3rd Sem.

Syllabus

TT-201A
INTRODUCTION TO TEXTILES

L T P Sessional: 25 Marks
3 1 - Exam: 50 Marks
Total: 75 Marks
Time: 3Hrs
Note:
Nine questions will be set in the question paper i.e. two from each unit. The students
will be required to attempt one question from each unit. Question no. 1 is
compulsory. It is objective type 10 questions of multiple choices covering the entire
four units.

UNIT-I
Textile Industry
Sectors of textile industry viz, organized mill sector, decentralized small-scale sector.
Sectors based on technology: Handloom, Powerloom, Garment, Cotton, Silk, Wool,
Jute and Symthetic Fibers.
Indian cotton: production, quality and global competition.

UNIT-II
Changing scenario of Indian Textile Industry in the wake of WTO Agreement.
Strengths and weaknesses of the Indian Textile Industry in the global scenario.
Research and technology support to the Indian Textile Industry.

UNIT-III
Textile Technology
Introduction to fiber, yarn, fabrics.
Sequence of operation for conversion of natural and manmade fibers into finished
fabrics.
Fabric construction technology: knitting, weaving and production of non-wovens.

UNIT-IV
Fabric to garment, Importance of Design.
Quality aspects of yarns, fabrics and garments.
Processing and finishing of fabric and garments.

Suggested Text Books & References:

1. Corbmann, ”Textiles Fibre to Fabric”, New York Mc Graw Hill Book

Co.,1983.
2. “Cotton Spinning”, ATIRA Publication, Ahmedabad.
3. Aswani,K.T., ”Plain Weaving Motions”, Mahajan Book Publishers,1996.
4. Shenai,V.A., ”Fundamental Principles of Textile Processing”, Sevak Publisher
 TT-203A
TEXTILE FIBRE – I

L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
3 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 Hrs.
Note:
Nine questions will be set in the question paper i.e. two from each unit. The students
will be required to attempt one question from each unit. Question no. 1 is compulsory. It
is objective type 10 questions of multiple choices covering all the four units.

UNIT I
Fibre, textile fibre, Classification of textile fibres, Essential and desirable properties of
textile fibres,
Cotton - cultivation and harvesting Practices, ginning, grading, baling, Physical and
chemical properties of cotton fibre.

UNIT II
Cultivation, Production, morphological structure, physical and chemical properties and
end uses of: Flax, Jute and Ramie.

UNIT III
Production of silk (raw), Morphological structure of silk, chemical composition, physical
and chemical properties of silk, various varieties of silk with brief description.

Wool - Sheep rearing, wool shearing, grading baling, Morphological structure,

physical and chemical properties of wool.

UNIT IV
Polymer system, physical and chemical properties and application of various man-
made and regenerated fibres such as: viscose, polyester, polyamide, acrylic,
polypropylene, elastomeric fibres (Spandex).

Suggested Text Books & References:

1. Moncriff, W., “Textile Fibres”.

2. Murthy, H.V.S., “Textile Fibres”.
3. Morton, M. and Hearle, J.W.S., “Physical properties of Textile Fibres”,
Textile Institute, Manchester.
4. Marjoury Joseph, ‘Introduction of Textiles”.
 TT-205A
YARN MANUFACTURING-I
L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
3 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs
Note:
Nine questions will be set in the question paper i.e. two from each unit. The students
will be required to attempt one question from each unit. Question no. 1 is compulsory. It
is objective type 15 questions of multiple choice covering all the four units and 5 short
answer type questions.

UNIT-I
Mixing & Blending
Objectives of mixing and blending, Formulation of cotton mixing – scientific bale
management, Different Blending methods with their advantages and disadvantages,
Tinting & Application of additional spin finish for manmade fibres.

UNIT-II
Opening and Cleaning
Need for opening and cleaning, Objective of blowroom, Various types of opener and
cleaner – construction and working, Lap forming mechanism, Blow room accessories,
Selection of blow room line for different cotton and man-made fibres, Production and
cleaning efficiency level attainable in blowroom, Causes of lap defects and their
remedies, Modern developments in blowroom.

UNIT-III
Carding
Objective, Comparison of lap feed and flock feed system. Principle of carding,
stripping and brushing action, Design and construction of carding machine, Flexible
and metallic card clothing, Processing of man-made fibres on carding, Optimization
of process and machine parameters of carding, Autolevelling in card. Modern
developments in carding, Calculations pertaining to draft and production.

UNIT-IV
Drafting
Objective, Fundamental concept of Ideal drafting, Actual drafting, Working
principles of draw frame including constructional details, Weighting in draw frame,
Draft distribution, Different types of drafting roller arrangements, Relation between
drafting & doubling, Drafting irregularities, Autolevelling, modern developments in
draw-frame, Calculations pertaining to draft and production.

Suggested Text Books & References:

1. Klein, W., “Manual of Textile Technology: Vol. I. Technology of Short Staple
Spinning”, – Textile Institute, Manchester, 1998.
2. Klein, W., “Manual of Textile Technology: Vol. II. A practical Guide to
Blowroom & Carding”, – Textile Institute, Manchester, 2000.
3. Klein, W., “Manual of Textile Technology: Vol. III. A practical Guide to
Combing & Drawing”, – Textile Institute, Manchester, 1995.
4. Klein, W., “Manual of Textile Technology: Vol. VI. Manmade Fibres and their
Processing”, – Textile Institute, Manchester, 1994.
5. Oxtoby E, “Spun Yarn Technology”, Butterworths, London, 1987.
6. Salhotra, K.R.and Chattopadhayay (Eds.), R., “Course Material of Pilot
Programme on Spinning : Blowroom and Card”, NCUTE Publication, 1998.
7. Salhotra K R, “Spinning of Man Made Fibres and Blends on Cotton Spinning
System”,The Textile Association, Mumbai, 1989.
8. Foster G A R, “Manual of Cotton Spinning”, Vol. I –IV, The Textile Institute,
9. Manchester, 1958.
10. Khare A R, “Elements of Blowroom, Carding and Drawframe”, Sai book
Centre,
11. Mumbai,1999.
12. Zaloski, S., “The Institute of Textiles Technology USA series on Textile
Processing – Vol. I. Opening, Cleaning and Picking”.
13. Taggart, W., “Handbook of Cotton Spinning” Universal Publishing
Corporation, 1979.
14. Coulson (Ed.), A.F.W., “Manual of Cotton Spinning, Vol. I to IV”, Textile
Institute, Manchester, 1989.
15. Happey (Ed.), F., “Contemporary Textile Engineering”, Academic Press, New
York, 1981.
16. Lawrence C A, “Fundamental of Spun Yarn Technology” CRC Press,
USA,2003.
17. Booth J E, “Textile Mathematics”, Part II, Textile Institute, Manchester, 1978.
 TT-207A
FABRIC MANUFACTURING-I
L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
3 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs

Note:
Nine questions will be set in the question paper i.e. two from each unit. The students
will be required to attempt one question from each unit. Question no. 1 is compulsory. It
is objective type 15 questions of multiple choice covering all the four units and 5 short
answer type questions.

UNIT-1
Warp Winding
Object of warp winding, requirement of a good package, Basic features of a winding
machine, Yarn withdrawl-side withdrawl, overend withdrawl, yarn tensioner,
additive type tensioner, multiplicative type, combined type, yarn clearers, mechanical
yarn clearer, electronic yarn clearer, yarn faults, uster classimate yarn fault
measuring system, yarn rejoining techniques- knotting, splicing, classification of
splicing, pneumatic splicing, classification of winding machines, random winding
machine, principle, advantage and disadvantage of random winding, precision
winding, principle, advantage and disadvantage of precision winding, angle of wind,
coil angle, traverse ratio, coil pattern on the package, patterning and its remedy basic
features of automatic winding machines, stop motions in winding machine, types of
warp packages, types of package build calculation related to production and
efficiency,

Pirn Winding
Objectives, Difference between warp winding and weft winding, yarn path on pirn
winding machine, basic feature of pirn winding, difference in traverse mechanism in
warp and weft winding , calculation related to production and efficiency

UNIT-2
Warping
Object of warping process, classification of warping, creels used for warping process,
beam warping, calculation related to beam warping, sectional warping, beaming,
head stotck, relation between section height and cone angle, drum storage capacity,
calculations related to sectional warping, various controls on warping machines,
calculations related to production and efficiency

UNIT-3
Sizing
Objectives, stresses on warp yarn during weaving, classification of sizing process,
sizing parameters-size concentration, size percentage, size add-on, features of
conventional slasher sizing machine, creels for sizing process, size boxes, drying
section- single cylinder dryer and multi cylinder dryer, infrared dryers, head stock,
controls on sizing machine, sizing materials, size preparation. Starch, modification of
starch, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxyl methyl cellulose, acrylics, binders, lubricants and
other additives, sizing of spun yarns, sizing of filament yarn, developments in sizing,
single end sizing, cold and pre wet sizing, foam sizing, sinter roller sizing. Calculation
related to sizing parameters, production and efficiency

UNIT-4
Drawing-In
Object of drawing in, different types of heald wires, different types of drop wires,
reed, reed count, drawing in order of plain weave, drawing in order of twill weave,
drawing in order of satin weave, automation in drawing in, knotting and gaiting.
Calculation related to reed count, and drafting plan.

Suggested Text Books & References:

1. Talukdar, M.K., “An Introduction to Winding and Warping”, Textile

Trade Press, Mumbai.
2. Ajgaonkar, D.B., “Sizing, Materials, Methods and Machines”, Textile
Trade Press, Mumbai, 1982.
3. Banerjee, P.K., “Industrial Practices in Yarn winding”, NCUTE
Publication, 1999.
4. Ramsbottom, “Warp Sizing Mechanisms”, Columbia Press, Manchester,
1965.
5. Ormerod, A., “Modern Preparation and Weaving Machinery”,
Butterworths, 1983.
6. Aitken,”Automatic Weaving”, Columbia Press, Manchester, 1969.
7. Bennet, G.A., “An Introduction to Automatic Weaving”, Columbia Press,
Manchester, 1958.
8. Gorder, V and Volkov, P., “Cotton Weaving”, Mir Publications, Moscow,
1987.
9. Sengupta, R., “Yarn Preparation Vol.-I & II”, Mahajan Publishers,
Ahmedabad, 1970.
10. Singh, R.B.,”Modern Weaving Calculation, Vol-I Preparatory”, Mahajan
Book Distributor, Ahmedabad, 1994.
11. SITRA Report on Work Methods of Conewinder Tenters.
12. BTRA Report on Winding.
13. BTRA Report on Warping and sizing.
14. Lord and Mohemad,”Conversion of Yarn to Fabric”.
15. Hougton,” Hand Book of Cotton Warp Sizing”.
 TT-209A
TEXTILE CHEMICAL PROCESSING - I
L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
3 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs

Note:
Nine questions will be set in the question paper i.e. two from each unit. The students
will be required to attempt one question from each unit. Question nc o. 1 is compulsory.
It is objective type 15 questions of multiple choice covering all the four units and 5 short
answer type questions.

UNIT-1
Introduction: Sequence of chemical processing of textiles. Natural and added
impurities in textiles.
Preparatory Processes:
Singeing: Objective, types of singeing, details of various singeing methods with
advantages and disadvantages. Evaluation method. Singeing machines.
Desizing: Objective, types, method details and mechanism of removal of starch in
various methods. Efficiency of desizing.
Scouring: Objectives, mechanism of removal of impurities, recipe and controlling
parameters involved. Scouring of natural, manmade and blended textiles. Evaluation
of scouring efficiency. J-Box and kier machines.

UNIT-2
Bleaching: Objectives of bleaching. Hypochlorite, peroxide, chlorite and peracetic
acid bleaching methods and their mechanism of action. Controlling parameter
involved. Efficiency of bleaching.
Mercerization: Objectives, mechanism related to various physical and chemical
changes in cotton during mercerisation. Process parameters involved in each method.
Assessment of efficiency of mercerization: Barium activity number, its determination
and interpretation. Different types of Mercerising machines.
Heat setting: Objectives and mechanism of heat setting. Different methods of heat
setting and their effectivenes. Heat setting conditions and controls. Heat setting of
polyester, nylon, acetate and their blends. Evaluation of degree of heat setting.

UNIT-3
Dyeing of textiles: Dyeing technology of natural and manmade textiles with Direct,
Reactive, Vat, Insoluble Azoic, Sulphur, Solubilised vat, Acid, Metal-complex, Basic
and Disperse dyes.
Dyeing machineries: Loose fibre, yarn and package dyeing machines. Jigger, winch,
jet and HTHP beam dyeing m/cs. Padding mangles.
UNIT-IV
Wool Processing: Wool setting and milling. Mildew, rot and moth proofing of wool.
Silk Processing: Degumming, Silk Finishing: Weighting of silk and Scroop finish.
Suggested Text Books & References:

1. Shenai,V.A.,”Technology of Textile Processing Vol. 2,3,4,6 and 10”,Sevak

Publisher,Bombay.
2. Marsh,J.T.,”Mercerising”,Chapman Publication,London.
3. Marsh,J.T.,”An Introduction to Textile Finishing”,Chapman
Publication,London.
4. Trotman,E.R.,”Textile Technology and Dyeing of Textile Fibres”,Griffin
Publication,London.
5. Shenai,V.A.,”Principle and practice of Dyeing”,Sevak Publisher,Bombay.
6. Shenai,V.A.,”Fundarmentals of Principles of Textile Wet
processing”,Sevak Publisher,Bombay.
7. Datye,K.V.and Vaidya,A.A.,”Chemical processing of Synthetic Fibres and
Blends”,Wiley Publication,New York.
8. Peter,R.H.,”Textile Chemistry Vol.2”,Elsevier Publishing London.
9. Marsh,J.T.”Textile Science”,Chapman London.
10. Garde,A.R.and Modi,”Chemical Processing of Cotton and polyester
Blend”,ATIRA.Ahmadabad.
11. “Wet processing”,ATTA Set,Textile Association of India.
12. Prayag.C.R.,”Dyeing of silk and Manmade Fibre”.
13. Prayag,C.R.,”Bleaching,Mercerising and Dyeing of Cotton”.
 TT-211A
INTRODUCTION TO TEXTILES CASE STUDY

L T P Practical/viva: 25 marks
- - 3 Sessional: 25 marks
Total: 50 marks

Duration of Exam: 3Hrs

Guidelines for Case Study

1. A report on organized Mill sector comprising its advantage, disadvantage and
function.
2. A comprehensive description of the decentralized Sector.
3. A report on the Textile Technology based Handloom, power loom, Garment,
Natural Fiber and Synthetic Fiber.
4. A graphic account on Production Quality.
5. Give a brief description of the difference phases of Textile industry in the
wake of WTO.
6. Point out the advantage and disadvantage of Textile Industry borne in mind
the accelerated growth of textile techniques in the global market.
7. An essay on Research and Technical support provided by the Indian
government to Textile Industry.
8. Elaborate the process of conversion of fiber to fabric.
9. Write down the importance of Quality Expectations pertaining to yarn fabric
and
Garment.
10. Describe the various techniques employed in knitting weaving and production
of
Composite fabric.

Sources
1. DU Library
2. National Library, N. Delhi
3. IIT Library, N. Delhi
4. Internet Surfing
5. PITE Library
6. Visit to Industry

Note: Students have to select two topics from above list and study extensively on it.
Then a report is formed which will be evaluated.
 TT-213A
TEXTILE FIBRE - I LAB

L T P Practical/viva: 25 marks
- - 3 Sessional: 25 marks
Total: 50 marks

Duration of Exam: 3 Hrs

1. Identification of Cotton / Silk / Wool / Jute / Others Fibres using relevant

instrument by physical methods.
2. Identification of Cotton / Silk / Wool / Jute / Others Fibres using relevant
instrument by Chemical Methods.
3. Identification of Man made Fibres by Physical Methods
4. Identification of Man made Fibres by Chemical Methods.
5. Study and determine the TRASH contamination in the raw materials namely
cotton.
6. Identification of different type of Dyes and Finishes from application
technique & properties point of view.
7. A report on the sourcing & procurement of the textile raw material.
8. Prepare a cost comparison statement of at least
(a) six fibres
(b) six dyes
(c) six textile auxiliaries
(d) six chemicals.
9. Determination of Moisture Content & Moisture Regain of Material.
10. Determination of vegetable matter content, wax & Greece content of wool by
Soxhlet method.
11. Determination of fiber length properties of cotton by using Comb Sorter &
compare with the manual grading from ginning.
12. Determination % of medullation of wool using projection microscope.
13. Study the longitudinal & cross-sectional view of fiber.

Note: The above experiment should be conducted and shall be decided on factors like:
1. Facilities installed at Institute
2. Accessibility to industry & nearby institute like IIT Delhi, NITRA
Ghaziabad, Textile Committee and NITRA Panipat.
3. Trend of technological developments in National & International
perspective.
 TT-215A
YARN MANUFACTURING-I LAB

L TP Practical/viva: 50 marks
- - 3 Sessional: 25 marks
Total: 75 marks
Duration of Exam: 3 Hrs

Mixing

1. To study the different techniques of Mixing and Blending.

Opening & Cleaning

2. Study of general outline of opener and clearer machine employed in a

modern Blowroom line.

3. Calculation of speeds of different machine parts for Cotton and Synthetic

fibres, Blow/inch of Kirschner beater, Production calculation of blow
room.

Carding

4. To illustrate the working principle of carding machine.

5. To study the change places and speed of different parts of a carding
machine for Cotton and Synthetic fibres.
6. Calculation of the speed, individual draft & total draft and production of
carding machine.

Drawframe

7. To study the working principle and important settings of drawframe

machine.
8. Calculation of the total draft and its distribution in draw frame machine.
9. Study of drafting arrangement and top roller weighting system of draw
frame machine.

Note: The above experiment should be conducted and shall be decided on factors like:
1. Facilities installed at Institute
2. Accessibility to industry & nearby institute like IIT Delhi, NITRA
Ghaziabad, Textile Committee and NITRA Panipat.
3. Trend of technological developments in National & International
perspective.
 TT-217A
FABRIC MANUFACTURING-I LAB

L TP Practical/viva: 50 marks
- - 3 Sessional: 25 marks
Total: 75 marks

Duration of Exam: 3 Hrs

Winding
1. To show different types of winders for single and Ply Yarn Final Packages.
2. Specification for all count range and material range, functions of all parts.
3. Cheese windings-Need and working.
4. To show the difference in packages needed for warping machines.

Warping
5. To show different type of warping machines used for different type of
material and quality of fabric to be prepared. Functions of all parts.

Pirn Winding
6. To show working, functions of different types of Pirn Winding Machine.
7. Difference between cone winding and pirn winding.

Sizing
8. To show working explaining functions of different parts.
9. Different types of sizing materials used for different fibers.

Drawing In
10. To show different type of machines and use for different fabric design.

Calculation
11. To demonstrate actual use of weaving calculations in day-to-day use in
different machines.

Note: The above experiment should be conducted and shall be decided on factors like:
1. Facilities installed at Institute
2. Accessibility to industry & nearby institute like IIT Delhi, NITRA
Ghaziabad, Textile Committee and NITRA Panipat.
3. Trend of technological developments in National & International
perspective.
 TT-219A
TEXTILE CHEMICAL PROCESSING- I LAB
L T P Practical/viva: 50 marks
- - 3 Sessional: 25 marks
Total: 75 marks

Duration of Exam: 3 Hrs

1. Desizing of cotton fabric using various types of desizing agents.

2. Scouring of Natural fibre in the form of yarn and fabric and find the
scouring loss.
3. Scouring of Polyester/ Cotton /Blends and Wool.
4. Degumming of Silk and calculation of weight loss percentage.
5. Bleaching of Natural fibre namely Cotton, jute with
(a) Hyperchloride Bleaching
(b) Peroxide Bleaching
6. Bleaching of Polyester /Cotton Blend.
7. Determination the pH value of a given material.
8. Determination of transmittance, absorbance and concentration of given
dye liquor by visible spectrophotometer.
9. Dyeing of cotton yarn with direct dyes, reactive dyes and basic dyes
10. Dyeing of wool with direct dyes, basic dyes, and acid dyes.
11. Method of mordanting in respect of application of different fibre.
12. Extraction method of color from different color dyes.
13. Study the mechanical finishing and understand the mechanism of
mechanical finishing.
14. Understand the color difference in AATCC grey scale (1-5) between
standard and batches
(I) Manully with the comparison of grey scale, and
(II) by computer color matching machine
and interpretation of color sprectograph.
15. Print Different Material with relevant methods and style.
16. To do finishing of all type of materials using different chemicals and
methods.
17. Effect to Heat Setting on Synthetic Materials.
18. To conduct practicals as per latest technology/material.

Note: The above experiment should be conducted and shall be decided on factors like:
1. Facilities installed at Institute
2. Accessibility to industry & nearby institute like IIT Delhi, NITRA
Gaziabad, Textile Committee and NITRA Panipat.
3. Trend of technological developments in National & International
perspective.
 4th Semester Syllabus

TT-202A
YARN MANUFACTURING-II
L T P Sessional : 50 Marks
3 1 - Exam :100 Marks
Total:150 Marks
Time : 3 hrs
Note :
Nine questions will be set in the question paper i.e. two from each unit. The students
will be required to attempt one question from each unit. Question no. 1 is compulsory. It
is objective type 15 questions of multiple choice covering all the four units and 5 short
answer type questions.

UNIT-I
Combing
Objective, Different combing preparatory process for lap preparation – Sliver lap,
Ribbon lap and Unilap machine, Different types of comber, Combing cycle of
rectilinear cotton comber, Timing diagram for combing operation, Configuration of
fibre feed and its effect on quality of product, noil percentage and fractionation
efficiency of comber, Influence of type of feed on noil extraction and cleanliness of
sliver, Calculation pertaining to draft, production and noil percentage.

UNIT-II
Speed frame
Objective, Working principle of speed frame, Construction and working of important
parts, Mechanism of drafting, twisting and winding, Basic principle of designing of
cone drum, Differential motions & Building motions, Common defects in roving
packages, their causes and remedies, Processing of man-made fibres on speed frame ,
Recent development in speed frame. Calculations pertaining to draft, TPI and
production, twist multiplier and roving twist.

UNIT-III
Ring frame
Objective, Principle and mechanism involved in drafting, twisting and winding,
Ordinary and high draft systems, Rising and falling lappets, balloon control rings,
Design and types of spindle, ring and traveler, Concept of twist multiplier and yarn
contraction due to twisting, types of builds, Mechanism of package formation, Causes
and remedies to control end breaks, Recent developments in ring frame, Concept
of average mill count and 20’s conversion.
UNIT-IV
Doubling
Objective and terminology, Requirement of feed package for yarn plying, Systems of
doubling (dry &wet) study of ring doublers, Two for one twister (TFO)- objective &
working principle, Calculation of draft, TPI and production of ring frame &
doubling frame.

Suggested Text Books and References:

1. Klein, W., “Manual of Textile Technology: Vol. I. Technology of Short

Staple Spinning”, – Textile Institute, Manchester, 1998.
2. Klein, W., “Manual of Textile Technology: Vol. III. A practical Guide to
Combing & Drawing”, – Textile Institute, Manchester, 1995.
3. Klein, W., “Manual of Textile Technology: Vol. IV. A practical Guide to
Ring Spinning”, – Textile Institute, Manchester, 1995.
4. Klein, W., “Manual of Textile Technology: Vol. VI. Manmade Fibres and
their Processing”, – Textile Institute, Manchester, 1994.
5. Salhotra K R, “Spinning of Man Made Fibres and Blends on Cotton
Spinning System”,The Textile Association, Mumbai, 1989.
6. Salhotra, K.R., Alagirusamy, R. and Chattopadhayay (Eds.), R., “Course
Material of Pilot Programme on Spinning: Ring Spinning, Doubling and
Twisting”, NCUTE Publication, 2000.
7. Chattopadhyay, R., and Rengasamy(Eds.), R., “Course Pilot Programme
on Spinning: Drawing Combing and Roving”, NCUTE Publication, 1999..
8. Oxtoby, E. “Spun Yarn Technology”. Butterworths, London.
9. Khare A R, “Elements of Combing”, Sai book center, Mumbai, 1999.
10. Khare A R “Elements of Ring Frame and Doubling”, Sai book Centre,
Mumbai, 1999.
11. Lawrence C A, “Fundamental of Spun Yarn Technology” CRC Press,
USA,2003.
12. Booth J E, “Textile Mathematics”, Part II, Textile Institute, Manchester,
1978.
 TT-204A
FABRIC MANUFACTURING – II

L T P
3 1 - Sessional: 50 Marks
Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3Hrs
Note :
Nine questions will be set in the question paper i.e. two from each unit. The students
will be required to attempt one question from each unit. Question no. 1 is compulsory. It
is objective type 15 questions of multiple choice covering all the four units and 5 short
answer type questions.

UNIT-I
Basic Concepts
General loom elements, classification of looms, primary motions of loom.
Tappet shedding
Negative tappet shedding, eccentric motion of shedding, designing of a shedding
tappet, movements of healds, geometry of warp shed, calculation of the stroke of
shedding tappet, Possitive tappet shedding- link mechanism,
Heald reversing motion,shedding motion principles-open shed, closed shed, semi open
shed,Loom timing diagram, early shedding, late shedding,split sheddingor
stragerring of shed, Assymetric shedding, lease rods, back rest, effect of shed timing
and back rest settings on properties of fabrics.

Shuttle Picking
Function of picking, essential features of good picking, over picking, under picking-
cone under picking mechanism, disadvantages of shuttle picking, Shuttle box and
shuttle checking device.
velocity and acceleration of picking elements, energy consumed, power of picking
Factors affecting the initial speed of shuttle, nominal movement of shuttle, theory of
picking, picking cams- linear cam, parabolic cam, Factors affecting retardation of
shuttle, Weft tension during propulsion and retardation of shuttle.

Beating
Function of beating. Kinematics of sley, sley eccentricity ratio, reed drive by matched
cams, accelerating force on sley, mechanics of beat up, relation between cloth fell
position and beat up force, relation between pick spacing and beat up force, relation
between cloth fell position and pick spcacing, bumping of loom, effect of yarn
irregularity on pick spacing,

UNIT-II
Secondary and auxillary motions of loom,
Secondary motion
Take up motion- negative take up, positive take up, five wheel take up motion, seven
wheel take up motion, electronic take up.
Let Off Motion:
Objective, negative let off motion, positive let off motion- basic requirements, tension
control mechanism, electrical let off motion, warp tension variation.

Auxilliary motions of loom,

Objective, classification
Weft Stop motion: objective, side weft fork motion, centre weft fork motion
Warp Stop motion: objective, mechanical warp stop motion, electrical warp stop
motion,
Warp Protecting motion: objective, loose reed warp protecting motion, fast reed
warp protecting motion, electromagnetic warp protecting motion.

Unit III
Automatic looms- basic features, advantages over plain looms, classification of
automatic looms, weft feeling mechanism, mechanical weft feeler, electronic weft
feeler, optical weft feeler, pirn changing mechanism, shuttle changing mechanism,
bobbin loader mechanism.

Weft mixing motion, Mutiple box motion,4X1 drop box motion, preparation of
pattern cards, pick at will motion.

Unit IV
Dobby Shedding
Main parts of dobby loom, types of Dobby, negative dobby, single, double lift single
jack dobby, double lift double jack dobby, design and peg plan for dobbies, positive
dobby, electronic dobby, types of shed formed in dobby

Jacquard Shedding:
Principle parts of jacquard machine, types of jacquard, types of shed formed in
jacquard, single lift single cylinder jacquard, double lift single cylinder jacquard,
double lift double cylinder jacquard, harness building, harness ties, design ties, card
cutting, card lacing

Suggested Text Books & References

1. Marks and Robinson,”Principles of Weaving”.Textile
Institute,Manchester,1986.
2. Thomas fox,”Mechanism of Weaving”,Bombay Universal Publishing Co,1993.
3. Lord and Mohemad,”Conversion of Yarn to Fabric”,Merrow Publishing
Co.Ltd, England,1988.
4. Aswani,K.T.,”Plain Weaving Mechanism”,Mahajan
Publishers,Ahmedabad,1996.
5. Aswani,K.T.,”Fancy Weaving Mechanism”,Mahajan
Publisher,Ahmedabad,1990.
6. Sengupta,R.,”Weaving Calculations”,Taraporwala Sons,Bombay 1990.
7. Banerjee,N.N.,”Weaving Mechanism Vol,-I & Vol.II”,West Bengal,1994.
8. Rai,Hasmukh,”Fabric Forming”,S.S.M.Institute,Kuomarapalyam Tamil
Nadu,1996.
9. Talukdar,M.K.,”Modern Weaving Technology”,NICTAS,Ahmedabad,1998.
10. Rapier Looms,WIRA Research & Technical Service Manual for industry.
11. Kharwani,P.A.,”Weaving I shuttle looms”,NCUTE Publication,1999.
12. Khatwani,P.A.,”Weaving II Shuttleless Looms”,NCUTE Publication,1999.
13. Khatwani,P.A.”Filament Weaving”,NCUTE Publication,2000.
 TT-206A
TEXTILE CHEMICAL PROCESSING - II
L T P
3 1 - Sessional: 50 marks
Exam: 100 marks
Total: 150 marks
Time: 3Hrs
Note:
Nine questions will be set in the question paper i.e. two from each unit. The students
will be required to attempt one question from each unit. Question no. 1 is compulsory. It
is objective type 15 questions of multiple choice covering all the four units and 5 short
answer type questions.

UNIT-1
Printing: Introduction to printing methods Block, screen and roller printing.
Advantages and disadvantages of each method. Various styles of printing like Direct,
Discharge and Resist styles on natural, man-made and blended textiles. Ingredients of
print paste with their details. Classification and mechanism of working of thickeners.
Transfer Printing: Types, mechanism of transfer printing and machineries.
Pigment Printing: Mechanism and recipe details of pigment printing.

UNIT-2
Finishing:
Mechanical Finishes: Calendaring - its types, construction and function of various
calendaring m/cs. Sanforizing - method, mechanism and machineries involved.
Sueding /raising, Napping and Shearing finishes. Foam finishing technology.
Chemical Finishes: Problem of creasing, anti-crease finish on cotton. Drawback and
advantages associated with use of various anti-crease chemicals. Water repellency
and water repellent finishes on cotton. Evaluation of water repellency. Flame
proofing and its evaluation. Softeners and their application.

UNIT-3
Developments in preparatory and dyeing: Continuous pre-treatment and Continuous
dyeing. Mass coloration principle, technology and different methods. Problems in
dyeing and their solutions. Tie and dye, Batik printing.

UNIT-4
Identification of dye on dyed natural and manmade textiles.
Ecofriendly processing and Effluent generated from textile processing and its
treatment.
Fastness properties: Light fastness, Rubbing fastness, Sublimation fastness,
Perspiration fastness, Washing fastness properties evaluation.
Suggested Text Books and References
1. Shenai, V.A., “Technology of Textile Processing Vol. 2,3,4,6, and 10”, Sevak
Publisher, Bombay.
2. Marsh, J.T., “Mercerising”, Chapman Publication, London.
3. Marsh, J.T., “An Introduction to Textile Finishing”, Chapman Publication,
London.
4. Trotman, E.R. “Textile Technology and Dyeing of Textile Fibres”. Griffin
Publication, London.
5. Shenai, V.A. “Principle and Practice of Dyeing”, Sevak Publisher, Bombay.
6. Shenai, V.A. “Fundamentals of Principles of Textile Wet Processing”, Sevak
Publisher, Bombay.
7. Datye, K.V. and Vaidya, A.A., “Chemical Processing of Synthetic Fibres and
Blends”, Wiley Publication, New York
8. Peter, R.H., “Textile Chemistry Vol. 2”, Elsevier Publishing, London.
9. Marsh, J.T., “Textile Science”, Chapman, London
10. Garde, A.R. and Modi, “Chemical Processing of Cotton and Polyester Blend”,
ATIRA, Ahmedabad.
11. Prayag, C.R., “Dyeing of Sild and Manmade Fibre”.
12. Prayag, C.R., “Bleaching, Mercerising and Dyeing of Cotton”.
13. Vankar, Padma, “Textile Effluents”, NCUTE Publication, 2001
 TT-208A
TEXTILE TESTING -I

L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
3 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs
Note :
Nine questions will be set in the question paper i.e. two from each unit. The students
will be required to attempt one question from each unit. Question no. 1 is compulsory. It
is objective type 15 questions of multiple choice covering all the four units and 5 short
answer type questions.

Unit I:
Sampling Methods and Moisture Calculation
Introduction of textile testing, Reason for Testing, standardization of testing,
sampling, sampling techniques, square, cut square, zoning technique, Routine
sampling techniques used in the textile industry
Moisture: - effect of moisture or physical properties regain and content, correct
invoice wt, Atmospheric conditions for testing, Control of testing room atmosphere,
moisture regain & moisture content, importance of moisture in textiles, measurement
of moisture regain & content, effect of moisture on properties (physical &
mechanical) of textile material, factors affecting the regain, shriley moisture meter.

Unit II:
Cotton Fibre Testing
Fibre Dimension: fibre fineness, fineness measurement, fibre length, method of
measurement: direct method high volume instrument, advance fibre information
system Grading of cotton fibre with respect to staple length, laboratory measurement
of fibre length, span length,Baer sorter, servo fibro graph, maturity coefficient
measurement by NaOH method, fibre fineness by airflow meter. Fibre bundle
strength by Pressley, stelometer, determination of trash content: Shirley trash
analyzer.
Fibre quality index, salient features of HVI, AFIS, Nep count.
Wrapping test for lap, sliver and roving.

Unit III:
Yarn Evenness Testing
Yarn testing, Linear density,
Yarn numbering systems, conversion methods, and measurement of yarn number.
Twist, classification of twist, twist measurement, Twist, Measurement of twist in
continuous filament spun and plied yarns.
Evenness testing of yarns. Nature and causes of irregularities, principles and methods
of evenness testing: evaluation and interpretation of evenness measurements.
Measurement of sliver and yarn unevenness, Capacitative and optical principle of
measuring unevenness, salient features of Uster evenness tester, yarn imperfections and
classimat yarn faults.
Unit IV:
Yarn Tensile Testing
Strength and elongation test, Definition, force- elongation curve, Factor affecting
tensile testing, Fibre strength and Yarn strength.
Various terms related to tensile testing, stress-strain curve, various methods for finding
the yield point, Application of tensile force by CRL, CRE and CRT method, various
principles (pendulum lever, balance principle, inclined plane, strain gauge principle, etc)
to apply tensile load on textile specimen.
Yarn testing machines- single yarn strength tester, Uster, Instron testing machine, lea
strength testing.
Hairiness: Determination of yarn hairiness.

Suggested Text Books & References:

1. Booth, J.E., “Principles of Textile Testing”, Butterworths, London

2. Quality control and testing management by Dr. V.K. Kothari
3. Slater, “Textile Progress – Physical Testing and Quality Control”, Textile
Institute, Manchester
4. “Handbook of Methods of Tests for Cotton Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics”,
CTRL, Bombay
5. “Cotton Assessment and Appreciation”, SITRA Report, Coimbatore.
6. Savile, B.P.,” Physical testing of textiles”
7. Grover, E. and Hamby, D.S., “Handbook of Textile Testing and Quality
Control”, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 1969
 TT-210A
TEXTILE FIBRE - II

Sessional: 50 marks
Exam : 100 marks

L T P Total : 150 marks

3 1 - Time : 3 Hrs

Note :
Nine questions will be set in the question paper i.e. two from each unit. The students
will be required to attempt one question from each unit. Question no. 1 is compulsory. It
is objective type 15 questions of multiple choice covering all the four units.

UNIT-I
Polymerization:
Introduction of polymerization, monomer, oligomer, comonomer, polymer,
classification of polymers, homopolymers and copolymers, Thermo sets , Thermoplastic,
Elastomers , Tg, Tm, Polymerization techniques- bulk polymerization, solution
polymerization, suspension polymerization and emulsion polymerization, New
polymerization techniques-Gas Phase polymerization, Polymerization mechanisms
addition polymerization, condensation polymerization. Criteria for fibre forming
polymers

UNIT-II
Polymerization of different fibers:
Polymerization of polyester by DMT and TPA route, Polymerization of Nylon-6 and
Nylon-6,6
Polymerization of polyacrylonitrile by suspension and solution polymerization,
polymerization of polypropylene by suspension and gas phase polymerization.

UNIT-III
Melt Spinning:
Melt Spinning Line and its equipment, cooling system, General principle of spinning,
fluid flow through a capillary, die-swell effect, melt extrusion, spinning conditions
such as spinneret size, rate of extrusion, spinning stretch and its effect on filament
structure and properties with reference to polyester, polyamide and polypropylene
fibers

UNIT-IV
Solution Spinning:
Solution Spinning, Classification of solution spinning-dry spinning, wet spinning, dry
jet wet spinning, wet and dry spinning of viscose and acrylic fiber, effect of spinning
variables on structure and properties in gel and final final fibers, high shrinkage
acrylic fiber. Drawing and heat setting.

Suggested Text Books & References:

1. Gupta, V.B. & Kothari, V.K.,”Manufactured Fibre Technology”.

Chapman & Hall, London, 1977
2. Mukhopadhyay, S. “Advances in Fibre science”, Textile institute,
Manchester.
3. Deopura, B.L., “Course Material of Pilot Programme on Manmade
Fibres”, NCUTE Publication, 1999.
4. Mishra, S.P., “A Textbook of Fibre Science & Technology’’, New Age
International Publishers, New Delhi, 1999.
5. Pajart & Oldrich “Textile Science & Technology- Processing of Polyester
Fibres”, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 1979.
6. Robinson. J.S., “Spinning & Extruding of Fibres”.
7. Pattabhiram, T.K., “Spinning Fundamentals of Manmade Fibres”,
Mahajan Publishing Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad, 1996.
 TT-212A
YARN MANUFACTURING-II LAB

L T P Practical/viva: 25 marks
- - 3 Sessional: 25 marks
Total: 50 marks
Duration of Exam: 3 Hrs

Combing

1. To the study the different methods of lap formation in combing

preparatory.
2. To study the combing cycle of a rectilinear cotton comber.

Speedframe

3. To study the drafting, twisting and winding zone of speed frame.

4. To study the building motion in speed frame.
5. To study the differential motion of speed frame and calculation of bobbin
speed.
6. Calculation of break draft constant, draft constant and twist constant and
production of speed frame.

Ringframe

7. To demonstrate the working principle of a ringframe.

8. To study the different components of drafting system and twisting system.
9. Calculation pertaining to gearing, speed, constant, draft and production.

Note: The above experiment should be conducted and shall be decided on factors like:
a) Facilities installed at Institute
b) Accessibility to industry & nearby institute like IIT Delhi, NITRA
Gaziabad, Textile Committee and NITRA Panipat.
c) Trend of technological developments in National & International
perspective.
 TT-214A
FABRIC MANUFACTURING-II LAB
L T P Practical/viva: 25 marks
- - 3 Sessional: 25 marks
Total: 50 marks

Duration of Exam: 3 Hrs

Basic Concept
1. To show actual working of all motions of simple loom & with multiple boxes.

Automatic Loom
2. To show and compare all mechanisms of automatic loom with plan loom.

Introduction to Dobby, Jacquard and Terry Weaving

3. To show all type of mechanisms (Mechanical/Electronic) used for producing
fabrics with different structures & designs.

Principles of Weft Insertion

4. To show all latest weft insertion methods -difference, comparison, need.

Shuttleless Looms
5. To show actual working of all latest looms- Advantages, Comparison.

Special Weaves
6. To analyze all type of weaving fabrics with different weaves.

Weaving Calculations
7. To do all types of calculations needed for all type of weaving machines.

Note: The above experiment should be conducted and shall be decided on factors like:
1. Facilities installed at Institute
2. Accessibility to industry & nearby institute like IIT Delhi, NITRA
Gaziabad, Textile Committee and NITRA Panipat.
3. Trend of technological developments in National & International
perspective.
 TT-216A
TEXTILE CHEMICAL PROCESSING – II LAB
L T P Practical/viva: 25 marks
- - 3 Sessional: 25 marks
Total: 50 marks

Duration of Exam: 3 Hrs

1. Conduct practicals on Conventional and latest machines (Preparatory /

dying / Finishing).
2. Conduct practicals on Recent developed methods of dyeing using different
type of dyes
(a) Natural
(b) Synthetic
(c) Blends
3. Dyeing of cotton yarn with vat, reactive and sulphur in a sample pot
dyeing machine.
4. Dyeing of cotton fabric with vat, reactive and sulphur dyes in laboratory
jigger machine.
5. Calibration of dyeing and recipe prediction with the help of CCM.
6. Study of fastness to washing and rubbing with the help of CCM.
7. Reproduction of shade with the aid of computer as well as visual methods.
8. Printing with kerosene and synthetic based thickeners. Evaluate the
printing with qualitative and quantitative methods on different materials.
9. Conduct practical with transfer printing technique on different materials.
10. Compare the solvent dyeing and solvent assisted dyeing on a chosen piece
of material.
11. Quantitative analysis of different textile blends in fibre, yarn and fabric
form.

Note: The above experiment should be conducted and shall be decided on factors like:
1. Facilities installed at Institute
2. Accessibility to industry & nearby institute like IIT Delhi, NITRA
Gaziabad, Textile Committee and NITRA Panipat.
3. Trend of technological developments in National & International
perspective.
 TT-218A
TEXTILE TESTING - I LAB
L T P Practical/viva: 25 marks
- - 3 Sessional: 25 marks
Total: 50 marks
Time: 3 hours

8. To determine moisture parameters of the fibers.

9. To determine the staple length of Natural Fibers.
10. To determine the fineness of Natural Fibers.
11. To determine the maturity of the Fibers.
12. To find the strength and elongation of Natural, Manmade& synthetic fiber.
13. To determine the linear density of fibers.
14. To determine the spin finish percentage in man made fibers.
15. To determine blend percent of the material.
16. To determine the linear density of a given Yarn.
17. To determine the twist per inch of the yarn.
18. To determine the hairiness of the yarn.
19. To determine the strength& elongation of a given Yarn.
20. To determine the count strength product of the yarn.
21. To determine the hairiness of the given yarn.

Note: The above experiment should be conducted and shall be decided on factors like:
1. Facilities installed at Institute
2. Accessibility to industry & nearby institute like IIT Delhi, NITRA
Gaziabad, Textile Committee and NITRA Panipat.
3. Trend of technological developments in National & International
perspective.
 5th Semester Syllabus
TT-301A
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF FIBRES
L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
4 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 Hrs.
Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions
from
each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required
to
attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.

UNIT-1
Structure of fibres
Morphology and order in fibre structure, concept and theories of orientation,
crystallization and its measurement technique such as X-ray.
Chemical and physical structure of fibres such as wool, silk, cotton and bast fibre and
man- made fibre such as Nylon, PET, Acrylic and Viscose.

UNIT-2
Mechanical properties
Theory of load-elongation curve, stress-strain curve, modulus, elasticity and visco
elasticity, work of rupture/toughness, yield point, creep and stress relaxation
behavior of fibres and simple spring and dash pot models simulating textile fibers.
Frictional properties of fibers
Nature and measurements.

UNIT-3
Moisture properties
Relation between moisture regain and relative humidity, hysteresis, absorption in
fibers, diffusion theories of moisture absorption-general view, diffusion of moisture,
quantitatative analysis of moisture absorption, swelling.
Optical properties of fibers
Refractive index and polarization of light, birefringence and its measurement.

UNIT-4
Thermal properties
Molecular motion and transition phenomenon, thermal expansion behaviour, first
order and second order transition phenomenon.
Electrical properties
Introduction to electrical properties such as dielectric properties such as electric
properties and static charge generation
Suggested Text Books and References
1. Morton W E and Hearle J W S, “Physical Properties of Textile Fibres”, The
Textile Institute, Manchester(1993)
2. Meredith R, “The mechanical properties of Textile Fibres”, North Holland
co; Amsterdam(1959).
 TT-303A
YARN MANUFACTURING-III
L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
4 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs
Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions
from each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required
to attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.
UNIT-I
Forces acting on yarn and traveler during spinning, spinning tension in ring frame,
Theory of yarn balloon, Limitations of ring spinning systems, modern developments
in ring frame, Introduction to open-end spinning, Comparison of ring frame with
other modern spinning technologies.
UNIT-II
Rotor Spinning: Principle of yarn formation, machine parameters, effect of machine
variables and fibre properties on the rotor yarn property, raw material requirement
and preparation, The opening unit, Yarn formation: Fibre flow into the rotor,
Formation of the yarn, The false twist effect, wrapping fibres. The Rotor groove,
Rotor diameter, Combination of rotor dia, & rotor groove. Back doubling, Rotor
revolutions, cleaning the rotor. Yarn withdrawal and winding: The direction of
withdrawal, the naval, Withdrawal tube, Requirement for the package, Economic
aspects of rotor spinning, Structure and properties of different types of yarns, end
uses of rotor yarns.

UNIT-III
Friction spinning : Operating principle, Technological interrelationship,
Advantages & disadvantages Dref-2 process & DREF-3 process :Operating principle
,use of raw material, Study of electrostatic, air-vortex spinning, mechanism of yarn
formation, properties and end uses of yarn spun on these systems.
The false-twist process: generation of false twist, Forming a yarn with the aid
of false twist spinning elements. Murata Jet spinner: operating principle, Raw
material requirements, Yarn Characteristics and end uses.
UNIT-IV
Comparative analysis of yarn structure, properties and their end use application
produced from rotor, air-jet, friction techniques viz a viz ring spun yarn.
Compact Spinning: principle, different methods of fibre compacting, properties of
yarn.
Production of fancy yarn & uses
Production of Industrial yarn- Sewing thread.

Suggested Text Books and References

1. Klein. W., “ Manual of Textile Technology”, ‘Short Staple Spinning Series’,
Vol. 1 to 5. --- Textile Institute. Manchester.
2. Chattopadhyay, R., “Advances in Technology of Yarn Production, 1st Ed.,
NCUTE, IIT Delhi (2002).
3. Oxtoby, E., Spun Yarn technology.
4. Khare A. R., “Elements of Ringframe and Doubling”, Sai Book
Centre,Mumbai.
 TT-305A
FABRIC MANUFACTURING-III

L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
4 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs
Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions
from each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required
to attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.
Unit I:
Introduction to Shuttleless Weaving. Advantages of Shuttleless weaving, comparison
with shuttle weaving. Features of unconventional weaving. Different Selvedge:
Tucked-in, Leno, fused, Stitched. Their mechanism of formation, their characteristics
and uses. Weft Accumulator.
Projectile weaving Machine: Basic principle of projectile weaving. Feeding of yarn to
projectile. Sequence of weft insertion. Cam driven shedding, Dwelling Sley beat-up,
Torsion bar picking. Energy utilization during picking.
Unit II:
Rapier Weaving Machine: Classification based on type of rapier, system of weft
insertion and number of rapiers. Sequence of weft insertion for Gabler and Dewas
system, their comparison. Driving of flexible and rigid rapiers. Asynchronized rapier
timing. Rapier buckling.
Air Jet Weaving Machine: Principle of weft insertion. Air requirements. Path of the
yarn on loom. Sequence of weft insertion. Control of air stream by relay nozzle,
confuser profile reed and suction. Design of air jet nozzle. Air drag force, factors
affecting drag force.

Unit III
Water Jet Weaving Machine: Principle of weft insertion. Path of the yarn on loom.
Quality of water required. Sequence of weft insertion. Water jet nozzle. Merits and
demerits of water jet weaving. Fabric drying on loom.
Multiphase Weaving: Principle of multiphase weaving. Warp way and weft way
multiphase looms. Circular loom.
Positive Let-off: Hunt’s let-off, electronic let-off.
Positive Continuous Take-up: Sulzer take-up and Shirley take-up.
Unit IV
Nonwoven: Definition and classification. Fiber properties requirements. Parallel laid,
cross laid, aerodynamic, wet laid and Spunbonded technique of web formation. Web
bonding techniques: Needle punching, Spunlace, Spunbond, Meltblown Thermal
bond and Chemical bonding. Application of various non woven fabrics.

Suggested Text Books and References

1. Talukdar , M.,”Weaving Mechanism ,Management”, Mahajan Publisher,
Ahmedabad.
2. Adanur, S. “Weaving Technology”.
3. Swaty,”Shuttleless Weaving”.
4. Madhavamurthy, “Nonwoven”
 TT-307A
FABRIC STRUCTURE & DESIGN
L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
4 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs

Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions
from each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required
to attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.

UNIT –I
Elements of Colour:-physical basis of color, light and color phenomenon,
complementary colors and color measurements, attributes of primary and secondary
color, color contrast and color harmony, application of color.

UNIT - II
Basic concepts of fabric structure, importance of fabric structure, classification of
fabrics, notation of weave, weave repeat unit, drafting plan, construction of draft and
lifting plans, peg plan and denting.

Simple Weaves
Plain weave and derivatives-basket, rib, repp
Twill weave and derivatives- zig-zag, herringbone, broken, steep, elongated; effect of
twist on prominency of twill lines
Fabric set calculation
Yarn and cloth relationships-GSM Calculation

UNIT – III
Simple Weaves contd.
Sateen & Satins.

Crepe weaves, Mock-leno, Cork screw, Honey-comb, Huck-a-back, Bed ford cord,
Welt and pique fabrics, Extra warp and weft figuring

UNIT -IV
Backed Cloth, Double cloth, multi-layers fabric, belting structures, label weaving-
narrow fabric, velvet and velveteen.

Suggested Text Books and References

1. Watson’s Textile Design and Colour : Elementary weaves and Figured fabrics,
edited by Z. J. Grosicki., Woodhead Publication, Seventh edition.
2. Watson’s Advance Textile Design: Compound Woven Structure edited by Z
Grosicki,Woodhead Publication, Series No.-2
3. Fabric Structure and Design, by N.Gokarneshan, New Age nternatinal, 2nd
Edition
 TT – 309A
STATISTICAL ANALYSES
L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
4 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs

Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions
from each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required
to attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.

UNIT 1
Foundations of statistics:
Basic concepts of statistics, collection sampling, classification and graphical
representation of data, Measures of central tendency. Numerical problems.
Sampling Theory:
Population and sample, types of sampling, sampling classification and graphical
representation of data , measures of central tendency , control charts.

UNIT 2
Measures of Dispersion Range, Quartile deviation, standard deviation, moments,
skewness and kurtosis (Definition, properties and associated numerical only).
Theory of Probability Different approaches to probability, Additive and
Multiplicative Laws of probability, Baye’s theorem.

UNIT 3
Tests of hypothesis and significance:
Definition of Statistical hypothesis, Null hypothesis. Type I and II errors and Levels
of significance, Standard error and sampling distribution ,Tests of significance for
Large and small Samples (discussion). Problems based on χ2-test for goodness of fit,
Student’s t-Test and Analysis of variance (one way and two way classifications.

UNIT 4
Regression & correlation:
Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, Rank correlation coefficient and lines of
regression, Numerical problems, factorial design and analysis.

Suggested Text Books and References

1. Ray and Sharma, “Mathematical Statistics”
2. Bowker, A.H., and Liberman, G.J., “Engineering statistics”, Prentice Hall,
N.J.1972
3. Murray P Spiegel, “Theory & Problems of Probability & Statistics”
4. Bhattacharya, G.K., and Johnson, R.A.,” Statistical concepts and methods”,
John Wiley, New Delhi, 2002.
5. Hogg, R.V, Elliot, A.T., ”Probability and Statistical Inference”, Pearson
Education, 6th Edition
 TT-311A
YARN MANUFACTURING-III LAB

L T P Practical/viva: 50 marks
- - 3 Sessional: 50 marks
Total: 100 marks

Duration of Exam: 3 Hrs

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Study of operating principle, material flow and various parts of rotor

spinning.
2. Study of drafting, twisting and winding operation of rotor spinning.
3. Study of operating principle, material flow and various parts of air jet
spinning.
4. Study of drafting, twisting and winding operation of air jet spinning.
5. Study of operating principle, material flow and various parts of friction (Dref
II and Dref III) spinning.
6. Study of drafting, twisting and winding operation of friction (Dref II and Dref
III) spinning.
7. Study of Compact spinning, methods of fibre compacting, modification and
attachments.
8. Assessment and control of variability in ring, rotor and air-jet spun yarns.
9. Idea of time and motion study.

Note: The above experiment should be conducted and shall be decided on factors like:
1. Facilities installed at Institute
2. Accessibility to industry & nearby institute like IIT Delhi, NITRA
Gaziabad, Textile Committee and NITRA Panipat.
3. Trend of technological developments in National & International
perspective.
 TT-313A: FABRIC MANUFACTURING –III LAB

L TP Practical / Viva : 50 Marks

- - 3 Sessional: 50 Marks
Total: 100 Marks
Duration of exam: 3 Hrs.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. To study the different selvedge formation: Tuck-in, Leno, Fused and Knitted
selvedge.
2. To study the working of positive let-off and electronic let-off and their
advantages.
3. To study the working of Matched cam beat-up.
4. To study the working of Electronic Dobby and development of designs in
electronic dobby.
5. To study the working of Flexible Rapier loom system and sequence of weft
insertion.
6. To study the working of Rigid Rapier loom system and sequence of weft
insertion.
7. Studies on Somet flexible rapier drive.
8. To study the working of torsion bar picking and sequence of weft insertion in
projectile loom.
9. To study the working of Air jet nozzle and sequence of weft insertion in air jet
weaving. Problems of Air jet loom.
10. To study the advantages and disadvantages of various shuttle less looms.

Note: Any 8 experiments from the above list of experiments are to be performed by
each student.

Note: The above experiment should be conducted and shall be decided on factors like:
1. Facilities installed at Institute
2. Accessibility to industry & nearby institute like IIT Delhi, NITRA Gaziabad,
Textile Committee and NITRA Panipat.
3. Trend of technological developments in National & International perspective.
 TT-315A: FABRIC STRUCTURE & DESIGN LAB

L TP Practical / Viva : 50 Marks

- - 3 Sessional: 50 Marks
Total: 100 Marks
Duration of exam: 3 Hrs.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Basic principles of woven fabric analysis and estimation of data for cloth
production.
2. Recognition of yarn and fabric and material used in their construction.

Weave analysis of –
3. Plain weave and its derivatives.
4. Twill weave and its derivatives.
5. Satins and sateens.
6. Mock-leno.
7. Honey comb and brighten Honey comb.
8. Huck-a-back.
9. Crepe weaves
10. Diamond weave

Note: Any 8 experiments from the above list of experiments are to be performed
by
each student
 TT-317A: VOCATIONAL TRAINING

Sessional: 100 Marks

Total : 100 Marks

Each student, individual or in association with some other students at the end of the
4th semester B.Tech. course will observe and collect the general and technical
information pertaining to machinery, raw materials used, yarns and fabrics produced
by the textile mills, in which he/she/they are undertaking 6 weeks practical training
with the approval of the Director, PITE.
Each student will have to submit a computerized report duly approved and signed by
the guide to the Head of department.
 6th Semester Syllabus
TT-302A
THEORY OF TEXTILE STRUCTURE

L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
3 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs

Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions
from each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required
to attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.

UNIT-I
Yarn geometry- coaxial helix model, idealized yarn geometry relationship of yarn
number and twist factor. Twist contraction and retraction, ideal and real yarns.
Packing of fibre in yarn. Ideal packing, hexagonal close packing and other forms.
Deviation from ideal forms- concentrating and disturbing features, specific volume of
yarns, relation between twist, diameter and twist angle.

UNIT-II
Introduction to fibre migration, Ideal migration, Mechanisms of migration- tension
variation, geometric mechanism, combined mechanism, Tracer fibre technique,
Parameters of migration, Migration in blended yarns.

UNIT-III
Extension of continuous filament yarn for small and large strains, Prediction of
breakage, mechanics of staple fibre yarns – traditional view, modified approach by
Hearle & El-Sheikh. Mechanics of blended yarn, Hamburger model.

UNIT-IV
Elements of fabric geometry. Cloth setting theories, Fabric cover, fractional and total
cover. Fabric cover and fabric weight relationship, Pierce’s fabric geometry, flexible
and elastic thread model, jammed structure, square fabric, crimp interchange,
Relationship between h, p, c, Kemp’s Race Track Model.

Suggested Text Books and References:

1. Hearle, J. W. S., Grosberg, P., and Backer, S., “Structural mechanics of fibre,
yarn and fabrics”, Wiley Interscience Publication.
2. “Textile Yarn, Technology, Structure & Application” – Goswami B.C.,
Martindale, J.G., Scardino F.L., Wiley Interscience publication, 1977, U.S.A.
3. Zurek, W., “Structure of Yarn”, Foreign Scientific Publications.
4. Cloth Geometry F.T Pierce.
5. Woven Textile Structure: Theory & Application , B. K. Behera & P. K. Hari,
Woodhead Textiles Series No. 115.
 TT-322
TEXTILE TESTING - II
L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
3 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs
Unit I:
Fabric Testing
Importance of fabric testing, scope of fabric testing.
Methods of tests for fabric dimensions and other physical properties; thickness,
weight, crimp, shrinkage, air permeability, moisture permeability, Water-vapour
permeability.
wettability, shower-proofness, water-proofness and flame-resistance.
Aesthetic properties of fabric: drape, stiffness, bending, shearing, compression,
crease recovery

Unit II:
Fabric Tensile Testing
Fabric Strength Testing: Tensile, tearing and bursting strength tests; principles and
operation of equipment, Fabric bending, shearing and draping properties:
terminology, quantities and units. Experimental method.
Factors affecting the results of tensile testing. Evaluation and interpretation of tensile
test results.

Unit III:
Comfort and Handle
Fabric comfort: introduction, importance and classification of comfort. Thermal
comfort, Moisture Transport, sensorial comfort, Moisture absorption and water
repellency.
Objective assessment of fabric handle; KES and FAST system.

Unit IV:
Testing of Technical Textiles
Testing of filtration charaterstics, test for geotextiles, test for protective clothing, test
of various form of medical textiles, moisture transmission through breathable fabrics,
Special tests for carpets and nonwoven fabrics.
Mechanical behaviour of textiles. Terms and definitions, expressing the results,
quantities and units.
Statistical Quality control in Textiles: tolerance limit, their setting, Control charts,
Types of control charts – X-R chart, P chart, nP chart.

Suggested Text Books & References

1. Booth, J.E., “Principles of Textile Testing”, Butterworths, London
2. Kothari, V.K., “Physical Testing of Textiles”
3. Fabric testing, ED. Jinlian HU, Woodhead publication CRC Press, 2008.
4. Saville, BP, Physical testiong of textiles, Woodhead publication CRC Press
1999.
5. Slater, “Textile Progress – Physical Testing and Quality Control”, Textile
Institute, Manchester.
 TT-306A
GARMENT TECHNOLOGY
L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
3 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs

Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions
from each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required
to attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.

UNIT-I:
Introduction to clothing manufacturing. The structure of clothing industry.
Organization chart of clothing factory. Raw materials and accessories for garment
industry. Relationship between fabric properties and making up process. Fabric
quality requirement for garment industry.
Trimming and garment accessories: definition, types, trimming methodologies
accessories application. Evaluation of sewability
UNIT-II: Garment Manufacturing Process
Pattern Making: Introduction to pattern making and garment construction. Different
terminologies, Drafting, Basic bodies, blocks. CAD for pattern making.
Spreading and Lay Planning: introduction to symmetrical and asymmetrical fabrics.
Criteria for spreading, methods of spreading, spreading machines. Principles of lay
plan, types of lay plan.
UNIT-III: Garment Manufacturing Process
Planning, drawing and reproduction of marker. Methods of marker planning and
marker used – normal marker planning and computerized marker planning. Cutting
by straight knife, band knife, notches, drills. Computer controlled knives, die cutting,
laser cutting, plasma cutting.
UNIT-IV:
Sewing: Properties of seams, seam types, stitch types, sewing machine feed
mechanism, sewing machine needles, sewing threads, sewing problems.
Introduction to Sewing Machinery: Basic sewing machines and associated work
aids.
Pressing: Purpose of pressing, pressing equipment and methods.
General description to alternative methods of joining materials. The use of
components, trimmings to care labeling in Garment manufacturing.

References:
1. Coocklin Gerry, “Garment Technology for Fashion Designer”, Om Book
Service, New Delhi.
2. Emilio Pucu, “Fashion from Concept to Consumer”.
3. Harold Carr & Barbar Lantham, “The Technology of Clothing Manufacture”,
Om Book Service, New Delhi.
4. Aldrich W, “Metric Pattern Cutting”, Om Book Service, New Delhi.
5. Mehta P V and Bhardwaj S K, “managing Quality in Apparel Industry” Om
Book Service, New Delhi.
 TT-308A
KNITTING TECHNOLOGY

L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
3 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs

Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions
from each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required
to attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.

UNIT-I
Introduction to Knitting: Difference between woven and knitted products and
process. Classification of Knitting Machines. Terms and Definitions used in knitting.
Elements of knitting: needles, sinker and cam.

UNIT -II
Basic weft knitted structures. Structure and properties of Plain, Rib, Purl &
Interlock. Knit. Machine and mechanism of plain, rib, purl and interlock fabric
production. Tuck & Float loops. Derivatives of some Knitted structure.

UNIT -III
Production calculation. Calculation of Areal density, Fabric width, Fractional cover,
Tightness factor and mass per running meter. Knitted fabric relaxation and
shrinkage, Values of Kc, Kw & Ks. Yarn property required for knitting. Control of
yarn tension during knitting. Knitted fabric defects.

UNIT -IV
Warp Knitting
Comparison between warp knits, weft knits and woven. Basic warp knit structures:
over lap, under lap, closed lap, open lap. Knitting cycle in Tricot Knitting machine
and Raschel knitting machine, Five Basic overlap, under lap variations, some warp
knitted structures like, loop raised, satin, lock knit, two bar tricot, reverse lock nit,
shark skin, queens cord, Open Atlas, Closed Atlas, etc.

Suggested Text Books and References:

1. Spencer D J, “Knitting Technology” Woodhead Publishing Ltd. Cambridge,
England.
2. Ajgaonkar, D. B. “Knitting Technology”.
3. “Knitting Technology” NCUTE Publication.
4. BOOTH J E, “Textile Mathematics Vol-3” The Textile Institute Manchester
Publication.
 TT-310A
COMPUTER AIDED FABRIC MANUFACTURING
L T P Sessional: 25 Marks
2 1 - Exam: 50 Marks
Total: 75 Marks
Time: 3 hrs
Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions
from each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required
to attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.
Unit-I
Basic Concepts
Overview of CAD and CAM, their application in various fields of textiles and
benefits
Concepts of image processing
Design Fundamentals
Development of printable designs for screen printing through CAD- ArahPaint;
tools of ArahPaint software module; scanning of pictures and editing
Calculation of Fabric parameters through CAD

Unit-II
Electronic Dobby
Working principle, machine parameters
Design features, drive arrangement, system for pattern data transfer and design
development.
Electronic Jacquard
Working principle, constructional variants, various electronic jacquard systems
Selection system, pattern data transfer and management.

Unit-III
CAD for Dobby, Jacquard
Development of Dobby Designs through ArahWeave,
Development of jacquard designs-modes of weaving in ArahWeave software, other
features of ArahWeave – Weave Simulation, Fabric Simulation, Yarn and Fabric
Parameters.

Unit-IV
Development of figures, geometric ornamentations, arrangement of figures
Narrow fabric production through CAD, Carpet designing through CAD
Embroidery Designing through CAD, 3-D draping-Application and tools.
References:
1. Phiroz Dastoor, " Application of CAD in the Industrial Fabrics", Journal of
the Textile Institute Part - 111, Manchester, 1993.
2. Aldrich, W. (Ed.), " CAD in clothing and textiles : A collection of experts
view ", Blackwell, Science, 2nd Edition, U.K., 1994.
3. Jayaraman, S, " Computer Science and Textile Science ", T.P. Vol.26 No.3,
Textile Inst.,Manchester, 1995.
4. Sigmon D.M. Grady, P.L. and Winchester S.C. " Computer integarated
manufacturing and total quality management ", Textile Progress Vol 27, No
4, Textile Institute, Manchester, 1998. ISBN: 1870372166.
5. Gray S., "CAD/CAM in clothing and textiles ", Gower, U.K, 1998, ISBN:
056607673X.
 6. Lab Manuals of ArahPaint, ArahWeave and ArahDrape
TT-324
MULTI FIBRE SPINNING

L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
3 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs
Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions
from each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required
to attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.

Unit I:
Characteristics of man-made fibres, objectives of blending, selection of fibre
specification for blending, processing of short, medium and long staple man made
fibres on cotton system, measures of blend intimacy, factors influencing blend
intimacy, structure an properties of blend yarns, Effect of blend composition & fibre
characteristics on properties of blended yarn. Blend mechanics. Advantages &
disadvantages of different blending technique. Tinting for a blend spinning of dyed
fibres.

Unit II:
Woolen, semi-worsted and worsted systems of spinning. Wool blending, wool sorting,
wool contamination and its removal, wool scouring, drying, back washing. Woollen
carding, intermediate gilling, auto leveler in gillbox, rectiliniear combing, rubbing
frame, and spinning.

Unit III:
Jute Spinning: Basic concepts of the spinning process and the machinery. Jute
retting, stripping, jute grading, jute batching, fibre defects. Jute carding; breaker
and finisher card. Drawing and Spinning.

Unit IV:
Silk Spinning: Introduction to twisting and spinning of silk fibres, Spun silk
processing – Spreader, Sett Frame, Drawbox, Rover.
Waste Spinning
Cotton waste and its varieties, classification and possible end uses, machines and
processes to produce waste yarns e.g. condenser system, coiled system.

References:
1. Salhotra K R, “Spinning of man-mades and blends on cotton system”
2. Oxloby, E. “Spun Yarn Technology”. Butterworths, London.
3. Goswami, B.G. “Textile Yarns; Technology , Structure & Applications”.
Textile Institute, Manchaster
4. Wool Hand Book Vol II , Werner von Bergei
5. Jute- Fibre to yarn by R R Atkinson
6. British Wool Manual by H Spibei
7. Wool Spinning vol I & II by Lipenkov
8. Manual of Silk Reeling – F.A.O
9. Fundamentals of Spun Yarn Technology, Lawrence, 1st Ed., CRC Press, LLC,
Florida, USA,2003
10. Manual of Technology: Woolen Yarn Manufacture – Richards RTDand Sykes
A.B. The Textile Institute, Manchester, 1994
 TT-314A
GARMENT TECHNOLOGY LAB
L T P Practical/viva: 50 marks
- - 3 Sessional: 50 marks
Total: 100 marks
Duration of Exam: 3 hours

Sl. No. Title of Experiment No. of Turns

1. Developments of patterns based on anthropometric data. 4

2. Working on sewing machines. 2

Production of different types of stitches (Chain stitch,

3. 3
Lock stich and Overlock stitch).

4. Determination of seam strength. 2

5. Determination of seam pucker. 1

 TT-316A
KNITTING TECHNOLOGY LAB
L T P Practical/viva: 25 marks
- - 2 Sessional: 25 marks
Total: 50 marks
Duration of Exam: 3 hours

List of Experiment:

1. Working on Flat Knitting Machine.

2. Development of Plain, Rib, and Interlock fabric samples.
3. Setting of knitting Cam.
4. Development of derivative knitted structures on flat bed knitting machine.
5. Analysis of knitted structures.
6. Determination of Ks, Kc and Kw values.
7. Effect of stitch length, stitch density, course count, wale count on fabric
arial density.
 TT-318A
COMPUTER AIDED FABRIC MANUFACTURING LAB
L T P Practical/viva: 50 marks
- - 3 Sessional: 25 marks
Total: 75 marks
Duration of Exam: 3 hours

Sl. No. Title of Experiment No. of Turns

1. Working with Paint Module of the software 3

2. Scanning and editing a fabric artwork. 2

3. Development of Dobby design on system. 1

4. Development of Jacquard design on system. 2

5. 3D draping and its tools. 1

6. Weave simulation on CAD. 2

7. Development of label design through CAD. 1

8. Production of sample in print format 2

 TT-326
TEXTILE TESTING - II LAB
L T P Practical/viva: 50 marks
- - 3 Sessional: 50 marks
Total: 100 marks

Duration of Exam: 3 Hrs

22. To determine the stiffness property of the fabric.

23. To determine the tensile strength of the fabric.

24. To determine the tearing strength of the fabric.

25. To determine the bursting strength of the fabric.

26. To determine air permeability of fabrics.

27. To determine the shower proof property of a fabric.

28. To determine the drape property of fabrics.

29. To determine the crimp and Areal density of fabrics.

30. To determine crease resistance property of the fabric.

31. To determine the pilling property of the fabric.

32. To determine water vapor permeability of the fabric.

33. To determine the thermal comfort property of the fabric.

Note: The above experiment should be conducted and shall be decided on factors like:
4. Facilities installed at Institute
5. Accessibility to industry & nearby institute like IIT Delhi, NITRA
Gaziabad, Textile Committee and NITRA Panipat.
6. Trend of technological developments in National & International
perspective.
 7th Semester Syllabus

TT-401A
TECHNICAL TEXTILES - I
L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
4 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs

Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions from
each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required to
attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.

Unit I:

Introduction, definition and growth of technical textiles, Classification of Technical

Textiles. Brief idea about technical fibres. Role of yarn construction, fabric construction
and composite materials.

Unit II:

Filtration:
Textile and other filter media for dry and wet filtration. Filtration parameters. Theory
of dust collection and solid liquid separation. Filtration requirements. Role of fibre,
fabric construction and finishing treatments. Concept of pore size and particle size.
Mathematical models. Nano filters.

Unit III:

Geotextiles:
Types of geosynthetic and their uses. Functions and application areas of Geotextiles.
Essential properties. Fibre and fabric selection criteria for geotextile applications.
Mechanics of reinforcement, filtration and drainage by Geotextiles.
Natural fibre Geotextiles.
Methods of long term prediction of geotextile life and survivability in soil. Geotextile
testing.

Unit IV:

Textiles in Transportation:
Introduction to automotive textile. Application of textiles in automobiles. Fibre
requirements. Textile in passenger cars – tyres, airbags, seat belts, hoses and filters.
Textiles in other road vehicles. Railway application. Application in aircraft and marine.
Textile as structural elements in transport vehicles
Reference.

1. “ Handbook of Technical Textiles”, Ed. A R Horrcks and S C Anand, Woodhead

Publication Ltd, Cambridge, 2000
2. “ Handbook of Industrial Textiles”, Ed. Sabit Adanur, Technomic Publishing
Co. INC
 TT – 415
FUNDAMENTALS OF MANAGEMENT
LTP Exam : 100 Marks
41 - Sessional : 50 Marks
Total : 150 Marks
Time : 3 hours

UNIT-I Financial Management

Introduction of Financial Management, Objectives of Financial Decisions, Status and
duties of Financial Executives. Financial Planning – Tools of financial planning.
Management of working capital, Factors affecting requirements of working capital.
Capital structure decisions. Features of appropriate capital structure. Sources of
finance.

UNIT-II Personnel Management

Personnel Management – Meaning, Nature and Importance; Functions of Personnel
Management – (a) Managerial Functions and (b) Operative functions. Job Analysis:
Meaning and Importance; Process of Job Analysis; Job Description and Job
specification. Human Resource Development- Meaning and concept.

UNIT-III Production Management

Production Management : Definition and Objectives
Plant location: Ideal plant location. Factors affecting plant location.
Plant Layout : Ideal plant layout, factors affecting plant layout.
Work Measurement : Meaning, Objectives and Essentials of work measurement.
Production Control : Meaning and importance of production control and steps involved
in production control.

UNIT-IV Marketing Management

Modern Nature, scope and importance of marketing management. Marketing concepts.
Role of marketing in economic development. Marketing Mix. Marketing Information
System. Meaning, nature and scope of International Marketing.

NOTE : The question paper shall have eight questions in all organized into four
sections, each section having two questions from each of the four units. The
candidateshall have to attempt five questions in all, selecting at least one question from
each unit.

Books Recommended
Text Books
1. Principles and Practice of Management - R.S. Gupta, B.D.Sharma, N.S. Bhalla. (Kalyani Publishers)
2. Organisation and Management - R.D. Aggarwal (Tata Mc Graw Hill)
Reference Books
1. Principles & Practices of Management – L.M. Prasad (Sultan Chand & Sons)
2. Management – Harold, Koontz and Cyrilo Donell (Mc.Graw Hill).
4. Financial Management - I.M. Pandey (Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi)
5. Management - James A.F. Stoner & R.Edward Freeman, PHI.
6. Marketing Management- Philip Kotler, PHI
 TT-417
ADVANCED CHEMICAL PROCESSING
L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
4 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs

Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions from
each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required to
attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.

Unit I:
Continuous open width processing, use of eco-friendly enzymes in wet processing.
Continuous dyeing, Super critical CO2 dyeing. New direct, reactive and disperse dyes.
Grading and methods to determine fastness relating to washing, light, perspiration,
sublimation and hot pressing treatment.

Unit II:
Novel printing techniques like Ink Jet printing or digital printing.
Zero formaldehyde easy-care finishes, polysiloxanes based softener. Breathable water-proof
fabrics. Antimicrobial finishing of textiles. Low wet pick up techniques.

Unit III:
Source of natural light, sources of artificial light, CIE illuminants, absorption and
scattering of light. Beer-Lambert law, Additive and subtractive mixing. Standard
observer color matching function, Tristimulus values, Chromtaicity coordinates,
Kubelka-Munk equation. Metamerism.

Unit IV:
Spectophotometric curves and their relationship to perceived colors. Principle of
spectrophotometer. Colorimeter, Munsell system of color specification. Relationship of
hue, value and chroma. Whiteness and yellowness indices.
Computer aided color matching and recipe prediction

Reference:
1. “Colourage” Journal
2. “Asian Dyers” Journal
3. “Asian Textile Journal” Journal
4. “Man-made Textiles in India” Journal
5. Shah and Gandhi, “Instrumental Color”, Mahajan Book Distributors.
6. Shore J. “Computer Aided Colour Matching”, SDC U.K 1998 ISBN.
7. AATCC Technical Manual
 TT- 407A
ADVANCED CHEMICAL PROCESSING LAB

L T P Practical/viva: 50 marks
- - 3 Sessional: 50 marks
Total: 100 marks
Duration of Exam: 3 hours

List of Experiment:

1. Identification of dye on a dyed cotton sample

2. Determination of wash fastness of a dyed sample
3. Determination of Crock fastness of a dyed sample
4. Calibration of a UV-visible transmittance based spectrophotometer
5. Assessment color strength (K/S) of dyed sample
6. Relation between color strength (K/S) and dye uptake
7. Assessment of color difference between samples
8. Determination Lab values and construction of hue and shades based on that.
 TT – 425
PROCESS CONTROL IN SPINNING
L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
3 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs

Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions from
each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required to
attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.

Unit I:
Importance of process control. Control of mixing quality and cost using Linear
Programming. Bale management. Bale management: The concept, Instrumental
evaluation of cotton, The final goal-bale management, the control, Step by step
implementation of bale management. Control of cotton contamination. Control of
cleaning efficiency and waste in blow room and card. Control of waste in comber.

Unit II:
Yarn Irregularity: Concept, Measurement, and Interpretation, Types of Irregularity,
Causes of yarn irregularity, Index of Irregularity, Application.
Variance length curves: Fundamental considerations of the variance-length curve,
Interpretation of V(l) and B(l) curves, Important characteristics of variance-length
curve, Short term and Long term unevenness, Stacked variance length curve.
The spectrogram: Comparison of the diagram and spectrogram, Spectrogram
Harmonics, causes of periodic defects, effect of doubling on periodic variation, Control
of periodic mass variations.
Drafting wave: Definition, Causes of formation, Quasi-periodic irregularity, causes of
drafting waves, Amplitude of drafting wave, Yarn irregularity due to drafting waves.
Yarn hairiness: Importance of Hairiness, Generation of yarn hairiness, Factors
effecting hairiness, Effect of Preparatory and Spinning process on hairiness, Measure to
reduce Hairiness, Periodic variation in hairiness, Hairiness Testing.

Unit III:
Imperfections: Concept, Measurement, and Interpretation; Importance of thin places,
thick places and neps in the textile industry.
Yarn Faults: Importance of Yarn Faults, Determination of Yarn Faults, Various
reasons for different types of Yarn Faults. Contribution of Raw material, Blow room
and carding, Combing, Draw frame, Speed frame and Ring frame to yarn faults.
Control of yarn count and count CV%, between bobbin lea count variations,
Minimizing lea count variation, Effect of count CV on strength CV.
Control of strength, and strength CV%, Mechanism of Strength Generation, Yarn
failure mechanism, Influencing Factors, Variables which can affect yarn tensile
properties, Influence of humidity of the room on the breaking force, instrument set up
affect tensile properties. Control of end breaks: Mechanism of end breakage in ring
spinning, Causes of end breaks in spinning.

Unit IV:
Yarn realisation and Process waste control: Control of measure, Method of
consolidating waste, Waste losses at various stages like Blow room, Cards, Combers,
Yarn waste, Sweepings, Invisible loss. Judging yarn realization of a mill
Measures for improving performance of blow room and card
Evaluation of auto leveler in draw frame
Measuring for improving performance of comber, draw frame and speed frame
Towards better performance of ring frame in terms of quality and productivity
Measurement of productivity of a spinning mill and means to improve it,
Machinery Audit: Differences with routine Maintenance, Implementation of the system
of machinery audit, Tools for machine audit, Machinery Audit in Spinning : Check List,
Test Instruments for Machinery Audit
Analysis and interpretation of statistical data. Total quality control.

Reference.
1. Grade, A. R., and Subramanium T. A., “Process control in cotton spinning”
ATIRA, Ahmedabad, 2nd Ed. (1978).
2. Salhotra, K. R., and Ishtiaque, S. M., “Process control in spinning”, IIT Delhi,
CD cell (2001).
3. Ratlam, T. V., “Quality control in spinning” SITRA, Coimbatore(1994).
4. Chattopadhyay, R., “Advances in Technology of Yarn Production, 1st Ed.,
NCUTE, IIT Delhi (2002).
5. GAR Foster, “Manual of Cotton Spinning Vol IV”
 TT-405A
PROCESS CONTROL IN CHEMICAL PROCESSING
L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
3 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs

Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions from
each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required to
attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.

Unit I:

Importance of process and quality control in chemical processing. Quality of grey

fabrics, selvedge quality, stains in grey fabric, overall assessment of quality of grey
fabrics.
Stitching of grey pieces, common stitching defects and method for assessing stitching
quality. Process control in shearing and cropping.

Unit II:

Singeing - Process control in singeing, parameters to control the singeing process

Desizing - Enzyme desizing, parameters to control the enzyme desizing process
Scouring - Parameters to control the pressure boil scouring
Mercerizing – Parameters to control the mercerization process,
Bleaching - Sodium hypochlorite & Hydrogen peroxide, treatment on J-box, pad roll
bleaching, washing and drying.
Process control in Heat Setting process.
Unit III:

Process control in Dyeing - Fiber and yarn package dyeing,

Fabric dyeing - Satisfying basic needs, selection of dyes, process control in jigger dyeing,
high temperature beam or jet dyeing, continuous dyeing.
Process control in Printing: Selection of thickening agent and preparation of printing
paste, printing recipe, printing, fixation, after treatments.
Process control in Finishing: Stenter or felt calendar for temporary finishes, durable
finishes: resin finishing, calendaring, decatising, weight reduction, carbonisation

Unit IV:

Evaluation of dyes - Dyestuff performance test, critical temperature test, migration test
and build-up tests.
Textile Chemicals & auxiliaries - Wetting agents, Levelling Agents, Cross linking
Agents, Thickeners & Binders for printing, OBA, Softners etc.
Evaluation of processed fabric at different stages: desizing, scouring, bleaching
mercerization, heat setting, dyed printed and finished fabric.

References

1. ATIRA / BTRA Books of journals.

2. “Process control in processing” by ATIRA.
 TT – 433
PROCESS CONTROL IN GARMENT
L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
3 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs

Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions from
each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required to
attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.

UNIT-I
Automation in Garment Industry-Information Technology in Garment Industry,
Microprocessor based machinery in design, pattern making, market making, cutting,
sewing, embroidery, programmable machines.
Production planning in garment manufacturing; Cost structure in garment
manufacturing; Production technology – manual and mechanical systems. Quantitative
Production analysis, co-ordination of activities, Check list sheet, Time and motion
study: need, Improving production efficiency,
UNIT-II
Stitch application for woven and knitted garment: Stitch identification, Application,
Advantages and disadvantages, Proper stitch formation.
Common seam quality defect: Seam rupture on stretch knits, Skipped stitches, Stitch
Cracking, Seam slippage and Needle cutting, Causes and remedies
Seam puckering: types, major causes and solution to puckering.
UNIT-III
Sewing Thread selection: Right thread to optimize seam quality, fibre type, thread
construction, thread size. Advantages of core-spun sewing thread, Quality aspect of
industrial sewing thread. Needle size, needle numbering system
Sewability: Quality parameters for assessing sewability, seam strength, seam pucker,
seam slippage, needle cutting.

UNIT-IV
Quality control aspects of garment exports
Quality systems for garment (manufacture), the nature of quality costs, the functions of
quality assurance and quality control; evaluating care and appearance, evaluating
material contribution, Inspection standard for apparel,
Inspection systems – raw material inspection, in process inspection, final inspection,
how much to inspect? Comparability checks; Audit inspection

References:

1. An Introduction to Quality Control for Apparel Industry by PV Mehta

2. Managing Quality for Apparel Industry by PV Mehta & SK Bhardwaj
3. Garment Technology, NCUTE Publication
4. Testing and Quality Management (Vol-1) by V.K. Kothari
 TT – 435
PROCESS CONTROL IN WEAVING
LTP Sessional: 50 Marks
310 Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 Hrs
UNIT: I
Importance and consideration for evolving a system for process control in winding,
warping, sizing and weaving. Key parameters at winding, Quality and productivity in
winding, Control of package faults, measuring principle. Process control in pirn
winding: minimizing end breaks, improving the build of the pirn, control of
productivity, causes of low productivity.

UNIT: II
Process control in warping: minimizing end break in warping, performance assessment
of warping, quality of warp beam, control of productivity, causes of low productivity.
Common defects & remedies at warping.
Process control in sizing: control of yarn stretch, performance assessment in sizing,
quality of sized yarn, control of productivity, control of size losses. Common defects at
sizing & remedies. Common defects in drawing-in & remedies, Costing calculations in
drawing-in. Standard norms for setting speeds and production rates at different stages.
UNIT: III
Control of productivity in loom shed, Analysis of warp breaks, Control of loom
efficiency, Control of loom stops, Quality of yarn, Loom performance, Control of loss of
efficiency by snap reading, Optimum loom allocation
Types and classification of fabric defects, Measures for fabric defect control. Control
and norms of hard waste in various processes, care, selection and consumption norms of
accessories. Control of fabric quality at loom state.

UNIT: IV
Operative, Running, Machine Efficiency and Service factor. Importance and types of
maintenance, Maintenance schedule in winding, warping, sizing and loomshed.
Calculations pertaining production and efficiency. Machine allocation in winding,
warping, pirn winding, sizing and loom shed. Machine audit.

References:
1. Control in Weaving” ATIRA Ahmedabad, 2nd Ed(1978).

2. Weaving Machines Mechanisms Management, by Talukdar MK, Sriramulu PK,

Ajgaonkar DB.
 8th Semeter Syllabus
TT-402A
TECHNICAL TEXTILE - II
L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
4 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs

Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions from
each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required to
attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.

Unit I:

Medical Textiles:
Introduction and classification of Medical Textiles. Fibres used for medical
applications. Medical Drapes and Linen. Implantables – sutures, soft tissue implants,
hard tissue implants, vascular implants. Nonimplantables – surgical dressing, bandages.
Extracorporeal devices, Tissue Engineering. Healthcare and Hygiene products. Super
absorbent polymers, hydrogels.

Unit II:

Protective Textiles:
Different types of protective clothing. Functional requirements of defense clothing
including ballistic protection, parachute, temperature and flame retardant clothing.
Chemical and Biological protective clothing. Water proof breathable fabric.

Unit III:

Technical Textiles in Apparel Sector:

Introduction to Smart Technology for textile and clothing. Areas of application of smart
textile. Pathogen barrier fabric, fibres used for pathogen barrier application. Clothing
for extreme climatic conditions - wearable technology for snow clothing, high altitude
clothing. Electromagnetic radiation protective clothing.

Unit IV:

Other Applications:
Sportech – Sport uniforms, sporting equipments, textiles in sport surfaces
Agrotech – General applications and fibres used in agriculture, horticulture, fishing and
animal husbandry
Buildtech – Architectural membranes, hoardings and signages, awnings and canopies.
Packtech. Ropes and cordages. Canvas covers and tarpaulins.

References:
3. “Handbook of Industrial Textiles”, Ed. Sabit Adanur, Technomic Publishing Co.
INC
4. “Handbook of Technical Textiles”, Ed. A R Horrcks and S C Anand, Woodhead
Publication Ltd, Cambridge, 2000
5. “ Textiles for protection, Ed. Richard A. Scott, Woodhead Publication Ltd,
Cambridge,
6. “ Wearable Electronics and Photonics, Ed. Xiaoming Tao, Woodhead
Publication Ltd, Cambridge
 TT-404A
TEXTILE COSTING
L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
4 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs

Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions from
each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required to
attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.

Unit I: Fundamentals of Costing

Cost concept. Classification of cost, elements of cost. Methods of costing. Unit and
operating costing, preparation of cost sheet. Estimation of cost of production and
component of total cost. Profit planning, job order, batch process, conversion cost.
Inventory costing.

Unit II:
Cost-Profit-Volume analysis, break even point, contribution margin, margin of safety,
angle of incidence. Capital budgeting.

Unit III: Cost Structure in Textile Industry

Cost structure, cost of raw material/labour/utilities. Cost control, standard costs,
determination of cost per kg of yarn, per metre of fabric, cost of dyeing/printing per
metre of fabric, yarn realization, measures of cost reduction, selling price decision for
yarn/fabric. Concept of depreciation.

Unit IV: Labour Allocation and Rationalization of Labour

Labour allocation in different department of textile mill. Work-load standards for card
tenters, speed frame and ring frame tenters, doffers and winders, weavers, etc. Costing
of large package spinning and optimum package size. Costing of Open end spun and
Air-jet spun yarns.
Waste and its control at spinning and weaving, Costing of shuttle-less looms like Sulzer,
air-jet. Economics of shuttle loom,

References:

1. Textile Costing by SITRA.

2. Khan and Jain, “Management Accounting”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publication.
3. Owler, L. W. J., Brown, J. L., “Wheldon’s Cost Accounting and Cost Methods”,
ELVS Publication.
 TT-406A
MANAGEMENT OF TEXTILE PRODUCTION
L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
4 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs
Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions from
each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required to
attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.

UNIT-I: Indian Textile Industry

Structure of Indian Textile Industry, Organized and Decentralized Sector, Handloom
sector, Production and export, Sickness in Textile Industry.
Location and Layout : Plant location and site selection , Factors affecting location ,
plant lay- out, Different type of layouts, Layout plan for spinning, weaving and process
house.

UNIT-II: Production, Planning and Control

Product mix decision, linear programming concept, Supply chain management,

Concept of zero defects, Management information system.
Inventory Management: Inventory concepts, techniques to reduce inventory, ABC
analysis, EOQ, P and Q systems.
Enterprise Resource Planning: ERP concept, Applications of ERP, Ways to use ERP.

UNIT-III:

Air Conditioning and humidification: Humidification systems used in textile mills,

Development in humidification systems.
Power Consumption: Energy consumption in textile machines, Measure to reduce
power consumption.
Maintenance Management: Maintenance systems, Maintenance schedules.
Work Management: Basics of work load and work assignment, effect of end breaks on
work assignment.

UNIT-IV:
Working Environment: Measures of good working environment, Measures to minimize
noise, terms related to lighting, illumination level required for different departments,
Material handling equipments, Accidents and safety engineering, Fire prevention and
protection.

Suggested Text Books and References:

1. Dudeja V D , “Management of textile Industry” Textile Trade Press Ahmedabad
(1981)
2. Ormerod A, “Textile Project Management” The Textile Institute , Manchester
UK(1992)
3. Talukdar M K ,Srirammulu P K and Ajgaokar D B , “Weaving – Machine ,
Mechanism and Management ,” Mahajan Publisher Private Ltd., Ahmedabad ,
India (1998)
4. Grade A R and Subramanian T A , “Process Control in Spinning,” 3rd Edition.,
ATIRA Ahmedabad, (1987)
5. Higgins, “Handbook of Maintenance Management,” Prentice Hall New York
(1999).
 TT-426

HIGH PERFORMANCE FIBRES

L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
3 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs
Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions from
each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required to
attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.
Unit I:

Fully aromatic polyamide or aramid fibers: Nomex and Kevlar - Polymerization,

spinning properties and applications
Ordered Polymeric Fibers: High molecular weight polyester, rigid rod and ladder
polymers such as PBL, PBZT, PBO, PBI.

Unit II:

Carbon Fibers: Manufacturing of carbon fibres from PAN precursors, viscose and pitch
fibres. Pre- oxidation, carbonization and graphitization. Chemical and structural
changes in structure during these fibers. Structure and Properties of these fibers.
Liquid crystal fibres, Gel spinning

Unit III:

Flexible Chain based high performance fibers: High and ultramolecular weight
polyethylene. Structure and properties of these fibers.
Optical Fibers: Definition, working principle of optical fibers, different materials used
for manufacturing of optical fibers, different types of optical fibers. Manufacturing
process of optical fibers and their applications. Hollow and profile fibres, design of
spinnerette for such fibres.

Unit IV:
Glass fibres.PEEK fibers, Soyabean fibers etc. Memberane technology. Blended and
bicomponent fibres. Medical textiles ( fibers used in Medical textiles). Superabsorbent
fibres.

Plasma modification. Radiation processing. Industrial tapes. Biaxially oriented films

and film fibres. Barrier films and coatings.

Suggested Text Books and References:

1. P.Bajaj & A.K. Sengupta, “High performance fibers”

2. M. Lewin & J. Preston, “High Technology Fibers (Part A, B, C,D)”
3. Lewin & Pearce, “Handbook of Fiber Chemistry”. CRC Press LLC; 2 edition
(Feb 26 998)
 TT – 428
Industrial Engineering

L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
3 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs
UNIT I
Introduction to work study, Method study, Basic procedure, Recording techniques (charts and diagrams),
Elemental breakdown, Micro-motion studies, Therbligs, SIMO-chart, Principles of motion –economy.
Introduction, Objectives, technique, (time) information recording, methods of timings, Time study
allowances, Work sampling technique, Performance rating and its determination PMTS, M. T. M.,
Work factor.

UNIT II
Principles of organization, Importance and characteristics of organization, Organization theories,
Classical Organization theory, Neo-Classical organization theory, Modern organization theory, Types of
organization, Military or line organization, Functional organization, Line and staff organization,
Committees.
Objectives of PPC, Functions of PPC, Preplanning and planning, Routing, Estimating, scheduling-master
schedule, and Daily schedule, Gantt chart, Dispatching –centralized vs. decentralized, Control, Follow up
and progress reporting.
Introduction, Product development, Product characteristics, Role of product development, 3Ss –
Standardization, Simplification and Specialization.
UNIT III
Introduction, Objectives and importance of sales forecasting, Types of forecasting, Methods of sales
forecasting-Collective opinion method, Delphi technique, economic indicator method, Regression
analysis, Moving average method, Time series analysis.
Introduction, Functions of inventory, Types of inventory, Control importance and functions, Inventory
costs, Factors affecting inventory control, Various inventory control models. A. B. C. analysis, Lead-time
calculations.
UNIT IV
Introduction, Objectives, Concept and life cycle of a product and V.E., Steps in VE.Methodology and
techniques, Fast diagram, Matrix method.
Various concepts in industrial engineering
a) WAGES AND INCENTIVES, -Concept, Types, Plans, Desirable characteristics.
b) ERGONOMICS, - its importance, Man-machine work place system, Human factors
considerations in system design.
c) SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, - its definition, Concept, Objectives, Applications,
benefits, Some successful cases in Indian Industries.
d)JIT, - Its definition, Concept, Importance, Misconception, Relevance, Applications,
Elements of JIT (brief description).
e) MRP,-Introduction, Objectives, factors, Guide lines, Techniques Elements of MRP system,
Mechanics of MRP, MRP-II
f) TIME MANAGEMENT,-Introduction, Steps of time management, Ways for saving
time, Key for time saves.

Reference and Textbooks:

 Production planning and control by S.Elion
 Modren production Management by S.S Buffa
 Industrial engg. and management manufacturing system by Surender kumar,
Satya prakashan
 Essence of Supply Chain Management by R.P mohanty and S.G Deshmukh
 Industrial engg. and management by S Sharma and Savita sharama
NOTE: In the semester examination, the examiner will set 8 questions in all, at least two question from
each unit, and students will be required to attempt only 5 questions, at least one from each unit.
 TT- 434
NONWOVEN TECHNOLOGY
L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
3 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs
Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions from
each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required to
attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.

UNIT-1: Web Formation Technique

Definition of nonwoven, manufacturing steps of nonwoven fabrics, major fibres which
are used for manufacturing of nonwovens, classification of nonwoven.
Parallel laying and Cross laying techniques, Aerodynamic laying, wet laying technique,
spun-bond technique and melt-blown technique.

UNIT-2: Mechanical Bonding

Needle punching machine, needle board parameters, needle design, needle parameter,
needle modification. Factors affecting fabric structure and fabric mechanical
properties. Stitch bonding technique- Maliwat & Malivlies Stitch Bonding Technique,
Calculation of machine production.

UNIT-3: Chemical and Thermal Bonding

Bonding agents, forms and classes of adhesives or binders, characteristics required,
factors affecting adhesion, various bonding technique: spraying bonding, print bonding,
saturation bonding.
Advantages of thermal bonding over chemical bonding, different types of binders.
Bonding methods: hot calendaring, belt calendaring. Factors that affect the properties
of calendar bonded products. Fusion bonding, bonding types: through perforated
drums and perforated belts.

UNIT-4
Dry finishing of nonwoven- Shrinkage, Wrenching, Creeping, and Glazing. Wet
finishing of nonwoven: Washing, Dyeing, Printing. Chemical finishing: Antistatic,
Antimicrobial, Water repellent, Flame retardant, Water absorbency.
Defects of nonwoven fabrics. Test methods for nonwovens. Application of nonwoven
materials.

Suggested Text Books and References:

1. Madhavamoorthy, P., Shetty, G.S., NONWOVEN, Mahajan Publishers Pvt. Ltd.,
2005
2. Lunenschloss J and Albrecht W,” Non-woven Bonded Fabric”, Ellis and Horwood
Ltd., UK(1985)
3. Krema Radco,”Manual of nonwovens”,Textile trade Press, UK(1971)
4. Albrecht W, Fuchs H and Kittelmann,”Nonwoven Fabrics”, Wiley-VCH
Weinheim(2003)
 TT-436
PROCESSING OF MAN MADE FIBRES AND BLENDED
TEXTILES

L T P Sessional: 50 Marks
3 1 - Exam: 100 Marks
Total: 150 Marks
Time: 3 hrs

Note- Total eight questions will be set in the question paper taking two questions from
each unit by the paper setter for the examination. The student will be required to
attempt any five questions taking at least one question from each unit.

UNIT -I
Pretreatment of man mades and blends : Pretreatment of polyester , nylon , acrylic,
and their blends , viz. singeing ,desizing , scouring , bleaching ,mercerizing and heat
setting. Pretreatments machineries.

UNIT –II
Dyeing of man mades : Role of fibre structure in dyeing of man mades .Dyeing of
polyester & its blend. HTHP, Thermofixation and carrier dyeing. Dyeing of nylon and
its blend. Dyeing of acrylic with disperse, acid and cationic dyes. Dyeing of
differentially dyeable man mades.

UNIT – III

Printing of man mades and and blends: Direct, resist and discharge styles of printing of
polyester, nylon, acrylic and their blends. pigment printing and carbonised prints of
polyester. Transfer printing of polyester , nylon, acrylic and their blends.

UNIT –IV

Finishing of Manmade and Blends: Mechanical finishing: calendaring, raising,

emerising, decatising. Optical whitening , anti-pilling and durable press finishes . Soil
release, water repellent and flame retardant finishes on manmades and blends. Anti
static finish.

Suggested Text Books and References:

1. Nunn D M, “The dyeing of syntetic polymer and acetate fibres,” Dyers company
publication trust London (1979)
2. Shore J, “Colorants and auxiliaries ,” Vol-I and II , Society of dyers and colorists
, Bradford , England (1990)
3. Gulrajani M L , “Polyester Textiles ,” Book of paper : 37th National Textile
Conference ,The Textile Association ( India) Mumbai (1980).
4. Gulrajani M L , “Blended Textiles ,” Book of paper : 38th National Textile
Conference ,The Textile Association ( India) Mumbai (1981).
5. Datye K V and Vaidye – A A, “ Chemical Processing of Synthetic Fibres and
blends,” John Wiley and Sons,New York (1984).