HISTORY

OF

PALESTINE
IN IMAGES
Short version
for the school.
1
This presentation is simply to explain the most important historical facts of
Palestine and the vicissitudes of the Palestinian people.

It should not be interpreted as an accusation against the Jews, who also suffered
, nor against the people of Israel.

Persecution of the Jews culminating in the Holocaust, where 5,5 million Jews
were murdered, has impacted Jewish and non-Jewish attitudes throughout the
world towards Palestine.

It is very important to distinguish between Jews in general and Zionists and/or

Israelis, who are directly responsible for the sufferings of the Palestinian people.

There can be no peace without justice.

Note that in the history of Palestine with the word "Jew" or "Jews" are intended Zionist Jews.

2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Palestine
 Palestine
an obligatory
passage between
ARABIA • Africa and Asia
• Africa and Europe
• the Mediterranean
sea and the Orient

3
 Lebanon
Syria
Golan

Mediterranean
Acre

Jordan
see

Jericho
The topography shows the fertile
Palestine coastal plain, irrigated by the water
that flows down from the mountains 4

Mar
Morto

The fertile crescent of the ME

Egypte
Sinaï
The Nord coast of Palestine
5
The Jordan Valley.
In the background the plateau of Jordan.
The white spots are the greenhouses of the Israeli colonies.
6
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_Valley
Dead Sea
The Israelis exploit Palestinian
land for tourism purposes.

7
 Tel Aviv today

What’s remain of Jaffa.

8
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv
Around 7000
years ago
the Cananeans,
first inhabitants
of Palestine,
found the
town of Jericho

The land of
Canaan about
5000 years ago
(3000 B.C. - 1468 B.C.)

9
1800 B.C. On the way to Egypt Abraham crosses Palestine.
10
(Biblical version)
 The map
shows the
biblical
version

According to
some modern
researchers
there wasn’t
exodus but
probably only an
escape of small
groups of
opponents of
the Pharaonic
regime, groups
that joined the
existing
Canaanite tribes
in Palestine.

About 1250 B.C. The Jews escaped from Egypt and returned to Palestine where
they massacred many Canaanites and Philistines, who also arrived at the same
period. The Jewish priests of the time claimed that Palestine had been
promised to the Jews by God. Probably it was only a trick to convince the
Jewish tribes to settle in the fertile land of Palestine.
11
 The Jews in Palestine:
The David’s Kingdom
Gaza
(970 B.C.)
and the Solomon’s Kingdom
(930 B.C.)

(According to some modern researchers the Jewish kingdoms

were only small tribal domains and Jerusalem just little more
of a village)
12
 Mesopotamia

Assurbanipal

733-721 B.C. The Assyrians, people of

Mesopotamia, defeated the Jews of Israel’s
kingdom and deported a part of them to
Mesopotamia.
13
The Babylonian empire A model of the city of Babylon

In the year 597 B.C. the Babylonians - the

people of Mesopotamia and successors of the
Assyrians (today’s Iraqis) - also conquered
the kingdom of Judea, destroyed the first
temple and deported many Jews to Babylon.

The deportation of the Jews

14
 Cyrus

In the year 539 B.C., Cyrus, the Persian, set the Jews free, but only the Judean tribe returned to Palestine
which subsequently was dominated by the Persians (today Iranians). At that time a smaller temple was built.
According to some modern researchers the origin of the Jewish religion dates from this period.
15
Starting from year 322 B.C.
Palestine was dominated by the
Macedonians (Greeks) led by
Alexandre the Great who built
a vast empire. The hellenic
influence continued until the
first century B.C.
16
The Roman empire between 14 and 116 A.D.
see the notes 17
Al Aqsa mosque, Jerusalem Captured by
Mahomet
Captured in the
following 100 years
Direction of the future
expansions

18

From 632 A.D. to 1260 A.D. Palestine is part of the Islamic world.
 Palestine at the time of the
Crusaders About 1200 A.D.

Angry
Crusader

Kingdom of
Jerusalem

19
1253 - 1516
Palestine is
dominated by the
Mamelukes -
Islamic
warriors.

20
 Suleiman the 21
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire Magnificent

From 1516 to 1917 Palestine is part of the Ottoman empire

Photo: Ottoman soldiers - Map: the Ottoman Kingdom between 1600 and 1700
Tibériade Béthanie

Palestine: year 1895 22

Hébron Nazareth
 Jenin, about 1900

Palestine: a land without people? 23

Jerusalem: year 1895 24
Moslims on the Christians, Holy Sepulcre
mosquee explanade Church in Jerusalem

Palestine : the Holy Land for

three important monotheistic
religions.

Torah Koran Bible

Jews at the
Wailing Wall in Jerusalem
25
Jews in Palestine in
front of their vine
farm in 1860

The religious jews

1882
Some of the first
Zionist immigrants
arrived from
Russia und
Rumania with the
ship S.S.Thetis 26
 The Templars in Jerusalem,
supported by Willhelm II.
Kaiser of Germany

The Templar colony in Haifa in 1877

about 1800 - 1900

Some Christian religious
orders settle in Palestine.
Some Jews buy land in
Palestine and settle there
for religious reasons.
All give a strong impulse to
the palestinian economy.

Betlehem : Church of the Nativity und the annexe

buildings of the Franciscans friers 27
Theodor
Herzl Chaim
Weizman,
President
Basel of the Zionist
organisation

1897
In Basel (Switzerland) the first Zionist
congress presided by Theodor Herzl
proposes to establish in Palestine a
State for the Jews. The options Uganda
and Argentina were rejected.
The purchase of land and the shipment
of settlers to Palestine begins.
To collect the necessary money, in 1901
the Jewish National Fund was founded. 28

The invitation to the first congress

The contribution certificate (with Wailing Wall)
Greater Israel according to Herzl :
from the Nile to the Euphrates Greater Israel
(Eretz Israel)
according to the
The promised land modern Zionists
(Paris, 1919) 29
 Galilea 1913 Orange harvesting in Jaffa 1915
Kibbuz Ramat Babel 1927
Beginning 20th century : the first zionist pioneers arrives

Kefar Giladi 1916

Galilea 1913 30
Kibbuz Rishon Le Zion 1913

The first jewish quarter in Haïfa 1907 First haus in Rehavia near to Jerusalem Galilea 1913
1914 The Turkish Ottoman empire 31
In 1839 the Turkish Ottoman empire starts the modernization of the country, including Palestine.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire
Ottoman Jerusalem 1898 32
Ottoman Palestine : the railway station of Jerusalem 1892
The arrival of the inauguration train
33
Nablus
1918

34
1915 1915 Britain promises

In exchange for the support

of the Arabs in the war
against Turkey (200’000
Arabs lose their life), Britain
promises the Arabs an
independent country.
In 1916, with the Sykes-
Picot agreement between
France and Britain, a
similar sized territory was
assigned to France.

1917 The Arabic

combatants led by Lawrence
of Arabia conquer Aqaba 35
 Blak see

1916
The (secret)
Sykes-Picot Sykes
Mediterranean
see agreement
between
Britain and
France for the Picot
division of areas
of influence in the
Middle East.
This agreement must be
considered in the context of
British colonial policy for the
Red
see
Middle East and the strategic race
for oil.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sykes-Picot
36
 1917 – 1918
The British
troops conquer
Palestine

37
December 1917
The town of
Jerusalem
surrenders to
the British.

The British troops

led by general
Allenby enter
Jerusalem
 1917
The Balfour Declaration
The British government
declares itself favourable to the
establishment in Palestine of a
« national home » for the Jews.
Condition: nothing shall be
done which may prejudice the
civil and religious rights of the
non-Jewish communities in
Palestine. 38
The Balfour
Declaration
was the price
that Britain
paid to the
Zionists for
having
convinced
the US to
enter the war
against
Germany

Lord Balfour

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balfour_Declaration
 1920
Settlement
in the
Jezreel
valley

Beginning of the 1920s: drainage construction

National Jewish Fund (established in 1901)
provided essential funding to early Zionist
Work brigade in a kibbutz in the 1920s
settlements within the framework of the
Mandatory Zionist Commission and Jewish
Agency.

Kibbutzin
in 1935

39
 1926 1940
Allenby
. Street

1920 Rotschild Boulevard

1914

The spectacular growth of Tel Aviv

1910
2000

1909 Works

1909 Foundation

40
 Jaffa 1900-1920

Jaffa, about 1900 Jaffa, the city center in 1918

41
Palestine, « a land without a people » ?
 1922
After the Conference of San Remo
in 1920, the League of Nations
(precursor of the UN) entrusts
Great Britain with the
administration of Palestine
England sends Samuel Herbert,
liberal, Jew, Zionist, secretary of
Lord Balfour and inspirator of the
Samuel Herbert , the
Balfour declaration as first
guardian angel of the Zionists. Commissioner to Palestine.

1920 Designation of Samuel Herbert

1922 Session of the League of Nations
Commissioner for Palestine

42

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Remo_conference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Samuel http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Mandate_of_Palestine

 1934 Kibbutz
Kibbutz Dalia Degania Alef
in the 1930s
Itinerant
dental
care
1928 Kibbutz
Beit Hashita
In Palestine
kibbutz
grow
like
mushrooms

Kibbutz Bet Alfa 1921 43

 kibbuz

Tirat Zvi : Zionist fortificated collective farm (kibbutz), in the 1930s

44
Typical
Moshav,
Zionist
co-operative
village,
in the
1940s

45
1936 Olives in Palestine represent an important resource which
nourishes a healthy oil and soap industry
Industria 46
palestinese
 General view of the orange groves of Jaffa before 1914.
At that time the land was cultivated everywhere.

Collecting of citrus fruits before 1914

Arabic citrus grove

In Palestine the Arabs
developed citrus
cultivation . They owned
12,000 hectars of citrus
groves, i.e. 52 % of the
total. Later nearly all fruit
production was usurped 47
by the Jews.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaffa_orange
Jaffa, 1930 48
1930 Palestinian Arab industry
49
Identity document of a Palestinian citizen in the year 1935 50
Some
Palestinian
banknotes
and coins
of the British
mandate
period
51
 27.10.1933
Repression of
a Palestinian
protest by the
British police

The Palestinian national salvation Committee

1936 - 1939 Great Arab rebellion 52

(repressed in blood by the British helped by the Jewish militias)

«Rien ne va plus » between Arabs und Jews + British

1929 Protest demonstration of the Arabs

THE REPRESSION

Jenin 1938

«British style»
controls, check points
and home demolitions 1918-1948

53
 1937
The partition plan
of Palestine suggested
by the British Royal
Commission
led by Lord Peel

54
November 1936 : the Peel Commission in Jerusalem
The
emigration
office of
Trieste, Italy
about 1930

A
immigration
certificate of
1937

1946 Ben Gurion

calls on the
survivors of the
holocaust to
emigrate to
Palestine
The Jewish
agency
organizes
the illegal
immigration
to Palestine
November 25, 1940: Zionists terrorists sink
the ship Patria, full of Jewish immigrants
55
During the journey to Palestine The arrival in Palestine
 56
1940 Lydda By 1948 everything will be usurped by the Zionists
Jaffa in 1940 By 1948 everything will be usurped by the Zionists.

57
Haifa in 1948: a modern harbor city
58
Al Ramle in 1940 59
 Jaffa :
movie
theater

1940
Palestine
on
the
way
to
urbani-
zation
1940
Urbaniz
zazione

60
 Rete ferroviaria

1948
Palestine :
the rail
and road
network
1905 The Dar’a-Haifa Line

61
 Terrorism
o sionista

January 4, 1948: the destruction of the city 1946: attack on the Jaffa-
Photo: King David hotel in Jerusalem, hall building in Jaffa killed 26 civilians Jerusalem line
British headquarters, and the ruins of it
after the bombing by the Stern group in
62
1946. About 100 people were killed. The zionist terrorism:
The Zionist militias Irgoun, Lehi, Stern group, etc.
since 1936 they terrorise sistematically, attack and kill British and
Palestinians.
Before 1948 there are already 60’000 Palestinian refugees.
Attack to a bus, 1948, 6 January, Bombing of the
Jerusalem, December 29, 1947 hotel Semiramis in Jerusalem
1948
The British try to
maintain order 63
Terrorists of the Zionist Irgun gang wanted by the police:
future Prime minister of Israel Menachem Begin is on the list
64
Terrorists of the Zionist Stern gang are wanted by the police:
future Prime minister of Israel Yitshak Shamir is on the list
65
1947
The Jewish settlements

About 6 % of the land is

owned by Jews.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_National_Fund 66
JEWS

In 1918 the Jews represented 8 %

of the population and they owned
about the 2,5 % of the land.

.
In 1948, after 30 years of Jewish
immigration, the Zionists
community constitues 33 % of the
total population and ownes 5.67 %
of Palestine land

In the 1930s and 1940s there was a

strong Jewish immigration due to
the Nazi-Fascist persecutions

67
Palestine : demography from 1918 to 1948
29th November 1947
The
UN General Assembly adopts
Resolution 181
that provides for the partition
of Palestine into two States:
A Jewish State and
an Arab State
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947_partition_plan
68
Haganah

The main Zionist militia Haganah:

in April 1948 it counted 120’000
militians against 5’000 Arab
combatants

1947 - 1948
Before the UN Resolution 181 Irgun parade
came into force, and before the Zionists Tel Aviv
1948
proclaimed the State of Israel, many thousands of
Palestinians were attacked and expelled from their homes.
Many massacres were committed in Palestinian villages by 69
the Zionists including Deir Yassin and Tantoura, where over
450 were killed. The aftermath of all this resulted in the
Israeli occupation of land allocated for the Arab State.
Irgun

Palmach armoured battallion

Miliziani
sionisti
 The commanders of the Arab militias

Period from 1947 to 14th May 1948

The Arabic and Palestinian
combatants are approximately 5000.
They are also responsible for various
massacres eg. in Kfar Etzion.
70
 «We will expel the Arabs
and take their place.
In each attack a decisive
blow should be struck
resulting in the
destruction of homes
and the expulsion
of the population.»

The red house in Tel Aviv (1930s)

“On March 10, 1948, eleven men

had a meeting in the Red House
headed by Ben Gurion. The
eleven decided to expel one
million Palestinians from
historical Palestine.“ (Ilan Pappe)

The Zionists started planning the ethnic cleansing of Palestine in 1940.

Plan D (Dalet) entered the implementation phase in March 1948.

71
 Attack on the Palestinian village of
Dayr Aban, Jerusalem district

The Dalet plan

December 1947 - 14th May 1948

The ethnic cleansing Plan Dalet (March 1948):
10 big operations of ethnic cleansing
were carried out by Zionists before the
UN resolution 181 was implemented.
40 mm mortar

72
 Attack to the Palestinian village of Sa’ Sa’ where in 1948 the Zionist carry out two massacres: February 15 and October 30

To convince Palestinians to leave

the Zionist perpetrate some brutal
massacres. A total about 15’000
Palestinian were killed. For the
Palestinians this is the NAKBA
(the catastrophe). According to
Zionist propaganda, the
Palestinians abandoned their
This mass grave with the remains of 200 Palestinian villages spontaneously or on 10 April 1948 - Zionist militias in Deir Yassine The
civilians was discovered in Jaffa in September 2014 orders of their authorities. uniforms are english military residues of world War the II.

9-10 april 1948: attack on Deir Yassin, suburb of Jerusalem, where the Irgun and Stern gangs massacred 255 men, women and children

Deir Yassin invaded by Zionist gangs After the massacre of Deir Yassin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_Yassin_massacre
73
 Manshiyeh, Jaffa district, before Nakba

Zionist militias
occupy Jaffa

April 1948. Manshiyeh destroyed by the Zionists.

Today it is a modern district of Tel Aviv. Jaffa - The Zionist militias
bombed the city from April 25th to
28th 1948 and drove out 60,000
Arab inhabitants. 74

Many Palestinians from

Jaffa have to flee by sea
 Note the
Haganah
jeeps

The Zionist militias force the

Palestinians to leave. The expulsion of the Palestinians

1948
-
1949

Haifa, April 1948:

75 the Zionists drive out
or kill 65’000 Palestinians.
 1947
Ship
Exodus

Hebrew immigrants are arriving:

the Palestinians have to abandon
their homes und go away. 76
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Palestinian_exodus

Almost only women and children. Men were imprisoned or

killed.
PALESTINE

14 - 15 mai 1948
End of the British mandate
Coming into force of the UN resolution 181.
Declaration of the State of Israel.
Beginning of the I. Arab-Israeli war.

77
 May 14th, 1948
Ben Gurion rejects the
truce request by the UN
and declares unilaterally
the State of Israel

The
immediate
recognition by
the USA
78
The last
English
troops are
concentrated
in the
harbour

May 14th 1948 The last parade

Official end of
the British
mandate

Photo : June 1948

Departure of the
last British troops The last lowering of the flag

from the harbour The sad departure to England

of Haïfa

The British
load their
troops and
material
onto the
ships
79
 1948
The Kings of Saudi
Arabia and of Egypt
inspect the Egyptian
military forces before
the war

Egypt

May 1948
Lebanon
Beginning of the
first Arab-Israel
Syria
war
(in reality it is the second one)

Transjordan Israel
80

Iraq

The Arab
columns
enter
Palestine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War
1948
On June
28th the
Zionist
militias
Haganah,
Irgun, etc.
become the
official
army of
Israel:
Zahal

81
 82
November 1948
The Israel infantry
moves to the front

1948
First Arab - Israel war
The Israeli defence forces
repel the Arab armies and
ignore the armistices
declared by the UN

March 1949 Conquest of

October 1948 Um Rashrash (today Eilat)
The Israeli infantry
attack the Egyptian 1948 Arab prisoners
positions in the Negev in Ramle
 al-Tantura, about 1950 - the village is uninhabited

al-Tantoura, about 1935

The Palestinians have to

dig their own mass grave.

The al-Tantura massacre 22-23 May 1948

About 200-250 men were taken to the cemetery Women and children are forced to leave forever.
where they were killed and buried.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantura 83
 Note the jeeps The
attack
on the
village

Safsaf

The
murderers

October 28th 1948 The Zionist army entered

the Palestinian village of Safsaf and killed about
60 Palestinian men. Population was drived out
and the village was destroyed. Today
there is the kibbutz Moshav Safsufa. 84

After the massacre

The keys of
the survivors
the village is
empty

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killings_and_massacres_during_the_1948_Palestine_war
 Towards exile

Grouping of civilians

1948-1949
In contravention of
the agreements with
Egypt, Israeli troops
oblige the inhabitants
of Al-Faluja and Iraq
al-Manshiya to leave.

Occupation
of Al Falluja

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Faluja
85
 July 1948, the Israeli army drives
out the inhabitants of Al-Ramla

1947 - 1949 Palestinians are expelled by the Zionists and have to leave everything behind 86
At the same time the
Zionist immigrants
arrive en masse.
 Escape from Haifa, April 1948 Palestinians escaping

1948 - 1949
The Nakba
(the disaster)
Obligated departure 87

The arrival point : in the desert

 The Zionists have destroyed about 520 palestinians villages and townships
The Nakba
(the disaster) and killed about 15,000 Palestinians. For Palestinians this is the Nakba.

Year 2000 : « Look, my house was there » 88

 The refugees
camps in
1948-1949

1948-1949
Dopo il ’67, tanti profughi del
’48 sono stati scacciati
verso nuovi campi di cui The first big wave of Palestinian
molti all’estero refugees: about 800’000.
Mar Elias For the Palestinians this is the NAKBA
(the desaster)
89
Mediterranean
Sea
60’000 of them had
already lost
everything the first
time between 1920
and 1948

At the same time

hundreds of
thousand of Jews
moved to Israel
from other Arab
countries

The
exodus
routes
Fawwar camp

1948
The
Palestinian
refugee
camps
90

Balata camp, 1950, West Bank

Camp in Syria, 1948

Palestinian refugee camp 91
1952 Nahr El-Bared (Tripoli) / Lebanon : the first Palestinian refugee camp
92
 The map of
the armistice

Israel won the

war

1949
Negotiation
January - July
In Rhodes the negotiations between
the belligerents ended with the
« Armistices of Rhodes » 93

Signing of
the
armistice
between
Egypt and
Israel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodes_Armistice
Merditerranean
Sea

Armistice line
(green line)

Palestina
June 1949
Situation
at the end of the
first Arab-Israel war Israel
(Armistices of Rhodes)

Jewish state
Arab state
Illegally occupied land
by the Zionist before und after the 94
May 14th 1948
 Israel was permitted to join the United
Nations on three conditions:
1 - The Status of Jerusalem would not be altered
(Israel modified it by annexing Jerusalem and making it its capital).

2 - The Palestinians would be permitted to return.

3 - The partition agreement would become the
final borders (instead Israel occupied large areas assigned to
the Arab state).

With the admission to the United Nations

(resolution 273 of the General Assembly of 11
May 1949) Israel committed itself to respect
also the resolution 194 which sanctions the
right of return of the Palestinian refugees.
However, contrary to what he promised,
Israel did everything to prevent the return of
Palestinian refugees and to confiscate their
property.

95
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_273
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194
 Al Ramla – Zionist militias
round up Palestinian men

In contrast with UN Resolution 194 and

242, Israel forbids and prevents the re-
entry of most of the refugees.
Refugees who secretly try to re-entry
are arrested und often killed

Al Ramla - July 1948

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Palestinian_exodus_from_Lydda_and_Ramle 96
 Operation
Magic Operation
carpet Solomon
colour:
the Israelis
transfer
Jews
from
Ethiopia
to Israel

1949 The Israelis are transfering

Jews from Jemen to Israel

The Jewish
immigration to
Palestine / Israel

In 1949 and in the

following years a lot of
Jews emigrated to Israel
from Arab countries.

97
1985
Arrival of
the falascià Ethiopean
of Ethiopia Jew
Jewish immigrants are get possession of
the properties taken from Palestinians

98

1949
 1948 - 1949 The village of al-
Maliha - district of Jerusalem,
after expulsion of the
inhabitants (14 July 1948).
In the foreground, some Zionist
settlers looting Palestinians
homes.

Today the village of al-Maliha is

al-Maliha called Malha and is inhabited by
Palestine Zionist settlers.

Malha
Israel
The
minaret
remained.

99
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malha
1949 The UNO creates
the UNRWA, the UN
relief and work agency
for Palestine refugees.
The UNRWA officially starts its activity
on June the 1st 1950
100
The village Hittin in 1930 Only the minaret of Hittin is left

The destruction of
Palestinian villages
continues

Church of the Christian Palestinian village

Iqrit (on the border with Lebanon).
The village was destroyed by the Israelis
on Christmas day in 1951.
101
 The Egyptians
blocked the
Suez Canal.

November 5, 1956 - British commandos attack Port Said.

November 1956
102
The UK, France and Israel
attack Nasser’s Egypt, for
having nationalized the Suez canal.

The
President
Gamal
Nasser
 Yasser Arafat
(charismatic Palestinian leader)

Born on August 24th 1929 in Cairo

1948 : he founds the Fatah, organisation of the
Palestinian resistance
1956 : the Fatah took part to the war operations
1968 : battle of Karamé (Jordan)
1969 : elected president of the PLO, roof organisation of
the Palestinian resistance groups. The PLO confirmes
itself as the representative of the Palestinian people
1974, November 13th, speech at the UNO
1988 : elected president of Palestine
1988 speech at the UNO (in Geneva because the USA
denied him the entrance visa)
1993 In the White house (USA) he signes the peace
treaty with Israel
1994 Nobel price for peace
2004, November, death in Paris
He is one of the very few hight Palestinian leaders who was
not assassineted by the Israelis (probably he was
poisoned), even if they confined him for many years in
his general quarter in Ramallah.
103
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_fedayeen

1950 - 1970 The Palestinian resistance . 104

For Israel it is «terrorism».
 Members of barbaric Unit 101

Israel answers to the attacks of

the Palestinian guerrilla by 105
bloody retaliation acts.
Photo : the massacre of Qibya - Jordan executed
the 14-15 October 1953 by the Israeli commando
Unit 101 led by Ariel Sharon

The houses of Qibya were blown up during the night even

if they were inhabiteded. About 70 people were killed.
 1967
The
Six
Days’
War
Israel drives back with anticipation the attack of the Arab
States and occupies the Sinaï, the West Bank with East
Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip and part of the Golan Heights.
Many Palestinians are expelled by the Israelis and have
to escape to Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and other countries.

Nasser’s
dream

106

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_day_war
1967 General Dayan looks at the destruction works of the arab quarter al-Mugariba in East Jerusalem
just conquered by his troups. All this to create a square in front of the Wailing Wall.
107
1967
The Israelis expel the inhabitants of the Palestinian village
of Emmaus (Imwas , district of al-Ramla).
The village will be destroyed and the place will become a
park reserved for the Israelis. 108
 Column of
Palestinian
refugees

1967
Second
great wave
of Palestinian
refugees (NAKSA)

Photo : escaping to Jordan, Palestinian

refugees have to abandon everything and
cross the Jordan river on the half destroyed
Allenby bridge. For many of them this is the
third exodus and the third time they
have lost everything. 109
 By resolution 242 of
November 22, 1967 the UNO orders
Israel to withdraw from the militarily
conquered territories (conquering and
occupying other peopel’s territories by
force is contrary to the UN Charta)

In response, Israel starts a campaign of

confiscation of Palestinian land and
colonization of Palestinian and Syrian
territories occupied after the 1967 war.
Furthermore in the Palestinian territories
Israel exerts a strong repression.
In the UN Security Council the USA syste-
matically uses their veto right to inhibit
every resolution unfavorable to Israel.

110
Golan
Colonisation of the
occupied territories

July 1967
The Israeli Allon plan
For the confiscation/colonisation
of the occupied territories and
ghettoing of Palestinians.

Territories In spite of the UN resolutions, in

that Israel the following decades Israel will
wants to exactly implement the Allon plan.
control by
the Allon
plan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allon_Plan 111
 5 6
7

COLONISATION
8

The sequence of the

construction of the
3 settlements in the
occupied territories
Zionism is a form of
settlement colonialism.

1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_outpost 9

112
The Israeli settlement of Ariel dominate Mirda und Salfit 113
 Settlements and settlers in the West Bank

Colonisation: After 1985 in the West Bank, the number of settlements did not
increase but their expansion accelerated with more immigrants.
114
The new quarters of East Jerusalem
for new Jewish immigrants.

COLONISATION
West Jerusalem is.. .
…expanding eastwards.

Palestinians are excluded. 115

 PEDESTRIAN
PASSAGE FOR
THE
PALESTINIANS

116

Closed road in Abu Dis, East Jerusalem

 The roads reserved
to Israeli settlers
The Palestinian
occupied territories are
cut into small pieces
by uncrossable and
supervised roads that 117
connect Israeli
settlements. Dark orange :Palest. villages/town
Orange : terrritory controled by Israel
These roads are built
Blue : Israeli settlements
on Palestinian land. Doble line : Reserved road
Green line : Armistice 1949
Small road and small underpass
for Palestinians

118
Highway (on palestinian land)
reserved to Israelis

Highway 4370 in
Jerusalem: Israeli
settlers on the right,
Palestinians on the left.
 Golda Meir

The Egyptian
1973 president
Anwar El Sadat
Yom Kippur war.
119
Egypt retrieves
a part of the Sinai. Km 101
The UN imposes an
armistice at Km 101.

At the same time Israel

repulses a Syrian
offensive and occupies
the Syrian Golan heights.

January 1974
The Egyptian general
Gamas after having
negotiated an armistice
at Km 101 on the Sinai
1978 Israel gives back (nearly all) the Sinai to Egypt Photo : Sadat,
120
in exchange of peace and mutual acknowledgment Carter, Begin
 1985 - 2000
Israel occupies until the
year 2000 a « security
strip » along the
Southern border of
Lebanon, on Lebanese
territory.
M.Begin 1982-1985
Prime
Minister Invasion of Lebanon
of Israel
The Israeli forces invade
Lebanon in 1982 killing over
A.Sharon 20,000 Lebanese and
Defense
Minister Palestinian civilians. They
of Israel leave in 1985 after haveing
caused huge destructions and
pillages.
Y.Arafat on the 121
way to Tunis

1982 1982 - 1985

Yasser In Beirut the
Arafat Israeli forces
and PLO systemati-
militiamen cally bomb
leave the quarters
Lebanon inhabited by
under UN Palestinian
protection. refugees
1982 Beirut
Massacre in the
Palestinians refuges
camps of Sabra and
Chatila
From 16 to 18 September, under
the supervision of the Israeli
army, the Christian militias
massacre approximately 3500
Palestinian civilians. A. Sharon
Israeli Defense Minister is held
responsible for this massacre.
122
1993
Oslo Agreements
and following
developments

123
The peace agreement
has been sponsored by
the American president
B.Clinton

1994 : Peace between

Israel and Jordan

The peace agreements made the common exploitation

of the water resources along the border possible.

124
1987 - 1993 First intifada

September 28th 2000

Sharon visites provocatively
the Esplanade of the mosques.

September 30th 2000

Israel represses in the blood
Palestinian protest.
It’s the start of the second Intifada :
the resistance to the Israeli occupation.
«The peace agreements of
Oslo are death» (Sharon said).
125
 Intifada
Since its beginning (Sept. 2000) the Israelis
killed about 4000 Palestinians and injured
about 30’000. About 1000 Israelis died and
about 3000 were injured. Damage and
destruction caused by the Israelis were
enormous, the damages caused by the
Palestinians were limited. 126
Sheikh Ahmad Yasin, spiritual
guide of the resistance organi-
sation Hamas, was killed by
Palestinian funeral the Israelis in Gaza in 2004

Rafah 2004 : the

Palestinian victims
 Résistence

Intifada

Les attentats suicide

12
7
Israeli and Palestinian Children Killed Israeli and Palestinian Killed
September 2000 – End 2014 September 2000 – End 2014

Demolitions of Israeli and Palestinian Homes

Israeli and Palestinian Injured
1967– End 2014
September 2000 – End 2014

128
http://www.ifamericansknew.org/
2001

Sharon’s proposal

129
 With the excuse of freeing two

2006 : Lebanon war soldners kidnapped by Hezbollah

and of stopping the launch of
Katiusha missiles, Israel invades
and bombs Lebanon heavily, kills
1100 people and causes immense
destruction.

15’000
apartments
destroyed
A present from Israeli children to
Lebanese children

140 bridges destroyed

130
 White phosphorus victims, Gaza.

Napalm victim, 1967

Israel used illegal mass
26.3.1969
Ein Hazzar,
destruction weapons:
Jordan
Biological weapons, Acre, 1948
Napalm, since 1967
Cluster bombs, Lebanon
1980-82 and 2000-06
White phosphorus, Gaza, 2009
Nuclear bombs, when?
Napalm

White phosphorus, Gaza, 2009 Cluster bomb victim, Lebanon.

131
 =?

We will win

Occupation 132

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 Betlehem A boy challanges the
curfew in Ramallah 133

THE CURFEW
lasts for days
and even
weeks

Naplouse
Curfew in
Betlehem

Curfew Curfew
in Jenin in Hebron
 134

The
difficult
way to
school.

OCCUPATION
 Damaged
preschool
buildings
The Israelis prevent Palestinian teachers
The school of Abu Nowar
was destroyed by the
from attending their work in schools
Israelis in February 2018
OCCUPATION
The Israelis prevent
Palestinians from receiving
an adequate education.
16.03.2004 Palestinian
school destroyd in Gaza
Scholars
withholdings

The Israelis
prevent
students of
Birzeit
university
from going
to school
135
The primary school is closed Occupation
The occupants close down
Palestinian schools
The doors
of the
polytechnical
university
have been
welded shut

The equipment of the laboratory is missing

136
 Mohammed
Qasem
137
OCCUPATION is half
paralized
With great perfidy the
Israelis target at the head in
order to cause infirmity
The skull of
Mohammed
 138

Israel has
confined
the
Palestinians
in two
small areas
(+ Gaza)
complete
encircled
by a wall.
The wall ? It’s only a defence
139
against ……terrorism!
 Qalandya, november 2014

Look..! 140
 The Palestinian town of Qalqilya
(40' 000 inhabitants) is completely locked up.
141

THE WALL

Water can
not flow out
The separation

142
 Nablus

The Israeli checkpoints 143

humiliate and dehumanize the Palestinians
 Hebron, West Bank,
December 29th, 2001 144
The Israeli road closures
 Walaja, Dec. 2013

To strangle the Palestinian economy, the Israelis have established some 500 roadblocks in the occupied Palestine.

Nahhalin, Jan 2014

Dharariya May 2007. After 1 hour the Israelis have

restored the block and arrested 8 Palestinians. . 145
Thousands of
Palestinians,
even minor,
are in prison
in Israel
146
Arrest The Israelis arrest and imprison Palestinians for futile reasons; torture is usual. 147
Prison of Ramle
 Ketsiot detention camp - Negev

November 5th 2006

The Israelis deport all 16 to 60
year old mens of Beith Hanun
(Gaza) and shut them up with
many other Palestinians in a
detention camp in the Negev
November 6th 2006 : the Israelis
Salem fire on women protesting in
detention camp Beith Hanun

Hewara
detention camp
Al Moskbyia THE DEPORTATION OF THE PALESTINIANS 148
detention camp
The Israeli
military
destruction
squadrons
Since 1967 the Israeli
military engineering corps
demolished about 27’000
Palestinian houses (every
day an average 2 structures).
They also destroyed many
cultivations as well as public
and private Palestinian
infrastructures. 149
Rafah
 The inhabitants have to watch the destruction of their house.

14.04.2008 Destruction of a Palestinian house near to Jerusalem. The house is

demolished down to the foundations. Since 1967 the Israelis destroyed more than 27'000
Palestinian homes and several public buildings, infrastructure and cultivations.
150
The Israelis also destroy
151
big Palestinian buildings
152
Homeless palestinians 153
They found a new roof ! 154
 The Israelis
confiscate the
palestinian
land

April 2014, the Israelis confiscated 100 acres of private

land in the Palestinian village of al-Khader (Bethlehem)

State property 155

No entry
 Israel strangles the
Since 1995 in the West Bank
and in the Gaza Strip the
Palestinian economy
Israelis destroyed half of the
olive trees of the Palestinians
(about 120’000 trees)
156
 The Israelis destroy systematically the sources of livelihood of the Palestinians

Amnesty International charges: the destruction by the Israelis from agricultural land and the
irrigation system in the village of Al-Farisya - Jordan Valley - 10 Mars 2008
157
 Destroyed Destruction of the
Destruction of the market shops in Gaza Israel
in Hebron 31.1.03 Rafah zoo
strangles the 158
palestinian
Destruction of the market
economy of Nazlat’Isa WB 21.08.03
The police
barracks of
Kahn Yunis -
Gaza

Israel
destroys
the
Palestinian
police

Palestinian police officers killed

by the Israelis in their barracks

The police
barrack of
Hebron was
destroyed on
29. 06.2002

159
The Israeli settlement is green ,
but no wather for the Bédouins

The
destruction
of the
Bedouin
villages in
the Negev

160
 Israeli farmers settle in
the Jordan valley.
Bedouins have to
abandon everything and
leave. Their destiny is
uncertain.

161

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_Valley_(Middle_East)
The
Gaza
Strip
Approximately
360 Km2
Approximately
1‘800'000
inhabitants (2014).
Completely
besieged and
isolated since the
year 2000.
In the year 2005
the15'000 Israeli
settlers were moved
and re-settled in
other occupied
Palestinian
territories. 162
Overpopulation:
Gaza Strip: “a sea of concrete”
1’800’000 inhabitants on 360 km2

163
The theatrical resistance of the last
Israeli settlers of the Gaza Strip After 38 yars the Israelis withdrew from the Gaza Strip
164
Ougst 2005 leaving only rubble, pollution and the synagogues.
The
Palestinians
destroys the
synagogues
Mosque of Al-Mughraqa near the
old settlement “Netzarim” in the
South of Gaza city, destroyed by
the Israelis

Gaza, demolitions executed

by the Israelis along the
borderwall to create a 200 m
large « security strip » along
this wall, on Palestinian land.

The Gaza Strip is now

a big open air prison

165
 Here, to form this security strip named "Corridor
of Philadelphia" along the Egyptian border, the
Israelis destroyed a part of the city of Rafah.

Egypt

Rafah

Corridor of Philadelphia

Rafah – Gaza Strip

From the beginning of the 2nd Intifada (Sept. 2000)
until the Israeli withdrawal (Aug. 2005):
- 3000 houses destroyed (a 400 m wide strip was
“smoothed” along the Egyptian border)
- 700 Factories destroyed (some payed by the
European Community)
- 6 mosques dstroyed
- 433 people killed (151 children)
166
 Fisher’s boats in the Gaza harbour

Gaza, yard of the marine port: Israel strangles The Israelis obstruct or limit the exit to the
paid by Europe but half destroyed and the Palestinian sea for Palestinian fishing boats in Gaza
rendered unfit for use by the Israelis economy

Most of the
time the
marine
activity
of the
Palestinians
is paralyzed.

167
 Before

Israel strangles the Palestinian economy

Gaza: once there was a airport

The airport of Gaza/Rafah destroyed by the Israelis 168

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Airport
 Gaza 2009: Israel used
Israel bombs the Gaza Strip the white phosphor
(targeting civilian targets and also using forbidden weapons): bombs, forbidden by
international agreements,
2009 : 1500 Palestinian dead (1/3 were children), 5000 seriously in populated zones
wounded and damage costing $ 2 billion.
2012 : 161 Palestinian dead, enormous damages
2014 : 2100 Palestinian dead (1/4 were children), 8000 seriously
wounded and damage costing $ 5 billion.

169
Gaza 2009: Israel used in lived areas the white phosphor
170
bombs forbidden by the international agreements
The reality : Palestinian loss of land 1946 - 2014 171
The farce of peace talks serves to Israel to gain time
and consolidate the occupation

172
1929 Massacre of
Jews in Hebron

1948 :
massacre of
Deyr Yasine

1956 Massacre of
Palestinians in Hebron

Palestine : an endless Nablus

series of abuses, revenge,
attacks, reprisals, hold
ups and slaughter.

Nahalin
1954 173 Gaza 2004
Palestinians
have to leave
Becausae of the very difficult life conditions in
the occupied territories, every year more than
100’000 Palestinians leave their country
permanently.
174

Gaza, the
departure
The palestinian diaspora 175
 Palestine exists
because it resists.

I keep the keys of my house : one day I will return !

176
 The Israelis watch and/or hit
Palestinians with airplanes operated
by remote control

Israel’s army
disposes of
high-tech

177

Military Long
radio range
station missile
Nuclear research center Nahal Sorek

178 Dimona
Israel holds about
200 - 400 nuclear bombs
The Israeli
technician
who
revealed
the
existence
of Israeli
nuclear
weapons

Israeli submarine with Dimona

nuclear weapons

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_Israel
 Process
Eichmann

Exposure of a Visit to
bus in Berkeley Ausschwyz
California

The Israeli
179
propaganda
machine Commemo-
ration of the
Holocaust
Film Exodus Israeli students paid to promote Israel on social media

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasbara http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasbara
 Jewish immigration to Israel, 1948 - 2010

Aliyah
From USA
to the
occupied
territories
180
Bothers !

ISRAEL does’nt want 181

annoying witnesses
Journalists, get lost !

Pepper spray
More than a hundred NGOs are active in Palestine

The precious work of the NGOs

(non governmental Organizations)
182
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 Peace now

Many Jews do
not approve
the decisions
of the Israeli
government.
Naturei Karta

I am Jew, Israeli and Holocaust

survivor. I have not survived so that
my country can persecute people
like I have been persecuted.

183
The time bombs
in Palestine

184
 The water 185

There is enough water in Palestine, but

the Israelis convey good part of the
surface and soil water of the occupied
territories and Southern Lebanon to the
lake of Galilee, out of which it is then
distributed to the whole Israeli national
territory. Only a little water is left for
Palestinians. The Israelis then sell them
same water at a higher price.
Coming from The water Going to 186
 THE DEMOGRAPHIC BOMB

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Palestine 187
 x

John Ashcroft

188

USA helps Israel

For 50 years or more,
the USA conveys to
Israel more than 2 - 4
billion $ every year
in cash and arms.
 The power
1999 plant of
Lebanese Joumhour
power plant destryed
destryed by by the
the Israelis Israelis
on 8.2.2000

May 2001 The Israeli

artillery in action along the
border with Lebanon

Telecomuni- Syrian radar

cation station station
of Beirut shelled by
destroyed by Israel in
Israeli on 25
Israeli retaliation April 2000
June 1999 in Lebanon
Until when ?
Bridge in Sidone 189
destroyed by 16.2.2001
Israeli on 25 Israel
June 1999 May 2004 bombing
The Israeli « are blinding » Sothern
the UN observers in Lebanon Lebanon
with smoke bombs

1996
Israel bombs
The power the UN
plant of Palestinian
Baslim in refugee camp
Lebanon in Qana - Tyre
destryed by causing the
the israelis in dath of 100
may 2000 civilians
 Algeria Bahrain Comoros Djibouti Egypt Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Mauritania Morocco 190
Oman Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Somalia Sudan Syria Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen

Syria 1946

Abdulaziz-Roosevelt 1945
Roosevelt
promises to
King Abdulaziz
of Saudi Arabia
to ask him
before the
creation of a
Hebrew state

King Faisal of The Arabs, Arafat to the Arab league

The chiefs of the arabic states

Saudi Arabia
Arab League what will they do? Tunis 2004

I boicottaggi petroliferi anni ‘70

 The Israeli strategy:
until when will the
world believe it ?

DIPLOMATIC
LEVEL

GROUND
LEVEL

UNDERGROUND
191
LEVEL 1391
 Is the Zionism
a form of racism
or of colonialism?

Theodor Herzl : The state for the Jews

Will the UN
sentence
Israel?

192
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel,_Palestine,_and_the_United_Nations
 The world
does not
like Israel
Neturei Karta
193
?
Some of the great
unanswered questions…

194
- Two states or one multiethnical and
multireligious state?
With what border? What status for the two states?

- To whom does Jerusalem belong ?

Capital of which state? Shall the city be "divided" or to "internationalized" ?

- Do Palestinian refugees have the right

to return to their homes?
Who will be allowed to return? When? Where shall they go? Shall the properties seized by the
Zionists be returned or should compensation be paid?

- Who shall administer the holy places ?

The Occupying Power? The State? The Monastic communities? The UN?

195
- Shall Palestinians recognize the
Jewish character of Israel?

- Is Hamas a terrorist organization ?

- Shall the Gaza strip be isolated ?

To whom do the off shore natural gas reserves of the Gaza Strip belong?

196
- Are UN resolutions still valid?

- Are the Oslo agreements still valid?

- Shall international agreements etc. be

applied ?
The West Bank, the Gaza Strip, the Golan, etc. are these "occupied" territories or "contended“
territories? Will the settlers be removed ?

197
The conflict in Palestine is probably the longest conflict than those currently
in progress. (on the map are listed only the best known, for example, the one in Western Sahara, is not
mentioned . Some are already ended, some have already been concluded, for example the one in Sri Lanka)

198
 Short version
for the school

HISTORY OF PALESTINE

END