© State the reason for the relation R in the set{1 2, 3} given by R = {(1. 2), (2, 1)} is not to be transitive. [IM] Ex: -1. @6 2. *IER = {(x, y): x + 2y = 8) is a'relation on N, write the range of R. 4. Let R be the equivalence relation in the set = {0, 1, 2, 3,4, 5) given by R = {(al b) :2 divides (a—b)}. Write the equivalence class [0]. Kr of 4Mark Questions 9 A Let T be the set of all triangles ina plane with R as & relation in T given by R={(Ty,T2):Ti= Ta}. Sow that Ris an equvalencs relation. €9 =tx Let fi X > Y isa function. Define a refation R on X given by R= {(@, b): fla) = f(b)}. Show that R is an-equivalence relation on X. » Let R be a relation defined on the set of natural numbers N as follows: R= (yx Ny © Nand 2x + y = 24). Find the domain and range of the relation R. Also, find if R is an equivalence relation or not. '. Show that the relation R defined byR=((a, b): a, beN, and (a-b) is divisible by 3} is an equivaience relation & Show that the relation S in the set A= {x € 2:0 at+d=b+c is an equivalence relation. 11. Let A = {1, 2,3, «..9} and R be the relation in AxA defined by (a, b) R(@, d) if'a-+d=b +c for a, b, ¢, d AProve that R is an equivalence relation. Also obtain equivalence class ((2, 5)}. 12. Let N denote the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on N x N defined by (a, b) R (6d) if ad (6 + ¢) = be (a + @). Show that Ris an equivalence relation 187 Show that the relation $ in the set R defined as S = (G@, 8): 2, beR and a < 6°} is neither reflexive, nor symmetric, nor transitive. EX" @ 4cShow that the relation R in the set R of real numbers, defined as R = {(a, 6): @ a+ 4b? isa binary operation. Computer (— 5) * (2 * 0). 6. If the binary operation * :RxR>R ‘defined as by a*b = 2a + b, then find the (2*3)*4 7. Let * be a binary operation, on the set of all non. ~ zero real numbers, given by a*b = for all a, b R— {0}. Find the value of ‘x’, given that 2S) = 10. 8. Let * be-a binary operation on set Q of rational numbers defined as a*b =, Write the identity for * if any. 9. If the binary operation * on the set of integers Z is defined by ath = a + b ~ 5, then write the identity element for the operation * in Z. 10. Let S be the set of ali rational numbers except 1 and * be defined on S by a * b= a+b ~ab, for all a, b € S. Prove that (i) * is a binary operation on S. (ii) * is commutative as well as associative, 11. Discuss the commutativity and asso binary operation ‘*” defined on A = Q~ {1} by the nile a * b=a—b + ab for all a,b & A. Alsofind the identity element of * in A and hence find the invertible elements of A. 12. A binary operation **” is defined on the set X = R -(1} by x*y =x + y + xy, for all x, y eX. Check whether * is commutative and associative, Find its identity element and also find the inverse of each element of X. 13. Let * be a binary operation'on set Q of rational numbers defined as ath =222 =. Show that * is commutative as well as associative. Also, find its identity element, if it exists. 14. Is the binary operation * defined on set N, given by atb = 222for all a, b N, commutative? Is it associative? AS Let A=NXN and * bea binary operation on A defined by (a, b)*(¢, d) = (a +c, b +d). Show that * is commutative and associative. Also, find identity element for * on A, ifany, EX" @:s) 16. Let A = Rx R and be a binary operation on A defined by (a, b)*(, d) = (a +o, b +d). Show that * is commutative and associative. Also, find identity element for * on A, if'any. EX =! 17, Let A= Q x Q, where Q is the set of all rational numbers,-and * be 2 binary operation on A defined by (@, b) * (¢, d) = (ac, b + ad) for (a, b), (c,d) € A. Then find (j) the identity element of * in A. invertible elements of A, and hence write the inverse of elements (5, 3) and (1/2, 4). 18, Consider the binary operations #: Rx RR: 0: RX R-PRdefined as ci%h = fa ~ bl and ac 4@, for all a, b ER. Show that * is commiitat but not associative, 0 is associative but commutative. 19. A binary operation * on the set (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 is defined as ce atbifatb<6 i (eee Fg Show that zero identity for this operation and cach element, of the set is invertible with 6 — a, being } werse of ‘a, Let * be the binary operation on N given by *b = LCM. of a and b. Find @) 5*7, 20*16( Is * commutative? (iii) Is * associative? (iv)Fy, the identity of * in N (v) which elements 9 are invertible for operation *? EX 21. Given a non-empty set X, ae ae bine operation *:P(X) xP(X) P(X) given by A * =A OB, A,B P(X), where P(X) is the pow set of X. Show that * is commutative a associative and X is the identity element for t operation and X is the only invertible element P(X) with respect (othe operation *. (Z.Consider-the binary operation * on : (1, 2, 3, 4, 5} defined by a*b = min {a t Write the operation table of the operation * . FUNCTIONS 1. Let A= (1, 2, 3}, B= (4, 5, 6, 7) and let f= {(1,4), (2, 5), G, 6)}be a function from. a to e State whether fis one - one or not, Ext g & 2. State whether the function f N ->N given by £(%) = 5x is injective, surjective or both 3. If f(x) =x +7 and g(x) = x — 7, xeR, find (fog)(7). 4, If f: R OR is defined by f(x) = 3x + 2, find £(f0)}. - 5. If f R DR is defined by f(x) =(3 — x29}, find fof(x). BS Write fog, if £RSR and g:R > R are given "by : f(x) = 8x? and g(x) =x ™. 7. If EROR and g:R > R are given by:f(x) = 2722 and g(x) = x", find gof(x). é IEE: R DR and g:R-DR are given fx) = sinx and g(x) = 5x’, find gof(x). 9. Write fog, if FRR and gR > Rare given by : f(x) = [xl and g(x) = [Sx —2 10. If the function f: RR defined by £(%) LL IfEROR defined as f(x) = #22 is an invertit function, write £7! (x). 12, If ERR defined as f(x) = = is an invertit function, write £7 (x). 4 Mark Questions : 13. Let A=R~(2} andB=R- {I}. 18 A> defined bys) Show that ‘f is one 2 ‘one and onto and hence find f'. 14. Show that the function f in A = R- { ws defined asf (x) = 2% is one - one and om Find the inverse of fand hence find £~! x such that f(s) = 2. 1. Show that the function f in A= R~ (3 defined . as f() = check whether fis onto or not. Hence find in (Range of) > A 16, Let f: NDR defined by f(x) = 4x“ + 12x +1 Show that f N 3S is invertible, where S ist Oe is one ~ one. Al“ele and e" ( wonsider fe given by f ¥7*00) Gi). range of f. Find the vaverse of and hence find (87) fx) = +4 Show that fis invertible with the inverse (72) of £ given bys") = fy=a, where A is the set of ali non ~ neg veal mbers, OS Consider, RES, ») given by SL) = 9x° + 6x — 5. Show that fis invertible ith f-*Q) = (EB) Hence find @ with FO) ora ) Hes 9 Sat @ O=s me 9, a) 15 Consider/, n by Fe) = 58 + 6-9. Show that fs invertible with (20) = (E52), 20. Prove that ‘the function f: N ->N defined by f{%) = x2 +x 1 is one — one but not on-to. 21. Show that fN-WN, given by _ (et Lifrisodd , 10) = EE fisenen onto, : ) is both one — one andy fale oe -ctive function. 22. Show th st FW->W. given by _ (at Lifniseven, f@)= { n—Lifnisodd bi defined by [NON be (n)= ne, whennisodd i 2 whenniseven whether the function fis bijective, Justify your answer, EX?\-2% QO 24, If the function f: R->R given by f(x) =x? + 3x + Land g: RR given by g(x) = 2x ~ 3, find @ gof (ii) fog 25.*If the function f° R DR be given by f(x) = x? + 2 and g: R DR be given by = 5, x #1, find fog and gof and hence find fog(2) and goff- 3) 26. Let f, g : R PR be two functions defined ag (x) = [xl + x and g(x) = [x - x, for all x eR, xz, Then find fog and gof. Lif (x) = Z2 , show that fof(x) = x for all x #4, What is the inverse of f? 28. Let f: ROR be defined as f(x) = 10x +7. Find the function g:R > R such thatgof = fog = Ir for all neN. State 1. Using principal values, write the value ofa sin” b. cor™ ) as e. cost (28) 2. tan~*(—1)Using principal values, write the value of ac) + 2sin () a. (F)+e057(3) a D+sin (2) \ cos"? nt i tan“? v, G)-20@) e, (9) ~se0"¥-2) nO +e) cos~* tan Z tan=? aye fe ee e. G)+e5*(3) e (2) aaa) _ @Q+asn4(2) sin sia 2cos“* 3. Using principal values, write the value of a. tan“ {tan2 £ sin*[sin23] ha sin [E~ sin (} b. cos“ [cos 24] 2tan i. cost cos? + cos"? eos 2 @ sin* [ein 2} 4. sin [sin] tan ©. ean* fein ()] 4, Find the value of ‘x’, if c(i) +0540) =! a, @)tcos (2) =F f sin? sir Pi (2) + cosec™(x) =f p, (3) + eot*@y =F " sec tan“? 5. What is the domain of the function:sin™x. 6. Show that (°) = 2sin-tx sin y) =F , 7. se) +8000) = 7 where xy <1; find the value oftety + ayy tan" a, ore) +9000) + tan") =F 5», 2 > m, then find thesvalue of xy +yz+ ix. tan-* 9. Evaluate: (i) tant [2cos (asin ())) Gi) tan* [ase (zcos ®)| 10. Prove that tan™*(1) + tan™*(2) + tan™*(3) = sin (2) + sin (3) + sin (2) (2) + sin (2) = co") 36) sin™® (&) + sin (2) cos"? (3) + cos-* (2) cos (22) 4 sin . ofl oa: 4. tan“*(2) ©. 2ean-*(8) ~ tan-# 22) = £ 2ean-#(2) +ean-#(8) == g. 2stn7?(2) ~ean- (2) =4 bh. 2ean- (2) + can“* ewe sin (2) + 605 sin-* (8) + cos” zp OoP Bs 2) + tan (S) =n= ny 2 ay @ Efe) x (SE) tcos(stn-8 1 coe) 5. tan[tsin-* 2] = asin (2) ton (2 yotan e+ tan"? (BES zotan“12x + tan"? ( ae) = 8 tan A(FR) = feos ( Db cot" (Fae ESE v. cosltan“*{sin(cot™4x)}] = [2 cx. cos"*(x) + cos"* f+ w. sinfeot™{cos(tan"*x)}] = ft 11. Solve for ‘x’: ; a. 2tan“*(cosx) = tan“*(2escx) (a) + sin (@) = @ GH 1 i ‘ b. 2tan™*(sinx) = tan™"(2secx) cos cc. tan“2x + tan“13x == fe tenets Seve tee 4. sin-t6x + sin“*6V3x i pln A 2) +n m. +tan*(x)00 p. tan? (2) + cot (SE) =2;-10 12. Solve for x: 3sin- (245) — dcos-? 225) + 2tan" (2 13, Prove that : tan” (2) +c0r “(2 erat @-=! 14, Prove that : 2tan“? (2) + see“? (9%) + 2tan# (2) = ‘ 4 15, Prove that : tan (E+ 3cos-*(2)) + tan (¥—3cos"* (2) 16. Prove that: cot~t 282) + eot-* (2242) + cot (E22) 17. If sin(cot~*(x + 1)) = cos(tan~*x, then find ‘x’. 18. If (¢an“x)? + (cots) 19. Iftan™* (45) + tan“* (5) 20. Find the value of the following: a. tan" (£) — tan (2) b. tan3[sin-* (25) + c057* (4), bel <0, >0Axy <1 ©. cor$[cos™* (2) + sin (22)], bel <1, y> 0 and xy <1. ie, Te eta ae sz ae 5 then find ‘x’. ean"? (Aa) +4 tan™ ran“x, then find ‘x’. aa) ‘a Fo TS, TAAL1 Mark, ms 1. If a matrix has 5 elements, write all possible orders it can have. 2. For a 2x2 matrix A = pease [aj], whose elements are given by ay="22" write the value of ay). 3. For a 2x2 ina A= [ai], whose elements are given by ay= 4, write the value of aia 4. A= [ah where aj= {i 3 a x . construct a 3x2 matrix A. 5. *The elements ay of a 3x3 matrix are given by ay= FV —31 + jv. Write the value of element azs, stant Sew | then f'n + an. 7. If A is a matrix of order 3x4 and B is of order 4x3, find the order of (AB). 8. Let A and B are matrices of order 3x2 and 2x4 respectively, Write the order of matrix (AB). 1) 9. Write order of product matrix: f 23 4. 3, wo.tfa=[2\ $],8=[2, 3), then find a—B. 11.183A-B=[§ 3 (5 3p then fing a. wi, TP a4atlh F olbinaa: past gol clans write &ry 14.18 [3 * we Ff, 4 4), then find (x+y). 1s. “ey ort i: ‘x? and ‘y’ ty ULy7 ae were [7 Sle [f gh thenfind ‘x we, SES 18, Find ‘a’, if [2 Ey neh, “> TP then find *y*« beta fa 5) A|BIC tarticle Handmade fans 40 [25 [35 Mats 50 | 40 | 50 Plates 20 [30 | 40 Find the fund collected by each school separately by selling the above articles. Also find the total funds collected for the purpose. Write one value generated by the above situation. 21. To promote the making of toilets for women, an organization tried to generate awareness through =@- house calls. ji) letters and (ii) announcements. The cost for each, mode per attempt is given below: (i) Rs.50 ii) Rs.20 (iii) Rs.40 The number of attempts made in three villages X, ¥.and Z are given below @ 1G) Gai) x 400 300 100 ¥. 300 250 75 Zz 500, 400) 150 ‘Find the total cost incurred by the organization for the three villages seperately using matrices. ‘Write one value generated by the organization in the society. 22. There are two families P and Q. There are 3 men, 3 women and 2 children in family P and 2 men, 2 women and 4 children in family Q. The recommended daily calories is : ‘Man: 2400, Woman: 2000, Child: 1400 and Proteins is:Man: 60 g, Woman: 40 g and Child: 35g. @ Represent the above information by matrices. Using matrix multiplication, calculate the total requirement of calories and proteins of each of the two families. Gi) Which family is an ideal family and why? 23, There are 3 families A, B and C. the number of men, women and children in these families are as under: ‘Men. ‘Women, Children FamilyA | 2 3 1 Family B 2 1 3 Family C 4 2 6 Daily expenses of men, women end children are Rs.200, Rs.150. and Rs.200 respectively. Only ~ men and women eam and children do not. Using matrix multiplication, calculate the daily expenses of each family. What impact does more children in the family create on the society? 6 Mark Questions 1. Solve the following system of equations using matrices method. a) x+2y+2=7,x+32= 11, 2x—3y=L. =4; 3x-y-22 3;x+2y—3z=8 xty-z=3;2x+3y+z=10;3x-y—72= e) X-yt22=7; 3xtdy—Sz-=— 5; 2x-y 4 32-12, 5; 6x +2y+ 32= 70 8) 2x-3y+ 52=11; 3xt+2y- 42 =—53 xt y-2: h) 2xty+z=7;x-y- 5 3x + Oy +z 2) x-y4 22-15 29-327 13x 2y 4 42=2, . Find the inverse of the following matrices by Using elementary operations. ese pas off falo[t 2 Hale 2] 3-2 31 13 1.3 =4 (iv) |-3 0 afafe § 20 each ole lora%ea est al 5 7] nots (wii) iS 0 Sa & 8) G9 ae) 3. Find” the © of the — matrix 3-14 A= (a5 6 +) and hence show that Sai 22 AMAS 1-1 9 Zeta 4. IfAzl2 3 ‘|en-[- 2 —4are Oot sald 2-1 5 two square matrices, find AB and hence solve the system of equations : xy =3;2x+3y +42 =Ity+2z= i 5 Find ine rod | 3 i 3)i 2 =| ches and ve it to solve the syaters of equations: xHyten dx ty tz=0.x—3ytZe2 A 0 7 2 -6 6 Wa=|2 4 a) mae- [2 1 -3|, find 0-2 1 -4 2 5 AB. Hencé, solve the system of equations: x -2y= 10; 2x+y+3z=8 and—2y+z=7.“04 9 2 ~3] to solve 6 1 72 ions: x—y +2z= 1; 2y 32 . Use product Le | the system of en 1;3x—2y +4 wa aye 2 8 Find he produ 1 2l[5 0 3] n 1 ali W2 3 use it to solve the system of equations: xy taed,—xty tz 0,x~3y 4202 9, Find A”), Hence solve the system of equations. te as a) A=|1 -1 =“ 23-1 = arty a 10. *Two institutions decided 40 award their employees for the three. values resourcefulness, competence and determination in the form of prizes at the raie of Rsx, Rsy and Rsz sougtvely -per person. The first institution decided to. award respectively 4, 3 and 2 employees with a total prize mohey of Rs.37,000 and the second institution decided to award respectively 5, 3 and 4 employees with a total prize!money of Rs.47,000. If all the three prizes pet person together amount to Rs.12, 000, then ising matrix method find the value of x, y and 2. What values are described in this question L1.°Two schools A and B want to award their selected students on the values of sincerity, truthfulness and helpfulness. The school A wants to award Rs.x cach, Rs.y each and Rs.z each for the three respective values to 3, 2 and 1 students respectively with a total award money of Rs.1600. School B wants to spend Rs.2,300 to award (0 its 4, | and 3 students on the respective values (by giving the same award money to the three values as before). If the total amount of ward for one prize on each value is Rs.900, using matrices, find the award money for each value. Apart from these three values, suggest one more value which should be considered for award. 12. Two schools P and Q want to award their selected students for the values of sincerity, truthfulness and hard work at the rate of Rs.x, Rs.y -and-Rs.z for each respective value per student. School P awards its 2, 3 and 4 students ‘on the above respective values with a total prize money of Rs.4600. School Q wants to award its 3, 2 and 3 students on the respective values with a total award money of Rs.4,100. If the total amount of award money for one prize on each value is Rs.1,500, using matrices find the award money for each value. Suggest one other value which the school can consider for gwarding the students. 13. A school wants to award its students for the values of Honesty,. Regularity and Hard work with a total cash award of Rs.6, 000/-. Three times the award money for Hard work added to that given for Honesty amounts to Rs.11, 900/-. ‘The award money given for Honesty and Hard work together is double the one given for Regularity. Represent the above situation algebraically and find the award money for each value, using matrix. method. Apart from these values, namely, Honesty, Regularity and Hard work, suggest one more value which the school must include for awards, 14, The management committee of a residential colony decided to award some of its members (say x) for Honesty, some (say y) for Helping the others and some others (say z) for supervising the workers to keep the colony neat and clean. The sum of all the awardees is 12. Three times the sum of awardees for cooperation and supervision added to two times the number of awardees for Honesty is 33. If the sum of the number of awardees for Honesty and Supervision is twice the number of awardees for helping others, usingmatrix metho, find the number of awardees of each category. Apart from these values, namely Honesty, Cooperation and Supervision, suggest one more value which the-management of the colony must include for awards, Two schools A and B decided to award prizes to their students for three values honesty (x), punctuality (y) and obedience (z). School A decided to award a total of Rs. 11000 for the three values to 5, 4 and 3 students. respectively while school B decided to award Rs. 10700 for the three values to 4, 3 and 5 students respectively. If all the three prizes together amount to Rs. 2700, then. i. Represent the above situation by a matrix equation and form Linear equations using matrix multiplication, 15. ji, Is it possible to | 22.147 3 ead ody ZF lee 3 mae 1 [B 3] find value of “x [4] write postive value of x", Ly ate 3 | then write fx’ 25. tthe y cor i 26.1f A=[} 4], find the value 314}. 3]. fina se. ei gat =f? § 27. Write 4 pak 3h 2s. if A= [2 = write A“ in terms of A. sind cos 29, Write the inverse ofthe matrix { “58 sinda 2 3 latb+2e a b = 7 30.18 4=|2 0-1), write minor of azzand ass j 1) © bter2a 0b Ss 3 Bl c a cta+2b) 5 3 8 +c) 31.1f.a=]2 0 1], write (i) Minor of element | Bes te it 2 3 in fa-b b-e c-al=a?+b? +c? 3abe apa(il) Write the co-factor of asa. be ch 32.1f Ag is co-factor of the element aj of the b+c a-b 2 -3 5 W\era b-c abe - ab? —c? 6 0 4 |, then write value of a2.Az2 a+b cma a § ets |, ax 2x 33, Evaluate 1B.) 2x x44 2x |= (Sx+4)(4—x)? 4) |eos15° sin1S*| (... | sin30° cos30* es ae ee OlSarse cosrsel © |eSincoe -coseoel Pere ales Blew] 7 wy yk ly [=e oy+0 hag, veal "—20 ai t20 Dash (Pees? ~2sindleyy fate eri Palette cas i @-» sind cos e+ id a —ib 27 65] 102 18 36) te ae Pee ie aoe WG. fet2y x xty lov" +y) 4 a b+cl {2 3 4) J0 2 9} Ie EY c * 4 b c+allivS 6 8 |(wl2 3 4lv Bx nxty —x4z 4c atbl lex ox i2xl 4 5 ol U1 jemy By zy |=3(xtyta)(xytyztzx) ja—b b-c ca Sie-_ ye 32 i)\b-c c-a a-5| e-a a—b b 1 itp 1tp+q 4 Mark Questions 18.|2 34+2p 143p+2ql=1 Using the properties of determinants, prove thet: (a+4)(at2) at2 1 1. |@+2)(@+3) a+3 1 (a+3)\(a+4) at4 1 3 6+3p 14 6p +34) a atb atbtc 2a 3a+2b 4a+3b+2c Isa 6a+3b 100+ 6b +3cl 19. teeaNet sty 3] 2+) 5: ax Bla b cl=(@—-Hb~ce-a) toch by Or del ja bc? ata 1 xy 2 24 1 1+b 1 |=ab+bet+cat abe ae x 27) = aya(x- y)-2)(@-2) di 34 rebel ie 3 poo! iz ati ab. ac alae MW ab bP+1 be [el tat ab? tc? 4 la b cl =(a-b\b-cc-a) cach 41 ab be cal @ be tac] 23. |a? 2 a 8 5. a? B® c2|=(@-b)(b—c) (c—a)(abtbetea) ee nee @ dda lhe ca ab +o? a be ‘ bok Iheiemoc-weiben (Pe a HG-He-eb-odt la? :b? c3| CIVC9.G n ) (a+b)? c? abl @ b ¢ b+o)(@+b?+c%) 7 [at BE Heeyb-oe-axerbro (o+o? ab ca pte ca ato 25.) ab (atc)? be | =2abc(atbtc)’, & leta c alm@+b+cla-o)h ee be “(a+ by eh a? ab ac abe 26.) ba -b* bc | = 4b? 2b ac bec 2¢ btc a a ab cta b |=4abe © oc ath WAMGUND AN,bee ota a+b a+b b+e cba ptr yz +p ztx p+q x+y be cta cha at) ath bee a bc cHbl atc 6b cna la-b bea cc ja? a? —(b-c)? jb? b?-(c-a)? ca jc? c?-(a—b)?_ ad toto) @+b +c) 1 a®+be a3 1b? +ca bP cab 3 Ble x? 4x oe at a +a? — 5? 2ab ue a+b?) x x? 1+px4 ly 2 1+py? jz 2? 1+p2? where ‘p’ is any scalar. ja a? 1443 bb? i463 ec? 14c3 28. a| bl 29. lab Ib oc loa 30, =(atb+c) (a? +b? +4) be| 31. = (a—by(b-c)(e~a) (a 32, a-b)(b-c(e-a)(a’+ b+") 33. 1-xy 2ab 1-a? +5? =2a —2b 2a 1a? — bl 34, Fc + 35. I=(1-+pxyz)(x-y)(y-z\z-x) 36. If a¢b#cand]| = 0, then show I+ abe =0. 37. If a, band c are positive and unequal, show ja b ¢| thata: cc a| isnegative. pie va be 38. Ifa¢#b#eand|b c a|=0, then using properties of deteminans, prove that s+bte = 0 ae.ttaibict Oand| : = 0, then using lc a properties of determinants, prove that a= b=c a -1 01 40. IF f(x) =]ax a —1|.using propertiés of} - lax? ax a ; determinants find the value of (2x) ~ ). @ b-y e-g 41.tfla-x "b c—2|=0, then using la-x-b=y properties of determinants, find the value of a/x + bly +e/z ,x,y,2 40. 42. If x,y and z are in G.P., then using properties of determinants show that pxty x y pytz -y z , 0. prty py+z where x # y #2 and p is any real number. atbr cdr p+qx aoc p 43.Jaxtb: cxtd prtal a 4| ue ow uy wi athe? ctdx? page’ bid q 44. Jax?+b vext+d pxtt gle Ga jc H « v w lu ty w ti x+2 x+qi 45. Showthat jx+2 x+3 x+b|=0,wherea,b +3 x+4 x+cl and care in AP. 46. Using Properties of determinants Solve for x: ix-2 2x3 3x4 a) |r-4 2x-9 3x-16/=0 Ix-8 2x-27 3x-64l atx a-x a—x b) Ja-x atx a-x/=0 Jla~x a-x atzl ta x |x xa x [a0 x ox xtal kt4. 2x 2x a [2x oxt4 2x |=0 ix 2x x +4 It2 x46 x—1] e) |r#6 x-1 x+2|[=0 Ie-1 x42 x+6l CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY CONTI 16 Discuss the continuity of the following function = 05s) = fee FO atx= 0; £0) f ea 7 { Sx—4,whend {4 — Sy nent 2 5. Check whether the differentiable at x = x ifx<1 fx)={ 2-xiflsx<2 24 3x— x7 if >2 fea cosx,ifx > 0 6. *Show that fo) = 4 2ife=0 is SEED ips <0 following function is 1 and x = 2 or not: | | | | Songmuees atx =0. 7. *Find all points of discontinuity of f; where | pen eee faefined as:f(x) = 4-2x,if -30 21. *For what value of ‘k’ is the function defined by (k(x? +2) if <0 fey { 3x+1,ifx>0 Also, write whether f(x) is continuous at x = 1 or not ? 22. *For what value of ‘k’ is the function defined by (ka? + 2),ife $0 foorf Ax +6ifx>0 Hence, check differentiability of f(x) at x = 0? 23. *Find the value of ‘a’ for which the function ‘7 defined as fa) = OEE DESO, lefined as F() fice continuous at x = 0? continuous at x = 12 senecains continuous at x = 0. 24.*Find the value of ‘k’ for which EAE when-152<0 bli ina is ;whend $x<1 continuous at x= 0. 25. *Find the values of *k’, for which the function Ff defined is continuous: coe wae Sifx= atte ape > 26. *Find the relationship between ‘a’ and ‘b’ so that the function ‘f defined by: 100) = fot RSS bx + 3,ifx >3 27. *Find the value of ‘a’ if the function f(x) defined if <2 by f@)= a,ifx=2 is continuous at Also, discuss continuity of f(x) at x=3. Seige ct fox) = is continuous at x =3. xHLifx>228.*Find the value of *k’ if the function f(x) 2x4 Life <2 defined by f(@) =} k,ifx =2 is continuous 3x- Life > 2 atx =2. Hee pe <0 29. *Let f(x) = aifz=0 js continuous at = Frenne f# > 0 x=0, determine value of 2", 30. *If the function (x) given byf(2) = | Bax +bifx> 1 is continuous at x = 1, find ‘a’ 31. *Find the value of ‘a’ and ‘bt so that the function defined as follows is continuous. ‘ax? +b, lfx>2 fx) =) 2ife 2ax —b,ifx <2 32, *The function f(x) is defined as xt axt bif0sx<2 f(x) Bx420f2Sx<4 2ax +Sdif4 1, then show that ae tooled es 2 rere (4x?) 22 4x2 my=0 ae shog ital 26. tog lt = x) = VT FX, show that 624 La rg? +) 2-2 (txt xy +120. MAE y= (cota? show that Q1f y=[x+viFe]" , prove that (2+ 1PEE axe? +) (42) 4 xB n'y 15.41 y= (see ty)? show that 28. *If y= logtan [+3] » show — that x60 es oe & = secx. Also find £2, 16.*1f y= e8F's,-11, then show that 25 “If me deal: tee prove that x01) Brat YZ =0. ‘ (14x) x@ my=0. 26. *Iflog(v1 +x? — x) = yV1¥ x? , show that aay, (eet =O. 27.1f y=(x+VvI¥x7] , prove — that (14x) Soa ny =o. 28.%1f y=logtan[E+2] , show that 13.41f y= (anx)® show (24 17EZ+2xG? + 1) B=2 14.41f y=(cotts)? | show G2 41° axe +1) 15.41 y=(sec“tx)? 5. show 263-1 Oxia) & . 4 é XR get Ox'-9) | & = secx. Also find £3. ences "*,—-1Sx=1 ,° show that yy 29.*If y = a sin x + b cos x, prove that 2, ant vy=0 yea (BY sat 40? s-1SxS1,-show that | | 39. *Ifx=acos0 + bsindandy = asind-beos0, ) ee ay=0 ; prove that YX x4 y= 0. logy tam“tx , show that “9 % * “ (ys + Ox- Dy, =0. By) Metlty= xtog ( 0. Also, find the points of intersection where both tangent and normal cut the x ~ axis. 10, Find the equation of the tangent to the curve 4x? + Oy? = 36 at the point (3cos0,2sind). I1.For the ‘curve x = 2cos@ ~ cos20 and y= 2sind-sin29, find equation of tangent at =F, 12.*For the curve x = 1 — cos@ and y: 6- sind, find equation of tangent and normal.at 0/=13. *Find the equiion of the tangent to the curve x= sin3t, y= cosdt at t= 14, Find: the equation of the tangent to the curve X= bsin°s, y= b cos" at point where t= 5. 15.Fing the equation of tangent to. the curve X =a cos + 2 sind, y = a sin ~ a 0cos0 at any point @ of the curve. Also show that at any point 0 ‘of the curve the normal is at a constant distance from origin. 16. *Find the equation of the normal to the curve ay’ =xat the point whose x coordinate is am? 17.*Find the equation of the normal at the point (am?, am’) for the curve ay? =x : 18, Find equation of normal to the curve y = x°+2x + 6 which is parallel to the line x + 14y +4 =0. 19, *Eind the equation of the tangent to the curve y = ¥3x—2 which is parallel to the line 4x42y +5 =0. 20: *Firld the equation of the tangent to the curve xt 3y = 3, -which is parallel to the line = 4x + 5=0. 21.Find the equation of tangent to the curve y= tos (x+y), -2m sx <0 , that is parallel to the line x + 2y=0. 2. nw the equations of tangents to the curve = (x? = 1)(x - 2) at the point where the curve tots thex— as 23. seri the equation of the tangent to the curve GSS: # the point, where it cuts the x ~ axis, 24. *Find the point on the curve y= 3° ~11x+5 at which the equation of tangent is y= x ~ 11. 25. *Find the points on the curve y =x? at which the slope of the tangent is equal to: the y-co ‘ordinate of the point. | 26. *Find she points on the curv 21, 28. 30. 31 32. 33. 34, 35, 36. 37, 38, 2 yP-2x 340 al which the tangents are parallel to x ~ axis, *Fing the points on the curve y= x° - 3x? + 2x, at which tangent to the curve is parallel to the line y - 2x +3 =0. “At shat points will the tangents to the curve y= 2x? ~ 15x? + 36x —21 be parallel to x ~ axis? ‘Also, find the equations of tangents to the curve at these points. If the tangent to the curve y = x? + ax +b, at P(1, ~ 6) is parallel to the line y—x = 5, find the values of ‘a’ and *b’. *Find a point on the parabola f(x) = (x - 3), where the tangent is parallel to the chord joining, the points, (3,0) and 4,1). . *For the curve y = 4x? — 2x5, find all those ints at, which the tangent passes through the origin. Find the point on the curve 9y? = x’, where the normal to the curve makes equal intercepts on the axes. *The area of the triangle formed by the tangent and the normal at the point (e,-a) on the curve ¥° @a—x) =x and line x = 2a is S sq. units. . *Prove that the curve (2)" + (2)" =2 touches the straight line +2 = 2 at (, b) for all values ofn e Net the point (,b. *Show that =+2=1 touches y= bee at the point where curve crosses y ~ axis. *Prove that the curves y"= 4ax and xy = c” cut at right angles, if c* = 32a°, . *Prove that the curves x right angles if 8k? . Find the value ofp for which the curves x2 = 9p(9—y) and x= p(y +1) cut each other at right angles. and xy = k cut at MAXIMA AND MINIMA 1. Find the absolute maximum and. absolute minimum values of the function f given by f(x) = sin?x — cosx, xe (0, x]. Find the local maxima and local minima, of the function {(x) = sinx — cosx, 0 < x < 2x. Also, find the local maximum aid local minimum values. Find the maximum and minimum values of flee) = seox + log cos*x, 0 cm. 43.*A jwindow is in the form of a rectangle sumounted by a semicircular opening. The total: perimeter of the window is 10 m. Find the ‘dimensions of the window to admit maximum light through the whole opening. 44.*A window is in the form of a rectangle surmounted by an equilateral triangle. The total perimeter of the window is 12 m. Find the dimensions of the rectangle that will produce the largest area of the window. 45. "Find the area of the greatest rectangle, which can be inscribed in an ellipse +2 = 1, 46.*Find the maximum area of an isosceles triangle inscribed in the ellipse {+24 =1 withjits vertex at one end of the major axis ‘maximum area of an isosceles triangle ingetibed in the ellipse +2 =1 with its vertéx at one end of the major axis. a, f(x) = x4— 8x? + 22x? - 24x +21 D. f(x) = 2x? — 9x7 + 12x 415 50. SI 52, 53, 34, 55, 56. 57, 38. 59, 61 \B is a diameter of a circle and C is*any aint on the circle. Show that the area oi SABC is maximum, when it is isosceles. If length of three sides of a trapezium other han base are equal to 10cm, then find the area oP the trapezium when it is maximum, Find a point on the curve y’ = 2x which is at a minimum distance from the point (1, 4). *Find a point on the curve y* = 4x which is nearest to the point (2, ~ 8). Find the shortest distance of the point (Q, c) from the parabolay=x", where 0 < C5. *A Manufacturer can sell x items at a price of rupees ‘Rs.(5—355) each. The cost price of x items is (E + 500. Find the number of items he should sell to earn maximum profit. Let AP and BQ be two vertical poles at points A and B, respectively. If AP = 16 m, BQ = 22 m and AB = 20 m, then find the distance of a point R on AB from the point A such that RP? +RQ is minimum. . Two poles of heights 16m and 22m stand vertically on the ground 20m apart. Find a point on the ground, in between the poles, such that the sum of the squares of the distances of this point from the tops of the poles is minimum. *Find the point on the curve = =; , where the ‘tangent to the curve has the greatest slope. |. The sum of surface areas of a sphere and a cuboid with sides x/3, x and 2x is constant. . +A point on the hypotenuse of a triangle is at distance a and bfrom the sides of the triangle. Show that the maximum length of the hypotenuse is (ab + Bi Find the minimum value of (ax + by), where 2 xy=c, ind the coordinates of the parabola 2 + Tx +2 which is closest to the straight y line y= 2x-3. . Of all the closed right circular cylindrical cans of volume 128xcm”, find the dimensions of the can which has minimum surface area. INCREASING AND DECREASING FUNCTIONS Find the intervals in which the following function is (a) increasing (b) decreasing: ce *f(x) = 2x? - 3x4 36x +7 d. fx) =(x+ 1-3)"(x) = x? ~ 4 6 strictly (ji increasing (ii) “-00sx 0 $x 52x decreasing. 1° -29" r f. *f(x) = sinx + ensx , 0 $x < 2m is (a) strictly 3x? + dx, x eR is strictly increasing increasing (b) strictly decreasing : 2. Find the intervals in which the following function f(x) = 20 —%x + 6x? — x? is (a) strictly increasing (b) strictly decreasi 3. Find the intervals in which the follo increasing (b) strictly decreasing. |. *Find the intervals in which the following function f(x) = x° += is (a) increasing (b) decreasing, - 3x +2x +11 is @) strictly ..*Show that y=log (1 +x) 2%, x>— 1 is an increasing function of x, throughout its domain, 4 5, 7 esis PES nlo® § Prove that y = Git; ~ @ is an increasing function in [0,5] |. ***Find the value of ‘x? for which f(x) = [x(x - 2)} is an increasing fimction. Also, find the points on the curve, where the tangent is parallel to x —axis 8. Show that the function f(x) = x’ ~ 3x" + 6x — 100 is increasing on’R. 9. Show that the function f(x) = 4x’ — 18x? + 27x —7 is always increasing on R. 10. Show that the function f given by f(x) = tan"(sin x + cos x) is decreasing for all x in in Ea APPROXIMATION i 1. Using differentials, find the approximate value of] 3. -If fx) = 3x + 15x + 5, then find the apptoximate ‘VIBE Gi) * ‘iiy* (823 £3.02), using differentials. (@*VF95 (ii) *VO037 (iliy* (82)* « nal of 3 A 2. *If the radius of a sphere is measured as 9 cm|4 “If fix) = 4x’ + Sx + 2, then find the with an error 0.03 cm, then find approximate| @PPFoximate value of f(2.01), using differentials. error in calculating its surface area. INDEFINTE INTEGRALS ° INTEGRATION BY INSPECTION [by using standard forma ; L pth atts | patos 4 25. feos?xdx at » ae eS pees 6, finds oe 18. f Fore 21. f sintxdz 3: 19. [ee 28. *f cos*xdxe 4, Ca 29. Stantxdx | gee 20. S segs 30. f sin3xcosdedx 5. * fay 4 @ ot 6. +p ae 31. Sargeras | I San 32. fae | 1. 8S ete 23,5 See ' 8, +2 fax 16, pee as 24, J sin72(cosx) dx 33. * f sinxsin2xsin3xdx °N38.*7 sece(secx + tanx)de 34. f cos2xcostxcoséxdx 36.*f cosecx(cosecx + cotx)dx INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION|. *S@x+ bP dz 1g, fens gy 122. f sintxcosty.de +2. * f(ax+ bax 4 hacen 123. f sinx.sin(cosx). 3. [G2 - Dix ax “Say |e. + pep at 4. Szqdxx>0 16. Fae |2s. 9) sax ace ae Z a tan? 2 26. fofax 6. Javentex 17. f tan’ * eae Sete peas 27.09 5 Sa) aye wea ee 13. ae Bier tan": coneea) 8. +f Bax sin 19. *f sec? — anda 28. Ioan a pstnt 20, (2x — 3)d3 9% *SEEE ae J 21 ps pe Integration by using [ [2 dx = log (F()) 1 Sie 7. +p Soe 13. aaa 20. fz {2% Spade 8. Seer 14. See 21S ramet | 3, af EM a 9. +f tax 15s oremete 22S ex x sinx. sinx~cosx 2 4. Sa 10. far 16. f Sar dx 23. Sera * S sectx tanxsec?x 5. “Sra 1.8 fed 17. fee dx 24. I seeeex 6. *f Sar Oe 18. J eeeedxD2M) 25, xj Seal -2103 gy Integration by using J[/(z))""(x) dx = LO L. [xVEF BP ae 8, st ay xt 17. J cotzlogsinx dx 2. Saemeax aes tan“* 18. { Vsin2x cos2xdx 3 fae 9 Spee 19. cos6xV EF stGE | tae 1. ode 4. fa 2o, j Seen ay eo Sa asin 1g sp Gta ae Hd Freon 6, [EEE de 2. Satine axtanH(4) pears jemi, 1S. JBM ar | + Sear * 16. f tan*2x, sec2x.dx | Some special Integrals: | ic 1. fqeeex = log|x + VFA] 4c | 2s log|x + Vea] +e ‘ | 3. a = dx sf Ta a Far becar 26: I sreaaaer Toa . 27. pebeydx ‘ 28. f Jen . 5 t ‘“ J. 5Se Reka . west Ue a eee is fice = Pham LS igaae32. fzdegae 33. fear epee Snap 5). *S Femara 34. Tages x 52. caaeeaae$ 35. See 53, f moti 36. Sea 31. foo +f SaaS ie 3. *S eae Integrals of the form: (a) Se ©) [ae Use: px +4 = AZ (ax? + bx +c) +B; find A and B by equating corresponding co ~ efficient. 1 Sara US yeeeeeeg dx 16. fag 2. Large 12. *f peetinn de 3. “Sia 13. *f eee be 4 14. fax 5. ans aa Special Integrals of the form. 1. fede = tev -Ftog|x + VF @| + 2. [NEF Eds =P FE +E logle tT +c 3. [Naa Far = Lava +E sin! (Ate | I 1. fvx?=4dx 5. *fV4-x?ax 8. fV2x?43x+4dx | 12. f¥x?-2xdx 2. [Ve —Sax 6. fvi6— 25x? ax 9. fNxt@=Bx47dx | 13. fV2x—xFdx 3. fvxt #25 dx 1 sfisBer 10. f Vx? 4x —Sdx 14. f V3 2x —x? dx 4. [VIF | * 11. f Vz 43x dx 15. fVTF 3x3? de Integrals of the form: f(px + q)Vax? + bx Fe dx ; Use: px +q= A“. (ax? + bx +c) +B; find A and B by equating corresponding co ~ efficient, 1. fxVDFRD Rae 4. @+3VFSae ae dx 7. [Qx- SWF Fax FS ax 2. *fxve Fa dx 5. J@-3)\V3—ax— xt dx 3. S@e+I Woe? FE ax 6. SQ@x+ 3)VxP + 4x tS dx INTEGRATION By PARTS 1. Sxe™dx 11. f x(logx)?dx | ie | 2. Sxrerde 12, fxlog(x+ t)dx | 20.log( {2)dx 3. fxterde 13. *f xsin*xdx . 4, fe%sin@xti)dx | 14. fxcosmxdx 21. f sin™*x dx 5, fxsinx dx 15. f xtan“*x dx 22. Sean™*x dx 6. f xcosxdx 16. *fx2cos“*x dx 23. *f(sin“*x}? dx A 7. Sxsectxdx 17. *f?tan™ x dx 24. *f dx 30. | caceepet 8. *fsectxdx 18. *fx?cot*xdx 25.4f sinctx gy ' 9. fxlogxdx 19. flogxdx mw | 10. *f xBlogzdx USING e* [f(x) + f'@ldx = e* F(x). 1 7. fe*(cosectx ~ cotz)dx . * feX(tanx + 1 to dx 2. fer (conte sds B * Sex (t ae Dseex S ant eF dx = e* f(x) Ba fe [eecly +, then find f(x). 4. Sf e*(sinx + cosx)dx xe * a 10. f 2a 15.*s owl 5. f e*(tanx + logsecx)dx Sar J lege Toaxy ] : 6. f eX(cotx + logsinx)dx 16. f [loattoas) + aepap otsi) eX dvr] 7S SSeoe) © 18. ae Sit) ed fetsinoxtodr= ay [erteostors ax = |. feksinxdx fe%sinxdx 3. fetsin3xdx Ls, wags J Geta)fe+2) ad 4 Sodgax 5. Sune lap & Veneaas* 2 shear + Saag dx wr Saiean® Bs 15. meres * 16. 4 Gaede gy 17. 18. Seem 19,( P20) Raya 19. GRE oar “ser (Ea LS OF THE FORM: +e 28) ae 2s ost e¥sin(bx + cddxsf e% cos (bx + cde 4, fe™*cosxdx 7. 5. fersin(Sx + Idx 6. fercos (3x + 4)dx 8. BY PARTIAL FRACTIONS TYPE ~I: When he denominator is ou asa product of distinet linear factors: op trons 3. "I rascoms Fitts) sae Secogizvasing Sete dx 4+sin 5 = 4cos a tare 20,6 12+ UC 12 +3)dx] [Put x? =] 21.* x ( 2+1)( [2+2)dx] 2x (loge +) ex lasin (bx +c) ~ beos(bx + c)) +e [acos(bx + ¢) + bsin(bx + )] +e feos (logx)dx ore” .c0s ("Jax J 24. "aC Tar eae o — 25. °C saa f x i 26.20 asaya 9 °. Saaean es [Multiply Nr. And Dr. by 10.* = dx J 34x xt] a sae C IDC (Dax 1S easagameoas Fees 2 ener S Een ~II: When the denominator contains some repeating linear factors. sect eae 27S aepe 31 ean Serres 28. eae 30.*f eee dx TYPE - Ill: When the preoanie contains irreducible quadratic factors: Sagem | 38a BV | 405 iene ee 3S ape 36.*f; a i 34, Joa aaah 39. Jonas ST Seeaaeey® | Ifa rational function contains only even powers of x in both numerator and denominator, then o.xesolve it into partial fractions, we into partial fractions and re © x 1, © RADE le+2)dx a J x a G B+DC [e+ aax x x ( 244) [2494 di aaae x x ( [24 4)C. [2+28): (Ge) f put x=y in the given rational function, resolve the rational function so obtained lace y by x2. a0 x x ( 244)( [24+3)dx ra (2 4a)(<242) eh aera 6. "SC aeaae i;ay 12 +b?) € B+} +> vepectategral of forms 2% ii than or equal to 2. Method: Divide the numerator by the denominator and express the integrand as Q(x) + 22, fel, where R(x) is a linear function of x.f —PO— ax = [ Q(x)dx + { I= JS(a- Df (e)dx> 1= SFOs = fo fla ~ ddx cd on [a,b], then b fo 4.* ff logcosxdx 2 Sed 5. *fFlogtanxdx 22.*f, 109 (*) ax 16. *fFog (1+ tanx)dx |23 Gjlog (S38 dx 17. * Blog (1+ sinx)dx 18, fElog (1+ cosx)dx 19. -S ae 20, *f2 Gt a 7. *Evaluate : {3 2sinx. cosztan"*(sinx)dx 8. “8.1.93 pated = Slog( 2+) [29. P-T. {3 logsinx. dx ~ [3 logcosx.dx ~ Flog? 0. f#sin2xtan“"(sinz) dx removal of, = fx). Then, wehavey f@)dx = fSxf@dx F@)dx-1 fae dle d= la af as aly 1 gntere |t dee | URE 10.5 eee de 2 hades, ea. eee | re 3. Tame 6. "We sear 9. Sy seerseans Property - If f(x) is a continuous function defined on [-a, a}, then fQedx = f $e Fax, iff @isanevenfunction Giff @isaneddfunction Se 5. fi, sin'xcos*xdx 9. *Show [Hine ; é that :Rationalise) sAsintxdx 7. {2.x cos*xdx 8. (Sesin?xdx Property - If f(x) is a continuous funetion defined on \ 2S £@)dx, if f2a — 2) = FQ) 0,if (2a — 2) = -f(@) 2a 4 fa) = f {0, 2a}, then ase dx 1. S%(cosax —sinbx)? dx Tet Definite integral as the limit of.a sum Evaluate as limit of a sum 1. {f@?-xax | 2 Roars | 3: Ber +sydx Sx)dxZ IONS OF INTEGRATIO? 4 fpGx? 42x 415 eae ( [Bx + 7x --5)dx of + 1)de 7 5. §2Gx? - 5)dx OS ie OS o fet 6 fle? ~2e + 2a aa eo 7. fletax 10, [28a 12.6 eee — 8. [etx S ind the area of the region bounded by 1. y= 3x2, the x-axis and the ordinates x = — Tandx=1 . \ 2. tye 4x, x= 1, x = 4 andthe x-axis in the \ first quadrant. y= 4 and the pais in the 3. x =9y, y= firstquadrant. 4. Sketch the graph lying in first quadrant and boule! by y=9x", x=0, y=I, and y= 4, 5. yP=idax bounded by its lets rectum. 6 ie 4 and the parabola y"=16x. 7. x=y+2=0 and x = Wy and y ~ axis. 8. the line x + y=2 9. the line y = x — 2. -2. mx. Psy 15} ty=x? ang x ¥% 33. *{(x, y): ¥ ? $ 6ax and x? ty P< 16a" 34. °((u9): y? 2 Oxand x2 Fy" S16) 35.11 wy 2 (4+ 97)G + logx)dx + xdy = 0 } 40 ny) *& = yeanz, givea that y =| when x=. k) te@? DZ 1) *xySt= (e+ 2)( +2), passes through (1,—1). m) *Zettxtytxy, y= Owhenx 1, “ #2 = log (+1) a $y =O when x= 2. + ert 4 eFx2, arahinarsty POT(MC!iit a) Mm tgat yt aty? y=] wher =O 1) 3° any.dy + (1 -e*)se given fn 0) *YTF Ty Ex ty p) *@4tte rye @) tem yee +2 dy =0,x=0,y= 1 HOMOGENEOUS EQUATIONS that. =2, when x s) *xG +y?)dx- y(1 +x?)dy = 0, x=0, ) *loy (2) = 3x + 4y, given v= 0 when x = 0. =1 Sax a 0) x22 = y? + 2xy, given y= 1 when x= 1. aa ix iE i ay YD py = b) B= yal when x =0. P) = ayy ify = 1, when x= 1, ©) =») B= (« +2y), given y= 0 when x q) *x2=y-xtan(@%)=0 @) *(Qx2 + xy)dy = (2? + Pax. n xB-y+xsin?)=0,x=2,y=n. 2) tIxyetey? s) *2—2 + cosec(Z) =03;y= 0 whenx=1. ) sani Day + ¥ 50% =e 0) *2—y 4 xcosee (2) = 0; y =0 when x *axydx + (x? + 2y?)dy = 0, = ig ode= sae vy 05 2) = yes (8) +x i) G8 ty dy —x2ydx = i) x2dy + Gy + y®)dx = 0; y= 1 when K) *@xy + y?)dx + (x? + xy)dy = 0; x=1, y=1 1) @—y?)dx + 2xydy =0; given y =1, x m) *xZ=y vinx? n) *xdy—ydx = (x? + y?dx 2) *Shpw that: (2) dy - 2xdy = 0., is homogeneous and solve it. aa) *Show that the differential equation: [xsin? (2) — y] dx. +xdy solution of this differential equation, given that ¥) xylog (2) ax + (* = x*log @) dy=0 w) [y~xc0s(2)] ay + [pcos (2) - 2xsin(2)] ax = 0 2) yerlvde = (xed +¥*) ay, (#0) W (seas ysin ~ (ysin® - xcos®) x% =0 y~ (sing Dae homogeneous. Find the particular = when x bb) *Show that the differential equation: 2ye”¥dx + (y — 2x07) dy = 0 is homogeneous. Find the particular solution of this differential equation, given that when y= 1 c) *Show that the differential equation: x®. sin (2) + x — ysin (2) = dis homogeneous. Find the particular ae Sy, solution of this differential equation, given that x= 1 when y aa) 8.1. (xe + ») dx = xdyis homogeneous. Find the Particular solution given that y= 1 when x= 1. ee) Show that x? ~ y =c(x? + y”)* is the general solution of the differential equation (x? - 3xy?)dx =(y? - 3x’y)dy, where c is parameter. LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS a) Vety=e-™F WriteLF. i) 2ry.cotx = 2x +32,:y(0) = 0 e 1) loge 4+ y = 2logx, write LF. ) S++ pipe ad0_2 (23) 9 *B-Ea (He ym + y = cosx— sinx m) 24 secx.y =tanx,(0 0, when x U) G+y?) + 2xy -coty) $ eM | y ax om EE als nn) *$ + xcoty = 2y + y?coty, (y # 0), x=0,y= = 00) *(x— sin y)dy + (tany)dx = 0; y =0 when x= 0 pp)" +3x7) B= x qq) *(tan-4y — x) a3 1 + y?)deix = O.wihien yO mt) (tan™x— y)dx = (1+ x?)dy; : ss) tain“? (@) =x by i tt) dy =cosx (2- y cosee x) dx, given that =2 when x =. =0 ay ,x # 0. Find LF. and Solu. VECTOR ALGEBRA B ian byweser1. #Ifa=>: + 2jJ—zk and b=3)— i + kare two equal ves, then write the vale of x + y * 7, + 2, # #Write the unit vector in the direction of « = 21-6, - 3k 3, #Write che unit vector in the direction of a = 31-2) 6K, 4, * Write a unit vector in the direction of the sum of veotss a= 2i~j +2k and b= -i+j +3k 5. *IfG=6+ 2p—3hand B = 2t-+ af +98, find a unit vecior parallel to & +b, 6. *Ifa=i+2j—k, b=3i+j—5k, find-a unit vector in the direction of - B. 1 8. 9. For what value of ‘p’, is (t+ 7° fp is a unit vector? . *Find a vector in the direction of d = ¢ - 2f whose magnitude is 7. 1. Write a vector of magnitude of 15 units in the direction of vector i - 2j + 2k. 10. *Weite a vector of magnitude of 9 units in the direction of vector:~2it j + 2k. 1. #Ifa = itj+k, b=4i-2j+3k and c = i-2j +k, find the vector of magnitude. 6 units which is parallel to the vector 2a— b' + 3c. 12. Find a vector a of magnitude 5V2, making an angle of 5 with x — axis, > with y — axis and an acute angle 0 with 2 ~ axis. 13, *Find the projection of a =i—j on the vector b =i +. 14, *Find the projection of a =7i + j - 4k on b =2i +6) + 3k. 15, *Write the projection of vector 2i + 3} —K along the vector i +j. 16, *Ifa=7i +} —4k and b = 2i + 6] +3 k, find the projection of a and b 17. *Find the projection donb ifa .6 =8 andb= 2i+6j+3. 18. *Find 4 wher the projection of a= 2i+j + 4k on b=2i + 6j + 3k is 4 units. 19, Write the angle beoween axb and bxa. 20. *Find the angle between the vectors a=i-j+kand b=i+j— k 21. *Find the angle between x — axis‘and the vector i +j +k. 2. ‘the cosine of the angle which the vector V2 i + j-+k makes with Y—axis. 23. “Ifa unit vector a makes angles ? with i, with j and an acute angle 6 with k, then find 8. 24. *If al =V3, |b| = 2anda.b = 3, find the angle between a and b. 25. *What is the angle between vectors @ and with magnitudes 2 andV3respectively, if'a 26. *Find angle betweend and 5 with magnitudes 1 and 2 respectively and whenaxé v V3. 27. *If|al = 8, [b| = 3 and [a x b| = 12, find the angle between a and b, 28. #Vectors a and b are such that fal = V3, [bJ=2, and axb is unit vector. Write angle between aand b. 29. *Ifa and b aré two vectors such that a.b = axb, then what is the angle between a and b. 30. If'a and b are unit vectors, then what is the angle between a and b for a—2b to be a unit vector? 31. *If |a| = 3, |b| = 2and angle between @ and b is 60°, find 4.5. 32. If |a|= 13, |b] = 5 and angle between a and b is 60°, then find Jaxb 33. **For what value of 2 are the vectors a= 2i+Aj +k and b = i—2j +3k perpendicular to each other. 34. "If'q= Si-j + 7k, b =i—j—Ak,'find % such that a+b and a — bare orthogonal. 35. #If and b are perpendicular veetors, ja + b| = 13 and [al = 5, find the value of [bl. 36: If a+ b| = 60, Ja—b| = 40 and [al =22, then find [b}. 37. *Find the value of ‘p’ for which the vectors 3i + 2} + 9k and i 38. *Find the value of p, if (2i + 6)+27k) x (i+3)+pk) = 39. *Find), if (2i+6)+ 14k) x (i-Aj + 7k) = 0. 40. *Find a(b xc), ifa=2i+j+3k,b=-i+2j+kando=3i+j+2k 41. *Ifp is a unit vector and(x — p).( x + p) = 80, find the value of 9°. 42. *Find [x if for a unit vector a, (x ~a).(x+a)= 15. 43. *Write the value of () (ix j).k+ij Gi) Gog).k+ Gxk)i 44. * write the value of i. xk) +j.(kxi) +k@x)). 45, *Pind the area of the parallelogram determined by the vectors 2i and 3), i Saar eyes 2pj + 3k are parallel. aTiwiAlr™ Bak etn BS46. Find the area « "the parallelogram dete*=iined by the veetorsi + 2j + 3k and 3i~2j 4 47.*8.7. the area wl the parallelogram having diagonals 3¢-+f— 2 and t— 3¢-+ 4R is Sv/2 squunits, 48. Write the position vector of the mid-point of the vector joining the points P(2, 3, 4) and Q(4, 1, +2). 49. *Find the position vector of a point R which divides the line joining two points P and Q whose position vectors are (3a ~2b) and (a+ 5) respectively , externally in the ratio 2: 1. 50. Find the position vector of a point which divides the join of points with position vectors a — *» and * 2a + b externally in the ratio 2:1 51. The two vectors j + k and 3i—j + 4k represent the two sides AB and AC, respectively erase. Find the length of the median through A. 52. *For what value of ‘a’ the vectors2t~ 3f-+ 4 andat + 6f— 8k are collinear? 53. If the points with position vectors 10i + 3), 12-5} and 2 + 11j are collinear, find the value of 2. 54. *If.a.a, = 0 and a.b = 0, then what can be concluded about the vector b? 55. Given that a.b = 0 and ax b = 0. What can you conclude about the vectors a and b? 56. If a and b are unit vectors, then what is the angle between a and b if'a - V2 b is a unit vector? 57. If vectors a and b are such that , lal = ¥, b| = 1/3, jaxb| = 2/5, find ja.b}. 98. [f(a xb)? + (ab)’ = 225, and [al = 5, then write the value of jo. 4 MARK QUESTIONS 59. The position vectors of points A, B and C are hi + 3), 121 +pj and 11i — 3j respectively. If C divides the line segment joining A and B in the ration 3:1, find the values of 2 and . 60. *Find the angle between the vectors 2+ 5 and a-5, if =2t—p+3Randb=3t+f=2k. | 61. If the vertices A, B, C of a AABC have position vectors (1, 2, 3), (~ 1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 2) repectely, what is the magnitude of ZABC. 62. *t4 $4 R, 2t+ Sf, 3+ 2f—3R and t'— 6f—& are position vectors of the points A, B,C and’ d find the angle between AB and CD. Deduce that AB and CD are collinear. 63. *If'a=i +2) —3k, b= 3i —j +2k, show that (a+ b) is perpendicular to (a ~b). 64. *If'a=i—j + 7k and b= Si—j + Ak, then find the value of 2, So that a + b and a—b are perpendicular. 65. *If p= Si + j — 3k and q=i + 3] —5k, then find A, so that p + q and p—q are perpendicular. 66. *If' and b are two vectors such that la + b|= |al, then prove that 2a + b is perpendicular to vector b. 67. *If vectors a= 2i + 2j + 3k, b=—i+2j +k and c = 3i + are such that a + Ab is perpendicular to c, then find the value of . 68. Using vectors, show that the points A(- 2, 3, 5), BCT, 0,~ 1), C(~3, ~2, -5) and DG, 4, 7) are such that AB and CD intersect at the point P(1, 2, 3). 69. If the sum of two unit vectors a and b is a unit vector, show that magnitude of their difference is we 70. Find a unit vector perpendicular to a= i—2j—k and b =i~2j +3k. 71. *Find a unit vector perpendicular to each of the vectorsa +5 anda -B, whered = 3t+ 2p+ 38 aidb = ta 2p— 2. 72. *Let a= i+ 4j +2k, b= 3i— 2j + 7k and c= 2i—j + 4k. Find a vector p which is perpendicular to both vectors a and b and p.c= 18. 73. **#Let a=4i+ S5j- = 4) + 5k and q=3i+j—k. Find a vector p which is perpendicular to both aandb and satisfying p.q = 21. 74. *Leta=i-j,b=3j-k and satisfying c.d=1. 75. *Ifa, b ¢ are three vectors such that |al = 5, [bj = 12 and |c| = 13, and a +b + ¢ = 0, find the value of abtbotca. 76. If @ ,B and @are three vectors such thata +b += 0 and [a] ofab+bctea. 77. Tf, b and c are three vectors such that a+b + c= 0 and ja| = 1, [b| = 4 and |c| = 2, finda.b + b.c + c.a. h- Find vector d which is perpendicular to both a and b and , [bt = 5 and |c| = 132, find the value78. If a. b and ¢ are three vect. «+ of magnitudes 3,4 i. 5 respectively and c the sum of the other two vec tors, find a + b + ¢, 79.*If a, b and © are three muwally perpendicular vectors of equal magnite equally inclined to a, b and ¢. Also, find the angle. 80.*If «, b, and c are three nutually perpendicular v ctors of equal magnitude , prove that the angle which (a+ b+) makes with any of the vectors a, b, ore is cos” (J). 81. Ifa, b, and c are three mutually perpendicular vectors of equal magnitude , find the angle which the vector (2a+ b+ 2c) makes with the vectors a, b and c ‘i 82. “Ifa +5 + 2 =0 and |a| |B v5 and |Z] =7, show that the angle between a and 5 is 60°. 83. hd = t+ f+ Rand 5 ch one is perpendicular to , show thata +b + < is ~ B, find a vector é such that dx €= Band a. @=3. 84, “Find the projection of 5 + cond, where @ = 2t— 2+ R, b= t+ 2p—28 and é tf + AP, i ~ 2j + 5k as sum of two vectors such that one is parallel to the vector b = 3i + kand the other is perpendicular to b. 86, “If'a = 3i—j and B= 2i + j — 3k, express f in the form B = By + Br, where By is parallel to a and By perpendicular to a. 87. * Ifa=3i+ 4j + 5k and p= 2i + j — 4k, express B in the form B = By + Ba, where By is parallel to a and Baperpendicular to a. 88. "Ifa = 2i —j — 2k and b = 7i + 2j = 3k, then express b in the form of b = b; + bz, where by is parallel to and by is perpendicular to a 89.°*Thé:dot product of a vector with vectorsi + j - 3k, i + 3) - 2k and 2i.+j + 4k, are respectively 0, 5 and 8. Find the vector. 90. The dot product of a vector with vectors 3i — Sk, 2i + 7j and i+j +k, are respectively ~1, 6 and 5. Find the vector. 91. **The scalar product of the vectora = i + j + k with a unit vector along the sum of the vectors b=2i+ 4j — Sk and c= Ai + 2j + 3k is equal to one. Find the value off. and hence find the unit vector along b +c. 92. #*The scalar product of the vector a= i+ 2) + 4k with the unit veotor along the sum of vectors b =i+2j 43k and c = Ait 4j -Sk is equal to one. Find the value of 2. and hence find the unit vector along b +c. 93.If two vectors a and B are such that |@| = 2, |b| = 1 andd.b=1, then find the value 3d — Sb) 24+ 7b), 85, *Express the vector a= 94, *Bind the position vector of a point R which divides the line joining two points P and Q whose position vectors are (2a +b) and (a — 3b) respectively , externaily in the ratio 1 : 2. Also show that P is the:point of the line segment RQ. 95.*Find a unit vector perpendicular to plane ABC, where A, B, C are the points (3, ~ 2, 1), (1,1, 3), G4 1) respectively. 96. *Find the unit vector perpendicular to the plane ABC where the position vectors of A, B and C are 2i-j+k, i+) + 2k and 2i + 3k respectively. 97. *Show that the vectors a = 3i—2j +k, b=i-3} + 5k and c=2i + j~4k forma right triangle. 98. *Show that the points A, B , C with position vectors 2i- j +k, i - 3j - 5k and 31 - 4j - 4k respectively, are the vertices of a right ~ angled triangle. Hence find the area of the triangle, 99, *Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are A(3, 1,1), B (2, 3, 5) and C(I, 1, 5). 100. *Using vectors, find the area of the A ABC with vertices A(1, 2, 3), B(2,— 1,4) and C(4, 5,~ 1). 101. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are A(3,-1, 2), B (11-3) and C(4, -3, 1). 102. Given that vectors a, b, ¢ form a triangle such that a= +e. Find p, qr, s such that area of triangle is 5V6 where a= pi + qj + rk, b=si'+ 3) +4k and c= 3i+j—2k. 103. bi the arca of a parallelogram ABCD whose side AB. and the diagonal AC are given by the ‘getors Bi+j + 4k and 4i + Sk respectively. of104, 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 1. 112. 113, 114, 115. 116. 117. 118, 119. 120. 121. 122. Ifa=2. j-k,b=4i-7+k. find vector such that axe=bandac=6, *Show .nat the four vectors A. B,C and 1 with position vectors 4i+ 5j +k. j -k . 31+ Oj + 4k and 4(- | + j +k) respectively are coplanar. *If-a, b. c are three non ~ zero veetors such that a,b = ac and a3 bre. *Ifaxb =cxd and axe=bxd,show that a—d_ is parallel tob~c, provided avdand by c. “Ifa = 3i-j + 2k, b=2i+j-—k andc =i -2j + 2k, then show that ax(bxe) + (axb)xc. Given that vectors a, b and c form a triangle such that a Find p,q.r,s such that area of triangle is 5V6 where a= pi +qj+rk, b=si+3j+4kande=3i+j—2k. Ifa=2i —3j + 4k, b =i + 2j— 3k and c = 3 + 4j —k, find [a’b c] or a(bxe) Find the volume of the parallelopipped whose edges are a = 2i—3j + 4k, b=i+2j—Kand en 2i-j+2k. s Show that the vectors a =—4i - 6j — ‘Show that the vectors d =i —2j + 3k, b=~2i + 3j 4k and’ =i +3} + ak are co-planarif2=5. If the vectors a= i +3} +k, kand c= Ai + 7j + 3k are coplanar, then find 2. ‘Show that the four points A, B, C and D with position vectors 4i + 5j +k,—(j +k), 31+ 9) + 4k and -4i + 4j + 4k, respectively are co-planar. Find the value of if the points A(+1, 4, 3), BG, 2, ~ 5), C(-3, 8,5) and D(-3, 2, 1) are coplanar. Find the value of 2, if four points with position vectors 31 + 6j + 9k, i +2) + 3k, 21+ 3) +kand 4i+ G+ Akare coplanar. i Let a=i+j+k,b=iandc=cii + cx + csk, then Let ¢ = 1 and ep = 2, find cy which makes a, b and ¢ coplanarif c2 = - 1 and es |. Show that no value of c; can make a,b and c coplanar. | Prove that(a+b b+e c+a] b= a xc, + 0, then show that 2fabc) i Prove that a.{(b +c) x (a+2b + 30)} = [abe). 2 Show that the vectors a, b and c are coplanar if'a +b, b +¢ and ¢ +a are coplanar. Ifthe vectors A= ai +j+k,B 1 i+bj+kand C=i+j+ckare co-planar, 1, where a, b, ¢# 1. i then teat itTHREE DIM: ‘SIONAL GEOME* XY 1. Wrige the distance of the point (3, ~ §, 12) fro x-axis. 2. Write the direetion cosines of x, y, abd z axis. 3» Fit the direction cosines of the line parallel «» z axis. * What are the direction cosines of a line, whicn makes equal angles with the eo ~ ordinate axcs? *If4 line has direction ratios 2,— 1, = 2, then what are the direction cosines? *IFP(A, 5, 4) and Q(4, 1, - 2), find the direction ratios of P@. *Find the direction cosines of thé line passing through the points (~2, 4, ~ 5) and (1, 2, 3). * Write the direction cosines of the vector: ~28 + f— 52. * Write the directions cosines of a line equally inclined to the three co — ordinate axes. a 2 find the direction ratios of the line parallel to AB. 12, *Write the equation of the straight line through the point (a, B, 7) and parallel to 2 ~ axis. 13, Show that the points (2, 3, 4), (- 1,2, 1), (6, 8, 7) are collinear.[Hint: Show that d.z’s are proportional 14. The x ~ coordinate of a point on the line joining the points PQ, 2, 1) and Q(S, 1, ~2) is 4. Find its 2 — coordinate. 15. If ailine makes angles 90° and 60° respectively with the positive directions of x and y axes, find the angle which it makes with the positive direction of z-axis. Equation of a line: Conversion from Cartesian to veetor and vector to Cartesian 16. *Finid the vector equation of a line ioe Cartesian equation is = 2? = $= 17. *If the Cartesian equations of a line are 5 = 2% = 25=¢ : write the vector equation for the line 18. *The Cartesian equations of a line are 6x ~ 2 = 3y + 1 = 2z~2. Find the direction cosines of the line. Write down the Cartesian and vector equations of a line passing through (2, ~ 1, ~1) which is parallel to the given line. 19. *Write the Cartesian equation of the line given in vector form: = (2i + j - 4k) + Mi-j-W. 20. Find the Cartesian equation of a line whose vector equationis: r= Si-4j + 6k +t(3i + 7j + 2k) ‘Equation of a line passing through the given point and parallel to the given line 21. Find the equation of a line parallel to x-axis and passing through the origi 2. Find the vector and the Cartesian equations of the line through the point (5, 2, ~ 4) and which is parallel to the vector 3i+ 2/- 8k. 23. Find the equation of the line in vector and in Cartesian form that passes through the point with position vector 2i—j +4 k and is in the direction + 2j —k 24. Find 'the vector equation of the line passing through the point A(1, 2, —1) and parallel to the line 125 =14— Ty = 352 25. *Write the Cartesian equation of a line which passes through the points (~ 2, 4, — 5) and is parallel to the Hine! 23 = $2 = #8 Spas Equation of a line passing through given two points 26. Find the vector and Cartesian equation for the line passing through the points (~1, 0, 2) and (3, 4, 6). 21. Find the vector and the Cartesian equations of the lines that passes through the origin and (5, ~2, 3). 28, *Fing the vector equation and Cartesian equation of the line passing through the points P (0, 1, -2) and QG1,-1,-3). Also, prove that it passes through the point R whose position vector is (~3i~ 5} 5k). Angle between two given lines|perpendicularity/parallel conditions 29. *Find the angle between the lines “#22 = 223 = #3 and S22 = and check whether the lines are parallel or perpendicular. 30.Fi zgesle ‘between pair of lines'given by r = 3i+ 2j- 4k+ A(i+ 2j + 2k) andr= Si-2j + wi + 2/ + 64). 31. eee ‘eoordinates of the points A, B, C, D be (1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 7), 4, 3, — 6) and (2, 9, 2) respectively, {find the angle between the lines AB and CD. 32: Hay that the line through the points (1, — 1, 2), (3, 4, — 2) is perpendicular to the line through the points (0,3, 2) and (3, 5, 6) ae33. Show at the line joining th: origin to the point (2. . 1) is perpendicular + he line determined by the poime «3, 5,~1). (4, 3,~1), 34, Show hat the line through the points (4. 7. 8), (2, 3. +) is parallel to'the line ‘rough the points ( 1, (1.2, 5). 39. *Find the value of A so that she following lines are serpendicular to each «her Dir ys _&s ame are is i 36. *Find the value of ‘p’ so that the lines!):2— St a a = 15 = Slave perpencicular to each other. Also, find the equations of line passing through the point (3, 2, ~4) and parallel to line ly 38. *Find the shortest distance between the lines eS = FPand SAE = BE = tt : 39. *Find the shortest distance between the lines ahd hence write whether the lines are intersecting or not. EL Ly ang 40. "Show that the lines © 41, *show that the lines * of intersection. . Show that the lines “es 44, *Show that the lines r = 3i + 2j ~ 4k + AG + 2j + 2k) and r= Si—2j + w(3i + 2j + 6k) are intersecting. Henee, find their point of intersection, rs 45. *Find the shortest distance between the two lines whose vector equations are f= (Gi + 2j + 2k) + AG —2j + 2k) and r= 4i-k) + 131-2} 210. 46.*Find the shortest distance between the lines r = i + 2j + 3k + AQI + 3) + 9 and 2+ 4j + 5k +p Gi+4j + 5k). “Find the shortest distance between the. following pair of lihes r = (1+ 2)i + (2— Aj +0 + ps and r= Qi-j-K) +n Qitj +20. 48.*Find the shortest distance between the lines r = (I~ thi + (t - 2)) + @ - 2k and r= (s+ Dit 2s—1j- (s+ 1k. 49, Find the value of ‘a’ so that the lines are skew: #3 = 23? = Stang*=* = + Equation of a line passing through the given point and perpendicular to two given lines 50.*Find the vector and Cartesian equations of the line passing through the points @, 1, 3) and perpendicular to the lines 2" = 22 = and = =2=2, 51. *Find the veetor and Catesian equations of the line passing through the points (1, 2, perpendicular to the Hines 232 = 244? = 238 and "5 = 22? = ES 52, *Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point (1,2,~4) and perpendicular to the two Hines r = 81-19) + 10k +A(3i ~16) +7k)and r= 151+ 29 +5k +y(3i+8)—5K). 53. **A line passes through (2,~ 1, 3) and perpendicular to thelines r = 1+} —K) +A@i~ 2) +K)and r= 47. 4) and (2i—j—3k) + G +2j + 2k), Obtain its equation in vector and Cartesian form. Foot of the perpendicular and Image of a point on the line 54, *Find length and foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2,'— 1, 5) to the line==2* 55, Find the foot of the perpendicular from the point (0, 2, 7) on the line =“ 56, *Find the equation of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2, 4, 2h) to the linet = find the foot of the perpendicular. 57. Find the equation of the perpendicular drawn from the point (3, 1, 11) to the line find the foot of the perpendicular.58. *Find the equatios. of the line passing through the point P (1, 6, 3, and perpendicular to +. line® Aso, find the perpendicular distance of the given line from the point P. 59. Find the coordinates of the foot of perpendicular drawn from the point (2, 3,-8) to ts line 60. “Find the coordinates ofthe foot of perpendicular drawn from P(1, 8,4) on the line joiiing R(O, ~1,3) and S(2,~3,-1). 61. *Find the perpendicular distance of the point (1, 0, 0) from the line=2 = 2 z0 62, Find the image of the point (1, 6, 3) in the line: = = 25? = =, 3. *Find the point on the line ae woe hs dickies 3y2 from the point (1, 2, 3). wv 64, *Find the point on the line = ata distance of 5 units from the point P (1, 3, 3). PLANE 1, Write the vector equation of the plane: 3x —4y +22~8=0. 2. Write the Cartesian equation of the plane: r. (2i~j + 5k)=7 3. Find the vector equation of the plane which is at a distance of fron the origin is 21-3 j + 4k. Also find its Cartesian form. 4, Find the vector equation of a plane which is at a distance of 7 units from the origin and normal to the vector 3i+ 5j— 5. Find the vector equation of a plane which is at a is 21-3) + 6k. 6. Find the direction cosines of the unit vector perpendicular to the plane r.(6i-3/ ~2 K) + 1 = 0 passing through the origin. 7. Determine the direction cosines of the normal to the plane 2x +3y ~z = Sand the distance from origin, *Determine the direction cosines of the normal to the plane 3x + 4y + 122= 5. Plane Equation: Passing through given point and perpendicular to the given line (d.r's/d.e’s given) 9. *Find the vector and Cartesian equation of the plane passing through the point (1, 2, 3) and perpendicular to the line with ditection cosines 2, 3, ~4. 10. Fad ‘the vector and Cartesian equations of the plane which passes through the point (5, 2,~ 4) and Jendicular to the line with direction ratios 2, 3, — 11.Find the vector and Cartesian equation of the plane that passes through the point (1, 0, 2) and the normhal to the plane is i+j—K. 12. If O be the origin and the coordinates of P be (1, 2, ~ 3), then find the equation of the plane passing through P and perpendicular to OP. ~ Piane Equation: Intercept form 13, * Write the intercept cut off by the line 2x + y—z=5 on x-axis, 14, Find the equation of the plane with intercepts 2, 3 and 4 on the x, y and z -axis respectively. 15. Find the equation of the plane with intercept 3 on the y-axis and parallel to ZOX plane. 16. A variable plane which remains at a constant distance 3p from the origin cuts the co-ordinate axes at A, B,C. Show that the locus of the centroid of tangle ABC is 5+5+2 =. Equation of the Plane when three points on it are given 17. *Find the equation of the plane passing through the points (0,1, -1), (4, 5, 1) and G, 9, 4). 18. Fit djtheequation of the plane passing through the points (2, 5,~3), 2, -3, 5) and (5, 3, -3). 19. *Find |the equation of the plane determine by the points AG,-1,2) B (5,2.4) and C(-I,-1,6). Also find the distance of the point P(, 5, 9) from the plane. COPLANARITY OF FOUR POINTS 20. Show that: the points (0, —1, -1)-C-4, 4, 4) (4, 5, 1) and (3, 9, 4) are coplanar. Also;find the plane. 21. Find|the equation of the plane passing through the points A(3,2, 1) , B(4, 2, - 2) and C(6, 5, - 1) and ‘ fiom the origin and its normal vector stance of 5 units from the origin and its normal vector hence find the value of for which AG, 2, 1), B(4, 2, -2), C(6, 5,- 1) and D(A, 5, 5) are coplanar. 22. Show that the points A, B, C and D with the position vectors 4i + 5j+k,-(j+k), 31 +9} + 4k and 4Ci+§j +k) respectively are coplanar also find the equation of the plane. Angle between the two planes23. Find the angle between the planes x + y +2z=0 nd 2x ~y +2= 15. 24. Find the angle between the two planes 3x — Gy +, °> 7 and 2x + 2y— 22 25. Find the angle between the two planes 2x + y—2/~ 5 and 3x ~ 6 ~22= 7 using vector method. Plane Equation: Passing through one give: point and perpendicular to the two given lines 26. *Find the cquation of a plane through the poini (-1, -1, 2) and perpendicular to each of the planes 2x + 3y—32=2 and Sx-4y+2=6 : 27. *Find the equation of a plane through the point (-1,3, 2) and perpendicular to each of the planes x+2y 4255 and 3x+3y+z=0. Plane Equation: Passing through two given points and perpendicular to the given plane 28. *Find the equation of the plane passing through the points (1, -1, 2) and (2, ~2, 2) and which is perpendicular to the plane 6x - 2y + 2z = 9. ‘ 29. *Find the equation of the plane passing through the points (2, 1, -1) and (-1, 3, 4) and perpendicular to the plane x ~ 2y + 4z = 10. Also, show that the plane thus obtained contains the line r= (-i +3} + 4k) + Gi -2) - 5k). Plane Equation: Passing through two given points and parallel to the given line 30. *Find the Cartesian equation of the plane passing through the points A (0,0, 0), B (3,~1, 2) and parallel 31. *Find the equation of the plane passing through the pointsA(I, 2, 3) and B(O, — 1, 0) and parallel to the line $33 = 23? = 2 1 Plane Equation: passing through a given point and parallel to two given lines (or) vestbr's 32, *Find the equation of a plane through the point (-1, 3, ~2) and parallel to the lines® = 2= = 'dng=#2 1 - Plane Equation through the intersection of the two given planes and one point. 33. Find the equation of the plane through the intersection of the planes 3x~y + 2z-4=Oandx +y +z-2 and the point (2, 2,1). 34. **Find the vector equation of the plane passing through the interseetion of the planes r. (r+j +) = 6 and 1.Qi+ 37+ 4k) =—S, and the point (1, 1, 1) 35. Find the vector equation and Cartesian equation of the plane passing through the intersection of the planes r. (2i—7j + 4k) +3 =0 and r. Gi—5j + 4k) + 11 = 0 and passing through the point (~2, 1,3 ), 36. Find the equation of the plane through the point (4, - 3, 2) and perpendicular to the line of interséction of the planes x — y + 2z=0 and 2x ~y—3z=0. Find the point of intersection of the line r=i +2) Lk +20 +3} ~9k) and the plane obtained above. 37. Find the equation of the plane through the line of intersection of the planes x + y +z= Land 2x4 3y +4z =5 and twice of its y-intercept is equal to three times its z-intéreept. Plane Equation: Containing t of intersection of two planes and perpendicular to givéniplane 38. *Find the equation of the plane which is perpendicular to the plane 5x + 3y + 6z + 8 = Ovalid which contains the line of intersection of the planes x + 2y +3z-4=0 and 2x ty —24+5=0. 39, *Find the equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the planes x+y +z=1 and 2x + 3y + 4z = 5 which is perpendicular to the plane x - y +2 = 0. Also, find the distance of the plane obtained above, from the origin. 40. *Find the equation of the plane which contains the line of intersection of the planes r.(i + 2j + 3k)-4=0; * 1. Qi+j-K) +5=0 and which is perpendicular to the plane r. (Si + 3j~6K) + 8 = 0. 41. Find the equation of the plane which contains the line of intersection of the planes r.(2i ~3j + 4K) = 151. (i -j) + 4 = 0 and which is perpendicular to the plane r. (21 ~j,+ K) + 8 = 0. Hence find Whether the plane thus obtained contains the line x — 1 = 2y-4= 32-12. 42. Plane Equation: Containing the line of intersection of two planes and parallel to the givenline 43, Find the equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the planes 2x-+ y—z=8 and Sx —3y+424+9=0 and parallel tot? = 22? = #2 i 44, *Bind the equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the planeé x— 2y +2= 1 and 2x+y +z=8 and parallel to the line with direction ratios 1, 2, 1..Also, find the perpendicular distance of the point P (3, 1, 2) from this plane. :45, **Fjnd the e «ation of the plane pas: rz through the line of * tersection of the plan. x. (i+) +k) = (214.3 -k)+4=0 and paraticl to x 46. 3))-6 =O and .(3i —j ~ 4k) = 0, whose perpendicular distance from the origin is unity 47. *Find the Cartesian and as well as-the vector equation of the planes passing through the intersection ofthe planes r. (2i + 6j) + 12 = 0 and r. (3i-j + 4k) = 0 which are at unit distance from the origin. Perpendicular Distance from a point to the plane 48, * Write the length of the perpendicular drawn from the origin to the plane 2x ~ 3y + 62+ 21 = 0. 49. *Find the distance of the plane 3x ~ dy + 122 = 3 from the origin. 50, *Find the distance of the point (2, 3, 4) from the line r, (3i~ 2} + 2k) =~ 11. 51. *Write the distance between the parallel planes 2x ~ y+ 32=4, 2x—y +32~18. ‘52. Find the distance between the parallel planes 2x - y + 32-4 and 6x - 3y +9z+13=0. 53. Find the distance between the planes 2x - y +2z~ 5 and 5x ~2.5y + 5z=20. 54, *Finld the distance between the. point P(6, 5, 9) and the plane determined by the points A(3, — 1, 2), BCS} 2,4) and CC 1,~ 1, 6). ‘55. TE points (1, 1, p) and (—3, 0, 1) are equidistant from plane 1.(3i + 4j — 12k) + 13 =0, then find ‘p 56. Find the distance between the planes r.(2i— 3j +6k) ~ 4 = 0 and r. (61-9 +18k) + 30=0 Co planarity ottnee and Plane Equation containing the given lines 57. *Show that the lines “3 ‘are coplanar. Also, find the equation of the plane containing the lines. 58. *Show that the lines r = (i + j - k) + (Gi —j) and r = (4k) + (Qi + 3k) are coplanar. Also, find the ‘equation of the plane containing them. 59. *If the lines and = are perpendicular, then find ‘k’, and hence find the $ 22 = 2 and the plane 2x +y-z= 4. Co-ordinates of the points where the line meets the plane 67. *Find the coordinates of the point where the line #=* = 4? = #22 meets the plane x+y +4z=6, PRE intersects the plane x-y+ 2-5= 0. 66. Find the angle between the ting 68. *Find'the co-ordinates of the point where the Tine ® Also, find the angle between the line ‘and the plane. 69. *Find the coordinates of the point where the line through (5,1,6) and (3,4,1) crosses the ZXplane. 70, *Find coordinates of the point where the line through (3,~4,~5) and (2,-3,1) crosses the 2x+y+z= 7. 71. Find the point where the line joining the points (1, 3, 4) and (-3, 5, 2) intersects the plane +j+k) +3=0. 72. Find the coordinate of the point where the line through AGB, - 4, - 5) and BQ, - 3, 1) crosses the plene passing through three points LQ, 2, 1), MG, 0, 1) and N(4,- 1, 0). Also, find the ratio in which P divides the line segment AB. acer apes =O feted,Find the co-ordinates of the point where th. ne through the poin plane determined by the points (1, 2,3), (4. -. ~ 3) and (0, 4, 3). 74, Find the co ~ ordinates of the point of intei- ection P of the line r= 2i -j + 2k + Gi + 4j + 2k) and the plane determined by points A(1, -2, 2), B(4. 2, 3) and C(3, 0, 2). 15, *Find the vector equation of the plane passi: 2 through three points ‘vith position vectors i + j - 2k, ~j +k andi +j +k, Also, find the co ~ o, dinates of the point of intersection of this plane and the Line r= (Bi-j+k) + AQi- 2) +h). 76. *Find the equation of the line passing through the point P(4, 6, 2) and the point of intersection of the AS = % = 2 and the plane x + 5) and (2,—3, 1) crosses the ~ oS Distance between the point and the point of intersection of the line with the plane 77. *Find the distance of the point (2, 12, 5) from the point of intersection of the line r= (2i—4j + 2k) + 2Gi + 4j + 2k) and the plane r.(j -3j +k 78. **Find the distance of the point (1, ~5, -10) from the point of intersection of the line —j+2K) + AGI + 4j +2k) with the plane r. @—j + k)=5. 79. *Find the distance between the point(-1, ~5, -10) and the point of intersection of the line with the plane x—y +2= 5. 80, Find the co-ordinates of the point where the line r = (~ i~ 2} 3k) + A@i + 4j + 3K) meets the plane which is perpendicular to the vectorn = i+j + 3k and at a distance of 4/V11 from origin. Foot of the Perpendicular, its length, its equation and Image of a point on a plane 81. Find the coordinates of foot of the perpendicular drawn from the origin to the plane 2x — 3y + 42-6 =0. 82. *Find the co — ordinates of the foot of perpendicular and the perpendicular distance of the point PQ, 2, 1) from the plane 2x ~y +z+ 1 = 0.'Find also, the image of the point in the plane. 83. *Find the equation of the perpendicular drawn from point (1,-2,3) to the plane 2x-3y+ 4z+9= 0. Also, find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular. 84, *Find the length and foot of the perpendicular from the point P (7, 14, 5) to the plane 2x + 4y ~2=2. Allo, find the image of the point P in the plane. 85. *From the point P (1, 2, 4) a perpendicular is drawn on the plaie 2x + y — 22 + 13 = 0. Find the equation, the length of the perpendicular, and the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular. 86, *Find the image of the point (1,2,3) in the plane x + 2y +42 = 38. 87, Find the image of the point with position vector 3i + j + 2k in the plane r.(2i -j +k) 88, Find the image P* of the point P having position vector i+ 3j + 4k in the plane r.2i—j +k) +3 =0. Hence find the length of PP’. 89, Prove that image of the point (3,-2,1) in the plane 3x -y +42 = 2 lies on the plane x+y +2 +450. Finding the distance of a point from the plane (or line) measured parallel to the line (or plane) 90. Find the distance of the point (3,4,5) from the plané x +y +z =2 measured parallel to the ling 2x 91. *Find distance of the point (1,-2.3) from the plane x ~ y + 5 measured parallel to line = 92. *Find distance of the point (1,-2,3) from the plane x — y + z= 5 measured parallel to the line® a 93, *Find the distance of the point (-2,3,-4) from the line =? 2 = = measured parallel to the 2 plane 4x + 12y ~32 +1=0. Equation of the line passing through the given. point and parallel to the two given. plahes 94, *Find the vector and Cartesian equations of a line passing through the point P(1, 2, 3) and omnes the planes r.(j-j +2k) = 5 and ri +j +k) =6. 95. *Let P(3, 2, 6) be a point in the space and Q be a point on the line r= Gi-j + 2k) +HC3i+5 +58), ‘then find the value of 1 for which the vector PQ is parallel to the plane x — 4y + 3z= 1 96. *Find the vector and Cartesian equations of the plane which bisects the line joining the points B 2,1) and (1, 4,3) at right angles. MISCELLANEOUS 97. Find the distance between the line 2-Sand the plane determined by the points AQ, — 2, 1), BG, 1, 3) and C2, -2, 5).98. Find the ‘stance between the lin. r A(I, 1, 6:, BCL, 2, 1) and C2, 2. -1). 99. A line passes through the point ith position vector 2i - 3j + 4k and is perpen 4j —5k) 7. Find the equation of the line in Cartesian and vector forms. 5) 2k +3. + §+3K)and the plan termined by the polis ‘cular to the plane 1.@i = LINEAR PROGRAMMING 1, Solve the following linear programming problem graphically: Maximize Z = 7x + 10y Subject to constraints 4x + 6y <240; 6x + 3y $240; x2 10; x%y20. 2. *Solve the following linear programming problem graphically: Maximize Z =x +2y Subject to constraints x + 2y 2100; 2x ~y <0 ;2x + y $200; x, y20. 3. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically: Minimize’Z ~ 6x + 3y Subject to constraints 4x + y > 80; x + y 211 4. Solve the following linear progiamming problem graphically: ‘Minimige Z = 3x + 9y Subject to constraints x + 3y <60; x +y 210 ;xSy; x,y20. s Solvig the following Linear Programming problem graphically : ‘Maxim mise : Z = 8000x + 12000 y Subject to constraints 3x + 4y 60; x +3y $30; x, y2 0. 6. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically: =Z = 60x + 15y Subject to constraints x+y $50; 3x+y <90;x, y20. 7. Twa tailors, A and B, eam Rs.300 and Rs.400 per day respectively. A can stitch 6 shirts and 4 pairs of trousers while B can stitch 10 shirts and 4 pairs of trousers per day. To find how many days should each of them work and if it is desired to produge atleast 60 shirts and 32 pairs of trousers at a minimum labour ‘cost, formulate this as an LPP. 8. A small firm manufactures necklaces and bracelets. The total number of necklaces and bracelets that it can handle per day is at most 24. It takes one hour to make a bracelet and half an hour to make @ necklace. The maximum number of hours available per day is 16. If the profit on a necklace is Rs. 100 and that on a bracelet is Rs.300. Formulate on L.P.P. for finding how many of each should be produced daily tomaximize the profit ? It is being given that at least one of each must be produced. 9. A fitm has to transport atleast 1200 packages daily using large vans which carry 200 packages each and a fans Which can take 80:packages each. The cost for engaging each large van is Rs.400 and each i van is Rs.200. Not more than Rs.3,000 is to be spent daily on the job and the number of large vans cannot ‘exceed the number of small vans, Formulate this problem as a LPP given that the objective is to minjmize cost. 10. A company produces two types of goods A and B, that require gold and silver. Each unit of type A requires 3 g of silver and 1 g of gold while that of type B requires 1 g of silver and 2 g of gold. The company can procure a maximum of 9 g of silver and 8 g of gold. If each unit of type A brings a profit of Rs.40 and thet of type B_Rs.50, formulate LPP to maximize profit. + DIRT PROBLEMS 1, *A dietician wants to develop a special diet using two foods X and Y. Bach packet (contains 30 g) of food X contains 12 units of calcium, 4 units of iron, 6 units of cholesterol and 6 units of Vitamin A. Each packet of the same quantity of food ¥ contains 3 units of calcium, 20 units of iron, 4 units of cholesterol and 3 units of vitamin A. The diet requires at least 240 units of calcium, at least 460 units of iron and at most:300 units of cholesterol. Make an LPP to find how many packets of each food should be used to ee the amount of vitamin A in the diet, and solve it graphically. x +2y S150; x,y20. 2. *Acdietician wishes to mix two types of foods in such a way that vitamin contents of the mixture contain at I 8 units of vitamin A and 10 units of vitamin C. Food ‘I’ contains 2 units/kg of vitamin A and 1 unitkg of vitamin C. Food ‘II’ contains 1 unit/kg of vitamin A and 2 units/kg of vitar C. It costs Rs 5 per kg'to purchase Food ‘I’ and Rs 7 per kg to purchase Food ‘II’. Determine the minimum cost of such a mixture. Formulate the above as a LPP and solve it graphically. 3. Ina mid-day meal programme, an NGO wants to provide vitamin rich diet to the students of an MCD. school. The dietician of the NGO wishes to mix two types of food in such a way that vitamin contents of the mixture contains atleast § units of vitamin A and 10 units of vitamin C. Food 1 contains 2 units per kg of vitamin A and 1 unit per kg of vitamin C. Food 2 contains 1 unit per kg of vitamin A and 2 units per kg of vitamin C. It costs Rs.50 per kg to purchase Food 1 and Rs.70 per kg to purchase Food 2. Fompolate the problem as LPP and solve it graphicelly forthe minimum cost of such mixture? ‘avatah, ¢ST (Me10. dite 12. 13. *A diet is to contain at least 80 units « -itamin A and 100 wi:ts‘of minerals. Two foods FI-anid F2 are available, Food I'l costs Rs 4 per unit. od and 12 costs Rs6 per unit, One unit of food Fl eéntains 3 Units of vitamin A and 4 units of miners. One unit of food F2 contains 6 units of vitamin A antl 3 units of minerals. Formulate this as a linear »ogramming problem sad find graphically the mininhumd cost for diet that consisis: of mixture of these tw. - foods and also meets the minimal nutritional requiremehts. *A farmer has i supply of chemical fe: ilizer of type A which contains 10% nitrogen and 5% phosphoric acid, and type B which contains 6% nisrogen and 10% phosphoric acid. After testing the soil conditions of the field, it was found that at least i4 kg of nitrogen and 14 kg of phosphoric acid is required for producing a good crop. The fertilizer of type A costs Rs 5 per kg amd the type B costs Rs 3 per kg. How many kg. of each type of the fertilizer should be used to meet the requirements at the minimum possible cost? Using LPP solve the above problem graphically. *One kind of cake requires 200g of flour and 25g of fat, and another kind of cake requires 100g of flour and 50g of fat. Find the maximum number of cakes which can be made from 5kg of flour and 1 kg of fat assuming that there is no shortage of the other ingredients used in making the cakes. Formilate the above as a linear programming problem and solve graphically. A diet for a sick person must contain at least 4000 units of vitamins, 50 units of minerals and,1400 units of calories. Two foods A and B are available at a cost of Rs.5 and Rs.4 per unit respectively. Onle unit of the food A contains 200 units of vitamins, 1 unit of minerals and 40 units of calories, while Ei init of food B contains 100 units of vitamins, 2 units of minerals and 40 units of calories. Find the corifbiniation of the foods A and B should be used to have least cost, but it must satisfy the requirements ofthe sick person, Form the question as LPP and solve it graphically. MANUFACTURING PROBLEMS *A shopkeeper sells only tables and chairs. He has only Rs.6000 to invest and has space for almost 20 items, A table costs him Rs.400 and a chair, Rs.250. he can sell & table at a profit of Rs.40. supposing that he can whatever he buys, formulate the problem as LPP and solve it graphically for maximum profit. *A manufacturer produces nuts and bolts. It takes 1 hour of work on machine A and 3 hours on machine B to produce a package of nuts. It takes 3 hours on machine A and 1 hour on machine B to produce a package of bolts. He earns a profit of Rs.17.50 per package on nuts and Rs 7.00 per package on. bolts. How many packages of each should be produced each day so as to maximize his profit, if he operates his machines for at the most 12 hours a day? Form the above as a linear programming problem = solve it graphically. *A cottage industry manufictures pedestal lamps and wooden shades, each requiring the Jse of. grinding/cutting machine and a sprayer. It takes 2 hours on grinding/cutting machine and 3:houfs'on the sprayer to manufacture a pedestal lamp. It takes 1 hour on the grinding/cutting machine and 2. hours on the sprayer to manufacture a shade, On any day, the sprayer is available for at the most 20 hour$ and the grinding/cutting machine for at the most 12 hours. The profit from the sale of a lamp is Rs Stand that from a shade is Rs 3. Assuming that the manufacturer can sell all the lamps and shades thet he produces, how should he schedule his daily production in order to maximize his profit? *A factory makes tennis rackets and cricket bats. A tennis racket takes 1.5 hours of machine time and 3 hours of craftsman’s time in its making while a cricket bat takes 3 hour of machine time and 1 hour of craftsman’s time. In a day, the factory has the availability of not more than 42 hours of machine time and 24 hours of craftsman’s time. If the profit on a racket and on a bat is Rs 20 and Rs 10 respectively, find ~ the number of tennis rackets and cricket bats that the factory must manufacture to cam the maximum profit. Make it as an LPP and solve graphically. *A factory makes two types of items A and B, made of plywood. One piece of item A requirés's minutes for cutting and 10 minutes for assembling. One piece of item B requires 8 minutes for cutting and 8 minutes for assembling. There are, 3 hours 20 minutes available for cutting and 4 hours for bling, ‘The profit on one piece of item A is, Rs 5 and that on item B is Rs 6, How many pieces of chch'type should the factory makes so as to maximize profit? Make it an LPP and solve it graphically. i ‘*A small firm manufactures gold rings and chains. The total number of rings and chains shanufactured per day is at most 24, It takes 1 hour to make a ring and 30 minutes to make 4 chain, The'nlaximum number of hours available per day is 16. If the profit on a ring is Rs.300 and that‘on a chain id Rs.190,find the number of rings ais’ chains that should b nanufactured per daz 0 as to eam the maximum Make it as an LPP ais! solve it eraphically. merchant plans to sell =< types of personal cv: sputers — a desktop meviel and a portable model that will cost Rs 25000 and Rs £':000 respectively. He . timates that the total vonthly demand of computers will vot exceed 250 units. 1» cermmine the number ¢* units of each type of ¢ »nputers which the merchant should stock fo get maximu:. profit if he does not »-ant to invest more tha:. Rs 70 lakhs and if his profit on the desktop model is Rs 4500 and on portable model is Rs 5000. Make an LPP and solve it graphically, 15. *A dealer in rural area wishes to purchase a number of sewing machines. He has only Rs.5760.00 to invest and has space for at most 20 times. An electronic sewing machine costs him Rs.360.00 and a manually operated sewing machine Rs.240.00. He can sell an electronic sewing machine at a profit of Rs.22.00 anda manually operated sewing machine at a profit of Rs.18.00. Assuming that he can sell all ‘the items that he can buy, how should he invest his money in order ta maximize his profit? Make it as a Tine ‘programming problem and solve it graphically. Keeping the rural background in mind justify the e “vallies’ to be promoted for the selection of the manually operated machine. 16.*A manufacturer produces two types of steel trunks. He has two machines A and B. The fist type of trunk requires 3 hours on machine A and 3 hours on machine B. The second type requires 3 hours on machine A and 2 hours on machine B. Machines A and B can work at most for 18 hours and 15 hours per day respectively. He eams a profit of Rs.30 and Rs.25 per trunk on the first type and second type respectively. How many trunks of each type must he make each day to make maximum profit? 17. *A company produces soft drinks that have a contract which requires that a minimum of 80 units of the chemical A and 60 units of the chemical B go into each bottle of the drink. The chemicals are available in-prepared mix packets from two different suppliers. Supplier S had a packet of mix of 4 units of A and 2 units of B that costs Rs.10. The supplier T has a packet of mix of 1 unit of A and 1 unit of B that costs Rs4, How many packs of mixes fiom S and T should the company purchase to honor the contract requirement and yet minimize cost? Make a LPP and solve graphically. 18, tA, factory owner purchases two types of machines, A and B for his factory. The requirement and the limitations for the machines are as follows: Labor 1 Machine | Area Occupied | fore Daily output( in units) iN "1000 me 12 men @ B 1200 m men 40 He has maximum area of 9000 m” available, and 72 skilled labourers who can operate both the machines. How many machines of each type should he buy to maximize the daily output? 19. *A manufacturer considers that men and women workers are equally efficient and so he pays them at the same rate. He has 30 and 17 units of workers (male and female) and capital respectively, which he uses, to produce two types of goods A and B. To produce one unit of A, 2 workers and 3 units of capital are required while 3 workers and 1 unit of capital is required to produce one unit of B. if A and B are priced at Rs.100 and Rs.120 per unit respectively, how should he use his resources to maximize the total revenue?: Form the above as an LPP and solve graphically. Do you agree with this view of the ‘ ‘mantifacturer that men and women workers are equally efficient and so should be paid at the same rate? 20. *A gooperative society of farmers'has 50 hectare of land to grow two crops X and Y. The profit from crops X and Y per hectare are estimated as Rs 10,500 and Rs 9,000,respectively. To control weeds, a liquid herbicide has to be used for crops X and Y at rates of 20 liter$'and 10 liters per hectare. Further, no more than 800 liters of herbicide should be used in order to protect fish and wild life using a pond which collects drainage from’ this land. How much land should be allocated to each crop so as to maximize the total profit of the society? Form an LPP from the above and solve it graphically. Do you agree with the message that the protection of wild life is utmost necessary to preserve the balance in eavironment? 21. *An aero plane can carry a maximum of 200 passengers. A profit of Rs 1000 is made on each executive class ticket and a profit of Rs 600 is made on each economy class ticket. The aitline reserves at least 20 seals for executive class. However, at least 4 times as many passengers prefer to travel by economy class than'by the executive class. Determine how many tickets of each type must be sold in order to maximize the profit for the airline. Form an LPP and solve it graphically. ain PGFas22. An aero plone can carry a maxim: of 250 pwssengers. A. profit of Rs 1500 is > ade on each executive class tickei and a profit.of Rs 100¢ :s made on each economy-class ticket, The airline reserves at least 25 - | seats for executive class. However, ai least 3 times as many passengers prefer to travel by economy class than by the executive class. Frame the Linear Programming Problem to determine how many tickets of cach typemust be sold in order to niaximize the profit for the airline.(2M} 23. "Ifa young man rides his motor ele at 25km / hour, he had to spend Rs.2 per km, on petrol. If he rides at a faster speed of 40 km / hour, the petrol cost increases at Rs.5 per km. He has Rs.100 to Spend on petrol and wishes to find what is the maximum distance that he can travel in one hour. Express this as an LPP and solve it graphically. 24, *Anil wants to invest at most Rs.12, 000 in bonds A and B. ‘According to the rules, he has to invest at least Rs.2,000 in Bond A and at least Rs4,000 in Bond B. if the rate of interest on Bond A is 8% per annum and on Bond B is 10% per annum, how should he invest his money for maximum invest? Solve the problem graphically. 25. *Two tailors A and B cam Rs 150 and Rs 200 per day respectively. A can stitch 6 shirts and 4 pants while B can stitch 10 shirts and 4 pants per day. How many’ days shall cach work if it is desired to produce at least 60 shirts and 32 pants at a minimum laborcost? Solve the problem graphically. 26. A company manufactures two types of novelty souvenirs made of plywood. Souvenirs of type A xequire 5 minutes each for cutting and 10 minutes each for assembling. Souvenirs of type B require. {minutes each for cutting and 8 minutes each for assembling. There are 3 hours 20 minutes available ‘fo and 4 hours for assembling. The profit is Rs 5 each for type A and Rs 6 each for type B souvelirs. many souvenirs of each type should the company manufacture in order to maximize the profit?. 27. *A dealer deals in two items only ~ item A and item B. He has Rs.50,000 to invest andi a space, most 60 items. An item A costs Rs.2,500 and an item B costs Rs.500. A net profit to him. on Rs.500 and on item B is Rs.150. If he can sell all the items that he purchases, how should'he amount to have maximum profit? Formulate an LPP and solve it graphically.PROBABILITY CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY 1. IfP(A) = 2/5, P(B) = 1/3 , P(AMB) = 1/5, then find P(A/B). 2. *A family has two children. Find the probability that both the children are boys; if it is known that(i) at Teast one of the children is a boy. (ii) The elder child is a boy. 3. "From a set of 100 cards numbered 1 to 100, one card is drawn at random. Find the probability that the number on the card is divisible by 6 or 8, but not by 24. 4. *A couple has 2 children. Find the probability that both are boys, if it is known that (i) one of them is a boy, (ii) the older child is a boy. 5. Assume that each bom child is equally likely to be.a boy or a girl. Ifa family has two children, what is the conditional probability that both are girls given that (i) the youngest is a girl, (ji) at least one is a girl? 6. Accouple has two children, (i) Find the probability that both children are males, if it is known that at least one of the children is male.(ii) Find the probability thet both children are females, if it is know that the eldep.child is 2 female. 7. *Tep cards, numbered | to 10, are placed in box, is mixed up: thoroughly and then a card is drawn at random from the box. If it is know that the number on the drawn card is more than 3, find the probability ‘thatt is an even number. *A coin is tossed, and then a die is thrown. Find probability of obtaining a ‘6’ given that head comes up. A dig is thrown twice and the sum of the numbers appearing is observed to be 6. What is the conditional probability that the number 4 has appeared at least once? 10.-Given that the two numbers appearing on throwing two dice are different. ‘event ‘the sum of numbers on the dice is 4”: 11, *In a school, there are 1000 students, out of which 430 are girls. It is known that out of 430, 10% of the girls study in class X11. What is the probability that a student chosen randomly studies in Class XII given that the chosen student is a girl? 12. An instructor has a question bank consisting of 300 easy True / False questions, 200 difficult True / False questions, 500 easy multiple choice questions and 400 difficult multiple choice questions. If a question is selected at random from the question bank, what is the probability that it will be an easy guestion given that it is a multiple choice question? 13. In alhostel, 60% of the students read Hindi newspaper, 40% read English newspaper and 20% read both Hindi and English newspapers. A student is selected at random. (a) Find the probability that she reads neither Hindi nor English newspapers. (b) If she reads Hindi newspaper, find the probability that she reads English riewspaper. (c) If she reads English newspaper, find the probability that she reads Hindi newspaper. 14. “Consider ‘the experiment of tossing a coin. If the coin shows head, toss it again, but if it shows tail, then throw a die, Find the conditional probability of the event that ‘the die shows a number greater than 4° given that ‘there is at least one tail”. MULTIPLICATION THEOREM. 15. Two cards are drawn at random and without replacement from a pack of 52 playing cards. Find the probability that both the cards are black. 16. Three cards are drawn successively, without replacement from a pack of $2 well shuffled cards, What is the probability that first two cards are kings and the third card drawn is an ace? 17, A, Vox of oranges is inspected by examining three randomly selected oranges drawn without replacement. If all the three oranges are good, the box is approved for sale, otherwise, it is rejected. Find ‘the probability that a box containing 15 oranges out of which 12 are good and 3 are bad ones will be sponpved for sale ee id the probability of the18. *A bes contains 3 red and — black halls, Two [IS are selected at r: ‘om one-by-one without replacement. If the second se:.ied ball happens to b~- red, what is the prob.ility that the first selected ~ ball is also red? 19. *An urn contains 4"balls. Tw.» balls are drawn at rendom from the uin (wishout replacement) and are found ty be white, What is the probability that all the Your balls in the um are white? INDEPENDENT EVENTS, 1. If P(A)= 0.4, P(B) =p, P(AUB) = 0.6 and A and B are given'to be independent events, find p. ; 2. If A and B are two independent events, then prove that the probability of occurrence of at least ne of A and B is given by 1 - P(A’). P(B)). 3. Prove that if E and F are independent events, then the events E and F' are also independent. 4. *The probabilities of two students A and B coming to the school in time are 3/7 and 5/7 respectively. Assuming that the events, ‘A coming in time’ and ‘B coming in time’ are independent, find: the probability of only one of them coming tothe school in time. Write atleast one advantage of coming to school in time, 5. ‘Probability of solving specific problem independently by A and B are /4 and 1/3 respéctively, If both tty to solve the problem indepencently, find the probability that () the problem is solved (i) exdetly one of them solves the problem. 6. *The probabilities of A, B, C solving a problem are 1/3, 2/7 and 3/8 respectively. If all the ike itry:to solve the problem simultaneously, find the probability that exactly-one of them can solve'it.. 7.. A can solve 90% of the problems given in a book and B can ‘solve 70%. What is the probabi Jeast one of them-will solve the problem, selected at random from the book? 8. “Probabilities of solving a specific problem independently by A and.B are 4 and 1/3 respectively. If both tty to solve the problem independently, find the probability that (i) the problem is solved (li) exdetly one of them solves the problem. 9. The probability of student A passing an examination is 3/7 and of student B passing is 5/7. Assuming the two events “A passes”, “B passes”, as independent, find the probability of: (i) only A passing the ‘examination (ii) only one of them passing the examination. 10. *A speaks truth in 60% of the cases, while B in 90% of the cases. In what percent of cases are they likely to contradict each other in stating the same fact? In the cases of coritradiction do you think, the statement of B will carry more weight as he speaks truth in more number of cases than A? 11, *A spel truth in 75% ofthe cases, while Bin 90% ofthe cases In what peroent of eases rey likely to contradict each other in stating the same fact? 12. A speaks truth 60% of the cases and B in 70 % of the cases in what percentage of cases they are @) Contradict each other (ji) agree with each other in stating the.same fact. 13. *A and B toss a coin alternately till one of them tosses a head and-wins the game. If A’ starts. ; game, find their respective probabilities of winning. 1 14..*A and B throw a die alternatively till one of them gets a six and wins the game. Find their repectve 3 probabilities of winning the game if A starts first. 15. *A and B throw a pair of die turn by turn. The first to throw 9 is awarded a prize. If A starts the game, show that the probability of A getting the prize is 9/17. 16. A and B throw a pair of dice altemately, A wins the game if he gets a total of 7 and B wins the game if he gets a total of 10. If A starts the game, then find the probability that B wins. 17. *In a hockey match, both teams A and B scored same number of goals up to the end of the: decide the winner, the referee asked both the captains to throw a die alternately and di team, whose captain gets a six first, will be declared the winner. If the captain of team: A vas start, find their respective probabilities of winning the match and state whether the deci feferee was fair or: not. that at ly to19, % .. Three persons A. 1° ond C throw a die ir, vccession till one gei_ : six and wins the gine. Find their respective probabilivies of winning, if Aststs followed by B and ( 1. “A. can hit a target - times out of § times. '$ can hit 3 times out of 4 times and C ean hit = times out of 3 times. They fire simultancously. Find the probability that (i) An: two out of A, B, and C will hit the target (ji) none of them will hit the target (iii) A, B, C all may-hit () B, may hit an A may lose, ‘The|probability that A hits the'target is 1/3 and the probability that B hit it is 2/5.1f each one of A and B shogts at te target, what is the probability that (I the target is hit (i) exactly one of them hits the target. *A die, whose faces are market 1, 2, 3 in red and 4, 5, 6 in green, is tossed. Let A be the event “number obtained is even” znd B be the event “number obtained is red”. Find if A and B are independent events. GENERAL PROBLEMS *Out of 9 outstanding students of a school, there are 4 boys and S girls. A team of 4 students is to be selected for a quiz competition. Find the probability that 2 boys and 2 girls are selected. A class consists of 10 boys and 8 girls. Three students are selected at random. Find the probability that the selected group has (i) all boys. (ii) All gitls. (ii) 2 boys and 1 girl. BAYEE’S THEOREM Of the students in a school, it is know that 30% have 100% attendance and 70% students are irregular, Previous year results report that 70% of all students who have 100% attendance attain A grade and 10% irregular students attain A grade in their annual examination. At the end of the year, one student is chogsen at random from the school and he was found to have an A grade. What is the probability that the student has 100% attendance? Is regularity required only in school” Justify your answer. “In @ factory which manufactures bolts, machines A, B and C shanufacture respectively 25%, 35% and 40% of the bolts. Of their outputs, 5,.4 and 2.percent are respectively defective bolts. A bolt is drawn at jom from the product and is found to be defective. What is the probability that it is manufactured by the machine B? “In aibulb factory, machine A, B, and C manufacture 60%, 30% and 10% bulbs respectively. 1%, 2% and 3% of the bulbs produced respectively by A, B and C are found to be defective. A bulb is picked up at random from the total products and found to be defective, Find the probability that this bulb was produced by the machine A. *A factory has two machines A and B. Past record shows that machine A produced 60% of the items of output and machine B produced 40% of the items. Further, 2% of the items produced by machine A and 1% produced by machine B were defective. All the items are put into one stockpile and then one item is chosen at random from this and is found to be defective. What is the probability that it was produced by machine B? ‘A manufacturer has three machine operators A, B and C. The first operator A produces 1% defective items, whereas the other two operators B and C produce 5% and 7% defective items respectively. A ison the job for 50% of the time, B is on the job for 30% of the time and C is on the job for 20% of the time. ‘A dfeetve item is produced, what isthe probability that it was produced by A? *Aal insurance company insured 2000 cyclists, 4000 scooter drivers and 6000 motorbike drivers. The probability. of an accident involving a cyclist, scooter driver and a motorbike driver are 0.01, 0.03 and 0.15 respectively. One of the insured persons meets with an accident, What is the probability that he is a sedoter driver? Which mode of transport would you suggest to a student and why? *An insurance company insured 2000 scooter, 4000 car drivers and 6000 truck drivers, The probability of an accident involving a scooter, a car and a truck are 0.01, 0.03, and 0.15 respectively. One of the insured persons meets with an accident. What is the probability that he is a scooter driver? *A bag contains 1 white and 6 red balls, and a second bag contains 4 white and 3 red balls. One of the bags is picked up at random and a ball is randomly drawn from it, and is found to be white in colour. Find the probability thatthe drawn ball was from the first bag. "There are two. bags A and B. Bag A contains 3 white and 4 red balls whereas bag B contains 4 white andalge 10. A ‘tg contains 4 red and - Slack balls. another b:.y contains 2 red and 6 - ck balls. One of the tso bags is selected at random and :so balls are drawn at ndom without replaces «nt from the bag and are found ~ to be both red. Find the probability that the balls «re drawn from the first bag, 11. * Three bags contain balls as shown in‘the table below Bag | Number of Number of - | Numbe: of red white balls black balls bails I i Die 3 fig 2 1 r Or 4 3 eee: A bag is chosen at random and two balls are drawn from it. They happen to be white and red. What is the probability that they came from III bag. : 12. **Bag I contains 3 red and 2 black bells and Bag II contains 2 red and 3 black balls.Oné ball is transferred from Bag I to Bag I and then a ball is drawn ftom Bag Il.The ball so drawn is found to be red in colour. Find the probability that the transferred ball is red. 13. Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls and Bag II contains 4 red and 5 black balls.One ball is transferred from Bag I to Bag II and then a ball is drawn from Bag II.The ball so drawn is found to be red in colour. Find the probability that the transferred ball is black. *Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls and Bag II contains 4 red and 5 black balls. Two balls are transferred at random from Bag I to Bag II and then a ball is drawn from Bag II. The ball so drawn is found to be red in colour. Find the probability that the transferred balls were both black. 15. Two bags A and B contain 4 white and 3 black balls and 2 white and 2 black balls respectively. From bag A, two balls were transformed to bag B. Find the:probability of drawing (i) 2 white balls from bag B? (fi) 2 black balls from bag B? (iii)1 black and 1 white ball from bag B? [Alt: Bayee’s theorerh.] 16. *A bag contains 4 balls. Two balls are drawn at random, and are found to be white. Whit is the probability that all balls are white? 17. "Bag A contains 6 red and 5 blue balls and another bag B contains 5 red and 8 blue balls. A ball js drawn from bag A without seeing its colour and it is put into the bag B. Then a ball is drawn fromi:bag B at random, Find the probability that the ball drawn is blue in colour. * 18. A bag contains 4 green and 6 white balls. Two balls are drawn one by one without replacement. If the second ball drawn is white, what is the probability that the first ball drawn is also white? 19. *OF the students in a college, it is known that 60% reside. in hostel and 40% are day scholars (not residing in hostel). Previous year results report that 30% of all students who reside in hostel attain ‘A’ grade and 20% of day scholars attain“A’ grade in their annual examination, At the end of the year, one student is chosen at random from the college and he has an *A’ (grade, what is the probability that the student is a hostlier? 20. A doctor is to visit a patient. From the past experience it is known that that the probabilities of the doctor 14 coming by train, bus, scooter, or taxi are 1/10, 1/5, 3/10 and.2/5 respectively. The probabilities that he - ‘will be late are %, 1/3, and 1/12 if he comes by train, bus or scooter respectively but by taxi he will not be late. What is the probability that he comes by train. = 21. A candidate has to reach the examination center in time. Probability of going by bus or scooter or by other means of transport is 3/10,1/10,3/5 respectively. The probability that he will be Tate-is and 1/3 respectively, if he travels by bus or scooter. But he reaches in time if he uses any other mode of transport. He reached late at the centre. Find the probability that he traveled by bus. 22. *In answering a question on a MCQ test with 4 choices per question, a studenit knows the answer, guesses or copies the answer. Let 4 be the probability that he knows the answer, "4 be the probability that he guesses and ¥%4 that he copies it. Assuming that a student, who copies the answer, will be correct with the probability %, what is the probability that the student knows the answer, given that he answered it correctly? Arjun does not know the answer to one of the questicins in the test. ‘The evaluation process has negative marking. Which value would Arjun violate if he resorts to unfair means? How would an act like the above hamper his character development in the coming years? io MinFH TE. epesdon Dunk "PMOL Bee23. In answering « juestion on multiple oice test, a student «+ er knows the answer or guesses. be the probability that he knows the ssiwer and 2/5 is the p: soability that he guess. Assuming that a student who guesses at the answer will be correct with piobsility 1/3. What is the probability that the student knows the answer given that he answered it correctly’? 24. **Assume that the chance of a patient having a heart attaci: is 40%. Assuming that a meditation and yoga course rece the risk of heart :»tack by 30% and prestiption of certain drug reduces its chances bby 25%. Ata time a patient can choose any one of the two options with equal probabilities. It is given that after going through one of the two options the patient selected at random suffers a heart attack. Find the probability that the patient followed a course of meditation and yoga? Interpret the result and state which of the above stated methods is more beneficial for the patient. 25. *Given three identical boxes J, II and II, each containing two coins. In box I, eoins are gold coins, in box. both are silver coins and in the box IIT, there is one gold and one silver coin. A person chooses a box at random and takes out a coin. If the coin is of gold, what is the probability that the other coin in the box is also of gold? 26. ***There are three coins. One is a two-headed coin (having head on both faces), another is a biased coin that|comes up heads 75% of the times and the third is also a biased coin that comes up trials 40% of the ug One of the three coins is chosen at random and tossed, and it shows heads. What is the probability thatlit was the two-headed coin? 27. Thefe. are three coins. One is two headed coin, another is a biased coin that comes up teil 25% and the third is an unbiased coin. One of the three coins chosen at random and is tossed, it shows head, what is the probability that it was from the two headed coin? 28. *Two groups are competing for the position on the board of directors of a corporation. The probabilities that the first and second groups will win are 0.6 and 0.4 respectively. Further, if the first group wins, the probebility of introducing a new product is 0.7 and the corresponding probability is 0.3, if the second group wins. Find the probability that the new product was introduced by the second group. 29. **Suppose a git] throws a die. If she gets a 5 or 6, she tosses a coin thee times and notes the number of heads. If she gets 1, 2,3 or 4, she tosses a coin once and notes whether a head or tail is obtained. If she obtained exactly one head, what is the probability that she threw 1, 2, 3 or 4 with the die? 30. *A card from a pack of 52 cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the pack, two cards are drawn at random and are found to be both clubs. Find the probability of the lost card being of clubs. » 31. *A nan is known to speak a truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws a die and reports that itis a six. Find the prolgbility that itis actually six. 32. *A speaks truth 8 times out of 10 times. A dic is tossed. He reports that it was 5. What is the probability 33. *Often itis taken that a truthful person commands more respect in the society. A man is known to speak the truth 4 out of 5 times. He throvis a die and reports that it is a six. Find the probability that it is ‘actually a six. Do you also agree that the value of truthfulness legs to more respect in the society? 34. *A man is known to speak the truth 3 out of 5 times. He throw’a die and reports that it is a number greater than 4, Find the probability that itis actually a number greater than 4. 35.*In a certain college, 4% of boys and 1% of girls are taller than 1.75 meters. Furthermore, 60% of the students in the college are girls: A student is selected at random from the college and is found to be taller thah 1.75 meters. Find the probability that the selected student is a gic. 36. *In a class, having 60% of boys, 5% of boys and 10% of the girls have an 1.Q. of more than 150. A it is selected at random and found to have an 1.Q. of more than 150, Find the probability that the selegted student is a boy. 37. *For, e. persons A, B, C the chances of being selected as manager of the firm are in the ratio 4: respect ively. ‘The respective probabilities for them to introduce radical change in market strategy are 0.3, 0.8 and 0.5. Ifthe changes does takes place, find the probability that it was due to appointment of B of C. 38. ‘Three persons A, B and C apply for a job of Manager in # private company. Chances of their selection (A,B and C) are in the ration 1: 2: 4. The probabilities that A, B and C can introduce changes to improveeat profits of the compai.y are 0.8, 0.5 and 0.° respectively. If the elsinge does not take pli probability that itis due (o the appointment oC. : 39. *Suppose that 5% of men and 0.25% of wimen have grey hair. grey haired person is selected at random. What is the probability of this perso being male? Assume ‘at there are equal number bf males and females. (Solution: grey hair males are $a and women are 0.25" , so total number grey hair people 5.25%. therefore, no. uf grey hair male = 5/5.°5) [Note: Using Bayee’s theorem also we can solve]. 40, Suppose that the reliability of a HIV test is specified as follows: Of people having HIV, 90% of the test detect the disease but 10% go undetected. Of people free of HIV, 99% of the test are judged HIV-ive but 1% are diagnosed as showing HIV+ive. From a large population of which only 0.1% have HIV, one person is selected at random, given the HIV test, and the pathologist seports himJher as HIV+ive. What is the probability that the person actually has HIV? 41. A laboratory blood test is 99% effective in detecting a certain disease when it is in fact, jpresent. However, the test also yields a false positive result for 0.5% of the healthy person tested (i.e. if'@ healthy person is tested, then, with probability 0.005, the test will imply he has the disease). If 0.1 percent of the Population actually has the disease, what is the probebility that a person has the disease giveil| that his ‘est result is positive? 42. *In a group of 400 people, 160 are smokers and non — vegetarian, 100 are smokers and vegetarian and ‘the remaining are non'— smokers and vegetarian, The probabilities of getting a special chest didedse are 35%, 20% and 10% respectively. A. person is chosen from the group at random and is fouhd to be suffering from the disease. What is the probability that the selected person is a smoker and non — vegetarian? What value is reflected in this question? 43, If a machine is correctly set up, it produces 90% acceptable items. If itis incorrectly set up, it produces only 40% acceptable items. Past experience shows that:80% of the set ups are correctly done. If after a certain set up, the machine produces 2 acceptable items, find the probability that the machine is correctly setup. 44, In.a shop X, 30 tins of pure ghee and 40 tins of adulterated gliee which look alike, are kept for sale while in shop Y, similar 50 tins of pure ghee and 60 tins of adulterated ghee are there. One tin of ghee is purchased from one of the randomly selected shops and is found to be adulterated. Find the probability that it is purchased from shop Y. What measures should be taken to stop adulteration ? 45. There are three categories of students in a class of 60 students : A: Very hard working students B : Regular but not so hard working C: Careless and irregular i 10 students are in category A, 30 in category B and rest in category C. It is found that probability of students of category A, unable to get good marks in the final year examination is, 0.002, of eategoty B it is 0.02 and of category C, this probability is 0.20. A student selected at random was found to be the one ‘who could not get good marks in the examination. Find the probability that this student is of category C. ‘What values need to be developed in students of category C 2 Random variable and Probability distribution 1, *A random variable X has the following probability distribution: X [Oi 2) 30a sine] a7. POR) | O[K | 2k | 2k | 3k [7 | 2k? | 7k? +k Find (i) k Gi) PO <3) (lil) POX> 6) Gv) PON defined by f(x)= { is not bijective. § snis even Consider f':R, > (-5,20) given by f(x) : ppre-t ros Discuss the commutativity and associativity of the binary operation * defined on Q by the nule a*b=a-b+ab forall a,b,ceQ. x? +6x=5. Show that f is invertible with Let R* be the set of all positive reals. Define an operation ‘o’ on R* bya ob ay ab R*. Show that the operation ‘0° is commutative as well as assi identity element and the inverse of a 4x Find the value of cos"{ cos#= s (cos8z) am £, raat) fe. Also find the Prove that cot Jissinx -Ji-sin x ise Prove that tan “( Prove that 2tan” 3 74 Prove that cos"\42 4+ si 21 fag eth x2 xa2 4 If A and B are symmetric matrices, determine whether AB — BA is symmetric or skew- symmetric matrix. Solve : tan’ 1 ais) Express |~6 8 3] asa sum of symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices. -465 omthn2, Obtain the inverse of the matrix A=|1 2 3] using elementary operations. 311 ‘There are three families “A, B and C. The number of men, women and children in these families are as under : [Men ‘Women [Children]19. 20. ai. 2. 23. 25. 26. 28, 29. Family A_ 2 be Family B 2 1 Family C et oe Daily expenses of men, women and children are R&200, Rs.150 and Rs.200 respectively. Only men and women earn and children do not. Using matrix multiplication, calculate the daily expenses of each family. What impact does more children in the family create on the society ? If is a square matrix of order 33 such that [4] =5, then fii [4.4 then find [add - If is a square mateix of order 353 such that | fe x? 142 Ifx, y, z are different and |y” y? 1+ y°}= le 2? 142? » then show that 1 +3y2=0, jr x? yl Show that ly y* zx}=(2—y)(v-2)(2-x)Gy+ yz +23), P+ ab. ac Provethat| ab B41 be |=14a? +b? 407. ac be ctl le-y-z 2x 2x Provethat] 2y 9 y-z=x ay |=(ray4z). 22 22 ax. b+e cra ard) Itlera a+b b+cl=0, then prove that a+b+e= a+b bre cal oraz Solve the system of equations by using matrix method : 2x+3y432=5 3Bx-y-2253 Solve the following system of equations by matrix method where x, y,2%# 0 “1b 27-201 Use the product |0 2. -3] 9 2 —3| to-solve the system of equations. 3-2 4]6 1 -2 x-yt2z2=1 2y-3z=1 3x-2y44z=2 Two schools A and B want to award their selected students on the values of sincerity, truthfulness and helpfulness. The school wants to award Rs.x each, Rs.z cach for the three30. 31 32, 33. 34, 35. 36. 37. 38, 39. 40. 4. 42, 43. 44. 45. respective values to 3, 2 and 1 students respectively with a total award money of Rs.1600, School B waits to spend Rs.2300 to award its 4, } and 3 students on the respective values(by siving the same award money to the three values as before). Ifthe total amount of award for fone prize on each value is Rs.900, using matrices, find the award money for each value. Apart from these three values, suggest one more value which should be considered for award | ‘Show that the function fdefined by f(x) = E =a? *4 is continuous every where except at Ox=4 r=4, cos2x Determine the value of & for which the function f(x) ={ gq? *9- is continuous at x kx=0 sinerDerine cg Determine the values of a, b and ¢ for which the function f(x)={%*=0 vetbx Ve be? 1x30 is continuous at x = 0, Prove that the function f given by f(x) differentiable at x = Find 2 it y=(6in a) + (6inx)™ |x-1,xeR is continuous at x = 1 but not dy. Find Site ty ad Vine + Jim = a(s~y) then show that (edie — VeVi") and 0-<.x <1, then find 2 Ity Ie xJity+yVitx <0, for-1 115, Form the differential equation of the family of the curve y=acos(x+b)where a, 6 are arbitrary constants the differential equation of all circles which pass through the origin and whose centre lies on y-axis 117. The surface area of a balloon beitg inflated changes at a constaat rate. If initially, its radius 3 units and after 2 seconds it is 5 units, find the radius after ¢ seconds. 118. Find the equation of the curve passing through the point (1,0) if the slope of the tangent to the vol ¥ix 119, Solve: xdy-ydr= Je yar. ‘curve at the point (x, ») is 120. Find the particular solution of the differential equation 2 +> given that y=1when a= 0h 121, Solve: Bytom = ar ane 122, Solve: +32) Z + 299-42 = 0 subject to the intial condition 9(0)=0. 128, Solve: ydx+(e—y?)dy=0. solve : Sx xsin 124, Solve: + xsin2 cos" y, 125. a unit vector in the direction of the resultant of the vectors /—J+3é, 27+ j-26 and ~f~j-3k.126. 127. 128. 129, 130. 131 132, 133. 134, 135. 136. 137, 138. 139. 140. 141. 142, 143. 144, 145. 146. Find the value of so that the vectors = 28+ 448 and 5 =7-2}-+34 are perpendicular to each other. If the sum of two unit vectors is a unit vector, prove that the magnitude of their difference is 8 ‘Show that the angle between two diagonals of a cube is ow'(2), Find the projection of the vector 2~ j~f in the direction of the vector /+2j+k If @=3f-j and B= 27+ j-3k, express f inthe form of J = A, +f, where A, is parallel to & and , is perpendicular @ Find a vector of magnitude 9 which is perpendicular to both the vectors 47—J+3% and 2747-28. Given [al 2, find [ad] Let dni ],5 =3)-£2=71-£, tind a vector d which fs perpendicular both & and 5 end zd-1. Find the area ofthe triangle whose vertices are given by (1, 0), 3,1, 1) and @, 0, -1). Find the area of the parallelogram whose sides are represented by the vectors 7—j+34 and faajek. Find the equation of the lise in veetor and Cartesian form which is parallel tothe line oe x = 2225 and passing trough the point (1, 2,3). Find the equation of the perpendicular from the point (3, -1, 11) to the line Also, find the foot of the perpendicular and the length of the perpendicular. Find the image of the point (1,6, 3) n the line = ‘Show that the lines intersection. Find the distance between the 5 x43 _y47_ 2-6 =3 Find the shortest distance between the lines rn 2 and = Tt =a ee Find the equation of the plane which bisects the line joining the points (2,1,5) and (0,3,1) at right angles. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (1, i, 1) and perpendicular to each of the plane x+2y-+3z-7=0 and 2x—3y4+42=0. Find the image of the point (1, 3, 4) in the plane x-y+2=5. Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point (1,2,3) and parallel to the planes Find the equation of the lin passing through the point (1, 3, 2) andthe point of intersection of Sat eae! 2 and the plane x+y—147. F 148. 149. 150. isi. 152, 153. 154, 155, 156. 157. 158. 159. '=5 measured porallel to the eat as eyes +1 Find the distance of the point (1, -2 , 3) from the line ee measured parallel tothe plane x-y+2=5 ines tl Find the equation of the plane containing the coplanar lines ~— Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (J, 1, 1) and the intersection of the planes x+y+z=6 ad 2x+3y+4z+5=0. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through the points (1, 1, 2) and (-1, 2, 3) and perpendicular to the plane x~2y+32~-4=0. Find the value of x Such ‘that the points A(3,2,1), B(4,x,5), C(4,2,-2) and D(6,5,-1) are coplanar. Find the distance between the two planes 2x +3y+4z=4 and 4+ 6y+8z=12. ‘A variable plane which reniains at a constant distance 3p from the origin cuts the coordinate axes at A, B, C. Show that the locus of the centroid of the triangle ABC A dealer wishes to purchase a number of fans and sewing machines. He has only Rs.5760.00 to invest and has space for at most 20 items. A fan costs him Rs.360.00 and a sewing machine Rs.240.00, His expectation: is that he can sell a fan at a profit of Rs.22.60 and a sewing machine at a profit of Rs.18,00. Assuming that he can sell all the items that he can buy, how should he invest his money in order to maximize his profit ? Translate this problem ‘mathematically and thén solve it. A firm manufactures two types of products A and B and sells them at a profit of Rs.5 per unit of type A and Rs.3 per unit of type B. Each product is processed on two machines M and N. One unit of type A requires one minute of processing time on M and two minutes of processing time on N- where as one unit of type B requires one minute of processing time on Mand one minute on N. Machines M and N are respectively available for atmost 5 hours and 6 hours a day. Find out how many units of each type of product should the firm produce a day in order to maximize the profit. Solve the problem graphically. A dietician wishes to mix two types of foods in such a way that vitamin contents of the mixture contain at least 8 units of vitamin A and 10 units of vitamin C. Food ‘I’ contains 2 unitskg of vitamin A and I unitikg of vitamin C while Food ‘IP’ contains 1 unitkg of vitamin A and 2 units/kg of vitamin C. It costs Rs.50 per kg to purchase Food ‘I’ and Rs.70 per kg to purchase Food ‘II’. Formulate this problem as a linear programming problem to minimize the cost of such a mixture and hence solve it. Two tailors A and B earn Rs.300 and Rs.400 per day respectively. A can stitch 6 shirts and 4 pairs of trousers while B can stitch 10 shirts and 4 pairs of trousets per day. To find how many days should each of them work if it is desired to produce at least 60 shirts and 32 pairs of trousers at a minimum labour cost, formulate this as an LPP. ‘There is factory located cach of the two places P and Q. From these locations, a certain commodity is delivered to each of the depots situated at A, B and C. the weekly requirements of the depots are respectively 5,5 and 4 units of the commodity while the production capacity of the factories at P and Q are respectively 8 and 6 units. ‘The cost of transportation per unit is given below160. 161. 162. 163, 164, 165. 166. 167, 168, 169. 110. a B [anc re 16 10 15 @ 10 12 10 How many units should be-wansporied from each factory to each depot in order that the transportation cost is minimum? A die is rolled twice and the sum of the numbers on them is observed to be 7. What is the conditional probability that the number 2 has appeared at least once? A die whose faces are marked 1, 2, 3 in red and 4, 5, 6 in green, is tossed. Let A be the event “number obtained is even”. And B be the event “number obtained is red”. Find if A and B ate independent events. A person has under taken a construction job. The probabilities are 0.65 that there will be strike, 0.80 that the construction job will be completed on time if there is no strike and 0.32 that the construction job will be completed on time if there is strike. Determine the probability thatthe construction job will be completed on time. ‘Two students can solve a problem with the probabilities 2/5 and 1/3. If a problem is given to them, find the probability that i) the problem is solved and ii) only one of them solves the problem. / In answering a question on 2 multiple choice test « student either knows the answer or guesses, Let % be the probability that he knows the answer and % be the probability that he guesses. Assuming that a student who guesses at the answer will be correct with probability ¥%, What is the probability: that a student. knows the answer given that he answered it correctly? 3 A man is known to speak truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws’a die and reports that it is a six. Find the probability that it is actually a six. Do you also agree that the value of truthfulness eads to more respect in the society? Of the students in a school, itis known that 30% have 100% attendance and 70% students are imegular. Previous year results report that 70% of all the students who have 190% attendance attain A grade and 10% irregular students attain A grade in their annual examination. At the end of the year, one studehts is chosen at random from the school and he was found to have fan A grade. What is the probability that the student has-100% attendance? Is regularity required only in school? Justify your answer. A random variable X has the fallowing probability distibution values of X : CH] One| ASME Over [S| Amal Ons | CE [i PO _[O K ewe [2c 2 |iskaE) I ae | 7K | Find each of the fallowing : (i) k (ii) P(X <6) (iii) P(X'2 6) (iv) P< X <5) Two dice are thrown simultaneously. If X denotes the number of sixes, find the expectation and variance of X. Ina hurdle race, a player has to cross 10 hurdles. ‘The probability that he will cross each hurdle is 5/6. What is the probability that he will knock down fewer than two hurdles? Ina hockey match, both teams A ‘Aand B scored same number of goals up to the end of the game, so decide the winner, the referee asked both the captains to throw a die alternately and decided that the tearm, whose captain gets a six first, will be declared winner. If the captain of A was asked to start, find their respective probabilities of winning match and state whether the decision of the referee was fair oF not?ay ‘MLL Questions . KI STD MATHEMATICS C3 24 Stilo | Chapter ‘Approx Marks + Relations and Functions a ‘i 2 | Inverse trigonometric fundtions 4 3 Matrices and Determinants 10 1 4 | continuity, dfferentiation'and Applications of derivatives. 8 t ‘ 5 | Integration and application of integrals 10 1 E ‘ 6 | Differential equations 6 i 7 | Vector algebra 8 i i 8 |3-0Geomeny 10 ee 9 | unear Programming 6 | 4 10 Probability 8 80 i 1, Check whether the following function is differentiable at x = 1 and x = 2 or not: vt x ifx<1 | f=} 2-x, fisxs2 | Fe -24+3x-x7, ifx>2 ~| 3 2. Find the value of ‘a’ and ‘b’ so that the function defined as follows is continuous. +2, ifx <2 f= ax +b, y2r=, x >- 1 is an increasing function of x, throughout its dom: 18. Prove that y = —AS"8.- — @ isan increasing function in [0,3] 19. Evaluate Sgn” 20, Evaluate f ze dx 21, Evaluate f 2 22. Evaluate f PEE 23. Evaluate f V3 — 2x — 2? dx 24, Bvaluate f(2x + 3\Wx? + 4x +3 de 25. Evaluate f xtan“? x dx 26. Evaluate S22" ene * sue 27. Evaluate f ary et 28. Evaluate f.(Ixl + bx - 21 + [x 4[)dx 29. Bvaluatef$ log (1+ tanz)dx E sindx 30.Evaluate {? 2" = — dx 31. Evaluate fo 22 dx 32. Evaluate {2(3x? — S)dx 33, Evaluate [2,(e™ + 72x —5)dx : 34, Find the area between the curves y? = x, theline x + y= 2. 35. Find the area represented by {(x,y):x? < y <: |x} 36. Find the area represerited by {(x,y):x* +? < 1 < x-+ y} 37. Find the area represented by {(x, y): |x - 1|sy V5 — x? 36, Find the area enclosed between the curves y = x? and x = 9 39, Find the area of the circle x? + y? = 16 which is exterior tothe parabola y? = 6x. 40. Find the area represented by { (x,y): 9x? + y? < 36 and ae +y 26} 41. Find the area between the circles x? + y? = 4and(x-2) +y? = 4 42, Using integration, find the area of triangle, whose vertices are(-1, 2)(1, 5)(3, 4) i i443, Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the lines2x + y = 4,3x- 2y = Gand x- 3y +5 44, Solve the D.E. 3e*. tany, dx + (1 — e*)secty.dy = 0, given that y=, when x= 1. 45, Solve the D.E. (3xy + y*)dx + (x? + xy)dy = 0; x" 1, y ol 46, Show thatthe diferent equation: x sn 2) +x ~ ysin Find the particular solution of this differential equation, given that x 47. Solve the DE. ye*dx = (xe + ») dy, (y 20) 48. Solve the DE: x22 + y = xcosx + sinx, given y (2) = 1 49, Solvethe D.E(1 + x?)dy + 2xydx = cotx.dx,x #0 50. Solvethe D.E(tan™! y — x)dy = (1 + y*)dx;x = 0 when y=0. 51. Solvethe D.E(tan"* x ~ y)dx = (1 + x)dy; 52, Solvethe D.E: (y + 3x2) = x, x> 0, when 53. Find the projection of a =7i + j ~ 4k of b =2i +6) + 3k. 54.Let a= 4i + 5j—k, b= i 4j + Sk and q = 3i +j ~ Kk. Find a vector p which is perpendicular to both aandb and satisfyingp.q = 21. 55. If a= 3i + 4j + 5k atid B= 2i + j— 4k, express B in the form B= Bi + Bz, where fr is parallel to a and Br perpendicular to a. $6. The scalar product of the vector a=i+2)+4k with the unit vector along the sum of vectorsb = i+ 2j +3k and c = hit 4j -Sk is equal to one. Find the value of and hence find the unit vector along b +¢. 57. Using vectors, find the area of the 4 ABC with vertices A(1, 2, 3), BQ, ~ 1, 4) and C4, 5,- 1). 58. Ifthe vectors =i + 3} +k, b x 59, Show that the four points A, B, C and D with position vectors 4i + 5j +k, ~(j+), 3i +9) + 4k and -4i + 4j + 4k, respectively are co-planar. 60. Find the value of 2 if the points A(-I, 4, -3), BG, % , ~ 5), C3, 8, -8) and D-3, 2, 1) are coplanar. 61,Prove that {a +b b-+¢ c +a) = 2fabc] 62. Show that the vectors a,bandc are coplanar if a + b,b + candc +a are coplanar. 63: Find the angle between the lines 2%? = 24 = #42 ang 243 = 2=8 whether the lines are parallel or perpendicular. 64. Find angle between pair of lines given by r = 3 2j —4k+ M(i+ 2j + 2K) andr= Si-2j + uGi+2j + 6k). ‘65. Find the value of 2 so that the following lines are perpendicular to each other + eM _ Set ToT pS oe 2 i — jk and ¢= Ai + 7 + 3k are coplanar, then find and check 67. Show that the i ntersection. 68. Find the shortest distance between the two lines whose vector equations are r= (6i + 2j + 2k) + 21-2) + 2k) and't = 4i—K) + ni -2j -2K).69. Find the equation of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2, 4, ~1) to the tine = co ‘Also find the foot of the perpendicular. 70. Find the coordinates of the foot of perpendicular drawn from P(1, 8, 4) on the line joining R(,-1, 3) and S(2,-3,-1). 71. Find the image of the point (1, 6, 3) inthe line:= 72. Show that the points (0, -1, -1) (4, 4, 4) (4, 3 1) ind 3, 55, 4) are coplanar, Also, find: the plane, 73. Find the equation of the plane passing through the points A(3, 2, 1) , B(4, 2, - 2) and CG, 5, - 1) and hence find the value of Afor which A(3, 2, 1), B(4, 2, - 2), C(6, 5, - 1) and D(A, 5, 5) are coplanar. 74. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through the intersection of the planes r. (++ 5+ #)= 6 and r.(2/+3j +48) =-5, and the point (1, 1, 275-Find the equation of the plane whichis perpendeule to the plane Sx + 3y + 62-+ 8 = 0 and which contains the line of intersection of the planes x +2y + 32-4 = Oand 2x+y ~ z+5=0. 76.;Find the equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the planes _r. (i +j+k)=Landr, (235 k)+4=0 and parallel to x-axis. 77. Show that the lines =*2 7 Sare coplanar. Also, find the equation ofthe plane containing the lines 78. Find the co-ordinates of the point where the line =? = wae y+2-S= 0, Also, find the angle between the line andthe plane. 79. Find the-vector equation of the plane passing through three points with position vectors i + j-2k, 2i-j + kand i +j +k. Also, find the co — ordinates of the point of intersection of this plane and the Line r= (3i—j +k) +A@i-2)+K) 80. Find the distance of the point (~1, -5, 10) from the point of intersection of the line r= (Qi-j # 2k) + 4Gi + 4j + 2k) with the plane r. (i-j +k) 81. Find the co ~ordinates of the foot of perpendicular and the perpendicular distance of the ' int P(3, 2, 1) from the piane 2x — y + z+ 1'= 0. Find also, the image of the int in the plane. 82. Find distance of the point (1,-2.3) from the plane xy + z= 5 measured perallel tothe line 7 - 83. Find the distance of the point (-2,3,-4) from the line =? =2*2 = 25° measured parallel to the plane 4x + 12y -32 +1=0. 84, Solve the following linear programming problem graphically: Minimize Z = 3x + 9y Subject to constraints x + 3y <60;x-+y 210 ;xsy; x,y20. 85. Solve the following Linear Programming problem graphically :Maximisé : z = 8000x + 12000 y Subject to constants 3x + 4y <60; x 43y <30; x, y>0. 86.A dietician wants to develop a special diet using two foods X and Y. Each packet (contains 30 g) of food X contains 12 units of calcium, 4 units of iron, 6 units of cholesterol and 6 units of Vitamin A, Each packet of the same quantity of food Y contains 3 units of calcium, 20 units of iron, 4 units of cholesterol and 3 units of vitamin A. The diet requires at least 240 units of calcium, at least 460 units of iron and at mést 300 units of cholesterol. Make an LPP to find how many packets of each food should be used to minimize the amount of vitamin A in the diet, and solve it graphically. 87.A factory makes, tennis rackets and cricket bats, A tennis racket takes 1.5 hours of machine time and 3 hours of craftsman’s time in its making while a cricket bat takes 3 hour of machine time and 1 hour of craftsman’s time. In a day, the factory has the availability of not more than 42 hours of machine time and 24 hours of craftsman’s time. If the profit on a racket and on a bat is Rs 20 and Rs 10 respectively, find the number of tennis rackets and cricket bats that the factory must manufacture to earn the maximum profit. Meke it as an LPP and solve graphically. intersects the plane x—88. Probabilities of solving a specific problem independently by A and B are .. and 1/3 respectively. If both tty to solve the problem independently, find the probability that (i) the problem is solved (i) exactly one of them solves the problem 89. A speaks truth 60% of the cases and B in 70% of the eases in what percentage of cases they are likely to () Contradiet each other (ii) agree with each other in stating the same fact. 90, A and B throw a pair of die tum by turn. The first to throw 9 is awarded a prize. If A starts the game, show that the probability of A getting the prize is 9/17. 91. In a factory which manufactures bolts, machines A, B and C manufacture respectively 25%, 35% and 40% of the bolts. Of their outputs, 5, 4 and 2 percent are respectively defective bolts. A bolt is drawn’at random from the product and is found to be defective. ‘What is the probability that it is manufactured by the machine B? 92. An insurance company insured 2000 cyclists, 4000 scooter drivers and 6900 motorbike drivers, The probability of an accident involving a eyelist, scooter driver and a motorbike driver are 0.01, 0.03 and 0.15 respectively. One of the insured persons meets with an accident. What is the probability that he is a scooter driver? Which mode of transport ‘would you suggest to a student and why? ‘93. A bag contains 1 white and 6 red balls, and a second bag contains 4 white and 3 red balls. One of the bags is picked up at random and a ball is randomly drawn from it, and is found to be white in colour. Find the probability that the drawn ball was from the first bag. 94. Bag 1 contains 3 sed and 2 black balls and Bag II contains 2 red and 3 black balls.One ball is transferred from Bag I to Bag Il and then a ball is drawn from Bag I-The bell so drawn is found to be red in colour. Find the probability that the transferred ball is red. 95. Of the students in a college, it is known that 60% reside in hostel and 40% are day scholars (not residing in hostel). Previous year results report that 30% of all students who reside in’hostel attain ‘A’ grade and 20% of day scholars attain “A” grade in their annual examjnation, At the end of the year, one student is chosen at random from the college and he has an “A* grade, whet is the probability that the student is a hostlier? 96. In answering a question on a MCQ test with 4 choices per question, a student knows the answer, guesses or copies the answer, Let ¥ be the probability that he knows the answer, % be the probability that he guesses and ¥% that he copies it. Assuming that a student, who copies the answer, will be correct with the probability %, what is the probability that the student knows the answer, given that he answered it correctly? Arjun does not know the answer to one ofthe questions in the test. The evaluation process has negative marking. Which value would Arjun violate if he resorts to unfair means? How would an act like the above hamper his character development in the coming years? 97. There are three coins. One is a two-headed coin (having head on both faces), another is a biased coin that comes up heads 75% of the times and the third is also a biased coin that ‘comes up trials 40% of the times, One of the three coins is chosen at random and tossed, and it shows heads. What is the probability that it was the two-headed coin? 98. Suppose a girl throws a die. If she gets a 5 or 6; she tosses a coin three times and notes the number of heads. If she gets 1, 2, 3 or 4, she tosses @ coin once and notes whether a head or tail is obtained. If she obtained exactly one head, what is the probability that she threw 1, 2, 3 or 4 with the die? 99. A card from a pack of 52 cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the pack, two cards are drawn at random and are found to be both clubs. Find the probability of the lost card being of clubs. 100. A man isknown to speak a truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws a die and reports that it isa six, Find the probability that it is actually six.KE 101. __A random variable X has the following probability distribution: x (oO) [raat 2 4 |s le 7 POX) One| eae ta al [ae [eek Find (i) kG PX <3) (iI) PX > 6) (PO

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