Smart and Sustainable Homes

Design
Objectives
 Regulatory requirements Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

Queensland Department of Public Works

June 2008

ISBN 978-0-9804690-2-8
© The State of Queensland
(Department of Public Works)

Cover photography David Sanderson

Internal graphics Architectural Practice Academy
Internal photography Technology and Development
Division (unless otherwise attributed)

For further information contact

Smart and Sustainable Homes

Technology and Development Division
Department of Public Works

GPO Box 2457

Brisbane Queensland 4001

Email [email protected]
Web sites www.sustainable-homes.org.au and
www.smarthousing.qld.gov.au
Sustainable Homes demonstrating Smart Housing principles Contents 0

Contents
1 Introduction 2
1.1 What is sustainability? 2
1.2 Purpose of the Design Objectives 3
1.3 Outline of the Design Objectives 3
1.4 Geographical scope of the Design Objectives 4
1.5 Other related publications 4

2 Sustainability goals 5
Environmental sustainability 5
Social sustainability 6
Economic sustainability 6

3 Building elements 7
3.1 Site and landscape 7
3.2 Dwelling access 11
3.3 General dwelling design 14
3.4 Building materials and finishes 21
3.5 Plumbing and drainage 23
3.6 Electrical, lighting and gas 25
3.7 Kitchen design 27
3.8 Bathroom/toilet design 29
3.9 Bedroom design 30
3.10 Laundry design 31
3.11 Outdoor living area design 32
3.12 Garage and shed design 33

4 Regulatory Requirements 34

5 Rebates and financial incentives 35

Attachment — Smart and Sustainable

Homes Design Objectives Checklist 36
0 Introduction Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

1 Introduction
The Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives (Design 1.1 What is sustainability?
Objectives) outline good practice in designing, planning,
building, maintaining and renovating homes to make them Ecologically sustainable development (or sustainability) is
more socially, environmentally and economically sustainable. defined as development that improves the total quality of
This is otherwise known as the ‘triple bottom line’ approach life, both now and in the future, in a way that maintains the
to sustainability. ecological processes on which life depends1. The five key
principles from the Foundation of Sustainability are:
The Design Objectives have been developed in response to
• Integration—the effective integration of environmental,
the demand for housing that better meets people’s needs
social and economic considerations in decision making.
and responds to Queensland’s four climate zones (refer
map page 4). A sustainably designed home reduces its • Community involvement—recognition that sustainability
environmental and social impacts whilst saving money on the cannot be achieved, nor significant progress made toward
cost of living over the life of the house. it, without the support and involvement of the whole
community.
The aim of the Design Objectives is to increase the supply
• Precautionary behaviour—where there are threats of
of sustainable housing in the private sector. At the same
serious or irreversible environmental damage, lack of
time, the Smart and Sustainable Homes program is seen as
full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason
a means of providing leadership on good-practice for more
for postponing measures to prevent environmental
sustainable housing to the residential housing design and
degradation.
construction industry.
• Equity within and between generations—fairness and
Making a home smart and sustainable means the occupant equal access to opportunities both in our lifetimes as well
can move around more easily, feel safer, save money and use as for future generations.
resources like energy and water more efficiently. A home that • Continual improvement—the declining environmental
is designed to the Smart and Sustainable Homes’ principles situation means there is an imperative to take immediate
will meet a family’s needs through all stages of their lives. action to become more sustainable and to make continual
improvement.

Sustainability is a very broad, all encompassing concept that

has implications for every aspect of society, including people
of all ages and abilities. However, the concept does not need
universal to be difficult to resolve if the triple bottom line approach is
design,
considered and applied.
safe and secure
Homes that incorporate sustainable design features will
derive numerous ongoing benefits, including enhanced value.

cost-effiecient resource
over time efficient

The ‘triple bottom line’ approach to sustainability

1
National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development (1992)
Sustainable Homes demonstrating Smart Housing principles Introduction 0

1.2 Purpose of the Design Objectives 1.3 Outline of the Design Objectives
The Design Objectives have been developed primarily for The Design Objectives set out a range of triple bottom
the building designer of detached dwellings in Queensland. line sustainability goals. Each criterion within the Design
However, the intent of these objectives and performance Objectives addresses one or more of these sustainability
requirements are also applicable to dwellings in other parts goals.
of Australia as well as to attached housing types.
The criteria within the checklist are grouped into categories
The purpose of the Design Objectives is to: by building element as follows:
1. Provide design assistance to building designers and to new • site and landscape
or existing homeowners, as well as strategies to design • dwelling access
and build homes that are more comfortable to live in, are
• general design
suited for a diverse range of people, have less impact on
• building materials and finishes
the environment and are cost effective to maintain and run.
• plumbing and drainage
It is intended that this document be utilised by clients and
designers to incorporate sustainable measures into the • electrical and lighting
process of designing their home from the earliest stage of • kitchen design
the design process. It is at the early stages of the design • bathroom/toilet design
process that the greatest difference can be made, for the
• bedroom design
least financial cost to the building works.
• laundry design
2. Provide a tool to measure the sustainability of the home’s
design. Within the different categories of the Design • outdoor living area design
Objectives, there are ‘Essential’ criteria which must be • garage and shed design.
addressed and ‘Desirable’ criteria which, if met, will further
For each criterion within these categories the following
increase the level of sustainability.
information is provided:
The Design Objectives provide a framework of goals for • Objective—outlines the actual design objective; in other
sustainable housing with examples of acceptable solutions words, this is what will be achieved if the performance
and briefly explain the sustainability element for each requirements are met.
objective. These can be applied to either new housing or
• Requirements—what must be achieved for the objective to
renovation of existing housing.
be met. In some cases this is a prescriptive measure and in
other cases it is a performance based requirement.
• Sustainability goals—the main means of relating each
criterion back to the overall goals of the triple bottom line
of sustainability i.e. environmental, social and economic.
The designer/homeowner can see which sustainability
aspect they are addressing and attempt to ensure a
balanced consideration of all aspects in the overall
home design.
0 Introduction Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

1.4 Geographical scope of the Design 1.5 Other related publications

Objectives • Smart and Sustainable Homes fact sheets, including ‘sun
path diagrams’, www.smarthousing.qld.gov.au
The Design Objectives take into consideration the four
(Department of Public Works)
climate zones in Queensland: Zone 1­—Tropical, Zone 2—Sub-
Tropical, Zone 3—Hot Arid, and Zone 5—Warm Temperate, as • Designing for Climate — series of information brochures,
defined in the Building Code of Australia. Refer to the map www.smarthousing.qld.gov.au/publications
below for geographic areas of Queensland’s climate zones. (Department of Public Works)
(Note: Zone 4 does not exist in Queensland). • Case studies, www.smarthousing.qld.gov.au
(Department of Public Works)
• Your Home Technical Manual, www.yourhome.gov.au
(Australian Greenhouse Office)
• Your Home Buyers Guide, www.yourhome.gov.au
(Australian Greenhouse Office)
• Building Code of Australia, www.abcb.gov.au
(Australian Building Codes Board)
• Welcome — Design Ideas for Accessible Homes
Cairns
www.buildingcommission.com.au
(Building Commission Victoria, 2002)

Townsville
• Healthy Homes — A guide to indoor air quality in the home
for buyers, builders and renovators
Mt Isa www.nphp.gov.au/enhealth
Mackay (Commonwealth Department of Health and Aging)

Longreach
Emerald
Rockhampton 1.6 Display Homes
Bundaberg
Queensland’s Smart and Sustainable Homes program is a key
vehicle demonstrating the design features and benefits of the
Smart Housing Design Objectives (version 1). Several display
Brisbane
Toowoomba homes have been designed, constructed and promoted
around Queensland in partnership with housing industry
stakeholders and councils. For more information about the
Climate zone classifications for council areas are also subject to periodic
review by the Australian Building Codes Board and may alter with updated program and the locations of the display homes visit
information. For further information go to www.abcb.gov.au. www.sustainable-homes.org.au.
Sustainable Homes demonstrating Smart Housing principles Sustainability goals 0

2 Sustainability goals
Designing a more sustainable home will help to achieve Environmental sustainability
environmental, social and economic benefits for the
household, neighbourhood and the broader community. Environmentally sustainable homes minimise the impact on
Hence the aim for the designer and home owner should be to the environment by incorporating features such as rainwater
gain a balance across all of the sustainability goals listed in tanks, energy efficient hot water systems and passive
this section. solar design for the local climate. The design of a home for
environmental sustainability needs to address, but is not
The three fundamental aspects of the triple bottom line limited to, the following:
approach are broken down into a series of more clearly
defined goals. The individual criterion within the Design Energy
Objectives is related back to these sustainability goals that The design of the home maximises the use of natural energy
each criterion helps to achieve. and minimises the need for non-renewable energy. The
At the end of the Design Objectives there is a checklist that home includes passive solar design features such as house
allows the user to assess the overall performance of the orientation, ventilation, insulation and shading, appropriate
home design and review the balance of the environmental, use of building materials and fixtures and fittings, to ensure
social and economic issues addressed by the home. higher energy efficiency and help the environment by
reducing household carbon emissions. The home has energy
efficient appliances.

Water
The design of the home and outdoor areas, including its
fixtures, fittings and appliances, saves water.

Materials and waste

The design and construction of the home considers the
efficient use of building materials, minimises waste and
uses recycled materials where possible. Construction aims to
minimise environmental impact, e.g. run-off to waterways.
It takes future needs into consideration so that it minimises
the requirement for modifications and consequent
material wastage.

Site impact and biodiversity

The site of the home and the landscaping considers the
natural features of the site, including topography, the local
climate, native flora and fauna, and natural and cultural
features. Design considers retaining existing vegetation,
including trees. The landscaping requires minimum
maintenance and water, inhibits soil erosion and minimises
storm water contamination and damage.
0 Sustainability goals Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

Social sustainability Economic sustainability

Socially sustainable homes are designed with all people in Economically sustainable homes are more cost-efficient over
mind. Features such as flexibility, comfort, access, safety time. They feature smart design and use low-maintenance
and security are addressed so that homes accommodate materials and appliances with high water and energy-star
the changing needs of occupants and guests. The design of ratings to reduce the ongoing costs of running the home.
a home for social sustainability needs to address, but is not Natural heating and cooling can be achieved by considering
limited to, the following: orientation, ventilation, insulation, shading and materials.
The design of a home for economic sustainability needs to
Human comfort address, but is not limited to:
The home provides an internal environment that is thermally,
visually and acoustically comfortable. Initial costs
The design of the home considers the size of the dwelling
Human health to reduce the cost of construction. The costs of building
A healthy home reduces hazards to human health within the materials are calculated on their capital costs as well as their
home (e.g. the presence of toxic chemicals, mould, etc) and potential ongoing savings and cost effectiveness. The design
promotes natural lighting and ventilation. considers standard sized products and the use of recycled,
readily available and local building materials.
Safety
Maintenance costs
The design minimises the possibility of falls, driveway
run-overs, burns and poisoning and enhances the ability to Selection of building materials considers the long-term
supervise children in outdoor play areas. The likelihood of maintenance expenses. The design includes durable and low
injuries occurring in and around the home for people of all maintenance materials.
ages is reduced.
Running costs
Security The home utilises alternative energy sources (e.g. solar and
The home uses designs, fixtures and fittings to reduce crime gas) and uses energy and water efficient appliances. Effective
and protect the home from malicious intruders. It enables passive design reduces the need for artificial lighting and
informal surveillance of the yard, street, and neighbouring climate control.
properties.
Future modification costs
Universal design The design minimises the need for future modifications
The home is versatile and comfortable for a diverse range to cater for the occupants’ changing requirements, which
of people and at different stages of their lives. It is easy to reduces long term costs.
move around the home, and the operation of fittings and
Community costs
fixtures caters for people of all ages and abilities. The home
is easily accessed by occupants, visitors and emergency The design of the home works to minimise the costs to the
services, etc. broader community, for example, utility and transport costs,
provision of medical and emergency services, as well as
Sense of community fitting in with the context of the neighbourhood.
The home contributes to an improved community identity
by enhancing the urban fabric of the neighbourhood and
promoting opportunities for neighbourhood interaction
through appropriate design.
Sustainable Homes demonstrating Smart Housing principles Building elements 0

3 Building elements
3.1 Site and landscape Site and landscape Essential
Objective 1 Site conditions are assessed for a passively
This section contains criteria relating to the site selection,
designed home to be constructed
siting, landscaping, planting and pest protection of the
dwelling. Requirements The site has the following characteristics:
• good solar access so that the house can be
The first step to good home design is choosing the right designed to minimise summer sun intrusion
and maximise winter sun (where appropriate
location for the occupants’ lifestyle and budget. The choice
to location)
of site can have a significant impact on the environment, • assessing potential overshadowing by
social networks and cost of living. There are benefits of living neighbouring buildings and/or trees on
northern aspects in southern Queensland
in an established community, near to work, close to shops,
and southern aspects in northern
public transport and other amenities. These benefits include Queensland
reduced travelling time and dependence on car travel and • maximum shading on eastern and western
the occupants will have more leisure time and enjoy a better walls
• access to cooling breezes in summer
lifestyle. conditions
• minimal potential for noise intrusion from
Correct solar orientation of the home increases the energy
surroundings.
efficiency, making it more comfortable to live in and cheaper
to run. The home should take full advantage of sun paths Sustainability Environmental Energy
goals
throughout the year as well as the slope, breezes, views, Social Human health
existing vegetation and other unique site characteristics.
Economic Running costs
In Queensland, many people spend much of their lives
outside their home either in the garden or on verandahs. It is Diagram­—Site and landscape objective 1
therefore important to attempt to maximise the potential of
outdoor living areas and the siting and landscaping are the
fundamental aspects to achieving this.

A key principle in siting a home is to minimise the amount

of site disturbance and maintaining the site’s natural
topography. This includes the disturbance of the soil
(from cut and fill) and the removal of vegetation. Designs,
therefore, should aim for minimal site clearance, retain
significant habitat trees, and rehabilitate disturbed areas
with saved topsoil and salvaged native plant species.
This area is unaffected by
It is recommended that new plants brought in for overshadowing, it provides
the best opportunity for
landscaping, should be non-invasive and non-toxic
passive solar design
indigenous species that will require less water and energy
to maintain throughout their life. The landscaping also
has a role to play in ensuring security, and privacy and can
contribute to the successful passive design of the home.
Avoid building or planting in Maximise shading to
the way of dominant breezes the east and west of
the property
0 Building elements Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

Site and landscape Essential Site and landscape Essential

Objective 2 The loss of biodiversity is minimised Objective 4 Soil degradation (and need for fertilisers),
sediment run off, and storm water runoff has
Requirements House siting and landscaping provides an been reduced
adequate buffer and gives consideration to:
• vegetation of significant value (e.g. a council Requirements • Soft landscaping accounts for a minimum of
Vegetation Protection Order) 30% of the site area.
• good quality agricultural land • The landscape design reduces storm water
• wetlands. runoff from the site through permeable
paving, pebble paths, infiltration trenches,
Sustainability Environmental Site impact soak wells, lawn, garden areas, swales and
goals the like.
Social -
Sustainability Environmental Site impact
Economic - goals
Social Human health

Economic Community costs

Site and landscape Essential
Objective 3 The design of the home, and the landscaping,
uses the land efficiently Site and landscape Essential

Requirements • The area available for outdoor living spaces Objective 5 The home does not significantly reduce
is maximised. privacy, views or daylight to adjacent dwellings
• The design accommodates north-facing
Requirements • Living spaces that would have a clear view
daytime outdoor living spaces.
into the private internal or external spaces of
Sustainability Environmental - adjacent dwellings are screened to maintain
goals privacy for neighbours.
Social Human health • The home does not limit daylight and solar
access to internal or external living spaces of
Economic Initial costs adjacent dwellings.
• The home designed does not unreasonably
block significant prime views of adjacent
Diagram­—Site and landscape objective 3 dwellings.

Sustainability Environmental Energy

goals
Social Sense of community

Economic Community costs

Outdoor living
space

Large backyard
Site and landscape Essential
Objective 6 Landscaping reduces the need for water,
chemical and energy inputs
House plan creates
large outdoor space Requirements Use plants that:
linked to a deck
• are native to the local area
or patio for added
connectivity • are appropriate to the soil conditions
• have low watering needs.
Group plants with similar needs together.
House plan creates
many small areas Sustainability Environmental Energy
of unusable goals Water
outdoor space
Site impact

Social Human health

Economic Running costs

Sustainable Homes demonstrating Smart Housing principles Building elements 0

Site and landscape Essential Diagram­—Site and landscape objective 9

Objective 7 Creating a secure home and neighbourhood
Long axis running
east-west
Requirements Use planting that:
• promotes the security of property by clearly
defining ownership and boundaries
• does not obstruct views from living areas of
the dwelling to public areas/street and the
access to the dwelling.
Planting and landscape structures are
designed not to conceal:
• points of entry to the home
• access to potential points of entry, including
climbable structures adjacent to a multi-
storey home.

Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Social Security
Sense of community

Economic Community costs

Site and landscape Essential

Objective 8 Consider all natural hazards

Requirements Investigate the extent to which the site may

be exposed to natural hazards (e.g. flood,
bushfires, landslide, storm or storm surge) and
design to mitigate their impact.

Sustainability Environmental Site impact

goals
Social Safety Long axis running Building setbacks dictate
north-south, with the buildable area
enough north
Economic Community costs facing frontage

Site and landscape Desirable

Site and landscape Desirable
Objective 9 Site orientation and dimensions are suitable
for a passively designed home Objective 10 The site needs minimal change to
accommodate the home
Requirements The site has a long access running east-west
and is wide enough to accommodate north Requirements Give preference to sites that:
facing living spaces without overshadowing by • are flat or gently sloping in order to minimise
neighbouring properties. cut and fill excavation (any cut and fill must
be stabilised and revegetated as soon as
Sustainability Environmental Energy possible)
goals • do not require removal of large amounts of
Social Human health
vegetation, especially deep rooted trees
Economic Running costs • avoid alteration of watercourses and
drainage patterns.

Sustainability Environmental Site impact

goals
Social -

Economic Initial costs

10 Building elements Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

Site and landscape Desirable Site and landscape Desirable

Objective 11 Landscaping contributes to the passive design Objective 12 The choice of site will assist in reducing car
of the home usage

Requirements The landscaping: Requirements The location is:

• provides daylight access to windows whilst • less than 800m from a train station or 400m
providing shading for living areas in the from a bus stop
dwelling in summer. • less than 800m from a local shopping
• provides sunlight shading for rooms on centre/facilities.
western aspect
• encourages cooling summer breezes through Sustainability Environmental Energy
the home goals
Social Sense of community
• provides protection from cold winds in
winter
Economic Community costs
• doesn’t obstruct solar access for solar hot
water panels when matured
• doesn’t create unintended obstruction of
daylight access to skylights when matured. Site and landscape Desirable

Sustainability Environmental Energy Objective 13 Maintaining privacy for the home

goals
Social Human health Requirements Where oversight into the home from
neighbouring properties and or public
Economic Running costs places, may occur, the landscaping (or other
building elements) provides screening for
appropriate privacy.
Diagram­—Site and landscape objective 11
Sustainability Environmental -
Cold winter breezes are
forced to go around the goals
home through carefully Social Security
planned landscaping Sense of community

Economic Community costs

Site and landscape Desirable

Objective 14 Termite protection does not pollute the soil
around the home

Requirements Termite barriers made from granite or stainless

steel or other non-chemical system.

Sustainability Environmental Site impact

Summer breezes are goals
able to pass through
Social Human health
carefully planned
landscaping
Economic Maintenance costs
Sustainable Homes demonstrating Smart Housing principles Building elements 11

3.2 Dwelling access Diagram­—Dwelling access objective 1

Entry hierachy is
clear from the street
This section contains criteria relating to the access to the
dwelling by owners, visitors, emergency services and the Side windows allow
prevention of illegal or uninvited access to the dwelling. visual security when
answering the door
The means of access to the home is a critical part of a socially
sustainable dwelling. Access to the dwelling should be safe
and it should be possible for persons of all ages and abilities
to arrive and enter whether they are the owner or a visitor.
Visual identification of the dwelling by visitors is a key aspect
of the arrival process, hence a clear and legible approach, as
well as clear numbering of the dwelling is important.

On the other hand it is important to be able to identify

unwanted visitors to the dwelling. The dwelling must be
secure against illegal access and as part of this, the visual
identification of visitors before they enter the dwelling (day
and night) is an important aspect of the design of the dwelling.
Paths are a minimum Entry is sheltered
width of 1200mm

Dwelling access Essential

Objective 1 Access to the main entry of the home from the
street is easy for all occupants and visitors
Sliding door
Requirements There is a clear path (accessible path) of travel
from the street or car parking area, to the home
that features:
• level thresholds (with no more than 10mm
tripping hazard)
• paths are minimum width of 1200mm
• external door (often the main entrance door),
gates and other external openings along the
accessible path are a minimum of 920mm
width allowing a clear opening of 850mm
wide (refer to general dwelling design on
page 14 for requirements in and around the No more than 10mm
dwelling). tripping hazard
• lever door handles at 900mm – 1100mm
Internal surface
above floor level change to tiles
• a maximum gradient of 1:8 for an accessible
path over short distances up to 1520mm
• a maximum gradient over longer distances of
1:14 with landings at 7 metre intervals
• an even, hard wearing, slip resistant surface
with a maximum cross fall of 1:40
• appropriate area lighting for path
identification and navigation.

Sustainability Environmental - Main entry

goals sloped threshold
Social Safety
Universal design

Economic Future modifications

12 Building elements Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

Dwelling access Essential Dwelling access Essential

Objective 2 The risk of children being run over by vehicles Objective 3 The property and its entry point are easily
is minimised identified

Requirements • Vehicular access is separated from Requirements • Property lines and private areas are defined
pedestrian access and children’s play areas by plants, paving, screens or fences.
by child resistant barriers (e.g. self-closing, • There is direct access for visitors to the
self-latching gates and doors). entrance and not to private areas.
• Pedestrian access to the dwelling is not via • The entry to the home is clearly identifiable
the driveway. and visible (day and night) from the street.

Sustainability Environmental - Sustainability Environmental -

goals goals
Social Safety Social Safety
Security
Economic Community costs
Economic -
Diagram­—Dwelling access objective 2

Dwelling access Essential

Objective 4 Emergency Services can easily find a dwelling
Pedestrians enter The fence separates
separately to cars driveway from play areas
when required

Requirements The dwelling number can easily be seen from

the street during the day and night on either
the house or mailbox. The number:
• contrasts (in colour and grey scale) against
its background
• is big enough to see from the street
• has a simple style and is preferably
reflective.
Consider painting the number on the kerb for
maximum visibility.

Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Social Safety
Security

Economic -
BBDesign

Easy to read numbers enable emergency services to find the house quickly
(Sustainable Home Redlands)
Sustainable Homes demonstrating Smart Housing principles Building elements 13

Dwelling access Essential

Objective 5 The home is secured from illegal entry

Requirements This requirement relates to all doors and

windows that can be reached from the ground
level, without using a ladder.
Doors:
• external doors, including doors linking
the garage to the house, are of solid core,
are fitted with security grilles or a double
cylinder deadlock
• glass panels within one metre of the door
are either strengthened (using security film)
or have laminated security glass panels
• provide a security system that allows
ventilation, such as a screen door, that is
fitted with triple locks and triple hinges
• the garage vehicular access door lock is
constructed to resist forced entry
• sliding panel-type doors are not able to be
lifted from their tracks. (Refer to general
dwelling design for requirements relating to
emergency egress from the home, p14)
Windows:
• are fitted with a security system, such as
security grilles or a locking system that will
enable the window to be locked in partially
opened position.

Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Social Security

Economic Running costs

Community costs

Dwelling access Essential

Objective 6 Visitors outside the home can be clearly
identified

Requirements • The front door is fitted with a peephole

which provides a 180° field of vision.
• There are laminated safety glass panels
within or adjacent to the door.
• An energy efficient sensor light is positioned
to illuminate the entrance to the home,
including the pathways in such a way that
does not cause a disabling glare which may
make identification difficult.

Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Social Security

Economic -

Safety glass panels beside the front door enable residents to visually
identify visitors (Sustainable Home Hervey Bay)
14 Building elements Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

3.3 General dwelling design General dwelling design Essential

Objective 2 Potential for safe and efficient active cooling
This section relates to aspects of the house design that are
within the home is maximised
not confined to any one area of the dwelling. This section
contains criteria relating to general accessibility and safety Requirements Ceilings are high enough (recommended
2700mm for flat ceilings):
issues, emergency egress, storage, passive design and
• to encourage high level ventilation of rising
overall household energy consumption. hot air
• for all living areas, bedrooms, kitchen and
Once inside the home, accessibility around the home is a rooms with ceiling fans to have clearance of
key aspect of design for future flexibility. Added to this is the at least 2400mm to the underside of the fan
blade from the floor.
design of details around the home such as handles for ease
of access to storage and opening doors. Sustainability Environmental Energy
goals
There are numerous hazards around the home. Sharp Social Safety
corners, stairs, balconies, high windows, ceiling fans and Human health
household chemicals are all common causes of injury around Economic Running costs
the home and these issues are addressed by criteria in this
section. Adequacy of storage in all areas of the dwelling is Diagram­—General dwelling design objective 2
another safety issue. Falls are much more likely to occur in
High ceilings allow space High level windows
the home if the home is poorly designed and/or cluttered for hot air to rise above or roof vents allow
with items because of a lack of storage space. hot air to escape

A well designed home should be suited to its climate and

should significantly reduce the need for added artificial
heating and cooling, particularly in the highly populated
sub-tropical areas of Southeast Queensland. Fundamental

2400
passive design strategies are orientation, natural ventilation,
shading, insulation and use of appropriate building
materials, fixtures and fittings. Integrating these design
responses for climate will result in other benefits such as Air movement over the skin can Clearance to the fan
improved daylighting and indoor air quality. These issues are cool the body without lowering the reduces risk of injury
actual temperature of the air
addressed by criteria in this section.

General dwelling design Essential

General dwelling design Essential
Objective 3 The risk of a child falling from a window is
Objective 1 People can quickly leave the home in the case
minimised
of an emergency
Requirements Windows with sills less than 1000mm above
Requirements For swift evacuation of the home, ensure that:
the floor level have either:
• there is a choice of internal escape paths,
• security screens, or
such as doors and windows
• openings less than 125mm, such as louvres.
• all security screens that form part of an
escape path can be opened from the inside, Windows that are likely to have climbable
without a key furniture (such as a bed, sofa, or table)
• all window locks are keyed alike beneath or adjacent to it have either:
• all door locks are keyed alike • one of the above two items, or
• doors have lever handles. • a sill height at least 1000mm higher than the
item of furniture.
Sustainability Environmental -
goals Sustainability Environmental -
Social Safety goals
Social Safety
Economic -
Economic -
Sustainable Homes demonstrating Smart Housing principles Building elements 15

General dwelling design Essential Diagram­—General dwelling design objective 4

Objective 4 Movement through the home is easy and safe
for people of all ages and abilities This line represents the
accessible path and all rooms
Requirements Accessible paths (minimum 1200mm width that can be reached by it
measured to wall linings) service the:
• main living areas
• kitchen
• at least one toilet and bathroom, including
the shower
• at least one bedroom
• outdoor rubbish storage
• undercover car parking
• outdoor clothes drying
• outdoor living space
• letter box.
All internal doors:
• are a minimum 870mm wide
• allow a minimum clear opening of 820mm,
free of any obstruction such as the
thickness of the door leaf and door stops
(refer to dwelling access objective 1 page
11 for information on external doors and
openings).
Internal and external thresholds:
• are ideally level, or
• have no more than 10mm tripping hazard.
If thresholds have a greater variation than
10mm they are:
- clearly visible by the use of contrasting
colours
- protected by non-slip edging.
Sliding door thresholds:
• should not exceed 1:8 gradient
• are to be a low profile type installed such
that the top of the channel is flush with the
finished internal floor level (for external
sliding doors).
Access to outdoor Kitchen is not
Sustainability Environmental - clothes drying a thoroughfare
goals
Social Safety
Universal design

Economic Future modifications Clear opening of a door is from the

inside of the door leaf to the inside
face of the opposite door stop. Inside face
of door leaf

Inside face
of door stop

820mm
16 Building elements Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

General dwelling design Essential General dwelling design Essential

Objective 5 Provide maximum potential for natural Objective 6 The risk of injuries on stairs is reduced
ventilation to minimise the need for artificial
cooling Requirements The stairway is well-lit by natural and artificial
light, and does not create shadows or glare.
Requirements • All living rooms and bedrooms have a
Short flights of stairs are provided or long
minimum of two openings (windows or
flights (such as over a full storey) are divided
doors) to the outside of the dwelling, or
into shorter sections by providing landings.
where this is not possible:
- louvres on internal doors to allow The stairs:
ventilation between rooms, and/or • do not have open risers (on internal stairs
- ventilated panels (fanlights) placed above only)
selected door openings. • are straight (are not spiral, have no winders,
• Windows and doors are aligned to encourage tapered or curved treads) and are built
maximum ventilation through the home. in accordance with the Building Code of
• Windows and doors are fitted with insect Australia
screens to provide protection from insects • have a reduced-slip surface
while still allowing breezes. • have a contrasting, non-slip nosing to each
• Door catches are fitted on all internal doors tread
to allow them to remain open. • have clear approach spaces of
• Latches are located for ease of reach (i.e. 1200mmx1200mm at the top and bottom of
900mm–1100mm above floor level). the stairs.
Lights are:
Sustainability Environmental Energy
• positioned to eliminate shadows from the
goals
Social Human health entire stairway
• controlled by two-way switches at the top
Economic Running costs and the bottom of the stairs.
Handrails are positioned on both sides of the
Diagram­—General dwelling design objective 5 stairs to assist people with visual and physical
impairment to safely locate and use the stairs.
The handrails:
• have a smooth surface
• run continuously along the full length of the
staircase and around intermediate landings
• continue 300mm beyond the top riser
• continue one tread width past the bottom
step and then extend a further 300m
horizontally where there is a continuous wall
(the hand rail should not extend into open
circulation space).

Sustainability Environmental -
Aligning windows goals
and doors improves Social Safety
cross-ventilation
Universal design

Economic -

Vents above or beside

doors increases ventilation
Sustainable Homes demonstrating Smart Housing principles Building elements 17

General dwelling design Essential General dwelling design Essential

Objective 7 The dwelling facilitates indoor and outdoor Objective 9 There is adequate storage space
living
Requirements Storage is provided in each bedroom, kitchen,
Requirements There is both a direct visual and physical bathroom and laundry and features:
relationship via an accessible path, between • a broom cupboard, which may be included
the internal and external living areas and in one of the above rooms
play areas. • height adjustable shelving located out of
corners for ease of access
Sustainability Environmental Energy
• cupboard hinges which swing 170°
goals
Social Human health • adequate lighting.
The laundry and kitchen are both fitted with a
Economic - minimum of one lockable cabinet, inaccessible
to children and fitted with magnetic,
child-resistant latches, for the safe storage of:
Diagram­—General dwelling design objective 7
• kitchen detergents and cleaning agents
KITCHEN DINING • medicines
• laundry detergents and cleaning agents.

Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Lines for physical Social Universal design
connection Safety

View lines Economic Future modifications

Community costs
DECK

General dwelling design Essential

Objective 10 Reduce energy consumption for drying clothes

Requirements The dwelling has external clothes drying areas

or an area with a fixed clothesline that:
• receives sunlight (direct or filtered) for a
period of the day throughout the year
• is open to breezes.
Consider installing a drying cupboard that uses
the excess of a constant source of heat, such
as a refrigerator or a hot water tank.

Sustainability Environmental Energy

goals
General dwelling design Essential Social -

Objective 8 Balconies are designed to be safe for children Economic Running costs

Requirements Balconies are designed:

• in accordance with the Building Code of
Australia’s ‘non-climbable’ balustrade
requirements to prevent small children being
able to climb over them
• not allow loose objects to fall through
• not allow heavy objects (such as pot plants)
to be placed on them in case they fall.

Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Social Safety

Economic -
18 Building elements Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

General dwelling design Essential General dwelling design Essential

Objective 11 Maximise natural daylight to minimise the Objective 12 People of all ages and abilities can easily and
need for artificial lighting safely open and close doors, cupboards and
drawers
Requirements • No point within the house should be further
than 4m away from a source of daylight, Requirements • All internal swing doors have lever door
which is provided without solar glare issues; handles affixed between 900mm and
typically this would be a window, but 1100mm above the finished floor level.
skylights, light tubes or clerestory windows • D-shape or bow-shape handles are fitted to
could be used in deeper areas of a dwelling, all drawers and cupboard doors.
and multi-storey voids including stair wells. • All drawers are on runners and fitted with
• Daylight is best delivered to a space from stops.
more than one direction.
Sustainability Environmental -
Sustainability Environmental Energy goals
goals Social Universal design
Social Safety Safety
Economic Running costs Economic Future modifications

Diagram­—General dwelling design objective 11 Diagram­—General dwelling design objective 12

4000

900 1100

Simple Provide an appropriate

4000 motion gap to allow people
of limited grasp to be
able to grip handles

General dwelling design Essential

Objective 13 Injury from sharp corners is minimised

Requirements Exposed edges of all benches (for example,

in the kitchen, bathroom and laundry) are
rounded or truncated.

4000 Sustainability Environmental -

goals
Social Safety
Universal design

Economic -
Sustainable Homes demonstrating Smart Housing principles Building elements 19

General dwelling design Essential General dwelling design Desirable

Objective 14 The dwelling design provides a comfortable Objective 16 Casual surveillance of the street and other
internal environment to reduce the need for adjoining public land is encouraged
artificial heating and cooling
Requirements There is a clear line of sight from the kitchen
Requirements Minimum 5 star energy rated house can be and or living areas to the street and/ or public
achieved either through ‘deemed to satisfy’ land adjoining the property.
(DTS) provisions or by using approved software
packages. AccuRate, BERSPro and FirstRate5 Sustainability Environmental -
are approved 2nd generation software goals
products suitable for providing a house’s Social Sense of community
energy rating for Queensland’s climate. Security
Note: BCA energy efficiency requirements Safety
are also applied, where practical, to
house extensions that require a building Economic -
development application.
Diagram­—General dwelling design objective 16
Sustainability Environmental Energy
goals
Social Human health STREET

Economic Running cost

General dwelling design Desirable

Objective 15 The structural integrity of the home is
maintained

Requirements The design of the home facilitates longevity

and low maintenance through considerations
such as:
Active spaces in the
• external garden taps either located away home like outdoor
from the footings of the home or have hard- patios, living rooms,
paved, well-drained areas built underneath dining rooms or kitchens
• rainwater box gutters are avoided or should be positioned
to achieve maximum
designed appropriately when they are
natural surveillance
necessary
• rainwater gutters are protected from leaf
litter
• site drainage systems (e.g. for cut and fill
sites) are well designed to minimise erosion
and sediment
• gardens are kept away from external walls
• retaining walls do not impede natural run-off
• house designed to allow appropriate
distance from retained trees i.e. to avoid root
damage or damage from falling branches. PARK/NEIGHBOUR’S BACKYARD

Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Social Safety
Human comfort
Human health

Economic Maintenance costs

20 Building elements Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

General dwelling design Desirable General dwelling design Desirable

Objective 17 Zoning for passive design Objective 19 Shading and window treatment for prevention
of unwanted heat gain and reduction of glare
Requirements Where possible, living rooms, kitchen and
bedrooms are positioned to the north and Requirements • Shading is provided to windows and glazed
east, and bathrooms, laundry, and garage are doors to prevent the direct incidence of low
positioned to the south and west. angled solar radiation into living spaces.
This could be in the form of vegetation, fixed
Sustainability Environmental Energy or adjustable shading or blinds.
goals • Windows that have most sun exposure,
Social Human health especially those on the northern and
western aspects, have treated glazing, such
Economic Running costs as tints or ‘low-e’ glass.
Refer to sunpath diagrams on
Diagram­—General dwelling design objective 17 www.smarthousing.qld.gov.au

Sustainability Environmental Energy

goals
Social Human comfort

Economic Running costs

Diagram­—General dwelling design objective 19

3pm/9am sun

SETTING SUN
Summer Winter

Bathroom, laundry,
toilet and garage

Kitchen, bedroom Blinds or

and living areas shades
Setting/rising sun
Outdoor living areas

Vegetation

Summer Winter
RISING SUN

General dwelling design Desirable Diagram­—General dwelling design objective 18

Objective 18 Roof design aids in controlling heat flow Light colours reflect sunlight
into dwelling reducing the need for artificial reducing heat load on the building
cooling

Requirements The dwelling should have: Vent in

Align gable ends with
• a light-coloured roof to deflect heat from gable ends
dominant breezes
entering the home
• roof-ridge vents, eave (slot) vents and vents
fitted to soffits and gable ends of the roof
to allow a cross flow of air through the roof
cavity.

Environmental Ventilated
Sustainability Energy
eaves promote
goals cross-ventilation
Social Human health

Economic Running cost

Sustainable Homes demonstrating Smart Housing principles Building elements 21

3.4 Building materials and finishes Building materials and finishes Essential
Objective 2 On-site construction waste is minimised
This section covers issues relating to building materials,
their potential wastage and their effects on the quality of the Requirements The owner, builder and designer work
indoor environment of the dwelling. It is important not to together to:
• design the home using standard material
oversize a house as this will lead to excessive material use
and product sizes
in construction, but more importantly will lead to excessive • re-use existing building materials and
energy consumption for the heating, cooling and lighting of recycled products
the house over its life. • develop and implement a waste
management plan (approved by the local
There are a number of strategies that can be used to council or relevant authority).
minimise material waste from the construction process, Sustainability Environmental Materials and waste
including the use of standard sized materials and elements, goals
Social -
modular design, prefabrication, and the implementation
of a waste management plan. Waste reduction during Economic Community costs
the occupation of the home through recycling should be
facilitated by the dwelling design.
Building materials and finishes Essential
Many modern building materials contain chemicals (often
called Volatile Organic Compounds or VOCs) that are harmful Objective 3 Use of safe insulation material
to human health. In many cases these chemicals can be Requirements Insulation material is non-toxic and does not
released into the environment once the materials are in place create indoor air pollutants in the dwelling.
within the building. A key strategy for creating a high quality
Sustainability Environmental Materials and waste
indoor environment is to minimise the materials used that goals
create indoor air pollutants. Paints and stains, glues and Social Human health
adhesives, composite timber products, and flooring products Economic -
such as carpets are all prime sources of chemical emissions
in the home. An additional strategy is to provide a well
ventilated home to promote fresh air.
Building materials and finishes Essential
Designing and detailing a dwelling for longevity and low Objective 4 The impact of construction materials over their
maintenance requirements is another key strategy for reducing whole life cycle is considered
material usage and wastage over the life of the dwelling. Requirements Construction materials and products are
selected based on balancing the following
environmental criteria:
Building materials and finishes Essential • ability to be recycled
Objective 1 Achieving an optimally sized dwelling for the • sustainable sources
owner to minimise material usage and waste • low embodied energy (the energy used in
their manufacture and transport)
Requirements A smaller, well-designed home meets the • low pollution from manufacturing
needs of the owners and occupiers throughout • low transport costs
all stages of their life. Consider: • minimal environmental impact
• number of bedrooms needed • durability and minimal maintenance
• dual and triple-purpose rooms • non-hazardous
• undercover outdoor primary living spaces • locally available
that are a natural part of the home design.
• eco-labelling or certification.
Sustainability Environmental Materials and waste
Sustainability Environmental Materials and waste
goals Energy goals Energy
Social Universal design Social Human health
Economic Initial costs Economic Community costs
Running costs
22 Building elements Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

Building materials and finishes Essential Building materials and finishes Essential
Objective 5 Household waste is reduced Objective 8 Composite timber products contribute to good
indoor air quality
Requirements Facility for easy recycling of household
waste is provided in a central location within Requirements • Composite timber products used within the
the dwelling. This could include separate dwelling are rated at a minimum of E1—this
containers for organic waste, recyclable waste includes MDF and particle board.
and non-recyclable waste with fitted lid to • Plywood used within the dwelling has ‘A’
prevent pest and vermin access. bond glues (low VOC’s).

Sustainability Environmental Materials and waste Sustainability Environmental -

goals goals
Social - Social Human health

Economic Community costs Economic Initial costs

Building materials and finishes Essential Building materials and finishes Desirable
Objective 6 The risk of rapidly spreading fire, and toxic gas Objective 9 Flooring products contribute to good indoor
release during a fire, is reduced air quality

Requirements Use non-combustible and low formaldehyde Requirements Utilise the following flooring products:
content materials within the dwelling (e.g. E1 • linoleum or cork glued with natural rubber
or E0 rated MDF, plywood and particleboard, latex
if these products are used) and use low VOC
• sisal, coir or jute flooring
paints.
• hard finished flooring such as ceramic tiles
Sustainability Environmental Materials and waste • timber finished with plant based hard oils or
goals waxes
Social Safety • jute or recycled textile underlay.
Human health
Sustainability Environmental -
Economic Community costs goals
Social Human health

Economic -
Building materials and finishes Essential
Objective 7 Finishing products contribute to good indoor
air quality Building materials and finishes Desirable

Requirements Allow for good ventilation both during Objective 10 Flooring products are safe and durable
construction and after occupancy. Select
finishing materials that: Requirements Ensure the flooring is:
• have been pre-dried • slip resistant and non-reflective
• are quick drying • hard-wearing and easy to clean.
• use water as the solvent, and/or
Sustainability Environmental -
• are classed as zero or low VOC (volatile goals
organic compound). Social Safety
Sustainability Environmental - Economic Maintenance costs
goals
Social Human health

Economic -
Sustainable Homes demonstrating Smart Housing principles Building elements 23

3.5 Plumbing and drainage Plumbing and drainage Essential

Objective 2 Hot water supply is efficient
This section covers issues relating to plumbing and drainage
systems that are not specific to any one space within the Requirements • Hot water pipes are insulated.
dwelling. For example water efficient appliances are covered • The hot water system is located as close
as possible to the areas where hot water is
here as they occur in laundry, kitchen and bathrooms, but
needed.
toilet accessibility is covered under bathrooms, as toilets only • Wet areas in the dwelling are grouped close
occur in those rooms or separately. to each other.

Water is emerging to be as big an issue or perhaps even Sustainability Environmental Energy

goals Water
bigger than greenhouse gas emissions in the Australian
context (not withstanding that the two may be part of Social -
the same issue). The reduction in consumption of mains
Economic Running costs
supplied water in the household is a critical goal of
Community costs
sustainable housing in Queensland. To this end, strategies
such as rainwater capture and re-use, grey water systems,
Diagram­—Objective 2
water efficient appliances, and composting toilets are all
considered in this section.

Household reductions in consumption of municipal water

and reductions in inputs to sewage and stormwater systems
will, in turn, ease the stress on community infrastructure
potentially saving millions of dollars of public funding by
delaying or eliminating the need for new infrastructure.

Water usage also affects energy consumption through the

supply of hot water. The efficiency of the hot water system
and supply to points of use is a source of major reductions in
household energy consumption.
Core arrangement Linear arrangement Split arrangement

Plumbing and drainage Essential Hot water system Wet area (kitchen, bathroom, ensuite, etc)

Objective 1 The hot water system is energy efficient

Requirements The hot water system is either a:

• solar system (electric gas boosted) or heat
Plumbing and drainage Essential
pump with a minimum of 24 Renewable
Energy Certificates (RECs), or Objective 3 Plumbing fittings can be used easily by people
• gas system (instantaneous or storage) with a of all ages and abilities
5 star AGA energy rating (supply either from
reticulated natural gas or bottles LPG). Requirements All taps are either half-turn lever taps or a lever
mixer style.
Sustainability Environmental Energy
goals Sustainability Environmental -
Social - goals
Social Universal design
Economic Running costs
Economic Future modifications
24 Building elements Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

Plumbing and drainage Essential Plumbing and drainage Essential

Objective 4 Plumbing fittings efficiently use hot and cold Objective 6 Consumption of mains water supply is reduced
water
Requirements A water tank, to collect rainwater from the
Requirements • All internal water taps have a minimum roofs of the dwelling, garage and any storage
4 star Water Efficiency Labelling and shed, is installed that:
Standards (WELS) rating. • has at least 3,000 litre capacity for small lots
• There are separate taps for hot and cold and 5,000 litres for larger lots
water, or • has a first flush device, mesh strainer and is
• mixer taps automatically return to the cold mosquito proofed
water position after being turned off or only • is connected for use in the gardens, all
provide cold water in the middle position. toilets and the cold water outlet in the
• Toilets have a certified minimum 4 star WELS laundry.
rating. The tank will need mains back-up connection
• All whitegood appliances (washing machine, through either a trickle or top-up system or an
dishwasher, etc) are minimum 4 star WELS automatic switching device.
rated).
Note: Check with local government as
regulations apply and vary.
Sustainability Environmental Energy
goals
Sustainability Environmental Water
Social -
goals
Social -
Economic Running cost
Community costs Economic Running costs
Community costs

Plumbing and drainage Essential

Objective 5 The risk of scalding is minimised Plumbing and drainage Desirable
Objective 7 Reduce water usage and waste going to sewer
Requirements • Shower taps are located in a convenient
location and away from the water outlet.
Requirements • Install a grey water storage and reuse system
• A tempering device is installed on the hot (e.g. water from basins, shower, washing
water system to deliver heated water at a machines)
temperature of no more than 50°C.
• Consider installing a composting toilet.
Sustainability Environmental - Note: Check with local government as
goals regulations apply and vary.
Social Safety
Sustainability Environmental Water
Economic - goals
Social -

Diagram­—Objective 5 Economic Community costs

Shower entry
1100
900

Grey water storage and reuse systems help to reduce water usage
(Sustainable Home Hervey Bay)
Sustainable Homes demonstrating Smart Housing principles Building elements 25

3.6 Electrical, lighting and gas Electrical, lighting and gas Essential
Objective 3 Stoves and ovens are safe to use
This section covers energy consumption, safety and universal
design issues associated with the delivery, use of electricity, Requirements • All gas appliances and range hoods have a
gas and lighting in and around the home. As per the plumbing flue to the outside.
• Gas cook top (if used) has an emergency
and drainage section, the strategies covered here relate to
cut-out switch installed.
systems that are not specific to one area of the home. • The wall oven (if fitted) is securely mounted.
• An anti-tilt bracket or iron-stove lock is fitted
A major factor in the energy consumption of a household to upright stoves and ovens (ideally the oven
is the operational efficiency of the appliances and lighting. could have side opening door and the mid-
High efficiency is one of the key strategies required in these shelf of oven in line with the bench height).
Design Objectives. Sustainability Environmental -
goals
The source of energy is also a key factor in its sustainability. Social Safety
Natural gas as a source of energy for cooking is a more
Economic -
sustainable solution than electricity supplied from a coal
fired power station. Furthermore, the sustainable production
of electricity on site, such as by photovoltaic cells, connected
Electrical, lighting and gas Essential
to a net billing arrangement with the provider (commonly
referred to as ‘feed-in’ tariff), is an excellent way to reduce Objective 4 Electrical layout maximises the safety of using
electrical appliances
household greenhouse gas emissions.
Requirements Install sufficient power points located with
regard to likely furniture and appliance
Electrical, lighting and gas Essential arrangements.
If the mains power switch(es) is located
Objective 1 Maintenance of light fittings can be achieved externally to the home, a padlock is fitted
safely (contact your electricity provider for details of
appropriate locks).
Requirements Where light fittings require access by a
stepladder, the ground under the fitting is flat Sustainability Environmental -
and stable. goals
Social Safety
Sustainability Environmental - Universal design
goals
Social Safety Economic Future modifications

Economic -

Electrical, lighting and gas Essential

Electrical, lighting and gas Essential Objective 5 Reduce the likelihood of electrical items
coming into contact with water
Objective 2 Electrical appliances are energy efficient
Requirements • Install a shelf above the vanity unit, with
Requirements All appliances have a minimum energy power points, to hold electrical items such
performance rating of 4 stars (dishwashers, as a hair dryer and electric shaver.
refrigerators, washing machines, dryers, air
• Position a fixed light (or lights) near
conditioners).
the vanity mirror to provide adequate
illumination for shaving, make-up etc, so
Sustainability Environmental Energy
that portable lamps are not required.
goals
Social -
Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Economic Running costs
Social Safety

Economic -
26 Building elements Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

Electrical, lighting and gas Essential Electrical, lighting and gas Desirable
Objective 6 Occupants can use light and power switches Objective 9 Stoves and ovens are energy efficient
and telephone outlets easily
Requirements • The cook top uses natural gas (where
Requirements • Large rocker-type light switches are used possible).
throughout the home. • The oven is either gas or fan-forced electric.
• Switches are positioned between 900mm
and 1110mm above the finished floor level. Sustainability Environmental Energy
• Power points and telephone outlets are goals
positioned at least 600mm from the finished Social -
floor level and at least 500mm out from the
corners of rooms. Economic Running costs

Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Social Universal design Electrical, lighting and gas Desirable

Economic Future modifications Objective 10 Climate control systems contribute to good

indoor air quality

Requirements Where climate control systems are installed

they are minimally sufficient for their area ‘fit
Electrical, lighting and gas Essential
for purpose’, and are either:
Objective 7 Artificial lighting, both inside and outside, is • reverse cycle air conditioning; or
energy efficient • natural gas with a flue to the outside of the
home
Requirements The installed lighting is predominantly
fluorescent tubes or compact fluorescent lights Sustainability Environmental Energy
for ambient lighting. goals
Social Human health
Sustainability Environmental Energy
goals Economic Running costs
Social -

Economic Running costs

Electrical, lighting and gas Desirable
Objective 11 Produce electricity on-site by sustainable
Electrical, lighting and gas Desirable means

Objective 8 Artificial lighting, both inside and outside, Requirements Install a minimum 1kW minimum
adds to the safety and quality of the home PV system in a position where it has relatively
unobstructed solar access throughout the
Requirements The installed lighting: entire year.
• is consistent throughout the home
Other forms of on-site power production such
• is sufficient for work surfaces, such as as wind or micro-hydro would also qualify—
kitchen benches, bathroom vanities and consult local government for necessary
reading positions (e.g. lounges) approvals.
• enables perception of changes of levels in
entrances, paths and steps Sustainability Environmental Energy
• is available and has switches in all goals
accessible areas, including hallways and Social -
store rooms
• is directed or diffused to avoid glare where Economic Running costs
required.

Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Social Safety
Human comfort

Economic -
Sustainable Homes demonstrating Smart Housing principles Building elements 27

3.7 Kitchen design Kitchen design Essential

Objective 2 Injuries in the working area of the kitchen are
The safety and universal design of the kitchen are the key
minimised
focus of criteria in this section. The kitchen is often described
as the hub of the dwelling as there is often a large amount Requirements The kitchen’s design ensures that:
• it does not double as primary thoroughfare
of activity, in and around the kitchen. It is also the space of
• the location of ovens and stove tops is away
the dwelling that contains the most potential hazards. The from cupboard ends, drawers, doorways and
following strategies increase safety in the kitchen: ensure windows.
the kitchen is not a thoroughfare, locate ovens and stoves To allow safe handling of hot and heavy items,
away from cupboard ends, doors and windows and provide kitchen bench tops:
• are heat resistant and continuous
adequate bench space.
• have set-down spaces of a minimum of
450mm width beside the oven/cook top,
In recognition of the kitchen as the hub of the dwelling it
microwave oven and sink.
is a useful strategy to provide for such a role through the
provision of ‘social’ space within or in close proximity to the Sustainability Environmental -
goals
kitchen. However, this space must not interrupt and create Social Safety
hazards within the functional areas of the kitchen.
Economic -
After hot water systems and air conditioning, the refrigerator
consumes the most energy of any appliance in the typical Diagram­—Objective 2
Queensland household. Good ventilation around the 450mm for safe setdown of
refrigeration coils is the key strategy to reducing refrigerator hot objects is provided
energy consumption.
Stove is away from windows, Fridge and pantry are
drawers, doorways and accessible without the
Kitchen design Essential cupboard ends need to enter the kitchen

Objective 1 People of all abilities can safely and efficiently

use the kitchen
Kitchen is not a
thoroughfare
Requirements • There is an approach clearance of 1550mm
minimum in front of all benches, storage and
appliances.
• Cupboard internals feature:
- height adjustable shelving
- a sink bowl depth of ideally no more than
150mm.

Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Social Safety
Universal design

Economic -
28 Building elements Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

Kitchen design Desirable Kitchen design Desirable

Objective 3 The refrigerator is operated efficiently using Objective 5 Stoves and ovens are positioned to maximise
minimum energy energy efficiency

Requirements The refrigerator should: Requirements • Stoves have a flue to the exterior of the
• have the highest energy star rating dwelling (not to the ceiling space).
• is in a ventilated position, away from sources • Stoves and ovens are located away from
of heat. draughts.
The refrigerator cavity has: Sustainability Environmental Energy
• a flue to the outside (either through a wall or goals
the ceiling) to allow heat to escape Social -
• floor vents.
Economic Running costs
Sustainability Environmental Energy
goals
Social -

Economic Running costs

Kitchen design Desirable

Objective 4 Social and family activities may occur safely in
close proximity to the functional areas of the
kitchen

Requirements Provision is made for social and family

activities (such as homework, casual dining
or entertaining guests) to occur within close
visual and hearing proximity of the kitchen.
This may be via:
• a breakfast bench type arrangement
• an adjoining dining room.

Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Social Sense of community

Economic -

Diagram­—Objective 4
Members of the family or guests can interact during
cooking activities without being in the kitchen.

Ensure the kitchen is not a thoroughfare, carefully plan the location of the
stove and provide adequate bench space (Research House)
Sustainable Homes demonstrating Smart Housing principles Building elements 29

3.8 Bathroom/toilet design Bathroom/toilet design Essential

Objective 2 A toilet can be used by people of all abilities
The key issue covered in this section is the safety and
universal design of bathrooms and toilets to ensure persons Requirements There is at least one toilet that:
of all abilities, be they homeowners or visitors, can use the • can be reached via an accessible path
• has a semi-recessed hand basin
facilities adequately. In addition the issue of humidity in
• has minimum floor dimensions of 1600mm
bathrooms is addressed. Mould and bacteria growth due to width and 2000mm length
prolonged levels of high humidity is a major cause of allergic • has two adjacent walls reinforced with 12mm
reactions. The main strategy to reduce this problem is good plywood (for potential future installation of
grab rails).
ventilation of potentially affected spaces.
Note: this toilet area can be incorporated into
the accessible bathroom above.

Bathroom/toilet design Essential Sustainability Environmental -

goals
Objective 1 A bathroom can be used by a diverse range of Social Universal design
people
Economic Future modifications
Requirements There is at least one bathroom that:
• can be reached via an accessible path
• has a vanity that is either semi-recessed, Diagram­—Objective 2
wall-hung, or a pedestal type (not a drop-in
type)
2000 1600
• has a step-free shower (without a hob) with
an adjustable shower head height
• has walls around the shower that are
reinforced with 12mm plywood (for potential
future installation of grab rails).

Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Social Universal design
Reinforced
walls
Economic Future modifications

Semi-recessed
Diagram­—Objective 1 hand basin
Adjustable
shower-head
Reinforced
walls

Bathroom/toilet design Essential

Objective 3 The growth of mould and bacteria is inhibited
by good ventilation

Requirements • There is at least one opening window in each

bathroom.
• There is an extraction fan in each bathroom
and toilet.

Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Social Human health
Semi-recessed Step-free
basin floor Economic Maintenance costs
30 Building elements Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

3.9 Bedroom design Bedroom design Essential

Objective 2 Good visibility to the outside from the bed
The key issue covered in this section is the universal design
of at least one bedroom in the home to ensure persons of all Requirements • A window is installed in each bedroom, no
abilities can use the dwelling adequately. higher than 600mm from the floor measured
from the sill, which allows visual connection
to the outside from the bed.
• Windows are provided with appropriate
Bedroom design Essential shading for the sill height.
Objective 1 The bedrooms can be used by a diverse range
Sustainability Environmental -
of people
goals
Social Universal design
Requirements There is at least one bedroom that:
Human comfort
• can be reached via an accessible path
• can accommodate a 1500mm x 2000mm bed Economic Future modifications
• has 1200mm clearance on both sides of the
bed
• has 1500mm clearance on the third side Diagram­—Objective 2
(usually includes clearance in front of
wardrobe)
• 1500mm clearance in front of the wardrobe
wherever it is located
• has at least one light switch for ambient Awning protects window
lighting and one power point that can be in summer and lets in the Summer sun
winter sun
easily reached from the bed
• has a telephone point near a powerpoint Winter sun
suitable for cordless phone connection.

Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Social Universal design

Economic Future modifications

Diagram­—Objective 1 600mm

Light switch plus powerpoint

accessible from bed View to outside from bed

1200mm

1200mm

1500mm in front
of wardrobes

Accessible
path
An accessible bedroom features adequate space around the bed and a
light and phone within reach from the bed (Sustainable Home Toowoomba)
Sustainable Homes demonstrating Smart Housing principles Building elements 31

3.10 Laundry design

The key issue covered in this section is the safety and
universal design of the laundry to ensure persons of all
abilities can use the space adequately.

Laundry design Essential

Objective 1 The laundry can be used by a diverse range
of people

Requirements The laundry:

• can be reached via an accessible path
• has an accessible outdoor clothes line
• has an approach clearance of 1550mm
minimum in front of all benches, storage and
appliances
• taps located for ease of access (e.g. on side
wall).

Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Social Safety
Universal design

Economic Future modifications

Adequate room in front of benches, storage and appliances makes the

laundry safer to use (Sustainable Home Hervey Bay)
32 Building elements Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

3.11 Outdoor living area design Outdoor living area design Essential
Objective 3 Outdoor areas are safe for children’s play
Queenslanders spend a lot of their time outside the home
activities
and this is to be encouraged, however making the outdoor
living spaces safe for users, especially children, is key to their Requirements There are no plants in the garden that:
• are poisonous or allergenic
success as useful living spaces.
• have thorns or spikes.
Providing protection from the sun is a critical undertaking for All water features, drains and gully traps are:
all users. Play areas for children must be secure and must be • secured against access by small children
free from hazards such as poisonous plants and unsafe water • maintained to prevent mosquito breeding.

features. Sustainability Environmental -

goals
Social Safety
Human health
Outdoor living area design Essential
Objective 1 Sun protection is provided for outdoor areas Economic -

Requirements • Designated children’s play areas, and

outdoor entertainment areas, are covered
with effective sunshade structures.

BBDesign
• Swimming pools (if installed) have at least
50% sunshade provision.
• Houses have at least 12m2 of covered
outdoor living space.
• Units have at least 10m2 of covered outdoor
living space.

Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Social Human health

Economic -

Outdoor living area design Essential

An outdoor area protected by the sun allows occupants to enjoy the outdoors
Objective 2 Outdoor areas are secure for children’s play safely (Sustainable Home Redlands)
activities

Requirements • Play areas are separated from driveways by

self-locking gates or other barrier.
• A non-climbable fenced area, suitable for
small children, has a lockable, self-latching
and self-closing gate.
• All domestic pools and spas have lockable,
self-latching and self-closing gates as well as
legally compliant pool fencing.
• Outdoor play areas (including pools) can
easily be seen from the main indoor and
outdoor living areas.

Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Social Security
Safety

Economic -

Self-locking gates provide a barrier between children’s play areas and the
driveway (Research House)
Sustainable Homes demonstrating Smart Housing principles Building elements 33

3.12 Garage and shed design Garage and shed design Essential
Objective 3 Minimise the risk of injuries with outdoor
The garage forms a key part of the accessible design of
tools and outdoor chemicals
the dwelling. For those with limited mobility, travel by car
may be the only feasible option. Hence access to and from Requirements A lockable place is provided, inaccessible
to children and intruders, where gardening
the dwelling and garage is of particular importance. The equipment, power tools, mower fuels, motor
internal dimensions of a garage or carport must take into oils, chemicals, paints, garden fertilisers,
consideration the additional access requirements. pesticides and other poisons can be stored,
which is also:
Garages and sheds are places where potentially dangerous • naturally ventilated
• away from the main living areas of the home.
equipment and chemicals are kept. Providing secure storage
for such items is a key safety consideration for the dwelling. Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Garages are also a major source of indoor air pollutants for Social Safety
the home. Car fumes can easily infiltrate the living areas of
Economic -
the dwelling. To reduce this problem, the garage should be
divided from the living space.

Ideally, garages should be located on the western side of the Garage and shed design Desirable
house to reduce the heat load from the summer sun. Objective 4 Garage designed for multiple use

Requirements Garage space designed and finished to

encourage multiple use (i.e. can be opened up
Garage and shed design Essential
to use as entertainment area).
Objective 1 The garage can be used by a diverse range
of people Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Requirements The garage/carport is easily accessed from Social Human health
the dwelling along an accessible path (the
accessible path is covered, but does not have Economic -
to be enclosed). For a single carport or garage
the minimum width of the space is 3.8m.

Sustainability Environmental -
goals
Social Safety
Universal design

Economic Future modifications

Garage and shed design Essential

Objective 2 Exposure to car fumes is minimised

Requirements Car accommodation:

• is sealed or divided from the living spaces
of the home
• has good potential for natural ventilation.

Sustainability Environmental -
goals This garage opens both ends allowing the space to be used as an
entertainment area (Sustainable Home Kirwan)
Social Human health

Economic -
34 Regulatory requirements Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

4 Regulatory requirements
Currently in Queensland a range of basic regulatory An energy efficient hot water system can be either solar,
requirements apply to housing to promote sustainability in gas or heat pump. If mains water pressure exceeds or could
new housing, renovations and at point-of-sale for existing exceed 500kPa, a water pressure limiting device is required
homes. to be installed so that the maximum operating pressure
within the property does not exceed 500kPa (subject to
Under the Building Code of Australia, new housing (Class 1
confirmation with council).
buildings) in Queensland are required to achieve a minimum
3.5 star energy efficient equivalent rating on the building New homes in Queensland are required to comply with Water
envelope (i.e. roof, walls and floors). Compliance with this Savings Targets (except in areas where the council has been
standard can be achieved either through ‘deemed to satisfy’ granted an exemption).
(DTS) provisions or by using approved software packages.
For most new homes this will mean the inclusion of a
AccuRate, BERSPro and FirstRate5 are approved 2nd
rainwater tank. For detached houses to achieve the water
generation software products more suitable for providing a
savings target of 70kL per year, they will need to install a
house’s energy rating for Queensland’s climate.
minimum 5000 litre tank. For non-detached houses,
The Queensland Government is considering raising this such as terrace houses and townhouses, to achieve
requirement to 5 stars in the near future. water savings of 42kL per year, they will need to install a
minimum 3000 litre tank. Tanks must also be mosquito
The following table presents an overview of the Queensland’s
proofed.
‘Sustainable Living’ requirements and how they apply to
different housing types. At point-of-sale for existing homes, smoke alarms and
an electrical safety switch are required as mandatory
New houses, safety items.
townhouses, Major
Measure terrace houses New units renovations If a pool is on the property, it must be fenced and maintained
Dual-flush in accordance with the requirements at the time of approval.
  
toilets
All hot water systems installed, including replacement
AAA-rated
   systems, are required to have a tempering device installed (to
showerheads
minimise scalding from hot water).
Energy efficient
 
lighting
Check regulations as these may change.
Greenhouse-
efficient hot 
water systems
Water pressure-

limiting devices

A dual-flush toilet is defined as a 3 star cistern (6/3 litre

system). AAA-rated shower roses are now the equivalent of 3
star WELS rated (9 litres/minute). Energy efficient lighting is
40% of floor area (outlets), including the garage area.

Fluorescent lights (tubes) or compact fluorescent lights

(CFL’s) are currently the only acceptable solution for energy
efficient lighting.
Sustainable Homes demonstrating Smart Housing principles Rebates 35

5 Rebates and financial incentives

A number of rebate schemes have been set up to help with
the cost of ‘greening’ specific areas of the home. Availability
may vary across local governments. For more information
refer to the rebate programs listed below.

Home and Garden WaterWise Rebate Schemes

Queensland-wide. Check with your local council for water
rebates.
www.nrw.qld.gov.au/water/saverscheme/rebate_schemes
 1800 243 585

Solar Hot Water Rebate Program

For replacing electric hot water systems.
www.greenhouse.gov.au/solarhotwater
 1800 808 571

Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)

Available usually at point-of-sale for both solar and heat
pump hot water systems.
www.orer.gov.au/recs
 02 6274 2192

Residential Gas Installation Rebate Scheme

For replacing electric hot water systems.
www.dme.qld.gov.au/energy/gas_rebate.cfm
 07 3247 3254

Solar Homes and Communities Plan

For the installation of solar photovoltaic systems on homes
and community use buildings.
www.greenhouse.gov.au/renewable/pv
 1300 138 122

Some leading financial institutions are beginning to

recognise the benefits of sustainable building and offer
a range of ‘green home loans’ as well as ‘green product
loans’ including:
• Bendigo Bank
(www.bendigobank.com.au or call 1300 366 666)
• mecu
(www.mecu.com.au or call 13 2888)
• Maleny Credit Union
(www.malenycu.com.au or call 07 5494 2144)
• Westpac
(www.westpac.com.au or call 13 1900).
36 Design Objectives Checklist Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

Smart and Sustainable Homes

Design Objectives Checklist
Smart and Sustainable Homes demonstrate good practice in make it a more liveable, safe, secure, cost-efficient and
designing, planning and building homes to make them more environmentally friendly dwelling in which to live.
socially, environmentally and economically sustainable.
A minimum of 80% of the Essential criteria need to be met
This checklist is a summary of the principles and objectives to achieve the requirements of the Design Objectives, as
that are detailed in the Smart and Sustainable Homes Design well as a minimum of 20% of the Desirable criteria. There
Objectives (Design Objectives) ­— refer to this document for is also scope to provide an alternative to the requirements
the requirements to achieve each criterion. If the majority outlined in the Design Objectives. If an alternative solution
of the items below are met, the home will be more likely is provided, tick the ‘Alternative’ box, and provide a brief
to meet the changing needs of the occupants, as well as summary at the end of the checklist.

Project Name /Address Date of Assessment

Name of person completing checklist: Relationship to home (e.g. owner, builder, architect)

Environment Social Economic

Essential criteria

Future Modifications
Sense of community
Materials and waste

Maintenance costs

Community costs
Universal design
Human comfort
Human health

Running costs
Initial costs
Site impact

Alternative
Achieved
Security
Energy

Safety
Water

Criteria Objective
Site and landscape Relates to site selection, landscaping, planting and pest
protection
Objective 1 Site conditions are assessed for a passively designed home to be • • •
constructed
Objective 2 The loss of biodiversity is minimised •
Objective 3 The design of the home, and landscaping, uses land efficiently • •
Objective 4 Soil degradation (and need for fertilisers), sediment run off and • • •
storm water runoff has been reduced
Objective 5 The home does not significantly reduce privacy or daylight to • • •
adjacent dwellings
Objective 6 Landscaping reduces need for water, chemical and energy inputs • • • • •
Objective 7 Creating a secure home and neighbourhood • • •
Objective 8 Consider all natural hazards • • •
Dwelling access Access by owners, visitors, emergency services and prevention
of uninvited access
Objective 1 Access to the main entry of the home from the street is easy for • • •
all occupants and visitors
Objective 2 The risk of children being run over by vehicles is minimised • •
Objective 3 The property and its entry point are easily identified • •

Objective 4 Emergency Services can easily find a dwelling when required • •

Objective 5 The home is secured from illegal entry • • •
Objective 6 Visitors outside the home can be clearly identified •
Sustainable Homes demonstrating Smart Housing principles Design Objectives Checklist 37

Environment Social Economic

Essential criteria (continued)

Future Modifications
Sense of community
Materials and waste

Maintenance costs

Community costs
Universal design
Human comfort
Human health

Running costs
Initial costs
Site impact

Alternative
Achieved
Security
Energy

Safety
Water
Criteria Objective
General dwelling Relates to overall design, safety, access, storage, passive
design design, etc
Objective 1 People can quickly leave the home in the case of an emergency •
Objective 2 Potential for safe and efficient active cooling within the home is • • • •
maximised
Objective 3 The risk of a child falling from a window is minimised •
Objective 4 Movement through the home is easy and safe for people of all • • •
ages and abilities
Objective 5 Provide maximum potential for natural ventilation to minimise • • •
the need for artificial cooling
Objective 6 The risk of injuries on stairs is reduced • •
Objective 7 The dwelling facilitates indoor and outdoor living • •
Objective 8 Balconies are designed to be safe for children •
Objective 9 There is adequate storage space • • • •
Objective 10 Reduce energy consumption for drying clothes • •

Objective 11 Maximise natural daylight to minimise the need for artificial • • •

lighting
Objective 12 People of all ages and abilities can easily and safely open and • • •
close doors, cupboards and drawers
Objective 13 Injury from sharp corners is minimised • •
Objective 14 The dwelling design provides a comfortable internal environment • • •
to reduce the need for artificial heating and cooling
Building materials Relates to building materials, finishes, potential waste and
and finishes quality of indoor environment
Objective 1 Achieving an optimally sized dwelling for the owner to minimise • • • • •
material usage and waste
Objective 2 On-site construction waste is minimised • •
Objective 3 Use of safe insulation material • •
Objective 4 The impact of construction materials over their whole life cycle is • • • •
considered
Objective 5 Household waste is reduced • •
Objective 6 The risk of rapidly spreading fire, and toxic gas release during a • • • •
fire, is reduced
Objective 7 Finishing products contribute to good indoor air quality •
Objective 8 Composite timber products contribute to good indoor air quality • •
Plumbing and Relates to plumbing, drainage systems and water efficiency for
drainage the whole dwelling
Objective 1 The hot water system is energy efficient • •
Objective 2 Hot water supply is efficient • • • •
Objective 3 Plumbing fittings can be used easily by people of all ages and • •
abilities
Objective 4 Plumbing fittings efficiently use hot and cold water • • •
Objective 5 The risk of scalding is minimised •
Objective 6 Consumption of mains water supply is reduced • • •
38 Design Objectives Checklist Smart and Sustainable Homes Design Objectives

Environment Social Economic

Essential criteria (continued)

Future Modifications
Sense of community
Materials and waste

Maintenance costs

Community costs
Universal design
Human comfort
Human health

Running costs
Initial costs
Site impact

Alternative
Achieved
Security
Energy

Safety
Water
Criteria Objective
Electrical, lighting Relates to energy consumption and safety in the dwelling
and gas
Objective 1 Maintenance of light fittings can be achieved safely •
Objective 2 Electrical appliances are energy efficient • •
Objective 3 Stoves and ovens are safe to use •
Objective 4 Electrical layout maximises the safety of using electrical • • •
appliances
Objective 5 Reduce the likelihood of electrical items coming into contact with •
water
Objective 6 Occupants can use light and power switches and telephone • •
outlets easily
Objective 7 Artificial lighting, both inside and outside, is energy efficient • •
Kitchen design Relates to water and energy efficiency and safety and universal
design
Objective 1 People of all abilities can safely and efficiently use the kitchen • •
Objective 2 Injuries in the working area of the kitchen are minimised •
Bathroom / toilet Relates to the safety and universal design in the bathroom
design
Objective 1 A bathroom can be used by a diverse range of people • •
Objective 2 A toilet can be used by people of all abilities • •
Objective 3 The growth of mould and bacteria is inhibited by good ventilation • •
Bedroom design Universal design of at least one bedroom in the dwelling

Objective 1 The bedrooms can be used by a diverse range of people

Objective 2 Good visibility to the outside from the bed • •

Laundry design Relates to safety and universal design in the laundry

Objective 1 The laundry can be used by a diverse range of people • • •

Outdoor living area Relates to making the outdoor living area safe especially for
design children
Objective 1 Sun protection is provided for outdoor areas •
Objective 2 Outdoor areas are secure for children’s play activities • •
Objective 3 Outdoor areas are safe for children’s play activities • •
Garage and shed Relates to access and safety of the garage
design
Objective 1 The garage can be used by a diverse range of people • • •
Objective 2 Exposure to car fumes is minimised •
Objective 3 Minimise the risk of injuries with outdoor tools and outdoor •
chemicals

Criteria Alternative
Sustainable Homes demonstrating Smart Housing principles Design Objectives Checklist 39

Environment Social Economic

Desirable criteria

Future Modifications
Sense of community
Materials and waste

Maintenance costs

Community costs
Universal design
Human comfort
Human health

Running costs
Initial costs
Site impact

Alternative
Achieved
Security
Energy

Safety
Water
Criteria Objective
Site and landscape Relates to site selection, landscaping, planting and pest
protection
Objective 9 Site orientation and dimensions are suitable for a passively • • •
designed home
Objective 10 The site needs minimal change to accommodate the home • •
Objective 11 Landscaping contributes to the passive design of the home • • •
Objective 12 The choice of site will assist in reducing car usage • • •
Objective 13 Maintaining privacy for the home • • •
Objective 14 Termite protection does not pollute soil around the home • • •
General dwelling Relates to overall design, safety, access, storage, passive
design design, etc
Objective 15 The structural integrity of the home is maintained • • • •
Objective 16 Casual surveillance of the street and adjoining public land is • • •
encouraged
Objective 17 Zoning for passive design • • •
Objective 18 Roof design aids in controlling heat flow into dwelling reducing • • •
the need for artificial cooling
Objective 19 Shading and window treatment for prevention of unwanted heat • • •
gain and reduction of glare
Building materials Relates to building materials, finishes, potential waste and
and finishes quality of indoor environment
Objective 9 Flooring products contribute to good indoor air quality •
Objective 10 Flooring products are safe and durable • •
Plumbing and Relates to plumbing, drainage systems and water efficiency for
drainage the whole dwelling
Objective 7 Reduce water usage and waste going to sewer • •
Electrical, lighting Relates to energy consumption and safety in the dwelling
and gas
Objective 8 Artificial lighting, both inside and outside, adds to the safety and • •
quality of the home
Objective 9 Stoves and ovens are energy efficient • •
Objective 10 Climate control systems contribute to good indoor air quality • • •
Objective 11 Produce electricity on-site by sustainable means • •
Kitchen design Relates to water and energy efficiency and safety and universal
design
Objective 3 Refrigerator is operated efficiently using minimum energy • •
Objective 4 Social and family activities may occur safely in close proximity to •
the functional areas of the kitchen
Objective 5 Stoves and ovens are positioned to maximise energy efficiency • •
Garage and shed Relates to access and safety of the garage
design
Objective 4 Garage designed for multiple use •

Criteria Alternative