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Bismuth Chloride

Bismuth_chloride

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138 views

Bismuth Chloride

Bismuth_chloride

Uploaded by

Chengkc2014
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Bismuth chloride - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 4

Bismuth chloride
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bismuth chloride is an inorganic


compound with the chemical
Bismuth chloride
formula BiCl3. It is a common
source of the Bi3+ ion. In the gas
phase and in the crystal, the species
adopts a pyramidal structure, in
accord with VSEPR theory.

Contents
◾ 1 Preparation
◾ 2 Structure
◾ 3 Chemistry
IUPAC name
◾ 3.1 Chloro complexes
Bismuth chloride
◾ 3.2 Organic catalysis
◾ 4 Safety Other names

◾ 5 References Bismuth trichloride, Trichlorobismuth, Trichlorobismuthine, Bismuth


(III) chloride

Identifiers
Preparation CAS 7787-60-2
number
Bismuth chloride can be
synthesized directly by passing PubChem 24591
chlorine over bismuth. ChemSpider 22993

RTECS EB2690000
2 Bi + 3 Cl2 → 2 BiCl3
number

or by dissolving bismuth metal in Jmol-3D Image 1 (http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?


aqua regia, evaporating the mixture images model=Cl%5BBi%5D%28Cl%29Cl)
to give BiCl3.2H2O, which can be SMILES
distilled to form the anhydrous InChI
[1]
trichloride. Properties

Alternatively, it may be prepared by Molecular BiCl3


adding hydrochloric acid to bismuth formula
oxide and evaporating the solution. Molar mass 315.34 g/mol
Appearance hygroscopic white to yellow crystals
Bi2O3 + 6 HCl → 2 BiCl3 + 3
Density 4.75 g/cm3
H2O
227 °C (441 °F; 500 K)

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Bismuth chloride - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 2 of 4

Also, the compound can be Melting


prepared by dissolving bismuth in point
concentrated nitric acid and then Boiling 447 °C (837 °F; 720 K)
adding solid sodium chloride into
point
this solution.[2]
Solubility in Decomposes to bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl)
water
Bi + 6 HNO3 → Bi(NO3)3 + 3
Solubility soluble in methanol, diethyl ether, acetone
H2O + 3 NO2
Thermochemistry
Bi(NO3)3 + 3 NaCl → BiCl3
Specific 0.333 J/(g K)
+ 3 NaNO3 heat
capacity (C)
Std -1.202 kJ/g
Structure enthalpy of
formation
In the gas phase BiCl3 is pyramidal (ΔfHo298)
with an Cl-Bi-Cl angle of 97.5° and Hazards
a bond length of 242 pm.[3] In the MSDS JT Baker
solid state each Bi atom has three
(http://hazard.com/msds/mf/baker/baker/files/b3444.htm)
near neighbors at 250 pm, two at
324 pm and three at a mean of 336 NFPA 704
0
pm,[4] the image above highlights 2 0
the three closest neighbours. This
structure is similar to that of AsCl3,
LD50 3324 mg/kg, oral (rat)
AsBr3, SbCl3 and SbBr3.
Related compounds

Chemistry Other bismuth fluoride, bismuth subsalicylate, bismuth trioxide


anions
Bismuth chloride is hydrolyzed Other iron(III) chloride, manganese(II) chloride, cobalt(II)
readily to bismuth oxychloride, cations chloride
BiOCl:[5] Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their
standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
3+ −
Bi + Cl + H2O → BiOCl (verify) (what is: ?)
+ Infobox references
(s) + 2 H

This reaction can be reversed by adding an acid, such as hydrochloric acid.[6]

Reaction of solid BiCl3 with water vapour below 50 °C has been shown to produce the intermediate
monohydrate, BiCl3.H2O.[7]

Bismuth chloride is an oxidizing agent, being readily reduced to metallic bismuth by reducing
agents.

Chloro complexes

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Bismuth chloride - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 3 of 4

In contrast to the usual expectation by consistency with periodic trends, BiCl3 is a Lewis acid,
forming a variety of chloro complexes such as [BiCl6]3− that strongly violates the octet rule.
Furthermore the octahedral structure of this coordination complex does not follow the predictions of
VSEPR theory, since the lone pair on bismuth is unexpectedly stereochemically inactive. The
dianionic complex [BiCl5]2− does however adopt the expected square pyramidal structure.[8]

Cs3[BiCl6] Cs3[BiCl6] [BiCl6]3−

Organic catalysis

Bismuth chloride is used as a catalyst in organic synthesis. In particular, it catalyzes the Michael
reaction and the Mukaiyama-aldol reaction. The addition of other metal iodides increases its catalytic
activity.[9]

Safety
Bismuth chloride is toxic. It causes irritation to the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract. Contact
with skin may cause burns.

References
1. ^ Godfrey, S. M.; McAuliffe, C. A.; Mackie, A. G.; Pritchard, R. G. (1998). Nicholas C. Norman, ed.
Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. Springer. p. 90. ISBN 0-7514-0389-X.
2. ^ Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8
3. ^ Töke, Orsolya, and Magdolna Hargittai. "Molecular structure of bismuth trichloride from combined
electron diffraction and vibrational spectroscopic study." Structural Chemistry 6.2 (1995): 127-130.
4. ^ Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition, pp. 879 - 884, Oxford Science
Publications, ISBN 0-19-855370-6
5. ^ Joel Henry Hildebrand (2008). Principles of Chemistry. BiblioBazaar, LLC. p. 191. ISBN 0-559-
31877-4.
6. ^ Frank Welcher (2008). Chemical Solutions. READ BOOKS. p. 48. ISBN 1-4437-2907-8.
7. ^ Wosylus, Aron; Hoffmann, Stefan; Schmidt, Marcus; Ruck, Michael (2010). "In-situ Study of the
Solid-Gas Reaction of BiCl3 to BiOCl via the Intermediate Hydrate BiCl3·H2O". European Journal of
Inorganic Chemistry 2010 (10): 1469–1471. doi:10.1002/ejic.201000032 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%
2Fejic.201000032). ISSN 1434-1948 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1434-1948).

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Bismuth chloride - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 4 of 4

8. ^ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-
352651-5.
9. ^ Hitomi Suzuki; Yoshihiro Matano (2001). Organobismuth chemistry. Elsevier. pp. 403–404.
ISBN 0-444-20528-4.

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Categories: Bismuth compounds Chlorides Metal halides

◾ This page was last modified on 25 January 2014, at 17:46.


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