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Flow Calculations

The dynamic pressure in a fluid flow can be expressed as half the density of the fluid multiplied by the velocity squared. For water flow specifically, the head loss can be calculated by dividing the dynamic pressure by the specific weight of water, which simplifies to the velocity squared divided by two times the acceleration due to gravity. This allows straightforward calculation of water velocity from a measured head of water column using formulas provided for both metric and imperial units.

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Bhuwesh Pant
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61 views2 pages

Flow Calculations

The dynamic pressure in a fluid flow can be expressed as half the density of the fluid multiplied by the velocity squared. For water flow specifically, the head loss can be calculated by dividing the dynamic pressure by the specific weight of water, which simplifies to the velocity squared divided by two times the acceleration due to gravity. This allows straightforward calculation of water velocity from a measured head of water column using formulas provided for both metric and imperial units.

Uploaded by

Bhuwesh Pant
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The dynamic pressure in a fluid flow can be expressed as

pd = 1/2 ρf v2 (1)

where

pd = dynamic pressure in fluid (Pa, psf (lb/ft2))

ρf = density of fluid (kg/m3, lb/ft3)

v = fluid velocity (m/s, ft/s)

 1 Pa = 10-6 N/mm2 = 10-5 bar = 0.1020 kp/m2 = 1.02x10-4 m H2O = 9.869x10-6 atm =
1.45x10-4 psi (lbf/in2)
 1 psf (lbf/ft2) = 47.88 N/m2 (Pa) = 0.006944 lbf/in2 (psi)
Head loss as water column can be calculated by dividing the dynamic pressure with
the specific weight of water like

hw = pd / γw

= (1/2 ρf v2) / (ρw g)

= ρf v2 / (2 ρw g) (2)

where

hw = head water (m Water, ft Water)

γw = ρw g = specific weight water (9807 N/m3, 62.4 lbf/ft3)

where

ρw = density of water (1000 kg/m3, 1.940 slugs/ft3)

g = acceleration of gravity (9.81 m/s2, 32.174 ft/s2)

Water Flow
If the flowing fluid is water - then ρf = ρw , and (2) can be modified to

hw = v2/ 2 g (3)

Or simplified to

Metric Units
hw (m H2O) = 0.051 v2 (3b)

hw (mm H2O) = 51 v2 (3c)


where

v = velocity (m/s)

Imperial Units
hw (ft H2O) = 0.0155 vfps2 (3d)

hw (in H2O) = 0.186 vfps2 (3e)

where

vfps = velocity (ft/s)

or

hw (ft H2O) = 0.0155 (vfpm / 60)2 (3f)

hw (in H2O) = 0.186 (vfpm / 60)2 (3g)

where

vfpm = velocity (ft/min)

Water Flow - Head to Velocity Calculator


This calculator can be used to calculate water velocity in a pipe or water stream from a
measured head of water column. The dynamic pressure as head is typically measured with
a pitot tube

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