reef and
commercial fisheries as well.
Mangrove wood is resistant to rot and insects, making it extremely valuable. Many
coastal and indigenous communities rely on this wood for construction material as well
as for fuel. Recently, the forests have also been commercially harvested for pulp wood
chip and charcoal production.
The dense root systems of mangrove forests trap sediments flowing down rivers and
off the land. This helps stabilizes the coastline and prevent erosion from waves and
storms. In areas where mangroves have been cleared coastal damage from hurricanes
and typhoons is much more severe. The forests also protect coral reefs and sea grass
meadows from being smothered in sediment.

METHODOLGY
SURVEY METHOD
DESCRIPTION OF METHOD
To conduct a survey around the coastal areas of the city where there are mangrove
plantations and to discuss with the resident around there their views about the
pollution and destruction of mangroves. These are the questions that I am going to ask
in my survey:
1) Do you think mangroves are important for your lives?
Yes/No
2) How do mangroves impact your day to day life?
a) By providing food from plants and fish
b) By providing fuel in the form of wood.
c) By providing a mode of earning: trading fish and exclusive vegetation
d) Any other.
3) How does the mangrove help in making your life comfortable?
a) Clean air
b) Natural water supply
c) Any other
4) Has the deforestation of the mangroves had a negative impact on your life?
Yes/No
5) Are any measures being taken to conserve the mangrove in your locality?
Yes/No
6) Do you think more needs to be taken to conserve the mangorves?
Yes/No
7) Do you agree that mangroves help in storm protection?
Yes/No
8) Do you think the reduction of mangroves has affected the climate?
Yes/No
9) Has reduction in mangroves caused change in migration pattern of birds?
Yes/No
10) Would you help spread the awareness for conservation of mangroves?
Yes/No
OBSERVATION:-
QUESTION YES NO
1 85% 15%
2 As per table below
3 As per table below
4 70% 30%
5 60% 40%
6 90% 10%
7 75% 25%
8 95% 05%
9 70% 30%
10 90% 10%

Question
2 a b c d
50% 25% 20% 5%
3 a b c
30% 60% 10%

ANALYSIS
The graphs below show how many people gave a positive response to each question in
the survey and how many gave a negative response. The vertical axis is the
representation of the percentage of people that responded to a particular question.
The horizontal axis is the question number referred to the question.

% OF PEOPLE RESONSE IN SURVEY QUESTION: 1


100

90

80

70

60

50 YES
NO
40

30

20

10

0
Category Category Category Category Category Category Category Category
1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
R

% OF PEOPLE RESPONSE IN SURVAY QUESTION :2


5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
Series 1
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4
% OF PEOPLE RESPONSE IN SURVAY QUESTION 3
70

60

50

40

% OF PEOPLE RESPONSE
30

20

10

0
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3

RESULT
From the above analysis and data obtained from the survey, it simply explains that the
biodiversity in mangroves is really important source for people, plants and marine life
living near the coastal areas. It helps in providing food, fresh water as well as fresh air
for the living beings in the area. It is also a source of income for many people. It also
helps in maintain the climatic conditions. Thus it is very important part of our
environment and its need to be conserved is very important. Hence, we have to create
a global awareness of the importance and the impact of the threats.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.biodiversitya-z.org/content/mangrove--2
http://www.dpi.inpe.br/referata/ara/2010_99_marilia/giri_etal_2010.pdf
PROJECT REPORT
The aim of this project is to height light the importance and biodiversity of mangroves
for our environment. Over the past years the mangroves have been threatened. Thus,
it in crucial to convey its importance and uses and to explain why the loss of mangrove
vegetation is bad for the environment.
Using survey method, a survey was conducted with the people living around the coastal
areas of the city where there are mangrove plantation. We got to know their views
about the importance and uses of mangroves in their everyday life.
After collecting the response from the survey, we analyzed the information using a bar
graph and we could clearly see that if the mangroves continue to be threatened, it can
cause various environmental problems as well as certain climatic changes over a period
of time. It can also create other ecological imbalances.
Mangroves help in maintaining climatic condition, provide good quality water and can
also store large amounts of carbon. It is also a source of income for many people living
near the mangroves . It can cause various climatic changes and will also destroy the
habitat of all the animals and other plants in that area. Also, since the mangroves
prevent coastal erosion ,their depletion could also increase coastal erosion Thus it in
necessary to understand the importance of need of conservation of mangroves and
this study report brings about the awareness that it is required for the same.

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