Sequence and Series-Jeemain - Guru PDF
Sequence and Series-Jeemain - Guru PDF
GURU
JEE-Mathematics
x x2 x3 x 4
, , , , ......
1! 2 ! 3 ! 4 !
A finite sequence has a finite (i.e. limited) number of terms, as in the first example above. An infinite sequence
has an unlimited number of terms, i.e. there is no last term, as in the second and third examples.
Series :
The indicated sum of the terms of a sequence. In the case of a finite sequence a1, a2, a3,................,an the
n
Illustration 1 :
If (x + 1), 3x and (4x + 2) are first three terms of an A.P. then its 5th term is -
(A) 14 (B) 19 (C) 24 (D) 28
Solution :
(x + 1), 3x, (4x + 2) are in AP
3x – (x + 1) = (4x + 2) – 3x x = 3
a = 4, d = 9 – 4 = 5 T5 = 4 + 4(5) = 24 Ans. (C)
Illustration 2 :
The sum of first four terms of an A.P. is 56 and the sum of it's last four terms is 112. If its first term is 11 then
find the number of terms in the A.P.
E 1
JEEMAIN.GURU
JEE-Mathematics
Solution :
a + a + d + a + 2d + a + 3d = 56
4a + 6d = 56
44 + 6d = 56 (as a = 11)
6d = 12 hence d = 2
Now sum of last four terms.
a + (n – 1)d + a + (n – 2)d + a + (n – 3)d + a + (n – 4)d = 112
4a + (4n – 10)d = 112 44 + (4n – 10)2 = 112
4n – 10 = 34
n = 11 Ans.
Illustration 3 :
7n 1
The sum of first n terms of two A.Ps. are in ratio . Find the ratio of their 11thh terms.
4n 27
Solution :
Let a1 and a2 be the first terms and d1 and d2 be the common differences of two A.P.s respectively then
n n 1
[2a 1 (n 1)d 1 ] a1 d
2 7n 1 2 1 7n 1
n 4n 27 n 1 4n 27
[2a 2 (n 1)d 2 ] a2 d
2 2 2
For ratio of 11th terms
n 1
10 n = 21
2
7(21) 1 148 4
so ratio of 11th terms is Ans.
4(21) 27 111 3
Do yourself - 1 :
2n 3 ( 1) n
(i) Write down the sequence whose nth terms is : (a) (b)
n 3n
(ii) For an A.P, show that tm + t2n + m = 2tm + n
(iii) If the sum of p terms of an A.P. is q and the sum of its q terms is p, then find the sum of its (p + q) term.
NODE6\E\Data\2014\Kota\JEE-Advanced\SMP\Maths\Unit#07\Eng\01(a)-Sequence-series (Theory).p65
3. PROPERTIES OF A.P. :
(a) If each term of an A.P. is increased, decreased, multiplied or divided by the same nonzero number, then
the resulting sequence is also an A.P.
(b) Three numbers in A.P. : a – d, a, a + d
Four numbers in A.P. : a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d
Five numbers in A.P. : a – 2d, a – d, a, a + d, a + 2d
Six numbers in A.P. : a – 5d, a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d, a + 5d etc.
(c) The common difference can be zero, positive or negative.
(d) kth term from the last = (n – k +1)th term from the beginning.
(e) The sum of the two terms of an AP equidistant from the beginning & end is constant and equal to the
sum of first & last terms. Tk + Tn–k+1 = constant = a + .
(f) Any term of an AP (except the first ) is equal to half the sum of terms which are equidistant from it.
a n 1 / 2 (a n k a n k ), k < n
2
E
JEEMAIN.GURU
JEE-Mathematics
Illustration 4 :
Four numbers are in A.P. If their sum is 20 and the sum of their squares is 120, then the middle terms are -
(A) 2, 4 (B) 4, 6 (C) 6, 8 (D) 8, 10
Solution :
Let the numbers are a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d
given, a – 3d + a – d + a + d + a + 3d = 20 4a = 20 a = 5
and (a – 3d)2 + (a – d)2 + (a + d)2 + (a + 3d)2 = 120 4a 2 + 20d 2 = 120
4 × 52 + 20d2 = 120 d2 = 1 d = ± 1
Hence numbers are 2, 4, 6, 8 Ans. (B)
Illustration 5 :
Four different integers form an increasing A.P. One of these numbers is equal to the sum of the squares of the
other three numbers. Find the numbers.
Solution :
Let the numbers be a – d, a, a + d, a + 2d, where a, d I, d > 0
according to the question; (a – d)2 + a2 + (a + d)2 = a + 2d
i.e., 2d2 – 2d + 3a2 – a = 0
1
d = [1 ± (1 2a 6a 2 ) ]
2
a 1 1 7 1 7
1 + 2a – 6a2 > 0 a2 – 0 a a 0
3 6 6 6
1 7 1 7
a
6 6
a I
a = 0
1
then d = [1 ± 1] = 1 or 0. Since, d > 0 d = 1
2
NODE6\E\Data\2014\Kota\JEE-Advanced\SMP\Maths\Unit#07\Eng\01(a)-Sequence-series (Theory).p65
Illustration 6 :
If a1, a2, a3,...........,an are in A.P. where ai > 0 for all i, show that :
1 1 1 (n 1)
......
a1 a 2 a2 a3 a n 1 a n a1 a n
Solution :
1 1 1
L.H.S. = ......
a1 a2 a2 a3 a n 1 a n
1 1 1
= ......
a 2 a1 a3 a2 a n a n 1
a 2 a1 a3 a2 a n a n 1
= ......
a 2 a1 a 3 a2 a n a n 1
E 3
JEEMAIN.GURU
JEE-Mathematics
Let 'd' is the common difference of this A.P.
then a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = ....... = an – an–1 = d
No w L.H.S.
1 1
=
d
a 2 a 1 a 3 a 2 ...... a n 1 a n 2 a n a n 1 = d
a n a1
a n a1 a 1 (n 1)d a 1 1 (n 1)d n 1
= = = = R.H.S.
a n a1
d a n a1 d a n a1 d ( a n a1 )
Do yourself - 2 :
(i) Find the sum of first 24 terms of the A.P. a1, a2, a3......, if it is know that a1 + a5 + a10 + a15 + a20 + a24
= 225.
(ii) Find the number of terms common to the two A.P.'s 3, 7, 11, ...... 407 and 2, 9, 16, ......, 709
G.P. is a sequence of non zero numbers each of the succeeding term is equal to the preceeding term multiplied
by a constant. Thus in a GP the ratio of successive terms is constant. This constant factor is called the COMMON
RATIO of the sequence & is obtained by dividing any term by the immediately previous term. Therefore a, ar,
ar2, ar3, ar4 , .......... is a GP with 'a' as the first term & 'r' as common ratio.
a
(c) Sum of infinite G.P. , S ; 0 r 1
1r
5. PROPERTIES OF GP :
(a) If each term of a G.P. be multiplied or divided by the some non-zero quantity, then the resulting sequence
NODE6\E\Data\2014\Kota\JEE-Advanced\SMP\Maths\Unit#07\Eng\01(a)-Sequence-series (Theory).p65
is also a G.P.
(b) Three consecutive terms of a GP : a/r, a, ar ;
Four consecutive terms of a GP :a/r3, a/r, ar, ar3 & so on.
(c) If a, b, c are in G.P. then b2 =ac.
(d) If in a G.P, the product of two terms which are equidistant from the first and the last term, is constant
and is equal to the product of first and last term. Tk. Tn–k+1 = constant = a.
(e) If each term of a G.P. be raised to the same power, then resulting sequence is also a G.P.
(f) In a G.P., Tr2 = Tr–k. Tr+k, k < r, r 1
(g) If the terms of a given G.P. are chosen at regular intervals, then the new sequence is also a G.P.
(h) If a1, a2, a3.....an is a G.P. of positive terms, then log a1, log a2,.....log an is an A.P. and vice-versa.
a1 a 2 a 3
(i) If a1, a2, a3..... and b1, b2, b3..... are two G.P.'s then a1b 1, a2b2, a3b 3..... & , , .......... is also in
n
b1 b 2 b 3
G.P.
4
E
JEEMAIN.GURU
JEE-Mathematics
Illustration 7 :
If a, b, c, d and p are distinct real numbers such that
a 2
b 2 c 2 p 2 2p ab bc cd b 2 c 2 d 2 0 then a, b, c, d are in
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) none of these
Solution :
Here, the given condition a 2 b 2 c 2 p 2 2p ab bc ca b 2 c 2 d 2 0
2 2 2
ap b bp c cp d 0
a square can not be negative
b c d
ap b 0, bp c 0, cp d 0 p a, b, c, d are in G.P.. Ans. (B)
a b c
Illustration 8 :
If a, b, c are in G.P., then the equations ax 2 2bx c 0 and dx 2 2ex f 0 have a common root if
d e f
, , are in -
a b c
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) none of these
Solution :
a, b, c are in G.P b 2 ac
Let the three digits be a, ar and ar2 then number is
100a + 10ar + ar 2 ....(i)
2
Given, a + ar = 2ar +1
or a(r2 – 2r + 1) = 1
or a(r – 1)2 = 1 ....(ii)
2
Also given a + ar = (ar + ar2)
3
3 + 3r = 2r + 2r2 2r2 – r – 3 = 0 (r + 1)(2r – 3) = 0
r = –1, 3/2
1 1
for r = –1, a = I r –1
(r 1) 2 4
1
for r = 3/2, a = 2
4 {from (ii)}
3
1
2
3 9
From (i), number is 400 + 10.4. 4. 469 Ans.
2 4
E 5
JEEMAIN.GURU
JEE-Mathematics
Illustration 10 :
Find the value of 0.32 58
Solution :
58 1
.32 4
10 1
1
100
Do yourself - 3 :
(i) Find a three digit number whose consecutive digits form a G.P. If we subtract 792 from this number,
we get a number consisting of the same digits written in the reverse order. Now, if we increase the
second digit of the required number by 2, then the resulting digits will form an A.P.
(ii) If the third term of G.P. is 4, then find the product of first five terms.
(iii) If a, b, c are re spect ively the p th , q th and r th terms of the given G.P., then show that
(q – r) log a + (r – p) log b + (p – q)log c = 0, where a, b, c > 0.
(iv) Find three numbers in G.P., whose sum is 52 and the sum of whose products in pairs is 624.
(v) The rational number which equals the number 2.357 with recurring decimal is -
NODE6\E\Data\2014\Kota\JEE-Advanced\SMP\Maths\Unit#07\Eng\01(a)-Sequence-series (Theory).p65
(A) (B) (C) (D)
999 997 333 1001
2ac a a b
(i) If a, b, c are in HP, then b or
ac c b c
Illustration 11 :
1 1 1 1
If 0, prove that a, b, c are in H.P, or b = a + c
a c ab cb
6
E
JEEMAIN.GURU
JEE-Mathematics
Solution :
1 1 1 1
We have 0,
a c ab cb
Illustration 12 :
1
The sum of three numbers are in H.P. is 37 and the sum of their reciprocals is . Find the numbers.
4
Solution :
Three numbers are in H.P. can be taken as
1 1 1
, ,
ad a ad
1 1 1
then = 37 ........(i)
ad a ad
1 1
and a – d + a + a + d = a
4 12
NODE6\E\Data\2014\Kota\JEE-Advanced\SMP\Maths\Unit#07\Eng\01(a)-Sequence-series (Theory).p65
12 12 12 12
from (i), 12 37 25
1 12d 1 12d 1 12d 1 12d
24 24
25 1 144d 2
1 144d 2 25
1
d2 =
25 144
1
d
60
1 1 1 1 1 1
a – d, a, a + d are , , or , ,
15 12 10 10 12 15
Hence, three numbers in H.P. are 15, 12, 10 or 10, 12, 15 Ans.
Illustration 13 :
ax ay az
Suppose a is a fixed real number such that
px qy rz
If p, q, r are in A.P., then prove that x, y, z are in H.P.
E 7
JEEMAIN.GURU
JEE-Mathematics
Solution :
p, q, r are in A.P.
q – p = r – q ........ (i)
p – q = q – r = k (let)
a a
ax ay az 1 1 a 1
x y
given
px qy rz
z
p q r
a a a a
1 1 1 1
x y y z (by law of proportion)
pq q r
a a a a
x y y z
{from (i)}
k k
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
a a
x y y z x y y z
2 1 1
y x z
1 1 1
, , are in A.P..
x y z
Hence x, y, z are in H.P.
Do yourself - 4 :
(i) If the 7th term of a H.P. is 8 and the 8th term is 7. Then find the 28th term.
(ii) In a H.P., if 5th term is 6 and 3rd term is 10. Find the 2nd term.
qr r p pq
(iii) If the pth, qth and rth terms of a H.P. are a,b,c respectively, then prove that 0.
a b c
7. MEANS
(a) ARITHMETIC MEAN :
If three terms are in A.P. then the middle term is called the A.M. between the other two, so if a, b, c are
ac
in A.P., b is A.M. of a & c. So A.M. of a and c = b.
NODE6\E\Data\2014\Kota\JEE-Advanced\SMP\Maths\Unit#07\Eng\01(a)-Sequence-series (Theory).p65
2
n-ARITHMETIC MEANS BETWEEN TWO NUMBERS :
If a,b be any two given numbers & a, A1, A2, .........., An, b are in AP, then A1, A2,........An are the 'n'
b a
A.M’s between a & b then. A1 = a + d , A2 = a + 2d ,......, An= a + nd or b – d, where d
n 1
b a 2(b a)
A 1 a , A 2 a ,.......
n 1 n 1
Note : Sum of n A.M's inserted between a & b is equal to n times the single A.M. between a & b
n
i.e. A
r 1
r nA where A is the single A.M. between a & b.
8
E
JEEMAIN.GURU
JEE-Mathematics
Note : The product of n G.Ms between a & b is equal to nth power of the single G.M. between a & b
n
n
i.e. G r ( G ) where G is the single G.M. between a & b
r 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
, , , ,.......... , A.P.
a H1 H 2 H 3 Hn b
1 1
1 1
+ (n + 1)D D = b a
b a n 1
1 1
1 1
= n b a
Hn a n 1
Important note :
(i) If A, G, H, are respectively A.M., G.M., H.M. between two positive number a & b then
(a) G2 = AH (A, G, H constitute a GP) (b) A G H (c) A = G = H a = b
(ii) Let a 1, a 2,........ ,a n be n positive real numbers, then we define their arithmetic mean (A), geometric
a 1 a 2 ..... a n
mean (G) and harmonic mean (H) as A =
n
n
G = (a1 a2...........an)1/n and H
1 1 1 1
a a a .... a
1 2 3 n
It can be shown that A G H. Moreover equality holds at either place if and only if a1 = a2 =......= an
Illustration 14 :
NODE6\E\Data\2014\Kota\JEE-Advanced\SMP\Maths\Unit#07\Eng\01(a)-Sequence-series (Theory).p65
If 2x3 + ax2 + bx + 4 = 0 (a and b are positive real numbers) has 3 real roots, then prove that a + b 6(21/3 + 41/3).
Solution :
Let be the roots of 2x3 + ax2 + bx + 4 = 0. Given that all the coefficients are positive, so all the roots will
be negative.
a
Let 1 = –, 2 = –, 3 = – 1 + 2 + 3 =
2
b
12 + 23 + 31=
2
12 3= 2
Applying AM GM, we have
1 2 3
( 1 2 3 )1 / 3 a 6 21 / 3
3
1 2 2 3 1 3
Also ( 1 2 3 ) 2 / 3 b 6 × 41/3
3
Therefore a + b 6(21/3 + 41/3).
E 9
JEEMAIN.GURU
JEE-Mathematics
Illustration 15 :
n
If ai > 0 i N such that a
i 1
i 1 , then prove that (1 + a1)(1 + a2)(1 + a3).....(1 + an) 2n
Solution :
Using A.M. G.M.
1 + a1 2 a 1
1 + a2 2 a 2
1 + an 2 a n (1 + a1)(1 + a2)........(1 + an) 2n(a1a2a3.....an)1/2
As a1a2a3.....an = 1
Hence (1 + a1)(1 + a2)..........(1 + an) 2n.
Illustration 16 :
1 1 a x by
If a, b, x, y are positive natural numbers such that 1 then prove that ab .
x y x y
Solution :
Consider the positive numbers ax, ax,.......y times and b y, b y,......x times
For all these numbers,
{a x a x ......y time} {b y b y ......x times} ya x xa y
AM = =
xy (x y)
1 xy
1
Do yourself - 5 :
an bn
NODE6\E\Data\2014\Kota\JEE-Advanced\SMP\Maths\Unit#07\Eng\01(a)-Sequence-series (Theory).p65
(i) If is the G.M. between a & b then find the value of 'n'.
a n 1 b n 1
1 1 1 1
(ii) If b is the harmonic mean between a and c, then prove that .
ba bc a c
a dr(1 r n 1 ) [a (n 1)d] r n
then S n , r 1
1r (1 r )2 1r
(b) SUM TO INFINITY :
a dr
If 0 r 1 & n , then Lim r n 0, S = +
n 1 – r (1 – r) 2
10
E
JEEMAIN.GURU
JEE-Mathematics
Illustration 17 :
Find the sum of series 4 – 9x + 16x2 – 25x3 + 36x4 – 49x5 + .........
Solution :
Let S = 4 – 9x + 16x2 – 25x3 + 36x4 – 49x5 + .........
– Sx = – 4x + 9x2 – 16x3 + 25x4 – 36x5 + ..........
On subtraction, we get
S(1 + x) = 4 – 5x + 7x2 – 9x3 + 11x4 – 13x5 +........
–S(1 + x)x = –4x + 5x2 – 7x3 + 9x4 – 11x5 +........
On subtraction, we get
S(1 + x)2 = 4 – x +2x2 – 2x3 + 2x4 – 2x5 +........
2x 2 4 3 x x2
= 4 – x + 2x2 (1 – x + x2 –..........) = 4 – x +
1x 1x
4 3 x x2
S = Ans.
1 x 3
Illustration 18 :
2 3
2n 1 2n 1 2n 1
Find the sum of series upto n terms 3 5 ......... .
2n 1 2n 1 2n 1
Solution :
For x 1, let
S = x + 3x2 + 5x3 + ....... + (2n – 3)xn –1 + (2n – 1)xn ....... (i)
xS = x2 + 3x3 + ....... + (2n – 5)xn –1 + (2n – 3)xn + (2n – 1)xn+1 ....... (ii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
2x 2 (1 x n 1 )
(1 – x)S = x +2x2 + 2x3 + ......... + 2xn – 1 + 2xn – (2n – 1)xn+1 = x + (2n 1)x n 1
1x
x
= [1 – x + 2x – 2xn – (2n – 1)xn + (2n – 1)xn+1]
1x
x
S = [(2n–1)xn+1 – (2n + 1)xn + 1 + x]
1 x 2
2 n
2n 1 2n 1 2n 1
Thus 3 ........ (2n 1)
2n 1
NODE6\E\Data\2014\Kota\JEE-Advanced\SMP\Maths\Unit#07\Eng\01(a)-Sequence-series (Theory).p65
2n 1 2n 1
2 n 1 n
2n 1 2n 1 2n 1 2n 1 2n 1 4n 2 1 4n
= (2n 1) (2n 1) 1 = . = n(2n + 1) Ans.
2n 1 2 2n 1 2n 1 2n 1 4 2n 1
Do yourself - 6 :
1 1
(i) Find sum to n terms of the series 3 5 7 ........
4 42
44
(ii) If the sum to the infinity of the series 3 + 5r + 7r2 + .......... is , then find the value of r..
9
1 1 44
(iii) If the sum to infinity of the series 3 3 d . 3 2d . 2
......... is then find d.
4 4 9
9. SIGMA NOTATIONS ( )
THEOREMS :
n n n n n n
(a) (a
r 1
r br ) a r br
r 1 r 1
(b) k a
r 1
r kar
r 1
(c) k nk ; where k is a constant.
r 1
E 11
JEEMAIN.GURU
JEE-Mathematics
10. R E S U LT S
n
n(n 1)
(a) r
r 1
2
(sum of the first n natural numbers)
n
2 n(n 1)(2n 1)
(b) r
r 1
6
(sum of the squares of the first n natural numbers)
2
n
n 2 (n 1) 2 n
(c) r3 4
r (sum of the cubes of the first n natural numbers)
r 1 r 1
n
4 n
(d) r (n 1)(2n 1)(3n 2 3n 1)
r 1 30
n
2
(e) (2r 1) n
r 1
(sum of first n odd natural numbers)
n
Note :
If nth term of a sequence is given by Tn = an3 + bn2 + cn + d where a, b, c, d are constants,
then sum of n terms Sn = Tn = an3 + bn2 + cn + d
This can be evaluated using the above results.
Illustration 19 :
13 13 2 3 13 2 3 3 3
Sum up to 16 terms of the series ..... is
1 13 135
(A) 450 (B) 456 (C) 446 (D) none of these
Solution :
2
n n 1 2
n2 n 1
3 3
1 2 3 .... n 3
3
2
4
n 1 2 n 2 n 1
tn 4 2 4
1 3 5 .... (2n 1) n n2 4
2
2 2 n 1
1 2 1 1 1 n n 1 2n 1 1 n n 1 1
S n t n n n 1 . . .n
4 2 4 4 6 2 2 4
NODE6\E\Data\2014\Kota\JEE-Advanced\SMP\Maths\Unit#07\Eng\01(a)-Sequence-series (Theory).p65
16.17.33 16.17 16
S 16 446 Ans. (C)
24 4 4
Some times the nth term of a sequence or a series can not be determined by the method, we have discussed
earlier. So we compute the difference between the successive terms of given sequence for obtained the n th
terms.
If T1, T2, T3,........,Tn are the terms of a sequence then some times the terms T2– T1, T3– T 2,......... constitute
an AP/GP. nth term of the series is determined & the sum to n terms of the sequence can easily be obtained.
Case 1 :
(a) If difference series are in A.P., then
Let Tn = an2 + bn + c, where a, b, c are constant
(b) If difference of difference series are in A.P.
Let Tn = an3 + bn2 + cn + d, where a, b, c, d are constant
12
E
JEEMAIN.GURU
JEE-Mathematics
Case 2 :
(a) If difference are in G.P., then
Let Tn = arn + b, where r is common ratio & a, b are constant
(b) If difference of difference are in G.P., then
Let Tn = arn + bn + c, where r is common ratio & a, b, c are constant
Determine constant by putting n = 1, 2, 3 ....... n and putting the value of T1, T2, T3 ......
Do yourself - 7 :
12 12 3 12 3 4
(i) Find the sum of the series upto n terms 1 ...........
2 3 4
(ii) Find the sum of 'n' terms of the series whose nth term is tn = 3n2 + 2n.
Miscellaneous Illustration :
Illustration 20 :
n n
n 1
If Tr
8
(n 1)(n 2)(n 3) , then find T .
r 1 r 1 r
n n 1
n(n 1)(n 2)
= Tr Tr = n(n 1)(n8 2)(n 3) (n 1)n(n8 1)(n 2) = 8
[(n 3) (n 1)]
r 1 r 1
1 2 (n 2) n 1 1
......... (i)
Tn n(n 1)(n 2) n(n 1)(n 2) n(n 1) (n 1)(n 2)
1
Let Vn
n(n 1)
1
Vn Vn 1
Tn
1 1 1 1
n
1 n 2 3n
....... (V1 Vn 1 )
T1 T2 T3 Tn r 1 Tr 2(n 1)(n 2)
E 13
JEEMAIN.GURU
JEE-Mathematics
Illustration 21 :
1
Tn = (2n–1) (2n + 1) (2n + 3) {(2n + 5) – (2n – 3)}
8
1
(Vn Vn 1 ) [Let Vn = (2n – 1) (2n + 1) (2n + 3) (2n + 5)]
8
1
S n Tn [Vn V0 ]
8
n 1 6 (n 1)(3n 2) 1
or, Tn 3n n 4
2
Tn = 3 + (2.4 (n 2)3)
2 4 2
NODE6\E\Data\2014\Kota\JEE-Advanced\SMP\Maths\Unit#07\Eng\01(a)-Sequence-series (Theory).p65
1
Sn 3 n 2 n 4n 1 3 n(n 1)(2n 1) n(n 1) 4n n (n 2 n 4) Ans.
2 2 6 2 2
Aliter Method :
Let Tn = an2 + bn + c
Now, T1 = 3 = a + b + c .....(i)
T2 = 7 = 4a + 2b + c .....(ii)
T3 = 14 = 8a + 3 b + c .....(iii)
Solving (i), (ii) & (iii) we get
3 1
a , b & c = 2
2 2
1
Tn (3n 2 n 4)
2
1
sn = Tn 3 n 2 n 4n 1 3 n(n 1)(2n 1) n(n 1) 4n n (n 2 n 4) Ans.
2 2 6 2 2
14
E
JEEMAIN.GURU
JEE-Mathematics
Illustration 23 :
Find the sum of n-terms of the series 1 + 4 + 10 + 22 + .....
Solution :
Let S = 1 + 4 + 10 + 22 +.......+ Tn ......... (i)
S = 1 + 4 + 10 + ....... + Tn – 1 + Tn ........ (ii)
(i) – (ii) Tn = 1 + (3 + 6 + 12 + ........ + Tn – Tn – 1)
2 n 1 1
Tn = 1 + 3
2 1
Tn = 3 . 2n – 1 – 2
So Sn = Tn 32n–1 – 2
2n 1
= 3 –2n = 3.2n – 2n – 3 Ans.
2 1
Aliter Method :
Let Tn = arn + b, where r = 2
No w T1 = 1 = ar + b ....(i)
T2 = 4 = ar2 + b ....(ii)
Solving (i) & (ii), we get
3
a , b 2
2
Tn = 3.2n–1 – 2
Sn = Tn 32n–1 – 2
2n 1
= 3 –2n = 3.2n – 2n – 3 Ans.
2 1
Illustration 24 :
NODE6\E\Data\2014\Kota\JEE-Advanced\SMP\Maths\Unit#07\Eng\01(a)-Sequence-series (Theory).p65
The series of natural numbers is divided into groups (1), (2, 3, 4), (5, 6, 7, 8, 9) ....... and so on. Show that the
sum of the numbers in nth group is n3 + (n – 1)3
Solution :
The groups are (1), (2, 3, 4), (5, 6, 7, 8, 9) .......
The number of terms in the groups are 1, 3, 5......
If we count from last term common difference should be –1
2n 1
So the sum of numbers in the nth group =
2
2n 2 (2n 2)( 1)
= (2n – 1)(n2 – n + 1) = 2n3 – 3n2 + 3n – 1 = n3 + (n – 1)3
E 15
JEEMAIN.GURU
JEE-Mathematics
Illustration 25 :
n
Find the natural number 'a' for which ƒ(a k ) 16(2
k 1
n
1) , where the function ƒ satisfied ƒ(x+y) = ƒ(x). ƒ(y)
ƒ (1+1) =ƒ (1) ƒ (1) ƒ (2) = 22, ƒ (1+2) = ƒ (1) ƒ (2) ƒ (3) = 23, ƒ (2 + 2) = ƒ (2) ƒ (2) ƒ (4) = 24
n n n n
2 2 n 1
= 2 a = 2 a+1(2 n–1)
2 1
n
But f(a k) 16(2
k 1
n
1)
2 a+1 = 2 4
a+1 = 4 a = 3 Ans.
NODE6\E\Data\2014\Kota\JEE-Advanced\SMP\Maths\Unit#07\Eng\01(a)-Sequence-series (Theory).p65
ANSWERS FOR DO YOURSELF
2 4 8 16 2 4 2 4
1 : (i) (a) , , , ,....... , (b) , , , ,....... ; ( i i i ) –(p + q)
1 2 3 4 3 9 27 81
2 : (i) 900 ( i i ) 14
3 : (i) 931 ( i i ) 45 ( i v ) 4, 12, 36 (v) C
4 : (i) 2 ( i i ) 15
1
5 : (i)
2
8 1 2n 1 1
6 : (i) 4 1 n 1 (ii) (iii) 2
9 4 3 4 n 1 4
n(n 3) n(n 1)(2n 3)
7 : (i) (ii)
4 2
16
E