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Indian Seismic Code IS:1893-2002 (Part I)

January 2003

Solved Examples
Example 1:
Consider a four-storey reinforced concrete office building shown in Fig. 1. The building
is located in Shillong (seismic zone V). The soil conditions are medium stiff and the entire
building is supported on a raft foundation. The R. C. frames are infilled with brick-masonry. The
lumped weight due to dead loads is 12 kN sq .m on floors and 10 kN sq.m on the roof. The
floors are to cater for a live load of 4 kN sq.m on floors and 1.5 kN sq.m on the roof.
Determine design seismic load on the structure as per new code.

(1) (2) (3) (4)

(4) (5)
(A)
3 @ 5000

(B)

(C)

(D) x
4 @ 5000

PLAN

3200

3200

3200
Figure 1: Building configuration

4200

ELEVATION
Solution:
Design Parameters:
For seismic zone V, the zone factor Z is 0.36 (Table 2). Being an office building, the
importance factor, I, is 1.0 (Table 6). Building is required to be provided with moment resisting
frames detailed as per IS: 13920-1993 and hence the response reduction factor, R, is 5 (Table 7).

Seismic Weights:
The floor area is 1520=300 sq. m. Since the live load class is 4 kN sq.m , only 50% of
the live load is lumped at the floors (clause 7.3.1, Table 8). At roof, no live load is to be lumped.
Hence, the total seismic weight on the floors and the roof is:
Floors: W1 = W2 = W3 = 300(12+0.54) = 4,200 kN
Roof: W4 = 30010 = 3,000 kN

Total Seismic weight of the structure, W= Σ Wi= 34,200+3,000 = 15,600 kN

Fundamental Period:
Lateral load resistance is provided by moment resisting frames infilled with brick
masonry panels. Hence, approximate fundamental natural period obtained by clause 7.6.2.

EL in X-Direction:
T  0.09 h d  0.09 (13.8) 20  0.28 sec
Sa
The building is located on Type II (medium soil). From Fig. 2, for T=0.28 sec g = 2.5
As per cl. 6.4.2
ZI Sa 0.36 x1.0
Ah   g  2x5 x 2.5  0.09
2R
As per cl. 7.5.3

Design base shear VB  AhW  0.09 15,600  1,404kN

Force Distribution with Building Height:

The design base shear is to be distributed with height as per clause 7.7.1. Table 1 gives
the calculations. Fig. 2(a) shows the design seismic force in X-direction for the entire building.

TABLE 1: LATERAL LOAD DISTRIBUTION WITH HEIGHT BY THE STATIC

METHOD
Storey Wi hi Wi hi2 Wi hi2 Lateral Force at ith
 kN 
Level (m) ( 1000) Wi hi2 
Level for EL in
direction (kN)
X Y
4 3,000 13.8 571.3 0.424 596 596
3 4,200 10.6 471.9 0.350 491 491
2 4,200 7.4 230 0.171 240 240
1 4,200 4.2 74.1 0.055 77 77
 1,347.3 1,000 1,404 1,404
 EL in Y-Direction:
T  0.09 h d  0.09 (13.8) 15  0.32 sec .
Sa
g
= 2.5, Ah=0.09
Therefore, for this building the design seismic force in Y-direction in same as that in the X-
direction. Fig. 2 shows the design seismic force on the building in the Y-direction.

Figure 2: Design seismic force on the building for (a) X-direction, and (b) Y-direction, as per
new code.

Example 2:

For the building of Example 1, the dynamic properties (natural periods, and mode shapes)
for vibration in the X-direction have been obtained by carrying out a free vibration analysis
(Table 1). Obtain the design seismic force in the X-direction by the dynamic analysis method
outlined in cl. 7.8.4.5 and distribute it with building height.

TABLE 1: FREE VIBRATION PROPERTIES OF THE

BUILDING FOR VIBRATION IN THE X-DIRECTION
Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3
Natural Period (sec) 0.860 0.265 0.145
Mode Shape
Roof 1.000 1.000 1.000
3rd Floor 0.904 0.216 -0.831
2nd Floor 0.716 -0.701 -0.574
1st Floor 0.441 -0.921 1.016

Solution:
Table 2 illustrates the calculation of modal mass (clause 7.8.4.5 a) and modal participation factor
(clause 7.8.4.5 b).
 TABLE 2: CALCULATION OF MODEL MASS AND MODAL PARTICIPATION
FACTOR
Storey Weight
Level Wi  kN  Mode 1 Model 2 Mode 3
i
4 3,000 1.000 3,000 3,000 1.000 3,000 3,000 1.000 3,000 3,000
3 4,200 0.904 3,797 3,432 0.216 907 196 -0.831 -3,490 2,900
2 4,200 0.716 3,007 2,153 -0.701 -2,944 2,064 -0.574 -2,411 1,384
1 4,200 0.441 1,852 817 -0.921 -3,868 3,563 1.016 4,267 4,335
 15,600 11,656 9,402 -2,905 8,822 1,366 11,620

Mk 
 w   i ik
2 11,656 2
9,402 g

14,450kN
g
2,9052
8,822 g

957 kN
g
1,3662
11,620 g

161kN
g
g w  i
2
ik = 14,45,000kg =95,700kg = 16,100kg
% of Total weight 92.6% 6.1% 1.0%

Pk 
w  i ik
11,656  2,905 1,366
w  i
2
ik 9,402
 1.240
8,822
 0.329
11,620
 0.118

It is seen that the first mode excites 92.6% of the total mass. Hence, in this case, codal
requirements on number of modes to be considered such that at least 90% of the total mass is
excited, will be satisfied by considering the first mode of vibration only. However, for
illustration, solution to this example considers the first three modes of vibration.

The lateral load Qik acting at ith floor in the kth mode is (clause 7.8.4.5 c)

Qik  Ahk  ik Pk Wi

The value of Ahk for different modes is obtained from clause 6.4.2.
Mode 1
1.0
T1  0.860 sec; ( Sa / g )   1.16;
0.86
ZI 0.36  1
Ah1  ( Sa / g )   (1.16)  0.0418
2R 25
Qi1  0.0418  1.240  i1 Wi

Mode 2
Sa
T2  0.265 sec;  2. 5
g
ZI 0.36  1
Ah 2  ( Sa / g )   (2.5)  0.09
2R 25
Qi 2  0.09    0.329   i 2 Wi

Mode 3

Sa
T3  0.145 sec;  2.5
g
 ZI 0.36  1
Ah 3  ( Sa / g )   (2.5)  0.09
2R 25
Qi 3  0.09   0.118    i 3 Wi

Table 3 summarizes the calculation of lateral load at different floors in each mode.

TABLE 3: LATERAL LOAD CALCULATION BY MODAL ANALYSIS METHOD (EARTHQUAKE

IN X-DIRECTION)
Floor Weight
Level Wi Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3
i  kN   i1 Q i1 V i1  i2 Q i2 V i2  i3 Q i3 V i 13
4 3,000 1.000 155.5 1.000 -88.8 1.000 31.9
155.5 -88.8 31.9
3 4,200 0.904 196.8 0.216 -26.8 -0.831 -37.1
352.3 -115.6 -5.2
2 4,200 0.716 155.9 -0.701 87.2 -0.574 -25.6
508.2 -28.4 -30.8
1 4,200 0.441 96.0 -0.921 114.6 1.016 45.4
604.2 86.2 14.6

Since all of the modes are well separated (clause 3.2), the contribution of different modes is
combined by the SRSS (square root of the sum of the square) method (clause 7.8.4.4a)

V4 = (155.52+88.82+31.92)1/2 = 182 kN
V3 = (352.32+115.62+5.22)1/2 = 371 kN
V2 = (508.22+28.42+30.82)1/2 = 510 kN
V1 = (604.22+86.22+14.62)1/2 =610 kN

The externally applied design loads are then obtained as (Cl. 7.8.4.5f):

Q4 = V4 = 182 kN
Q3 = V3 - V4 = 371 – 182 = 189 kN
Q2 = V2 – V3 = 510 – 371 = 139 kN
Q1 = V1 – V2 = 610 – 510 = 100 kN

Cl. 7.8.2 requires that the base shear obtained by dynamic analysis (V B = 610 kN) be compared
with that obtained from empirical fundamental period as per Cl. 7.6. If VB is less than that from
empirical value, the response quantities are to be scaled up.

We may interpret “base shear calculated using a fundamental period as per 7.6” in two ways:

1. We calculate base shear as per Cl. 7.5.3. This was done in the previous example for the same
building and we found the base shear as 1,404 kN. Now, dynamic analysis gives us base shear of
610 kN which is lower. Hence, all the response quantities are to be scaled up in the ratio
(1,404/610 = 2.30). Thus, the seismic forces obtained above by dynamic analysis should be
scaled up as follows:

Q4 = 182 x 2.30 = 419 kN

Q3 = 189 x 2.30 = 435 kN
 Q2 = 139 x 2.30 = 320 kN
Q1 = 100 x 2.30 = 230 kN

2. We may also interpret this clause to mean that we redo the dynamic analysis but replace the
fundamental time period value by Ta (= 0.28 sec). In that case, for mode 1:

T1  0.28 sec; ( Sa / g )  2.5;

ZI 0.36  1
Ah1  ( Sa / g )   ( 2.50)  0.09
2R 25

Now, base shear in first mode of vibration = modal mass times Ah1
= 14,450 x 0.09 = 1,300 kN
Base shear in modes 2 and 3 is as calculated earlier: 86.2 kN and 14.6 kN, respectively.

Total base shear by SRSS = 1300 2  86.2 2  14.6 2 = 1,303 kN

Notice that most of the base shear is contributed by first mode only. In this interpretation of Cl
7.8.2, we need to scale up the values of response quantities in the ratio (1,303/610 = 2.14). For
instance, the external seismic forces at floor levels will now be:

Q4 = 182 x 2.14 = 389 kN

Q3 = 189 x 2.14 = 404 kN
Q2 = 139 x 2.14 = 297 kN
Q1 = 100 x 2.14 = 214 kN

Clearly, the second interpretation gives about 10% lower forces. We could make either
interpretation. Herein we will proceed with the values from the second interpretation and
compare the design values with those obtained in Example 1 as per static analysis:

Floor Level Q (static) Q (dynamic, scaled) V (static) V (dynamic, scaled)

4 596 kN 389 kN
596 kN 389 kN
3 491 kN 404 kN
1,087 kN 793 kN
2 240 kN 297 kN
1,327 kN 1,090 kN
1 77 kN 214 kN
1,404 kN 1,304 kN

Notice that even though the base shear by the static and the dynamic analyses are comparable,
there is considerable difference in the lateral load distribution with building height.