Comparative Analysis of Japanese Architecture and Korean Architecture

Japan Korea
Tateana-Shiki Jūkyo/ Pit Raised-floor Houses
Dwellings  Elevated to give way some space
 sunken, excavated floor to ondol flooring
 Materials: wood  Ondol Flooring (means “warm
skeleton, grass and stone”) -korean floor panel
Dwellings dried straw heating system
Domestic  Popular during the  First seen in middle mumun
Jomon Period
Architecture
Minka Hanok
 Traditional Japanese  Traditional Korean
house House
 Equipped with tatami mat  Characterized by ondol
flooring, sliding doors, (underfloor heating
and system) and maru (a
wooden engawa verandas. wide wooden floor area;
 Genkan –entrance hall a structure for cooling)
where shoes are removed  not only eco-friendly but
before entering the house brings nature itself
 Tataki –lower ground directly into the home in
floor the forms of light, air
 Floors are raised upon and even sound
entrance to prevent the  Materials:
flood from entering the Wood for pillars and
house maru
 Heating system is achived by hori-gotatsu (traditional Stone for Gudeul
japanese table that is low on the ground having charcoal (heating device for
brazier or hibachi to heat up the flooring Ondol)
 Materials Clay for floors, walls and roof)
Washi (Japanese Paper) for Partition Hanji or Changhoji for doors, walls, ceilings and even on
 Can be fusuma (thicker and opaque) or shoji floors
(thinner)  traditional Korean paper made from the bark of the
Woven Rush for Tatami mat flooring mulberry tree
Wood for base flooring, door frames and columns  pasted on doors due to its excellent insulating capacity
Rice-paper for Walls and its transparency
 has air holes for ventilation and can act as air purifier
 adjusts humidity levels by absorbing excess moisture
in the air and evaporating it when the air is dry
 Note: uses large amounts of clay since clay makes hanok cool
in the summer and warm in the winter with its innate heating
and cooling properties

Kofun (“ancient grave”) Dolmen ko’indol or chisongmyo

Tomb  main burial mounds in  simple structures made of monolithic stones
Architecture Japan that follows  constructed as tombs for elite members of the community
certain shape (circle,  200,000 are known in Korea (with 90% of them in South
square and even a key Korea)
hole) Korean Stepped Pyramid
 made of stone
 tumulus
 ex. Tomb of a Goguryeo
 for the royalty military general, Jian,
 large kofun are often surrounded by water ditches China
 example: Daisen Kofun, Osaka –largest tumulus and
one of the largest tombs in the world (keyhole shaped) Tumulus
 large Earth mound
 Korea is a home to roughly
780 tumuli
 ex. Cheonmachong tomb
(Tumuli Park)

 characterized by gravity, frankness and simplicity of Pagoda (-tap)

construction, vital composition and sparsely ornamented  became smaller, and architectural
Pagoda (to or butto) details were much simplified
 a structure that has evolved from the Indian stupa  stories diminish progressively in
 usually comes with three (sanju no to) or five (goju no to) size as they go upward, forming a
Religious stories. characteristic slender and
Architecture  measured in ken, where a ken is the interval between two stabilized type from which the later
pillars of a traditional-style building (bay) Silla pagodas evolved
 first made of wood called mokuto and those made of stone  oldest and most famous ones are
are called sekito located at the mountains
 used wood for earthquake resistant qualities  influenced by wooden pagoda in
 follows a square plan China then later on became stone
 Hokogi –one of the oldest pagoda  Usually no nails are used and the wood, often, whole tree
 Applied entasis in columns by 8th century trunks are merely interlocked
 Decorations: simple and delightful  traditionally, people believed that evil travels in straight lines
thus, the ends of the roofs are curved up
 follows entasis
  Decorations: in between Chinese and Japanese influnces; not
too simple and not too intricate

Shiro Hanja
 symbolizes power  made of earth and wood
of the lord and then later made into stone
luxurious living  reflected human scale to
Castle or quarters symbolize intimacy
Palace  each province  example: Gyeongbokgung
should have one Palace built in 1395
Architecture
palace  best preserved of
 built to last thus, the Joseon
stone is used Dynasty's five palaces, and as such was designated a
 never constructed walls around a castle town; there may be UNESCO world cultural heritage in 1996
walls present but it is an earthquake-resistant action  palace architecture sought to realize the dynasty's political
 first built for governance and protection thus, they are ideals with ornaments and structures that represented the
placed in strategic locations authority of the throne
 Nawabari –layout for castles  Palace decorations, which are positioned based on a palace's
 Only 12 are original today spatial features, reveal the nature of the Joseon Dynasty's
Tyoes: political ideals and the kind of life it dreamed of for its people
1. Yamajiro (Moutain Castle)
2. Hirayamajiro (Castle on a hill in the Plains)
3. Hirajiro (Castle on the Plains)
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