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Arp Rarp Icmp

The document discusses address mapping in TCP/IP networking. It explains that packets need both a logical IP address and a physical MAC address, and that address resolution protocol (ARP) dynamically maps between the two. ARP broadcasts a request for the MAC address corresponding to a target IP, and the target responds with its MAC. This process allows packets to be delivered to their destination by encapsulating the IP packet in a frame addressed to the correct MAC address.

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rkankrale1980
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99 views

Arp Rarp Icmp

The document discusses address mapping in TCP/IP networking. It explains that packets need both a logical IP address and a physical MAC address, and that address resolution protocol (ARP) dynamically maps between the two. ARP broadcasts a request for the MAC address corresponding to a target IP, and the target responds with its MAC. This process allows packets to be delivered to their destination by encapsulating the IP packet in a frame addressed to the correct MAC address.

Uploaded by

rkankrale1980
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADDRESS MAPPING

• The delivery of a packet to a host or a router requires


two levels of addressing: logical and physical.
• We need to be able to map a logical address to its
corresponding physical address and vice versa.
• These can be done using either static or
• dynamic mapping.
• Static mapping has some limitations and overhead
against network performance
• Dynamic mapping: ARP and RARP

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 1


ADDRESS MAPPING
• Anytime a host or a router has an IP datagram to send to
another host or router, it has the logical (IP) address of the
receiver.
• But the IP datagram must be encapsulated in a frame to be
able to pass through the physical network.
• This means that the sender needs the physical address of
the receiver.
• A mapping corresponds a logical address to a physical
address. ARP accepts a logical address from the IP
protocol, maps the address to the corresponding physical
address and pass it to the data link layer.

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 2


Figure Position of ARP in TCP/IP protocol suite

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 3


ARP operation
 ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol
 ARP associates an IP address (32 bit) with its MAC addresses (48 bit)
 An ARP request is broadcast; an ARP reply is unicast.

Computer Networks 21/ 4


ARP Operation
 The sender knows the IP address of the target
 IP asks ARP to create an ARP request message
 The message is encapsulated in a frame (destination address = broadcast
address)
 Every host or router receives the frame. The target recognizes the IP
address
 The target replies with an ARP reply message (unicast with its physical
address)
 The sender receives the reply message knowing the physical address of
the target
 The IP datagram is now encapsulated in a frame and is unicast to the
destination

Computer Networks 21/ 5


Figure ARP operation

LAN

System A System B

Request

Looking for physical address of a


node with IP address 141.23.56.23

a. ARP request is multicast

LAN

System A System B

Reply

The node physical address


is A4:6E:F4:59:83:AB

b. ARP reply is unicast


TCP/IP Protocol Suite 6
Figure Four cases using ARP

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 7


Figure ARP packet

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 8


Figure Encapsulation of ARP packet

Type: 0x0806

Preamble Destination Source


Type Data CRC
and SFD address address
8 bytes 6 bytes 6 bytes 2 bytes 4 bytes

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 9


RARP Reverse Adress Resolution Protocol

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 10


Figure RARP operation

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 11


Figure RARP packet

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 12


INTRODUCTION TO ICMP

• The IP protocol has no error-reporting or error


correcting mechanism.
• What happens if something goes wrong?
• What happens if a router must discard a datagram
because it cannot find a router to the final destination,
or because the time-to-live field has a zero value?
• These are examples of situations where an error has
occurred and the IP protocol has no built-in mechanism
to notify the original host.

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 13


Figure 9.1 Position of ICMP in the network layer

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 14


Figure 9.2 ICMP encapsulation

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 15


MESSAGES

• ICMP stands for Internet Control Message Protocol Version 4


(ICMPv4) messages are divided into two broad categories: error-
reporting messages and query messages.
• The error-reporting messages report problems that a router or a
host (destination) may encounter when it processes an IP packet.
• The query messages, which occur in pairs, help a host or a
network manager get specific information from a router or another
host.
•Also, hosts can discover and learn about routers on their network
and routers can help a node redirect its messages.

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 16


 Message Format
 Error Reporting Messages
 Query Messages
 Checksum

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 17


Figure 9.5 Contents of data field for the error message

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 18


Figure 9.4 Error-reporting messages

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 19


TCP/IP Protocol Suite 20
Figure 9.3 General format of ICMP messages

Code: provides info. Or parameter of msg type.


Data: Contains IP addr. Original datagrams

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 21


Note

ICMP always reports error messages to the


original source.

TCP/IP Protocol Suite 22

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