Volume 4, Issue 12, December – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Aviation Security Training Design Using

Quality Function Deployment
Saddam Rasis Rabathi1, Danang Ary Yunanto2, Abby Yazid Bustomy3, Sawarni Hasibuan 4
1,2,3
Master of Industrial Engineering Student, Universitas Mercu Buana, Jakarta, Indonesia.
4
Master of Industrial Engineering Program, Universitas Mercu Buana, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Abstract:- The development of the aviation service In the development of professional human resources,
industry in Indonesia is currently very rapid with the especially in aviation sector, to create professional
construction of new airports for easier access to personnel, the training components should be professionally
connectivity in each region. Aviation security and safety managed as well. In the sense that each preparation of the
that reaches all flight areas by guaranteeing the training components must be directed towards the goals or
protection of aircraft crews and passengers at airports objectives and integrated without ignoring the effective and
from unlawful actions, by meeting national and efficient principles. Highlighted the need for involvement
international regulatory standards. Aviation Security between training and the aviation industry to improve
(Avsec) personnel are human resources (HR) who have graduates' employability (Mott, 2014).
these competencies trained from various competitive
training institutions. In this paper it is discussed about Therefore, this study is expected to be able to design
how to improve the quality of Avsec personnel training the Avsec Training so that it could be tailored to the needs
institutions with affordable training costs, facilities, and of trainees and stakeholders. The sample data of this study
infrastructure to meet and graduates in accordance was processed related to validity and reliability. One of the
with industry needs. The method used is Quality tools to assist in the process of product development and
Function Deployment (QFD) and House of Quality design is Quality Function Deployment (QFD). According
(HoQ). With result of consumer needs in training plan to Goetsch & Stanley (2013), QFD is a special method for
that provides affordable costs, convenience, utilization making needs/ creating important components of design and
of facilities and infrastructure to support learning and service. QFD is a concept to provide needs in design and
the quality of outputs and outcomes is guaranteed. service. Voice of Customer (VoC) is fundamental in QFD
Gradual QFD methods can be able to meet the technical and translates it into reality in service. The core of QFD is a
response with affordable training costs, facilities and series of interrelated matrices known as the House of
infrastructure to meet and graduates according to the Quality (HoQ). This can be obtained by identifying VoC,
needs industry. and some comparisons with computing services,
determining priority features of new services or improving
Keywords:- Quality Function Deployment, Aviation services. This is a system that guides designers and planners
Security, Training Design. to focus on the service attributes that are most important for
users (Homkhiew et al., 2012; Balor, et al, 2017). This
I. INTRODUCTION involves:

Aviation Security (Avsec) is known since the  Identify the needs of users known in QFD-speak as
beginning of the 20th century when the hijacking of aircraft Voice of Customer (VoC);
occurred in Peru in 1931. This incident was recorded as the  Identify the service attributes that most satisfy VoC;
first acts of unlawful interference and then occurred  Set product development and testing targets and
repeatedly to civil aviation. Afterward, Avsec personnel are priorities that will produce product services that satisfy
given the main task to maintain the security and safety of VoC.
civil aviation in Indonesia to prevent acts of unlawful
interference and provide security protection for flight crews, The method of creating a HoQ for service design,
aircraft, passengers, airport installations, ground officers and including a number of needs, each of which has an interest
other flight service users from acts of unlawful interference. in the corresponding requirements including obtaining a
number of comments about a service; determine, by
To ensure the competent and professional Avsec keyword the processing unit of each requirement, determine
Personnel, a qualified Avsec training institution is needed to at least one requirement related to each requirement and
support the realization of the aviation industry progress. In assess the assessment for the requirements based on the
terms of training industry collaboration, institutional requirements (Miao, 2015).
dynamics and institutional logic have an important impact
on collaboration between industry and training (Bjerregaard, To design effective and sustainable services, therefore,
2010). There are several studies on collaboration between tools for the design process using the QFD approach are
the aviation industry and training institutions that offer used (Marini, 2016). The HoQ used by QFD is a matrix that
aviation programs (Araujo, 2012). provides conceptual maps for inter-functional planning and
communication. In general, the QFD system is categorized

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Volume 4, Issue 12, December – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
into four interrelated phases which are product planning, II. RESEARCH METHODS
spreading parts, planning process, and production planning
phase. The use of QFD has obtained support to assist Using Quality Function Deployment (QFD),
decision makers in planning and improving services. companies can also connect between customer desires and
efforts to improve the quality of products or services (Hadi
Defines QFD is a structured method used in the et al., 2017). This method can also be used to improve the
product planning and development process to establish the improvement of education services (Wibisono, 2017). The
specifications and needs, as well as systematic evaluation initial step in carrying out the design process is that it is
and the ability of products or services to meet the necessary to identify a new idea or market need, until the
consumers’ needs and desires (Cohen, 1995). final step is the complete specification of a product that
meets the idea or market need. However, the final step and
The fundamental problem underlying the provision of the next step of the market is needed to ensure that the
aviation security: what the best method to allocate rare design process is in accordance with specified.
resources to reduce the likelihood of a successful attack on
civil aviation to an acceptable level is (Gillen, 2015).

Fig 1:- Flowchart of Avsec Design Using QFD

Fig 2:- QFD Model for School Development Plans [9] Tony Wijaya (2011: 51)

Figure 1 shows the flowchart of the research III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
methodology used in the design of AVSEC training.
Flowchart shows the algorithm that begins with the QFD is described as a tool for translating VoC into
identification of needs or in accordance with the needs technical terms. There are eight steps. The first step is
(market needed). It is followed by the conceptualization that identifying VoC in terms of identify the desired service
produces a House of Quality (HoQ) matrix. Next it is needs and after that data collection is carried out. The
continuously performed until the detailed stage achieved, so following is a summary of needs:
that it is expected that each stage passed can meet the
predetermined criteria (market needed) (see Figure 2).  Material, CBT and E-learning
 Graduation Training
 Location and Transportation Access
 Price
 Certificate
 Facilities and infrastructure

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Volume 4, Issue 12, December – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Training duration The second step, make a tree diagram to illustrate the
 Absorption of Graduates problem from the first step. The results can be seen in
 On the Job Training Figure 3.

Fig 3:- Tree Diagram for New Product Development

The third step, determine the weighting of needs. This scale is between 1-5 in which 5 is considered as the highest
is to determine the need’s importance level. The weighting priority. The result is shown in Table 1.
process is determined by team members. The weighting

Need assessment Weight

- Material, CBT and E-learning 3
- Graduation Training 3
- Location and Transportation Access Price 4
- Competency Certificate 5
- Facilities and infrastructure 5
- Training Duration 3
- Absorption of Graduates 3
- On the Job Training 5
Table 1:- Needs and Weighting for Training Design

The fourth step is competitive benchmarks with percentage of total weight, it was decided that the first
competitors. The determined competitors are competitors priority of VoC was the absorption of graduates, low prices,
(A) & competitors (B). The result of brainstorming is facilities and infrastructure with a range of scores of 15. The
observing the position of the training service. By using scale second priority was material, CBT and e-learning as well as
of 1-5, the researcher carries out an opinion identification the duration of training with a score of 13. The results are
score for each item in the planning matrix. Based on the shown in Figure 4.

Fig 4:- Competitors Benchmark

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Volume 4, Issue 12, December – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

To calculate the improvement factor, it uses the For overall Weighting for low prices can be calculated.
following calculation method: The equation is as follows.

Improvement factor = ((our planning CS rating – CS Overall Weighting = Weight of Customer Importance ×
rating our product) × 0.2)) + 1 Improvement Factor × Sales Point.

Customer Satisfaction (CS). 0.2 and 1 are constants of Customer interest weights from low prices, scores of
the improvement factor formula. To calculate the 1.4 and 1.5 will be found. In calculating the overall
improvement factor, we referred to the number of our CS weighting of a low price, the results are as follows.
planning rankings with number 5 then subtracted by our CS
product rank 3 then multiplied by 0.2 the calculation results Overall Weighting= 5 × 1.4 × 1.5 = 10.5
are then added to number 1. the result of the calculation is For % of Total Weight = (Overall Weight/Total Overall
1.4. This calculation also applies to the calculation of other Weighting) × 100
items from other specified needs. The detailed calculation
method is shown below: To calculate % of total weight can be seen as follows:

Improvement factor = ((5 - 3) × 0.2) + 1 = 1.4 % of Total Weight of low prices

= ((10.5/ (9 + 5.5 + 2.9 + 11 + 5.6 + 11 + 9 + 11 + 7)) ×100
Using the same case, the calculation of the sales point = 15
follows the results of the discussion in the team. The team
determines the sales point based on the important points of (see row of low prices and column % of total weight)
customer needs for service. Sales points are between 1 and
1.5.

Fig 5:- Technical Requirement (HOW)

The fifth step, technical requirements (HOW) is The sixth step is the linkage of WHAT and HOW. It
determining the technical aspects for product specifications identifies how the relationship between customer needs and
to meet customer needs. In this step, the team and service requirements. This uses a significance scale of 1, 3
researchers identified several technical requirements to & 9. Scale 1 is the weakest relation, scale 3 is a moderate
achieve customer needs. There are training service fees, relation & scale 9 is the strongest relation. In Figure 6,
teacher fees, maintenance of facilities and infrastructure. shows that researchers use symbols for visuals to describe
The results of the technical requirements (HOW) applied to the relationship between customer needs and technical
HoQ are in Figure 5. requirements and also describe the scores.

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Volume 4, Issue 12, December – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig 6:- Interrelationship Matrix

Step seven is creating a HoQ design by selecting a utilization of facilities and infrastructure to support learning
design target (value) from the requirements. The researcher and the quality of outputs and outcomes is guaranteed.
will compare the implementation requirements between Gradual QFD methods can be able to meet the technical
training with competitors (A) & competitors (B). This will response with affordable training costs, facilities and
determine the design target for each requirement whether infrastructure to meet and graduates according to the needs
they are at the same level or more than their competitors. industry.

In Figure 7, shows how to determine the priority of REFERENCES

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Fig 7:- House of Quality

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