1. First ofall, find the centre of gravity G of the rivet system. Let ross-sctional area ofeach rivet, Distances of rivets from OY, and Distances of rivets from OX. Am the tA tu An tdy td We know that 7g eee Ee ee AtAtAY. nA ee (where n= Number of rivets) Similarly, o Fig. 9.23. Eecentric loaded riveted joint. 2. Introduce two forces P, and P, at the centre of gravity ‘G” of the rivet system. These forces ‘are equal and opposite to P as shown in Fig. 9.23 (b). 3. Assuming tha all the rivetsare of the same size, the effect of P, ~ Pis to produce direct shear load on cach rivet of equal magnitude. Therefore, direct shear Icad on each rivet, P 77 seting parallel tothe load P.isto produce a tuning moment of magnitude P « e which tends to rotate the joint about the centre of gravity °G’ of the rivetsystem ina clockwise direction. Due to the tuning ‘moment, secondary shear load on each rivet is produced. In order to find the secondary shear load, the following two assumptionsare made : (a) The secondary shear load is proportional to the radial distance of the rivet under consideration fom the centre of gravity ofthe rivet system. (8) The direction of secondary shear load is perpendicular tothe line joining the centre ofthe rivet to the centre of gravity of the rivet system... Let F,, Fy, Fy = Secondary shear loads on the rivets 1,2, 3..¢te. day lp fy». = Radial distance of the rivets 1, 2, 3 ..ct. fiom the centre of ‘gravity °G" of the rivet system. <. From assumption (a), F, #13 Fy hands0 on ‘We know that the sum of the external tuming moment due to the eccentric load and of intemal resisting moment of the rivets must be equal to zero. os Pe = Fyly+ Fy + Fyly 4 xP xht. bh FFA LTA 1 A = PGF aed From the above expression, the value of F may be calculated and hence F, and Fete. are known. The direction of these forces are at right angles to the lines joining the centre of rivet to the centre of gravity of the rivet system, as shown in Fig. 9.23 (b), and should produce the momeat in the same direction (ic. clockwise or anticlockwise) about the centre of gravity, as the turning moment (Pxe), 5. The primary (or direct) and secondary shear load may be added vectorially to determine the resultant shear load (R) on each rivet as shown in Fig. 9.23 (¢). It may also be obtained by using the relation R= [Oya aR xP 8 where @ = Anglebetween the primary or direct shear load (P,)and secondary shear load (F). When the secondary shear load on each rivet is equal, then the heavily loaded rivet will be one in which the included angle between the direet shear load and secondary shearload is minimum. The ‘maximum loaded rivet becomes the critical one for determining the strength of the riveted joint. Knowing the permissible shear stress (t), the diameter of the rivet hole may be obtained by using the relation, Maximum resultant shea load (K)= Td? From Table 9.7, the standard diameter of the rivet hole (d ) and the rivet diameter may be specified, according to IS : 192 — 1982 (Reaffirmed 1996).Notes: 1, In the solution of aproblem, the primary and shear loads may be lid off approximately to scale end ‘generally the ivet having the maximum resultant shear load will be appareet by inspection, The values of the load for that rivet may then be calculated. 2. Whea the thickness of the plate is given, then the diameter of the rivet hole may be checked against crushing. {3 When the eccentric load P is inclined at some angle, then the same procedure as discussed above may be followed to find the size of rivet (See Example 9.18). Example 9.14, An eccentrically loaded lap riveted joint isto be designed for a steel bracketas shown in Fig. 9.24. P pias Fig, 9.24 The bracket plate is 25 mm thick. All rivets are io be of the same size. Load on the bracket, P= SO AN ; rivet spacing, C = 100 mm; load arm, e = 400 mm. Permissible shear stress ts 65 MPa and crushing stress is 120 MPa. Determine the size of the rivets to be used for the joint. Solution. Given : ¢ = 25 mm ; P = 50 KN = 50 « 10° N;e = 400 mm; n=7; t= 65 MPa = 65 Nimm?; 6, = 120 MPa = 120 Nimm? Fig. 9.25 First ofall, let us find the centre of gravity (G) ofthe rivet system. Let "} = Distance ofcenue of gravity from OY, = Distance of centre of gravity from OX,Distances of centre of gravity of each rivet from OY, and Distances of centre of gravity of each rivet from OX. atm tytn tytn We know that — 100-4 2004 200+ 200 109m oo 7 ww = AANA AM + Ist Yet 200 + 200 + 200+ 100 + 100 7 -:. The centre of gravity (G) of the rivet system lies at a distance of 100 mm from OY and 114.3 sam loon OX, anchovn in Fp. 9.35. We krow that direct shearloadon each sve, P_50x10° Aa 7 ‘The direct shear load acts parallel to the direction of load P i.e. vertically downward as shown inFig. 925 Tuming moment produced by the load P duet ecocarcty (€) = Px e= 50 10° x 400 = 20 10° N-mm “This turning moments resisted by scven rivets as shonin Fig, 9.23. 143 mm: »,=y,=0) 7143 N All dimensions in mm, Fig. 926 Let Fy Fy Fy Fy Fy F, and F, be the secondary shear load on the rivets 1,2,3,4, 5,6 and 7 placed at distances l,l, [ly ls J and [respectively from the centre of gravity of the rivet system as shown in Fig. 9.26,From the geometry of the figure, we find that = 100)" + (200-1143 200 1143 =85.7 mm 00)? + 0143 — 1007 = 101 mm = loo? + 11437 = 152 mm Now equating the turning moment due to eccentricity of the load to the resisting moment of the rivets, we have 31.7 mm and 4 hi l,=1, and 1,= 1) sox io 400 = pA faqs) +(65.7° + 200H' +2032)'] 20 10% x 131.7 = F\34 690+ 7345 + 20 402 +46 208) = 108 645 F, = 20 10° « 131.7 / 108 645 = 24 244 N Since the secondary shear loads are proportional to their radial distances from the centre of gravity, thereforeBy drawing the direct and secondary shear loads on each rivet, we see that the rivets 3, 4and 5 are heavily loaded. Let us now find the angles between the dircet and secondary shear load for these thre rivets From the geometry of Fig. 9.26, we find that 100 _ 100 cose, = 016 4 cos 0, = 100 . 100 “e101 100 _ 100 and cos 8, = P= 23 = 0658 Now resultant shear load on rivet 3, Ry= BP eH 6 2B Fx 008 Oy = (7143)? + (24 244)? + 2 7143 x 24 244 x 0.76 = 30 033 N Resultant shear load on rivet 4, R= BY + (FY +22 x Fy x cos 8, = i743? + (18 593)? + 257143 x18 593% 0.99 = 25 684 N and resultant shear load on rivet 5. Rox IRI + GY #2 RF con 8 ~ fTiay + 78) + DATA 27 BI NOSE ‘The resultant shear load may be determined graphically, as shown in Fig. 9.26. From above we see that the maximum resultant shear load is on rivet 5. If dis the diameter of sivet hole, then maximum resultant shear load (R.) spit = Ecatxre 5 xd? 65=51d? 5 4d? =33121/51=6194 or d= 25.5 mm From Table 9.7, we see that according w IS : 1929-1982 (Realfirmed 1996), the standard diameter of the rivet hole (d )is 25.5 mm and the corresponding diameter of rivet is 24 mm, Let us now check the joint for enushing stress. We know that Max.lood _ Aj _ 33121 Crushing area” Txt 25.5%25 1.95 Nimm? = $1.95 MPa Since this stress is well below the given crushing stress of 120 MPa, therefore the design is satisfactory. Crushing stressExample 9.16. Find she value of P jor the joint shown in Fig. 9.29 based on a working shear stress of 100 MPa forthe rivets. The four rivets are equal, each of 20 mem diameter. Solution. Given : t= 100 MPa~ 100 Némm?; a4 ;d=20 xan ‘We know thet the direst shear load on ezch rivet, P, 2a 2-025 P ‘The dirt shear load on cach rivet acts in the dirostion ofthe load P, as shown in Fig 9.30. The ‘centr of gravity of the rivet group will lie at & (because of symmetry). From Fig. 9.30, we Find that the perpendicular distance from the centre of gravity Etothe line of action ofthe load (or excenticity), BC = e= 100mm ‘Tuming moment prohuced hy the load atthe cenre of gravity (E) ofthe rivet system due to ‘ccentricity = Pe~ P= 100 Nem (anticlockwise) ‘This taming moment is resisted by four rivets as shown in Fig. 9:30. Let Fa. Fy Fe and Fi be the svondary shear load on therivets, dy, C,and D placed at distances |, dy, lg and ly respectively from the centre af gravity af the rivet system, 200-*11009100/-« 200->{ pa + che eda Eo = Fed rea ml Fe All dimensions in mm. = 200+ 100 =300 mam ; and Fara i PLP + Ga? oF + 2 2] = 2000, Fup [2 200)* + 2(100)*] = x Fa 100 < 3/2000 =3 P20=0.15 PN Since the secondary shear loads are proportional to their radial distances from the centre of gravity therefore 5 100, 300 10 300 300 *300 ‘The secondary shear loads on each rivet acta right angles to the lines joining the centre of the ‘vet to the centre of gravity af the rivet system as shown in Fig. 9.30. Now let us find out the resultant shear load on each rivet. From Fig. 9.30, we find that Resultant load on rivet 4, x, 0.05 PN 0s PN and Os PN als xls el F,=0.25 P0115 P- 10PResultant load on rivet B, ~ Fy= 0.25 P-0.05 P=0.20P Resultant load on rivet C, 2+ = 0.25 P+ 005 P=0.30 P and resultant load on rivet D, Ry = P,+F,= 0.25 P+ 0.15 P=0.40P From above we see that the maximum shear load is on rivet D. We know that the maximum shear load (Rs 0.40 P A bracket is riveted to a columm by 6 rivets of equal sizeas shown in Fig. 938, It carries a load of 100 KN ata distance of 250 mm from the col- ‘uma. Ifthe maximum shear stress inthe rivet is limited to 63 MPa, find the diameter ofthe rivet. [Ans. 41 mm]