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Introduction
Our topic of research is about Agricalture and it’s efficiency in our country. For our
country. Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy of Kazakhstan. The level of
development of the agricultural sector has always advocated and continues to serve the
determining factor of economic and social - political stability of Kazakh society.
As one of the priorities of the republic's economy, agriculture has huge potential and large
reserves.
Variety of climatic conditions in Kazakhstan for growing almost all crops temperate zone,
and to develop animal husbandry.

The overall analysis of the situation in the agroindustrial complex of Kazakhstan

Agrarian sector of Kazakhstan has the following characteristics:
• Total area of agricultural land - 222.6 million hectares, of which arable land is under 24
million hectares (10,8%), hayfields 5 million hectares (2,2%), pasture 189 million hectares
(85% );
• rural population - 7.3 million, or 47.2% of the total population;
• strongly expressed in horizontal and vertical zonation of soil and vegetation. In the forest-
steppe and steppe zones is 10% of all land in the semi-desert and desert - about 60% in
mountainous areas - about 5%;
• all the agricultural zones of the country characterized by low annual precipitation - 150-320
mm.;
• Lack of access to the sea, which creates significant difficulties for access to external
markets;
• to ensure self-sufficiency in most foodstuffs, except for such products as sugar, cooking oil,
meat, poultry, fruits and vegetables in the off-season;
• specialization of the northern regions on the cultivation of crops and livestock; southern
regions, where irrigation is essential to have a greater diversification of crops (cereals,
oilseeds, fruits and berries, vegetables, cotton);
• Assessment of gross agricultural output in 2007 to 1 ha of arable land amounts to 47.5
thousand, agricultural production per 1 worker employed in agriculture is 453 thousand
tenge;
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• is a major exporter of wheat and flour (included in top 10 exporters in the world), a
significant share in total exports of agricultural countries have also Cotton (15%), skin and
wool (25%);
• branch of animal husbandry is traditional for Kazakhstan, with almost 90% of cattle in
household population;
• The average age of the fleet of agricultural equipment is 13-14 years, with a minimum term
of operation of 7-10 years, 70% of the fleet of agricultural equipment - manufactured before
1991;
• the limited supply of financial services to agricultural sector. The World Bank estimated
unmet need for credit resources on the most conservative estimate is estimated at about $ 1
billion a year.

In order to lift the rural economy over the past ten years have passed state and industry
programs to promote and support agriculture and villages, backed by solid financial
resources.

Problem and significance.

A. Main problem that we discuss is problem of effectiveness and efficiency in agricultural
sector of Kazakhstan. In the other words, we want to measure efficiency and make
conclusions about it’s level, and about why it is so. And if results would not be satisfactory,
we want to propose some alternatives about what should be done. Also we are concerned
about

B. We decide to discuss this theme because of some reasons. Firstly, Kazakhstan has big
territory. But, despite of this big territory, it has small hydro resources. Most of the territory is
arid and rivers have small amount of water. Because of this reason, animal husbandry had
advantage before of plant growing. We think that plant growing must be improved by new
technologies, which could solve problem of hydro deficit. Secondly, Big share of Kazakhstan
population live in rural area. And their welfare mainly depends on agriculture. Thirdly, the
efficiency in agriculrural sector can decrease prices for products, and provide food security
Literature review.
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In article named “Food Production and the Energy Crisis” David Pimentel 1, L. E. Hurd 1,
A. C. Bellotti 22, M. J. Forster 2, I. N. Oka 2, O. D. Sholes 2, and R. J. Whitman say that
extensive and uneconomic crop sector can make own impact to economic crisis.

The principal raw material of modern U.S. agriculture is fossil fuel, whereas the labor input is
relatively small (about 9 hours per crop acre). As agriculture is dependent upon fossil energy,
crop production costs will also soar when fuel costs increase two- to fivefold. A return of 2.8
kcal of corn per 1 kcal of fuel input may then be uneconomical.

Green revolution agriculture also uses high energy crop production technology, especially
with respect to fertilizers and pesticides. While one may not doubt the sincerity of the U.S.
effort to share its agricultural technology so that the rest of the world can live and eat as it
does, one must be realistic about the resources available to accomplish this mission. In the
United States we are currently using an equivalent of 80 gallons of gasoline to produce an
acre of corn. With fuel shortages and high prices to come, we wonder if many developing
nations will be able to afford the technology of U.S. agriculture.

In article named “Plant Productivity and Environment” J.S, Boyer3 says that An analysis
of major U.S. crops shows that there is a large genetic potential for yield that is unrealized
because of the need for better adaptation of the plants to the environments in which they are
grown. Evidence from native populations suggests that high productivity can occur in these
environments and that opportunities for improving production in unfavorable environments
are substantial. Genotypic selection for adaptation to such environments has already played
an important role in agriculture, but the fundamental mechanisms are poorly understood.
Recent scientific advances make exploration of these mechanisms more feasible and could
result in large gains in productivity.

Hypothesis.

Increasing efficiency of agricultural sector will lead to increasing welfare of rural

population.

1
New York State College of Agriculture and Life Science;
2
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850;
3
Plant physiologist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, University
of Illinois, Urbana 61801
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X variable is efficiency of agriculture

Y variable is welfare of rural population
Investments in agricultural sector should be concerned on innovations, because extensive
farming is unacceptable in our conditions. Only high quality and low cost, what can be
achieved by innovative technology, can increase competitiveness of firms in agricultural
sector. Agricultural sector is main business sector for rural population. And their welfare
depends on agriculture. Because of 45% population of Kazakhstan, it is very important.

Subject of study.

Units of analyzis: - for X: efficiency in agricultural sector

- for Y: life standards of rural populations

Units of observation: budget of agricultural ministry, results of 3-year program of rural

support, profits of firms in agricultural sector, wages of rural people, using of investment in
agricultural sector, suburbanization and urbanization of people.

Measurement.

Nominal definition: Efficiency - accomplishment of or ability to accomplish a job with a

minimum expenditure of time and effort.-

Welfare - health, happiness, prosperity, and well-being in general

Operational definition: we will measure statistical data from units of observation in

contrast of most developed countries and make conclusion. For reliability we will take data
from reliable and official sources. And for validity we will convince that people’s welfare
increase only because of efficiency, not by other factors.

Referances

1.Science 29 October 1982: Vol. 218. no. 4571, pp. 443 – 448 DOI:
10.1126/science.218.4571.443 ARTICLES Plant Productivity and Environment J. S.
Boyer
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2. Science 2 November 1973: Vol. 182. no. 4111, pp. 443 – 449 DOI: 10.1126/science.182.4111.443 Food
Production and the Energy Crisis David Pimentel 1, L. E. Hurd 1, A. C. Bellotti 2, M. J.
Forster 2, I. N. Oka 2, O. D. Sholes 2, and R. J. Whitman

3. http://www.minagri.gov.kz/index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=307&Itemid=112&lang=ru