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Fault Detection and Notification

This document describes a fault detection and notification system for underground power cables using a Raspberry Pi. It uses Ohm's law to determine the distance to a cable fault based on voltage drops. A series of resistors represent the cable and switches create faults. The voltage changes are read by an analog-to-digital converter and calculated by the Raspberry Pi to display the fault distance on an LCD. Fault details can also be sent to a website. It allows efficient and low-cost location of underground cable faults for repair.

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Harish manjunath
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106 views9 pages

Fault Detection and Notification

This document describes a fault detection and notification system for underground power cables using a Raspberry Pi. It uses Ohm's law to determine the distance to a cable fault based on voltage drops. A series of resistors represent the cable and switches create faults. The voltage changes are read by an analog-to-digital converter and calculated by the Raspberry Pi to display the fault distance on an LCD. Fault details can also be sent to a website. It allows efficient and low-cost location of underground cable faults for repair.

Uploaded by

Harish manjunath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fault Detection and notification system

Contents:
 Abstract

 Introduction

 Literature Survey

 Block Diagram

 Requirements for Hardware and Software

 Applications

 Advantages

 References
Abstract:-

This paper proposes fault location model for underground power cable using Raspberry Pi. The
aim of this project is to determine the distance of underground cable fault from base station in
kilometers. This project uses the simple concept of ohm’s law. When any fault like short circuit
occurs, voltage drop will vary depending on the length of fault in cable, since the current varies.
A set of resistors are therefore used to represent the cable and a dc voltage is fed at one end and
the fault is detected by detecting the change in voltage using a analog to voltage converter and a
Raspberry Pi is used to make the necessary calculations so that the fault distance is displayed on
the LCD display.

Introduction:-
Till last decades cables were made to lay overhead& currently it is lay to underground cable
which is superior to earlier method. Because the underground cable are not affected by any
adverse weather condition such as storm, snow, heavy rainfall as well as pollution. But when any
fault occur in cable, then it is difficult to locate fault. So we will move to find the exact location
of fault. Now the world is become digitalized so the project is intended to detect the location of
fault in digital way. The underground cable system is more common practice followed in many
urban areas. While fault occurs for some reason, at that time the repairing process related to that
particular cable is difficult due to not knowing the exact location of cable fault. Fault in cable is
represented as: • Any defect, • Inconsistency, • Weakness or non-homogeneity that affect
performance of cable . • Current is diverted from the intended path . • Caused by breaking of
conductor& failure of insulation.
LITERATURE SURVEY :-
[1] UNDER GROUND CABLE FAULT DETECTION

The concept of OHM’S LAW used in this paper for the detection of underground cable fault is
made effective by the usage of MSP43controller launch pad and wireless transceiver CC2500.
This paper work is improvised in the precise location of cable fault. It provides simultaneous
monitoring of current level, resistive variation and temperature indication. Here the short
circuit and open circuit fault is easily notified by the switches and the corresponding current,
voltage and resistance values. It provides accuracy of about 3.3V with the support of 12bit
analog to digital converter in the controller launch pad.

[2] UNDER GROUND CABLE FAULT DETECTION AND VOICE ALERTS


In this paper Under ground fault detection is done by using the microcontroller with
the understanding of the ohms law concept .Additionally the message will be sent to the
mentioned mobile number through GSM module .Mp3 player is connected to the
microcontroller, so that the message of faults will be announce in speaker by voice statements or
lines.

[3] Underground Cable Fault Distance Locator


The project uses a capacitance method. When the current is flow through the wire then the
electromagnetic field is induced which is sense by a Darlington pair i.e. it removes an
unwanted noise then it will be filtered and then pass through a voltage regulator gives a
constantly 5v supply and then embedded IC is used to represent a fault.

[4] Underground Cable Fault Distance Detector System Using IoT Wi-Fi
Module & Microcontroller
The Paper is mainly based on the working principle of Ohm’s Law. According to which, if a
low dc voltage is applied at the feeder end through a set of series resistors in cable lines. The
current would vary depending upon the location of fault in the cable, that is in case, there is
short circuit in the form of line to ground, the voltage across series resistor change
accordingly. Which is then fed to the ADC inbuilt in already programmed microcontroller to
create the exact data, which would display the exact location of fault in Km as well as upload
in the web page through IOT module. Hence we can browse the fault details from anywhere
and the prevention action can take against it.
Overall Block Diagram:

LCD Display

Fire sensor
Metal Sensor

Temperature
sensor Website MOBILE
Voltage
Sensor IR sensor

Camera
L293D Driver
Regulator
DC motors

Ac Supply Transformer Rectifier


Working Principle:
The project uses the simple concept of OHMs law where a low DC voltage is applied at the
feeder end through a series resistor. The current would vary depending upon the length of fault
of the cable in case there is a short circuit of LL or LLG or LG etc. The series resistor voltage drop
changes accordingly which is then fed to an ADC to develop precise digital data which the
programmed Raspberry Pi would display the same in Kilo meters. The project is assembled with
a set of resistors representing cable length in Km and fault creation is made by a set of switches
at every known Km to cross check the accuracy of the same. This is proposed model of
underground cable fault distance locator using Raspberry Pi. It is classified in four parts –DC
power supply part ,cable part, controlling part, display part. DC power supply part consist of ac
supply of 230v is step down using transformer, bridge rectifier converts ac signal to dc &
regulator is used to produce constant dc voltage. The cable part is denoted by set of resistors
along with switches. Current sensing part of cable represented as set of resistors &switches are
used as fault creators to indicate the fault at each location. This part senses the change in
current by sensing the voltage drop. Next is controlling part which consist of analog to digital
converter which receives input from the current sensing circuit, converts this voltage into
digital signal and feeds the Raspberry Pi with the signal. The Raspberry Pi also forms part of the
controlling unit and makes necessary calculations regarding the distance of the fault. The
Raspberry Pi also drives a relay driver which in turn controls the switching of a set of relays for
proper connection of the cable at each phase. The display part consists of the LCD display
interfaced to the Raspberry Pi which shows the status of the cable of each phase and the
distance of the cable at the particular phase, in case of any fault. Whatever the faults occurs in
the transmission line will sent to the website through WiFi .Then we can access that through
opening the website in our Smartphones ,for that we need to log in to the website.
Requirements for Hardware and Software
Hardware:

 ARM1176JZF-SARM.Core
 Relay
 Current Sensor
 Alarm
 Metal sensor
 Fire sensor
 Temperature sensor
 Computer
 Switches
 LCD
 Power Supply
 Raspberry pi Camera

Software:

 Raspbian Jessie
 HTML and PHP
 Language – Linux
 Python
Advantages:

1) Economical

2) Portable

3) Low maintenance cost

4) It can be used to detect the cable fault easily

6) Less maintenance

7) It has high/er efficiency

8) Less fault occur in underground cable

9)Underground cable fault location model are applicable to all types of cable ranging from 1kv
to 500kv&other types of cable fault such as-Short circuit fault, cable cuts, Resistive fault,Sheath
faults, Water trees, Partial discharges.

10) Improved public safety.

Applications:

 It can be used in Fuel supply system in underground tunnels.


 The concept can be used in electricity management system.
 The concept can be used in Home appliance Fault detection.
 The concept can be used in Making of smart cities.
References:

[1]. 1Priyanka.R and 2B.Priya “UNDER GROUND CABLE FAULT DETECTION”.


International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(3), ISSN: 2394-
9333 www.ijtrd.com ( May-Jun 2016)

[2].Sujay S1,a, R Monisha1, Prathibha ”Underground Cable Fault Detection and alert”.
International Journal of Latest Research in Engineering and Technology (IJLRET)ISSN: 2454-5031

www.ijlret.com ǁ PP.113-118 (2017)

[3] Abhay Sharma1, Akash Mathur2, Rajat Gupta3, Ranjeet Singh4, Er. Mansi singh

“Underground Cable Fault Distance Locator”

www.ijareeie.com Vol. 6, Issue 4, (April 2017)

[4] Kanchan Kumar Bauri1, Sanjeev Kumar2, Rajendra Kumar Sahu3, Vinita Sahare4.
“Underground Cable Fault Distance Detector System Using IoT Wi-Fi Module
& Microcontroller” . www.ijirset.com Vol. 7, Issue 3, (March 2018)

For more references visit IJLRET.COM , IJIRSET.COM, SCIHUB & IEEE websites.

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