ENGLISH MODULE

Name : Dimas Thoriq

Class : XII IPA 3

SMA NEGERI 103 JAKARTA

Perum Klender, Jalan Mawar Merah VI, RT 13/RW 4, Malaka
Jaya, Duren Sawit, Kota Jakarta Timur, DKI Jakarta 13460
2019

1|English Module
 PREFACE

Praise and gratitude belong only to God who is almighty. We

praise and give thanks to Him, asking for help and
forgiveness. We also ask Him for protection from self-
depravity and the devil always exhales evil in us.

With His grace and help, this English paper can be

completed well. I realize with all my heart that there are still
many shortcomings contained in this paper.

I expect readers' criticisms and suggestions as my evaluation

material in making the next paper. Hopefully it all makes it a
whip for me to further improve the quality of this paper in
the future.

2|English Module
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER ................................................................................................ 1
PREFACE……...................................................................................2
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................... 3
I. D I A L O G U E .............................................................................. 4
1. Expression of Asking and Giving Suggestion/Advice ............ 5
2. Expression of Asking For and Giving Opinion .................... 13
3. Expression of Offering and Responding Service .................. 17
4. Expression of Offering and Responding Help ...................... 18
5. Expression of Asking and Giving Information ..................... 21
II. R E A D I N G ............................................................................... 24
1. Descriptive Text ....................................................................... 25
2. Announcement Text ................................................................ 27
3. Advertisement Text................................................................. 27
4. Recount Text ............................................................................ 31
5. Personal Letter and Invitation Letter ................................... 34
6. Analytical Exposition .............................................................. 37
7. Hortatory Exposition............................................................... 39
8. Report Text .............................................................................. 42
9. Explanation Text...................................................................... 45
10. Narrative Text .......................................................................... 48
11. Application Letter ................................................................... 50
12. Caption Text ............................................................................ 52
13. News Item Text........................................................................ 55
14. Procedure Text ........................................................................ 57
15. Biography Text ........................................................................ 60
16. Song Lyrics .............................................................................. 64
III. G R A M M A R .......................................................................... 66
1. Active and Passive Voice .......................................................... 67
2. Direct and Indirect Sentences .................................................. 72
3. If Conditional Sentences .......................................................... 78
4. Subjunctive WISH .................................................................... 82
5. Because of, due to and thanks to ............................................. 84
REFERENCES……………………………………………………...88

3|English Module
 DIALOGUE

I. Expressions expressing suggestion and advice

II. Expressions of giving and asking for opinions
III. The phrase offers services and responds to them
IV. The phrase offers help and responds to it
V. The phrase asking and giving information

4|English Module
 I. Expressions Expressing Suggestion and Advice
A. Definition

Asking and Giving Suggestion adalah Ungkapan-ungkapan dalam Bahasa

Inggris yang digunakan untuk mengekspresikan bagaimana cara meminta dan
memberi saran atau nasihat kepada orang lain.

B. Suggestion (Saran)

1. Would you be so kind enough + to + Verb

Example:
 Would you be so kind enough to go with me?
(Artinya: Maukah anda berbaik hati untuk pergi dengan saya?)
 Would you be so kind enough to help me?
(Artinya: Maukah anda berbaik hati untuk menolong saya?)
Etc.

2. I would be very grateful if you would ...

Example:
 I would be very grateful if you would come to my birthday party.
(Artinya: Saya akan sangat senang sekali jika anda mau datang ke pesta
ulangtahun ku)
 I would be very grateful if you would help me to bring this book.
(Artinya: Saya akan sangat senang sekali jika anda mau membantu saya
membawa buku ini)
 I would be grateful if you would be here tonight with your wife.
(Artinya: Saya akan sangat senang sekali jika kamu ada disini malam ini
bersama istrimu)
Etc.

5|English Module
3. How/ what about + Gerund (Verb+ ing) ...

Contoh Kalimat:
 How about jogging?
(Artinya: Bagaimana kalau kita jogging?)

 What about watching movies?

(Artinya: Bagaimana kalau kita menonton film?)
 What about making pancake?
(Artinya: Bagaimana kalau kita membuat pancake?)
Etc.

4. Suppose

Contoh Kalimat:
 Suppose you agree with his idea.
(Artinya: Mungkin kamu setuju dengan pendapat dia)
 Suppose you can start it now.
(Artinya: Mungkin kamu dapat memulai nya sekarang)
Etc.

5. Perhaps you would

Contoh Kalimat:
 Perhaps you would accept my proposal.
(Artinya: Mungkin kamu mau menerima lamaranku)
 Perhaps you would have a dinner with me.
(Artinya: Mungkin anda mau makan malam denganku)
Etc.

6|English Module
 C. Asking and Giving Suggestion

Asking Suggestions: Giving Suggestions:

 What do you recommend we do  I would recommend that you
about .....? ....
 What would you advice us to do?  My advice would be to ...
 Do you have any suggestions?  May I suggest that we...
 What would you do about...?  If I were you, I would....
 What do you think I should do?  I think you should....
 What do you suggest?  Maybe you should...
 Would you like to.....  Why don’t you...
 Shall we go....
 Let’s go...
 How about going....
 What about going....
Accepting Suggestions Rejecting Suggestions
 I’m sorry, I can’t agree with
 I agree with that. that.
 That sounds like a good idea.  I don’t think that’s good idea
 Ok why don’t we do that.  I don’t think we should do
 That’s very interesting that.
 That’s very interesting, but....

D. Example :
Dialogue I
Michaela : I have a trouble, now
(Aku mengalami kesulitan, sekarang)
Ernesto : What is it?
(Apa itu?)
Michaela : I have broken my sister cellphone.
(Aku telah merusakkan ponsel kakakku.)
Ernesto : Have you ever told about it?
(Apakah kamu pernah memberitahu tentang hal itu?)
Michaela : I haven’t , I am afraid that she will be angry to me
(Belum, aku takut dia akan marah padaku)
Ernesto : I suggest you to tell her about it. Then say “sorry”.
(Aku sarankan kamu untuk menceritakan tentang hal itu. Kemudian katakan”maaf”)

7|English Module
Michaela : How about if she wants me to fix her cellphone?
(Bagaimana kalau dia ingin aku untuk memperbaiki ponselnya?)
Ernesto : It is better to you to bring it out to the cellphone center.
(Lebih baik kamu untuk membawanya ke pusat ponsel)
Michaela : But I don’t know where I can get
(Tapi Aku tidak tahu di mana saya bisa mendapatkan)
Ernesto : Don’t be worried … I have a friend who has a cellphone center.
(Jangan khawatir … Aku punya teman yang memiliki pusat ponsel)
Michaela : Will he fix it by himself?
(Apakah dia memperbaikinya sendiri?)
Ernesto : Yes.,of course. …
(Ya, tentu saja. …)
Michaela : Thank you so much
(Terima kasih banyak)

Dialogue II
Angela : Have you got the articles about environment?
(Apakah kamu punya artikel tentang lingkungan?)
Astrid : No,I haven’t . There is no newspaper at home. My father doesn’t read the
newspaper in the morning.
(Tidak, aku tidak punya. Tidak ada koran di rumah. Ayahku tidak membaca koran di pagi hari.)
Angela : So how can you complete your task tomorrow?
(Jadi bagaimana kamu bisa menyelesaikan tugasmu besok?)
Astrid : I don’t know, I have gone to the market but in the road ,, it was raining hard so I
turn back at home. Do you have an idea to solve this problem?
(Aku tidak tahu, Aku telah pergi ke pasar tetapi di jalan ,, hujan deras sehingga aku kembali di
rumah. Apakah Anda memiliki ide untuk memecahkan masalah ini?)
Angela :How about if we go to My uncle’s home, he is a newspaper sender .
(Bagaimana kalau kita pergi ke rumah pamanku, ia adalah pengirim surat kabar.)
Astrid : It is a good idea, isn’t it?
(Ini ide yang baik, bukan?)
Angela : We have to get there at 4 p.m. He will get home after 3 p.m everyday in the
afternoon.
(Kita harus sampai di sana pada pukul 4 sore. Ia akan pulang setelah pukul 3 setiap hari di sore
hari.)
Astrid : You have to remember me, i am afraid i forget it
(Kamu harus ingat Aku, Aku takut aku melupakannya)
Angela : Yes I will
(Ya akan aku ingatkan)

E. Exercise:
Answer the following questions!
Alex : You look unhealthy, Boy.
Bryan : Yes, I get a headache and a stomachache.
Alex : You should go to a doctor. Come on, I will accompany you.
Bryan : Ok.

8|English Module
1. The underlined words show ....
A. Agreement
B. Disagreement
C. Advice
D. Necessity
E. Plan

2. You should ............... to past the test.

A. Study hard
B. Studying
C. Studying hard
D. Studied
E. Studied hard

Andi : I have a bad headache.

Budi : You’d better ......................
3. Complete the dialogue above ....
A. Taking an aspirin
B. An aspirin
C. Take an aspirin
D. To take an aspirin
E. Took an aspirin

Amir : I am not good at English.

Budi : ..........................
4. Complete the dialogue above with an advice .....
A. I should practise English every day
B. Why don’t you take an English course and practise every day?
C. Do you like English ?
D. I must take an English course
E. You must sleep often

5. Mary failed again in the test. She ....................... harder.

A. Had better study
B. Need to study
C. Better study
D. Study
E. Studied.

9|English Module
 F. Advice (Nasehat)

1. Menggunakan modal auxiliaries “Must, Ought to, and Should”.

Contoh Kalimat:
You must take care of yourself carefully!
(Artinya: Kamu harus menjaga dirimu sendiri dengan hati-hati)
You ought to write a letter to me not to her.
(Artinya; Kamu seharusnya menulis surat untukku bukan untuknya)
You should study hard.
(Artinya: Kamu seharusnya belajar dengan giat)
Etc.

2. If I were you I should + Verb

Contoh Kalimat:
If I were you I should work at the hospital.
(Artinya: JIka saya jadi kamu saya akan bekerja di rumah sakit)
If I were you I should take English course.
(Artinya: JIka saya jadi kamu saya akan kursus Bahasa Inggris)
Etc.

3. You had better + Verb

Contoh Kalimat:
You had better brush your teeth. (Artinya: Kamu lebih baik menggosok
gigimu)
You had better refuse this job. (Artinya: Kamu lebih baik menolak pekerjaan
ini)
Etc.

4.Why don’t you + Verb …

Contoh Kalimat:
Why don’t you sit down beside me?

10 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 (Artinya: Mengapa kamu tidak duduk di dekatku?)
Why don’t you go home now?
(Artinya: Mengapa kamu tidak pulang sekarang?)
Etc.

5. It’s time you + Verb 2 (Past Form)

Contoh Kalimat:
It’s time you said the truth.
(Artinya: ini saatnya kamu mengatakan yang sesungguhnya)
It’s time you stopped smoking.
(Artinya: ini saatnya kamu berhenti merokok)
Etc.
G. Asking and Giving Advice

Asking for advice Giving advice

- If I were you I would/wouldn’t….
- What do you think I should do? - If I were in your shoes/position I would…
- What do you recommend we do about ... ? - You had better/ you’d better…..
- What should I do? - You should…
- What do you suggest? - Maybe you should…
- What would you advice us to do? - Your only option is to….
- What do you advise me to do? - Why don’t you….
- If you were me what would you do? - Have you thought about….
- What ought I to do? - Have you tried…
- Do you think that I should…? - I would recommend that you ...
- Do you have any suggestions? - My advice would be to ...
- What would you do about ...? - May I suggest that we ...
- If I were you, I would ...

Accepting advice Rejecting advice

- Yes, I agree with that. - I'm sorry, i can't agree with that.
- That sounds like a good idea! - I don't think we should do that.
- I don't think that's a good idea. - That's very interesting, but ...
- OK, why don't we do that. - I don't know what to advise, I'm afraid.
- That's very interesting. - I wish I could suggest something, but I can't.
- I wish I could help.

11 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 - I'm afraid I can't really help you.

H. Example :
Dialogue I
Alex : Mommy,, where are you?
(Ibu, dimana kau?)
Mommy : I am here my lovely son
(Aku di sini anakku yang cantik)
Alex : Mommy , look at my right elbow
(Ibu, lihat siku kananku)
Mommy : What’s wrong with you?
(Ada apa denganmu?)
Alex : I have fallen down from my bike, it is so hurt
(Aku terjatuh dari sepedaku, itu begitu sakit)
Mommy : You should be more careful when you ride the bike.
(Kamu harus lebih berhati-hati ketika kamu naik sepeda.)
Alex : When I pass the stall, suddenly there was a cat which ran in front of me
(Ketika aku melewati warung, tiba-tiba ada kucing yang berlari di depanku)
Mommy : Don’t be sad, everything is okay
(Jangan sedih, semuanya baik-baik saja)

Dialogue II
Sarah : Leo, what kinds of costume must our team wearing when the competition ?
(Leo, apa jenis kostum yang harus tim kita kenakan saat kompetisi?)
Leo : Trouser and black t-shirt
(Celana dan kaos oblong hitam)
Sarah : Is it for girl or boy?
(Itu untuk perempuan atau laki-laki?)
Leo : Both of them
(Keduanya)
Azlea : How about black trouser and white ?
(Bagaimana celana panjang hitam dan putih?)
Sarah : Good idea….
(Ide bagus ….)
Azlea : I have ever seen another students in another province… it was good
(Aku pernah melihat siswa lain dari provinsi lain … itu baik)
Leo : I follow the girl, hehehe
(Aku mengikuti gadis itu, hehehe)

I. Exercise:
Answer the following questions!
1. I want to have a healthier lifestyle. What should I do?
a. Don't do it.
b. You should sleep better, eat healthier and do workout.
c. I don't like eating vegetables.

12 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 d. Just do it.

2. What do you think about my new shoes?

a. No, I don’t think so
b. It's so ugly.
c. Your shoes?
d. Thanks.

3. Question: ............................................ Answer: It might be a good idea to take train.

a. I hate taking train.
b. Why should I do it?
c. What transportation would you recommend?
d. I think train is fine.

4. "I think I've gained some weight." What should be the response to this statement?
a. I would suggest you to drink a lot.
b. I would suggest you to sleep earlier.
c. I would suggest you to go to the cinema.
d. I would suggest you to change your lifestyle.

5. Heru is having cold. Doctor's advice below is correct, except...

a. You should take a bedrest
b. I suggest you to eat chicken soup
c. I advise you to eat ice cream more
d. My advice is to wear mask outside, to protect yourself and other people.

II. Expressions Of Giving and Asking For Opinions

A. Definition
Before we know what is asking and giving opinion, we must know what is opinion first. Opinion
is phrase or sentence that consists of argument, reason or opinion from someone.Asking Opinion
is a sentence which asking opinion or argument to other people to satisfaction. Giving Opinion is
a sentence that gives a reason to someone or other people. So, Asking and Giving Opinion is
expressions that is used for talking about argument or opinion of two or more people.

B. Asking and Giving Opinions

Asking opinios : Giving Opinions :

– What do you think of … – In my opinion, …
(Apa pendapatmu tentang …) (Menurutku, …)
– Is that right (true) that … – I personally believe …
(Apakah itu benar bahwa…) (Saya pribadi percaya …)
– Do you think it’s going … – I personally think …
(Apakah Anda pikir itu akan …) (Saya pribadi berpikir …)

13 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 – Why do they behave like that? – I personally feel
(Mengapa mereka berperilaku seperti itu?) (Saya pribadi merasa…)
– Do you have any idea? – Not everyone will agree with me, but …
(Apakah kamu punya ide?) (Tidak semua orang akan setuju dengan saya,
– Please give me your frank opinion. tapi …)
(Tolong beri saya pendapat jujur Anda.) – To my mind …
– What’s your opinion? (menurut pendapat saya)
(Apa pendapatmu?) – From my point of view…
(Dari sudut pandang saya..)
– Well, personally ..
(Nah, secara pribadi …)
– If I had my way I would …
(Jika saya punya cara saya saya akan …)
– What I’m more concerned with is …
(Apa yang lebih saya perhatikan adalah..)
– In my case ..
(Dalam kasus saya…)
– Absolutely …
(Benar-benar ….)

C. Agreeing and Disagreeing Opinions

Agreeing: Disagreeing: Partly agreeing:
- I (totally) agree with - I’m afraid I disagree. - I see your point but …
you / that. - I don’t agree with you / that. - I kind of agree with you /
- I couldn’t agree more. - I’d be inclined to disagree. that.
- I’d go along with that. - That’s not the way I see it. - I agree with you to an
- I feel the same. - I don’t think so. / I don’t feel extent, however, …
- You’re absolutely right. the same. - You make a good point,
- Absolutely / Definitely / but …
Exactly.
- No doubt about it.
- That’s a good point. / I
see your point.
- I see where you’re
coming from.

Giving opinions can be weak or strong:

Weak Medium Strong
I think…. I believe…. I’m absolutely certain
I don’t think… I don’t doubt that…. that….
14 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 I’m fairly certain that…. I feel certain that… I’m convinced that….
I’m quite certain that…. My impression is that…. I strongly believe that…
I would have thought that…. As I see it..
It seems to me that…
It strikes me that…..

Examples:
I think it’s a good movie
I don’t doubt that smoking is bad for you
I’m convinced that it’s the best decision we could make for the company

D. Asking and Giving Reasons

 Asking for an opinion:
- What do you think about this brand, Tom?
- What do you reckon to these shoes, Pam?
- Mum, how do you feel about buying me a new smart phone?
- What do you think about this?
- Do you have any strong feelings on this, John?
- Any comments, anybody?
- What are your views on nuclear power?
 Giving reasons:
Sometimes when we give opinions we may want to give a reason.
- Firstly…
- Secondly….
- One reason is….
- Another is….
- To start with….
- Added to that….
- For one thing….

Example:
It seems to me that weak gun laws lead to more crime. For one thing, it’s too easy
to get a weapon these days.

E. Interrupting and Stopping Someone From Interrupting You

 Interrupting:
Sometimes, if we are exchanging opinions with other people we may want to
interrupt them politely.
- Excuse me. Can I just say….?

15 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
- Could I come in here…?
- Sorry to interrupt but….
- Yes, but….

 Stopping someone from interrupting you:

- If you’d let me finish…
- Just a minute…
- Hang on…(informal)

F. Examples :
Donna : What do you think about marriage?
Ateng : I don’t think it’s for everyone. To start with, the cost of a wedding these days is
ridiculous!

Roky : Well, I don’t doubt that but I believe it’s better for society and…
Jony : Sorry to interrupt but, as I see it, marriage only leads to divorce!

Andreas : Oh…!
Carl : Ok, so as you know we have a deadline to get this work finished. How do you
feel about staying late tonight?

Dobleh : Any comments, Peter, Anne?

Marpit : Well, it seems to me that we don’t have a choice.
Ucup : I feel sure that if we get our heads down, we can finish by 6pm.

G. Exercise :
1. X : We’ll have a long holiday next month.
What are you going to do?
Y : ....
X : I hope you have a nice trip.
a. I am thinking of going to Bali
b. Sorry, I can’t tell you
c. It’s not your business
d. I have nothing to do
e. I don’t know what to do

2. A : What do you think about the film ?

B : I think .......................
a. I like it
b. Thank you
c. I can’t hear you
d. you forget it
e. let’s go

16 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
3. ........................ he is polite.
a. I don’t think
b. I don’t
c. What do you
d. What your opinion
e. i don’t understand

4. Eric : I think our city is very hot at the moment.

Eric : I don’t think so ................ Our city is much cooler than other cities in this country.
a. I know it
b. I am thinking of
c. He forget it
d. In my opinion
e. see you

5. Bowo : I feel tired and I feel dizzy.

Sri : I think …. Don’t leave the bed if it is not necessary.
a. you must sing
b. You should lie down and have some rest
c. you can see the doctor tonight
d. I will take you to the hospital
e. I must take some rest, too

III. Offering And Responding Service

A. Definition
Offering and Responsing Service used to offer and respond service to others. (Offering and
Responsing Service digunakan untuk menawarkan jasa dan memberikan respon terhadap
penawaran tersebut kepada orang lain.)

B. Expression And Response Of Offer

Expression Of Offer : Accepting : Refusing :
- May I help you? - Yes, please! - That’s very kind of you
- Could I offer you …? - Yes, of course! but I can do it myself.
- Can I help you? - Of course I can Thanks anyway
- What can I do for you? - That’s very kind of you - I appreciate that but I
- Do you want me to join - I appreciated that can do it myself
us? - That would be - That would be marvelous
- Would you like me to ….. marvelous but …..
- Let me… - That would be very nice - Thank you for your
kindness but …..
- Want some? - Thank you.
- Please don’t be bother
- Can I get you something - Thanks a lot. (yourself)
to …..? - Many thanks

17 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 - May I give you …? - Thanks, I ‘d love to - I’m sorry …..
- Would you like something - I’d love to, but I don’t
to …..? - I think I can’t. It’s all
- Would you like to have right.
…? - I can’t …
- Do you like …..? - No, thanks.
- Do you like ….. or …..? - No, I really won’t thank
you.
- Not for me, thanks.
- I’m sorry I can’t. I have
to …..

C. Example :
Dialogue 1:
On the way to school, Danny saw Nandy brought some books.
Danny : you look so tired.
Nandy : yeah. Because these books are very heavy.
Danny : Can I help you?
Nandy : I am sorry, I can bring them myself.
Danny : okay. Never mind.

Dialogue 2:
Waiter : welcome Sir, may i help you?
Customer : of course, i want a cup of mocha.
Water : sorry sir, mocha have been sold out? do you want the other like coffee or cappuccino?
Customer : oh, no ,thanks.

IV. Offering And Responding Help

A. Definition
Offering and Responsing Help used to offer and respond service to others. (Offering and
Responsing Help digunakan untuk menawarkan pertolongan dan memberikan respon
terhadap pertolongan tersebut kepada orang lain.)

B. Offering Help
Or offering to do something for someone.
If we classify into their level of formality (situation), consider the speaker and listener, here they
are:
Informal Neutral Formal
- Can I help u? - Need some help? - May I be of assistant?
- Let me help you … - I’ll do it for you. - Might I help at all?
- Shall I … - Want a hand …?

18 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 - If you like I could … - Can I help out? - Perhaps I could assist in
- What can I do to help …? - You look like you could do some way?
- Would you like any help …? with some help… - If we can be any of
- Is there anything I can do assistance, please do not
…? hesitate to contact us again.
- I will …zx - (usually for written)

C. Responding Help
To respond help, people may accept or refuse an offer of helps. The common respons for help is
“Thank you”. The examples of the responses are:

ACCEPTING AN OFFER OF HELPS:

Informal Neutral Formal
- That’s very kind of you. - Cheers! - You’re most kind.
- Yes, please. - Thanks very much. - That’s extremely
- If you’re sure it’s no trouble. - Just what I needed …! kind/good/thoughtful of you.
- Lovely! / Great!

REFUSING AN OFFER OF HELP:

Informal Neutral Formal
- No, it’s OK. Thanks - No, thank you. - It’s very good of you to
- Thanks a lot, but … - No, really, I can manage. offer, but …
- Nice thought, but … - That’s very kind f you, but - Please don’t trouble
- No, don’t worry. … yourself about …
- Don’t think so, thank you. - That’s extremely kind of
- No, it’s all right, really. you, but …
- Thank you for offering, but - I’m very grateful for your
… offer. However, …
- No, don’t bother, really.

D. Example :
Nephew : Where are you doing Uncle?
Uncle : I’m waiting Taxi?
Nephew : By the way, Can I do for you Uncle?
Uncle : Please call the taxi
Nephew : OK. I will call it for you? By the way, Where do you go Uncle?
Uncle : I will go to office
(a few minutes the taxi came)
Nephew : Can I bring the bag?
Uncle : Yes, please. Thanks advance
Nephew : Don’t mention it. Take care Uncle

19 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 E. Exercise :
Bryan: Nugy, where are you?
Nugy : I’m in the house. What’s matter?
Bryan : oh _____________ .
Nugy : I’d like to help you. For what?
1. Complete the dialogue above with suitable expression ....
A.Would you like some help?
B. Sorry, I can’t help you
C. Could I possibly ask you to help me?
D. Let me help you
E. No, you don’t need to help

Romy: May I help you ?

Deny : Hmmm. Don’t bother yourself, thanks.
2. The underlined sentence express ....
A. Asking help
B. Giving help
C. Offering help
D. Refusing an offer
E. Accepting an offer

Elsa : Will you help me to build a snowman?

Olaf : Yes, of course. _____ .
3. Complete the dialogue above ....
A. I won’t
B. I will
C. I will not
D. Will I?
E. Shall I?

Tom: This question is so difficult to answer.

Jerry: ............................
A. Just don't answer it.
B. Let's stop studying and go playing.
C. Would you like a cup of coffee?
D. Let me help you working on it.
E. Good luck to you.

5. The suitable expression is ....

A. Sorry, I can't
B. I wish I could help you
C. I'm bussy
D. I need some help

20 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
E. Don't worry

V. Asking And Giving Information

A. Definition
Asking and Giving Information adalah kegiatan menanyakan atau memberikan informasi kepada
lawan bicara ( meminta dan memberi izin adalah ekspresi yang penting dalam bahasa Inggris.

B. Expression

Asking information Giving information

- Excuse me. Who is she? - She is my mother
- Can you tell me where you live? - I live at Saraswati street number 10
- Can you help me to find my spectacle? - I saw it in the living room an hour ago
- Could anyone tell me what happen there? - There is any car accident
- Sorry to trouble you, but do you know where - Don’t you remember that you’ve left it in
my bag is? my table
- Do you happen to know where Mr. Kukuh is? - He goes to the post office
- Do you see my new purple diary? - Here it is. I have found it in yard

Construction
Formula Question Word Example Finish
Could you tell me when the next train leaves?
Do you know how much that vase costs?
Do you happen to know where Tom lives?
I'd like to know what you think about the new project.
Could you tell me when the next train leaves?
Could you find out when she is going to arrive?

C. Example :
Dialogue I
Seller : What can I do, Madam ?
(Penjual: Apa yang bisa saya lakukan, Bu?)
Woman : Of course, I would like to search a kilo of egg, a instant butter and also three kilos of
rice.
(Wanita: Tentu saja, saya ingin mencari satu kilo telur, mentega instan dan juga tiga kilo beras.)

21 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
Seller : I have not seen you before. Are you living in our resident?
(Penjual: Saya belum pernah melihat anda sebelumnya. Apakah anda tinggal di residen kami?)
Woman : Allow me to introduce myself, my name is Katerine Simanjuntak
(Wanita: Izinkan saya untuk memperkenalkan diri, nama saya Katerine Simanjuntak)
Seller : I am Diona, all of the people call me “teh- ona”. Pleased to meet you
(Penjual: Saya Diona, semua orang memanggil saya “teh- ona”. Senang bertemu dengan anda)
Woman : Pleased to meet you too, I live in that green house and I have just moved since
yesterday.
(Wanita: Senang bertemu anda juga, saya tinggal di rumah hijau dan saya baru saja pindah sejak
kemarin.)
Seller : Oh I see
(Penjual: Oh begitu)

Dialogue II
Isyah : Sorry, I have hit you
(Maaf, aku telah memukulmu)
Finka : Forget it. Hai, my name is Finka
(Lupakan itu. Hai, namaku Finka)
Isyah : Hai, my name is Isyah. Where will you go?
(Hai, namaku Isyah. Kemana kamu akan pergi?)
Finka : To SMP Harapan Baru. And you?
(Ke SMP Harapan Baru. Dan kamu?)
Isyah : We have same destination. Let go together
(Kita memiliki tujuan yang sama. Mari pergi bersama)

D. Exercise :
1. The underlined word is showing …
A. Asking help
B. Asking opinion
C. Asking attention
D. Responding of certainty
E. Asking Information

2. Where is the sickbay?

A. It is in front of principal's office
B. It behind of principal's office
C. It is next to the principal's office
D. It is across of principal's office
E. It is next to the hospital

Complete the dialogue below (for question number 3)

Lukman : Excuse me. _______________________ ?
Ikhsan : Sure. It's in front of the language laboratory.
3. The suitable expression to complete the dialogue is ....
A. Can you tell me where the library is
B. Can you play the guitar
C. Can you show me your car
D. Can you read the book for me

22 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
E. Can I borrow your book

Complete the dialogue below (for questions number 4 and 5)

A : I’d like some information about the trains.
B : Yes?
A : Could you tell me what time the train to Miami leaves?
B : Yes, the next train leaves at 11.00am.
A : _______________ how long it takes?
B : Let me see. It takes 28 hours.
4. The suitable expression to complete the dialogue is …
A. It sound nice
B. Buy a new one
C. I am really happy to hear that
D. Do you know
E. You can do it

5. The underlined expression expresses ....

A. Expressing satisfaction
B. Making an appointment
C. Giving information
D. Giving attention
E. Declining attention

23 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 READING

I. Descriptive XI. Caption

II. Announcement And Advertisement XII. News Item
III. Recount XIII. Procedure
IV. Invitation XIV. Biography
V. Analitycal XV. Song
VI. Hortatory
VII. Report
VIII. Explanation
IX. Narrative
X. Application Letter

24 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 I. Descriptive
A. Definition
Descriptive Text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe
and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.

B. Generic Structure
1. Identification : Identifies phenomenon (person, place, or thing) etc.
2. Description : Describes parts, qualities, characteristics, etc.

C. The Characteristic/Language Feature

1. Specific participant: has a specific object, not general and unique (there is only one)
for example: bandengan beach, my house, borobudur temple, uncle Joko
2. The use of adjectives (adjectives) to clarify nouns (nouns)
for example: a beautiful beach, a handsome man, the famous place in Jepara etc.
3. Use of simple present tense: The sentence pattern used is simple present because it tells the
facts of the object description.
4. Action verbs: there are verbs that indicate an activity (the activity can be seen) for example:
run, sleep, walk, cut etc.

D. Example :
Panda
(Identification)
Have you ever watch the cartoon movie “Kung Fu Panda”? The panda in the movie is described
as a fat animal, love-noodle eater, and Kung Fu master. But the Panda that will be described
below is not the Panda who can do Kung Fu like in that movie. Here is the description about
Panda.

(Description)
Pandas are bear-like animal which originally live in center and western part of China. Pandas
have distinguish features that make them different other species of bear. Pandas have white thick
fur which covers all of their body with black eyes patches, ears, nose, legs, shoulders, and arms.
Those black marks make Pandas unique and different.
Like other species of bear, pandas have a big head, a short tail, rounded ears, and a long muzzle
with a big nose. However, pandas’ diet is totally different with other species of bear; in which
they prefer bamboos than others. 90% of pandas’ diet consists of bamboos. That is why pandas
have adapted their body to help them in eating bamboos. Pandas have a big jaw with tough
muscles and strong molars to crush bamboos so they can extract the nutrients they need.

E. Exercise :

25 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
Victoria Caroline Beckham is an English singer-songwriter, dancer, model, actress, fashion
designer and business woman. She was born on April 17, 1974, in Essex, England. She became
famous in the 1990's with the pop group "The Spice Girl"and was known as Posh Spice. In 1999,
she married the Manchester United and England footballer, David Beckham. They have four
children, three sons and a daughter.

After The Spice Girl split up, she pursued a solo singer career, but also started her own fashion
range called dVb Style. Since this initial foray into fashion Victoria Beckham has brought out
her own range of sunglasses and fragrance, entitled "Intimately Beckham"and a range of
handbags and jewelry.

In addition she had written two best-selling books: one her autobiography and the other, a
fashion guide.

1. What did Victoria do before being a solo singer?

A. Married to David Beckham
B. Worked as fashion designer
C. Joined The Spice Girl
D. Created fashion style
E. Wrote many books

2. We found in the text that ....

A. Victoria named her fragrance by dVb style
B. Beckham is Victoria's autobiography
C. Beckham is Victoria's brand for her fragrance
D. Posh Spice is the title of her new album
E. Spice Girls is Victoria's label for her wardrobe

3. Based on the text, what do we know about Victoria?

A. She is an ordinary woman
B. She is a multi-talented woman
C. She designed The Spice Girls
D. She married to an ordinary person
E. She arranged many songs for The Spice Girls

Kapoposang is one of the largest of the Spermonde Islands, around 70 km northwest of

Makassar, South Sulawesi. Kapoposang covers an area of around 50,000 hectares and is
inhabited by around 100 families. Several other islands, both inhabited and uninhabited, lie near
Kapoposang. The larger ones include Papandangan, Kondongbali, Suranti and Tambakulu.

Kapoposang and the nearby islands were declared a Nature Tourism Park by the Department of
Forestry in 1999. Diving has been an important activity at Kapoposang since the mid
1990s. There were so few local divers at the time, and because of the distance from other well-
known diving areas in Indonesia, Kapoposang has basically remained a secret.

The best time to visit Kapoposang is between April and November, when the seas are calm, the
26 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 weather favorable, and the wind less fierce than in the other months. The trip takes two hours by
speedboat; the ocean breezes help to cool your skin in the hot morning sun. As you approach
Pulau Kapoposang, you see the deep blue water, which suddenly meets an expanse of coral reefs
between extensive shallows with white sands in the seabed. Sea grass also grows lushly near the
shore. The sea bed at Kapoposang has a unique composition; near the island are some quite
shallow contours, and then suddenly steep underwater cliffs leading to seemingly endless depths.
The water is very clear; you can expect underwater visibility of over 15 meters – ideal conditions
for divers.

1. The text is about ....

A. Kapoposang and the surrounding islands
B. Kapoposang as a diving spot.
C. Kapoposang as a very popular tourist spot
D. Kapoposang as a secret area
E. Kapoposang and the weather

2. Where is Kapoposang located?

A. In the Nature Tourism Park of Makassar.
B. Next to Makassar, South Sulawesi
C. In the Spermonde Island
D. Among the big islands near Makassar.
E. Very close, to the north of Spermonde

II. Announcement And Advertisement

A. Definition
1. Announcement text
An announcement is a written or spoken statement in public or formal words containing
information about an event that has happened or is going to happen so publicly people know what,
when, and where it is about.
2. Advertisement text
Advertisement text is a text consists of a public announcement commonly found in a newspaper,
television, or internet advertising. Sometimes it is about a product, services, or an event for sale.

B. Generic Structure
1. Announcement text
a. Stating Purpose : The text that contains what event will be held
b. Stating Day and Date and time : Day and Date realization. The text that contains when
the event will be held
c. Stating Place : The text that contains where the event will be held
d. Informing Sender : The text that contains name of the person who will be contacted
2. Advertisement text
a. Purpose: purpose built of the advertisement.
b. Name of product: product names in advertising.
c. User: user of the product.

27 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 C. Language Feature
1. Announcement text
 Using simple present tense and simple future tense.
 Using exact noun.
2. Advertisement text
 The choice of words used related to necessary information.
 The choice of words used to indicate the target.
 The choice of words used is precise, logical, and courteous.
 The choice of words used have a suggestion for the audience.

D. Example :
ANNOUNCEMENT

ADVERTISEMENT

28 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 E. Exercise :
ANNOUNCEMENT

Green Miles West

The substitution of “West” in our name replacing “California” is the result of an agreement we
reached with California Gardening Association, following a protest over the original use of
“California” in our name.
We hope this does not create any confusion among our loyal customers. While this represent a
change from our initial name introduction, it does not change the quality of products we offer our
customers
1. The company assures its customers that they will always maintain the . . . of their products.
A. price
B. origin
C. quality
D. sale
E. quantity

2. The name “Green Miles West” is . . . .

A. a new name was given to Green Miles California
B. a new name of a merger of two company
C. a new name given from The California Gardening Association
D. a name of a new company that deals with gardening
E. a name given to a company formed by the Gardening Association

SCHOOL ANNOUNCEMENT
To : All students
We would like to inform you, that we would be having the school holiday from Thursday 8th to
Saturday 10th August 2015.
During the holiday, our school has already made plans! We want to go camping in the Highlands
to a place called Aviemore. It’s an outdoor centre where you can learn to climb, canoe and fish
and do all sorts of exciting things.
Of course, we have to take you to Edinburgh Castle and the Festival too. Don’t worry; you aren’t
going to be bored! The school pays for all students, so you are free of charge.
Don’t forget to take your changing clothes with you. it may be wet. For those who want to go,
please meet Mr. Ananta at the teacher’s office.
Sincerely Yours
Principal
3. What should the students do to join the activity?
a. To pay for the trip
b. To go to the teacher’s office
c. To meet the headmaster
d. To bring the changing clothes
e. To visit principal’s house

29 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
4. From the text we know that ….
a. There are at least 5 activities that the school offers
b. The students should bring their own food
c. The holiday will last for two days
d. The holidays won’t be excited
e. All student will be examined in the Highlands

5. The text is written to ….

a. To give information about the activity on school holiday
b. To describe an outdoor activity on school holiday
c. To remind students about an outdoor activity
d. To announce the school thursday matter
e. To persuade students on joining stdent clun in the holiday

ADVERTISEMENT
ROOM FACILITIES
The hotel provides 82 comfortable guest rooms that consist of Supeior Rooms, Superior Seaview
Rooms and 22 Deluxe Cottages with modern Balinese style architecture, private balcony and
international standard facilities. Each room has a private balcony, fully air conditioned, a
telephone, a mini bar, radio/music, intrenational TV channels, in house movie, tea and coffee
making facilities, a hair drier, slippers, an umbrella, a bath/showre with hot and cold running
water and a safe deposit box.
FOR INFORMATION, PLEASE FEEL FREE TO CONTACT US ON :
Phone : +62 361 751961, Fax : +62 361 751962
e-mail : reservation [at] kutaseaviewhotel [dot] com or sale [at] kutaseaviewhotel [dot] com
website : www [dot] kutaseaviewhotel [dot] com
(Soal Bahasa Inggris UN SMA/MA 2009)

1. What does the advertisement promote ?

A. The location of the hotel
B. The hotel rooms
C. The cottage
D. The seaview
E. The facilities

2. How many rooms does the hotel provide ?

A. Twenty two
B. Thirty six
C. Sixty two
D. Eighty two
E. Ninety six

30 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
3. The guest can enjoy watching movies since the hotel offers
A. A cinema
B. A mini bar
C. TV Bar
D. In house movie
E. Private balcony

Soal Teks Advertisement 2: Hotels and Appartments

Hotel Cannero
28051Cannero Riviera, Italy
Phone: 323788046
Waiters/Waitresses (2), Swimming Pool Attendants, Bar Staff.
Around $ 150 per week. 12 hours per day, 6 days per week. Free board and accommodation.
Knowledge of German, Italian or French required. Period of work 3 or 6 months between end of
March and end of October. Applicants should be fit and healthy, organized and clean.
Applications from 25 March to the end and send to Maria Carla at the above address.

4. What is the text about ….

A. A week tour to Italy
B. A job vacancy in Hotel Cannero
C. Three day tour to European countries
D. A healthy and clean environment
E. The description on Cannero Riviera

5. Who is the addressee of this advertisement ….

A. All who are fit and healthy
B. Those who can serve foreigners
C. All who meet the requirements mentioned
D. The educated people who can handle service jobs
E. Those who can speak two foreign languages

III. Recount
A. Definition
Recount text is a form of text that tells stories in the past, whether personal experience, group
experience, or any particular event written in English.

B. Characteristic features
- Use the past tense sentence because it tells an event that has already happened.
- Use conjunction and time connectives such as before, after, then, when and first to compile
one event and another.
- Use action verbs such as visit, walk, eat and go.
- Use adverbs and adverbial phrases.

31 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 C. Kinds Of Recount Text
1. Personal Recount Text
Personal recount text is a type of recount text that tells the author's personal experiences such
as vacation experiences, experiences at school or even unforgettable experiences that keep us
remembering the incident.

2. Imaginative Recount Text

Imaginative recount text is a type of recount text that tells the author's imagination about
something and is written in the past tense form. In the discussion below, we give examples of
imaginative recount text with the title spiderman. Please read to better understand it.

3. Factual Recount Text

Factual recount text is a type of recount text that discusses things that have actually happened
(facts) in the past. Below, we provide an example of factual accounts about titanic.

4. Historical Recount Text

Historical recount text is a type of recount text that discusses the history of both historical
sites and historical objects. historical recount text with the title borobudur we wrote to make
it easier for you to understand historical recount text.

D. Generic Structure
1. Orientation
Orientation contains the story prefix. This section usually explains the setting of the story
such as the place and time of the incident.

2. Event (Contents)
The event contains the core story of the recount text. This section describes sequences of
events from event A to event B.

3. Reorientation (Conclusions or Closing Texts)

Reorientation contains repetition and closure of the story.

E. Example :
Junior High School – Camping
(Orientation)
One of my favourite things in Junior High School was camping.
Once a mount my school held a routine extracurricular that was camping at some mountain or
camping field in my town. Usually the event was at first Saturday night in a month.

32 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
(Event)
One day at the camping time, we all gathered at the school first before we went together at the
camping area.
We were grouped in teams and each team has its own tent. We went to the camping area by bus.
At the afternoon around 4 pm we had already been there. We built our own tent before we
continue the activities.
After building the tent, bathing, and having a break, we start the rundown of the activities.
One thing I love most was the activity of Jerit Malam (nightmare training). It was held at 10 pm
until 1 am in the morning.
We all, every team, were scattered into the jungle to find the letters in a bottle. The camping
committees had prepared something to frighten us by wearing ghost or zombie costume and
chased after us.
Anyway, I was never afraid of that but I was so happy seeing some of my friends screaming and
running. I laughed loudly at that event because I think both of the ghost and the victims were
totally funny.
The ghost or the zombie never frightened us who were not afraid, but they will run after them
who were too afraid.

(Reorientation)
That was so fun experience that I had in Junior High School

F. Exercise :
Spiderman
Orientation
I was dreaming of being super hero when I was a teenager. I imagined myself as Spiderman.

Event
One day, when I was fishing at the river I was bitten by a spider and luckily I was not dying.
At first I felt cold for 24 hours and I was alone in my room. Nobody knew about it. I didn’t tell
my family because I was affraid they would angry with me.
After that, something had happened in my body and I still did not recognize it. I lived as I did
usually, went to school, go home, eating, doing some activities and so on.
I realized at the first time that I had a super power was when I was getting an accident.
I rode a motor cycle and suddenly there was a bus crashed me. I bounced out of the road and my
motor cycle was totally broken.
But at that case, I did not feel any hurt. There was no blood out of my body.
I was angry at that time because the bus did not stop and escaped. I run after it and I didn’t know
why I could run so fast and jump so high.
I jumped to the back of the bus and climbed it like a spider. I went to the front, stooped the bus
and took the driver out of the bus door.
I knew that I was no more normal human being. I did nothing more to the bus driver. I went back
home and decided the next action to do after that.

33 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
Reorientation
I did nothing like the Spiderman at the movie that help people to catch the criminals.
I was an opportunist super hero. I was afraid of killing people so that I hide my power from
anybody else. I used my power only when I or my family and friends got into dangerous.

1. What is the topic of the text?

A. Super hero
B. Dreaming to be super hero
C. Bitten by a spider
D. An opportunist super hero

2. When did the subject start dreaming to be a superhero?

A. In his childhood age
B. In his teenager age
C. In his school time
D. Yesterday
3. Where was the subject bitten by a spider?
A. At the canteen
B. At the river
C. At the bedroom
D. On the bus

4. How did the subject get his super power?

A. After bitten by a spider
B. After dreaming
C. After getting an accident
D. After watching the movie of Spiderman

5. When did the subject realize his super power?

A. After getting cold
B. After crashing
C. After fishing
D. After jumping on the bus

IV. Invitation
A. Definition
Invitation is An invitation is a request, a solicitation, or an attempt to get another person to join
you at a specific event. Invitation a text which containing a request, a solicitation, or an attempt
to get another person to join you at a specific event

B. The Purpose
An invitation can be used to invite someone to come to an event, as for several things including:
- Birthday
- Weeding
- Anniversary

34 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 - Meeting
- Graduation
- Dinner
Some expressions commonly used to make an invitation:
- I invite you to come ...
- I invite you to join ...
- Would you like to come
- Would you like to join us
- I would like to invite you
- Request the present of ...

C. Generic Structure
1. Receiver / To: name of the person being addressed / invited
2. Body of invitation: The contents of the invitation are usually in the form of the following:
- Subject: Event Name
- Day or Date: Day and date
- Time: Time set
- Place: The place where the event is held
3. Sender / from: The person who sent the invitation

D. Example :
To: Reva

Would you like to come to my parents wedding anniversary party. The party will be held:
Day/ date: Sunday/11 march 2016
Time: 07.00 pm
Place: at my house
No meaning without your coming.

Your Best friend

Boy

E. Exercise :
Please join us
as we celebrate our
40th Anniversary
Rahmat and Wati Juminten
Friday, May 7th
6.30p.m -10.OOp.m
Pondok Indah, South Jakarta
(Dinner is available)

35 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 RSVP 65412397
(Nanang/ Nini/ Nita)

1. The type of the party above is …

A. Birthday Party
B. Graduation Party
C. Marriage Party
D. New year party
E. Ceremonial new house party

2. The purpose of the invitation text above is…?

A. To tell an good relationship
B. To describe a certain party
C. To persuade people to have marriage
D. To invite people to join the party
E. To share the happiness

Dear Bianca Jodie,

Time counted so fast
Let’s celebrate new year’s eve together!
Sunday, December 31st
9 p.m. until drop
at Dragonfly Bar
Jln Gatot Subroto
Sincerely,
Hannah

3. What is the purpose of the invitation text above?

A. To make a new relation
B. To spend time together
C. To have conversation with old friend
D. To reunite with old friends
E. To celebrate the new year’s eve

4. From the invitation text above, we can say that?

A. Bianca and Hannah have not good relationship
B. Bianca Jody invites Hannah to celebrate new year’s eve together
C. The Dragonfly Bar is not at Jln. Gatot Subroto
D. The party started from 9 p.m.
E. The party ended at midnight

Glad if you can attend and laugh with us in

Graduation Party
In respect of our Daughter’s perseverance and persistence
Isyana Sarasvati has graduated from an Msi
(Master of Science from Bandung Institute Technology)
Accompany with us on
Sunday, Mei 30, 2019 at 8 p.m.
36 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 The Suite Room, Hermitage Hotel.
Afgan and Melly Goeslaw
RSVP 65412397

5. Who is graduated from Bandung Institue Technology?

A. Afgan
B. Melly Goeslaw
C. Isyana Sarasvati
D. Afgan’s son
E. Afgan and Melly Goeslaw

V. Analytical Exposition
A. Definition
Analytical Exposition is a type of text or oral material in English that is used to explain the
writer's view of an issue. In other words, this text is an argumentative text. This type of text is
very popular among academics and can be found in scientific books, journals, magazines,
newspaper articles, academic speeches, and so on. The purpose of this text is only to make the
reader or listener aware of an issue raised by the writer or speaker.

B. Characteristic Features
- It is an argumentative text accompanied by supporting reasons.
- Using Simple Present Tense
- Use conjunctions like first, second, third, next, furthermore, additionally and so on.
- Use evaluative words like important, valuable, trustworthy, and so on.
- Using causal conjunctions for example, as a result, because, by, consequently, despite, due
to, for that reason, and so forth.

C. Generic Structure
- Thesis
Contains the opinion of the author or speaker on the topic in question.

- Argument
Arguments contain opinions that support the main idea. The more opinions written down, the
Analytical Exposition Text is more interesting because the reader or listener tends to believe in
an event if there are many supporting opinions in it.

- Conclusion
Contains conclusions or restatements of the core ideas submitted.

37 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 D. Example
Cramming is Bad
How do you study when the test is coming? Do you start preparing for the test weeks or months
before the test or leave things to the last hour? If you start studying weeks or months before the
test, it is great. However, if you study all the material in the last hour or minute, it is not good for
you and it is called cramming.

Cramming is the situation when students stay up until morning to study before their test. This
habit can lead to negative impacts for some reason. The first reason is that disruptions in the
regular sleep cycle can cause temporary intellectual lapses. For most students, less sleep can
make them could not focus in the class. Additionally, cramming can leave us with “something
that I have seen before” in our memory. However, being able to recognize something is not the
same as being able to recall it. Besides that, each person has their different sleeping time, so
some of them often use a stimulant for cramming. Furthermore, that stimulant gives bad effect to
its consumers.

The example stimulant is coffee. It causes many problems such as Caffeine Intoxiation
Syndrome, anxiety, panic, headaches, and so on. To sum up, cramming is bad because it disturbs
our regular sleep cycle which cause temporary intellectualn lapses and using stimulant for
cramming gives bad effect to our health.

E. Exercise
As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents.
Firstly, cars, as we all know contribute the most of pollution in the world. Cars emit a deadly gas
causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and trigger of asthmA. Some of these illness are
so bad that people can die from them.
Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander every where and cars commonly hit
pedestrians in the city, which causes them to diE. Cars today are our roads biggest killers.
Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or
concentrate in your homework, and especially talk to someonE.
In conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reasons listed.

1. What type of the text above?

A. Narrative.
B. Report.
C. Analytical.
D. Explanation.
E. Description.

2. What one of the diseases caused by pollution?

A. HIV / AIDS
B. Bronchitis
C. Liver
D. Fever
E. Cholera

38 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
3. What tense is mostly used in the text?
A. Past tense
B. Simple present tense
C. Simple perfect tense
D. Present continuous tense
E. Past continuous tense

4. We usually call the last paragraph as………

A. Resolution
B. Reiteration
C. Conclusion
D. Recommendation
E. Twist

5. What is the purpose of the text?

A. to persuade reader about the Cars Should Be Banned In The City
B. to explain the characteristics the Cars Should Be Banned In The City
C. to inform readers about Cars Should Be Banned In The City
D. to describe Cars Should Be Banned In The City
E. to entertain readers about Cars Should Be Banned In The City

VI. Hortatory
A. Definiton
Hortatory Exposition is a type of English text which represents the author’s attempt to influence
the reader to do something or act in a particular way. In Hortatory Exposition Text, the authors
give some opinions about certain things to reinforce the main idea of the text.

B. Purpose
Hortatory exposition is used to persuade the reader or listener that something should or should
not be the case or be done.

C. Generic Structure
1. Thesis
The writer point of view about the topic discussed.
2. Arguments
Series of argument which strengthen the thesis stated before.
3. Recommendation
The writer gives recommendation to the reader.

D. Language Feature
1. Simple present tense
2. There are several arguments that begin with, firstly, secondly, thirdly ..

39 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 3. It contain recommendation that begins with :
– In my opinion, it’s better …
– I think … should ….
– I think … should be ……
– For these reasons …. Should …

E. Example
The Importance of Extracurricular Activities
Extracurricular activities are non-subject education activities and counseling services to assist the
development of learners according to their needs, potentials, talents, and interests through
activities that are specifically organized by educators and / or educational personnel who are
capable and authorized in the school. Extracurricular is highly recommended to be followed by
each students because it has a lot of benefits.

The benefits of extracurricular activities are numerous. Students can get useful knowledge. In
any selected extra-curricular activities, there are certainly basic knowledge. For example, English
Club extracurricular where students can learn the grammar properly and correctly. Another
example is forming school bands, it can explore students talent in music so their talents are not
buried.

Through extracurricular students can cultivate a sportive spirit in various competitions (eg;
basketball or football) whether it is held internally in school or outside the schools. Extra
curricular can also teach the students the meaning of organization, eventhough on a small scale.
In that organization, students can learn to be leaders, administrators, or even learn to make an
interesting event in an extracurricular exhibition and many more positive things that students can
gain by following extracurricular activities.

In order to develop students’ interests and talents, they can choose any extracurricular which
suits their ability. However, do not forget to manage the time between academic activities and
extracurricular activities.

F. Exercise
Pakistan's houbara bird facing extinction

The indiscriminate hunting of endangered houbara bustard birds in Pakistan by rich hunting
parties from the Gulf nations have pushed the species toward extinction. The hunting was
initially banned by the Pakistani courts, but under continuous pressure from the provincial
governments of Sind, Baluchistan, and Punjab, as well as the federal government, recently
the courts lifted the ban on the hunting of this vulnerable species.

Some people in Pakistan have been advocating for sustainable hunting of the species instead
of a complete ban, but this is highly debatable. Reckless hunting for decades has pushed this
beautiful species toward extinction and it is now critically endangered in Pakistan.

40 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
No reliable or credible statistics on the population dynamics of the species are available
either. Unless specially protected by the law, the species runs the risk of becoming extinct in
the wild in the next few decades.

Under these circumstances, the only logical approach to save the species from extinction in
the not-so-distant future is to immediately start comprehensive captive breeding program for
the species across the nation.

If the captive breeding program runs successfully and produces an appreciable number of
chicks, then reintroduction programs could be initiated in their wild habitats.

Only after rebuilding population for some time in the wild and allowing them to breed
naturally to reach a sustainable population could some restricted hunting be planned.
Currently, the low numbers have made this species vulnerable and with zero or poor
monitoring, sustainable hunting practices in Pakistan for this dwindling species will not
work.

Game hunting works only when a stable population is achieved with strict monitoring on the
ratio of males to females hunted per season. If the females (no true statistics available) are
being taken out of the population through random hunting, the population is sure to pass
through a bottleneck in the wild habitat, with high vulnerability to eventual extinction.

The people of Pakistan need to decide what is more important-a few petrodollars or
protecting the biodiversity of the nation.

Saikat Kumar Basu

Lethbridge, Canada

1. What is the subject of the text?

A. The extinction of Pakistan's houbara bird.
B. The hunting of Pakistan's houbara bird.
C. The conservation of Pakistan's houbara bird.
D. The rehabilitation of Pakistan's biodiversity.
E. The protection of Pakistan's biodiversity.

2. From the text, we know that the writer ...

A. Enjoys hunting the houbara bird.
B. Advocates for sustainable houbara bird hunting.
C. Approves all kinds of houbara bird hunting.
D. Tries to persuade people to conserve houbara bird
E. Breeds houbara bird in captivation.

3. According to the text, why does the writer want all kinds of houbara bird hunting be
banned?
A. The population of houbara bird is getting smaller and smaller.

41 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 B. The captivation of houbara bird has been unsuccessful.
C. The houbara bird is difficult to catch.
D. The houbara bird is beautiful.
E. The hunters are reckless.

Circuses Should Not Use Animals

Animals should not be used in circus. The environment where they perform and their living
conditions are usually inappropriate. Tigers, for example which naturally live in wilderness,
must perform tricks on a narrow stage and spend their lifetime in a small cage.

Besides, the living conditions of the circus animals are poor. They live in a cramped
condition most of the time. They actually need more space to roam. They also do not have
freedom to live with their own kind.

We should ban the use of animals in circus and their confinement there.

4. Why does the writer consider circus inappropriate place to live for animals?
A. It resembles the animal's natural habitat.
B. It is the place where the animals are tortured.
C. It is the place to get public amusement.
D. It provides animals bad food.
E. It costs animals ill condition.

5. According to the text, ... .

A. Tigers are the most suitable animals to perform tricks.
B. Tigers are the smartest animals.
C. The highlight of the circus is on the animals.
D. The animals are the main performers in the circus.
E. Animals receive ill treatment in a circus.

VII. Report Text

A. Definition
Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of
systematic observation and analyses.

B. Generic Structure
1. General Clasification ; Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public
place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general.
2. Description : tells what the phenomenon under discussion ; in terms of parts, qualities,
habits or behaviors.

42 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 C. Purpose
Its social purpose is presenting information about something. They generally describe an entire
class of things, whether natural or made: mammals, the planets, rocks, plants, countries of
region, culture, transportation, and so on.

D. Characteristic
- Use of general nouns, eg hunting dogs, rather than particular nouns, eg our dog;
- Use of relating verbs to describe features, eg Molecules are tiny particles;
- Some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, eg Emus cannot fly;
- Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, eg Tropical cyclones always begin over
the sea;
- Use of technical terms, eg Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;
- Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of information; repeated naming
of the topic as the beginning focus of the clause.

E. Example
Honey Bee

Honey bee is the name given to some species of bees who have the ability to produce honey and
beeswax. Of all 20.000 species of bees in the world, there are only seven species which belong to
the group of honey bee. They are insect and all of them belong to the genus Apis. One of the
most famous honey bee is the Western Honey Bee.

There are three castes of honey bee and each of them has their own job or function. The first one
is the Queen. The queen is a female honey bee with the job to lay eggs and to be the mother of
all bees in the colony. There is only one queen in a colony of bees. An exclusive food called
“royal jelly” is what makes a female honey bee grow larger than other honey bees and became
the queen. The second one is the Workers. The workers are all female honey bees in a colony
except the queen. They can consist of as much as 60.000 bees in single colony. Some of their
duties are: feeding the brood, collecting food, receiving nectar, cleaning the hive, guard duty,
producing honey and also producing beeswax. The third one is the Drones. Drones are all male
bees in a colony. The drones have one job only and that is to fertilize the queen during the
mating process and will soon be dead after that.

The largest species of bee in the world is the Indonesian resin bee who can grow up to the size of
39 millimetres and the smallest species is the Dwarf stingless bees with the size of 2 millimetres.
They have the typical body of an insect with three sections: the head, thorax and abdomen. They
have two large eyes, two antenna, a mouth and a long proboscis on their head. They use the
proboscis to suck up nectar from a flower which later be kept on their hind legs. There are three

43 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
pairs of legs and two pairs of wings on their thorax. There are nine segments on their abdomen
and the last three segments is modified into the sting.

F. Exercise

Snakes are reptiles (cold-blooded creatures). They belong to the same group as lizards (the
scaled group, Squamata) but from a sub-group of their own (Serpentes).
Snakes have two legs but a long time ago they had claws to help them slither along. Snakes are
not slimy. They are covered in scales which are just bumps on the skin. Their skin is hard and
glossy to reduce friction as the snake slithers along the ground.
Snakes often sun bathe on rocks in the warm weather. This is because snakes are cold-blooded;
they need the sun’s warmth to heat their bodies up.
Most snakes live in the country. Some types of snakes live in tress, some live in water, but most
live on the ground in deserted rabbit burrows, in thick, long grass and in old logs.
A snake’s diet usually consists of frogs, lizard, and mice and other snakes. The Anaconda can eat
small crocodiles and even bears. Many snakes protect themselves with their fangs. Some snakes
are protected by scaring their enemies away like the Cobra. The flying snakes glide away from
danger. Their ribs spread apart and the skin stretches out. Its technique is just like the sugar
gliders.
1. Since the snakes are cold-blooded, they…
A. like sucking the cool blood
B. avoid sun-bathing to their skins
C. never sun bathe in the warm weather
D. live on the ground in deserted burrows
E. require the sun’s warmth to heat their bodies
2. We know from the text that snakes…
A. do not have claws
B. do not like sunlight
C. have two legs and claws
D. use their legs to climb the tree
E. use their claws to slither along the ground
3. Some types of snakes live in tress, some live in water, but most live on the ground in
deserted rabbit burrows,…(paragraph 4).The word “burrows “ has the similar meaning
with…
A. foster
B. dig
C. plough
D. nurture
E. cultivate
The platypus is a semi-aquatic mammal endemic to East to North Australia, including Tazmania.
It is one of the five extreme species of mono-dreams. The only mammal that lays eggs instead of
giving birth to live young. The body and the broad flat tail of these animals are covered with
dense brown fur, that traps a lay including ear to keep the animals warm. It uses its tail for story
joy fact. It has webbed feet and the large robbery’s net. These are species that are be closer to
those of ducks, then to these any known mammals. Weight varies considerably from 0.7 to 2.4
kg with males being larger than females. And male averages 50 cm total length whiles the female

44 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 major approximately 45 cm. The platypus has an average temperature of 32 degrees Celsius
rather than 37 degrees Celsius that is typical of the placental mammals.

4. What animal is being described in the monologue?

A. Octopus.
B. Rhinoceros.
C. Platypus
D. Mosquitos.
E. Hippopotamus.
5. How much does the Platypus weigh?
A. 0.7 to 2.4 kg
B. 0.7 to 2.5 kg.
C. 0.7 to 2.6 kg.
D. 0.7 to 2.7 kg.
E. 0.7 to 2.8 kg.

VIII. Explanation Text

A. Definition
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and
cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the
phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

B. Generic Structure
1. General statement
General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
2. Sequenced of explanation
Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.

C. Purpose
- Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific, and
cultural phenomena.
- To explain how or why something happens.

According to Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson (1997: 82) says that the explanation text type
is often used to tell how and why thing (phenomena) occur in nature.

D. Language Features
- Using simple present tense
- Using abstract noun (no visible noun)
- Using Passive voice
- Using Action verbs
- Containing explanation of the process ..

45 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 E. Example
How A Cancer Is Formed
What is cancer? It is actually a group of more than one hundred separate diseases. Most of us are
fear from cancer It is reasonable because next to heart disease, cancer is the second leading cause
of death.
Cancer cells come from normal cells because of mutations of DNA. Those mutations can occur
spontaneously. The mutations may be also induced by other factors such as: nuclear and
electromagnetic radiation, viruses, bacteria and fungi, parasites, heat, chemicals in the air, water
and food, mechanical cell-level injury, free radicals, evolution and ageing of DNA, etc. All such
factors can produce mutations that may start cancer.
Cancer cells are formed continuously in the organism. It is estimated that there are about 10,000
cancer cells at any given time in a healthy person. Why do some result in macroscopic-level
cancers and some do not? First, not all damaged cells can multiply and many of them die
quickly. Second, those which potentially divide and form cancer are effectively destroyed by the
mechanisms available to the immune system. Therefore cancer develops if the immune system is
not working properly or the amount of cells produced is too great for the immune system to
eliminate.

F. Exercise
Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown
away. Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic
spoons, can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new
products.
In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy
than using new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for
high-pollution alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the
manufacturing process.
Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office
paper. The most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper recycling, old
newspapers are collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminum foil.
The paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot water and turned into pulp in a
machine that works much like a big kitchen blender. The pulp is screened and filtered to remove
smaller contaminants. The pulp then goes to a large vat where the ink separates from the paper
fibers and fl oats to the surface. The ink is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as
boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibers to be made into paper again.
Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month. Every
ton of paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill space. One ton of
recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees (trees used to produce paper).
1. The following things can be recycled, EXCEPT….
A. Precious metals
B. Broken glass

46 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
C. Old newspapers
D. Plastic spoons
E. Fresh vegetables and fruits

2. Which of the following is NOT the benefit of recycling?

A. It costs much money for the process of recycling
B. It costs less to make new products
C. It requires less energy
D. It can reduce pollution
E. It reduces the demand for high-pollution alternatives

3. What is the third step of recycling paper products?

A. Collect and search for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminium foil
B. Mix the paper with hot water in a blender which turns it into pulp
C. Screen and filter the pulp to remove smaller contaminants
D. Put the pulp to a large vat to separate the ink from the paper fibres
E. Mix the pulp with new wood fibres to be made into paper again

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to built up new cells and
replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into substances that
can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called digestion.
The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small
pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva
contains digestive juice which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed easily.
From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here,
the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the
food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing,
mixing and moving the food onwards.
In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic
branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

4. What is the text about?

A. The digestive system
B. The digestive juice
C. The method of the digestive system
D. The process of intestine work
E. The food substances

5. How can we swallow the food easily?

A. The food changes into acids absorbed by the villi.
B. The food must be digested first through the process.
C. The food is directly swallowed through esophagus into the stomach.

47 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
D. The food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach.
E. The food we take must be changed into substances carried in the blood to the places.

IX. Narrative Text

A. Definition
A narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain people

B. Generic Structure
- Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are
introduced.
- Complication : Where the problems in the story developed.
- Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved.
- Coda / reorientation (optional) – lesson from the story.

C. The Characteristics
- Past tense (killed, drunk, etc)
- Adverb of time (Once upun a time, one day, etc)
- Time conjunction (when, then, suddenly, etc)
- Specific character. The character of the story is specific, not general. (Cinderella, Snow
White, Alibaba, etc)
- Action verbs. A verb that shows an action. (killed, dug, walked, etc)
- Direct speech. It is to make the story lively. (Snow White said,”My name is Snow White).
The direct speech uses present tense.

D. Example
The Rabbit and the Turtle
One day a rabbit was boasting about how fast he could run. He was laughing at the turtle for
being so slow.

Much to the rabbit’s surprise, the turtle challenged him to a race. The rabbit thought this was a
good joke and accepted the challenge. The fox was to be the umpire of the race. As the race
began, the rabbit raced way ahead of the turtle, just like everyone thought.

The rabbit got to the halfway point and could not see the turtle anywhere. He was hot and tired
and decided to stop and take a short nap. All this time the turtle kept walking step by step by
step. He never quit no matter how hot or tired he got. He just kept going.

However, the rabbit slept longer than he had thought and woke up. He could not see the turtle
anywhere! He went at full-speed to the finish line but found the turtle there waiting for him.

E. Exercise
Long, long ago, when the gods and goddesses used to mingle in the affairs of mortals, there was
a small kingdom on the slope of Mount Wayang in West Java. The King, named Sang Prabu,

48 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
was a wise man. He had an only daughter, called Princess Teja Nirmala, who was famous for
her beauty but she was not married. One day Sang Prabu made up his mind to settle the matter
by a show of strength.
After that, Prince of Blambangan, named Raden Begawan had won the
competition. Unfortunately, the wicked fairy, Princess Segara fell in love with Raden Begawan
and used magic power to render him unconscious and he forgot his wedding. When Sang Prabu
was searching, Raden Begawan saw him and soon realized that he had been enchanted by the
wicked fairy. The fairy could not accept this, so she killed Raden Begawan. When Princess Teja
Nirmala heard this, she was very sad. So a nice fairy took her to the Kahyangan.

1.Which one of the following statements is false about Sang Prabu?

A. Sang Prabu was a father of his only daughter
B. Sang Prabu was a king of a kingdom in West Java
C. Sang Prabu was taken to Kahyangan by a wicked fairy
D. Sang Prabu was a wise man
E. Sang Prabu didn’t have a son

2. Why the wicked fairy did used her magic to make Raden Begawan unconscious?
A. She didn’t like Raden Begawan
B. She didn’t want Raden Prabu marry the princess
C. She wanted Teja Nirmala to forget about her wedding
D. She didn’t want the prince of Blambangan marry the princess
E. She didn’t want the prince of Blambangan feel love with her

3. What do you think will happen if gods or goddesses cannot mingle in the affairs of people in
the earth at that time?
A. Princess Segara will have married with Raden Begawan
B. Sang Prabu will not hold strength competition
C. Raden Begawan will not die
D. Teja Nirmala will stay in the Kahyangan
E. Wicked Fairy will not take Raden Begawan’s life

4. So a nice fairy took her to the Kahyangan. (Paragraph 2) The word her in the sentence refers
to…
A. The wicked fairy
B. The nice fairy
C. Princess Nirmala
D. Prince Teja
E. The prince of Blambangan

5. The similarity between fairy and human according to the text.

A. The place they live
B. The jealousy that they posses
C. The way they don’t feel a love

49 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
D. The strength they have
E. Their life that is immortal

X. Application Letter
A. Definition
A letter of application, or application letter, is a personal letter that is typically used to apply for
a job.

B. Structure
- Sender : placed on top left. Insert full name, address, and date.
- Receiver : placed on second top left. Insert full name, address, and company.
- Salutation : greetings to the receiver / company.
- Content : include purpose of writing application letter, source of knowing the employment,
skill that the sender has, the sender’s current situation, and the reason of applying a job.
- Closing paragraph : include sender’s contact and the time that the sender can be reached.
- Signature : the sender’s signature and full name under it.

C. Language Features
1. use the present tense
2. use the verbs to indicate actions and feelings
3. use the future tense for suggesting solutions to problems the job

D. Example
Godfredo Hernadez
Main Street
Makati, 94121
October 19, 2013

Manila Public Hospitals

South Street
Manila, 94120

Dear Sir :
I am writing to express in the Registered Nurse position recommended by one of your doctor at
your hospital, Dr.Rubyleen. she and I were colleagues when we were working in Makati Public
Hospital. I graduated from Makati Health College with and Associate of Science in Nursing in
October 2010. From my resume, you will see that my experience matches the qualifications
listed for this position. I heard about this job through Dr.Rubyleen who gave me a
recommendation letter attached with this application letter.

My nursing educational background at Makati Health College and my experience as a registered

nurse at Makati Public Hospital have given me skills in patient assessment and a solid foundation
in providing holistic nursing care that focuses on all aspects of a human’s health. I am really

50 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
keen on nursing. My communication skills, along with my compassion, patience, passion and
patient advocacy, are what I offer as a registered nurse.

E. Exercise
Dini Aminarto
Jalan Elang 89
Tangerang Selatan 19837
October, 30th 2018
PO BOX 1393
JKB 11013

To whom it may concern,

I’m applying for the Project Manager position advertised through Jakarta Post. As shown in the
enclosed resume, I have a strong academic background in Chemical Engineer graduated from
Universitas Indonesia on 2007.

My current work as Project Management in various multinational company has given me

firsthand experience in the challenge associated with the development of a successful
Petrochemical Company. In addition, I have excellent managerial and communication skills both
in Bahasa Indonesia as well as English.

This background, combined with over ten years of Ethylene Plant Operation as Project
Management, has given me a unique perspective that would be particularly valuable in meeting
the responsibilities of this position, as described in your position. I am and independent
individual who capable to work under pressure.

I would welcome the opportunity to meet with you to discuss my qualifications in more detail
and look forward to hearing from you soon. Thank you for your time and consideration.

Sincerely,
Dini Aminarto

1. Who wrote the application letter?

a. Project Manager
b. Jakarta Post
c. Dini Aminarto
d. Chemical Engineer

2. What is the job position that applicant applied for?

a. Project Manager
b. General Manager
c. Chemical Engineer
d. Academician

51 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
3.. Where did the company advertise the job opening?
a. Kompas
b. Jakarta Globe
c. Tribun
d. Jakarta Post
4.. What are the skills that applicant presented on the application letter?
a. Managerial and communication skills
b. Accounting and managerial skills
c. Public speaking and communication skills
d. Bahasa Indonesia and English

5.. How many years the applicant was working as Project Management?
a. 2 years
b. 8 years
c. 15 years
d. 10 years

XI. Caption Text

I. Definition
The definition of caption text is a short text located near photos, illustration or diagram that gives
important information about the photos, illustration or diagram.

II. Generic Structure

1) the tittle
2) the lead
3) section headings

III. Language Features

1. Exclamation
2. Question
3. Adjective Phrase
4. Personal Phrase

IV. Purpose
Helping readers or viewers to understand more information that might not be in photos or videos.

52 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
V. Rules

1. Supply specific information (Answering 5W1H Question)

2. User present tense on the first sentence
3. Caption are written in a complete sentences
4. Clearly identify the people and location in the photo
5. Identify the person from left to right

VI. Example

53 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
VII. Exercise
1. What is the purpose of the caption?
a. To make the picture look better
b. To give a description of what is going on in the picture
c. To tell about who was taking the picture
d. To explain the news
e. To entertain the reader

2. According to the caption on the picture, when was the photo taken?
a. July 19 2018
b. February 1 2019
c. January 14 2016
d. December 7 2015
e. February 18 2019

3. Where was the location in the picture?

a. Sudirman, Jakarta
b. Tanah Abang, Jakarta
c. Blok M, Jakarta
d. Thamrin, Jakarta
e. Sarinah, Jakarta

4. Who is the main subject in the picture that is described in the caption?
a. Indonesian President, Joko Widodo
b. Former Indonesian President, SBY
c. Vice President, Jusuf Kalla
d. Governor of DKI Jakarta, Anies Baswedan
e. Prime Minister, Joko Widodo

5. What kind of caption is in the picture?

a. Identification bar
b. Summary
c. Cutline
d. Expanded
e. Caption

54 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 XII. News Item
A. Definition
News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered
newsworthy or important.

B. Generic Structure
- Main Events / Newsworthy event(s): it recounts the event in summary form.
- Elaboration / Background event(s): they elaborate what happened, to whom, in what
circumstance.
- Resource of Information (Source) : it contains comments by participants in, witnesses to and
authorities expert on the event.

C. Purpose
News Item Text is used to inform readers about events of the day which are considered
newsworthy or important.
Or
– To inform the readers about newsworthy or important events of the day
– To present information the readers about newsworthy or important events of the day

D. Language Features
– Focusing on circumstances (using a simple language in writing the text)
– Using saying verbs: “….”, She said, informed, told, reported.
– Sometimes at the beginning of news, the scene is mentioned : Jakarta – … .. / Kuala Lumpur –
…
– Using Past tense in explaining news events. But if it is a fact that until now still happen or still
in the form of fact, then can use simple present tense.
– Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
– Using adverbs: time, place and manner.
– Uses of material processes to retell the event

E. Example
Minister Expects MXGP 2017 To Boost Tourism
Jakarta (JP) – Indonesia is expected to earn US$5 million in foreign exchange and US$3.74
million from domestic visitors from the international sport series event MXGP 2017 in Pangkal
Pinang, Bangka-Belitung province, on March 4th and 5th.

Indonesia is the third selected country in Asia, after Qatar and Thailand, to host this MXGP sport
event. The event was introduced in 1957 and was sanctioned by international motorsport
federation, the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM). In this event, dozens of
motocross racers from 20 countries will compete in motocross races.

“The event, which will be covered by 62 foreign TV broadcasters, is also expected to help
promote tourism sites in the region,” said Tourism Minister Arief Yahya. About 5,000 foreigners
55 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
are expected to attend the event hosted for the first time by Indonesia, with each person spending
an average of $1,000 while staying in the country, he said. “We also expect over 50,000
Indonesians to attend the event,”
Arief said on Monday during a press conference at the ministry’s office in Jakarta, adding that
each Indonesian was projected to spend an average of Rp 1 million. (The Jakarta Post Jakarta |
Tue, February 28, 2017 | 01:06 pm)

F. Exercise
NEW YORK – Madonna has sued the people who run her luxury co–op building overlooking the
Central Park for refusing her request to buy a neighbor’s apartment.
Madonna claimed in court papers that the co–op’s board of directors wrongfully blocked her
purchase of the seventh–floor apartment at West 64th street on the Upper West SidE. The
Material Girl actress, who already owns a large apartment in the building, is asking the court to
let the sale go through and award her legal fees, according to a notice field Wednesday in
Manhattan’s State Supreme Court. The 49–year–old singer moved into the building after she was
rejected by the board at the Ritzy San Remo co–op in 1985 presently home to U2 frontman,
Bono
Midboro Management InC., the company that manages the West 64th street building, refused to
give comments on the dispute, and the co–op board president did not answer a call on Friday for
comment. Taken from “The Jakarta Post”

1.Madonna sued the Manhattan Co–op Board because…..

A. Midboro management Inc managed the West 64th street building wrongfully
B. they prevented her from buying another apartment at West 64th street
C. she’s not allowed to sell her apartment in that building
D. they rejected Madonna to stay at the Ritzy San Remo co–op
E. they sold her apartment building at West 64th street

2.Where did Madonna live before she moved to her apartment at West 64th Street?
A. At the building overlooking the Central Park.
B. At Bono’s apartment
C. At the luxury co–op building
D. At the Ritzy San Remo co–op building
E. At the building on the Upper West Side

The Surabaya Police have arrested a man, identified only as MN, for allegedly buying an infant
via Instagram.

MN was arrested at his house on Jl. Karah in Jambangan district in Surabaya, East Java, on
Sunday. He was found to have paid some Rp 3.8 million (US$250) for a baby boy when he was
only three days olD.

Surabaya police chief Sr. Comr. Rudi Setiawan said recently that the transaction was conducted
in Semarang, Central Java, on Sept. 23. The baby’s parents live in Tangerang in Banten.
“The baby is now safe with the Surabaya administration,” Rudi said on Monday (The Jakarta
Post, Tue, October 16, 2018)

56 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
3. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To inform readers about arrested man for buying an infant
B. To describe the important person for readers
C. To argue that arresting the man is important
D. To explain how police arrested the man
E. To convince reader that buying infant is illegal

4. What is the generic structure of the text above?

A. Orientation – Complication – Reorientation
B. Orientation – Series of event – Reorientation
C. Stating thesis – Arguments – Reiteration
D. Goal – Equipments – Steps
E. Newsworthy event – Background events – Sources

5. “MN was arrested at his house…” The underlined word refers to a house belongs to…….
A. The police officer
B. The arrested man
C. The infant parent
D. A Surabaya administration officer
E. A Semarang administration officer

XIII. Procedure Text

A. Definition
There are three definition about procedure text : (1)Texts that explain how something works or
how to use instruction / operation manuals e.g. how to use the video, the computer, the tape
recorder, the photocopier, the fax. (2) Texts that instruct how to do a particular activity e.g.
recipes, rules for games, science experiments, road safety rules. (3) Texts that deal with human
behavior, e.g how to live happily, how to succeed.

B. Generic Structure
1.Goal : (e.g : How to make spaghetti)
2.Material or Ingredient : (e.g : the material to cook omelette are egg, onion, vegetable oil, etc. )
3.Step : (e.g : first, wash the tomatoes, onion, …., second cut the onions becomes slice. . . )

C. Purpose
– To explain/tell (the reader) how to make/operate/do something through a sequence of actions
or steps.
– To explain steps/instruction to make/operate/do something

D. Language Features

57 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
– Use adverbial of sequence / Using temporal conjunction (e.g: first, second, third, the last)
– Use command / imperative sentence (e.g : put the noodles on the . . ., cut the onion. . ., wash
the tomatoes. . . )
– Using adverbials (Adverbs) to express detail the time, place, manner accurate, for example, for
five minutes, 2 hours, etc.
– Using action verbs, e.g : make, take, boil, cook
– Using Simple Present Tense

E. Example
HOW TO MAKE NASI UDUK

INGREDIENTS :
– 2 cups of rice
– 2 cups of coconut milk
– 1 tsp salt
– 1 pandan leaf
– 1 jeruk purut leaf
– 1 salam leaf
– 1 lemon grass

UTENSILS :
– pan
– big pot
– steamer
– rice paddle

COOKING METHOD :
1. Cook the coconut milk with all the other ingredients except
the rice.
2. Meanwhile, wash the rice
in another big pot.
3. When the coconut milk comes to a boil, pour it in the
pot filled with rice and stir frequently until all the liquid is absorbed.
4. Move the rice to a steamer until it is cooked.
5. Take out the leaves before serving.
PRESENTATION :
1. Serve hot on a platter with shredded omelet and a mixture of

58 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
fried peanuts and fried onions.
2. Garnish the platter with sliced cucumber, tomato and green
leaves. This recipe makes 4 servings.

F. Exercise
Ladies and Gentlemen, in case of emergency, take the life jacket which is located under your
seat.
Put the life jacket over your head and then fasten the jacket tapes around you’re your waist.
Do not inflate the jacket until you left the aircraft. The jacket will be automatically inflated by
pulling a cord, but if not, you can blow into the chip to inflate it.
A light is attached to the jacket for attracting attention. The life jacket should be removed only in
case of emergency.
The use of TV set, AM and FM radios and radio cassettes recorders, walkman, and any mobile
phones are prohibited on board as they interfere the communication and navigational system.
We wish you an enjoyable flight.

1. Where is the life jacket located?

A. Over the head
B. Around the waist.
C. Outsite the aircraft.
D. In the back of the seat.
E. Under the seat.

2. What can interfere the navigatioanl system

A. Table.
B. The life jacket.
C. Mobile phones
D. The attached light.
E. Tapes around the waist.

A quick and easy cheese cake recipe

Yield : 6 servings
Prep. Time :5 minutes
Cook Time : 40 minutes
Total Time : 45 minutes
Ingredients:
16 ounces cream cheese, 2 packages, softened
½ cup sugar
½ teaspoon vanilla
2 large eggs
4 ounces semi-sweet chocolate chips
1 prepared Graham cracker crust

Directions:
Beat cream cheese, sugar and vanilla at medium speed until well-blended. Blend in 2 eggs. Stir
in chocolate chips then pour batter into Graham cracker chust. (you may sprinkle ¼ cup mini

59 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
semi sweet chocolate chips on top if you desire).
Bake at 35calcius for 40 minutes, or until certer is almost set. Cool.
For best results refrigerate for 3 hours.

3. How many persons is the cake for?

A. 2
B. 5
C. 6
D. 35
E. 2

4. The goal of the text is to tell about . . . . .

A. how to beat cream cheese
B. how to blend sugar and vanilla
C. how to bake chocolate cheese and cake
D. how make chocolate cheese cake
E. how to make mini sweet chocolate chips

5. The text is called a/an . . . . .

A. explanation
B. description
C. procedure
D. report
E. spoof

XIV. Biography
A. Definition
Biography text is a detailed description or account of a person’s life and written by someone
else, it is non fiction text.

B. Generic Structure
 ORIENTATION (INTRODUCTION)
It is the opening paragraph, gives the readers the background information of the person.
Biasanya berisi tentang biodata yang dinarasikan seperti nama lengkap, tempat dan tanggal
lahir.

 EVENTS
In events, should be chronological order. Tahap ini adalah bagian kejadian atau peristiwa
yang dialami oleh tokoh. Berisi penjelasan suatu cerita baik itu berupa pemecahan masalah,
proses berkarir, dan berbagai peristiwa yang pernah dialami oleh tokoh hingga
mengantarkannya pada sebuah kesuksesan.

 RE-ORIENTATION (CLOSING)

60 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
It consist of conclusion or a comment or the writer. Tell about the echievement or the
contribution of the person. Pada penutup, bagian ini berisi tentang pandangan penulis kepada
tokoh yang dikisahkan. Reorentasi ini bersifat opsional, jadi boleh ada maupun tidak.

C. Language Features
 Use of simple past tense. Sebuah bentuk sederhana kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau.
Menggunakan bentuk kata kerja kedua (verb 2).
e.g. : -The family then moved to his stepfather’s home country.
-He was born on August 4, 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii.

 Temporal sequence (urutan waktu) and temporal conjunction (konjungsi temporal).

Sebagai penghubung antara satu kalimat dengan kalimat lain dalam urutan waktu.
e.g. : His parents separated when he was two years old.
Focus on Specific participants

 Use of Action verbs. kelompok kata yang menjelaskan sesuatu hal yang secara aktif
dilakukan oleh tokoh.
e.g. : the family then moved to his stepfather’s home country.

D. Example
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was born in 1809 in Kentucky (USA). He worked on the farm of his father. He
attended school for less than a year, but taught himself to read and write. He did different types
of jobs before he settled as a highly successful lawyer. He was gradually drawn to politics.
The country was having problems regarding the practice of slavery. The white men owned large
farms in the southern states, Blacks were brought from Africa to work on these farms, They were
kept as slaves. The people of northern states were against this practice of slavery and wanted to
abolish it, The Constitution of America is based on the equality of man. Therefore, there was no
place for slavery in that country,

At this difficult time, Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the USA in 1860. He wanted to
solve the problem of slavery. The southern states were against the abolition of slavery. This
brought the unity of the country in danger. The southern states were prepared even to form a new
country. Abraham Lincoln wanted all the states to remain united.

He faced many problems. He wanted to preserve the unity of the country at any cost. Finally a
civil war broke out between the northern and southern states. He fought the war bravely and
declared, 'A Nation cannot exist half free and half slave.' He won the war and kept the country
united.

Lincoln was elected president for a second term. He was not against anybody and wanted
everybody to live in peace. He made sincere efforts to heal the people's wounds caused by the
war. In 1862, Lincoln declared that from then onwards all slaves would be free. This made him
very popular among the people. Lincoln was assassinated in 1865.

E. Exercise
61 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
The following text is for questions 1 to 4.
Kang Chol Hwan was born into a loyal family that had once lived in the large Korean
community of Japan. In Kyoto, his grandfather had been supporter of Kim II Sung, North
Korean’s Great Leader since 1945. In 1961 the grandfather returned with his family to North
Korea and had important government post.

Within months, however, he was complaining to friends that North Korea was not the
country he had expected. He was shocked to see so much poverty, which he eventually came
to blame on the government’s stifl ing left for work and never returned. One morning in July
1977, when Kang was nine, his grandfather left for work and never returned.

A few weeks later, seven plain clothes security guard stormed into Kang’s house “Your
grandfather betrayed the fatherland,” one of them stated” You must be punished.”

Kang’s parents and grandmother sobbed as they forced to pack their belongings into two
army trucks. The family was driven off, but Kang’s mother was left behind, “spared” because
her own father was regarded as a revolutationary hero. That was the last Kang ever saw her.
1. What was a reason for Kang’s grandfather never returned to Kang’s house?
A. A supporter of Kim II Sung
B. Accused of betraying North Korea
C. Regarded as a hero
D. As an important person in Korea
E. Force Kang’s family to leave their homeland

2. What is mainly discussed in the last paragraph?

A. The last minutes Kang gathered together with his mother
B. The day Kang ever saw his grandma and grandpa
C. The moment Kang’s father was regarded as a hero
D. The last day Kang’s parents and his grandma sobbed
E. The sad moment when Kang’s parents meet grandma

3. Why did Kang’s grandfather disappear?

A. He left for work and went somewhere else
B. He returned to North Korea
C. He was supporter of Kim II Sung
D. He went to the government’s office
E. He was kidnapped and punished by the security guards

4. A few weeks later, seven plain clothes security guards stormed into Kang’s house.
The underlined word has the same meaning as ....
A. Destroyed
B. Attacked
C. Knocked
D. Involved
E. Knotted
The following text is for questions 5

62 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
I, Milton Friedman was born on July 31, 1921, in Brooklyn, N.Y., the fourth and last child
and fi rst son of Sarah Ethel (Landau) and Jeno Saul Friedman. My parents were born in
Carpatho-Ruthenia of the Soviet Union, They emigrated to the U.S. in their teens, meeting in
New York. When I was a year old, my parents moved to Rahway, N.J., a small town about
20 miles from New York City.

I was awarded a competitive scholarship to Rutgers University. I graduated from Rutgers in

1932. I financed the rest of my college expenses by the usual mixture of waiting at tables,
clerking in a retail store, occasional entrepreneurial ventures, and summer earnings. Shortly,
however, I became interested in economics.

In economics, I had the good fortune to be exposed to two remarkable men: Arthur F. Burns
and Homer Jones. Arthur Burns shaped my understanding of economics research, introduced
me to the highest scientific standards, and became a guiding influence on my subsequent
career. Homer Jones introduced me to rigorous economic theory, made economics exciting
and relevant, and encouraged me to go on to graduate work. On his recommendation, the
Chicago Economics Department offered me a tuition scholarship. As it happened, I was also
offered a scholarship by Brown University in Applied Mathematics, but, by that time, I had
definitely transferred my primary allegiance to economics. In 1976 I won the Nobel
Memorial Prize in Economics for my achievements in the fields of consumption analysis,
monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization
policy. In 1977, at age 65, I retired from the University of Chicago after teaching there for 30
years.

5. Who influenced Milton Friedman on economic research?

A. Sarah Ethel
B. Jeno Friedman
C. Arthur F. Burns
D. Homer Jones
E. Alfred Nobel

63 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 XV. Song
There's a place in your heart
And I know that it is love
And this place could be much
Brighter than tomorrow
And if you really try
You'll find there's no need to cry
In this place you'll feel
There's no hurt or sorrow
There are ways to get there
If you care enough for the living
Make a little space
Make a better place
Heal the world
Make it a better place
For you and for me
And the entire human race
There are people dying
If you care enough for the living
Make it a better place
For you and for me
If you want to know why
There's love that cannot lie
Love is strong
It only cares of joyful giving
If we try we shall see
In this bliss we cannot feel
Fear of dread
We stop existing and start living
The it feels that always
Love's enough for us growing
So make a better world
Make a better place
Heal the world
Make it a better place
For you and for me
And the entire human race
There are people dying
If you care enough for the living
Make a better place for you and for me
And the dream we were conceived in
Will reveal a joyful face
And the world we once believed in
Will shine again in grace
Then why do we keep strangling life
Wound this earth, crucify its soul

64 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 Though it's plain to see
This world is heavenly
Be god's glow
We could fly so high
Let our spirits never die
In my heart I feel you are all my brothers
Create a world with no fear
Together we cry happy tears
See the nations turn their swords into plowshares
We could really get there
If you cared enough for the living
Make a little space
To make a better place
Heal the world
Make it a better place
For you and for me
And the entire human race
There are people dying
If you care enough for the living
Make a better place for you and for me
There are people dying
If you care enough for the living
Make a better place for you and for me
You and for me

65 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 GRAMMAR

I. Active & Passive Voice

II. Direct & Indirect Sentences
III. If Conditional Sentences
IV. Subjunctive WISH
V. Because Of…., Due To…., Thanks To….,

66 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 I. Active & Passive Voice

A. Definition
1. Active Voice
A feature of sentences in which the subject performs the action of the verb and the direct
object is the goal or the recipient: The mechanic fixed the car.

2. Passive Voice
A feature of sentences in which the object or goal of the action functions as the sentence
subject and the main verb phrase includes the verb to be and the past participle: The car was
fixed by the mechanic.

B. Examples
1. Simple Present Tense
Aktif : S + do/does + V1
Pasif : S + to be (am, are, is) + V3 + by + O
Contoh:
Aktif : Students speak English
Pasif : English is spoken by students

2.Present Continuous Tense

Aktif : S + to be (am, are, is) + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + to be (am, are, is) + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students is speaking English
Pasif : English is being spoken by students

3. Present Perfect Tense

Aktif : S + have/has + V3 + O
Pasif : S + have/has + been + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students have spoken English
Pasif : English has been spoken by students

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Aktif : S + have/has + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + have/has + been + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students have been speaking English
Pasif : English has been being spoken by students

5. Simple Past Tense

Aktif : S + V2 + O
Pasif : S + to be (was, were) + V3 + by + O

67 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
Contoh :
Aktif : Students spoke English
Pasif : English was spoken by students

6. Past Continuous Tense

Aktif : S + to be (was, were) + V1-ing + O

Pasif : S + to be (was, were) + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students were speaking English
Pasif : English was being spoken by students

7. Past Perfect Tense

Aktif : S + had not + V3 + O
Pasif : S + had + been + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students had spoken English
Pasif : English had been spoken by students

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Aktif : S + had + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + had + been + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh:
Aktif : Students had been speaking English
Pasif : English had been being spoken by students

9. Simple Future Tense

Aktif : S + will not + V1 + O
Pasif : S + will be + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students will speak English
Pasif : English will be spoken by students

10. Future Continuous Tense

Aktif : S + will + be + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + will + be + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students will be speaking English
Pasif : English will be being spoken by students

11. Future Perfect Tense

Aktif : S + will + have + V3 + O
Pasif : S + will + have + been + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students will have spoken English
Pasif : English will have been spoken by students

68 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + will + have + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + will + have + been + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students will have been speaking English
Pasif : English will have been being spoken by students

13. Simple Future Past Tense

Aktif : S + would + V1 + O
Pasif : S + would + be + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students would speak English
Pasif : English would be spoken by students

14. Future Past Continuous Tense

Aktif : S + would + be + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + would + be + being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students would be speaking English
Pasif : English would be being spoken by students

15. Future Past Perfect Tense

Aktif : S + would + have + V3 + O
Pasif : S + would + have + been + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students would have spoken English
Pasif : English would have been spoken by students

16. Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Aktif : S + would + have + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + would + have + been +being + V3 + by + O
Contoh :
Aktif : Students would have been speaking English
Pasif : English would have been being spoken by students

69 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 C. Example

Active Voice Passive Voice

Harry ate six shrimp at dinner. At dinner, six shrimp were eaten by Harry.
Beautiful giraffes roam the savannah. The savannah is roamed by beautiful giraffes.
Sue changed the flat tire. The flat tire was changed by Sue.
We are going to watch a movie tonight. A movie is going to be watched by us tonight.
I ran the obstacle course in record time. The obstacle course was run by me in record time.
The crew paved the entire stretch of highway. The entire stretch of highway was paved by the crew.
Mom read the novel in one day. The novel was read by Mom in one day.
I will clean the house every Saturday. The house will be cleaned by me every Saturday.
The company requires staff to watch a safety video The staff are required by the company to watch a
every year. safety video every year.
Tom painted the entire house. The entire house was painted by Tom.
The students' questions are always answered by the
The teacher always answers the students' questions.
teacher.
The choir really enjoys that piece. That piece is really enjoyed by the choir.
A forest fire destroyed the whole suburb. The whole suburb was destroyed by a forest fire.
The two kings are signing the treaty. The treaty is being signed by the two kings.
The cleaning crew vacuums and dusts the office Every night, the office is vacuumed and dusted by the
every night. cleaning crew.
Larry generously donated money to the homeless Money was generously donated to the homeless
shelter. shelter by Larry.
The wedding planner is making all the All the reservations are being made by the wedding
reservations. planner.
Susan will bake two dozen cupcakes for the bake Two dozen cookies will be baked by Susan for the
sale. bake sale.
The science class viewed the comet. The comet was viewed by the science class.
The director will give you instructions. Instructions will be given to you by the director.
Thousands of tourists visit the Grand Canyon every The Grand Canyon is visited by thousands of tourists
year. every year.
The homeowners remodeled the house to help it The house was remodeled by the homeowners to help
sell. it sell.

70 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
D. Exercise
1. They translated some old documents last week. What is the passive form of this sentence?

A) Some old documents are translated by them last week.

B) Some old documents have been translated by them last week.
C) Some old documents were being translated by them last week.
D) Some old documents were translated by them last week.
E) Some old documents been translated by them last week.

2. The important email has been sent by my secretary. What is the active form of this sentence?

A) My secretary was sending the important email

B) My secretary sends the important email
C) My secretary is sending the important email
D) My secretary has been sending the important email
E) My secretary has sent the important email

3. We’ll be visiting our grandmother next week. What is the passive form of this sentence?

A) Our grandmother will be being visited by us next week.

B) Our grandmother will be visited by us next week.
C) Our grandmother would be visited by us next week.
D) Our grandmother would be being visited by us next week.
E) Our grandmother would have been visited by us next week.

4. We can see many beautiful paintings in this exhibition. They were ……. by famous
Indonesian painter.

A) Painting
B) Painted
C) Paint
D) Be Painting
E) Being painting

5. Two tents for our camping would …….. by my mother.

A) Being bought
B) Been bought
C) Be bought
D) Bought
E) Been buying

71 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 II. Direct & Indirect Sentences

A. Definition
Indirect speech is also known as reported speech, indirect narration, or indirect discourse. In
grammar, when you report someone else’s statement in your own words without any change
in the meaning of the statement, it is called indirect speech. Quoting a person’s words
without using his own word and bringing about any change in the meaning of the statement is
a reported speech. Look at the following sentences:
Direct Speech: She says, “I am a little bit nervous.”
Indirect Speech: She says that she is a little bit nervous.
In the first sentence, the reporter conveys the message of the girl using her actual words (e.g.,
“I am a little bit nervous.”) In the second sentence, the reporter conveys her message but in
his own words without any change in the meaning. Thus, both direct and indirect speeches
are two different ways of reporting a statement of person. In simple words, quoting a person
using your own words is called an indirect speech.

B. Basic Rules
Changes in Person of Pronouns:
o 1st Person pronouns in reported speech are always changed according to the subject of the
reporting speech.
o 2nd Person pronouns in reported speech are always changed according to the object of the
reporting speech.
o 3rd Person pronouns in reported speech are not changed.
Changes in Verbs:
o If the reporting speech is in present tense or future tense, then no change is required to be made
in the verb of reported speech. This verb could be in any tense i.e., present, past, or future. For
example:
Direct Speech: He says, “I am ill.”
Indirect Speech: He says that he is ill.
Direct Speech: She says, “She sang a song.”
Indirect Speech: She says that she sang a song.
Direct Speech: You say, “I shall visit London.”
Indirect Speech: You say that you will visit London.
o If the reporting verb is in past tense, then reported verb will be changed as per the following
criterion:
o Present indefinite tense is changed into past indefinite tense. For example:
Direct Speech: They said, “They take exercise every day.”
Indirect Speech: They said that they took exercise every day.
o Present continuous is changed into past continuous tense.
Direct Speech: They said, “They are taking exercise every day.”
Indirect Speech: They said that they were taking exercise every day.

72 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
o Present perfect is changed into the past perfect tense.
Direct Speech: They said, “They have taken exercise.”
Indirect Speech: They said that they had taken exercise.
o Present perfect continuous tense is changed into past perfect continuous tense.
Direct Speech: They said, “They have been taking exercise since morning.”
Indirect Speech: They said that they had been taking exercise since morning.
o Past indefinite is changed into past perfect tense.
Direct Speech: They said, “They took exercise.”
Indirect Speech: They said that they had taken exercise.
o Past continuous tense is changed into past perfect continuous tense.
Direct Speech: They said, “They were taking exercise.”
Indirect Speech: They said that they had been taking exercise.
o No changes are required to be made into past perfect and past perfect continuous tenses.
Direct Speech: They said, “They had taken exercise.”
Indirect Speech: They said that they had taken exercise.
o In Future Tense, while no changes are made except shall and will are changed into would.
Direct Speech: They said, “They will take exercise.”
Indirect Speech: They said that they would take exercise.

Important Word Changes

Words Changed Into Direct Speech Indirect Speech

He says, “He wants to He says that he wants to

This That
buy this book.” buy that book.

He says, “He wants to He says that he wants to

These Those
buy these books.” buy those books.

She says, “Everybody She says that everybody

Here There
was here.” was there.

They say, “It’s ten They say that it’s ten

Now Then
o’clock now.” o’clock then.

They said, “Sir, the time They said respectfully

Sir Respectfully
is over.” that the time was over.

73 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 Words Changed Into Direct Speech Indirect Speech

They said, "Madam, the They said respectfully

Madam Respecfully
time is over." that the time was over.

She said that she was

She said, “I am going to
Today That Day going to London that
London today.”
day.

She said that she had

She said, “I visited
visited Oxford
Yesterday The Previous Day Oxford University
University the previous
yesterday.”
day.

She said that she was

Following Day or Next She said, “I am going to
Tomorrow going to London the
Day London tomorrow.”
next day.

She said that she was

She said, “I am going to
Tonigh That Night going to see him that
see him tonight.”
night.

Good Morning, Good She said, “Good

Greeted She greeted Sir David.
Evening, Good Day morning, Sir David.”

C. Examples
1. REPORTED STATEMENTS

Reported statement adalah pernyataan yang dilaporkan. Dalam melaporkan sebuah pernyataan
dapat dilakukan di waktu sekarang (present) atau waktu lampau (past).

A. Reported Speech Dalam Bentuk Present

Menurut Thomson dan Martinet (1986: 269), reported speech dapat dikenalkan oleh reproting
verbs (say/tell/ask) dalam bentuk present: He says that … Hal ini terjadi biasanya ketika kita
melaporkan percakapan yang sedang berlangsung: He says that we have to study hard.

Apabila reporting verb (say/tell/ask) tersebut dalam bentuk present, present perfect atau future
tense, kita dapat melaporkan peryataan langsung tanpa ada perubahan.

74 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 "I am very happy."

Present She says that she is very happy.

Present perfect She has said that she is very happy.

Future She will say that she is very happy.

Dari contoh diatas, kita melihat tidak terjadi perubahan tenses dalam reported speech, hanya saja
berubahnya kata ganti (pronoun) I menjadi She. Perubahan kata ganti ini terjadi dalam setiap
reported speech.

B. Reported Speech Dalam Bentuk Past

Umumnya reported speech dikenalkan oleh reproting verbs (say/tell/ask) dalam bentuk past: He
said that… Selanjutnya tejadi perubahan dalam reported speech tersebut.
Berikut adalah perubahan tenses:

Direct Speech Reported Speech

(kalimat langsung) (kalimat tidak langsung)

Present Simple Past Simple

He said, "I buy an English book". He said that He bought an English book.

Present Continuous Past Continuous

She said, "I am writing a letter". She said that she was writing a letter.

Past Simple Past Perfect

They told me, "We visited Borobudur They told me that they had visited Borobudur
Temple". Temple.

Present Perfect Past Perfect

"I have met him", she told me. She told me that she had met him.

Past Perfect Past Perfect

"I had driven a car", he said. He said that he had driven a car.

Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

He said, "I have been playing guitar". He said that he had been playing guitar.

Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

"I was cooking fried rice", she told me. She told me that she had been cooking fried rice.

Future Conditional
He said, "I will go to Bandung on He said that he would go to Bandung on Saturday.
Saturday."

75 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 Direct Speech Reported Speech
(kalimat langsung) (kalimat tidak langsung)

Future Continuous Conditional Continuous

"I will be sleeping at 10 pm", she said. She said that she would be sleeping at 10 pm.

2. REPORTED QUESTIONS

Reported questions adalah pertanyaan yang dilaporkan. Ketika kita melaporkan sebuah
pertanyaan, maka laporan tersebut tidak lagi berbentuk pertanyaan, melainkan berubah menjadi
pernyataan (statement). Kita lihat contoh berikut:

Direct speech: “She asked me, “Where do you live?”.

Reported speech: She asked me where I lived.

Dari contoh diatas, kita melihat bahwa pertanyaan (where do you live?) berubah menjadi
pernyataan (where I lived).
Ada dua macam bentuk reported questions, yaitu: a) pertanyaan dengan question
words (5W1H), dan b) yes/no questions.

a. Pertanyaan dengan question words

Question words antara lain: what, who, where, when, why, dan how.
Direct Speech Reported Speech
(kalimat langsung) (kalimat tidak langsung)

She asked me, "What are you doing?". She asked me what I was doing.

He asked me, "Who did you meet?". He asked me who I had met.

They asked him, "Where is your school?". They asked him where his school was.

"When did you play football?", she asked She asked them when they had played
them. football.

"Why do you come late?", he asked me. He asked me why I came late.

"How was your holiday?", she asked me. She asked me how my holiday had been.

b. Yes/no questions
Gunakan if/whether (yang berarti apakah) dalam reported speech untuk yes/no questions.
Direct Speech Reported Speech
(kalimat langsung) (kalimat tidak langsung)

They asked me, "Are you happy?". They asked me if I was happy.

76 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 Direct Speech Reported Speech
(kalimat langsung) (kalimat tidak langsung)

He asked me, "Do you like swimming?". He asked me if I liked swimming.

She asked me, "Did you pass the exam?". She asked me whether I had passed the
exam.

He asked me, "Have you driven a car?". He asked me whether I had driven a car.

D. Exercise
1. “Can I borrow your pencil for a moment?”

a. She asked me whether she can borrow my pencil for a moment.

b. She asked me whether she could borrow my pencil for a moment.
c. She asked me if she can borrow my pencil for a moment.
2. “Why are you staring at my feet?”

a. He asked her why was she staring at his feet.

b. He asked her why she is staring at his feet.
c. He asked her why she was staring at his feet.
3. “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”

a. He asked if the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
b. He said that the sun rose in the east and set in the west.
c. He said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
4. “I’m going to meet my penpal for the first time tomorrow.”

a. She said she was going to meet her penpal for the first time the next day.
b. She said she was going to meet my penpal for the first time tomorrow.
c. She said she was going to meet her penpal for the first time tomorrow.

5. “We have been here for a week.”

a. They said they had been there for a week.

b. They said they had been here for a week.
c. They said we had been there for a week.

77 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 III. If Conditional Sentences
A. Definition
Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to
express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition
(in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences.
Conditional sentences are sometimes confusing for learners of English as a second language.
Watch out:
1. Which type of conditional sentences is it?
2. Where is the if-clause (e.g. at the beginning or at the end of the conditional sentence)?
There are three types of conditional sentences.

type condition

I condition possible to fulfill

II condition in theory possible to fulfill

III condition not possible to fulfill (too late)

B. Formula

Tipe conditional
If-clause Main Clause
sentence

Tipe 1 If+present simple ... will+infinitive

If I study hard, I will pass the exam.

Tipe 2 If+past simple ... would+infinitive

If I studied hard, I would pass the exam.

Tipe 3 If+past perfect ... would+have+past participle

If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam.

Posisi if-clause dan main clause tersebut dapat dibalik dan tidak mengubah maknanya, contoh:

78 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
“If I study hard, I will pass the exam.”
“I will pass the exam if I study hard.”

C. Form

type if-clause main clause

I Simple Present will-future or (Modal + infinitive)

II Simple Past would + infinitive *

III Past Perfect would + have + past participle *

Type 1
If-clause Main clause

If+present simple ... will+infinitive

If it rains, I will stay at home.

If you invite me, I will come to your party,

If he gives her chocolate, she will be happy.

If it doesn't rain, we will go to the library.

Type 2

79 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
If-clause Main clause

If+past simple ... would+infinitive

If I had time, I would go with you.

If she met her mother, She would be happy.

If I were 25, I would get married.

If I were you, I would continue my study.

Type 3
If-clause Main clause

If+past perfect ... would+have+past participle

If I had locked the car, the thief would not have stolen my car.

If I had known about your problem, I would have offered help.

If my parents had been in Bandung, I would have visited them everyday.

If she hadn't taken the course, she wouldn't have gotten the scholarship.

D. Examples
(If-Clause At The Beginning)
type if clause main clause

I If I study, I will pass the exam.

II If I studied, I would pass the exam.

80 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 type if clause main clause

III If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.

(If-Clause At The End)

type main clause if-clause

I I will pass the exam if I study.

II I would pass the exam if I studied.

III I would have passed the exam if I had studied.

(Affirmative And Negative Sentences)

type Examples

long forms short/contracted forms

If I study, I will pass the

+ If I study, I'll pass the exam.
exam.

I If I study, I will not fail the If I study, I won't fail the

exam. exam.
-
If I do not study, I will If I don't study, I'll fail the
fail the exam. exam.

If I studied, I would pass the

+ If I studied, I'd pass the exam.
exam.

II If I studied, I would not If I studied, I wouldn't fail the

fail the exam. exam.
-
If I did not study, I would If I didn't study, I'd fail the
fail the exam. exam.

If I had studied, I would If I'd studied, I'd have

+
have passed the exam. passed the exam.
III
If I had studied, I would not If I'd studied, I wouldn't have
-
have failed the exam. failed the exam.

81 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 type Examples

long forms short/contracted forms

If I had not studied, I would If I hadn't studied, I'd have

have failed the exam. failed the exam.

IV. Subjunctive WISH

A. Definition
Subjunctive is a verb used to imagine the effects of something that does not exist or does not
occur, which can be in the form of wishes, requirements, and suggestions. Or in other words, the
meaning of this subjunctive sentence is always contrary to reality or fact.

The words used in subjunctive are "wish", "as if / as though", "would rather", "if only" (if / if
only).

B. Function
 As if / as though is used to state an untrue state of reality or fact.
 Wish, would rather, and if only used to express a wish or desire.

C. Formula & Examples

1. Future Subjunctive

Future Subjunctive is used as a presupposition that refers to the future, so the fact is also in the
form of Simple Future Tense.

Wish Subject (1) + wish + Subject (2) + Could / Would + Verb 1

Example:
- I wish you would come to the party tonight.
(Meaning: I hope you will come to the party tonight.)
(In fact: He will not come to the party tonight)

NOTE
Although rarely used, but sometimes we still encounter Future Subjunctive, so we better
recognize it too. You can use Present Subjunctive instead.

2. Present Subjunctive

Present Subjunctive is used as a presupposition that refers to the present, so the fact is also in the
form of Simple Present Tense.

82 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 Wish Subject (1) + wish + Subject (2) + Verb 2 / were
As if /As Subject (1) + Verb 1 + as if + Subject (2) + Verb2 / were
though
Would rather Subject (1) + would rather + Subject (2) + Verb 2 / were
If only If only + Subject + Verb 2

NOTE
In the Present Subjunctive form, the verb used is the 2nd form (VERB 2), and if you must use to
be, must use "were" for all types of Subject.

Example:
- I wish you visited me.
(Meaning: I hope you visit me.)
(Fact: You don't visit me.)

- If only she knew.

(Meaning: If he knows.)
(Fact: She doesn't know.)

3. Past Subjunctive

Past Subjunctive is used as a presupposition that refers to the past, so the fact is also in the form
of Simple Past Tense.

Wish Subject (1) + wished + Subject (2) + Had + Verb 3 / been

As if /As Subject (1) + Verb 2 + as if + Had + Verb 3 / been
though
Would rather Subject (1) + would rather + Subject 2 + Had + Verb 3 /
been
If only If only + Subject + Had + Verb 3 / been

Example:
- She wished (that) she had more time last night.
(Meaning: He hopes that he has more time last night.)
(In fact: She didn't have more time last night.)

- Jeff looked as though he had seen a ghost.

(Meaning: Jeff looks as if he has seen a ghost.)
(In fact: He didn't see a ghost.)

83 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 D. Exercise
1. I’m planning to go to a party tonight, but it’s raining very hard now. I wish ______.
A. it stops
B. it will stop
C. it would stop
D. it has stopped

2. Rust can deteriorate a steel pipe to such an extent that it will snap easily _____ it were a twig.
A. if
B. unless
C. as though
D. although

3. She went to the blackboard as if she knew how to solve the problem. The underlined words
mean ...
A. She actually can’t solve the problem
B. She ought to know how to solve the problem
C. she definitely knew how to solve the problem
D. She should know how to solve the problem

4. I am sorry I cannot go to the airport to see your mother off. I wish I _____ to work overtime
tonight.
A. wouldn’t have
B. haven’t had
C. don’t have
D. won’t have

5. Being an outgoing person, Andrew _____ his time with friends on Saturday nights than stay at
home.
A. might be spending
B. would rather spend
C. could have spent
D. ought to have spent

V. Because Of…., Due To…., Thanks To….,

A. Definition
The conjunctions because of, and due to have a meaning because, while thanks to have a
meaning of blessing. In terms of the structure of the language, these three types of conjunctions
have similarities in the sentence patterns, which are followed by phrases.

84 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 B. Formula & Examples
BECAUSE OF
The word Because of is a conjunction that can state the reason and also the cause and effect. This
phase is followed by an object in the form of: noun (phrase), pronoun, or verb-ing. If viewed in
terms of word functions in a sentence, then because of classified words that function adjectives,
nouns, or verbs
The formula:

BECAUSE OF + NOUN (PHRASE), PRONOUN, OR VERB-ING.

Example:
1. The man works so hard because of his family. (The man works so hard because of his family.)
2. The soldiers have to leave their family because of the duty.
(The soldiers have to leave their families on duty.)
3. Because of your help, I can finish my assignment on time.
(Because of your help, I was able to complete my assignment on time.).
4. My little brother cries so hard because of being left by my mother.
(My little sister cried so hard because she was left by my mother.)
5. Because of feeling tired, She goes straight to bed.
(Because he was tired, he immediately went to sleep.)
6. I cannot come to your party due to rain.
(I can't come to your party because it's raining).

DUE TO
Due to is almost the same as the use of because of because due to is used to state cause and effect
and also state the reason for someone to do something. Due to is an adjective that functions to
describe things.
The formula:

DUE TO + NOUN (PHRASE)

Example:
1. The young man was lost his foot, due to car accident.
(The young man lost his leg, due to a car accident)
2. I couldn't come to your party last night due to rain.
(I didn't come to your party yesterday because it was raining)
3. Due to the lack of water, my mango tree doesn't grow well.
(Due to lack of water, my mango trees don't grow well)
4. Due to a lot of jobs, my father comes home late tonight.
(Due to piled up tasks, my father returns late tonight.)
5. The old man was lost his foot, due to car accident.
(The old man lost his leg, in a car accident.)
6. Due to the lack of water, my flowers don't grow well.
(Due to lack of water, my flowers don't grow properly.)

85 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
THANKS TO
Thanks to have a meaning of blessing. Thanks for being used to state something positive to
someone. More simply, this expression is an expression of gratitude for something caused by
someone or caused by good conditions.
The formula:

THANKS TO + NOUN (PHRASE)

Example:
1. Thanks for the support of my wife, I've gotten back on my feet
(Thanks to my wife's tireless support, I have already stood up again)
2. Thanks for his hard work, he is now a very successful business man. (Thanks to his hard work,
he is now the most successful businessman.)
3. Thanks to Fayyadh, I could be called as a mother. (Thanks to Fayyadh, I can be called a
mother.)
4. Thanks to God, I could live in this world. (Thanks to God, I can live in this world.)
5. Thanks to

C. Exercise
1. I am staying at home ____________ it is raining.
A. due to
B. Because
C. Because of
D. And

2. I am staying at home ___________ the rain.

A. Due to
B. Because
C. Since
D. For

3. Many species of wildlife are becoming extinct, __________ the rain forests are being
destroyed.
A. therefore
B. since
C. so
D. consequently

4. The flight is postponed _________ the weather is bad.

A. therefore
B. since
C. so
D. consequently

86 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
5. The flight is postponed __________ bad weather.
A. Because of
B. Because
C. Therefore
D. For

87 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
 REFERENCES
https://www.itapuih.com/2018/10/asking-and-giving-information-beserta.html
https://basicenglishspeaking.com/asking-information-english/
https://www.nurdiono.com/expression-and-response-offer.html
https://englishclas.com/contoh-dialog-singkat-offering-help-dan-artinya/
https://englishclas.com/materi-asking-and-giving-information-dan-contohnya/
https://dewisudjia.wordpress.com/2017/11/09/expression-of-advice-suggestion/
http://hendrisubudi31.blogspot.com/2017/06/expression-suggestion-and-advice.html
https://www.english-at-home.com/speaking/suggestions-in-english/
https://basicenglishspeaking.com/making-suggestions-giving-advice-english/
https://english-assistant.blogspot.com/2016/06/expression-of-giving-suggestion-
memberi.html
https://nurinuryani.wordpress.com/expressions/expressions-ii-senior-high-school-grade-
xi/asking-giving-suggestion/
https://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/communication-lesson-advice.php
https://basicenglishspeaking.com/making-offers-english/
http://britishcourse.com/descriptive-text-definition-purposes-generic-structures-language-
features.php
https://www.ef.co.id/englishfirst/englishstudy/descriptive-text-dalam-bahasa-inggris.aspx
https://freeenglishcourse.info/announcement-pengertian-generic-structure-dan-
contohnya/
https://www.englishcafe.co.id/contoh-announcement-text/
https://www.studiobelajar.com/recount-text/
https://gudangpelajaran.com/contoh-recount-text/#Pengertian_Recount_Text
https://freeenglishcourse.info/invitation-pengertian-generic-structure-dan-contoh/
https://englishclas.com/pengertian-invitation-text-generic-structure-dan-contohnya/
https://englishclas.com/latihan-soal-invitation-pilihan-ganda-beserta-kunci-jawabannya/
https://www.studiobelajar.com/analytical-exposition/
https://englishadmin.com/2018/11/50-contoh-soal-analytical-exposition-dan-
jawaban.html
http://britishcourse.com/hortatory-exposition-text-definition-generic-structures-purposes-
language-features.php
https://englishahkam.blogspot.com/2017/12/contoh-soal-jawaban-hortatory-
exposition.html
http://britishcourse.com/report-text-definition-purposes-generic-structures-language-
features.php
https://englishadmin.com/2018/12/53-contoh-soal-report-text-dan-jawabannya.html
http://britishcourse.com/explanation-text-definition-generic-structures-purposes-
language-features.php
https://englishadmin.com/2018/12/baru-29-contoh-soal-procedure-text-dan-jawaban.html
http://britishcourse.com/procedure-text-definition-generic-structures-purposes-language-
features.php
https://englishadmin.com/2018/11/50-contoh-soal-news-item-text-dan-jawabannya.html

88 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e
https://www.pustakabahasainggris.com/biography-text/
http://britishcourse.com/news-items-text-definition-generic-structures-purposes-
language-features.php
https://bahasainggrissmp-mts.blogspot.com/2019/09/materi-dan-soal-caption-sma-smk-
ma.html
http://samuderabahasainggris.blogspot.com/2016/05/contoh-dan-penjelasan-application-
letter.html
http://pondokasuhmuawwanahkabkampar.blogspot.com/2018/08/contoh-soal-caption-
text-dan-jawabannya.html
https://englishadmin.com/2019/11/49-contoh-soal-application-letter-dan-
jawabannya.html
http://britishcourse.com/narrative-text-definition-purposes-generic-structures-language-
features.php
http://englishadmin.com/2018/12/65-contoh-soal-narrative-text-legend-dan-
jawabannya.html
https://www.dimensibahasainggris.com/2019/07/materi-application-letter.html
https://literarydevices.net/biography/
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-active-and-passive-voice.html
https://learningpundits.com/module-view/27-direct-&-indirect-speech/1-english-
grammar-tips---direct-&-indirect-speech/
https://owlcation.com/humanities/Indirect-Speech
https://sites.google.com/site/grammarbahasainggris/direct-indirect-speech
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/if.htm
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences
http://bahasainggrisonlines.blogspot.com/2012/12/subjunctive.html
https://www.englishiana.com/2016/10/pengertian-rumus-contoh-subjunctive-wish-if-
only-would-rather.html

89 | E n g l i s h M o d u l e