CAPSULE PROPOSAL

A. RESEARCH TITLE: “A qualitative Inquiry on Student Entrepreneurship

and its impact on Management Practices among SHS Student
entrepreneurs”
B. RESEARCHER NAME DEPT./SCHOOL
PROPONENT Genevive B. Arong Surigao Del Norte
Nur Zamia Fatima M. Lantud National Highschool
Janine G. Malinao
Joey L. Nogaliza
Angel Mae P.Tabernero
C. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Through the years, the emergence of young student entrepreneurs all around the

world is not anymore surprising. Student entrepreneurs are students using “classrooms

and labs as platforms, resources, and subsidies to construct marketable products,

processes, or services” (Mars, Slaughter, & Rhoades, 2008 cited in Hermens &

Marchand, 2015). They are everywhere and can be found in any school under different

institutions, a fact supported by Santander University UK (n.d., cited in O'Neill, 2015),

which revealed that twenty-four percent of university students run a business venture

of some sort. In addition, these student entrepreneur’s propensity to start a business is

influenced by different contexts. One good example are student entrepreneurs whose

families have business backgrounds.

A survey conducted by Sieger, Fueglistaller, & Zellweger (2016) shows that 17.5%

among the students from different countries engaged in business activities have

parents who are self-employed or own a private business. Furthermore, Sieger et al.

(2016) also recognized the influences student entrepreneurs acquire in the university

context. The survey states that “the more intensive the students’ involvement in

entrepreneurial activities and offerings are, the stronger their entrepreneurial intentions

are.” Therefore, continuous interaction and involvement with related activities may also

influence an ordinary student’s entrepreneurial interest.

In the Philippines, around 45 percent of those engaged in early stage

entrepreneurship belong to the group of 18-34 years old, with high school graduates
dominating the start-up phase (Reyes, 2015). In addition, various well-known and

successful business establishments in the country are owned by individuals who started

their business when they were in their early 20’s, with some starting at the age of 17,

without necessarily having specific entrepreneurial backgrounds (Concepcion, 2011).

Correspondingly, Malolos (2017) states that not all successful entrepreneurs have

entrepreneurship or business degrees. Oftentimes, these individuals have inherent

entrepreneurial skills, which they hone overtime to propel their business to success.

Factors such as leadership skills, creativity and problem-solving skills contribute

effectively to students’ entrepreneurial capabilities (Ramos, 2014).

Surigao Del Norte National Highschool, a school known for producing excellent

business-inclined individuals, is not an exception to this trend. We, the researchers,

transact with these student entrepreneurs on a daily basis and as a result, they have

become the subject of interest for this particular study. As students ourselves, we know

how stressful it is to manage academics alone. Hence, this reality of student life has

made us question how these particular student entrepreneurs balance their business

and personal lives. Management is defined as the judicious use of means to accomplish

an end (Merriam-Webster.com, 2018). Thus, it is this study’s purpose to investigate the

practices that student entrepreneurs from Surigao Del Norte National High school do

to control and coordinate their resources productively.

This study identified the different management practices and level of consistency

among student entrepreneurs on running their business as well as handling the varying

factors that they encounter from time to time. The coping practices of student

entrepreneurs were also highlighted in this study. This research was conducted to

identify and to analyze the different skill-related dimensions and practices of student

entrepreneurs among the selected SHS students in Surigao Del Norte National

Highschool Through qualitative inquiry, this study followed the phenomenological

design by gathering information on the lived experiences of seven student

entrepreneurs from the senior high school.

 In line with this, we would also like to investigate the various aspects that student

entrepreneurs consider to effectively manage their business and other activities.

Through qualitative inquiry, we will gather all the necessary information, particularly on

the student entrepreneurs’ time management and academic management, as well as

the consistency of being a student entrepreneur. In addition, we also aim to inquire on

the management skills and techniques of student entrepreneurs who have no

entrepreneurial backgrounds, such as students belonging to other strands other than

Accountancy, Business and Management. We, the researchers, hope that the

information gathered from this study will create an impact on our lives not just in terms

of business but also in other aspects.

D. RESEARCH PROBLEM

1. This Study will focus on the student entrepreneurship and its

impact on management practices.

E. RESEARCH POURPOSE

We aim to create the following impacts on the institutions stated below through
this study:

Students. This study aims to serve as a means to aid aspiring student

entrepreneurs in deepening their understanding of the processes and

considerations that take place in managing a business. In addition, this study

can become a source of additional information for already existing student

entrepreneurs regarding a more effective management for their time. This study

can also make students aware of the existing struggles that student

entrepreneurs encounter day to day. Lastly, the content of this study is not

limited for student entrepreneurs alone; it is also intended for ordinary students

to use as a guide in developing their own patterns of managing other aspects in

life.
 Teachers. This study seeks to serve as a concrete example that teachers of

business-related subjects can use for a more effective portrayal of lectures and

lessons within the course. This study can also be a bridge between student

entrepreneurs and their teachers which can result to a deeper understanding of

one another.

School. This research may encourage schools to be more aware of existing

student entrepreneurs, thus, they can choose to provide sufficient support like

creating a more student entrepreneur-friendly environment and holding different

events that can be used as a stepping stone for students to sell their products.

Furthermore, this study can also deepen the administration of a certain school

to broaden their knowledge on the demands of the business world to young

entrepreneurs. This can lead to the possibility of high schools to offer more

entrepreneur-related subjects to courses that do not specialize on business.

Future Researchers. This study can be an aid for future studies in terms of

providing existing themes and trends among student entrepreneurs. The

researchers are hoping that this study can provide enough information in such a

way that future researchers can gather the necessary contents, such as the

analysis and patterns, needed for their own studies. The researchers also hope

that the references used in this study can be a way for future researchers to

discover a wider scope of references for their own researches.

F. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
General Question:

1. What are the impact in management practices of being student

entrepreneurs?

Specific Question:

1. What is the level of student entrepreneurship among shs

Students in terms of
1.1 Consistency
 1.2 Frequency

2. What is the degree of impact on management practices as

exercised by students entrepreneurs in SNNHS SHS in terms of:
2.1 time Management
2.2 Academic Performance

G. METHODS
Participants and sampling

This study employed the phenomenological design under qualitative approach

in which we utilized the participants’ lived experiences to collect as well as analyze the

necessary information for the accomplishment of the goals of this study.

Qualitative research refers to a variety of approaches that aim to generate a

comprehensive understanding of the social world by seeking to learn about people's

lived experiences (Kemparaj, Chavan, & Sangeeta, 2013). Furthermore, according to

Creswell (2011), in gathering data for this kind of research, the researchers collect data,

which may be in words or images, for learning about the participants. In qualitative

research, researchers ask general questions that focus on a single idea so that the

participants can provide answers to the questions and freely shape their responses.

From this, the researchers will describe the data using different themes and text

analysis and interpret what the descriptions mean. Reporting this kind of research can

be done using a wide range of formats.

The phenomenological research design refers to the study of personal

experience which requires a description or interpretation of the meanings of a certain

phenomenon the participants have experienced (Padilla-Díaz, 2015). In this study, we,

the researchers, described the experiences of the selected participants by conducting

profound interviews and follow-up questions to acquire an in-depth understanding of

their experiences as student entrepreneurs.

This study made use of the phenomenological research design as it explored

the experiences of different student entrepreneurs regarding the management of their

businesses and the different challenges they face in their lives as both students and

entrepreneurs. The phenomenological design was applicable in this study because it

focused on the lived experiences of a particular group and it sought to describe a

particular phenomenon, the group being the student entrepreneurs (Creswell, 2011).

Research Participants

According to Sargeant (2012), the subjects involved in a qualitative research’s

sample must have the ability to impart important aspects, outlook, and information

that are interconnected to the phenomenon being studied. In this study, the

participants were SNNHS senior high school students. Furthermore, the participants

were chosen through purposive sampling to guarantee that the fundamental data

that the researchers will need will be given as needs be. According to Crossman

(2018), a purposive example is a non-likelihood test that is chosen in view of

attributes of a populace and the target of the investigation. Purposive inspecting is

otherwise called judgmental, particular, or abstract examining. Sargeant (2012) states

that the sample size depends on how many can fully inform the researchers about all

the relevant factors in the phenomenon being studied. However, according to

Creswell (2007, as cited in Hadzilias 2011), there should be 5-25 participants in an

interview and that these individuals should have experienced the phenomenon being

studied. With all these criteria given, we, the researchers selected seven student

entrepreneurs from SNNHS. This sample size was determined with regards to the

availability of the participants. The student entrepreneurs chosen knew the basics of

entrepreneurship and had sufficient expertise and experience in entrepreneurship. All

these qualifications were used in selecting the participants to make this study reliable

and accurate.

Data Collection Analysis

There are various ways of data collecting method that are utilized in qualitative

research. However, the most commonly used methods are interviews, observations,
and document review (Creswell, n.d. as cited in Dave, 2013; Data Collection Methods,

n.d.). Interviews are a qualitative research technique which involves performing

intensive individual discussions with a small number of participants to delve into their

perspectives and ideas about a particular subject (Boyce & Neale, 2006 as cited in

Interviews, n.d.). Moreover, there are three different formats of interviews namely:

structured, unstructured, and semi-structured. On the other hand, observations are a

systematic data collection approach where the researchers employ the use of their

senses to study people in their natural environments (Cohen & Crabtree, 2006). The

types of observation methods are participant and non-participant. Finally, document

review is a data collection method that involves going-over existing documents,

literature and studies in relation to the subject at hand (Document review definition,

n.d.).

In this study, we, the researchers, used a semi-structured interview as the

method for collecting data from the senior high school students of Surigao Del Norte

National High school . A semi-structured interview follows a prepared outline of

questions to be asked to the interviewee but allows, us, the interviewer to present

follow-up questions. Using this method, we gathered the live experiences of student

entrepreneurs and their management skills. Furthermore, an intensive document

review was done to provide relevant support and literature to the findings of the study.

Therefore, this study utilized both primary and secondary sources.

Data Collection

In the beginning of this research, we gathered articles, journals, and books that

are related to the level of Student Entrepreneurship in terms of Consistency and

management skills. The documents gathered were from different credible and reliable

websites. These documents provided initial information about student entrepreneurs

that can be used for this study. An interview is the recording and analyzing of the

opinions, experiences, beliefs, and ideas of a person on a relevant topic which gives a

profound insight into the social phenomena (Gill, Stewart, Treasure, & Chadwick, 2008
as cited in Parveen & Showkat, 2017). In line with this, we used in-depth semi-

structured interviews with the senior high students of SNNHS that have experiences in

running a business. According to Ben McCamon (n.d. as cited in Keene n.d.), semi-

structured interviews are used to collect focused, qualitative data which gives flexibility

of an open-ended interview while still focusing on the topic. The interview was semi-

structured and aimed to identify the participant’s experiences and skills regarding the

said study. We, the researchers, made a set of questions prior to interview. However,

we were not restricted to ask follow-up questions for the interview to appear

conversational while making sure to collect reliable and comparable qualitative data.

During the interview, one of us which served as the interviewer asked the questions

and recorded the answers using a phone recorder to acquire an accurate record of the

interview. Thereafter, the data collected was saved for review and further analysis.

Data Analysis

The data extracted from the respective respondents was scrupulously analyzed

and subjected to thorough comprehension by us. This was essential in order to find a

pattern or a scheme in the responses of the student entrepreneurs on their time

management skills that might prove useful for the overall conclusion and context of the

research. It was also important to keep track of this pattern to spot a deviation or an

atypical response that might arouse new ideas and concepts and how it will broaden

the vision for the study. The data was based on the respondents' experience,

perspective, and statement of opinions and was not changed or manipulated in its

context. We used a deductive approach which involves using the research questions

of this study to analyze the data more effectively (How to effectively carry out a

qualitative data analysis. Moreover, the data collected was analyzed through thematic

analysis where we identified major themes based on the repeating patterns observed

from the data gathered.