UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE

Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch)

Ar. Md Shahroz Alam

TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

CO1 Students will gain knowledge about the various traffic Remember
and transportation systems.

CO2 Students will learn about various road network Understand

Source: https://onlinepedagogy.wordpress.com/2009/07/27/traffic-and-
transportation/

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 INTRODUCTION
• From the beginning of history, human sensitivity has revealed an
urge for mobility leading to a measure of Society's progress.
• The history of this mobility is the history of civilization.
• For any country to develop with right momentum modern and
efficient Transport as a basic infrastructure is a must.
• It has been seen throughout the history of any nation that a proper,
extensive and efficient Road Transport has played a major role.
• ‘Transporters’ perform one of the most important activities, at
every stage of advanced civilization.

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 INTRODUCTION
• Where roads are considered as veins and arteries of a nation,
passenger and goods transported are likened to blood in circulation.
• Passenger Road Transport Service (PRTS) is an essential connected
to the economic development.
• Transport is the essential convenience with which people not just
connect but progress.
• Throughout history, people's progress has been sustained on the
convenience, speed and safety of the modes of transport.

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 TRANSPORT

Transport is the movement of people

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 FUNCTIONS OF TRANSPORT
❑ Transport contributes in Growth of industries whose product
requires quick marketing.
❑ Perishable articles like fish and green vegetables are carried to
various consumers quickly even in distant markets.
❑ Transport helps in increase in the demand for goods.
❑ Through transport newer customers in newer places can be easily
contacted and products can be introduced to them.
❑ Today markets have become national or international only because
of transport.

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 FUNCTIONS OF TRANSPORT
❑ Transport creates place utility.
❑ Geographical and climatic factors force industries to be located in
particular places far away from the markets and places where there
may not be any demand for the products.
❑ Transport bridges the gap between production and consumption
centers.
❑ Transport creates time utility.
❑ It has been made possible by virtue of the improvements in the
speed of transport.
❑ It helps the product to be distributed in the minimum possible time.

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 FUNCTIONS OF TRANSPORT
❑ Transport helps in stabilization of price by moving commodities
from surplus to deficit areas.
❑ Transport enables the consumers to enjoy the benefits of goods not
produced locally.
❑ This increases the standard of living, an essential factor for further
development of marketing and economy.
❑ Transport identifies competition, which in turn, reduces prices.
❑ Prices are also reduced because of the facilities offered by transport
for large-scale production.

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 FUNCTIONS OF TRANSPORT
❑ Advantages of large-scale production is possible only due to
transport.
❑ Transport increases mobility of labor and capital.
❑ It makes people of one place migrate to other places in search of
jobs.
❑ Even capital, machineries and equipments are imported from
foreign countries through transport alone.

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 MEANS OF TRANSPORT
The means of transport are classified on the
basis of the way, the vehicle, the motive
power used and terminals.

Source: https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/705/9/09_chapter%201.pdf
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 LAND TRANSPORT

Source: https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/705/9/09_chapter%201.pdf
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Pathways:
❑ In remote villages, forest and hilly areas
pathways are still an important amongst the
different modes of transport.
❑ It further be subdivided into Head loads (is
also known as human transport.
❑ It is used in the hilly areas where even
animals cannot reach) and Pack animals (is
also known as animal transport.
❑ It is used in the backward areas.

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Roadways:
❑ Road Transport is one of the most important
modes of transport.
❑ The history of Road Transport started from
ancient civilizations.
❑ Gradually it becomes more and more
polpular means of transport.
❑ Road Transport further subdivided into:
❑ Vehicular Transport (Cars, Trucks, Buses,
Lorries, Autoricksaws, Bullock Carts,
Tongas, Tumtums, and Hand Carts etc.)
and
❑ Non-vehicular Transport (Animals like
Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/8856417/
Camel, Dogs, Elephant, Horse, Mules etc.)

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Tramways:
❑ Tramway is one of the cheaper, longer, quicker and safer modes of
Land Transport which is suitable in large cities.
❑ However due to certain limitations like slowly ness, huge
investment, inflexibility etc. gradually it replaced by other means of
Land Transport.

Source: https://scroll.in/video/865700/video-how-indias-
centuries-old-tram-system-ended-up-surviving-only-in-kolkata Tram in Kolkata

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Railways:
❑ Railway has been the pioneer of modern
mechanical transport.
❑ It has brought the greatest revolution in
transport.
❑ It accelerated commercial and industrial
development of various countries.
❑ Until the introduction of Motor Transport,
Railway had the monopoly as the Land
Transport.
❑ In India, it is the principal means of
transport. It carries over 80 per cent of
goods traffic and over 70 per cent of
passenger traffic.
❑ It provides for more than 60000 Northern Railway
kilometers of railways all over the
country. Source: https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/indian-
railways-bets-on-new-omrs-technology-to-prevent-train-derailment/1111233/

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WATER TRANSPORT
❑ Water transport is the cheapest and
the oldest form of transport for heavy
goods and bulk cargoes.
❑ Waterways are the natural gifts, hence
it does not require large amount of
capital expenditure for the
construction of road and railway
tracks, except canal transport, as in
the case of land transport.
Northern Railway
❑ In addition to that the cost of running
is also very less. Source: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-illustration/water-transport-line-
doodle-illustrations-set-719960713

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MODES OF WATER TRANSPORT

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Source: https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/705/9/09_chapter%201.pdf
INLAND WATERWAYS
Inland waterways may be subdivided into:
River Transport:
Rivers are the water highways given by nature. River
Transport is suitable for small boats and steamers. It was
highly developed in the pre-railway days.
But with the development of railways, river transport was
neglected and decayed gradually.
Canal Transport:
Canals are the artificial waterways constructed for the
purpose of navigation and irrigation.
OCEAN TRANSPORT
Ocean Transport or shipping may be subdivided into
1. Coastal Shipping
2. Overseas Shipping Bugsworth Basin, uk

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OCEAN TRANSPORT
Coastal Shipping:
Coastal shipping is a cheaper, speedy, flexible and economical form of transport for
the movement of bulky and heavy cargoes. Usually coastal
shipping trade is reserved for the national shipping. In India also from 1951 and
onwards the coastal shipping trade is extremely reserved for the national
ships.
Overseas Shipping:
On the basis of their working, overseas shipping may be divided into The Liner
(those ships which follow defined routes with fixed places and fixed time
table), The Tramps (those ships which have no set routes or fixed time table) and
The Oil Tanker (special sea carriers of crude oil in very large quantity).
The Liners may again be subdivided into Passenger Liners and the Cargo Liners.

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AIR TRANSPORT
Air transport is the gift of twentieth century to
the world. It is the latest means of transport. The
first flight in the air was made in 1903, only for
twelve seconds.
Successfully it was used as a means of transport
after the First World War (1914-1918).
The first air service was started in 1919 between
London and Paris. Since then it has made notable
progress and provide tough competition to Source:https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/b
itstream/10603/705/9/09_chapter%201.pdf
Railways.
Air Transport can again be subdivided into
passenger and cargo.
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 REFERENCES
Text Book:
• Kadiyali, “Traffic and Transportation”
• Agarwala S C,-- “Architecture and Town Planning”
• UDPFI Guidelines – Ministry of Urban Development
Reference Books
• National Transport Policy- Government of India- Ministry of Surface Transport
• Institute of Town Planner (India) – Readers Volume on Transportation
• National Building Code,2005
Reference Website
• https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/705/9/09_chapter%201.pdf
• https://theconstructor.org/transportation/classification-of-roads/17470/
• https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/2002cpr/pdf/ch14.pdf

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THANK YOU

For queries
Email: [email protected]