Pr·oble!

JlS i11 GeoJJzetr·, •

A.KUTEPOV
and
A.RUBANOV
MIR PUBLISHERS
MOSCOW

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The book contains a collection of 1351
problems (with answers) in plane and so-
lid geometry for technical schools and
colleges. The problems are of varied
content, involving calculations, proof,
construction of diagrams, and determi-
nation of the spatial location of geomet-
rical points.
lt gives sufficient problems to meet the
needs of students for practica! work in
geometry, and the requirements of the
teacher for varied material for tests, etc.
A.R. KYTEITOB,A. T. PYBAHOB

3A.UA11Hllli
no
rEOMETPHH

Ha¡¡;aTeJII>CTBo «BLremaR mKona»

A. KUTEPOV and A. RUBANOV

Problems
in Geometry
Translated from the Russian
by OLEG MESHKOV

Translation editor
LEONID LEVANT

MIR PUBLISHERS • MOSCOW

 First published 1975
Second printing 1978

Ha ana.~~uií.cKOM JlaWKe

© English translation, Mir Publishers, 1975

 CONTENTS

CHAPTER l. REVIEW PROBLEMS

i. The Ratio and Proportionality of Line Segments,
Similarity of Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2. Metric Relationships in a Right-Angled Triangle fO
3. Regular Polygons, the Length of the Circumference
and the Are f5
4. Areas of Plane Figures f7

CHAPTER 11. SOLVING TRIANGLES

5. Solving Right-Angled Triangles 22
6. Solving Oblique Triangles . . . . 29
Law of Cosines . . . . . . . . . 29
Law of Sines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3f
Areas of Triangles, Parallelograms and Quadrila-
terals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Basic Cases of Solving Oblique Triangles . . . . . 34
Particular Cases of Solving Oblique Triangles 34
Heron's Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Radii r and R of Inscribed and Circumscribed Circles
and the Area S of a Triangle . . . . 36
Miscellaneous Problems . . . . . . . . . . . 37

CHAPTER III. STRAIGHT LINES AND PLANES IN

SPACE
7. Basic Concepts and Axioms. Two Straight Lines in
Space . . . . . . · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
8. Straight Lines Perpendicular and Inclined to a Plane 46
9. Angles Formed by a Straight Line and a Plane . . . 52
fO. Parallelism of a Straight Line and a Plane · 55
H. Parallel Planes . . . . ·. . . . . . . 59
f2. Dihedral Anttles. Perpendicular Planes . 63
f3. Areas of ProJections of Plane Figures . . 67
14. Polyhedral Anglas • • , • • . . • • • 69
6 CONTENTS

CHAPTER IV. POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS

f5. Prisms and Parallelepipeds 7f
f6. The Pyramid . . . . . . . 77
f 7. The Truncated Pyramid Si
f8. Regular Polyhedrons . . . 84
f9. The Right Circular Cylinder 86
20. The Right Circular Cone 89
2L The Truncated Cone . . . 93

CHAPTER V. AREAS OF POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND

SOL IDS
22. Areas of Parallelepipeds and Prisms 97
23. Areas of Pyramids . . . . . . . f02
24. Areas of Truncated Pyramids f05
25. Areas of Cylinders f08
26. Areas of Cones fH
27. Areas of Truncated Cones H5

CHAPTER VI. VOLUMES OF POLYHEDRONS AND

ROUND SOLIDS
28. Volumes of Parallelepipeds HS
29. Volumes of Prisms . . . . f22
30. Volumes of Pyramids . . . f27
3L Volumes of Truncated Pyramids f33
32. Volumes of Cylinders . . . . f37
33. Volumes of Cones . . . . . f4f
34. Volumes of Truncated Cones f45

CHAPTER VII. THE SPHERE

35. Spheres . . . . . . . . . . . . . f49
36. Areas of Spheres and Their Parts . f52
37. Volumes of Spheres and Their Parts f55
38. Inscribed and Circumscribed Spheres f59

CHAPTER VIII. APPLYING TRIGONOMETRY TO

SOLVING GEOMETRIC PROBLEMS
39. Polyhedrons . . . . . . . . . . f64
40. Round Solids . . . . . . . . . . f68
4L Areas and Volumes of Prisms f72
42. Areas and Volumes of Pyramids . f76
43. Areas and Volumes of Round Solids f8f
Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f87
 CHAPTER I
REVIEW PROBLEMS

1. The Ratio and Proportionality

of Line Segments, Similarity of Triangles
t. Are the line segments Ae and eD (Ae and DB),
into whieh the line segment AB is divided by the points
e and D, eommensurable, if:
1 1
(a) Ae: en: DB = 3.5: 4 s: 3T ;

(b) Ae: en: DB = y2: ~ : ~ ?

2. Is it possible to eonstruet a triangle from three line
segments whieh are in the following ratios:
(a) 2 : 3 : 4; (b) 2 : 3 : 5; (e) 1 : 1 : 1;
(d) 2 : 5 : 80; (e) 2 : 75 : 75?
3. 1. Given on the axis Ox are the points A (6; O)
and B (18; 0). Find the eoordinates of the point e whieh
divides the line segment AB in the following ratios:
(a) Ae: eB = 1; (b) Ae : eB = 1 : 2;
(e) Ae : eB = 5 : 1.

2. The point B divides the line segment in the ratio

m: n. Find the lengths of the segments AB and Be if
Ae =a.
4. Given in the orthographie system of eoordinates
are two points: A (2; 4) and B (8; 12). Find the eoordi-
8 PROBLEMS IN GEOI!riETRY

nates of the point M which divides the segment AB in the

ratio:
(a) AM: MB = 1; (b) AM: MB = 2: 1.

5. 1. Compute the scale if the true length AB = 4 km

is representad in the drawing by a segment AB = 8 cm.
2. Compute the true length of the bridge which is
representad on a map drawn to tho scale 1 : 20,000 by
a line segment 9.8 cm long.
6. Given a triangle ABC in which AB = 20 dm and
BC = 30 dm. A bisector BD is drawn in the triangle
(the point D lies on the side AC). A straight line DE
is drawn through the point D and parallel to the side AB
(the point E lies on the side BC), and another straight
line EK is drawn through the point E and parallel to
BD. Determine the side AC if AD- KC = 1 cm.
7. The sides of a triangle are 40 cm, 50 cm and 60 cm
long. In what ratio is each bisector divided by the other
ones as measured from the vertex?
8. The sides of an angle A are intersected by two paral-
lel straight lines BD and CE, the points B and C lying
on one side of this angle, and D and E on the other.
Find AB if AC + BC = 21 m and AE : AD = 5 : 3.
9. Drawn from the point M are three rays. Line seg-
ments MA = 18 cm and MB =54 cm are laid off on the
first ray, segments MC = 25 cm and MD = 75 cm on
the second one, and a segment MN of an arbitrary length
on the third. A straight line is drawn through the point
A_ and parallel to BN to intersect the segment MN at
the point K. Then a straight line is drawn through the
point K and parallel to ND. Will the latter line pass
through the point C?
10. The bases of a trapezium are equal to m and n
(m > n), and the altitude to h. Find: (1) the distance
between the shorter base and the point at which the
extended lateral sides intersect, (2) the ratio in which
the diagonals are divided by the point of their inter-
section, (3) the distances between the point of intersec-
tion of the diagonals and the bases of the trapezium.
CH , I. REVIEW PROBLEMS 9

11. What must the diameter of an Earth's satellite be

for an observar to see a total lunar eclipse at a distance
of 1000 km from it?
12. The length of the shadow cast by a factory chimney
is 38.5 m. At the same moment the shadow cast by a
man 1.8 m in height is 2.1 m long. Find the height of
the chimney.
13. Prove that two similar triangles inscribed in one
and the same circle are equal to each other.
14. Inscribed in an angle are two mutually tangent
circles whose radii are 5 cm and .13 cm. Determine the
distances between their centres and the vertex of the
angle.
15. A triangle ABC with an obtuse angle B is inscribed
in a circle. The altitude AD of the triangle is tangent
to the circle. Find the altitude if the side BC = 12 cm,
and the segment BD = 4 cm.
16. Two circles whose radii are 8 cm and 3 cm are
externally tangent. Determine the distance between the
point of tangency of the circles and a line externally
tangent to both of them.
17. A triangle AB C is inscribed in a circle.., A straight
line is drawn through the vertex B and parallel to the
line tangent to the circle at the point A to intersect the
side AC at the point D. Find the length of the segment
AD if AB = 6 cm, AC = 9 cm.
18. A circle is inscribed in an isosceles triangle whose
lateral side is 54 cm and the base is 36 cm. Determine
the distances between the points at which the circle
contacts the sides of the triangle.
19. Given a triangle ABC whose sides are: AB = 15 cm,
AC = 25 cm, BC = 30 cm. Taken on the side AB is
a point D through which a straight line DE (the point E
is located on AC) is drawn so that the angle AED is
equal to the angle ABC. The perimeter of the triangle
ADE is equal to 28 cm. Find the lengths of the line
segments BD and CE.
20. The bases of a trapezium are 7.2 cm and 12.8 cm
-ong. Determine the length of the line segment which
fO PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

is parallel to the bases and divides the given trapezium

into two similar trapeziums. Into what parts is one of the
lateral sides (12.6 cm long) of the given trapezium
divided by this segment?
21. Given in the triangle ABC: AB = e, BC = a,
AC = b, and the angle BAC is twice as bigas the angle
ABC. A point D is taken on the extension of the side CA
so that AD = AB. Find the length of the line segment BD.
22. In an acute triangle ABC the altitudes AD and CE
are drawn. Find the length of the line segment DE if
AB = 15 cm, AC = 18 cm and BD = 10 cm.
23. Prove that a straight line passing through the
point of intersection of the extended lateral sides of
a trapezium and also through the point of intersection
of its diagonals divides both bases of the trapezium into
equal parts.
24. Prove that if two circles are tangent externally,
then the segment of the tangent line bounded by the
points of tangency is the mean proportional to the dia-
meters of the circles.
25. Inscribe a rectangle in a given triangle so that
one of its sides lies on the base of the triangle, and the
vertices of the opposite angles on the lateral sides of the
triangle and that the sides of the rectangle are in the
same ratio as 1 : 2.
26. Find the locus of the points which divide all the
chords passing through the given point of a circle in the
ratio of m to n.

2. Metric Relationships in a Right-Angled Triangle

27. 1. Compute the hypotenuse given the sides contain-
ing the right angle:
(a) 15 cm and 36 cm; (b) 6.8 and 2.6.
2. Compute one of the sides containing the right angle
given the hypotenuse and the other side:
(a) 113 and 15; (b) 5 and 1.4; (e) 9 and 7.
CH. I. REVIEW PROBLEMS 11

3. Given two elements of a right-angled triangle com-

pute the remaining four elements:
(a) b = 6, be = 3.6; (b) ae = 1, be = 9; (e) a = 68,
h = 60.
28. Prove that the ratio of the projections of the sides
containing the right angle on the hypotenuse is equal
to the ratio of the squares of these sides.
29. Prove that if in a triangle ABC the altitude CD
is the mean proportional to the segínents AD and BD
of the base AB, then the angle C is a right one.
30. A perpendicular dropped from a point of a circle
on its diameter divides the latter into segments whose
difference is equal to 12 cm. Determine the diameter if
the perpendicular is 8 cm long.
31. Given two line segments a and b. Construct ·a
triangle with the sides a, b and V ab.
32. In a right-angled triangle the bisector of the right
angle divides the hypotenuse in the ratio m : n. In
what ratio is the hypotenuse divided by the altitude
dropped from the vertex of the right angle?
33. In a right-angle<:\ triangle the perpendicular to the
hypotenuse dropped from the midpoint of one of the
sides containing the right angle divides the hypotenuse
into two segments: 5 cm and 3 cm. Find these sides.
34. An altitude BD is drawn in a triangle ABC. Con-
structed on the sirles AB and BC are right-angled triang-
les ABE and BCF whose angles BAE and BCF are
right ones and AE = DC, FC = AD. Prove that the
hypotenuses of these triangles are equal to each ·other.
35. The sides of a triangle are as 5 : 12 : 13. Determine
them if the difference between the line segments into
which the bisector of the greater angle divides the opposite
side is equal to 7 cm.
36. 1. One of the sides containing the right angle in
a right-angled triangle is 6 cm longer than the other
one; the hypotenuse is equal to 30 cm. Determine the
bisector of tbe larger acute angle.
12 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

2. The sides containing the right angle are equal to

6 cm and 12 cm. Determine the bisector of the right angle.
37. A circle with the radius of 8 cm is inscribed in
a right-angled triangle whose hypotenuse is equal to
40 cm. Determine the sides containing the right angle
and the distance between the centres of the inscribed
and circumscribed circles.
38. The base of an isosceles triangle is equal to 48 cm,
and the lateral side to 40 cm. Find the distances between
the centre of gravity and the vertices of this triangle.
39. The sides containing the right angle are: AC =
= 30 cm, BC = 16 cm. From C as centre with radius CB
an are is drawn to intersect the hypotenuse at point D.
Determine the length of the line segment BD.
40. A quarter timber has the greatest bending strength
if the perpendiculars dropped from two opposite vertices
of the cross-section rectangle divide its diagonal into
three equal parts. Determine the size of the cross-section
for such a timber which can be made from a log 27 cm
in diameter.
41. At what distarrce does the cosmonaut see the sky-
line if _bis spaceship is at an altitude of 300 km above
the surface of the Earth, whose radius is equal to 6400 km?
42. A circle with the centre at the point M (3; 2)
touches the bisector of the first quadrant. Determine:
(1) the rad-ius of the circle, (2) the distance between the
centre of the circle and the origin of coordinates.
43. A rhombus is inscribed in a parallelogram with an
acute angle of 45° so that the minor diagonal of the former
serves as the altitude of the latter. The larger side of the
parallelogram is equal to 24 cm, the side of the rhombus
to 13 cm. Determine the diagonals of the rhombus and the
shorter side of the parallelogram.
44. The base of an isosceles triangle is equal to 12 cm
and the altitude to 9 cm. On the base as on a chord a
circle is constructed which touch'eS the lateral sides of
the triangle. Find the radius of this circle.
CH. I. REVIEW PROBLEMS f3

45. The radius of a circle is equal to 50 cm; two paral-

lel chords are equal to 28 cm and 80 cm. Determine the
distance between them.
46. The radii of two circles are equal to 54 cm and
26 cm, and the distance between their centres to 1 m.
Determine the lengths of their common tangent lines.
47. 1. From a point 4 cm distant from a circle a tangent
line is drawn 6 cm long. Find the radius of the circle.
2. A chord 15 cm distant from the centre is 1.6 times
the length of the radius. Determine the length of the
chord.
48. The upper base BC of an isosceles trapezium ABCD
serves as a chord of a circle tangent to the median (mid-
line) of the trapezium and is equal to 24 cm. Determine
the lower base and the lateral side of the trapezium if
the radius of the circle is equal to 15 cm and the angle
at the lower base to 45°.
49. An isosceles trapezium with the lateral side of
50 cm, is circumscribed about a circle whose radius is
equal to 24 cm. Determine the bases of the trapezium.
50. A circle is circumscribed about an isosceles trape-
zium. Find the distances between the centre of this
circle and each base of the trapezium if the midline of
the t.rapezium equal to its altitude is 7 cm long, and
its bases are as 3 : 4.
51. A segment AE (1 cm long) is laid off on the side of
a square ABCD. The point E is joined to the vertices B
and C of the square. Find the altitude BF of the triangle
BCE if the side of the square is equal to 4 cm.
52. Two sides of a triangle are equal to 34 cm and
56 cm; the median drawn to the third side is equal to
39 cm. Find the distance between the end of this median
and the longe-r of the given sides.
53. In an obtuse isosceles triangle a perpendicular is
dropped from the vertex of the obtuse angle to the lateral
side to intersect the base of the triangle. Find the line
segments into which the base is divided by the perpendi-
cular if the base of the triangle is equal to 32 cm, and
the altitude to 12 cm.
14 PROBLEMS IN GBOMETRY

54. A rectangle whose base is twice as long as the

altitude is inscribed in a segment with an are of 120°
and an altitude h. Determine the perimeter of the rectangle.
55. Determine the kind of the following triangles (as
far as their angles are concerned) given their sides:
(1) 7, 24, 26; (2) 10, 15, 18; (3) 7, 5, 1; (4) ~. 4, 5.
56. 1. Given two sides of a triangle equal to 28 dm
and 32 dm containing an angle of 120° determine its
third side.
2. Determine the lateral sides of a triangle if their
difference is equal to 14 cm, the base to 26 cm, and the
angle opposite it to 60°.
57. In a triangle ABC the base AC = 30 cm, the side
BC = 51 cm, and its projection on the base is equal
to 46.2 cm. In what portions is the side AB divided by
the bisector of the angle C?
58. Prove that if M is a point on the altitude BD of
a triangle ABC, then AB 1 - nca = AM 11 - CM 11 •
59. The diagonals of a parallelogram are equal to
14 cm and 22 cm, its perimeter to 52 cm. Find the sides
of the parallelogram.
60. Three chords intersect at one point inside a circle.
The segmenta of the first chord are equal to 1 dm and
12 dm, the difference between the segments of the second

Ftg. 1

one is equal to 4 dm, and the segmenta of the third chord

are in the ratio of 4 to 3. Determine the length of each
chord.
CH. I. REVIEW PROiiLEI!riS 15

et. According to the established rules the radius of

curvatura of a gauge should not be less than 600 m.
Are the following curvaturas allowable:
(1) the chord is equal to 120m and the sagitta to 4 m;
(2) the chord is equal to 160m and the sagitta to 4 m?
62. Compute the radius of the log (Fig. 1) using the
dimensiona (in mm) obtained with the aid of a caliper.
3. Regular Polygoos,
the Length of the Circumference and the Are
63. 1. What regular polygons of equal size can be used
to manufacture parquet tiles?
2. Check to see whether it is possible to fit without a
gap round a point on a plane: (a) regular triangles and
regular hexagons; (b) regular hexagons and squares; (e)
regular octagons and squares; (d) regular pentagons and
regular decagons. What pairs (from those mentioned
above) can be used for parqueting a floor?
64. Cut a regular hexagon into:
(1) three equal rhombuses; (2) six equal isosceles
triangles.
65. A regular triangle is inscribed in a circle whose
radius is equal to 12 cm. A chord is drawn through the
midpoints of two ares of the circle. Find the segments
of the chord into which it is divided by the sides of the
triangle.
66. Given the apothem of a hexagon inscribed in
a circle ka = 6. Compute R, a 3 , a 41 , ae, k3 , k 41 •
67. Inscribed in a circle are a regular triangle, quadri-
lateral and hexagon whose sides are the sidas of a trian-
gle inscribed in another circle of radius r = 6 cm. Find
the radius R of the first circle.
68. A common chord of two intersecting circles is
equal to 20 cm. Find (accurate to 1 mm) the distance
between the centres of the circles if this chord serves as
the side of an inscrfbed square in one circle, and as the
side of an inscribed regular hexagon in the other, and
the centres of the circles are situated on different sides
of the chord.
1.6 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

69. 1. Constructed on the diameter of a circle, as on

the base, is an isosceles triangle whose lateral s de is
equal to the side of a regular triangle inscr bed in this
circle. Prove that the altitude of this triangle is equal
to the side of a square inscribed in this circle.
2. Using only a pair of compasses, construct a circle
and divide it into four equal parts.
70. A regular quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle
and a regular triangle is circumscribed about it; the
difference between the sides of these polygons is equal
to 10 cm. Determine the circumference of the circle
(accurate to 0.1 cm).
71. The length of the circumference of the outer circle
of the cross section of a pipe is equal to 942 mm, wall
thickness to 20 mm. Find the length of the circumference
of the inner circle.
72. A pulley 0.3 m in diameter must be connected
with another pulley through a belt transmi sion. The
first pulley revolves at a speed of 1000 r.p.m. What
diameter must the second pulley have to revolve at
a speed of 200 r.p.m.?
73. Two artificial satellites are in circular orbits about
the Earth at altitudes of h 1 and h 2 (h1 > h 2), respectively.
In sorne time the altitude of flight of each satellite dec-
reased by 10 km as compared with the initial one. The
length of which orbit is reduced to a greater extent?
74. A regular triangle ABC inscribed in a circle of
radius R revolves about the point D which is the foot
of the altitude BD of the triangle. Find the path traver-
sed by the point B during a complete revolutio~ of the
triangle.
75. A square with the side 6 V2 cm is inscribed in
a circle about which an isosceles trapezium is circum-
scribed. Find the length of the circumference of a circle
constructed on the diagonal of this trapezium if the
difference between the lengths of its bases is equal to
18 cm.
76. 1. A circle of radius 8 m is unbent to form an are
of radius 10 m. Find the central angle thus obtained.
CH. l. REVIEW PROBLEKS

2. A circle of radius 18 dm is unbent to form an are

subtending a central angle of 300°. Find the radius of
the are.
3. An are of radius 12 cm subtending a central angle
of 240° is bent to form a circle. Find the radius of the
circle thus obtained.
4. An are of radius 15 cm is bent to complete a ci rcle
of radius 6 cm. How many degrees did the are conta in?
5. Compute the length of 1o of the Earth meridian,
taking Íhe radius of the Earth to be equal to 6400 km.
6. Prove tbat in two circles central angles correspondiJlg
to ares of an equal length are inversely proportional
to the radii.
77. A regular triangle ABC with the side a moves
without sliding along a straight line L, which is the
extension of the side AC, rotating first about the vertex C,
then B and so on. Determine the path traversed by the
point A between its two successive positions on the line L.
78. On the altitude of a regular triangle as on the
diameter a semi-circle is constructed. Find the length
of the are contained between the sides of the triangle if
the radius of the circle inscribed in the triangle is equal
to m cm.
4. Areas of Plane Figures
79. Determine the si des of a rectangle if they are in
the ratio of 2 to 5, and its area is equal tú 25.6 cm 2 •
80. Determine the area of a rectangle whose diagonal
is equal to 24 dm and the angle between the diagonals
to 60°.
81. Marked off on the side BC of a rectangle ABCD
is a segment BE equal to the side AB. Compute the area
of the rectangle if AE = 32 dm and BE : EC == 5 : 3.
82. The projection of the centre of a circle inscribed
in a rhombus on its side divides the latter into the seg-
ments 2.25 m and 1.21 m long. Find the area of the rhom-
bus.
83. 'Determine the area of a circle if it is less than tbe
area of a square circumscribed about it by 3.44 cm 2 •
18 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

84. The altitude BE of a parallelogram ABCD divides

the side AD into segments which are in the ratio of 1 to 3.
Find the area of the parallelogram if its shorter side AB
is equal to 14 cm, and the angle ABD = 90°.
85. The distance between the centre of symmetry of
a parallelogram and its longer side is equal to 12 cm.
The area of the parallelogram is equal to 720 cm 2 , its
perimeter being equal to 100 cm. Determine the diagonals
of the parallelogram if the difference between them equals
24 cm.
86. 1. Determine the area of a rhombus whose side is
equal to 20 dm and one of the diagonals to 24 dm.
2. The side of a rhombus is equal to 30 dm, the smaller
diagonal to 36 dm. Determine the area of a circle inscri-
bed in this rhombus.
87. The diagonals of a parallelogram are the axis of
ordinates and the bisector of the first and third quadrants.
Find the area of the parallelogram given the coordinates
of its two vertices: (3; 3) and (O; -3).
88. The perimeter of an isosceles triangle is equal to
84 cm; the lateral side is to the base in the ratio of 5 to 4.
Determine the area of the triangle.
89. The median of a right-angled triangle drawn to the
hypotenuse is 6 cm long and is inclined to it at an angle
of 60°. Find the area of this triangle.
90. A point M is taken inside an isosceles triangle
whose side is a. Find the sum of the lengths of the per-
pendiculars dropped from this point on the sides of the
triangle.
91. In an isosceles triangle ABC an altitude AD is
drawn to its lateral side. The projection of the point D
on the base AC of the triangle divides the base into the
segments m and n. Find the area of the triangle.
92. Prove that the triangles formed by the diagonals
of a trapezium and its lateral sides are equal.
93. The altitude of a regular triangle is equal to 6 dm.
Determine the side of a square equal to the circle circum-
scribed about the triangle.
CH. I. RBVIEW PROBLEMS 19

94. A square whose side is 4 cm long is turned around

its centre by 45°. Compute the area of the regular poly-
gon thus obtained.
95. Find the area of the common portion of two equila-
teral triangles one of which is obtained from the other
by turning it round its centre by an angle of 60°. The
side of the triangle is equal to 3 dm.
96. The area of a right-angled triangle amounts to
28.8 dm 2, and the sides containing the right angle are
as 9 : 40. Determine the area of the circle circumscribed
about this triangle.
97. In an isosceles trapezium the parallel sides are
equal to 8 cm and 16 cm, and the diagonal bisects the
angle at the base. Compute the area of the trapezium.
98. The perimeter of an isosceles trapezium is 62 m.
The smaller base is equal to the lateJ:al side, the larger
base being 10 m longar. Find the area of the trapezium.
99. A plot fenced for a cattle-yard has the forro of
a right-angled trapezium. The difference between the
bases of thts trapezium is equal to 30 m, the smaller
lateral side to 40 m. The area of the plot amounts to
1400 m2 • How much does the fence cost if 1m of its length
costs 80 kopecks?
100. A trapezium is inscribed in a circle of radius 2 dm.
Compute the area of the trapezium if its acute angla is
equal to 60° and one of its bases is equal to the lateral
side.
101. Two parallelly running steel pipes of an air duct
each 300 mm in diameter are replaced by one polyethylene
tube. What diameter must this tube have to ensure the
same capacity of the air duct?
102. The area of a circle whose radius is 18 dm is
divided by a concentric circle into two equal parts.
Determine the radius of this circle.
103. Find the cross-sectional area of a hexagonal nut
(Fig. 2).
104. Find the area of a figure bounded by three semi-
circles shown in Fig. 3, if AB = 4 cm and BD = 4 "'V3 cm.
20 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

105. 1. The length of the circumference of a circle is

equal to 25.12 m. Determine the area of the inscribed
regular triangle.
2. Determine the area of a circle inscribed in an equi-
lateral triangle whose side is equal to 3.6 m.

--0-----
~':>
~~

---- -----

Fig. 2

106. Compute the area of a circle inscribed in an isos-

celes triangle whose base is equal to 8 lf3 cm and the
angle at the base to 30°.
107. Two circles 6 cm and 18 cm in diameter are exter-
nally tangent. Compute the area bounded by the circles
and a line tangent to them externally.
o

Fig. 3

108. On the hypotenuse of a right-angled isosceles

triangle as on the diameter a semi-circle is constructed.
Its end-points are connected by a circular are drawn from
the vertex of the right angle as centre, its radius being
equal to the lateral side of the triangle. Prove that the
sickle thus obtained is equal to the triangle.
109. A square with the side a is inscribed in a circle.
On each side of the square as on the diameter a semi-
circle is constructed. Compute the sum of the areas of
the sickles thus obtained.
CH. I. REVIEW PROBLEMS 21

110. The greatest possible circle is cut out of a semi-

circle. The same was done with each of the scraps thus
obtained. What is the percentage of the waste?
111. The plan of a plot has the form of a square with
the side 10.0 cm long. Knowing that the plan is drawn
to the scale 1 : 10,000, find the .area of the plot and the
length of its boundary.
112. Figure 4 presenta the plan of a plot drawn to the
sc.ale 1 : 1000. Compute the area of the plot given the
e

Fig. 4

following dimensiona: AC = 6 cm, AD = 7.6 cm, h 1 =

= 3 cm, h 1 = 4.8 cm, h 3 = 3.2 cm.
113. 1. A straight line parallel to the base of a triangle
divides its lateral side in the ratio 2 : 3 (as measured
from the base). In what ratio is the area of the triangle
divided by this line?
2. Given the sides of a triangle: 26 cm, 28 cm, 30 cm.
A straight line is drawn parallel to the larger side so
that the perimeter of the trapezium obtained is equal
to 66 cm. Determine the area of the trapezium.
114. By what percentage will the area of a circle be
lncreased if its radius is increased by 50 per cent?
115. 1. Construct a circle whose area is equal to: (a) the
sum of the areas of two given circles; (b) the difference
between their areas.
2. Construct a square whose area is n times greater than
the area of the given square (n = 2; 4; 5).
 CHAPTER 11

SOLVING TRIANGLES

5o Solving Right-Angled Triangles

116o Find from the tablas:
1. (a) sin 27°23'; (b) eos 18°32'; (e) eos ~ ; (d) tan 60°41';
(e) eot 70°20'; (f) sin 3°44'; (g) eos 88°36'; (h) tan 3°52' o
2o (a) log sin 22°8'; (b) log sin 80°23'; (e) log eos 87°50';
(d) log eos 63°15'; (e) log tan 37°51'; (f) log tan 85°12';
(g) log cot 77°28'; (h) log eot 15°40'o
117 o Using the tablas, fi.nd. the positiva aeute angle x if:
(1) sin x is equal to: Oo2079; Oo3827; Oo9858; 0.0579;
(2) eos x is equal to: 0.8643; 0.6490; 0.1846; 0.0847;
(3) tan x is equal to: 0.0148; 0.9771; 1.2576; 4.798;
(4) eot x is equal to: 0.8421; 1.2813; 2.0751; 0.0935.
118o Using the tablas, fi.n,4 the p~itive a.Q,ute ang:!e x if:
(1) log sin x is equal to: 1.4044; 1.9314; 1.1716; ~.1082;
(2) log cos x is equal to: 1-6418; 1.3982; !o 7810; 2.8475;
(3) log tan x is equal to: 2.9625; ,!.2570; !.7793; Oo7791;
(4) log eot x is equal to: 1.5207; 2.6952; 1.7839; Oo8718.
119o Find with the aid of a slide-rule:
(1) sin 32°, sin 32°40', sin 32°48', sin 71°15', sin4°40';
(2) eos 30°, eot 74°14', eos 81 °12', eos 86°40';
(3) tan 2°30', tan 3°38', tan 43°15', tan 72°30';
(4) eot 2°, eot 12°36', eot 42°54', eot 85°39'0
120o Using a slide-rule, find the positive aeute angle x if
(1) sin x is equal to: 0.53; 0.052; 0.0765; 0.694;
(2) eos x is equal to: Oo164; Oo068: Oo763; Oo857;
CH. n. SOLVING TRIANGLES 23

(3) tan x is equal to: 0.0512; 2.84; 0.863; 1.342;

(4) cot x is equal to: 0.824; 1.53; 0.065; 0.853.
121. Sol ve the following right-angled triangles with
the aid of a slide-rule:
(1) e~ 8.53, A ~ 56°41'; (2) a~ 360m, B ~ 36°30';
(3) e~ 28.2, a~ 16.4; (4) a~ 284m, b ~170m.
122. Solve the following right-angled triangles, using
the tables of values of trigonometric functions:
(1) e= 58.3, A = 65°14'; (2) a = 630 m, B = 36°30';
(3) e = 82.2, a = 61.4; (4) a = 428 m, b = 710 m.
123. Solve the fo!lowing right-angled triangles, using
the tables of logarithms of trigonometric functions:
(1) e = 35.8, A = 56°24'; (2) a= 306m, B = 63°32';
(3) e= 22.8, b ·= 14.6; (4) u = 284m, b = 170m.
In Problems 124 through 126 solve the isosceles trian-
gles, introducing the following notation: a = e = lateral
sides, b = base, A = C = angles at the base, B = angle
at the veA, h = altitude, h 1 = altitude drawn t.o a
lateral side, 2p = perimeter, S = area.
124. (1) a~ 590, A ~ 56°36';
(2) a = 276 m, B = 123°;
(3) b = 25.6, A = 49°45';
(4) b = 547.8, B = 40°42'.
125. (1) a = 87.5, b = 139.6;
(2) b = 92.6, h = 72.4;
(3) a = 200 m, h = 174 m;
(4) b = 820, h¡ = 666.
t26. (1) b = 120.7, S = 1970;
(2) h = 98.4 m, S= 1880 m 2 ;
(3) 2p= 406.5, A = 72°36';
(4) S = 66, a = 16.
127. The length of a line segment is equal to 52.0 cm
and its projection on the axis to 36.4 cm. Find the angle
between the line segment and the axis.
128. The summit of a mountain is connected with its
foot by a suspension rope-way 4850 m long. Determine
the height of the mountain if the average slope upgrade
of the way is 27°.
 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

129. A plane is seen at an angle of 35° at the moment

it is flying above the observer at a distance of 5 km from
him. At what altitude is it flying?
130. Figure 5 shows two wedges. The wedge B rests
against the wedge A and can move in the vertical direc-
tion. How much will the wedge B rise if the wedge A
is driven 0.75 m rightwards (ex = 25°).

Fig. 5

131. The angle of slope of fine sand a~ 31°. What

area is occupied by a heap of sand 1 m high?
132. The section of a ditch has the forro •an isosceles
trapezium whose lower base is equal to 80 cm, upper
base to 160 cm, and altitude to 90 cm. Find the steepness
of the walls of the ditch.
133. Figure 6 shows lamps installed along moving
staircases in the Moscow metro. The side view of the
support for the lamps has the form of a right-angled
triangle whose vertical side is 10 cm and horizontal side
is 17.3 cm long. Determine the angle of elevation of the
staircase.

Ftg. 6

134. A pendulum 70 cm long is swing ng between two

points 40 cm apart. Determine the are of swinging.
CH. II. SOLVING TRIANGLES 25

135. Figure 7 presents a height asan element of a topo-

graphic map. The contour lines are drawn to connect
the points lying at one and the same altitude, the hori-
zontal cutting planes being passed through each 4 m.
Determine the average steepness of slopes at various
places of the height and in various directions if the map
is drawn to the scale 1 : 10,000.

Ftg. 7

136. From an observat on post situated at an altitude

of 5.5 m above the river level the banks are seen at angles
a 1 = 8°20' and a 2 = 3°40' (Fig. 8). Determine the width
of the river at the place of observation. The angles of
observation are contained in a plane perpendicular to
the direction of the river.

0~«~---------------
'-1( - - - -
''
''
-------- --
L.A..,_ _ _ '
~, ---,._<
- Ftg. 8

137. Along railway lines there are posts with marks

showing the gradient of the permanent way, e.g.1°8:71.
The figures signify that the line rises or falls 0.007 metre
per metre over a length of 800 metres. Calculate the
gradient of the permanent way on this section in degrees,
and the height of the ascent in metres.
t38. A force R = 42.0 N is resolved into two mutually
perpendicular forces, one of which is at an angle of 61 °20'
to the given force R. Determine the value of each of the
componerit forces.
139. A weight P = 50 N is suspended from a bracket
(Fig. 9). Calculate the strain on arma and the force com-
pressing bracket e, if the angle a = 43°.
26 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

Fig. 9

140. 1. A barrel of petrol must be tilted 11 °20' to the

horizontal. What force must be applied to tilt it if the
weight of the petrol in the barrel is 1300 N? ( Friction
to be ignored.)
2. A motor car is travelling at a speed of 72 km;hr.
To the driver it appears that the raindrops are falling
at an angle of 40° to the perpendicular. At what speed
is the rain striking the ground?
141. The speed of a motor boat in still water is
8.5 km/hr. The current of the river is 1.5 km/hr. The
boatman must carry a load across the river and land it
at a point on the othe:r bank directly opposite. At what
angle ~ to the point of landing must the boat be steered?
And what will its speed be?
142. The corner of a room is representad in Fig. 10.
lt is taken that the plana of the floor is horizontal and
the corner of the room vertical. Two points A and B
are 0.5 m from the corner; the distance between them
is O. 7 m. Determine the precise angle between the two
walls of the room.

Fig. JO
CH. 11. SOLVING TRIANGLES 27

143. How long will a transmission belt need to be,

when the two pulleys are respectively 12 cm and 34 cm
in diameter, and their centres are one metre apart?
144. Two points A and B lie on different sides of a
motor road (Fig. 11). In order to get from A to B it is
necessary to drive 3.5 km along a side road that joins
the main road at an angle of 40°, then drive 2.5 km along
the main road and turn right onto another side road,
which makes an angle of 70° with the main road, and
drive another 4 km. All sections of the roads traversed
are straight. How much will the distance between A
and B be shortened when a straight road is built between
them?

Fig. 11

145. The diagonals of a rhombus are equal to 2.3 dm

and 3.6 dm. Determine the angles of the rhombus and
its perimeter. .
146. The base of an isosceles trian.gle is to its altitude
as 3 : 4. Find the angles of the triangle.
147. The base of an isosceles triangle and the altitude
dropped on a lateral side are equal to 18 cm and 13 cm,
respectively. Determine the lateral side of the triangle.
148. Determine the radius of a circle and the length
of the sagitta of the segment if a chord 9.0 cm long sub-
tends an are of 110°.
149. Find the central angle subtended by a circular
are of radius 14.40 dm if the chord is 22.14 dm long.
150. Find the radius of a circle if the angle between
the tangent lines drawn from a point Mis equal to 48' 16'
28 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

and this point is 26 cm distant from the centre of the

circle.
151. 1. A rhombus with an acute angle a is circum-
scribed about a circle of radius r. Find the area of the
rhombus.
2. An isosceles trapezium with an acute angle a is
circumscribed about a circle of radius r. Find the area
of the trapezium.
152. 1. Compute the perimeter of a regular nonagon
inscribed in a circle of radius R = 10.5 cm.
2. Determine the rad ·us of a circle if the perimeter of
an inscribed regular dodecagon is equal to 70 cm.
153. 1. Compute the perimeter of a regular fourteen-
sided polygon circumscribed about a circle of radius
R = 90.3 cm.
2. Determine the radius of a circle if the perimeter of
a circumscribed regular eighteen-sided polygon is equal
to 82.4 cm.
154. The diagonal d of a right-angled trapezium is
perpendicular to the lateral side which orms an angle a
with the base of the trapezium. Compute the perimeter
if d = 15 cm and a = 43°.
155. In an isosceles triangle the altitude is equal to
30 cm, and the altitude dropped on a lateral side to 20 cm.
Determine the anglas of the triangle.
156. In a right-angled triangle the bisector of the
right angle divides the hypotenuse in the ratio of 2 to 3.
Determine the anglas of the triangle.
157. In an isosceles triangle with the base of 30 cm
and the angle at the base of 63 o a square is inscribed so
that two of its vertices are found on the base, and the
other twó on the lateral sides of the triangle. Determine
the area of the square.
158. Given in an isosceles triangle ABC: AB = BC = t.t
and AC = b. The bisectors of the anglas A and C inter-
sect at the point D. Determine the angle ADC.
159. In a square with the side a another square is
inscribed so that the angle between the sides of these
CH. 11. SOLVING TRIANGLES 29

squares is equal to ~. Determine the perimeter and area

of the inscribed square.
160. Determine the angles of a right-angled triangle
if the are of radius equal to the smaller of the sides con-
taining the right angle drawn from the vertex of the
latter divides the hypotenuse in tñe ratio of 8 to 5.
161. Straight lines MA and MB are drawn tangent to
a circle. The are AB is equal to ~ (~ < 180°). The peri-
meter of the triangle AMB is equal to 2p. Determine
the distance AB between the points of tangency.
162. From the end-points of the are ACB tangent
lines are drawn which intersect at point M. Determine
the perimeter of the figure MACE if the radius of the
are is equal to R and its magnitude to ~ radians.

6. Solving Oblique Triangles

Law of Cosines

163. The sides of a triangle are equal to 27 cm and

34 cm, and the angle between them to 37°17'. Compute
the third side.
164. The sides of a triangle are equal to 15 cm, 18 cm
and 22 cm. Compute the medium angle of the triangle.
165. Given an equilateral triangle ABC. The point D
divides the side BC into the segments BD = 4 cm, and
CD = 2 cm. Determine the segment AD.
166. The sides of a parallelogram are equal to 42.3 dm
and 67.8 dm, and its angle to 56°. Find the diagonals
of the parallelogram.
167. The sides of a parallelogram are equal to 32.5 cm
and 38.3 cm, and one of its diagonals to 27.4 cm. Compute
the angles of the parallelogram.
168. In a trapezium the lateral sides are equal to 72 cm
and 93 cm, and one of its bases to 115 cm. The angles at
the given base are equal to 68° and 42°. Compute the
diagonals of the trapezium.
169. The chords AB and CD intersect at point M at
an angle of 83°. Find the perimeter of the quadrangle
30 PROBLEMS IN GEO.METRY

ADBe if AB = 24 cm, and the chord eD is divided by

the point M into the segments equal to 8 cm and 12 cm.
170. In a triangle ABe the sides AB and Be are equal
to 15 cm and 22 cm, respectively, and the angle between
them to 73°28'. Find the segments of the side A e of the
triangle into which it is divided by the bisector of the
angle B.
171. Prove that for any triangle the following inequa-
lities hold true
1/- A 1/- B
(1) a~2 t' bcsin 2 ; (2) b~2 t' acsin T;
(3) c;;:,2y'absin ~.
172. To determine the distance between the points A
and B, where a bend of the river is situated (Fjg. 12),
a point e is chosen so that the distances Ae and Be
can be measured directly. Find AB if Ae = 820 m,
Be= 650 m, and the angle AeB = 130°.

Ftg. 12

173. At 7 o'clock in the morning a passenger plane

took off from the town A and after 30 minutes' stay in
the town B at 8.10 it turned by 35° to the right and at
9.00 landed in the town C. Determine the distance bet-
ween the towns A and e if the average speed of the plane
over each section of the flight was equal to 320 km/hr.
174. Applied at the point M is the force P ~ 18.3 N.
One of its components P 1 ~ 12.8 N and the angle bet-
ween the given force and its component P 1 ~ = 37°.
Compute the other component.
175. A material point is acted upon by the forces of
43 N and 55 N. Determine the angles between each of
these forces and an equilibrium force of 70 N.
CH. II. SOLVING TRIANGLES 3i

176. Resolve the force P 1 ~ 240 N into two forces

P 2 ~ 185 N and P 3 ~ 165 N. At what angle to each
other must the forces P 2 and P 3 act?

Law of Sines

177. 1. The perimeter of the triangle ABe is equal to

24 m, sin A : sin B : sin e = 3 : 4 : 5. Find the sides
and angles of the triangle.
2. Given in the triangle ABe: a - e = 22 dm, sin A :
: sin B : sin e = 63 : 25 : 52. Find the sides and angles
of this triangle.
178. The diagonal of a parallelogram divides its angle
into two portions: 60° and 45°. Find the ratio of the
sides of the parallelogram.
179. The hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle is
equal to 15 cm, and one of the acute angles to 37°. Compute
the bisector of the right angle.
180. Given in the triangle ABe: the angle A = 63°18',
Ae = 16 cm, Be = 19 cm. Find the angle formed by
the bisectors of the angles A and B.
181. The diagonal of an isosceles trapezium is 75 cm
long and divides the obtuse angle into two unequal parts:
-80° and 36°. Determine the sides of the trapezium.
182. From the end-points of a chord 18 cm long a tan-
gent and a secant are drawn to forro a triangle together
with the chord. Determine the externa! portion of the
secant if the angles of the triangle adjacent to the chord
are equal to 136° and 27°.
183. To fmd the distance between the points A and B
situated across the river an arbitrary point e is taken.
Then all necessary measurements were carried out and
the following results obtained: Ae = 140 m, the angles
BAe .....:. 67°, BeA = 73°. Using these data, find the
distance AB.
184. To determine the height of a waste heap of a mine
(Fig. 13) the basis AB = 100 m is chosen. The angles
a 1 = 25° and a 2 = 17° were determinad with the aid of
32 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

a goniometer whose height is 1.4 m. Find the height

of the waste heap, using the results of the measurements.

Fig. 13

185. It is required to determine the height of a tree

growing on the slope of a hill. For this purpose the angles
~ and p, and the distance AB were measured: ~ = 27°,
p = 12°, AB = 40 m. Compute the height of the tree,
using the results of the measurements (Fig. 14).

Fig. 14

186. A force P is resolved into two components one

of which is P 1 = 35.6 N. The components form angles
of 27°30' and 39°45' with the force P. Find this force.

Areas of Triangles, Parallelograms and Quadrilaterals

187. Compute the area of a triangle given two sides

and an angle between them.
(1) a = 42 m, b = 28 m, e = 82°36';
(2) a = 28.3 dm, e = 73.4 dm, B = 112°44';
(3) b =254m, e= 388m, A = 39~1'.
CH, 11. SOLVING TRIANGLES 33

188. The area of a triangle is equal to 48 cm 2, two of

its sides to 12 cm and 9 cm, respectively. Determine the
angle formed by these sides.
189. Compute the area of a parallelogram given two of
its sides and the angle contained by them:
(1) AB = 18 dm, AD = 49 dm, A = 78°44';
(2) AB = 2.3 m, AD = 11.5 m, A = 93°18';
(3)AB=234m, BC=48m, A=21°46'.
190. The area of a parallelogram is equal to 14 dm 2 ,
its sides to 3.8 dm and 4.6 dm. Determine the angles of
the parallelogram.
191. Compute the area of a rhombus given its side
and angle:
(1) a= 43.6m,a= 74°28';(2)a = 18cm,a = 120°8'.
192. Compute the area of a quadrilateral given its
diagonals and the angle between them:
(1) d 1 = 24 cm, d 2 = 36 cm, a = 48°34';
(2) d 1 = 0.35, d 2 = 0.48, a = 74°47'.
193. Compute the area of a rectangle given its diago11als
and the angle between the diagonals:
(1) d = 9.3 dm, a = 48°;
(2) d = 38 cm, a = 85°1.5'.
194. Compute the area of an isosceles trapezium given
its diagonals and the angle between the diagonals:
(1) d = 47 cm, a = 54°30';
(2) d = 0.6 cm, a = 78°20'.
195. A rectangle ABCD is inscribed in a circle of
radius R. Determine the area of this rectangle if the
are AB is equal to a.
196. Determine the area of a triangle given the radius
of the circumscribed circle and two angles a and p.
197. Show that in any triangle

ab = 2Rhc; ac = 2Rhb; be = 2Rha.

198. Prove that íf in an isosceles trapezium the diago-

nals are mutually perpendicular, then the trapezium is
equal to the isosceles triangle constructed on the diagonal
of the trapezium as on a side containing the right angle.
 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

Basie Cases of Solving Oblique Triangles

199. -Given three sides:
(1) a = 44; b = 58; e = 62;
(2) a = 29; b = 44; e = 59;
(3) a = 272.4; b = 1035; e = t305.
200. Given two sides and the included angle:
(1) a = 420; b = 371; e = 67°19'¡
(2) a = 22.9 m; e = 16.9 m; B = 39°52';
(3) b = 38; e = 52; A = 122°34'.
201. Given a si'de and two anglas:
(1) a = 730; B = 86°3'; e = 50°56';
(2) b = 13.2; A = 21 °48'; B = 123°42';
(3) e = 97.5 m; A = 87°55'; e = 12°53'.
Given two sides and the angle opposite one of them:
202. (1) a = 28.9; b = 22.4; A = 81 °22';
(2) b = 354; e = 520; B = 43°55';
(3) a= 402 m; e= 258 m; e= 38°16'.
203. (1) a = 0.38; b = 0.59; B = 64°11';
(2) b = 45.5; e = 25.0; e = 33°19';
(3) a = 1054 m; e =, 1350 m; A = 48°46'.
Particular Cases of Solving Oblique Triangles
Notation: a, b, e = the sides of a triangle; A, B, e=
= anglas opposite them; S = area; 2p = perimeter;
R = radius of the circumscribed circle; r = radius of
the inscribed circle; ha, hb, he = altitudes; la, lb, le =
= bisectors.
204. (1) R = 8.9; A = 83°17'; B = 58°16';
(2) S = 609.1; A = 45°28'; B = 54°23';
(3) ha= 53.7; B = 105°20'; e= 15°33'.
205. (1) la = 75.8; B = 98°30'; e = 14°20';
(2) a+ b = 488.8; A = 70°24'; B = 50°16';
(3) a - b = 34; A = 108°; B = 28°.
206. (1) r = 5.4; A = 22°¡ B = 49°¡
(2) S = 1460 m 2 ; a = 32.5 m¡ B = 114°50';
(3) a = 72; b = 52; A = 2B.
207. (1) S= 25; ab =58; sin A= cos B;
(2) a = 120.0 m; b = 29.6 m¡ he = 23.8 m;
(3) ha = 8; hb = 12; he = 18.
CH. 11. SOLVING TRIANGLES

Heron's Formula
208. Determine the area of a triangle given its sides:
(1) 13, 14, 15; (2) 12, 17, 25; (3) 14.5, 12.5, 3;
(4) 10, 17 T' 24 ~ ; (5) V13, y 10, y5.
209. Determine the sides of a triangle if:
(1) they are as 7 : 8 : 9, and the area of the triangle
is equal to 48 V5 cm 2 ;
(2) they are as 17 : 10 : 9, and the area of the triangle
is equal to 576 cm 2 •
210. Determine the area of a quadrilateral given a dia-
gonal equal to 34 cm and two sides 20 cm and 42 cm
long lying on one side of the diagonal, the other two
16 cm and 30 cm long on its other side.
211. Determine the area of a parallelogram whose sides
are equal to 15 cm and 112 cm, and one of the diagonals
to 113 cm.
212. Determine the area of a parallelogram if one of
its sides is equal to 102 cm, and the diagonals to 80 cm
and 148 cm.
213. Determine the area of a trapezium whose bases
are equal to 12 dm and 4 dm, and the lateral sides to 2.6 dm
and 7.4 dm. ·
214. Determine the area of a trapezium whose bases are
equal to 50 cm and 18 cm, and the diagonals to 40 cm
and 36 cm.
215. The radii of two intersecting circles are equal to
68 cm and 156 cm, and the distance between their centres
to 176 cm. Determine the length of the common chord.
216. The sides of a triangle are equal to 10 cm, 12 cm
and 18 cm. Determine the area of the circle whose diame-
ter is equal to the medium altitude of the triangle.
217. The sides of a triangle are equal to 26 cm, 28 cm
and 30 cm. A semi-circle is inscribed in the triangle so
that its diameter líes on the greater side of the triangle.
Compute the area bounded by the sides of the triangle
and the semi-circle.
36 P ROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

Radii 1' and B of Inscribed and Circumscribed Circles

and the Area S of a Triangle
218. Compute the area of an equilateral triangle if:
(1) the radius of the circumscribed circle is equal to R;
(2) the radius of the inscribed circle is equal to r.
219. Determine R and r for a triangle whose sides are:
(1) 3, 4, 5; (2) 29, 8, 35; (3) 13, 14, 15.
220. The sides of a triangle are equal to 9 cm, 15 cm
and 12 cm. Can we construct an isosceles triangle whose
sides would be equal to the radii of the circles.inscribed
in and circumscribed about the given triangle?
221. Show that in any triangle abe = 4pRr.
222. Prove that if the lengths of the sides a, b, e of
a triangleform an arithmetic progression, then the product
Rr is equal to ! the product of the extreme terms of
this progression.
223. Prove that in any triangle
1
(1) -ha +-1 +-
hb
1 =J...;
he r
(2) ha+hb+hc=

7f (cosec A + cosec B + cosec C).

ab+ac+bc S
2R

224. Determine the radii of the inscribed and circum-

scribed circles if the sides of the triangle are as 9 : 10 : 17,
its area being equal to 144 cm 2 •
225. The base of a triangle is equal to m, one of the
lateral sides is to the radius of the circumscribed circle
as 2 : 3. Determine the altitude dropped onto the third
side of the. triangle.
226. Find the area of a circle inscribed in a right-angled
triangle one of whose sides containing the right angle
is equal to 60 cm, and its projection on the hypotenuse
to 36 cm.
227 .. One side of a triangle is equal to 25 cm. The ratio
of its area to the radius of the incircle is equal to 35 cm,
and the product of the area by the radius of the circum-
scribed circle to 2975 cm3 • Find the two other sides of
the triangle. ·
CH. 11. SOLVING TRIANGLES

228. The point of intersection of two mutually perpen-

dicular chords divides one of them into the segmenta of
5 cm and 9 cm and cuts off a segment 12 cm long from
the other one. Find the area of the circle.
229. The base of an isosceles triangle is to the lateral
side as 6 : 5. The altitude drawn to the base is equal
to 8 cm. Determine the radius of the incircle and that
of the circumscribed circle.
230. In a circle of radius R = 2 dm a triangle is in-
scribed two anglas of which are equal to 60° and 45°.
Find the area of the triangle.
231. An acute triangle two sides of which are equal
to 58 cm and 50 cm is inscribed in a circle of radius
36.25 cm. Find the third side and the area of the triangle.
232. Construct a right-angled triangle given the hypo-
tenuse and the radius of the incircle.
233. Compute the area of a regular octagon and a re-
gular decagon if: (1) R = 10 cm, (2) r = 10 cm.
234. Find the radii of the incircle and the circumscribed
circle ifthe area of a regular icosagon is equal to 273.3 cm 2 •
235. Find the area of a regular dodecagon inscribed
in a circle about which a regular hexagon is circumscribed
with the side of 8 cm.
236. A regular triangle and a regular hexagon are
inscribed in one and the same circle of radius R = 20 cm
so that the vertices of the triangle coincide with those
of the hexagon. Compute the area bounded by the peri-
meters of the triangle and hexagon.
237. The area of a regular decagon is equal to 124.5 cm 2 •
Compute the area of the annulus bounded by the circles
inscribed in and circumscribed about this decagon.
238. Given the perimeter P of a regular n-gon determine
its area.

Miscellaneous Problems
239. In order to build a railway a tunnel had to be
constructed between points A and B. To determine the
length and direction of the tunnel in a given locality,
38 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

a point C was chosen, from where the points A and B

could be seen, and the following distances were defined:
AC =370m, BC = 442 m and L ACB = 108°4.0'. Find
out the direction and the length of the tunnel.
240. In a shaft, where a horizontal occurrence of a
seam lies, from the same wall occurs two drifts AD and
BC with corresponding lengths of 320 m and 380 m.
The distance between the entrances of the drifts is 12 m.
It is necessary for the ends of the drifts to be joined with
a third drift. Calculate the direction and length of the
third drift, if the measurements of the anglas are as fol-
lows: ~ = 105°, p = 115° (Fig. 15).

Ftg. 15

241. Radio direction-finders, situated at points A

and B 48 km apart, plotted the directions ~~ and p1
for the enemy ship e1• In 1 hour 10 minutes the observa-
tions were repeated to determine the direction of the
anglas ~~ and P11 • Determine the direction of movement
and speed of the ship, if the following results were ascer-
tained: ~ 1 = 78°30', p, = 54°18', ~ 2 = 53°40', P2 =
= 98°36' (Fig. 16) .

..
~,

--
.......
----
-::::_--------...... :::: e,
....... 'X"
......
Fig. 16

242. In order to draw a line through a given point A,

parallel to an inaccessible line ·on which two points e
and D can be seen, a point B was chosen and the following
measurements were noted: AB = 100 m, L CAD == 25°,
CH. 11. SOLVING TRIANGLES 39

¿eAB = 110°, L ABe= 30°, L ABD = 80°. Using the

results of the measurements, give the direction Ax paral-
lel to eD (Fig. 17).

8 Fig. 11

243. Using the measurements of the previous problem,

from the point A draw a perpendicular line toan inacces-
sible line on· which points e and D can be seen.
244. To draw a straight line through a point M and
extend it to a point e, which intersects the lines
AA 1 and BBh when the point C cannot be seen from the
point M, draw an arbitrary line AB through the point M
and measure the angles AA 1B and B 1BA. Find the direc-
tion of the line Me, using the following data: AB = 80 m,
LCAB = 80°, LABC = 63°, AM = 50 m, MB = 30m
(Fig. 18).

8 Fig. 18

245. Two forces F 1 ~ 50 N and F 2 ~ 100 N are acting

on a point at an angle of 120°. Compute the resultant
force and the angles which it makes with the forces F 1
and F 2 •
246. 1. The force R = 80 N must be resolved into two
forces F 1 and F ,.. 1t is known that F 1 = 60 N and forms
40 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

an angle of 50° with the resultant force. Find the force

F 2 and its direction relative to the resultant force.
2. Resolve the force R = 300 N into two components
forming angles of 35° and 45° with the resultant force.
247. The diagonals of a parallelogram intersect at an
angle of 80°. Find the sides of the parallelogram if its
greater diagonal is equal to 72 cm and inclined to the
base at an angle of 30°.
248. Jn an isosceles trapezium the lateral side and
diagonal are respectively equal to 15.5 dm and 20.3 dm
and the angle at the base to 50°. Determine the area of
the trapezium.
249. Determine the diagonals of a regular n-gon whose
side is equal to a.
250. The diagonal of a trapezium inscribed in a circle
of radius R forms angles a and 3a with its lateral sides.
Determine the perimeter of the trapezium.
251. Circumscribed about, and inscribed in, a circle
of radius R is a ring made up of n equal circles. Determine
the radii of these circles at n = 3, 4, 6.
252. From the centre of an equilateral triangle with
the side a a circle is circumscribed intersecting its sides
so that the outside ares amount to a radians. Determine
the length of the portion of the circumference contained
inside the triangle.
253. Drawn in a circle of radius R on both sides of the
centre are two parallel chords subtending ares a and ~;
the end-points of the chords are joined to each other.
Determine the perimeter of the trapezium thus obtained.
254. Given in a triangle are the three sides: AB = 52 cm,
BC = 60 cm, AC = 56 cm. Determine the portion of
the area of this triangle found between the altitude and
bisector drawn from the vertex B.
255. The perimeter of a rhombus is twice the perimeter
of a square. Whose area is greater if the angle of the
rhombus is equal to 14°30'?
256. Using the law of sines, prove that the bisector
of an interna! angle in a triangle divides the opposite to
it side into portions proportional to the adjacent sides.
CH. U. SOLVING TRIANGLES 41

257. Through the end-points of a chord which divides

the circle of radius R = 18 cm in the ratio of 7 to 12
tangent lines are drawn. Determine the area of the trian-
gle formed by the chord and tangents.
258. Determine the area of a circle inscribed in a sector
whose radius is equal to R, and the are to a.
259. The sides of a parallelogram are equal to a and b
(a < b}, and the angle between them to a. Determine the
area of the quadrilateral formed by the bisectors of the
angles of the parallelogram.
260. Compute the area of the hatched portion of a
circle (Fig. 19) whose radius is equal to 20 cm if the ares
AB and CD are equal to 15° and 75° respectively.

Fig. 19

261. Drawn through the centre of symmetry of a rhom-

bus are its altitudes which serve as diagonals of a rectangle.
Find the area of this rectangle if the side of the
rhombus is equal to 10 cm and acute angle amounts to 60°.
262. Taken inside a circle of radius 8 cm is an arbitrary
point M which is 2 'cm distant from the centre of the
circle. Drawn through this point are two mutually per-
pendicular chords and a diameter forming an angle of
45° with each chord. Compute the area of the quadrilateral
whose vertices are the end-points of the chords.
263. Two sides of a triangle are equal to 24 cm and
12 cm, and the median of the third side to V279 cm.
Find the area of the circumscribed circle.
264. Compute the area of a quadrilateral ABCD, in
which AB = AC = 17 dm, AD = 44 dm, CD = 39 dm,
42 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

and the angle between the side AB and diagonal AC is

equal to 30°.
265. Two sides of a triangle are equal to 5 cm and
6 cm, and its area to 5.28 cm 2 • Find the third side.
266. The parallel sides of a trapezium are equal to
10 cm and 20 cm, and non-parallel ones to 6 'V2 cm
and 2 V 13 cm. Compute the diagolials of the trapezium.
267. In a parallelogram with an acute angle of 30°
V V +
the diagonals are to each other as 2 - V 3 : 2 V 3.
Find the ratio of the sides.
268. Compute the area of a triangle if:
(1) its sides are as 15 : 26 : 37, and the radius of the
incircle is equal to 16 cm;
(2) the sides are as 29 : 25 : 6, and the radius of the
!
circumscribed circle is equal to 36 cm.
269. Compute the area of a triangle, two sides of which
are equal to 6 cm and 9 cm, and the bisector of the angle
between them to 4 'V3 cm.
 CHAPTER 111
STRAIGHT LINES AND PLANES
IN SPACE

7. Basic Concepts and Axioms.

Two Straight Lines in Space
210: f. A circle and a plane have two common points.
May we assert that the circle is contained in this plane?
2. Three points of a circle lie on a plane. May we assert
that the circle is contained in the plane? Two planes have
three common points not lying in a straight line. How
are these planes situated?
27f. How many planes can be drawn through: (a) one
point; (b) two points; (e) three points not in a straight
line; (d) four points each three of which are not in a
straight line?
272. 1. A spherical surface and a straight line have
two common points. Do other points of the line belong
to this surface?
2. The same for: (a) a cylindrical surface, (b) a conical
surface. Consider various positions of the two common
points of the straight line and eaGh of the surfaces.
273. 1. Prove that if a plane and a straight line not
contained in this plane have a common point, then the
latter is a unique point.
2. Prove that all straight lines intersecting a straight
line a and passing through the point A not lying on the
straight line a lie in one plane.
3. Prove that a straight line intersecting two parallel
straight lines Hes in the plana containing these lines.
 PROBLEMB IN GEOMETRY

274. f. Straight lines a and b intersect at point M.

Where do all straight lines lie which intersect each of the
given lines and (a) do not pass through the point M,
(b) pass through the point M?
2. Four rays are drawn from a point of space. How many
planes can be drawn through these rays? Consider all
possible cases.
3. Can two opposite sides of an oblique quadrilateral
be parallel?
275. Given an equilateral triangle ABe and a point D
not contained in its plane. The point D is joined to the
centre O of the triangle and vertex B. Draw a plane
through DB and DO. Will this plane pass through the
midpoint of the side AC?
276. Given points A and B on one of the two inter-
secting planes a and p, and a point e on the other. Con-
struct the lines of intersection of these planes and the
plan e y passing through the points A, B, e.
277. Given a straight line AB not contained in the
plan e P. Construct the point of intersection of this line
and the plan e P.
278. Given points A, B and e outside the plane P.
Construct the line of intersection of the planes ABC
and P.
279. Given a triangular pyramid SABe with the
altitude SO. Construct an orthogonal projection of: (a)
the point D of the edge SB; (b) the point E of the lateral
face SAB; (e) the line segment MN connecting the points
M and N of the lateral edges SA and SB, on the plane
containing the base of the pyramid.
280. Construct a point E on a lateral face of a regular
quadrangular pyramid given its projection E 1 on the
plane containing the base of the pyramid.
281. Given points D and E on the lateral edges SA
and SB of a triangular pyramid SABe. Construct the
point of intersection of the straight line DE and the
plane containing the base of the pyramid.
282. Given points D and E on the lateral edge AS
and face SBe of a triangular pyramid SABe. Construct
CH. 111. STRAIGHT LINES AND PLANES IN SPACEJ 45

the trace of the straight line DE on the plane containing

the base of the !Jyramid.
283. Given points E and F on the lateral edge AS and
altitude SO of a quadrangular pyramid SABCD. Con-
struct a second point of intersection of the straight line,
passing through these points, and the surface of the
pyramid.
284. 1. Construct the points of intersection of a straight
line, passing through the point M located on one of the
sirles of the lower base of a cube and point N on its axis,
and all the planes containing the faces of the cube.
2. Given a cube ABCDA 1B 1C 1D 1 , a point M contained
in its face DD 1C 1C, and a point N on the face BB 1C 1C.
Construct the points of intersection of the straight line
MN and the faces ABCD and A 1B 1 C1D 1 .
285. Construct the section of a parallelepiped by a
plane pa'>sing through the three points given on the
lateral edges. Consider two cases: (1) the cutting plane
intersects all the lateral edges of the parallelepiped and

@@§
/ a
A
b e
A Fig. 20

(2) the cutting plane does not intersect the fourth edge.
286. Construct the section of a cube ~y a plane passing
through the points A, B and C (Fig. 20).

a b Fig. 21
 lPROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

287. Construct the section of a regular quadrangular

pyramid by a plan e passing through the points A, B
and C (Fig. 21).
288. In a cube with the edge 8 cm long construct the
section by a plane passing through the midpoints of
three edges emanating from one vertex, and compute the
area of the section.
289. 1. Through a point A lying on a given straight
line a draw a line forming a given angle with the given
line.
2. Through a point M situated outside a given line a
draw a straight line forming a given angle with the given
line.
290. At two points of a straight line two perpendiculars
are erected to it. How can these perpendiculars be mutual-
ly situated?
291. The plane ABCD of a trapezium intersects the
plane ~ along a straight line a. Will a and AC on which
a diagonal of the trapezium líes be skew lines?
292. Two straight lines are intersected by a third one.
How many planes can be drawn through these lines?
293. 1. Given two intersecting straight lines. How can
one of them be situated with respect to a straight line:
(a) parallel to the other one; (b) intersecting the other
one; (e) forming with the other one skew lines?
2. The same for two parallel lines.
3. The same for two skew lines.
294. Determine the angle between a diagonal of a cube
and its edge which does not intersect this diagonal.
295. The base of a pyramid is a rectangle with the sides
12 cm and 16 cm long. The lateral edges are of the same
length, and the altitude is equal to 24 cm. Determine
the angle between a lateral edge of the pyramid and
a diagonal of the base which does not intersect this edge.
8. Straight Lines Perpendicular and Inclined to a Plane
296. 1. A straight linea is perpendicular to the plane ~
containing a rhombus ABCD. What angles are formed
by the line a and the sides of the rhombus?
 CH. 111. STRAIGHT LINES AND PLANES IN SPACE 47

2. A straight line a is perpendicular to two parallel

lines lying in the plane ~. How is the line a situated with
respect to the plane ~?
297. Through the side BC of a triangle ABC a plan e ~
is drawn perpendicular to the side AB. A triangle BDC
with a right angle B is constructed in the plane ~. How
is the side BD situated with respect to the plane ABC
and the side BC with respect to the plane ABD?
298. 1. Through a given point in space draw a plane
perpendicular to a given straight line.
2. At a given point in a plane erect a perpendicular to
this plane. "
299. Pro ve that if a straight line a lies in a plan e per-
pendicular to a straight line b, then the latter lies in
a plane perpendicular to a.
300. 1. Prove that if a lateral edge of a triangular
pyramid is perpendicular to the opposite side of the
base, then the vertex of the pyramid 'is projected on the
altitude of the base .
. . . . 2. Prove that the opposite edges of a regular triangular
pyramid are mutually perpendicular.
301. Given in Fig. 22 is a rhombus ABCD: MB = MD.
Prove that BD is perpendicular to the plane OMC.
M

Fig. 22

302. Prove that the diagonal of a cube and the diagonal

of a face, which do not pass through one and the same
vertex, are mutually perpendicular.
303. At the point O of intersection of the diagonals of
a square ABCD a perpendicular OM is erected to its
plane. Prove that MC is perpendicular to BD.
48 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

304o 1. At the point A lying on a given straight line a

erect a perpendicular to this line.
2. From the point M not lying on a given straight
line a drop a perpendicular to this line.
305o 1. Find the locus of points in space equidistant
from a given point.
2. Find the locus of points in space equidistant from
two given points.
3. Find the locus of points in space equidistant from
three given points.
4. Find the locus of points in space equidistant from
four given points. Consider all possible cases.
306o Find the locus of points in space equidistant from
the vertices of: (a) a square, (b) a rectangle, (e) an isosce-
les trapezium. Is it possible to find in space points equi-
distant from all the vertices of any plane polygon?
307 o Find the locus of points in space equidistant from
the sides of: (a) a triangle, (b) a square, (e) a rhombus.
Is it possible to find in space points equidistant from all
the sides of any plan e polygon?
308o 1. Find the locus of points in space equidi§tant
from all the points of a circle.
2. Find the locus of points co11.tained in a plane ~ which
are situated at a given distance a from a given point M
lying outside the plane ~. Consider all the cases ..
309 o The edge of a cube is equal to a. Determine the
distance between the diagonal of the cube and the diago-
nal of a face of the cube which does not intersect the
former.
310o 1. Given two straight lines a and b. Construct
a straight line intersecting the given lines and perpendi-
cular to them. Consider all possible cases.
2. Through a given point draw a straight line perpendi-
cular to two given skew lineso
311. Given outside the plane of a rhombus ABCD
is a point M situated from the sides AB and CD at distan-
ces MK and ML, respectively. Prove that the sum (or
the difference) of the projections of the line segments M K
and M L on the plan e of the rhombus is equal to the
altitude of the rhombuso
CH. 111. STRAIGHT LINES AND PLANES IN SPACE 49

312. A point Bis taken on a perpendicular AO (Fig. 23)

to a planea (the point O lies in the planea). The points
A and B are found at distances AC and BD, respectively,
from the straight line a lying in the planea and not pass-
ing through the point O. Find a mistake in Fig. 23
and correct it.

Fig. 23

313. Through a given point A contained in the planea

draw in this plane a straight lme perpendicular to a
given line a. Consider all cases of possible positions of
the straight line a and the plane a.
314. From the vertex B of an isosceles triangle ABC
(AB = BC) a perpendicular BM is erected to the plane
of the triangle. Drop a perpendicular from the point M
to the side AC, find the length of this perpendicular and
the distance between this perpendicular and the vertex B
if the angle ABC is equal to 120° and AC = BM = 4 dm.
315. At the vertex A of a right-angled triangle ABC
(the angle C is a right one) a perpendicular AM is erected
to the plane containing this triangle. Drop a perpendi-
cular from the point M to the side BC. At what distance
must the point M be situated from the plane of the trian-
gle ,for the triangle AMC to be congruent with the trian-
gle ABC?
316. The sides containing the right angle in a right-
angled triangle are 9 cm and 16 cm long. At the midpoint
of the hypotenuse a perpendicular 6 cm long is erected
to the plane of the triangle. Find the distances between
the end-point of the perpendicular and the sides contain-
50 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

ing the right angle, as also between that and the vertex
of the right angle of the given triangle.
317. At the vertex of the right angle of a right-angled
triangle a perpendicular 2 m long is erected to its plane.
The end-point of the perpendicular is 2 y3 m distant
from the hypotenuse, and 6 m from the mid-point of the
hypotenuse. Determine the area of the triangle. .
318. At the mid-point of the hypotenuse AB of a
right-angled triangle ABC a perpendicular DM is erected
to its plane. Drop perpendiculars ME and MF from the
point M to the sides containing the right angle and find
the perimeter of the triangle MEF if MD = 12 dm,
AC = 18 dm and BC = 32 dm. Prove that the point M
is equidistant from the vertices of the triangle ABC.
319. At the mid-point D of the side AC of a regular
triangle ABC a perpendicular DM is erected to its plane.
Drop a perpendicular ME from the point M to the side
AB and find the radius of the circle circumscribed about
the triangle DME if DM = BD = 12 cm.
320. Given in a triangle ABC: AB = 13 cm, BC =
= 14 cm and AC = t5 cm. At the vertex A a perpendi-
cular AD 5 cm long is erected to the plane of the triangle.
Find the distance between the point D and side BC.
321. A perpendicular AM is erected to the plane of
a regular hexagon ABCDEF at the point A and the
point M is joined to the vertex C. Find the distances
between the point M and each vertex of the hexagon if
AM = 3 cm, and the area of the hexagon is equal to
81 ya cm 11 •
322. A perpendicular AM is erected to the plane of
a patallelográm ABCD at its vertex A. Drop a perpendi-
cular ME from the point M to the side BC of the paralle-
logram. Consider two cases: (a) the angle A is acute;
(b) the angle A is obtuse. Compute the area of the paral-
lelogram if AM = 2AD and the area of the triangle
AME is equal to 24 cm 11 •
323. Compute the distance between a point M and
the plane of a regular triangle ABC if the side of the
triangle is equal to a and MA = MB = MC = b.
CH. III. STRAIGHT LINES AND PLANES IN SPACE 51

324. A perpendicular OM 8 cm long is erected at the

centre O of a regular triangle ABe. Find tbe distances
between the point M and each vertex and side of the
triangle if its area is equal to 271/3 cm 2 •
325. Compute the distance between a point M and
the plane containing a triangle ABC if AB =Be =
= 12 cm; MA = MB =Me= 10 cm and the bisector
of the angle B is 9 cm long.
326. The sides of a right-angled triangle are equal to
6 cm and 8 cm. Find the distance between the plane of
the triangle and a point M such that is 13 cm distant
from each vertex of the triangle.
327. The lateral side of an isosceles triangle is equal
to 10 cm and its base to 12 cm. Find the distance between
the plane of the triangle and a point M such that is
5 cm distant from each side of the triangle.
328. The sides containing the right angle in a right-
angled triangle are equal to 12 cm and 9 cm. Find the
distance between the plane of the triangle and a point M
if the latter is 5 cm distant from each of the sides of the
triangle.
329. In the triangles ABe and ABD the common side
AB lies in the plane a. The projections of the sides Ae
and BD on this plan e are perpendicular to AB; A e =
= 8 cm, BD = 20 cm, AB = 15 cm, the points e and D
are, respectively, 4 y3 cm and 16 cm distant from the
plane a. Compute the sides Be, AD and the distances
between the perpendiculars ee1 and DD1 dropped onto
the plane a.
330. The diagonals of a rhombus are equal to 30 cm
and 40 cm. Find th\1 distance between the plane of the
rhombus and a point M if the latter is 20 cm distant from
each of its sides.
331. At the vertex A of a square ABeD whose side is
equal to 3 dm a perpendicular AM is erected to the plane
of the square. The line segment M B is 4 dm long. Compute
the length of the line segment Me.
332. A point M is taken outside the plane of a paral-
lelogram at equal distances from the vertices of acute
52 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

angles and at equal distances from the vertices of obtuse

angles. Prove that the line segment MO (where O is
the point of intersection of the diagonals of the parallelo-
gram) is perpendicular to the plane of the parallelogram.
Find the distances between the point M and the sides
of the parallelogram equal to m and n, respectively, if
its area is equal to Q, and MO = H.
333. The forces F 1 = 6N and F'l = 7N are applied
toa point atan angle of 60° to each other. Applied to the
same point is a third force F 3 = 11N which is perpendi-
cular to the former two. Find the resultant of the three
given forces.
344. A plane is drawn through a lateral side of a tra-
pezium whose bases are 12 cm and 16 cm long. The projec-
tion of the midline on this plane is equal to 8 cm. Deter-
mine the projections of the bases on this plana.
335. Given a rectangle ABCD. At sorne point O in
its plane a perpendicular OK is erected to this plane.
The point K is joined to the vertex B. At what position
of the point O in the plane of the rectangle will the angle
ABK be acute, right, obtuse?

9. Angles Formed by a Straight Line and a Plane

336. Given in a square ABCD is a perpendicular CM
to the plan e of the square. Construct the angles of incli-
nation of the straight lines M A and MB to the plane of
the square and the angle at which the straight line
MB is inclinad to the plane MAC.
337. Given in a square ABCD: SO is a perpendicular
to the plane of the square erected at the point O of inter-
section of its diagonals. Construct the angle of inclination
of: (1) the straight line SA to the plane of the square·
(2) the straight line SO to the plane SBC. '
338. 1. The dimensiona of a rectangular parallelepiped
are 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm. Find the angles formed by its
diagonal and the faces.
2. Determine the angle between the diagonal of a cube
and its face.
CH. 111. STRAIGHT LINES AND PLANES IN SPACE 53

339. Pro ve that if through the vertex of an angle

ABC a straight line BD is drawn inclinad to the plane
of this angle and forming equal anglas with the sides BA
and BC of this angle, then its projection on the plane
containing the angle is the bisector of the angle ABC.
340. Given in a triangle ABC: the angle B = 60°.
From the vertex B a straight line is drawn inclined to
the plane of the triangle and forming angles of 60° with
the sides BA and BC. Find the angle between th s line
and the plane containing the triangle.
341. In a regular quadrangular pyramid the altitude
is equal to the side of the base. Find the angle of inclina-
tion of the lateral edge to the plane of the base and the
angle between the lateral edge and the side of the base.
Compare these anglas.
342. In a regular triangular pyramid the lateral edge
is equal to l and forms an angle of 30° with the plane
containing the base. Find the side of the base. ·
343. From a point taken outside a plane two straight
lines are drawn inclined to this plane whose lengths are
10 cm and 7 cm. The projections of these lines on the
plane are as 6 : V 15. Determine the distance between
the point and the plane.
·344. 1. An inclined line is equal to a. How long is the
projection of this line on a plane if the line is inclinad
to the plane at an angle of: (a) 30°; (b) 45°; (e) 60°?
2. A point is situated at a distance h from a plane.
Find the length of an inclined line drawn from it at an
angle of: (a) 30°, (b) 45°, (e) 60° to the plane.
345. From a point A in a plane a two straight lines
AB and AC are drawn at an angle of 30° to the plane.
Th~ inclinad lines are 4 dm and 6 dm long, and the angle
between them is equal to 60°. Find the length of the
projection on the plane a of the line segment BC con-
necting the end-points of the inclined lines and the angle
between their projections.
346. From a point situated outside a plane draw two
straight lines of an equal length inclinad to this plane
and forming an angle of 60° with each other. Find the
 54 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

length of the inclinad lines if their projections each 2 cm

long fo.rm an angle of 90°.
347. At the vertex C of the acute angla. of a rhombus
ABCD a perpendicular, CE is erected to its plane and
two inclinad lines BE and DE are drawn. Find the angles
of the rhombus if BE= 8 dm, BD = 4 dm and the lines
BE and DE are inclinad to the plane of the rhombus at
.an angle of 60°.
348. From a point M in a plane ~ two inclinad lines
M A = 20 cm and MB = 30 cm are drawn on one of its
sides to form angles of 20° and 40° with the plane. Deter-
mine the distance between the end-points of the inclinad
lines if their projections lie on one straight line.
349. One side of an isosceles right-angled triangle
1 dm long is found in a plane ~ and the end-point of the
other is ~2 dm distant from the plane. Determine the
angles at which the side and the hypotenuse are inclinad
to the plane ~-
350. Drawn from a point A in a plane ~ are a straight
line AB inclinad at an angle of 45° to the plane and a
straight line AC at an angle of 45° to the projection of
the inclinad line AB on the plane. Determine the angle
ABC, the length of the line segment BC and the angle
at which it is inclinad to the plane ~ if AB = AC = a.
351. A line segment AB lies in a plane ~. Drawn from
its end-points are two intersecting lines AD = BC = a
each of which is inclinad to the plane ~ at an angle of 30°.
Determine the area of the quadrangle whose vertices are
• the points C and D and their projections on the plane ~
if the angle between the projections of the inclinad lines
is equal to 120° and AB = : .
352. A line segment 20 cm long intersects a plane.
Its end-points are found at distances of 6 cm and 4 cm
from the plane. Find the angle between the given line
segment and the plane.
353. 1. From a point located at a distance of a from
the plane two straight lines are drawn inclinad to the
plane at angles of 30° and 45° and at a right angle to each
-CH. 111. STRAIGHT LINES AND PLANES' IN SPACE 55

other. Determine the distance between the end-points

of thé inclinad lines.
2. From a point located at a distance of a from a plane
two inclinad lines are drawn at an angle of 30° to the
plane. Determine the angle between their projections if
the distance between the end-points of the inclinad lines
is equal to 3a.
354. A straight line AB lies in a plane eL. Drawn from
the points A and B, on one side of the plan e and per.pen-
dicular to AB are two straight lines AD and BC inclinad
to the plane eL at angres of 60° and 30°, respectively.
Determine the distance between the end-points of the
inclinad lines if the distance between the end-points of
their projections is equal to 12 cm, and AD = 8 y3 cm,
BC = 14 cm.

10. Parallelism of a Straight Line and a Plane

355. 1. A straight line is parallel to a plane. How is
this line situated with respect to straight lines: (a) lying
in the plane, (b) parallel t.p the plane, (e) intersect~ng
the plane?
2. A straight line is perpendicular to a plane. How is
this line situated with respect to straight lines: (a) lying
in the plane, (b) parallel to the plane, (e) intersecting
the plane?
356. 1. A straight linea is parallel to aplane eL. How is
the plane eL situated with respect to straight lines: (a)
parallel to 'the straight line a, (b) intersecting the straight
line a, (e) crossing the straight line a?
2. What is the mutual position of two straight lines
lying outside a plane and parallel to: (a) intersecting
lines contained in the plane, (b) parallel lines contained
in the plane?
357. Through the mid-points of the sides AB and AC
of a triangle ABC a plane eL is drawn which does not
coincide with tbe plane ABC. What is the mutual posi-
tion of the straight line BC and the plane eL?
358. 1. How many straight lines parallel to a given
plane can be drawn through a given point?
56 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

2. How many planes parallel to a given straight line

can be drawn through a given point?
359. 1. How many straight lines parallel to a given
line can be drawn in space?
2. Two straight lines are separately parallel to a third
one. How many planes can be drawn through these
lines so that at least two of them lie in each of these
planes?
360. At a point A of a plane ~ a perpendicular AB is
erected to this plane. The line segment BC is perpendi-
cular to AB, BC = 10 cm. Find the projection of the
line segment BC on the plane ~.
361. Given two quadrangles ABCD and CDEF whose
planes intersect. What must the quadrangle ABCD be
so that a plane passing through AB intersected the plane
CDEF along a straight line parallel to AB?
362. 1. Prove that in an oblique quadrangle (whose
vertices do not lie in one plane) the line segments connect-
ing the mid-points of adjacent sides form a parallelogram.
2. Given two straight lines a and b. Prove that the
straight lines parallel to b and intersecting a lie in one
plane.
363. 1. Prove that for two straight lines lying in inter-
secting planes to be parallel it is necessary and sufficient
that they should be parallel to the line of intersection
of the planes.
2. Given in planes~ and pare points A and B. Through
these points draw straight lines lying in the given planes
and parallel to each other.
3. A point is given on each of the two intersecting
planes. Draw a plane through these two points parallel
to the line of intersection of the given planes.
364. 1. Through a given point in a given plane draw
a straight line parallel to a given line which is parallel
to the given plane.
2. Through a given point draw a straight line parallel
to a given plane and intersecting a given straight
line.
365. 1. Through two given points, not lying on a given
straight line, draw a plane parallel to this line.
CH. 111. STRAIGHT LINES AND PLANES IN SPACE 57

2. Given two straight lines. Through one of them draw

a plane parallel to the other line.
3. Through a given point draw a plane parallel to two
given straight lines which do not pass through this
point.
366. 1. Through a given point outside a given plane
draw a straight line parallel to this plane. How many
such lines can he drawn?
2. Through a given point draw a plane parallel to
a given straight line. How many such planes can be
drawn?
3. Through a given point draw a straight line parallel
to two intersecting planes.
367. Through the mid-point of a perpendicular to two
parallel straight lines one can draw an infinite number of
planes parallel to them. Prove that any one of these
planes bisects the line segment connecting any two points
of these lines.
368. 1. Find the locus of points in space equidistant
from two parallel straight lines.
2. Find the locus of points of space equidistant from
three parallel straight lines not lying in one plane.
369. At points A and B in a plane a perpendiculars
AC = 2.4 cm and BD = 12 cm are erected to this plane.
Through the end-points of the perpendiculars a straight
line DE is drawn to intersect the plane a at point E.
Find the length of the line segment DE if the perpendi-
culars are 28 cm apart.
370. Given aplane a anda triangle ABC. The side AB
is parallel to the plane a and the extensions of the sides
AC and BC intersect the plane a at the points D and E.
Determine DE if AB = 15 cm and the points A and C
are respectively 6 cm and 18 cm distant from the plane.
371. A perpendicular AC to a plane a intersects the
latter at the point C. From a point B situated on the
other side of the plane a straight line BD is drawn paral-
lel to AC and intersecting the plane a at the point D.
Find the length of the line segment AB if its projection
on the planea is equal to 32 cm and AC ·= 15 cm, BD =
= 45 cm.
 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

372. A line segment BC 30 cm long is perpendicular

toa straight line AB anda plane acontaining the point C.
The projection of an inclined line AD on the plane is
equal to 10 cm and forros with the projection of AB on
the same plan e an angle of 120°. Determine the perimeter
of the triangle ABD if AB. is 20 cm long.
373. An isosceles triangle ABC, in which AB = BC =
= 30 cm and AC = 24 cm, is situated outside aplane a
so that the side AC is parallel to the plane a and the
vertex B is 18 cm farther from the plan e than the base A C.
Determine the kind of the triangle which is the projec-
tion of the given triangle on the plane a.
374. The bases of an isosceles trapezium are equal to
10 cm and 34 cm, and the altitude to 32 cm. Through the
longer base a plane a is drawn at an angle of 60° to the
altitude. Determine the projection of the lateral side
of the trapezium on the plane a.
375. From the end-points of a line segment AB which
is parallel to a plane a inclined lines AC and BD are
drawn perpendicular to AB. The projections of these
lines on the plane are respectively equal to 3 cm and 9 cm
and lie on di!ferent sides of the projection of the line
segment AB. Find the distance between the feet of the
inclined lines if AB = 16 cm.
376. Straight lines AB and CD are situated on different
sides of a plane a and are parallel to a straight line EF
contained in this plane. Find the distance between AB
and CD if they are, respectively, 17 cm and 25 cm distant
from EF, and their projections are 15 cm distant from
the same line.
377. An isosceles trapezium is situated outside a plane
so that its bases are parallel to the plane. The projection
of the trapezium on a plane a is also a trapezium circum-
scribed about a circle. Determine the angle between the
lateral side of the given trapezium and a perpendicular
to the plane a if the bases of the trapezium are equal
to 2 dm and 6 dm, and the lateral side to 8 dm.
378. A rhombus, whose altitude is equal to ~3 dm
and the acute angle to 60°, lies with one of its sides on
CH. III. STRAIGHT LINES AND PLANES IN SPACE 59

a plane tt. The projection of the rhombus on· this plane

is a quadrangle one of whose angles is equal to 45°.
Find the area of this quadrangle and the distance between
the second side of the rhombus and the plane tt.
379. Through t he centre of the base of a regular quadran-
gular (triangular) pyramid draw a section parallel to
a lateral edge of the pyramid. How many solutions does
this problem have?
380. Determine the section figure cut from a triangular
pyramid by a plane parallel to two skew edges if they
are perpendicular to each other.
381. Given a regular quadrangular pyramid SABCD.
Through a point M, which divides the side AB of the
base in the ratio of 1 to 3, draw a plane parallel t'o the
side AD of the base and the lateral edge SB. Compute
the section area if AD = 36 cm and SB = 30 cm.
382. Draw the section of a regular triangular prism
ABCA 1B 1C1 by a plane passing through the vertex A
of the base and mid-point M of the lateral edge BB 1
and parallel to the side BC of the base. Compute the
section area if the side of the base of the prism is equaJ
to a and the lateral edge to 2a.
383. Cut a cube by a ,Plañe passing through the mid-
points of two adjacent sides of the lower base and opposite
vertex of the upper base. Compute the section area if
the edge of the cube is equal to a.
384. In a regular quadrangular prism with the -side
of the base equal to 10 cm and lateral edge to 20 cm draw
a section by a plane passing through its diagonal and
parallel to one of the diagonals of the base. Determine
the area of this section.
385. Each of the lateral edges of a regular quadrangular
pyramid is equal to a. Draw a section through the mid-
points of two adjacent sides of the base and the mid-point
of the altitude. Find the area of the section.
11. Parallel Planes
386. 1. The diagonals of a rhombus ABCD are perpen-
dicular to a straight line a which is perpendicular to the
60 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

plane of. a triangle EFH. What is the mutual position

of the planes containing the rhombus and triangle?
2. Prove that the section of a pyramid passing through
the mid-points of its lateral edges is parallel to the base
of the pyramid.
387. Prove that two planes parallel to a third plane
are parallel to each other.
388. Prove that through two skew straight lines it is
possible to draw · two parallel planes. How many solu-
tions does this problem have?
389. Find the locus of the points of space: (a) equidis-
tant from two given parallel planes¡ (b) situated at
a given distance from a given plane.
390. Prove that all the straight lines parallel to a given
plane and passing through one and the same point are
contained in one and the same plane which is parallel
to the given one.
391. In a regular triangular pyramid draw a plan e
parallel to a lateral face and passing through: (a) the
centre of the_ base¡ (b) the mid-point of the side of the
base¡ (e) a vertex of the base¡ (d) the mid-point of the
altitude.
392. In a regular quadrangular pyramid draw a plane
parallel to a lateral face and passing through: (a) the
centre of the base¡ (b) a side of the base; (e) the mid-point
of the altitude.
393. Draw aplane parallel to a given one: (a) through
a given point; (b) through a given straight line parallel
to the gi'\ten plane.
394. A line segment AB equal to 8 cm is perpendicular
to planes a and ~· A line segment CD (17 cm long) is
situated so that its end-points are contained in these
planes. Find the projections of the line segment CD
on ea-eh of the planes.
395. The end-points of line segments AB and CD are
contained in parallel planes a and ~· Find the distance
between these planes if AB = 13 cm, CD = 20 cm, and
the sum of their projections on one of the planes is equal
to 21 cm.
CH. 111. STRAIGHT LINES AND PLANES IN SPACE 6f

396. The plane of a triangle ABC with the sides f8 cm,

20 cm and 34 cm long is parallel to a plane tt. A shining
point S casts a shadow A 1B 1C1 from the triangle ABC
on the plane. Compute the area of the shadow if SA :
: A 1A = 5:3.
397. Two similar right-angled triangles AB C and
A 1B 1 e1 are spaced so that their corresponding sides are
parallel, and the line segment 00 1 which joins the cen-
tres of the circles circumscribed about them is perpendi-
cular to the plane of the triangle ABC. Find the distance
between the corresponding vertices of the triangles if
the sides Ae and BC containing the right angle are
respectively equal to fO cm and 24 cm, A 1 e1 is equal
to 20 cm and 00 1 to 84 cm.
398. Two f20-degree angles are spaced so that their
sides are correspondingly parallel, similarly directed and
perpendicular to a line segment joining their vertices O
and 0 1 • Marked from the vertices on the non-parallel
sides are.Jine segments OA = 10 cm and 0 1B = 20 cm.
Find the distance between their end-points A and B
if 001 = f8 cm.
399. Two right-angled triangles AB C and A 1B 1 e1
with the sides AB = A 1B 1 = 25 cm and AC = A 1C1 =
= 20 cm (Fig. 24) are situated in parallel planes so

Fig. 24

that A 1 and B 1 are the projections of the vertices A

and B on the plane A 1B 1 e1 , whereas the projection of
the vertex e on this plane does not coincide with the
vertex e1 • Find the distance between the vertices e
and e1 of the right angles if the distance between the
planes of the triangles is equal to 32 cm.
62 PROBLEllllS IN GEOllllETRY

· 400. Two right angles are spaced so that their sides

are correspondingly parallel and oppositely directed, and
the vertex of one angle is an orthogonal projection of
the vertex of the other on the plane of the former angle.
Marked from the vertices on the non-parallel sides of
the angles are line segmenta 7 cm and 24 cm long. Find
the distance between the end-points of these line seg-
menta if the distance between the vertices of the angles
is 60 cm.
401. A line segment AA 1 is perpendicular to planes a
and p. Two equal and parallel line segmenta AC and
A 1 C1 are drawn in these planes. On the line segment AC,
as on the diagonal, a square ABCD is constructed with
the side equal to 30 V 2 cm, and on the line segment
A 1C1 , as on the greater diagonal, a rhombus A 1B 1 C1D 1
is constructed with the side 10 V 10 cm long. Find the
distance between the vertices D and D 1 of the square and
rhombus if AA 1 = 48 cm.
402. The altitude of a regular quadrangular pyramid
is equal to 16 dm, the side of the base to 24 dm. Compute
the area of the section of this pyramid by a plane passing
through the centre of the base and parallel to a lateral
face of the pyramid.
403. Given a regular triangular prism ABCA 1B 1C1
with the lateral edges AA 17 BB 1 and CC 1 ; O and 0 1
are the centres of the bases of the prism. A point D divides
the line segment 00 1 in the ratio of 5 to 1. Draw a plane
through the point D and mid-points of the edges AB
and A 1 C1 and construct the section of the given prism
by this plana.
404. In a cube ABCDA 1B 1C1D 1 draw a section through
the vertex B, the mid-point of the edge AA 1 and the
centre of the face CC 1D 1D, and find the perimeter of this
section if the edge of the cube is equal to a.
405. The base of a regular prism is a hexagon with the
side of 6 dm; the altitude of the prism is equal to 26
dm. Determine the area of the section drawn through
two opposite sides of the upper and lower bases of the
prism.
CH. III. STRAIGHT LINES AND PLANES IN SPACE 63

12. Dihedral Angles. Perpendicular Planes

406. From a point M situated on a face of a dihedral
angle a perpendicular MN is drawn to the other face
and from a point N a perpendicular N P is dropped to the
edge of the dihedral angle. Prove that the line,segment
M P is perpendicular to the edge of the dihedral angle.
407. Prove that if from a point A taken inside a dihed-
ral angle perpendiculars AB and AC are dropped to its
faces, then the plane ABC is perpendicular to the edge
of the dihedral angle.
408. Prove that if in a face of a right dihedral angle
a perpendicular is erected to the edge, then it is perpendi-
cular to the other face of the angle.
409. The end-points of a line segment AB are contained
in the faces of a dihedral angle. The projection of this
segment on one of the faces forms a right angle with the
edge of the dihedral angle. Prove that the projection of
AB on the other face is perpendicular to the edge of the
dihedral angle.
410. Prove that the dihedral angles at the edges of the
base of a regular pyramid are equal to one another.
411. Prove that the faces of a dihedral angle are per-
pendicular to the plane of its plane angle.
412. The altitude of a pyramid passes through the
point of intersection of the diagonals of a rhombus serving
as the base of the pyramid. Prove that the lateral faces
are inclined to the base at equal anglas.
413. 1. Find the locu~ of points of space equidistant
from the faces of a dihedral angle.
2. Find the locus of points of space equidistant from
two intersecting straight lines.
3. Find the locus of points of space equidistant from
three pairwise intersecting straight lines.
414. Through the edge of a dihedral angle draw aplane
so that it forms equal anglas with the faces of the given
dihedral angle.
415. At a point D of the side BC of a triangle ABC
a perpendicular DE is erected to its plane. Planes are
64 PROBLEMS IN GEOME'l'RY

drawn through the point E and the sides of the triangle.

Construct the plane anglas of the dihedral anglas formad
with the edges AB, AC and BC.
416. Construct the edge and plane angle of the dihedral
angle formad by opposite faces of a regular quadrangular
pyramid.
417. 1. Through a given straight line draw a plane
perpendicular to a given plane.
2. Through a given point draw a plane perpendicular
to a given plane.
418. 1. Through a straight line in a plane draw a plane
at a given angle to the given plane.
2. Through a straight line outside a plane which is
parallel to this plane draw a plane at a given angle
to the given plane.
419. Through a given straight line intersecting a given
plane draw a plane at a given angle to this plane.
420. Two lateral faces of a pyramid are perpendicular
to its base and form a dihedral angle of 40°. Find the
anglas of the parallelogram serving as the base of the
pyramid.
421. On one face of a dihedral angle a point is taken
at a distance a from the edge of the dihedral angle. Find
the distance between this point and the other face if the
dihedral angle is equal to: (1) 30°, (2) 45°, (3) 60°, (4) 90°.
422. The end-points of a line segment AB are found
in the faces of a dihedral angle and the segment is per-
pendicular to one of them. Fiud the magnitude of the
dihedral angle if the point A is twice as distant from the
edge of the dihedral angle as the point B.
423. The pitch of a roof forms a dihedral angle ex = 40°
with the plane of the garret. The garret is 15 m wide.
At what height from the plane of the garret is the ridge
situated?
424. Two isosceles triangles ABC and ABD have a
common base AB, and their planes form an angle of 60°.
Determine the distance DO between the vertex D and
the plane containing the triangle ABC if the altitude
DK of the triangle ABD is equal to 12 cm.
tH. 111. STRAIGHT LINES AND PLANES IN SPACE 65

425. An equilateral triangle with the side a is spaced

so that one of its sides líes in a plane ~ and the opposite
vertex is : a distant from this plane. Determine the
dihedral angle formed by the plane ~ and the plane con-
taining the triangle.
426. An isosceles triangle ABC, in which AB = BC =
= a V2 and AC = 2a, is folded along the altitude BD
so that the planes ABD and BDC form a right dihedral
angle. Determine the angle between the side AB and
its new position.
427. 1. In a right quadrangular pyramid the face angle
at the vertex oí the pyramid. is equal to 60°. Find the
angle of inclination of the lateral face to the base.
2. In a regular triangular pyramid the dihedral angle
at the base is equal to ~. Find the angle at which the
lateral edge is inclincd to the base of the pyramid.
3. In a regular triangular pyramid all the edges are
of an equallength. Compute the angla between two adja-
cent faces.
428. In a regular triangular pyramid compute the
dihedral angle at the base if the plane angle of the lateral
face at the vertex uf the pyramid is equal to 90°.
429. In a regular quadrangular· pyramid compute the
angle of inclination of the lateral face to the base if the
side of the base and the lateral edge of the pyramid are
equal to 10 cm and 13 cm, respectively.
430. In a regular quadrangular pyramid the side of the
base is equal to 30 and the altitude to 20. Determine the
dihedral angle aL the lateral edge of the pyramid.
431. In a regular quadrangular pyramid the side of
the base is equal to 12 cm and the apothem to 8 cm.
Determine the dihedral angles bet ween the lateral faces
and between the lateral face and the base.
432. Given a triangle ABC with the sides AB = 72 cm,
AC =58 cm and BC = 50 cm. From the vertex C a
perpendicular CD = 90 cm is crected to the plane con-
taining the triangle. The point D is joined with straight
lines to the vertices A and B. Determine the dihedral
66 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

angle between the planes containing the triangles ABC

and ABD.
433. A line segment AB 8 cm long touches with its
end-points the faces of a right dihedral angle forming
with them equal angles of 30°. Determine the distance
between the projections of the end-points of the segment
on the edge of the dihedral angle.
434. Taken on the faces of a dihedral angle of 60° are
points A and B which are equidistant from the edge of
the diherlral angle (AC = BD = 27 cm). Find the
distance between the points A and B if DC = 36 cm.
435. Inside a right dihedral angle a point is taken
which is equidistant from its faces and is situated at
a distance of 8 cm from the edge of the dihedral angle.
What are the distances between this point and the face~
and between the projections of this point on the faces
of the dihedral angle?
436. A line segment AB = 20 cm touches with its
end-points two mutually perpendicular planes a and ~·
The projections of AB on these planes are equal to 16 cm
and 15 cm, respectively. Determine the projection of AB
on the line of intersection of the planes.
437. The side of a regular triangle equal to 16 V3 cm
serves as the smaller base of an isosceles trapezium whose
greater base is equal to 80 cm and the altitude to 18 cm.
The planes containing the triangle and trapeziurn are
mutually perpendicular. Find the distances between the
vertex of the triangle not contained in the plane of the
trapezium and the vertices of the trapezium.
438. The bases of two isosceles triangles serve as oppo-
site sides of a rhombus. The planes of the triangles are
perpendicular to the plane of the rhombus. Find the
dista-nce between the vertices of the triangles which do
not coincide with the vertices of the rhombus if the
lateral sides of the triangle are respectiv'ely equa:l to 10 cm
and 17 cm, and the side of the rhombus to 16 cm (consi-
der two cases).
439. A right-angled triangle is situated so that its
hypotenuse lies on one of the faces of a dihedral angle
CH. Ill. STRAIGHT LINES AND PLANES IN SPACE 67

and is parallel to its edge, and the vertex of the right

angle on the other face. The hypotenuse of this triangle
is equal to 25 cm and one of the sides containing the
right angle to 20 cm. The hypotenuse and the vertex
of the right angle are, respectively, 8 V3 cm and 4 "V3 cm
distant from the edge of the dihedral angle. Find the
dihedral angle and the area of the projection of this
triangle on the fi.rst face of this angle.

13. Areas of Projections of Plane Figures

440. The area of a plane polygon is equal to 120 dm 2 •
Find the area of the projection of this polygon on a plane
forming an angle of 30° with the plane containing the
polygon.
441. Given a triangle ABC with the sides a = 25 cm,
b = 29 cm, e = 36 cm. Through the side AB a planea
is drawn at an angle of 45° to the plane containing the
triangle ABC. Find the area of the projection of this
triang~e on the plane a.
442. Two triangles ABC and ABC 1 having a common
base AB form a dihedral angle of 60°. The line segment
CC 1 is perpendicular to the plane of the triangle ABC!t
whose angles A and B are equal to 30° and 60°, respecti-
vely, and the side AC 1 to 18 cm. Find the area of the
triangle AB C.
443. Find the area of the projection of a semi-circle on
a plane which forms with the latter a dihedral angle of
45° if the area of an isosceles triangle inscribed in the
semi-circle amounts to 4 cm 2 , its diameter serving as the
base of the triangle.
444. A pipe whose inner and outer diameters are equal
to d 1 and d 2 respectively is cut at an angle of 45° to the
longitudinal axis. Determine the area of an elliptical
annulus thus obtained.
445. A rhombus touches a planea with its acute angle
and is projected on this plane as a square whose side is
equal to a. Find the area of the rhombus if its smaller
diagonal is parallel to the plane a, and the distance
68 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

betweerr the vertex of the second acute angle and the

plane a is equal to the diagonal of the square.
446. A right-angled triangle is spaced so that one of
its sides containing the right angle is parallel to a plane a
and the second side is projected on this plane half the
true length. How many times is the area of the triangle
greater than that of its projection on the plane a, and
what is the angle of inclination of the plane containing
the triangle to the plane a?
447. The base of an oblique prism is a rectangle with
sides 10 cm and 8 cm. Two lateral faces have the shape of
a rectangle; the lateral edges are inclined to the ·base
atan angle of 60°. Find the area of a normal section which
cuts all the lateral edges.
448. The base of a regular prism is a hexagon. The prism
is cut by a plane passing through two Ópposite sides of
the upper and lower bases. Find the area of the section
if the cutting plane is inclined to the base at an angle
of 40°32' and the area of the base is equal to 152 dm 2 •
449. Through opposite vertices of the lower and upper
bases of a regular quadrangular prism a section is drawn
parallel to a diagonal of the base. Determine the area
of the section if its diagonal forms an angle of 75°10'
with the base, and the side of the base of the prism is
equal to 16 cm.
450. In a triangular pyramid SABC a section is drawn
through the edge AC perpendicular to the edge SB cutting
off a triangle with sides 5, 6, 9. Determine the area of
the face ABC if it forms with the cutting plane an angle
of 45°.
451. The are a of the lateral surface of a regular pyramid
is equal to 180 cm 2 • The lateral face is inclinad to the base
at an angle of 53°8'. Determiné the area of the base.
452. The side ofthe base of a regular hexagonal pyramid
is equal to 5 cm. The lateral face is inclinad to the base
at an angle of 30°. Determine the area of the lateral and
total surfaces of this pyramid .
. 453. The side of the smaller base of the frustum of a
regular quadrangular pyramid is equal to 6 cm. The
CH. 111. STRAIGHT LINES AND PLANES IN SPACE 69

lateral face is inclinad to the base at an angle of 60°

and has the area of 32 cm 2 • Determine the side of the
greater base.
454. How must an angle be situated with
respect to a plane for its projection on this plane to have
the shape of an angle: (a) equal to the given angle, (b)
smaller than the given angle, (e) greater than the given
angle, (d) equal to zero, (e) equal to 180°, (f) equal to
90°? Consider the three cases: the given angle is acute,
right, obtusa.

14. Polyhedral Angles

455. 1. Is it possible to form a trihedral angle, using
the following plane anglas:
(a) 125°, 80°, 31°; (b) 110°, 80°, 50°;
(e) 72°, 56°, 38°; (d) 92°, 56°, 36°;
(e) 150°, 140°, 80°; (f) 140°, 130°, 90~
2. Js it possible to form a convex polyhedral angle,
using the following plane anglas:
(a) 30°, 90°, 60°, 150°; (b) 50°, 60°, 110°, 140°;
(e) 42°, 62°, 72°, 82°, 92°;
(d) 23°, 38°, 85°, 92°, 98°, 100°?
456. In a trihedral angle two plane anglas are equal
to: (a) 85°45' and 72°15', (b) 85°45' and 112°15'. Within
what range does the third plane angle vary?
457. What plan e anglas has the trihedral angle of a:
(1) regular triangular prism, (2) rectangular parallelepi-
ped, (3) regular triangular pyramid?
458. In a trihedral angle two plane anglas are equal
to 45° each, and the dihedral angle between them to 90°.
Find the third plane angle.
459. Determine the plane anglas of each of the poly-
hedral angles of a regular quadrangular pyramid if its
lateral edge is inclinad to the base at an angle of 45°.
460. Determine the plane anglas of each of the poly-
hedral anglas of a regular quadrangular pyramid whose
altitude is equal to the side of the base.
70 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

461o In a regular quadrangular pyramid the opposite

lateral edges are mutually perpendicular. Find the
plan e angle at the vertex.
462 o One of the plan e angles of a trihedral angle is
equal to 90°, the other two being equal to each other.
A plane cutting off the edges three equal segments is
perpendicular to the plane containing the right angle.
Determine the other two plane angles.
463o In a trihedral angle two plane angles are equal
to 60° each; the dihedral angle opposite the third plane
angle is equal to 90°. Find the third plane angle of the
trihedral angle.
464o In a trihedral angle two plane angles are equal
to 45° each, the third to 60°. Find: (1) the angle between
the plane of the third plane angle and opposite edge;
(2) the dihedral angle between the equal plane angles.
465o In a trihedral angle all the plane angles are right
ones. Laid off (from the vertex) on its edges are line
segments each of which is equal to a. A plane is urawn
through the end-points of the segments. Find the area
of the section thus obtained.
466o In a trihedral angle each plane angle is equal to
60°. Laid off on one of the edges of the angle from the
vertex M is a line segment MA 6 cm long, and through
its end-point a plane is drawn perpendicular to the edge
MA and cutting off segments MB and MC on the other
two edges. Determine the area of the triangle MBC.
467 In a regular triangular pyramid all the plane
o

angles at the vertex are right ones, and the lateral edge
is equal to a. Find the distance between the centre of
the base of the pyramid and the lateral face.
468o Inside a trihedral angle all of whose plane angles
are right· ones a line segment is drawn from the vertex
whose end-point is 7 cm, 24 cm and 60 cm distant from
the faces. Find the length of this segment.
 CHAPTER IV

POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND

SOLID S

15. Prisms and Parallelepipeds

469. 1. How many edges, vertices and faces does a pen-
tagonal (decagonal) prism have?
2. How many plane angles, dihedral angles and tri-
hedral angles does a triangular (quadrangular, hexagonal)
prism have?
3. What is the sum of the plane angles of a triangular
(quadrangular, n-gonal) prism equal to?
470. 1. How many diagonals does a triangular (quad-
rangular, pentagonal, n-gonal) prism have?
2. How many diagonal sections can be drawn through
a lateral edge of a triangular (quadrangular, n-gona,l)
prism?
3. How many diagonal sections can be drawn through
all the lateral edges of a quadrangular (pentagonal,
n-gonal) prism?
471. 1. What figures are yielded by diagonal sections
of a right and oblique prisms?
2. Into how many parts is an n-gonal prism divided by
diagona! sections passing through a lateral edge? What
polygon is representad by each such part?
472. Find the point equidistant from all the vertices
of a: (a) regulPr triangular prism, (b) right prism whose
bases are right-angled triangles.
 72 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

473. Prove that a section perpendicular to a lateral

edge of the prism is perpendicular to each of its lateral
faces.
474. Prove that in an oblique triangular prism the
distance between a lateral edge and the opposite face is
equal to the altitude of the triangle which is a normal
section of a prism.
475. Prove that all the lateral edges of a prism are
inclinad to its base at an equal angle.
476. The base of an oblique parallelepiped is a rhom-
bus; one of the lateral edges forms equal anglas with the
adjacent sides of the base. Prove that the vertex of the
parallelepiped found on this edge is projected on the
diagonal of the base.
477. Prove that if the diagonal planes of a parallelepi-
ped are pt>rpendicular to the base, then the parallelepiped
is a right one.
478. The base of a parallelepiped is a rhombus. The
plane of one of the diagonal sections is perpendicular
to the base. Prove that the other diagonal section is
a rectangle.
479. In a regular quadrangular prism ABCDA 1B 1C1D 1
the diagonals AC 1 and BD 1 form an angle of 60°. Prove
that the diagonal section of the prism is a square.
480. 1. Compute the acute angle betwtlen two diagonals
of a cube.
2. Compute tbe acute angle between two diagonals of
a rectangular parallelepiped whose dimensions are 2 dm,
3 dm and 6 dm.
481. The diagonal of a regular quadrangular prism is
equal to d and inclinad to the lateral face at an angle of
60°. Determine the side of the base of the prism.
482. The side of the base of a regular quadrangular
prism is equal to 20 cm. Find the distance between the
diagonal of the prism and a lateral side which does not
intersect it.
483. Find the diagonal of a regular quadrangular prism
in which: (a) the area of the base is equal to 450 cm 2 ,
and the lateral edge to 40 cm; (b) the area of the base
 CH. IV. POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 73

is equal to 200 cm 2 , and the area of the lateral face to

210 Y2 cm 2 •
484. The side ofp~he base of a regular hexagonal prism
is equal to a, and the altitude to 2a. Compute its diago-
nals and the angles at which they are inclinad to the
base.
485. In a regular hexagonal prism each edge is equal
to a. Find: (1) the diagonals of the prism; (2) the area
of the section drawn through the greater diagonal of the
base and the parallel side of the other base; (3) the distan-
ce between this section and the edges of the prism parallel
to it.
486. Determine the diagonals of a rectangular parallele-
piped given its dimensions: (1) 1, 2, 2; (2) 2, 3, 6;
(3) 8, 9, 12; (4) 12, 16, 21.
487. The area of the diagonal section of a cube is equal
to 16 Y2 cm 111 • Compute the edge of the cube, the diagonal
of the base, the diagonal of the cube.
488. The dimensions of a rectangular parallelepiped
are as 3 : 4 : 12, and its diagonal is equal to 26 cm.
Find the- dimensions of the parallelepiped.
489. In a right parallelepiped the sides of the base
are equal to m and n and forro an angle of 60°. The greater
diagonal of the base is equal to the smaller diagonal of
the parallelepiped·. Find the diagonals of the parallele-
piped.
490. In a regular triangular prism a section is drawn
through a side of the lower base and opposite vertex of
the upper base. (1) Prove that the section forros with
the base a dihedral angle of 30° if the side of the base
and the altitude of the section drawn to this side are
equal to each other. (2) Compute the diagonal of the
lateral face if the side of the base of the prism is equal
to a and the section is inclinad to the base at an angle
of 60°.
491. In a regular quadrangular prism ABCDA 1B 1C1D 1 .
the side of the base is one fourth the.altitude of the prism.
Points M and N are taken on the edges AA 1 and BB 1
74 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

so that AM = {- AA 1 and BN = ~ BB 1 • Find the

angle DMN.
492. The base of a right prism is a rhombus with the
side of 10 cm and altitude equal to 9.6 cm. The altitude
of the prism is 12 cm high. Find the diagonals óf the
prism.
493. The base of a right prism is a parallelogram whose
sides ~re equal to 13 cm and 15 cm and the altitude to
12 cm. The smaller diagonal of the prism is inclinad to
the base at an angle of 45°. Find the diagonals of the
prism.
494. The base of an oblique prism is an equilateral
triangle with the side a. The lateral edge is inclinad
to the plan e containing the base at an angle of 60°. One
of the vertices of the upper base is projected on the plane
of the lower base in the centre of the circumscribed circle.
Find the altitude of the prism and the area of each of
the lateral faces.
495. In a·right parallelepiped the sides of the base are
equal to 15 cm and 2 vas cm, and the sum of the diago-
nals of the base to 32 cm. The altitude of the parallelepi-
ped is 12 cm high. Find the diagonals of the parallelepiped.
496. 1. Is it possible to cut a cube with a plane so as
to obtain in section a triangle: (a) scalene, (b) isosceles,
(e) equilateral?
2. Is it possible to cut a cube so as to obtain in section
a triangle: (a) acute, (b) right-angled, (e) obtuse?
3. What quadrangles can be obtained by cutting a cube
with a plane?
497. The edge of a cube is equal to 5 cm. Compute the
perimeter and area of a section drawn through the end-
points of three edges emanating from one vertex.
498. Given a cube ABeDA 1B 1e 1D 1 with an edge a.
Constructed on the edge e 1D 1 is a line segment e 1L =
= ~ a, on the edge A 1B 1 a line segment A 1M = ;
and on the edge BB 1 a line segment B 1N = ! a. A plane
CH. IV. POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 75

is drawn through the points L, M and N. Determine the

perimeter of the section.
499. Given a cube ABeDA 1B 1e 1D 1 with the edge
a = 8 cm. A plane is drawn through the mid-points
of the edges ee 1 , AB and AD. Compute the perimeter
and the area of the section thus obtained.
500. Given a cube ABeDA 1B 1e 1D 1 with the edge a.
A plane is drawn through the mid-points of the edges
A 1B tt B 1 e 1 and AD. Determine the perimeter and the
area of the section figure.
501. Given a cube ABeDA 1B 1e 1D 1 . On the extensions
of the edges line segments e 1P, BQ, DR are laid off,
each of length a, and e P = e R = eQ = 2AB. Draw
a plane through the points P, Q and R and compute
the perimeter and the area of the section thus obtained.
502. Given a cube ABeDA 1B 1 e1Dl' Draw a plane
through the mid-points of the edges A 1D 1 and Be and
the vertex e 1' What polygon is obtained in section?
Determine the perimeter and the area of this polygon
if the edge of the cube is equal to a.
503. The area of the lateral face of a regular quadrangu-
lar prism is equal to Q. Determine the area of the diagonal
section.
504. In a regular triangular prism a section is drawn
through a side of the base equal to a and the mid-point
of the opposite lateral edge. Find the area of the section
if the area of the lateral face is equal to a 2 •
505. In a right prism the sides of the base are equal
to 4 cm, 13 cm and 15 cm, and the altitude to 10 cm.
Determine the area of the section drawn: (a) through
a lateral edge and the smaller altitude of the base, (b)
through the smaller side of the lower base and opposite
vertex of the upper base, (e) through the greater side
of the lower base and the mid-point of the opposite edge.
506. The base of a right prism is a right-angled triangle
whose hypotenuse is 25 cm long and one of the sides is
equal to 20 cm. The altitude of the prism is 16 cm.
A plane is drawn through the hypotenuse of one of the
bases and the vertex of the right angle of the other base.
76 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

Determine the a,.rea of the section and the angle at which

it is inclined to the base.
507. The base of a right prism is a rhombus with the
side a and angle of 60°. The section of the prism passing
through its greater diagonal is parallel to the diagonal
of the base and inclined to the plane containing the base
at an angle of 30°. Find the area of the section.
508. The base of a right prism is a trapezium whose
bases are equal to 25 cm and fO cm. One of the lateral
"Sides of the trapezium is equal to 25 cm and the altitude
to 24 cm. Determine the areas of the diagonal sections
of this prism if the altitude of the prism is 20 cm high.
509. An isosceles right-angled triangle, whose lateral
side is fO cm long, serves as the base of a prism. The bi-
sector of the right angle of the base is the projection of
one of the lateral edges of the prism on the plane contai-
ning the base. Each lateral edge is inclined to the base
at an angle of 45°. (f) Find the area of the section passing
through a lateral edge and the mid-point of the hypote-
nuse of the bas~. (2) Determine the distance between the
vertex of the right angle of the base and the opposite
face. Compute the area of this face.
510. The altitude of a rectangular parallelepiped is
equal to 16 cm and the sides of the bases to 10 cm and
12 cm. Compute the area of the section drawn through
the smaller side of the lower base and the opposite side
of the upper base.
511. 1. In a rectangular parallelepi ped the sides of the
base are equal to 9 cm and 40 cm, and the altitude to
10 cm. Find the area of the diagonal section.
2. In a rectangular parallelepiped the area of the dia-
gonal section is to the area of the base as 25 to 24. The
altitude and diagonal of the parallelepiped are equal to
10 cm and 10 115 cm, respectively. Find the sides of the
base.
512. In a right parallelepiped the sides of the base are
equal to 8 cm and V 66 cm, and the diagonals of the
base are as 4 : 7. Determine the area of the diagonal
sections of the parallelepiped if its smaller diagonal is
equal to 10 cm.
CH. IV. POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 77

513. The bases and two lateral faces of a parallelepiped

are congruent rectangles with the sides a and b. The lateral
edge is inclinad to the base at an angle of 60°. Find the
area of each section passing through two opposite edges.
514. The faces of a parallelepiped are congruent rhom-
buses with the side a and angle of 60°. Determine the
area of its diagonal sections.
515. The base of an oblique parallelepiped is a rhombus
with an acute angle of 60° and the side a. The lateral
edge is equal to 3a and inclinad to the base at an angle
of 60°. Determine the areas of the diagonal sections if
one of them is perpendicular to the base.

16. The Pyramid

516. 1. What is the sum of all plane anglas of a pyramid
equal to in: (a) triangular, (b) quadrangular, (e) penta-
gonal, (d) decagonal, (e) n-gonal pyramids?
2. How many anglas has the base of a pyramid if the
sum of all the plane anglas of this pyramid is equal to
3600°?
517. Is it possible for a pyramid to ha ve equal lateral
edges if its base is a: (a) triangle, (b) rectangle, (e) rhom-
bus, (d) isosceles trapezium, (e) non-isosceles trapezium,
(f) regular polygon?
518. Is it possible for a pyramid to have equal dihedral
anglas at the base if its base is a: (a) triangle, (b) rect-
angle, (e) rhombus, (d) parallelogram, (e) isosceles trape-
zium, (f) non-isosceles trapezium, (g) regular polygon?
519. 1. lf all the lateral edges of a pyramid are of
equal length, then about its base a circle can be circum-
scribed whose centre will be a trace of the altitude of
the pyramid on the base. Prove this.
2. Formulate and prove the converse.
520. 1. Prove that if the lateral faces of a pyramid are
inclinad to the plane containing the base at one and the
same angle, then a circle can be inscribed in the base
whose centre will be the trace of the altitude of the
pyramid on the base.
2. Formulate and prove the converse.
78 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

521. Prove that the plane passing through the alti-

tude of a regular triangular pyramid and the slant height
of a lateral face is perpendicular to the plane containing
this lateral face.
522. The base of a pyramid is a rhombus and the alti-
tude of .the pyramid passes through the point of inter-
section of the diagonals of the base. Prove that the late-
ral faces of the pyramid are equal.
523. The base of a pyramid· is a right-angled tria:rigle
and the lateral edges are of equal length. Prove that
one of them is perpendicular to the base.
524. Prove that if the base of a pyramid is an isosceles
trapezium and all the lateral faces are equally inclined
to the base, then the lateral side of the trapezium is equal
to its median (midline).
525. 1. Given the side of the base a and the altitude h
find the lateral edge and the slant height of a regular pyra-
mid: (a) triangular, (b) quadrangular, (e) hexagonal.
2. Given the side of the base a and the lateral edge b
determine the altitude and the slant height of a regular
pyramid: (a) triangular, (b) quadrangular, (e) hexagonal.
526. 1. Given the side of the base a and the slant height
m determine the altitude and the lateral edge of a regular
pyramid: (a) triangular, (b) quadrangular, (e) hexagonal.
2. Given the lateral edge b and the slant height m
find the side of the base and. the altitude of a regular
pyramid: (a) triangular, (b) quadrangular, (e) hexagonal.
527. The base of a pyramid is an isosceles triangle
whose base is equal to 30 cm and the alternate angle to
120°. The altitude of the pyramid passes through the
centre of the circle circumscribed about the base and
is equal to 10 cm. Determine the lateral edges of the
pyramid.
528. Each lateral edge of a pyramid is equal to 52 cm.
The base of the pyramid is a triangle with the sides
2 V 10 cm, 24 cm and 12 V 10 cm. Find: (1) the altitude
of the pyramid, (2) the angle between the lateral side
and the base, (3) the dihedral angles at the base.
CH. IV. POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS) 79

529. The base of a pyramid is a triangle ABC with

the sides AB = AC = 34 cm and BC = 32 cm. The
edge SA of the pyramid is equal to 30 cm and perpendi-
cular to the base. Determine: (1) the edges SB and SC,
(2) the ang:les of inclination of the lateral edges to the
base, (3) the area of the face SBC and the angle at which
it is inclinad to the base.
530. Th«:l altitude of a regular triangular prism is
equal to 6 cm, and the side of the base to 3 cm. The
centre of the upper base and the vertices of the lower
base serve as the vertices of a pyramid. Find the anglas
of inclination of the lateral edges and lateral faces of
the pyramid to the base.
531. The base of a pyramid is a pai:allelogram whose
sides are 3 cm and 7 cm. The altitude of the pyramid
passes through the points of intersection of the diagonals
of the base and is equal to 4 cm. The greater lateral edge
of the pyramid is equal to 6 cm. Find the diagonals of
the base.
532. 1. Compute the areas of the diagonal sections of
a regular hexagonal pyramid if the lateral edge is equal
to 10 cm and the altitude to 8 cm.
2. In the same pyramid find: (a) the anglas at which
the lateral edge and face are inclined to the base; (b)
the dihedral angle between two adjacent lateral faces.
533. Construct a quadrangular pyramid in which all
the eight edges are of the same length. Find the angle
at the vertex of the diagonal section of this pyramid.
534. The base of a pyramid is a rectangle ABCD with
the sides of 18 cm and 24 cm. The lateral edge SB is
perpendicular to the base and equal to 10.8 cm. Determi-
ne the areas of the diagonal sections of the pyramid.
535. In a regular quadrangular pyramid the area of
the lateral face equals Q. The dihedral angle at the late-
ral edge amounts to 120°. Find the area of the diagonal
section.
536. Find the areas of the diagonal sections of a quad-
rangular pyramid whose base is a parallelogram with
the sides 23 cm and 11 cm long. The diagonals of the
 80 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

parallelogram are in the ratio of 2 to 3. The altitude of

the pyramid passes through the point of intersection of
the diagonals of the base. The smaller lateral edge of
the pyramid is equal to 26 cm.
537. The altitude of a pyramid is divided into three
equal parts and through the division points sections are
drawn parallel to the base. Determine the areas of the
sections if the area of the base is equal to 900 cm 2 •
538. Through a point which divides the altitude of
a pyramid in the ratio of 2 to 3 a section is drawn parallel
to the base. The area of the section is 10 cm 2 smaller
than the area of the base of the pyramid. Find the area
of the section. (Consider two cases.)
539. In what ratio is the altitude of a pyramid divided
by a section drawn parallel to the base if the area of the
!
section is equal to: (1) half the area of the base¡ (2) the
area of the base; (3) ~ the area of the base; (4) ~ the
area of the base?
540. The area of the base of a pyramid is equal to
224 cm 2 and the area of á section parallel to it to 14 cm 8 •
The distance between them is equal to 27 cm. Find the
altitude of the pyramid.
541. In a regular triangular pyramid with the side
of the base a and the plane angle at the vertex of the
right angle a section is drawn parallel to the base which
cuts from each lateral edge a segment equal to m (as
measured from the vertex). In what ratio is the altitude
cut by the section?
542. The altitude of a regular triangular pyramid is
8 dm high and the side of the base is equal to 2 dm.
Compute the area of a section drawn through the side
of the base perpendicular to the opposite edge.
543. The altitude of a regular quadrangular pyramid
is equal to 40 cm and the diagonal of the base to 60 cm.
Draw a plane through the diagonal of the base of the
pyramid perpendicular to a lateral edge. Compute the
area of the section and the angle at which it is inclinad
to the plane containing the base.
CH. IV. POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 81

544. In a regular quadrangular pyramid the side of

the base is equal to 3 cm and the altitude to 2 cm. In
what ratio does the section bisecting the dihedral angle
at the base divide the area of the opposite face?
545. The base of a pyramid is a square. The three
lateral edges are a, b and c. Find the fourth one.

17. The Truncated Pyramid

546. 1. How many diagonals can be drawn in a trun-
cated: (a) quadrangular, (b) pentagonal, (e) n-gonal
pyramid?
2. What figures are yielded by the diagonal sections
of a regular truncated pyramid; irregular truncated
pyramid?
3. How many diagonal sections can be drawn through
one lateral edge in an n-gonal truncated pyramid, through
all the edges?
547. In a regular triangular truncated pyramid the
sides of the bases are equal to 5 dm and 11 dm, and the
lateral edge to 4 dm. Find the altitude and the slant
height of the pyramid .
. 548. In a regular triangular truncated pyramid the
altitude and the slant height are equal to 15 cm and
17 cm, respectively. The altitude of the smaller base
equals 6 cm. Find the sides of the bases and the lateral
edge.
549. In a regular triangular pyramid the lateral edge
is 12 cm long and forms an angle of 60° with the plane
containing the largar base. The side of the smaller base
is equal to 3 V3 cm. Find the side of the largar base, the
altitude and the slant height of the pyramid.
550. In a regular triangular truncated pyramid the
si des of· the bases equal 18 cm and 12 cm, and the lateral
faces are inclinad to the plane of the greater base at an
angle of 45°. Find the altitude and the lateral edge of
this truncated pyramid and the altitude of the correspond-
ing non-truncated pyramid.
82 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETR Y

551. The bases of a truncated pyramid are isosceles

right-angled triangles whose hypotenuses are equal to
10 cm and 26 cm. The altitude of the pyramid passes
through the centres of the circles circumscribed about
the bases and is equal to 6 cm. Determine the· lateral
edges of the pyramid.
552. In a triangular truncated pyramid ABCA 1B 1 C1
the lateral face AA 1B 1B is an isosceles trapezium perpen-
dicular to the bases. The sides of the lower base AB =
=50 cm, AC = 40 cm and BC = 30 cm; the side of
the upper base A 1B 1 = 10 cm, the altitude of this pyra-
mid equals 15 cm. Find the anglas of inclination of the
lateral edges and lateral faces to the base.
553. In a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid the
altitude is half the length of the lateral edge, and the
sides of the bases are a and b. Find the altitude, the
lateral edge and the slant height of the pyramid.
554. The lateral edge of a regular quadrangular pyra-
mid is inclinad to the base at an angle of are tan ~­
Prove that the opposite lateral faces of this truncated
:pyramid are mutually perpendicular.
555. In a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid the
sides of the bases are equal to a and b. The lateral edge
forms with the side of the greater base an angle of 60°.
Determine the slant height, lateral edge, angle of incli-
nation of the lateral edge to the greater base and alti-
tude of the pyramid.
556. In a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid the
diagonals are mutually perpendicular. The sides of the
bases are equal to 20 cm and 10 cm. Determine the alti-
tude, diagonals, lateral edge, slant height and diagonal
of the lateral face of the pyramid.
557. In a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid the
area of the smaller base is equal to 36 cm 2 , and the area
of the lateral face to 14 cm 2 • The lateral face is inclinad
to the plane containing the greater base at an angle of60°.
Find the side of the ~reatar base.
CH. lV. POL'YHEDRONS AND ROUND Sot..IDS

558. In a regular hexagonal truncated pyramid the

side of the smaller base is equal to 14 cm. The slant height
of the pyramid equal to 8 cm is inclined to the greater
base at an angle of 30°. Determine the side of the greater
base and the diagonals of the pyramid.
559. The sides of the bases of a regular triangular
truncated pyramid are equal to 2 dm and 5 dm and the
altitude to 1 dm. Through the vertex of the smaller base
a section is drawn parallel to the opposite lateral face.
Find the area of this section.
560. In a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid the
diagonal of the lateral face is 8 cm long and perpendicular
to the lateral side of the pyramid. The side of the greater
base is to the lateral edge as 5 to 3. Determine the area
of the diagonal section of the pyramid.
561. The diagonals of a regular quadrangular truncated
pyramid are perpendicular to the lateral edges. The
lateral edge of the pyramid is equal to 72 cm and its
altitude to 56 cm. Find the sides of the bases of the
pyramid and the area of its diagonal section.
562. The sides of the bases of a regular quadrangular
truncated pyramid are equal to 18 dm and 12 dm and the
lateral faces are inclined to the plane of the greater base
at an angle of 60°. Find the diagonals of this pyramid
and areas of its diagonal sections.
563. The slant height of ·a regular quadrangular trun-
cated pyramid is equal to 20 dm and the sides of its
bases to 12 dm and 6 dm. Determine the area of a section
of this pyramid passing through opposite sides of the
bases.
564. In a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid the
sides of the bases are equal to 20 m and 10 m, the lateral
edge is inclined to the greater base at an angle of 45°.
Cut the pyramid by a plane passing through the side of
the greater base perpendicular to the opposite lateral
face and compute the area of the section.
565. In a regular hexagonal truncated pyramid the
sides of the bases are equal to 12 cm and 18 cm and the
lateral edge is inclined to the plane containing the greater
84 PROlJLEMS IN GEOMETRY

base atan angle of 45°. Determine the are as of the diagonal

sections.
566. The bases of a truncated pyramid are rectangles.
The sides of the greater base a.re equal to 30 cm and 40 cm,
and those of the smaller base to 15 cm and 20 cm. One
of the lateral edges is perpendicular to the planes contain-
ing the bases and equals 8 cm. Determine: (1) the lateral
edges of the pyramid; (2) the angles of inclination of the
lateral edges to the greater base; (3) the areas of the
lateral faces; (4) the angles of inclination of the lateral
faces to the greater base; (5) the diagonals; (6) the angles
of inclination of the diagonals to the bases; (7) the areas
of the diagonal sections; (8) the angles of inclination of
the diagonal planes to the bases.
567. The areas of the bases of a truncated pyramid are
equal to 16 cm 2 and 144 cm 2 , and the altitude to 18 cm.
Find the altitude of the corresponding non-truncated
pyramid.
568. The areas of the bases of a truncated pyramid are
Q1 and Q2 • Find the area of the mid-section and the area
of the section which is parallel to the bases and divides
the altitude of the pyramid in the ratio of 1 to 2 (in the
direction of the greater base).

18. Regular Polyhedrons

569_. Two tetrahedrons with equal edges are brought
together so that their contacting faces coincide. How
many vertices, edges and faces has the polyhedron thus
obtained? Will the obtained polyhedron be regular?
57Q. Prove that the straight lines passing through the
midpoint of the altitude and the vertices of the base of
a tetrahedron are mutually perpendicular.
571. The edge of a tetrahedron is equal to a. Determine
the altitude, the slant height and the angla of inclination
of the edge to the plane containing the faca.
572. Prove that in a tetrahedron the sum of the distan-
ces between the centre of the base and the lateral faces
is equal to the altitude of the tetrahedron.
 CH. IV, POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 85

573. A tetrahedron ABCD is cut by a plane AEF so

that the line segment EF is parallel to BD and passes
through the centre of the face BCD. Find the area of the
seetion if the edge of the tetrahedron is 9 dm long.
574. 1. Find the distance between the centres of two
faces of a tetrahedron whose edge is a.
2. The distance between the centres of two faces of
a tetrahedron is equal. to 5 cm. Find the surface area
of the tetrahedron.
575. Construct an octahedron with the edge a and
determine: (f) the areas of the diagonal sections; (2) the
distanee between two opposite vertices; (3) the angles
between adjacent faces; (4) the distance between the
centres of two adjacent faces; (5) the distance between
parallel faces.
576. 1. Through a point which divides the edge of
a tetrahedron in the ratio of f to 4 a plane is drawn per-
pendicular to this edge. Find the perimeter of the obtai-
ned section if the edge of the tetrahedron is equal to a.
2. The same for an oetahedron.
577. The edge of a tetrahedron is equal to a. Find
the edge of an octahedron if their surface areas are equal.
578. The edge of an octahedron is equal to a. Find
the area of the section passing through the diagonal of
the octahedron perpendicular to its edge.
579. A cube is cut by planes passing through its centre
and each side of the base. Into how many polyhedrons
is the cube divided and what are they?
580. The edge of a cube is a. Find the ratio of the
surface areas of a tetrahedron and an octahedron inscri-
bed in it.
581. f. How many planes of symmetry pass through
one vertex in a: (a) tetrahedron, (b) octahedron, (e) hexa-
hedron?
2. How many planes of symmetry has a: (a) tetrahedron,
(b) octahedron, (e) hexahedron?
582. J oin the centres of each pair of adjacent faces of
an octahedron and draw planes through adjacent straight
lines. Prove that the hexahedron thus obtained is a cube
86 PROBLBMS IN GBOMETRY

and compute its surface area if the edge of the octahedron

is equal to a.
583. A cube is inscribed in an octahedron so that its
vertices are found on the edges of the octahedron. Deter-
mine the diagonal of the cube if the edge of the octa-·
hedron is equal to a.
584. A regular quadrangular prism is inscribed in an
octahedron so that its vertices lie on the edges of the
octahedron. The lateral edge of the prism is twice the
length of the side of its base. Determine the edges of
the prism if the edge of the octahedron is equal to a.

19. 1'he Rigbt Circular Cylinder

585. 1. Find the locus of points of space situated at
a given distance from a given straight line.
2. Find the locus of points of space situated at a given
distance from a given cylindrical surface.
3. Find the locus of points of space situated at a given
distance from two given parallel straight lines.
586. The diagonal of an axial section of a cylinder
d = 40 cm and is incl~ed to the base at an angle cz =
= 66°25'. Determine the "'altitude of the cylinder and
the radius of its base.
587. 1. The radius of the base of a cylinder is equal to
3 m, its altitude to 8 m. Find the diagonal of an axial
section.
2. An axial section of a cylinder is a square whose area
is S. Find the area of the base.
588. The altitude of a cylinder is equal to 16 dm, the
radius of the base to 10 dm. The end-points of a given
line segment which is 20 dm long lie on the circumferenees
of both base circles. Find the shortest distance between
this segment and the axis of the cylinder.
589. The end-points of a line segment AB are situated
on the circumferences of the base circles of a cylinder.
The projection of the end-point of the segment on a
parallel to it axial section divides the diameter of the
base in the ratio of 1 : 5. Find the length of the segment
CH. IV. POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 87

AB if the radius of the base and the altitude of the cylin-

der are equal to 18 cm and 32 cm, respectively.
590. A triangle ABC in which AB = 15 cm, AC =
= 14 cm and BC = 13 cm rotates about an axis which
passes through the vertex C parallel to the side AB.
Find the diagonal of the axial section of the cylinder
generated by the side AB.
591. 1. What point is the centre of symmetry of a right
circular cylinder?
2. How many axes of symmetry has a right circular
cylinder? What are they?
3. What planes are the planes of symmetry of a right
circular ey lindar?
592. A plane is drawn through two elements of a cylin-
der. The area of the section constitutes 75 per cent of the
area of an axial section of the cylinder. Find the distance
between this section and the axis of rotation of the cylin-
der if the radius of its base is equal to 8 cm.
593. In a cylinder with the radius of the base of 40 cm
and the altitude 30 cm a plane is drawn parallel
to the axis and at a distance of 24 cm from it. Find the
area of the section.
594. In a cylinder a plane is drawn parallel to its
axis to cut ares of 120° from the base circles. The peri-
meter of the section is equal to 60 cm, and its area to
225 cm 2 • Determine the radius of the base of the cylinder
and its altitude.
595. The altitude of a cylinder is 16 dm, the radius of
the base, 10 dm. The cylinder is cut by aplane parallel
to its axis so that the section figure is a square. Find
the distance between the section and the axis of the
cylinder.
596. Determine the cross-section and axial section of
a pipe 3 m long whose outer and inner diameters are
equal to 0.5 m and 0.4 m, respectively.
597. In a cylinder a section is drawn perpendicular
to its base and dividing the base circle in the ratio of 1
to 5. Find the ratio of the areas ~f the given and axial
sections of the cylinder.
88 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

598. A regular quadrangular prism is inscribed in

a cylinder. The diagonal of the lateral face of the prism
is equal to l and inclinad to the base at an angle of 60°.
Find the -diagonal of an axial section of the cylinder.
599. The altitude of a cylinder h = 4 dm, the radius
of the base r = 14 dm. A square is inscribed in this
cylinder inclinad to its axis so that all its vertices are
found on circumferences of the base circles. Find the
ar~a of this square.
600. A plane is drawn through the diameter of the
upper base and a chord of the lower base of a cylinder.
The distances between this plane and the end-points
of the diameter of the lower base which is perpendicular
to the chord are as 1 : 2. The radius of the base of the
cylinder is equal to 3 dm and its altitude to V3 dm.
Determine the angle of inclination of the cutting plane
to the plan e containing the base of the cylinder.
601. In an equilateral cylinder (i.e. in a cylinder whose
axial section is a square) a pyramid is inscribed whose
base is an equilateral triangle and one of the lateral
edges is an element of the cylinder. Compute the area
of the greater face of the pyramid and the angle at which
it is inclinad to the base if the diagonal of the axial
section of the cylinder equals 8 V2 cm.
602. A regular quadrangular prism whose edge is a
is inscribed in a cylinder. Determine the area of the axial
section of the cylinder.
603. A regular quadrangular, pyramid is inscribed in
a cylinder whose altitude H = 5 dm. lts lateral edge
is inclinad to the base at an angle a = 58°12'. Determine
the radius of the base of the cylinder.
604. A regular triangular prism is inscribed in a cylin-
der. A line segment joining the centre of the cylinder
base to a point Mofa lateral edge of the prism is equal
to 16 cm and forms with the lateral edge an angle of 30°.
The point M divides the lateral edge in the ratio of 1
to 4. Find the area of the axial section of the cylinder.
(Two cases.)
 CH. IV. POLYllEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 89

605. The diagonal of an axial section of an equilateral

cylinder is equal to d. Find the edges of a regular trian-
gular prism inscribed in this cylinder.
606. A cylinder is inscribed in a right triangular
prism; the sides of its base are 26 cm, 28 cm and 30 cm.
Determine the area of the axial section of the cylinder
and the area of its base if the altitude of the prism is
equal to 40 cm.
607. A line segment is tangent to a cylinder and its
end-points are contained in the planes of the bases of the
cylinder. The end-points of the segment are 20 cm and
15 cm distant from the axis of the cylinder. Determine
the length of this segment if the radius of the base is
equal to 12 cm and the altitude to 25 cm.
608. The diameters AB and CD of the upper and lower
bases of a cylinder are mutually perpendicular. A section
of the cylinder passes through one diameter and the
end-point of the other. The area of the section is to the
area of the base of the cylinder as 1 : 2 Y.2. Prove that
the diameter of the base of the cylinder is twice the
length of its altitude.
609. A regular quadrangular pyramid is inscribed in
a cylinder whose altitude equals 10 cm. The end-point
of an element passing through a vertex of the base of
the pyramid is 6 cm distant from its edge. Find the side
of the base and the lateral edge of the pyramid.

20. The Right Circular Cone

610. Orally. 1. The generator of a cone is equal to
10 cm, and the altitude to 6 cm. Find the radius of the
base.
2. The altitude of a cone is equal to H. The generator
is inclined to the base at an angle of 30°. Find the radius
of the base.
3. The radius of the base of a con e is R. The axial
section is an equilateral triangle. Find its area.
611. 1. The radius of the base of a con e is R, the alti-
tude is h. Find the generator.
90 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

2. The area of the base of a cone is Q, the generator

is l. Find the altitude of a cone.
3. The generator of a cone l is inclinad to its base at
an angle of 60°. Find the radius of the base and the alti-
tude of the cone.
4. The radius of the.base of a cone is R, the area of the
axial section is Q. Find the generator.
612. A right-angled triangle ABC with a right angle C
revolves about the side BC. What figures are obtained
by revolving: (1) the point A, (2) the side AC, (3) the
hypotenuse AB, (4) the triangle ABC?
613. A trapezium ABCD in whichADII BC (AD >BC)
and AB ..L AD revolves about a straight line passing
through the vertex of an acute angle parallel to the
smaller lateral side. What figures are obtained by rotating:
(1) the vertices of the trapezium, (2) the sides of the
trapezium, (3) the trapezium itself?
614. The angle at the vertex of an axial section of
a cone is a right one. The area of the section area is
equal to 25 cm 2• Find the generator of the cone and the
area of its base.
615. 1. The ratio of the area of the base of a cone and
the area of the axial section is equal to n V3. Find
the angle of inclination of the generator to the base.
2. Find the ratio of the area of the base of an equila-
teral cone (i.e. of a cone whose axial section is an equila-
teral triangle) to the area of its axial section.
616. The diameter of the base circle of a cone is equal
to 54 cm and the generator to 45 cm. Determine the area
of the axial section and the maximum angle between the
elements.
617. Two mutually perpendicular elements of a cone
are subtended by a chord of the base circle equal to a.
The altitude of the cone equals ; . (1) Determine the
angle of inclination of the generator to the base and the
angle at the vertex of the axial section of the cone. (2) Is
it possible to draw in the base circle a chord longer than·a?
CH. IV. POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 91

. 618. The area of an axial section of a cone is equal to

40 V3 cm 2 • The maximum angle between the elements
is 120°. Determine the altitude of the cone, its generator
and radius of the base circle.
619. An equilateral cone whose generator is l rolls
along a plane ~ rotating about its vertex. Find the area
of the base of the cone generated by: (1) the altitude of
the given cone, (2} the element of the given cone perma-
nently found at a maximum angle to the plane ~.
620. The angle at the vertex in an axial section of
a cone is equal to 120°, and the altitude to h. A second
cone is constructed so that its vertex coincides with the
vertex of the given cone and the generator is perpendi-
cular to the generator of the given cone. Find the area
of the axial section of the second cone if its altitude is
also equal to h.
621. Through the vertex of a cone a plane is drawn at an
angle of 60° to the altitude. The altitude of the cone is
equal to 4 dm, the generator to 10 dm. Compute the area
of the section.
622. Through the vertex of a cone a plane is drawn at
an angle of 60° to the base. Compute the distance between
the centre of the base of the cone and the cutting plane
if the altitude of the cone is equal to 24 cm.
623. The radius of the base circle of a cone is R. The
angle at the vertex of the axial section is equal to 120°.
Find the area of a section drawn through two mutually
perpendicular elements.
624. Through the vertex of a cone and at an angle of
30° to the base a plane is drawn cutting off a third of the
base circle. The altitude of the cone equals 6 m. Determine
the area of the section.
625. A chord divides the base circle of a cone in the
ratio of 1 to 3. Through the vertex of the cone and this
chord a section is drawn at an angle of 60° to the base.
The altitude of the cone is equal to h. Find the ratio
of the areas of the base and the section.
626. The maximum angle between the elements of
a cone is equal to 126°54'. A plane is dr41wn through two
92 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

elements the angle between which amounts to 60°. Find

the angle between this plane and the base.
627. The radius of the base of a cone is equal to 16 cm.
Find the area of a section parallel to the base which
divides the altitude of the cone: (1) into two equal parts;
(2) in the ratio of 1 to 3 (as measured from the vertex);
(3) in the ratio of m to n.
628. The altitude of a cone is equal to 36 cm and the
diameter of the base circle to 24 cm. The cone is cut by
a plane parallel to the base so that the area of the section
equals 64n cm 1 • Determine the distance between the
cutting plane and the base of the cone.
629. The altitude of a cone is equal to 15 cm. At a
distance of 6 cm from the base a section parallel to the
base is drawn whose area is 36n cm 1 • Find . the radius
of the base circle. ,
630. Through the mid-point of an element l = 10 cm
of an equilateral cone a plane is drawn perpendicular
to this element. Determine the area of the section thus
obtained if the projection of the section on the plane
of the base of the cone is a circle.
631 •• In a cone with the altitude h = 15 cm a regular
triangular pyramid is inscribed. lts faces are inclined
to the base at an angle of a = 36°34'. Determine the
generator of the cone.
632. A regular tetrahedron can be inscribed in a given
cone. Compute the maximum angle between the elements
of such a cone.
633. A cube with the edge a is inscribed in an equila-
teral cone. Find the generator of the cone.
634. In an equilateral cone an equilateral cylinder is
inscribed so that their axes coincide. Find the area of
the axial section of the cone if that of the cylinder is
equal to a 1 •
635. Inscribed in an equilateral cone is a rectangular
parallelepiped with a square base. The altitude of the
parallelepiped is twice the length of the side of the base
equal to a. Determine the area of the axial section of the
con e.
CH. IV, POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 93

21. The Truncated Cone

636. A rhombus ABCD (AC being the greater diagonal)

revolves about a straight line which is perpendicular to
the diagonal AC and passing through the vertex C.
What figures are obtained by revolving the vertices of
the rhombus, the sides of the rhombus, the diagonals
of the rhombus, the rhombus itself?
637. An isosceles trapezium ABCD (BC 11 AD and
BC < AD) revolves about a straight line perpendicular
to the base AD and passing through the vertex A. What
figures are obtained by revolving the vertices of the
trapezium, the sides of the trapezium, the diagonals of
the trapezium, the trapezium itself?
638. 1. The radii of the bases of a truncated cone are
equal tó 8 m and 5 m, the altitude to 4 m. Find the gene-
rator.
2. The radii of the bases of a truncated cone are R
and r; the generator is inclinad to the base at an angle
of 45°. Find the altitude.
3. The altitude of a truncated cone is equal to H.
Determine the generator if it is inclinad to the base
at an angle of 30°.
639. 1. The radii of the bases of a truncated cone are
equal to 7 cm and 22 cm, and the generator to 25 cm.
Find the altitude of the cone.
2. The generator l of a truncated cone ·is inclinad to
the plane containing the greater base at an angle of 45°.
The radius of the smaller base is equal to r. Determine
the altitude and the radius of the greater base of the
cone.
640. The altitude of a truncated cone is equal to 12 cm,
the generator to 13 cm. Find the radii of the bases of the
cone if their ratio is 3 : 4.
641. The generator of a truncated cone equal to l is
inclinad to the base at an angle of 60° and perpendicular
to the diagonal of the axial section. Find the radii of the
bases and the altitude.
94 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

642. The radii of the bases of a truncated cone are R

and r, the altitude is h. A circle can be inscribed in the
axial section. Prove that h = 2 V Rr.
643. The area of the circle inscribed in the axial sec-
tion of a truncated con e is equal to Q. The generator is
inclined to the base at an angle of 45°. Find the radii
of the bases.
644. In a truncated cone the diagonals of the axial
section are mutually perpendicular and divided at the
point of intersection in the ratio of 7 to 24. The generator
of the cone is equal to 50 cm. Determine the radii of
the bases and the altitude of the cone.
645. A triangle whose sides are 25 cm, 29 cm and 36 cm
long rotates about an axis passing through the vertex
of the medium angle and perpendicular to the greater
side. Determine the area of the axial section of the trun-
cated cone generated by the medium side of the triangle.
646. The axial section of a truncated cone is a trape-
zium in which the diagonal is perpendicular to the late-
ral side. Determine the area of the diagonal section if
the generator and the altitude of the truncated coné are
equal to 15 dm and 12 dm, respectively.
647. Inscribed in a truncated cone whose radius of the
smaller base circle is equal to 5 dm is another truncated
cone. Their axes coincide, and the smaller base of the
given cone serves as the greater base of the _new one.
The radius of the smaller base circle of the inscribed
cone is equal to 2 dm. The generators of both eones are
equal to each other and inclined to the base of the given
con e at an angle of 60°. Determine the areas of the axial
sections of both eones.
648. 1. The radii of the base circles of a truncated cone
are R and r. Find the area of the mid-section parallel
to the bases.
2. The areas of the base circles of a truncated cone are
16n cm 11 and 49n cm 11 • Find the area of the section which
is parallel to the bases and divides the altitude of the
cone in the ratio of 1 to 2. (Consider two cases.)
CH. IV. POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 95

649. The diagonals of the axial section of a truncated

cone are mutually perpendicular, its altitude being equal
to H. Find the area of a section of this truncated cone
by a plane drawn through the mid-point of the altitude
and parallel to the bases.
650. The areas of the bases of a truncated cone are
equal to 36n cm 2 and 100n cm 2 , the area of a section
parallel to the bases to 64n cm 2 • In what ratio is the
altitude divided by this section?
651. The radii of the base circles of a truncated cone
are equal to 16 cm and 12 cm, the altitude to 8 cm. Find
the area of a section passing through the parallel chords
of the base circles on one side of the altitude of the cone
if each chord divides the base circle in the ratio of 1 to 3.
652. Through two elements of a truncated cone a plane
is drawn cutting off the base circles ares of 120°. Determine
the area of the section and the angle at which it is inclined
to the base if the radii of the base circles are equal to
10 cm and 2 cm, and the generator to 12 cm.
653. In a truncated cone AB and CD are diameters
of the bases parallel to each other. The point M bisects
the semicircle CD of the greater base circle. Find the
area of the triangle ABM if the generator of the cone
is equal to 13 cm, and the radii of the bases to 4 cm
and 9 cm.
654. The radii of the base circles of a truncated cone
are equal to 9 cm and 15 cm, the altitude to 8 cm. Thrt>ugh
the diameter AB of the smaller base circle a section is
drawn which is inclined to the base at the same angle as
the generator of the cone and intersects the greater base
circle at points C and D. Find the area of the trapezium
ABCD.
655. The generator, altitude and radius of the greater
base circle of a truncated cone are equal to 10 cm, 6 cm
and 12 cm, respective! y. Find the area of the projection
of the lateral surface on the plane of the greater base.
656. The area of the projection of the lateral surface
of a truncated cone on the plane of the greater base is
equal to 189n dm 2 • The generator and the altitude of
96 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

this cone are equal to 25 dm and 24 dm, respectively.

Determine the area of the axial section of this cone.
657. A line segment 25 cm long joins two points situa-
ted on the base circles of a truncated cone. Determine
the distance between this segment and the axis of the
cone if the radii of the bases and the altitude of the
truncated cone are equal to 14 cm, 13 cm and 20 cm,
respectively.
 CHAPTER V

AREAS OF POLYHEDRONS
AND ROUND SOLIDS

22. Areas of Parallelepipeds and Prisms

658. 1. Determine the surface area of a cube whose
edge is equal to: 10 cm, 2.5 cm, 5 cm.
2. Determine the surface area of a cube if its diagonal
is equal to: 6 cm, 4 cm, 3 cm.
3. Determine the surface area of a cube given the area Q
of its diagonal section.
4. Deternrine the edge of a cube if its surface area
amounts to: 384 dm 2 , 8.64 m 2 •
659. The edge of a cube is equal to 8 cm. Draw the
development of its surface area. Will a sheet of paper
40 cm X 30 cm size be sufficient for this purpose? Deter-
mine the lateral and total surface areas of the cube.
660. Determine the surface area of a rectangular paral-
lelepiped if: (1) its dimensions are equal to 4 cm X
x 6 ·cm X 8 cm; (2) the sides of the base are equal to
6 cm and 8 cm, and its diagonal to 26 cm; (3) its dimen-
sions are as 1 : 3 : 5, and the area of the smaller face
is equal to 27 dm 2 •
661. The sides of the base of a rectangular parallelepi-
ped are equal to 16 cm and 18 cm, and its diagonal to
34 cm. Determine the ratio of the total surface area to
the lateral one.
662. The sides of the base of a rectangular parallelepi-
ped are equal to 20 cm and 21 cm, and the diagonal

4-1224
98 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

sections are squares. Determine the area ~f the lateral

surface of the parallelepiped.
663. The perimeter of tne base of a rectangular paralle-
lepiped is equal to 14 dm, its diagonal and altitude
being equal to 13 dm and 12 dm, respectively. Determine
the total surface area of the parallelepiped.
664. The areas of the faces of a rec.tangular parallele-
piped are as 3 : 5 : 15, and the ·total surface area of the
parallelepiped is equal to 184 dm'2. Find its dimensions.
665. 1. How many containers of the rectangular shape
can be manufacturad from an iron sheet 140 cm X 70 cm
size if the dimensiona of the container must be 35 cm X
X 20 cm X 10 cm.
2. How much linen (80 cm wide) is it required to pack
a box whose size is 2.4 m X 1.6 m X 1.5 m? Add 2 per
cent of the found amount for seams.
666. How much mortar is it required to plaster a build-
ing 42.5 m long, 12.5 m wide and 6.4 m high? The build-
ing has 30 windows of size 1.4 m X 2.2 in. Mortar con-
sumption is 20 kilograms per square metre.
667. A box without a cover is made up from eight
boards. Each board is 6 m long and 0.4 m wide. The box
is 2.5 m long, 1.4 m wide and 1.2 m high. The overlap
in fastening the boards amounted to 4 per cent of the
total surface area of the box. What percentage of the
material remains unused?
668. In a regular quadrangular prism the diagonal is
inclinad to the base at an angle of 30°, and the lateral
surface area of the prism is equal to 48 V6 m 2 • Determine
the side of its base.
669. In a regular triangular prism the side of the base
is equal to a. The diagonal of a lateral face is inclined
to the plane of another lateral face at an angle of 30°.
Find the lateral surface area of the prism.
670. The altitude of a regular triangular prism is equal
to 14 V 3 cm, and the ratio of the areas of the base and
the lateral face is 2 : 7. Determine the si de of the base
of the prism.
CH. V. AREAS OF POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 99

671. The diagonal of a regular quadrangular prism is

inclinad to the lateral face at an angle of 30°. The side
of the base is equal to a. Determine the area of the lateral
surface of the prism.
672. 1. In a regular hexagonal prism the side of the
base is equal to the lateral edge. Determine the area of
the lateral surface of the prism if the area of the smaller
diagonal section is equal to 25 y3 cm 2 •
2. The area of the greatllr diagonal section of a regular
hexagonal prism is equal to Q. Find the area of the late-
ral surface of the prism.
673. 1. The lateral surface area of a regular hexagonal
prism is equal to 48 dm 2 • Find the areas of the diagonal
sections.
2. The side of the base of a regular hexagonal prism is
equal to a. The greater diagonal of the prism is inclinad
to the base at-an angle of 60°. Find the total surface
area of the prism.
674. Through a side of the lower base of a regular
triangular prism a plane is drawn which intersects the
opposite lateral edge at its mid-point and is ,inclinad
to the base at an angle of 30°. Find the lateral surface
area of this prism if the side of its base is equal to 10 cm.
675. In a regular triangular prism the base is a right-
angled triangle whose sides containing the right angle
are equal to 10 cm and 24 cm. The diagonal of the greater
lateral face is inclinad to· the base at an angle of 60°.
Determine the area of the lateral surface of the prism.
676. The base of a right parallelepiped is a rhombus
whose greater diagonal is four times longer than the
radius R of the incircle. The smaller diagonal of the
parallelepiped is inclinad to the base at an angle of 60°.
Determine the area of the lateral surface of the parallele-
piped.
677. The base of a right prism is a rhombus whose side
is equal toa and the acute angle to 60°. The section drawn
through the longar diagonal of one base and the vertex
of an obtusa angle of the other base represents a right-
angled triangle. Find the total surface area of the prism.
too l'l'\OBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

678. The base of a right parallelepiped is a rhombus

with an acute angle of 60°. The area of the larger diagonal
section is equal to Q. Find the area of the lateral surface
of the parallelepiped.
679. The base of a right parallelepiped is a rhombus;
the areas of the diagonal sections are equal to 60 cm 2
and 80 cm 2 • Determine the area of the lateral surface of
the parallelepiped.
680. In a right triangular prism ABCA 1B 1C1 the area
of the face AA 1B 1B is equal to 26 dm 2 • Through the
edge AA 1 a plane is drawn perpendicular to the face
BB 1 C1 C. Compute the area of the lateral surface of the
prism if the area of the seclion is equal to 24 dm 2 and
the angle C of the base amounts to 53°8'.
681. The base of a right prism is an isosceles trapezium
whose bases are equal to 22 cm and 12 cm. A plane is
drawn through the greater base of the trapezium, which
is the lower base of the prism, and the opposite side of
the upper base. Find the surface area of the prism if the
area of the section is equal to 408 cm 2 and it is inclined
to the base at an angle of 60°.
682. The base of a right parallelepiped is a paral1elo-
gram with the sirles 4 dm and 9 dm long and angle of 60°.
The greater diagonal of the base is equal to the smaller
diagonal of the parallelepiped. Det-ermine the total
surface area of the parallelepiped.
683. The base of a right prism is an isosceles trapezium
in which a circle of radius 8 cm can be inscribed. The
lateral side of this trapezium is equal to 20 cm. Find
the altitude of the prism if the area of its lateral surface
is equal to 160 cm 2 •
684. The sirles of the base of a right triangular prism
are to one another as 3 : 25 : 26. The lateral edge is
equal to 10 cm, and the total surface area amounts to
288 cm 2 • Determine the area of the lateral surface of the
prism.
685. A wooden beam of a square cross section (60 cm X
X 60 cm) is 3m 25 cm long. At a distance of 1 m 57 cm
from the end it is cut into two equal parts. Determine the
surface area of the cut-away half.
CH. V. AREAS OF POLYHEIJRONS ANO ROUND SOLIDS 101

686. 1. In an oblique triangular prism the distances

between the lateral edges are equal to 3 cm, 4 cm and
5 cm, and the lateral edge to 6 cm. Find the area of the
lateral surface of the prism.
2. In an oblique quadrangular prism the lateral edge
is equal to 3 dm, and the area of the lateral surface to
66 dm 2 • Find the distances between the neighbouring
edges of the prism if they are to one another as 1 : 2 : 3 : 5.
687. The base of an oblique prism is a regular triangle
with the side a. The length of the lateral edge is b. One
of the lateral edges forros with the adjacent sides of the
base angles of 60°. Find the are a of the lateral surface
of the prism.
688. In an oblique triangular prism two lateral faces
are perpendicular to each other, their are as being equal
to 60 cm 2 and 80 cm 2 • Find the are a of the lateral surface
of the prism if its lateral edge is 10 cm long.
689. The base of a prism is a regular triangle with the
side equal to 6 V3 dm. A vertex of the upper base is
projected at the mid-point of a side of the lower base.
The altitude of the prism is 12 dm high. Find the area
of the lateral surface of the prism.
690. Through the mid-point of the altitude of a regular
tetrahedron a section is drawn parallel to the base.
Another section is drawn through a side of the first one
parallel to the opposite edge. Determine the area of the
lateral surface of the oblique prism thus obtained if the
edge of the tetrahedron is equal to a.
· 691. The base of a prism is a regular triangle whose
side is a. One of the vertices of the upper base is projected
in the centre of the lower base. The lateral edges of the
prism are inclined to the base at an angle of 60°. Find
the total surface area of the prism.
692. The base of a prism is a square with the side a.
One of the lat~ral faces is a square, another is a rhombus
with an angle of 60°. Determine the total surface area
of the prism. ·
693. The base of an oblique parallelepiped is a rhombus
whose aide is equal to 15 "m and acute angle to 60°.
102 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

The greater diagonal section of the parallelepiped is

perpendicular to the base. Determine the total surface
area of the parallelepiped if the lateral edge is 10 cm
long and inclinad to the base at an ,angle of 60°.
694. The base of a parallelepiped is a square with the
side a. The altitude of the parallelepiped is also equal
to a. The projection of one of the lateral edges on the
plane containing the lower base coincides with half its
diagonal. Find the area of the lateral surface of the
parallelepiped. ,
695. In an oblique hexagonal prism a perpendicular
section yields a regular hexagon. The cutting plane forms
with the base of the prism a dihedral angle of 60°. Find
the area of the lateral surface of the prism if the area
of its base is equal to 72 y3 cm, and the lateral edge to
10 cm. ,

23. Areas of Pyramids

696. Given the side of the base a and altitude h deter-

mine the total area of a regular pyramid: (1) triangular,
(2) quadran~lar, (3) hexagonal.
697. Determine the area of the lateral surface of a re-
gular (a) triangular, (b) quadrangular, (e) hexagonal
pyramid if the side of the base is equal to a and the angle
of inclination of the lateral face to the base is equal
to 60°.
698. The area of the lateral surfaée of a regular pyramid
is equal to Q, the side of the base to-a. Find the lateral
edge and the altitude if the pyramid is: (a) triangular,
(b) quadrangular, (e) })exagonal.
699. The are a of the base is to the area of the lateral
surface as 1 : 2; the side of the base is equal to a. Find
the altitude of the pyramid: (a) triangular, (b) quadran-
gular, (e) hexagonal.
700. The diagonal section of a regular quadrangular
pyramid is equal to the base whose side is a. Fjnd the
area of the lateral surface of the pyramid.
CH. V. AREAS OP POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS i03

701 • 1. Determine the surface area of a regular tetra-

hedron with the edge a.
2. Determine the surface area of a regular octahedron
if its edge is equal to 5 cm.
702. The side of the base of a regular quadrangular
pyramid is equal to 5 dm; the dihedral anglas at the
lateral edges to 120°. Find the area of the lateral surface
of the pyramid.
703. The altitude of a regular hexagonal pyramid is
equal to 8 cm, and the side of the base to 4 Y3 cm. Deter-
mine the total surface area of the pyramid.
704. 1. Determine the total surface area of a regular
triangular pyramid if the side of its base is equal to a,
and the dihedral angle at the base to 60°.
2. The area of the lateral surface of a regular pyramid
amounts to 36 cm 2 and the area of the base to 9 cm 1 •
Determine the dihedral angle at the base.
705. How many iron sheets are required to cover a roof
which has the shape of a regular quadrangular pyramid
with the side of the base equal to 4.2 m and the pitch
6.5 m long? The size of the metal sheets is 140 cm X
X 70 cm. Add 10 per cent for joints and waste.
706. The area of the section of a regular quadrangular
pyramid passing through a slant height and the altitude
is equal to 9 um 2 • The lateral face of the pyramid is
inclinad to the base at an angle of 60°. Determine the
area of the lateral surface of the pyramid.
707. Determine the area of the lateral surface of a
regular hexagonal pyramid whose lateral edge is equal
to 15 cm, and the diameter of the circle inscribed in the
base to 18 V3 cm.
708. In a regular quadrangular pyramid the dihedral
angles at the lateral edges are equal to 120°. Prove that
the diagonal section of this pyramid is equal to its lateral
face.
709. In a regular triangular pyramid the side of the
base is equal to 20 cm, and the opposite lateral edge is
15 cm distant from it. Determine the area of the lateral
aurfaee of the ,pyramid.
104 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

710. In a regular quadrangular pyramid a cube is

inscribed so that four of its vertices lie on the lateral
edges of the pyramid. The altitude of the pyramid is
twice the length of the edge of the cube. Find the ratio
of the areas of the lateral surface of the pyramid and the
total surface of the cube.
711. The side of the base of a pyramid is a. One of the
lateral edges is perpendicular to the base and equal to
its side. Determine the area of the lateral surface of the
pyramid if its base is a: (a) regular triangle, (b) square,
(e) regular hexagon.
712. The base of a pyramid is a rectangle whose area
amounts to 100 dm 2 • Two lateral faces are perpendicular
to the base, a:n.d two· others are inclinad to it at anglas
of 30° and 60°. Find the total surface area of the pyramid.
713. The base of a pyramid is a rectangle whose diago-
nal is equal to m, and the angle between the diagonals
to 60°. The angle of inclination of the lateral edge to the
base is also equal to 60°. Determine the area of the late-
ral surface of the pyramid.
714. The base of a pyramid is a rhombus with the side
a and acute angle of 60°. The dihedral angles at the base
are also equal to 60°. Determine the total surface area
of the pyramid.
715. The base of a pyramid is a rhombus with the side
a and acute angle of 60°. Two adjacent lateral faces
containing an angle of 60° are perpendicular to the base
and two others are inclinad to it at an angle of 45°.
Determine the area of the lateral surface of the pyramid.
716. One of the lateral faces and the base of a pyramid
are equilateral triangles forming a right dihedral angle.
The area of the lateral surface of the pyramid is equal to
y3(1 + y5) m 11 • Determine the side of the base.
717. The base of a pyramid is a right-angled triangle
whose sidas are 15 cm and 20 cm; each lateral face is
inclinad to the base at an angle of 60°. Find the total
surface area of the pyramid.
718. The base of a pyramid is an isosceles ttapezium
whose parallel side.s are equal to 10 dm and 20 dm. The
CII. V. AREAS 01<' POLYHEDRONS ANO ROUND SOLIOS 105

lateral faces of the pyramid are inclinad to the base at

equal angles. The altitude of the pyramid is 10 dm.
Find the total surface area of the pyramid.
719. The base of a pyramid is a rhombus with an acute
angle of 60°. The altitude of the pyramid passes through
the vertex of the obtuse angle of the rhombus and is
equal to H. Two faces forro with the base angles of 45°.
Find the total surface area of the pyramid.
720. The sides of the base of a triangular pyramid are
equal to 26 cm, 28 cm and 30 cm. The lateral faces are
inclinad to the base at an angle of 60°. Find the total
surface area of the pyramid.
721. In a cube with the edge a the centre of one face
is joined to the vertices of the opposite face. Determine
the total surface area of the pyramid thus obtained.
722. The centre of the upper base of a cube with the
edge a is connected with the mid-points of the sides
of the lower base which are also joined to one another
in a consecutiva order. Compute the total surface area
of the pyramid thus constructed.
723. A regular triangular pyramid and a regular prism
have equal bases, altitudes and areas of lateral surfaces.
The side of their base is equal to a. Determine the alti-
tude.
724. The plane angles at the vertex of a pyramid are
equal to 60°, 60° and 90°. Each of the lateral edges is
equal to a. Determine the total surface area of the trian-
gular pyramid.
725. The base of a pyramid is a rhombus. The altitude
of the pyramid passes through the vertex of an acute
angle of the rhomhus. Determine the angles of inclina-
tion of the lateral faces to the base if the area of the
lateral surface of the pyramid is y3 times the area of its
base.
24. Areas of Truncated Pyramids
726. The sides of the bases of a regular truncated pyra-
mid are equal to 10 cm and 6 cm, and slant height to
1.5 cm. Compute the lateral and total surface areas of
tOO PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

the pyramid: (a) triangular, (b) quadrangular, (e) hexa-

gonal.
727 The sirles of the bases of a regular hexagonal trun-
o

cated pyramid are equal to 18 cm and 12 cm, and its

altitude to 13 cm. Find the area of the lateral surface
of the pyramid.
728o The sirles of the bases of a regular truncated pyra-
mid are a and b; its altitude is at"· Find the area of
the lateral surfacc of the pyramid: (a) triangular, (b)
quadrangular, (e) hexagonal.
729o The sides of the bases of a truncated pyramid are
equal to 16 cm and 12 cm. Through the mid-point of the
altitude a section is drawn parallel to the base. In what
ratio is the area of the latera-l surface divided by this
section?
730o The sides of the bases of a regular quadrangular
truncated pyramid are to each other as 1 : 5; tbe altitude
of the pyramid is eqnal to 21 cm, and the area of the
diagonal section to 630 cm 2 • Find the area of the lateral
surface of the pyramid.
731 o The sidos of the bases of a regular triangular trun-
catcd pyramid are equal to 6 dm and 4 dm. The lateral
faces are inclined to the greater base at an angle of 60°.
Determine the total surface area of this truncated pyramid.
732o In a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid the
si des of the bases are equal to 20 cm and 10 cm, the lateral
edge is inclined to the greater base at an angle of 45°.
Compute the total surface area of this truncated pyramid.
733o In a regular triangular tru.ncated pyramid the
sides of the bases are eqnal to 18 cm and 12 cm, the lateral
edges are inclined to the base at an angle of 45°. Find
the lateral surface area of the truncated pyramid.
731o The arcas of the bases of a regular hexagonal
truncated pyramid are equal to 60 cm 2 and 40 cm 2 , and
the lateral faces are inclined to the greater base at an
angle of 66°25' Find the area of the lateral surface of
o

tbe truncatAd pyramid.

CH. V. AREAS OP POLYBEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 107
-
735. In a truncated pyramid the similar sides of the
bases are to each other as 7 : 3. In what ratio is the area
of its lateral surface divided by a section which is paraJ-
lel to the base and divides the lateral edge in the ratio
of 1 to 2?
736. The area of the smaller base of a regular quadran-
gular truncated pyramid is equal to a 2 , and that of the
lateral surface to Q. The angle of inclination of the late-
ral face to the greater base is equal to 60°. Find the side
of the-greater base of the pyramid.
737. The areas of the greater base, lateral face and
smaller base of a regular quadrangular pyramid are as
25 : 16 : 9. Find the total surface area of this trunca-
ted pyramid if the area of its diagonal section equals
16 V30 em 2 •
738. The diagonals of a regular quadrangular truncated
pyramid and of the larger base form an angle of 60°
and are equal to 8 dm and 5 dm, respectively. Determine
the total surface area of the pyramid.
739. The lateral edge of a regular triangular truncated
pyramid is equal to 20 cm and inclinad to the larger base
at an angle of 30°. The side of the smaller base of the
pyramid is equal to 12 cm. Find the area of the lateral
surface of the pyramid.
740. In a regular triangular truncated pyramid the
area of the lateral surface is equal to 12 f601 cm 11 ,
and the altitude and lateral edge to 12 cm and 13 cm,
respectively. Find the sides of the bases.
741. In a regular hexagonal truncated pyramid the
altitude is equal to the side of the smaller base and amo-
unta to 6 dm. The lateral edge is inclinad to the greater
base atan angle of 45°. Find the area of the lateral sur-
faca of the pyramid.
742. Inside a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid
a non-truncated pyramid is constructed whose base is
the greater base of the given truncated pyramid, and
the vertex is the centre of the smaller base. The sides
of the bases are a and b. The areas of the lateralsurfaees
108 PROBLEMS IN UEOI\JETRY

are equal to each other. Determine the altitnde of the

pyramids. ·
743. The bases of a truncated pyramid are right-anglcd
isosceles triangles whose hypotenuses are equal to 4 y' 2 dm
and 6 V 2 dm. The lateral edge joining the vertices of
the right anglas of the bases, is perpendicular to the
base and equal to 4 dm. Find the area of the lateral
surface of the pyramid.
744. The bases of a truncated pyramid are rholllbuses
with the respective sides a and b and angle of 60°. -The
altitude of the pyramid passes through the points of
intersection of the diagonals of the rhombuses and equals
!
to (a - b). Find the area of the lateral surface of the
pyramid.
745. In a triangular truncated pyramid ABCA 1B 1 C 1
the lateral face AA 1C1 C is an isosceles trapezium perpen-
dicular to the bases. Compute the area of the total sur-
faca of the pyramid if A C = 80 cm, AB = BC = 50 cm,
A 1 C 1 = 40 cm and the altitude H = 16 cm.
746. In a triangular truncated pyramid ABCA 1B 1 C1
the bases are right-angled triangles. The lateral edge
AA 1 is perpendicular to the bases and equals 7 cm.
The sides AC and BC containing the right angle are
respectively equal to 48 cm and 14 cm, thc hypotenuse
A 1 C 1 = 25 cm. Compute the area of the total surface
of the truncated pyramid.
747. The. sides of the bases of a regular quadrangular
truncated pyramid are equal to 25 cm and 15 cm. A sec-
tion passing through a side of the lower base and an oppo-
site side of the upper base is perpendicular to the lateral
face. Determine the area of this section if the area of the
total surface of the truncated pyramid amounts to
2050 cm 11 •
25. Areas of Cylinders
748. How much varnish is it required to paint the
externa! surface of a cylindrical tube 2 m long, whose
outer diameter is equal to 50 cm, if the varnish consump-
tion is 200 grams per square metre of the surface?
CH. V. AREAS OF POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 109

749. Determine the total surface area of a grindstone

whose diameter is equal to 50 cm and thickness to 15 cm
if it has a square hole at the centre 8 cm X 8 cm in size.
750. How much varnish is it required to paint 100 cy-
lindrical buckets both from outside and inside if the
diameter of the bottom is equal to 24 cm, the height
of the bucket to 32 cm and the varnish consumption to
160 grams per square metre?
751. Determine the total surface area of a cylindrical
tube 1.48 m long if its outer diameter is equal to 0.94 m
and wall thickness to 0.06 m.
752. Two fire tubes 0.4 m in diameter each pass through
a steam boiler. How much iron is it required to. make
such a boiler which is 4 m long and has an outer diame-
ter of 1.4 m?
753. 1. Find the area of the lateral surface of an equi-
lateral cylinder whose generator is equal to l.
2. How many times is the area of the lateral surface of
an equilateral cylinder greater than the area of its base?
754. 1. The area of an axial section of a cylinder is
equal to Q. Find the area of its lateral surface.
2. The diagonal of an axial section of a cylinder is
equal to l and inclined to the base at an angle of 60°.
Find the area of the lateral surface of the cylinder.
755. 1. (Orally.) How will tlie area of the lateral sur-
faca of a cylinder change if: (a) its altitude is increased
five times and the diameter of the base circle remains
unchanged; (b) the diameter of the base circle is decreased
half the length without changing the altitude; (e) the
altitude is increased three times and the diameter of
the base circle four times; (d) the altitude is increased
six times and the diameter of the base circle is decreased
to one third?
2. Two cylindrical supports are to be painted. Which
of the supports will take more paint if one of them is
half the length and twice the thickness of the other?
756. The area of the lateral surface of a cylinder is
equal to the are.a of a circle whose diameter is an element
Ho PROBLEMS IN GEOI!riETRY

of the cylinder. Find the relationship between the alti-

tude and the radius of the base circle of the cylinder.
757. The area of the lateral surface of the cylinder is
equal to the area of the circle circumscribed about the
axial section. Find the ratio of the altitude of the cylin-
der and the radius of the base circle.
758 •. The edge of a cube is equal to the radius of a cy-
linder, and the surface area of the cube is equal to the
area of the lateral surface of the cylinder. Determine
the altitude of the cylinder.
759. Find the ratio of the areas of the lateral surfaces
of an equilateral cylinder and (a) a rectangular parallele-
piped (with a square base) inscribed in it; (b) a cube
circumscribed about it.
700. A rectangle with the sides equal toa and b rotates
first about the side a, and tben about b. Find: (a) the
ratio of the areas of the lateral surfaces of the solids
of revolution thus obtained; (b) the ratio of the total
surface are as of these solids.
761. The radius of the base circle of a cylinder is equal
to R, the altitude to H. Two axial sections form a dihed-
ral angle of 30°. Find the portion of the surface area
subtended by this dihedral angle.
762. The area of a sectidn of a cylinder which is drawn
parallel to its axis and cuts off the base circle an are of
120° is equal to Q. Determine the area of the lateral sur-
faca of the cylinder.
763. The development of the lateral surface of a cylin-
der is a rectangle whose diagonal is equal to d and incli-
nad to the base of the rectangle at an angle of 30°. Find
the area of the total surface of the cylinder.
764. A cylinder is cut by a plane which is parallel
to its axis and cuts off the base circle an are of 120°.
Determine the area of the total surface of the greater
portion of the cylinder if R = 10 cm and H = 15 cm.
765. The total surface area of an equilateral cylinder
is equal to 9.6 m 2 • Determine the area of its l·ateral
sudace.
CH. Vo AREAS OF POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 1H

766. Determine the area of the total surface of a cy-

linder if the area of its base is equal to 490n cm 8 , and
the area of the axial section to 400 cm 2 •
767. A line segment joining the end-points of perpendi-
cular diameters of the base circles of a cylinder is equal
to 10 cm and is 4 cm distant from the axis of the cylinder.
Find the area of the total surface of the cylinder.
768. The area of the section of a cylinder drawn through
the diagonal of the axial section and perpendicular to
the latter is equal to 24n cm 2 • Determine the area of the
total surface of the cylinder if the cutting plane is incli-
nad to the base at an angle of 60°.
769. Through a po~nt on the circle of the upper base
of a cylinder a section is drawn at an angle of 45° to
the base. Find the curvad areas of the portions thus
obtained if the radius of the base circle is equal to 10 cm,
and the altitude to 50 cm.
770. Points M and N divide the axis of a cylinder in
the ratio of 1 : 2 : 3. Through these points planes are
drawn which are not parallel to the cylinder bases and
do not intersect them. The area of the lateral surface of
the cylinder is equal to Q. In what portions is the area
of the lateral surface divided by the cutting planes?
771. At an angle of 60° to the base of a cylinder a plane
is drawn which does not intersect its base. Find the
area of this section if the lateral area of the cylinder is
equal to Q, and the altitude to H.
772. Find the area of a section of a cylinder which is
inclined to the base at an angle of 60° and cuts from one
of the base circles an are of 90° if the area of the lateral
surface of the cylinder is equal to Q, and the altitude
to H. (Consider two cases.)

26. Areas of Cones

773. 1. The radius of the base ch·cle of a cone is equal
to R, and the altitude to H. Find the area of the lateral
surface of the cone.
2. The altitude of a cone is equal to 11, the generator
to l. Find the area of the total surface of the cone.
112 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

774. Determine the area of the total surface of a solid

obtained by revolving a right-angled triangle about the
greater side if its hypotenuse is equal to 12 cm anu one
of the sides containing the right angle to 4 "V5 cm.
775. 1. How will the lateral surface area of a cone
changa if: (a) the rauius of the base circle is increased
two times; (b) the generator is reduced to one third?
2. How will the lateral surface area of a cone changa
if thc radius of the base circle is reduced to one third
and the generator is increased four times?
776. Prove that the area of the lateral surface of a cone
is equal to that of a cylinder whose base is the base of the
cone, and the altitude is equal to half the length of the
generator of the cone.
777. 1. The area of the lateral surface of a cone is twice
the area of its base. Prove that the cone is an equilateral
one.
2. The area of the lateral surface of an equilateral cone
is equal to Q. Find the altitude of the cone.
778. The area of the base of a cone S~ 28.26 dm2 •
The altitude of the cone is equal to 3 dm. Find the angle
of inclination of the generator to the base and the area
of the lateral surface of the cone.
779. 1. A cone and a cylinder have equal bases, alti-
tudes and areas of the lateral surfaces. Find the maximum
angle between the elements of the cone.
2. An equilateral cylinder and a cone have equal
areas of the lateral surfaces. Find the ratio of their
total surface areas.
780. A cone and a cylinder have a common base, and
the vertex of the cone is found at the centre of the other
base of the cylinder. The area of the lateral surface of
the cylinuer is equal to that of the cone. Find the anglas
between the elements of the con e and those of the cylinder.
781. An oil container has the form of a eylinder with
a cone at the top. The radius of the base circle of the
container is equal to 6 m, the altitude of the cylinder
tu 5 m, and the generator of the cone to 7.5 m. Determine
the surface area of the container.
CH. V. AREAS OF POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 113

782. How much will the painting of a conical spire

of a tower cost if the length of the circumference of its
base circle is equal to 18.84 m, and the angle between
the elements of the axial section to 23°4'. The painting
of 1 m 2 costs 15 kopecks.
783. The angle at the vertex of an axial section of
a cone is a right one. The perimeter of the axial section
is equal to p. Find the area of the total surface of the
cone.
784. 1. A right-angled triangle rotates about the hypo-
tenuse. Find the surface area of the solid of revolution
if the sides containing the right angle are equal to 10 cm
and 24 cm.
2. A triangle with the sides 26 cm, 28 cm and 30 cm
long rotates about the medium side. Compute the surface
area of the solid of revolution thus obtained.
785. A right-angled triangle with the hypotenuse equal
to 2a and acute angle of 30° rotates about an axis passing
through the vertex of the right angle and parallel to the
hypotenuse. Find the surface area of the solid thus obtai-
ned.
786. A regular hexagon with the side a rotates about
the greater diagonal. Determine the surface area of the
solid of revolution thus generated.
787. Through the vertex of a cone and at an angle of
30° to the base a plane is drawn cutting off the base
circle an are of 60°. Find the area of the lateral surface
of the cone if the distance between the cutting plane
and the centre of the ba:se circle of the cone is equal to a.
788. The section of a cone by a plane passing through
its vertex and cutting off one fourth from the base circle
is an equilateral triangle whose area is Q. Find the total
surface area of the cone.
789. 1. The angle of the development of the lateral
surface of a cone is equal to 120°, its generator to 30 cm.
Compute the diameter of the base circle of the cone.
2. The radius of the base circle of a con e is equal to R,
and its generator to l. Find the angle of the development
of the lateral surface of the cone.
114 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

790. Draw the development of the surface of a cone

if the radius of the base circle is equal to 4 cm, and the
generator is three times its length. Determine the area
of the total surface of the cone, the arca of its axial
section and the maximum angle between the elements.
791. 1. Given a circular sector of 90° whose radius is
equal to 18 cm. Find the total surface area of a cone
whose lateral surface is made up of this sector.
2. The lateral surface of a cone is made up of a quarter
of a circle. Determine the total surface area of this cone
if the lateral surface area is equal to Q.
792. 1. The altitude of a cone is equal to 8 cm, the
radius of the base circle to 6 cm. The lateral surface of
the cone is developed on a plane. Find the angle of the
obtained sector.
2. Compute the angle of the development of the lateral
surface of a cone: (a) if the maximum angle between the
elements is a right one; (b) if the generator is inclinad
to the base at an angle of 60°.
793. 1. A conic surface is made up of a semicircle.
Find the angle between the elements of the axial section
.ef the cone.
2. The lateral surface area of a cone equals 20 cm 2
and is developed into a sector with an angle of 72°.
Determine the total surface area of the cone.
794. The generator is inclinad to the base .at an angla
of 45°. Inscribed in the cone is an equilateral cylinder
whose altitude is a. Find the area of the lateral surface
of the cone.
795. An equilateral cylinder is inscribed in an equila-
teral cone. Find the ratio of the areas of the lateral
surfaces of the cone and cylinder.
796. A regular pyramid with. the side of the base a is
inscribed in an equilateral cone. Find the area of the
lateral surface of the cone if the pyramid is: (a) triangu-
lar, (b) quadrangular, (e) hexagonal.
797. Find the ratio of the radius of the base circle
to the generator of the cone if its lateral surface is the
CH. V. AREAS OP POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS H5

mean proportional to the area of the base circle and the

total surface area of the cone.
· 798. The area of the lateral surface is the mean propor-
tional to the area of the base circle of a cone and the
area of its total surface if: (a) the area of the lateral
surface of the cone is equal to the area of a circle whose
radius is equal to the altitude of the cone, (b) the area
of-the total surface is equal to the area of a circle whose
radius is the generator of the cone. Prove this.
799. The radius of the base circle is equal to R, and
the altitude of the cone to H. A cylinder with the maxi-
mum area of the lateral surface is inscribed in the cone.
Find the area of the lateral surface of the cylinder.

27. Areas of Truncated Cones

800. 1. The radii of the base circles of a truncated cone
are equal to 4 cm and 20 cm, the altitude to 30 cm. Find
the area of the lateral surface of the truncated cone.
2. The radius of the smaller base circle of a truncated
cone is equal to 8 cm, the altitude to 6 cm. The generator
is inclined to the base at an angle of 45°. Find the area
of the lateral surface of the truncated cone.
801. The area of the lateral surface of a truncated cone
is equal to 128n cm 2, the generator to 8 cm. Find the
radii of the base circles if they are to each other as 2 to 5.
802. A vent pipe has to be fitted with a hood having
the shape of a truncated cone whose altitude is equal
to 60 cm, and the diameters of the base circles to 2 m
and 40 cm. How much sheet iron (in square metras) is
it required to construct the hood if 5 per cent of the
material is provided for the seams?
803. How much varnish is it required for the outside
and inside painting of 500 buckets having the form of
a truncated cone if the diameters of its base circles are
equal to 25 cm and 30 cm, the altitude to 40 cm, and the
varnish consumption to 160 grams per square metre?
804. Tha generator of a truncated cone is equal to l
and inclined to the base at an angle of 60°. Determine
116 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

the area of the total surface of this truncated cone if the

ratio of the areas of its base circles is equal to 9.
805. The generator l of a truncated cone is perpendicu-
lar to the diagonal of the axial section passing through it.
The generator is inclinad to the base at an angle of 60°.
Determine the area of the lateral surface of the cone.
806. The generator of a truncated cone is inclinad to
the lower base at an angle of 60° and perpendicular to
a straight line joining its upper end-point to the lower
end-point of the opposite element. Determine the area:
of the total surface of the truncated cone if the radius
of its greater base circle is equal to R cm.
807. In a truncated cone the radii of the base circles
are equal to 8 cm and 20 cm, and the altitude to 16 cm.
Find the radius of the base circle of a cylinder having
the same altitude whose total surface area is equal to
that of the truncated cone.
808. The radii of the base circles of a truncated cone
are equal to 15 cm and 30 cm, and the altitude to 20 cm.
Find the dimensions of an equilateral cone whose total
surface area is equal to the lateral surface area of the
given truncated cone.
809. The are as of the base circles of a truncated con e
are equal to 1QOn cm 111 and 256n cm 111 , and the area of the
axial section to 208 cm 111 • Find the area of the lateral
surface of this truncated cone.
810. The radius of the smaller base circle of a truncated
cone is equal to 6 cm, the area of the lateral surface to
90n cm 111 , the difference of the radii of the base circles
to half the length of the generator. Find the radius of
the greater base circle.
811. In a truncated cone the radii of the base circles
are equal to 6 cm and 10 cm, and the generator to 5 cm.
Removed from this cone is another truncated cone whose
greater base circle is the smaller base circle of the given
cone, and the generator is equal to 5 cm. Determine the
area of the total surface of the obtained solid with a
through hole.
CH. V. AREAS OF POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIOS 117

812. A circle can he inscrihed in the axial section of

a truncated cone. Prove that the area of the lateral
surface of the cone is equal to the area of a circle whose
radius is equal to the generator of the cone.
813. A section of a truncated cone by a plane passing
through two elements has an acute angle of 60°, cuts
off from the hase circles ares equal to 90°, and has an
area of 150 cm 2 • Find the area of the lateral surface of
this truncated cone. ·
814. An equilateral triangle with the side a rotates
about an axis parallel to one of its sides and at a distance
a from it. Find the surface area of the solid thus ohtained.
815. A regular hexagon with the side a rotates ahout
one of its sides. Find the surface area of the solid thus
generated.
816. A rhomhus with the side a and acute angle of
60° revolves ahout an axis passing through the vertex
of the acute angle of the rhombus perpendicular to its
diagonal. Find the surface area of the solid ofrevolution.
817. In an isosceles trapezium the bases are equal to
15 cm and 9 cm, and the lateral side to 5 cm. The trape-
zium revolves about an axis passing through the end-point
of the greater base and perpendicular to it. Compute
the total surface area of the solid thus generated.
818. The radii of the hase circles of a truncated cone
are equal to 12 cm and· 6 cm, and the area of its greater
hase circle is the mean proportional between the arcas
of the lateral surface and the smaller base. Find the
area of the axial section of this cone.
 CHAPTER VI
VOLUMES OF POLYHEDRONS
AND ROUND SOLIDS

28. Volumes of Parallelepipeds

819. Orally. 1. Compute the volume of a cube if its
edge is equal to: 10 cm, 2.5 dm, 0.6 cm.-
2. Compute the volume of a cube if its surface area
is equal to: 54 cm 1 , 150 dm 2 , 300 cm 11 •
3. Compute the volume of a cube if its diagonal is
equal to: 8 cm, 27 mm, d.
4. Compute the volume of a cube if the area of its dia-
gonal section is equal to: 10 cm 2 , 42 m 11 , S dm 2 •
820. A hollow iron cube has an edge l = 20 cm, the
walls being 5 cm thick. One face-of the cube is provided
with a square hole as big as 16 cm 2 • Find the mass of
the cube if tbe density of iron is 7.86 ·10 3 kg/m 3 •
821. How will the volume of a cube change if: (1) its
edge is increased five times, (2) its diagonal is reduced
to one third, (3) its surface area · is increased twice?
822. 1. The edge of a cube is increased by 1 cm resulting
in an increase of its volume by 37 cm 3 • Find the original
volume of the cube.
2. The volume of a cube is numerically equal to the
area of its face multiplied by 4. Find the volume of the
cube.
823. The surface area (in square units) and volume of
a cube (in cubic units) are expressed by one and the
same number. Find tbe edge of such a cub~
 CH. VI. VOLUMES OF POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS H9

824. f. Three lead cubes with edges of 6 cm, 8 cm and

10 cm are melted into one- cube. What is the length of
the edge of the obtained cube?
2. A lead cube whose edge is 20 cm long is melted into
three cubes whose edges are in the same proportion as
3 : 4 : 5. Find the volumes of the cubes thus obtained.
825. 1. The overall dimensions of a rectangular para~­
lelepiped are 1 cm, 5 cm and 10 cm. Find its volume.
2. The edges .of a rectangular parallelepiped are in the
same proportion as 2 : 3 : 6, the diagonal being equal
to 14 cm. Find the volume of the parallelepiped.
826. The diagonal of the base of a rectangular paralle-
lepiped is equal to 6 dm and forros an angle of 30° with
the larger side of the base. Find the altitude of the paral-
lelepiped if its volume is equal to 54 dm 8 •
827. 1. The areas of the three faces of a rectangular
parallelepiped are equal to 20 cm•, 28 cm• and 35 cm•.
Find the volume of the parallelepiped.
2. Given the areas of the faces S 1 , S 1 and S 3 , find the
volume of a rectangular parallelepiped.
3. The areas of the three faces of a rectangular paralle-
lepiped are in the proportion 3 : 6 : 10. The volu:q¡e of
the parallelepiped is equal to 150 cm 8 • Find the dimen-
sions of the parallelepiped.
828. How many trips must a 3-ton dumper carry out
to transport 10,000 bricks to a construction site, if the
dimensions of a brick are: 2.5 dm X f.2 dm X 0.65' dm,
its density being 1.8 ·10 3 !~?
829. 1. A stack of deals (pine boards) 8 m X 8 m X 4 m
in size is loaded on a barge. What is the weight of this
load (in tons) if the density of pin!3 is 0.5-10 3 ~?
2. A timber beam having the form of a rectangular
parallelepiped (5 dm X 30 dm X 2 dm) is lowered into
water and a load is placed on it such that the beam tums
out to be submerged 0.9 its volume. Determine the mass
of the load if the density of wood is equal to 0.84-10 3 ~.
120 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

830. A raft is made up of 16 timbers of a rectangular

cross section each having the size 3.6 m X 0.2 m X
X 0.25 m. What weight can be transportad by this raft
if for the sake of security it is loaded only 80 per cent
of the maximum load? The density of wood is O. 7 ·10 3 ~; •
831. A ditch 1.6 m deep is to be dug along the contour
shown in Fig. 25. How long will it take two navvies to
complete this job if each of them is able to dig out 0.62
cubic metre per hour?
Sm

3m
3m

1 Fig. 25

832. A tank having the forro of a rectangular parallele-

piped with the base 3.2 m X 1.2 m contains 900,000 kg of
water. How much galvanized iron (in m 2) was spent
to make the tank, provided the seams took 5 per cent
of the material?
833. A tank having the forro of a rectangular parallele-
piped with a square base and brim-filled with water is
placed on an edge so that the bottom of the tank forros
an angle of 30° with the horizontal plane. How much
water (in per cent) ran out of the tank if its altitude is
twice the length of the side of the base?
834. 1. Find the surface area of a cube which is equal
to a rectangular parallelepiped whose dimensions are
4 dm X 6 dm X 9 dm.
2. A cube and a rectangular parallelepiped have equal
surface areas. The dimensions of the parallelepiped are
as 1 = 6 : 6, its volume being equal to 562.5 dm 3 • Find
the volume of the cube.
835. Given a cube with the edge 12 cm long anda right
parallelepiped equal to the cube. The acute angle of
the base of the parallelepiped is equal to 30°, and its
edges are as 12 : 9 : 4. Determine the area of the total
surface of the parallelepiped.
CH. VI. VOLUMES 011' POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 121

336. Prove geometrically the following formulas:

(f) (a + b) 3 = as+ +
3a 2 b + 3ab 2 bs,
(2) (a- b)s = as- 3a 2 b + 3ab 111 - bs.
837. The diagonal of the base of a rectangular parallele-
piped is equal to f6 cm. The greater side of the base
subtends an are of the circumscribed circle containing
f20°. The lateral surface of the parallelepiped is equal
to 24 cm 111 • Find the volume of the parallelepiped.
838. The altitude of a rectangular parallelepiped with
a square base is equal to 40 cm, and its total surface area
to 2208 cm 111 • Determine the volume of the parallelepiped.
839. In a rectangular parallelepiped ABCDA 1B 1C1D 1
the sides of the base are equal to 8 cm and 6 cm, and the
area of the section A CD 1 to 48 cm 11 • Determine the volu-
me of the parallelepiped.
840. Determine the volume of a right parallelepiped
whose edges are equal to 4 m each, and the angle oí the
base to 60°.
84f. The base of a right parallelepiped is a rhombus
with the side a and an angle of 60°. The area of the late-
ral surface of the parallelepiped is equal to 8a 2 • Find
the volume of the parallelepiped.
842. The base of a right parallelepiped is a parallelo-
gram whose sides are equal to a and 4a, and the acute
angle a = 60°. The greater diagonal of the parallele-
piped is equal to 5a. Determine its volume.
843. The base of a right parallelepiped is a parallelo-
gram whose greater side is equal to 25 cm, and the smal-
ler diagonal serves as the altitude of the parallelogram
and is equal to f5 cm. The smaller diagonal of the paral-
lelepiped is inclinad to the base at an angle of 45°. Find
the volume of the parallelepiped.
844. The base of a right parallelepiped is a rhombus
with the side a. The section of the parallelepiped passing
through two opposite sides of the bases has an area equal
to Q and is inclined to the base at an angle of 45°. Find
the volume of the parallelepiped.
845. A section is drawn through the side of the lower
baae of a right parallelepiped equal to f2 cm and the
122 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

opposite side of the upper base at an angle of 6Q 0 to the

base. The area of the section is equal to 192 cms. Find
the volume of the parallelepiped.
846. The diagonal of the base of a right parallelepiped
is equal to d. Through this diagonal and the end-point
of the lateral edge which does not intersect this diagonal
a section is drawn at an angle of 30° to the base. The
area of the section is equal to Q. Find the volume of the
parallelepiped.
847. A rectangular parallelepiped whose dimensions
are 10 dm, 6 dm and 8 dm is deformed so that two of its
lateral faces turned out to be parallelograms with an
acute angle of 30°. How is its volume changed?
848. An oblique parallelepiped has a rectangular base
with the sides equal to 7 cm and 24 cm. One of the diago-
nal sections is a parallelogram whose plane is perpendi-
cular to the base of the parallelepiped and the area is
equal to 250 cm 11 • Find the v~lume of the parallelepiped.
849. The base of a parallelepiped is a rhombus with
the side a and an acute angle of 60°. The vertex of the
obtuse angle of the upper base is projected in the centre
of the lower base. The lateral edge is inclined to the
base at an angle of 60°. Find the volume of the parallele-
piped. -
850. In an oblique parallelepiped two lateral faces
have areas of 8 1 and 8 2 and form an angle of 150°. Find
the volume of the parallelepiped if its lateral edge is
equal to l and inclinad to the base at an angle of 60°.

29. Volumes of Prisms

851 . The side of the base of a regular prism is equal
to a, the lateral edge to b. Find the volume if the prism
is:· (a) triangular; (b) quadrangular; (e) hexagonal.
852. A steel pipe whose cross section is a regular hexa-
gon with the side equal to 5 cm has a longitudinal hole
of 3 cm X 3 cm. Determine the weight of one linear metre
of the pipe. The density of steel is 7.86·103 ~;.
CH. VI. VOLUMES OF POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIOS 123

853. A field having the shape of a triangle with the

sides of 222 m, 156 m and 90 m is to be fertilizad. To
this end it has to be covered with a peat layer 0.6 cm
thick. How much peat (in tons) is it required for this
purpose? The density · of peat is equal to 0.4·10 3 ~~.
854. Determine the capacity of a shed whose dimen-
siona are: a = 25 m, b = 10 m, e = 4 m (Fig. 26).

Fig. 26

855. In a regular triangular prism the perpendicular

dropped from a vertex of the base to the opposite side
of the other base is equal to a and inclinad· to the base
at an angle of 60°. Determine the volume of the prism.
856. The volume of a regular triangular prism is equal
to 90 cm 3 , and the radius of the incircle to 3 cm. Find-the
altitude of the prism.
857. In a regular triangular prism a plane is drawn
through a side of the lower base and the opposite vertex
of the upper base at an angle of 45° to the base. The
area of the section is equal to Q. Determine the volume
of the prism.
858. The greatest diagonal of a regular hexagonal prism
is equal to l and inclined to the lateral face of the prism
at an angle of 30°. Find the volume of the prism.
859. The lateral fa ce of a regular hexagonal prism is
a square whose diagonal is equal to d. Find the edge of
a cube which is equal to the given prism.
860. When digging a foundation pit having the shape
of a regular octagonal prism with the side of the base
6 m long the earth excavated amounted to 600 tons.
124 PROBLEMS IN GEOME'l'RY

Determine the depth of the pit if the density of earth

is equal to 1.8-10 3 ~.
861. Through two opposite vertices of the base of
a regular hexagonal prism a plano is drawn which cuts
equal segments from four lateral edges of the prism.
The section area is equal to 27 V3 dm 2 , and the cutting
plane is inclinad to the base at an angle of 45°. Find the
volume of the prism.
862. Compute the mass of a metal hollow bar whose
cross section and dimensions (in millimetres) are given
in Fig. 27. The bar is 1.5 m long, the density of the metal
being equal to 7.8-10 3 ~ •

Fig. 27

863. The cross section of an irrigation canal has the

shape of an isosceles trapezium whose bases are equal
to 3 m and 2.5 m. The depth of the canal is equal to 1 m,
the depth of the water flow in the canal to 0.7 m, the
rate of flow to 2 ~ . Find the amount of water passing
through the cross section of the canal during 24 hours.
864. A lead bar, whose mass is equal to 18 kg, has
the shape of a right prism 30 cm high. The base of the
prism is an isosceles trapezium, the parallel sides of
which are equal to 3.5 cm and 11.5 cm and the lateral
side to 8.5 cm. Find out whether the bar is solid or it
has blow holes (in the latter case determine their volume).
The density of lead is equal to 11.3 ·10 3 ~~ •
CH. VI. VOLUMES OF POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIOS 125

865. The cross section of a concrete slab has the shape

of a right-angled trapezium, whose parallel sides are
equal to 15 cm and 10 cm, and the altitude to 25 cm.
The slab is 3 m long. How many slabs can a 5-ton lorry
carry at a time? The density of concrete is equal to
2.6·10 3 ~o
866. The base of a right prism is a right-angled triangle
whose sides are equal to 20 cm and 21 cm. The greater
lateral face of the prism is a square. Determine the volu-
me of the prism.
867. The base of a right prism is a triangle whose sides
are 6 cm, 25 cm and 29 cm long. Through the mid-points
of two greater sides of the base a section is drawn parallel
to the lateral face. The area of the seétion is equal to
24 cm 2 • Find the volume of the prism.
868. The base of a right prism is a trapezium ABCD.
The diagonal B 1D of the prism forms with the diagonal
BD of the base an angle of 45°. Find the volume of the
prism if: (a) the parallel sides AD = 25 cm and BC =
= 16 cm and non-parallel sides AB = 8 cm and CD =
= 10 cm; (b) parallel sides AD = 34 cm and BC =
= 22 cm, and non-parallel sides AB = 17 cm and CD =
= 25 cm.
869. In an equilateral cylinder whose altitude is equal
to 4 dm a triangular prism is inscribed. The sides of the
base of the prism divide the base circle of the cylinder
in the proportion 3 : 4 : 5. Find the volume of the prism.
870. The base of a right prism is a trapezium. The areas
of its lateral faces are as 1 : 1 : 1 : 2. The volume of the
prism is equal to 12 V3 dm 3 , and its altitude to the
greater side of the base. Find the sides of the base.
871. Given a cube with the edge of 15 cm and an equal
triangular prism in which the sides of the base and the
altitude are as 87 : 75 : 18 : 50. Determine the area of
the total surface of the prism.
872. Through one edge of a cube a section is drawn
dividing another edge in the ratio of 3 to 5. In what
ratio is the volume of the cube divided by this section?
i2G PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

873. The areas of the faces of a right prism are equal

to 300 cm 2 , 240 cm 2 , 180 cm 2 , 96 cm 2 , 96 cm 2 • Find
its volume.
874. The base of a right prism is a right-angled triangle
whose sides are equal to 32 cm and 24 cm. The radius of
the sphere circumscribed about this prism is equal to
25 cm. Determine the volume of the prism.
875. Given a right prism ABCDA 1B 1 C1D1 whose base
is an isosceles trapezium (AB = CD) in which a circle
of radius r can be inscribed. The area of the face CDD 1 C1
is equal to Q cm 2 • Determine the lateral surface area
and the volume of the prism.
876. Compute the surface area and volume of a right
prism whose base is a regular triangle inscribed in a circle
of radius r = 4 dm, and the altitude is equal to the side
of a regular hexagon circumscribed about the same
circle.
877. Prove that the volume of an oblique prism is equal
to the product of the area of the section perpendicular
to the lateral edges by the length of the lateral edge.
878. The distances between the lateral edges of an
oblique prism aJ,"e equal to 6 dm, 25 dm and 29 dm, and
the lateral edge to 10 dm. Find the volume of the prism.
879. The sides of the base of an oblique prism are equal
to 18 cm, 20 cm and 34 cm. The lateral edge 12 cm long
is inclinad to the base atan angle of 30°. Find the volume
of the prism.
880. The base of a prism is a regular triangle with the
side a. Two lateral faces of the prism are rhombuses
with an angle of 60°. Find the volume of the prism.
881. The base of an oblique prism is a regular hexagon
ABCDEF whose side is a. The lateral edges are inclinad
to the base at an angle of 60°. The edge AA 1 is projecteil
on the plane of the base as the segment AM where M
is the mid-point of the diagonal BF of the base. Find
the volume of the prism.
882. The base of an oblique priSJil. is a trapezium whose
l>ases are 6 dm and 10 dm long. One of the lateral sides
of the trapezium is perpendicular to the base, the other
CH. VI. VOLUMES OP POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 127

being inclined to it at an angle of 45°. The diagonal of

the lateral face of the prism corresponding to the smaller
lateral side of the base is perpendicular to the base of
the prism and forms with the lateral edge an angle of 30°.
Find the volume of the prism.
883. In an oblique triangular prism the area of one of
the lateral faces is equal to Q and the distan~e between
this face and the opposite edge is equal to d. Find the
volume of the prism.
884. In an oblique hexagonal prism two opposite lateral
faces are perpendictrlar to the base and represent rhom-
buses whose diagonals are equal to 6 cm and 8 cm; the
base of the prism is a regular hexagon. Find the volume
of the prism.
885. The base of an oblique prism is a quadrangle
ABCD whose diagonals are mutually perpendicular. The
diagonal section AA 1 C1 C is perpendicular to the base;
BD = 32 dm, the section area AA 1C1C = 1000 dm 2 •
Determine the volume of the prism.
886. In a prism ABCDA 1B 1C1D 1 the diagonals of the
base AC and BD are perpendicular to each other, BD =
= 6 dm. The diagonals of the prism BD 1 = DB 1 = 10 dm.
The section BDD 1B 1 is inclined to the base at an angle
of 60°. The diagonal A 1C of the prism is equal to 2 f21 dm.
Determine the volume of the prism.

30. Volumes of Pyramids

887. Fing the volume of a regular triangular, quadran-
gular and hexagonal pyramids if: (1) the side of the base
is equal to a, tbe lateral edge to b; (2) the altitude is
equal to h, the lateral edge to b; (3) the side of the base
is equal to a, the slant height to l.
888. 1. In a regular pyramid the side of the base is
equal to a, the lateral face is inclined to the base at an
angle of 60°. Compute the volume of the pyramid: (a)
triangular, (b) quadrangular, (e) hexagonal.
2. In a regular pyramid the side of the base is equal
to a, the lateral edge is inclined to the base at an angle
128 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

of 30°. Compute the volume of the pyramid: (a) triangu-

lar, (b) quadrangular, (e) hexagonal.
889. Orally. 1. How will the volume of a pyramid
change if the altitude and the side of the base are increa-
sed two times, five times, n times?
2. The altitude of a pyramid is reduced to one fourth
its length, and the sides of the base are doubled. How
will the volume of the pyramid change?
890. In· a regular triangular pyramid the lateral edge
is twice as long as the altitude. The side of the base is
equal to a. Find the volume of the pyramid.
891. The side of the base of a regular triangular pyramid
is equal to 2 dm, and a perpendicular dropped from a ver-
tex of the base to the opposite face bisects the slant
height. Determine the volume of the pyramid.
892. The centre of the upper base of a regular prism
and the mid-points of the sides of the lower base are the
vertices of a pyramid. B_y how many times is the volume
of the prism greater than that of the pyramid? Consider
a triangular, quadrangular and hexagonal prisms.
893. Drawn from the vertex A of a cube are diagonals
of the faces containing the point A. The end-points B,
C and D of the diagonals are joined to one another.
Find the volume of the tetrahedron ABCD if the edge
of the cube is equal to a.
894. Find the volume of a regular quadrangular pyra-
mid if: (1) the section of the pyramid passing through
the altitude and lateral edge is au equilateral triangle
with the side a; (2) the lateral face is a regular triangle
with the side a.
895. The side of the base of a regular quadrangular
pyramid is equal to a; dihedral angles at the lateral edges
contain 120° each. Find the volume of the pyramid.
896. Given a regular quadraugular pyramid. The area
of the section passing through a diagonal of the base
and perpendicular to a lateral edge is equal to S. The
plaue of the section is inclined to the base at an angle
of 60°, Find the \!.olume of the pyramid.
CH. VI. VOLUMES OF POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 129

897. In a regular quadrangular pyramid a cube is in-

scribed so that four of its vertices are found on the late-
ral edges of tlie pyramid and hisect them. Find tbe volu-
me of the pyramid if the volume of the cube is equal to
27 dm 3 •
898. 1. A sphere is inscribed in a regular quadrangular
pyramid whose altitude is equal to 96 cm. Determine the
volume of the pyramid if the radius of the sphere is
21 cm long.
2. A sphere is circumscribed about a regular quadran-
gular pyramid whose altitude is 32 cm high. Determine
the volume of the pyramid if the radius of the sphere is
equal to 25 cm.
899. The lateral face of a regular hexagonal pyramid
is inclined to the base at an angle oí 60° and has the area
of Q cm 2 • Find the volume of the pyramid.
900. Find the volume of a regular hexagonal. pyramid
in which the section passing through the smaller diago-
nal of the base and the vertex of the pyramid is inclined
to the base at an angle of 60° and has an area oí Q cm 2 •
901. The volume of a regular hexagonal pyramid is
equal to 45 va dm 3 and the area of the section passing
through the greater diagonal of the base and the altitude
of the pyramid to 15 dm 2 • Find the lateral edge of the
pyramid.
902. The side of the base of a regular triangular pyramid
is equal to a, and the altitude drawn from a vertex of
the base to the opposite lateral face to b. Determine
the volume of the pyramid.
903. A stack of straw has the shape of a rectangular
parallelepiped with a pyramid mounted on the upper
base. The stack is 6 m long, 4 m wide and 5 m high (less
the height of the pyramid). The smaller-lateral faces
of the pyramid are inclined to the base at an angle of 60°.
Find the weight of the straw stack, if the density of
straw is equal to 80 ~ .
904. The highest of the Egyptian pyramids-the
pyramid of Cheops is 144 m high, aml the side of its
square base is 230 m long. The internal passages and
f30 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

rooms of the pyramid constitute 30 per cent of its volume.

How many trips would be required for ten 6-ton lorries
to carry the total amount of stone used for its construc-
tion? The density of stone is equal to 2.5 ·10 3 ~.
905. Given in Fig. 28 are the horizontal and vertical
projections of the upper portion of a milestone with
the dimensions in centimetres. Determine its weight if
1 m 3 of the material weighs 25.48 kN.

- Fig. 28

906. Prove that the volume of a triangular pyramid

is equal to one sixth the volume of a parallelepiped con-
structed on any three edges of the pyramid emanating
from one vertex.
907. 1. The base of a pyramid is a right-angled triangle
one of whose sides is equal to a and the adjacent angle
to 30°. Find the volume of the pyramid if the lateral
edges are inclined to the base at an angle of 60°.
2. The base of a pyramid is a triangle whose sides are
equal to 12 cm, 20 cm and 28 cm. Each of the lateral
edges is inclined to the base at an angle of 45°. Compute
the volume of the pyramid.
908. 1. The base of a pyramid is a right-angled triangle
whose sides are equal to 24 cm and 32 cm. Each of the
lateral edges is inclined to the base at an angle of 60°.
Compute the volume of the pyramid.
2. The base of a pyramid is an isosceles triangle whose
base is equal to 12 cm and altitude to 18 cm. Each of the
lateral edges is 26 cm long. Determine the volume of the
pyramid.
909. A wooden triangular pyramid is sawn up into
two pieces. The cutting plane intersects all the three
CH. VI. VOLUMES OF POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 131

lateral edges, cutting away one fourth from ooe edge

(as measured from the vertex), one third from the other
edge (as measured from the same vertex), and a half from
the third edge. What portion of the total weight of the
pyramid does the smaller piece constitute? (The weight
of the sawdust should be neglected.)
910. 1. Two faces of a triangular pyramid are isosceles
triangles whose hypotenuses are equal to e and form an
angle of 45°. Determine the volume of the pyramid.
2. Two mutually perpendicular faces of a pyramid are
equilateral triangles whose side is equal to 12 cm. Find
the volume of the pyramid.
911. The base of a pyramid is an isosceles triangle
whose equal sides are 78 cm long (each), the third side
equalling 60 cm. Each dihedral angle at the base contains
45°. Find the volume of the pyramid.
912. The base of a pyramid is a rectangle whose area
is equal to 1 m 2 • Two lateral faces are perpendicular
to the base and two others are inclinad to it at angles
of 30° and 60°. Find the volume of the pyramid.
913. The base of a pyramid is a rectangle. One of the
lateral faces of the pyramid is perpendicular to the base,
th.e rest of them being inclinad to the base at an angle
of 30°. The altitude of the pyramid is equal to 5 dm.
Compute the total surface area and the volume of the
pyramid.
914. Given in a pyramid SABC the sides of the base:
AB = 13 cm, B'C = 14 cm and A C = 15 cm. A plane
is drawn through the vertex A and the altitude of the
pyramid. The pyramid is such that this plane is perpen-
dicular to the side BC of the base. In what ratio is the
volume of the pyramid divided by this plane?
915. The base of the pyramid is a rectangle. The face
containing the longer side of the base is perpendicular
to the base, represents an equilateral triangle and forms
with the greater lateral face an angle of 60°. Find the
volume of the pyramid if the arca 4>f the greater lateral
face is equal to Q.
132 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

916o Determine the capacity of the plastic container

whose shape and dimensions are shown in Fig. 29.
40cm

Fig. 29

917 o A uniform body has the shape of a rectangular

parallelepiped. A piece is cut away from it so that the
cutting plane passes through the mid-points of three
edges emanating from one vertex. What is the percentage
of the cut-away material?
918 Pro ve that in a regular pyramid the sum of the
o

distances between any point of the base and the lateral

faces is a constant.
919o The plane angles at the vertex of a triangular
pyramid are right ones, the lateral edges are equal to a,
b and e. A point M taken on the base is x, y and z units
distant from the faces opposite the edges a, b and e,
respectively. Prove that
-=-+
a +..:.=
yb
e 1.
920o The base of a pyramid is a rhombus whose side
is equal to 16 cm and acute angle to 60°. Dihedral angles
at the base of the pyramid contain 45° each. Compute
the volume of the pyramid.
921o Determine the volume of a pyramid whose alti-
tude is equal to 10 cm, each of the dihedral angles at
the base to 40°32' and the area of the lateral surface to
660 cm 2 •
9220 The base of a pyramid is a rhombua. with the side
equal to 6 cm and acute angle to 53°8'. One of the lateral
edges is perpendicular to the base and equal to the grea-
ter diagonal of the rhombus. Determine the volume of
the pyramid.
CH. VI. VOLUMES OF POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS f33

923. Planes parallel to the base of a pyramid trisect

its altitude. In what proportion is the volume of the
pyramid divided by these planes?
924. Planes parallel to the base divide a pyramid into
three equal portions. In what ratio is the altitude of
the pyramid divided by these planes?
925. In a regular quadrangular pyramid the side of
the base is equal to a and the lateral face is inclinad
to the base at an angle of 60°. A plane is drawn through
a side of the base and perpendicular to the opposite
lateral face. Find the volumes of the portions into which
the pyramid is divided by the cutting plane.
926. Through the centre of the base of a regular trian-
gular pyramid a section is drawn parallel to a lateral
face. Find the ratio of the volumes of the obtained por-
tions.

31. Volumes of Truncated Pyramids

927. Determine the volume of a regular truncated pyra-
mid: (a) triangular, (b) quadrangular, (e) hexagonal, in
each of which the sides of the bases are equal to 4 dm
and 2 dm, and the altitude to 5 dm.
928. The sides of the bases of a regular truncated pyra-
mid are equal to 12 dm and 8 dm, the lateral faces are
inclinad to the greater base at an angle of 60°. Compute
the volume of the pyramid: (a) triangular, (b) quadrangu-
lar, (e) hexagonal.
929. The sides of the bases of a regular truncated pyra-
mid are equal to 8 cm and 4 cm, the lateral edges are
inclinad to the greater base at an angle of 45°. Compute
the volume of the pyramid: (a) triangular, (b) quadran-
gular, (e) hexagonal.
930. The sides of the bases of a regular truncated
pyramid are equal to 6 m and 4 m, ,the acute angle of
the lateral faceto 60°. Compute the volume of the pyramid:
(a) triangular, (b) quadrangular, (e) hexagonal.
931. The lateral edge of a regular truncated pyramid
is equal to V 48 cm, the sides of the bases to 10 cm and
f34 PROBLEllriS IN GEOMETRY

4 cm. Find the volume of the pyramid: (a) triangular,

(b) quadrangular, (e) hexagonal.
932. The si des of the bases of a regular triangular
truncated pyramid are equal to 9 cm and 3 cm; the slant
height equals the sum of the radii of the incircles. Find
th~ volume of the pyramid.
933. In a regular triangular truncated pyramid the
lateral edge is equal to the radius R of the circle circum-
scribed about the greater base and inclined to this base
at an angle of 60°. Determine the volume of the pyramid.
934. In a regular triangular truncated pyramid the
-¡{- 9)13
areas of the bases are equal to 4 y 3 dm 11 and - 4 - dm 11 ,
and the area of the lateral surface to 31.5 dm 11 • Find
the volume of the pyramid.
935. The slant height of a regular quadrangular trunca-
ted pyramid is equal to 10 dm, and the sides of its bases
to 24 dm and 12 dm. Determine the volume of the trunca-
ted pyramid.
936. Determine the volume of a regular quadrangular
truncated pyramid if its diagonal equal to 40 cm is
perpendicular to the lateral edge equal to 30 cm.
937. The volume of a regular quadrangular truncated
pyramid is equal to 109 cm 3 , its altitude to 3 cm, and
diagonals of the bases are to each other as 5 : 7. Find
the sides of the bases of the pyramid.
938. In a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid the
area of the smaller base is equal to 16 cm 11 , and the area
of the lateral face to 64 cm 11 • Find the volume of the
pyramid if its lateral face is inclined to the base at an
angle of 60°.
939. In a triangular truncated pyramid the altitude
is equal to 6 m, the sides of one base to 29 m, 52 m and
27 m, and the perimeter of the other base to 72 m. Deter-
mine the volume of the truncated pyramid.
940. In a regular hexagonal truncated pyramid the
radii of the circles inscribed in the bases are equal to
2.5 y2 dm and 3.5 y2 dm; the distance between the
CH. VI. VOLUMES OF POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS f35

opposite sides of the bases is equal to 9 dm. Find the

volume of the pyramid.
941. The volume of a regular hexagonal truncated
pyramid is equal to 2808 dm 3 , and the sides of the bases
and the altitude are as 2 : 5 : 6 lf3. Find the volume
of the corresponding non-truncated pyramid.
942. The ratio of the areas of the bases of a truncated
pyramid is 9 : 4, its volume is equal to 152 dm 3 , and the
altitude to 6 dm. Determine the volume of the correspond-
ing non-truncated pyramid.
943. In a truncated pyramid the areas of the bases
are equal to S 1 and S 2 , and the altitude to h. Determine
the volume of the corresponding non-truncated pyramid.
944. In a regular triangular truncated pyramid the
side of the greater base is equal to 50 cm. The area of
a section drawn through a side of the greater base and
the opposite vertex of the smaller base amounts to
500 lf3 cm 2 • Find the volume of the pyramid if the
cutting plane is perpendicular to the lateral edge.
945. In a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid the
side of the greater base is equal to 9 dm, and the volume
to 325.5 y3 dm 8 • The distance between the centre of
the smaller base and the side of the greater base is equal
to this side. Determine the area of the lateral surface
of the pyramid.
946. The altitude of a truncated pyramid is equal to
3m, and its volume to 95m 3 • The ratio of the perimeters
of the bases is 2 : 3. Determine the areas of the bases.
947. In a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid the
slant height and sides of the bases are as 5 : 9 : 3, and
the volume is equal to 1248 m 3 • Determine the total
surface area of the pyramid.
948. In a truncated pyramid the area of one base exceeds
that of the other base by 24 cm 2 • The altitude of the
truncated pyramid is equal to 18 cm and its volume to
336 cm 3 • Determine the ratio of the sides of the bases.
949. Determine the volume of a regular triangular
truncated pyramid in which the sides of the bases are
136 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

equal to 8 m and 4 m, and the area of the total surface

is twice the sum of the areas of the bases.
950. In a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid the
dihedral angle at the base is equal to 60°. The section
of the pyramid passing through the slant height and
the centres of the bases is a trapezium in which a circle
of radius r can be inscribed. Find the volume of the
pyramid.
951. Given a truncated pyramid ABCDA 1B 1 C 1D 1
whose bases are squares with sides 30 cm and 12 cm long.
The lateral face AA 1B 1B is perpendicular to the bases,
the angle AA 1B 1 = 120°, and the diagonal AB 1 is equal
to 28 cm. A plane AB 1 C1D is drawn. Find the volumes
of the portions into wh ich the pyramid is divided by
this plane.
952. The bases of a triangular truncated pyramid are
isosceles triangles with the sides equal to 14 cm, 25 cm,
25 cm and 2.8 cm, 5 cm, 5 cm. The lateral face containing
the bases of the isosceles triangles is an isosceles trape-
zium whose plane forms a right dihedral angle with the
base of thc pyramid, and the opposite lateral edge is
inclined to the base at an angle of 45°. Determine the
volume of the pyramid.
953. A right quadrangular truncated pyramid is cut
by planes drawn through the end-points of the diagonals
of the upper base and perpendicular to them. Determine
the volume of the remaining portion of the truncated
pyramid if its altitude is equal to h, and the sides of the
bases to a and b.
954. Out of a truncated pyramid a prism is cut whosé
base is equal to the smaller base of the pyramid and the
altitude to the altitude of the pyramid. What is the
volume (in per cent) of the waste if the corresponding
sides of the bases are as 2 : 3?
955. In a triangular truncated pyramid through a side
of the smaller base a plane is drawn parallel to a lateral
edge. The corresponding sides of the bases are as 5 : 2.
In what ratio is the volume of the truncated pyramid
divided by this plane?
CH. VI. VOLUMES OF POLYHEDRONS AND• ROUND SOLIDS 137

956. The corresponding sides of the bases of a truncated

pyramid are as m : 'n. Find the ratio in which the mid-
section divides its volume.

32. Volumes of Cylinders

957. 1. What is the ratio of the volumes of a cylinder
and its model made to the graphic scale 1 : 2, 1 : 3, 1 : n?
2. What is the ratio of the volumes of two cylinders
having equal altitudes, equal diameters of the base
circles?
958. How will the volume of a cylinder change if:
(a) its diameter is increased twice, and the altitude three
times, (b) the diameter is reduced to half its length, and
the altitude is increaseá four times?
959. Prove that an equilateral cylinder is equal to
a prism in which the base is a square whose side is. equal
to the radius of the base circle of the cylinder and the
altitude to the length of the circumference of the base
circle.
960. 1. Given two cylinders with equal altitudes. The
volume of the first cylinder is equal to 0.25 m 8 , and the
diameter of its base circle to O. 75 m. The diameter of the
second cylinder is equal to 1.5 m. Compute the volume
of the second cylinder.
2. Two cylinders have equal bases. The volume of the
first cylinder is equal to 7.5 dm 8 , and its altitude to
21 cm. The altitude of the second cylinder is equal to
7 cm. Compute the volume of the second cylinder.
961. It is required to make a cylindrical oiler contain-
ing 600 g of machine oil. The height of the oiler is to
be equal to 10 cm. Determine the diameter of its bottom
if the density of oil is equal to 900 ~~ .
962. What is the weight of the iron wire intended
for two-wire communication between points A and B
if AB = 2 km, the diameter of the wire is equal to 0.8 mm,
and the density of iron to 7.8·10 8 ~?
138 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

963. How many barreis of the cylindrical form (1.5 m

long and 0.8 m in diameter) are required to transport
t6.5 tons of kerosene contained in a tank-car? The den-
sity of kerosene is equal to 0.8·10 3 ~.
964. How much silage will go in a silo of the cylindri-
cal form if the inner diameter of the silo is equal to
3. 70 m, and the height to 6.98 m? The average density
of silage is equal to 670 !~ .
965. Wire 4 mm in diameter is drawn from a steel pig
having the form of a rectangular parallelepiped whose
dimensions are: 100 cm X 30 cm X 30 cm. Determine
the length of the wire obtained from the given pig
966. It is required to lead-coat a cable 50 mm in dia-
meter. How much lead is it required for this purpose if
the cable is 5 km long and the lead coat 3 mm thick?
The density of lead is equal to t 1.4. t0 3 !~ .
967. Determine the volume of earth to be excavated
in digging a foundation ditch for a water tower of the
cylindrical form. The outer diameter of the tower equals
8 m, the ditch is to be 2 m deep and 1 m wide.
968. A construction site requires a water supply of
10 cubic metres per hour. Assuming the rata of flow
in the water pipe to be equal to 1.5~,
sec
determine the
diameter of the pipe to be used for this purpose.
969. To reduce the weight of an intermediate floor the
latter is made from prefabricated hollow concrete slabs.
Assuming that the slab is made of a uniform material,
determine the percentage by which the weight of a slab
having the dimensions 586 cm X U9 cm X 22 cm can
be reduced by making cylindrical hollows so that the
minimum thickness of the concrete layer equals 3.5 cm,
and the axes of the cylindrical hollows are parallel
to the slab edge equal to 586 cm.
970. The radius of the base circle of a cylinder is equal
to tO cm. The area of the section which is parallel to the
CH. VI. VOLUMES OP POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 139

axis of the cylinder and 6 cm distant from it is equal to

80 cm 3 • Compute the volume of the cylinder.
971. The length of a line segment connecting the end-
points of mutually perpendicular diameters of the bases
of a cylinder is equal to 11 cm; the radius of the base
circle of the cylinder to 6 cm. Compute the volume of
the cylinder.
972. The diagonal of an axial section of a cylinder is
equal to l and inclinad to the base at an angla of 30°.
Find the volume of the cylinder.
973. The area of an axial section of an equilateral
cylinder is equal to S. Find the volume of the cylinder.
974. 1. The volume of an equilateral cylinder is equal
to 128n dm 8 • Compute the surface area of the cylinder.
2. The volume of an equilateral cylinder is equal to V.
Find the area of the lateral surface of the cylinder.
975. 1. A cylinder of the maximum possible size is
made up out of a cube. How much material (in per cent)
is removed in this operation?
2. A cube of the maximum possible size is made up out
of a cylinder whose height is H = R V2. What is the
percentage of the material removed?
976. A regular prism is inscribed in a cylinder and then
a cylinder in this prism. Find the ratio of the volumes
of these cylinders. Consider the cases when the prism is:
(a) triangular, (b) quadrangular, (e) hexagonal.
977. The volume of a cylinder is equal to V. Find the
volume of: (1) a circumscribed regular quadrangular
prism, (2) an inscribed regular triangular prism.
978. Through a diagonal of an axial se~tion of a cylin-
der a plane is drawn perpendicular to it. The area of the
obtained section is equal to Q. Find the volume of the
cylinder if the generator is to the radius of the base
circle as 2 to lf3.
979. The area of a section of a cylinder drawn through
a diagonal of an axial section and perpendicular to this
section is equal to 18n. Determine the volume of the
140 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

cylinder if this section is inclined to the base at an angle

of 60°.
980. 1. Determine the volume of an equilateral cylin-
der if it is numerically equal to the total surface area
of the cylinder.
2. Determine the volume and the total surface area
of an equilateral cylinder if its volume is numerically
equal to its lateral surface area.
981. 1. The lateral surface of a cylinder is developed
in a square with the diagonal d. Find the volume of
the cylinder.
2. The radius of the base circle of a cylinder is R, and
in the development of its lateral surface the generator
forros with the diagonal an angle of 60°. Find the volume
of the cylinder.
982. A metal sheet 20" cm X 10 cm is bent to make
a tube. Find the volume of the tube. (Consider two cases.)
983. Through a chord of the base circle of a cylinder
which divides its circumference in the ratio of 1 to 2
a plan e is drawn parallel to the generator. In what ratio
is the volume of the cylinder divided by the plane?
984. In a cone with the generator l = 25 cm and alti-
tude H = 20 cm a cylinder is inscribed whose surface
area amounts to 306n cm 2 • Find the volume of this
cylinder.

6m Fig. 30

985. How many bricks are required to construct an

arch with a cylindrical vault whose dimensions are given
in Fig. 30 if 1 m 3 of masonry takes 400 bricks?
CH. VI. VOLUMES OF POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIOS 14i

33. Volumes of Cones

986. 1. What is the ratio of the volumes of two eones
which have equal altitudes, equal diameters of the base
circles?
2. What is the ratio of the volumes of a cone and its
model made to the scale 1 : 2, 1 : 3, 1 : n?
3. In what ratio will the volume of a cone change if
its altitude and radius of the base circle are reduced
1
to 4 ?
987. 1. The diameter of the base circle is increased
three times. How must its altitude be changed so that
its volume remained unchanged?
2. The altitude of a cone is reduced to half its length.
How must the diameter of its base circle be changed
so that its volume remained unchanged?
988. 1. How will the volume of a cone change if its
generator and altitude are increased three times?
2. The radius of the base circle of a cone is increased
three times, and its altitude is reduced to one third.
How is the volume of the cone changed?
3. The altitude of a cone is increased twelve times.
How must the diameter of the base circle be changed so
that the volume of the cone is increased three times?
989. 1. Prove that the volume of the cone is equal to
one third the product of the lateral surface area by the
distance between the centre of the base and generator.
2. Prove that the volume of the cone is equal to one
sixth the product of the length of the circumference of
the base circle by the area of the axial section.
990. A cylindrical and conical vessels have equal bases
and altitudes. By how many times does the capacity
of the cylindrical vessel exceed that of the conical one?
991. Sorted grain is gathered in a conical heap 0.7 m
high. What is the mass of the grain if the generator of
the cone has a natural slope (it is inclined to the hori-
zontal plane at an angle of 45°). The density of grain
in the heap is equal to 700 ~ .
142 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

992. A building organization has to transport a conical

heap of sand. How many 3-ton dumpers are required to
transport the sand if the measurements gave the following
results: the length of the circumference of the base circle
is equal to 35.2 m, the generator to 9.5 m? Each dumper
has to carry out five trips. The density of sand equals
1.9·10 3 ~~.
993. How many carts are needed to transport a haystack
having the forro of a cylinder with a conical top if the
diameter of the base circle is equal to 6 m, and the height
of the haystack to 5 m, the heignt of the conícal portion
being 1.5 times the height of the cylindrical portion?
The density of hay is equal to 30 ~~ . The cart carries
about 600 kg at a time.
994. Determine the volume of a cone whose generator
is equal to l, and the length of the circumference of the
base circle to e.
995. 1. The area of the base circle of a con e is 16n dm 2 ,
and the area of the lateral surface, 20n dm 2 • Determine
the volume of the cone.
2. The area of the lateral surface of a cone is equal to
15n dm 2 and that of the total surface to 24n dm 2 • Deter-
mine the volume of the cone.
996. The area of the axial section of a cone is equal
to 120 cm 11 , and the generator to 17 cm. Find the volume
of the cone.
997. Find the relationship between the altitude and
the radius of the base circle of a con e in which: 1) the
lateral surface area and the volume, (2) the total surface
area and the volume, (3) the base circle area and the
volume are numerically equal.
998. Poured in a conical vessel whose altitude is equal
to 16 cm and the diameter of the base circle to 24 cm is
an amouñt of liquid equal to one eighth its volume. Deter-
mine the level of the liquid in the vessel.
999. The altitude of a cone is divided into three equal
parts and through the points of division planes are drawn
CH. VI. VOLU.MES OF POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS 143

parallel to the base. The volume of the cone is equal to V.

Find the volume of its mid-portion.
1000. Through a point dividing the altitude of a cone
in the ratio of 1 to 2 a plane is dra .vn parallel to the base.
In what ratio is the volume of the cone divided by the
cutting plane?
1001. A vessel has the form of a cylinder with a conical
bottom. The height of the cylindrical portion is four
times the height of the conical portion. Half the volume
of the vessel is occupied by a liquid. What portion of
the volume of the cylindrical part of the vessel remains
empty?
1002. A conical vessel is made up of a metal sheet which
has the form of a circular sector with a central angle of
120° and radius R. Find the capacity of the vessel.
32 1/-
1003. The volume of a cone is eq~al to 3 n v 5m 3 ,
and the radius of the base circle to 4 m. Determine the
central angle of the development of the lateral surface
of the cone.
1004. Find the volume of a solid generated by revolv-
ing: (1) an equilateral triangle about its side a; (2) an
isosceles triangle with the base 10 dm and lateral side
13 dm long about a lateral side; (3) a triangle with the
sides 7 cm, 8 cm and 9 cm about the longer side; (4) a
triangle with the sides 15 cm, 18 cm and 27 cm about
the smaller side.
1005. Prove that the volume of a solid obtained by
revolving a triangle about its side is equal to one third
the product of the area of the triangle by the length of
the circle circumscribed by its vertex.
1006. Prove that a solid generated by revolving a
rhombus about its side is equal to a cylinder whose
generator is the side of the rhombus, and radius is its
altitude.
1007. An isosceles trapezium whose bases and lateral
side are respectively equal to 5 cm, 21 cm and 17 cm
rotates about the smaller base. Determine the volume of
the solid of revolution.
144 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

1008. A trapezium whose bases are equal to 5 cm and

12 cm, and lateral sides to 24 cm and 25 cm .revolves
about a straight line passing through the vertex of the
smaller angle and perpendicular to the bases. Compute
the volume of the solid obtained.
1009. Compute the volume of a solid generated by
revolving a triangle about a straight line passing through
a vertex of the triangle and parallel t.o the longer side
if its sides are given: (1) 29 cm, 25 cm, 6 cm; (2) a dm,
a dm, a dnl.
1010. Cones are inscribed in, and circumscribed about
a regular triangular pyramid. Find the ratio of the volu-
mes of the eones.
1011. In a regular hexagonal pyramid the lateral edge
is twioe the length of the base. The apothem of the base
is equal to 6 cm. Find the volumes of the eones inscribed
in, and circumscribed about, the pyramid.
1012. A cube is inscribed in an equilateral cone so that
one of its faces lies in the plane of the base of the cone,
and four of its vertices are found on the lateral surface
of the cone. Find the ratio of the volumes of the cone
and cube.
1013. 1. Prove that if a triangle ABC revolves about
the side BC = a, then the volume of the solid thus gene-
4 ~ .
rated V= 3 1t 4 , where Q is the area of the triangle.
2. Prove that the volumes of the solids ge:derated by
revolving a triangle consecutively about each of its
sides are inversely proportional to the sides.
1014. A cone is inscribed in a cube so that the base of
the cone is inscribed in one of the faces of the cube and
the vertex of the cone is the centre of the opposite
face. Find the ratio of the volumes of the cube and
con e.
1015. A cone in ·which R = 18 cm and l = 30 cm is
provided with a cylindrical hole so that their axes coin-
cide. The diameter of the hole is equal to 6 cm.
Find the volume and surface area of the solid ob-
tained.
CH. VI. VOLUMES OF POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLJDS 145

34. Volumes of Truncated Cones

1016. The radii of the bases of a truncated cone are

equal to 1 dm and 3 dm, and the generator to 2.9 dm.
Find the volume of the cone.
1017. What is the capacity (in litres) of the vessel
having the form of a truncated cone the radii of whose
base circles are equal to 35 cm and 20 cm, and the genera-
tor is inclinad to the greáter base at an angle of 60°?
1018. A vessel has the form of a truncated cone in
which the lengths of the circumferences of the base
circles are equal to 96 cm and 66 cm and the altitude to
27 cm. Compute the capacity of this vessel (in litres,
accurate to one decimal place).
1019. In a truncated cone the altitude is equal to the
radius of the smaller base; the radius of the greater base
is equal to 12 cm, and the generator is inclinad to the
base at an angle of 45°. Find the volume of the cone.
1020. The radii of the base circles of a truncated cone
are equal to 3 cm and 10 cm, and the volume to 1112n cm 3 •
Find the altitude and generator of the cone.
1021. The altitude of a truncated cone is equal to
8.4 dm, and the radius of on·e of the base circles to 0.7 dm.
Find the area of the lateral surface of the cone if its
volume is equal to 16.492n dm 3 •
1022. The generator l of a truncated cone is equal to
the diameter of the smaller base circle and inclinad to
the greater base at an angle of 60°. Find the volume of
the cone.
1023. The volume of a truncated cone is equal to
416n cm 3 • The radii of the base circles -and the generator
are as 5 : 2 : 5. Find the surface area of this truncated
con e.
1024. In a truncated cone the diagonals of the axial
section are perpendicular to each other and the generator
is inclinad to the greater base at an angle of 60° and equals
l. Find the volume of this truncated cone.
1025. In a truncated cone the line segment l, which
connects the centre of the greater base with the end-
146 PROBLEI!riS IN GEOMETRY

point of the diameter of the smaller base, is perpendicu-

lar to 'the generator and inclinad to the greater base at
an angle of 30°. Find the volume of this cone.
1026. The radii of the base circles of a truncated cone
are equal to 6 cm and 8 cm, and the volume of the regular
quadrangular pyramid inscribed in it is equal to 1480 cm 3 •
Find the volume of the cone.
1027. The radii of the base circles of a truncated cone
are equal to 4 cm and 10 cm. Planes drawn parallel
to the bases divide the altitude of the cone into three
equal parts. In what proportion is the volume of the
truncated cone divided by these planes?
1028. The ratio of the areas of the bases of a truncated
cona is 1 : 2, and the radius of the circle inscribed in the
axial section is equal to R. Find the volume of the trun-
cated cone.
1029. The lateral sides of the axial section of a trunca-
fed cone are tangent to the inscribed circle at points
the distance between which is equal to a. The angle of
inclination of the generator to the base is equal to 45°.
Find the volume of the cone.
1030. Find the relationship between the radii of the
bases of a truncated cone if the conical surface, whose
vertex lies at the centre of the lower base and whose
base is the upper base of the truncated cone, divides
the volume of the given cone in the ratio of 4 to 15.
1031. A cone is inscribed in a truncated cone so that
its vertex coincides with the centre of the upper base
of the truncated cone, and its base with the lower base
of the given cone. Find the relationship between the
radii of the base circles of the truncated con e if the volume
of the inscribed cone constitutes half the volume of the
truncated cone.
1032. Given in a truncated cone: the radii of the base
circles R and r, and the altitude H. Out of it two eones
are cut away whose bases coincide with the bases of the
given cone, and the generator of one cone serves as the
extension of the generator of the other. Determine the
volume of the remaining portion.
CH. VL VOLUMES OF POLYHEDRONS AND ROUND SOLIDS f47

1033. A tetrahedron is inscribed in a truncated cone

so that one of its ·faces is inscribed in the smaller base
circle of the cone, and the opposite vertex is found at
the centre of the greater base of the cone. The edge of the
tetrahedron has the length a and is equal to the generator
of the cone. Find the volume of the truncated
cone.
1034. 1. Given the radii of the base circles R and r;
determine the ratio of the volumes of the truncated cone
and the corresponding non-truncated cone.
2. In what ratio is the volume of a truncated eone divi-
ded by the mid-section?
1035. A truncated cone, whose radii of the base circles
are equal to R and r, and the area of the axial section
is the mean proportional between the areas of the bases,
is provided with a coaxial cylindrical hole of radiusVa.
Find the volume of the reJnaining portion.
1036. Find the dimensiona of an equilateral cylinder
equal to a truncated cone in which the areas of the base
circles are equal to n cm 2 and 16n cm 2 , and the area of
the axial section to 61 ! cm 2 •
1037. A regular triangle with the side a revolves about
an axis passing through one of its vertices and perpendi-
cular to its side. Find the volume of the solid thus gene-
rated.
1038. A rhombus with the side a and acute angle of
60° revolves about an axis drawn through the vertex of
this angle and perpendicular to the side. Find the surface
area and volume of the solid obtained.
1039. A square whose side is equal to a revolves
about an axis passing outside the square through one
of its vertices and perpendicular to its diagonal. Find
the surface area and volume of the solid obtained.
1040. An isosceles trapezium in which a diagonal is
perpendicular to the lateral side 6 dm long and the acute
angle at the base is equal to 60° revolves about a lateral
side. Find the volume of the solid of revolution.
148 PROBLEMS IN GEO'METRY

1041. A regular hexagon with the side a rotates about

one of its sides. Find the surface area and volume of the
obtained solid.
1042. A regular hexagon with the side a revolves about
an axis parallel to one of its sides and contained in its
plane. The axis of revolution is a units distant from the
centre of the hexagon. Find the volume of the solid
thus generated.
 CHAPTER VII

THE SPHERE

35. Spheres
1043. 1. Find the locus of the centres of spheres passing
through two given points. ·
2. Find the locus of the centres of spheres passing
through three given points which do not lie in one straight
line.
3. Through what four points can a sphere be drawn?
Consider the cases when the points are contained and not
contained in one plane.
1044. 1. Find the locus of the centres of spheres tangent
to a given straight line at a given point.
2. Find the locus of the centres of spheres tangent to
a given plane at a given point.
3. Find the locus of the centres of spheres tangent to
a given sphere at a given point. ·
1045. 1. Find the locus of the centres of spheres tangent
to two given straight lines contained in one plane. Consi-
der the cases of parallel and intersecting lines:
2. Find the locus of the centres of spheres tangent to
three given straight lines contained in one plane. Consi-
der the following cases: the lines are parallel; two lines
are parallel and the third one intersects them; tlie lines
intersect pairwise; the lines intersect at one point.
3. Find the locus of the centres of spheres tangent to
two given planes. Consider the cases of parallel and non-
parallel planes.
150 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

4. Find the locus of the centres of spheres tangent to

three given planes. Consider the following cases: the
planes are parallel; two planes are parallel, and the
third one intersects them; the planes intersect pairwise;
the planes pass through one straight line; the planes have
only one common point.
1046. Find the locus of the centres of spheres of a
given radius tangent to: (a) a straight line; (b) a plane;
(e) a right circular cylindrical surface; (d) a sphere.
1047. 1. The sides of what quadrangles can a sphere
be tangent to?
2. The vertices of what quadrangles can a sphere pass
through?
1048. Severa! planes are drawn through a point M
situated inside a sphere. Prove that the Jeast section of
the sphere is one whose centre is the point M.
1049. The areas of the great and small circles are equal
to 225n cm 2 and 144n cm 2 , respectively. Find the distan-
ce between the small circle and the centre of the sphere.
1050. 1. The latitude of Moscow is 55°45'. Compute the
radius of the parallel on which Moscow líes assuming
that the Earth is a sphere whose radius is equal to 6370 km.
2. Compute the length of the circumference of the
Polar circle if the radius of the Earth is approximately
equal to 6400 km.
1051. Two parallel planes divide the diameter of a
sphere in the proportion 1 : 2 : 3. In what proportion
is the area of the sphere divided by these planes?
1052. The diameter of a sphere is divided by seven
points into eight equal parts. Through the first and fifth
points planes are drawn perpendicular to this diameter.
By how many times does the area of one section exceed
that of the other?
1053. The angle between two radii of a sphere is equal
to 60° and the distance between the end-points of the
radii to 15 cm. Find the shortest distance between the
end-points of the radii as measured along an are on the
surface of the sphere.
CH. VII. THE SPHERE
(
151

1054. Two points A and B situated on a sphere of

radius 54 cm are joined to the centre of the sphere. The
shortest distance between the points A and B as measu-
red along an are on the sphere is equal to 132 cm. Compute
the angle AOB, where O is the centre of the sphere, and
the distance between the points A and B as measured
along a straight line.
1055. A plane is drawn through the end-point of the
radius R of a sphere and at an angle of 30° to it. Find
the area of the circle yielded by this cutting plane.
1056. Through a point of a spherical surface a plane
is drawn at an angle of 45° to a plane tangent at this
point. Find the. area of the section if the radius of the
sphere is equal to R.
1057. A tangent plane and a cutting plane are drawn
t¡rough a point of a spherical surface. Find the dihedral
angle formad by these planes if the area of the section is
equal to one fourth the area of the great circle.
1058. The radius of a sphere is equal to 13 dm. At
what distance from the centre of the sphere must a cutting
plane be drawn so that it passes through points of the
spherical surface the rectilinear distances between which
are equal to 6 dm, 8 dm and 10 dm?
1059. The radius of a sphere is equal to 12.5 cm. A eut-
ting plane is drawn at a distance of 9 cm from the tan-
gent plane. Find the radius of the section.
1060. A conical surface contacts a sphere along a circle
whose radius is equal to 12 cm. The radius of the sphere
is equal to 13 cm. Find the distance between the vertex
of the cone and the centre of the sphere.
1061. An equilateral cone has a base equal to 16 cm.
A sphere is constructed on its altitude as on the diameter.
Determine the length of the line of intersection of the
sphere and cone.
1062. 1. Two equal spheres of radius R are arranged
so that the centre of one of them is situated on the surface
of the other. Find the length of the line along which
they intersect.
 152 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

2. The radii of two spheres are equal to 15 dm and

20 dm, and the distance between their centres to 25 dm.
Find the length of the circle along which their surfaces
intersect.
1063o The base and altitude of a hemisphere serve as
the base and altitude of the con e inscribed in it. A plan e
is drawn ·parallel to the base which bisects the altitude.
Prove that the area of the annulus contained between
the lateral surface of the cone and the surface of the
hemisphere is equal to half the area of the base of the
con e.
1064o ·A hollow ,sphere is cut by two planes one of
which passes through its centre and the other touches
its inner surface. Prove that the sections contained bet-
ween the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow sphere
are equal to ea eh other.
1065 o Three equal circles lie on a osphere and ha ve
a common point pairwise. The radius of the sphere is
equal to R. Find the radius of the circles if their common
points lie on the great circle.

36o Areas of Spberes and Their Parts

1066o How much material is it required for manufac-

turing the shell of a balloon 10 m in diameter if the
seams constitate 5 per cent of the spherical surface area?
1067 o 1. The radius of one sphere is equal to 0.5 m,
the radius of the other to 2m. Find the ratio of the sur-
faces of the spheres.
2. The surface of one sphere is n times the surface of
the other. Determine the ratio of their diameters at
n = 4, 5, 9.
1068o Prove that ·if the diameters of three spheres form
a right-angled triangle, then the surface of the greater
sphere is equal to the sum of the remaining two.
1069o Prove that the total surface of an equilateral
cone is equal to the surface of a sphere whose diameter
is the altitude of the cone.
 CH. VII. THE SPHERE i53

.t070o Prove that the lateral surface of an equilateral

cone whose base is the great circle of the sphere is equal
to half the surface of the sphere.
1071o Prove that the total surface of a cylinder whose
generator is equal to the radius of the base circle is
equal to the surface of the sphere in which the base circle
of the cylinder serves as the great circle.
1072o Find the radius of the base circle of a cylinder
whose altitude is equal to 0.6 m if the total surface of
the cylinder is equal to the surface of a sphere whose
radius is equal to 12 dni.
1073o A plane is drawn tangent to a sphere. A point
M is taken on this plane at a distance of 8 cm from the
surface of the sphere and 16 cm distant from the point
of tangency. Determine the area of the sphere.
1074o On different sides of the centre of a sphere two
parallel sections are drawn; their areas are equal to
:~6n dm 2 and 64n dm 2 , and the distan ce between them to
8 dm. Determine the surface of the sphere.
1075o Prove that if an equilateral cone anda hemisphere
have a common base, then the lateral surface of the cone
is equal to ~ the surface of the hemisphere, and the
line of their intersection to half the circumference of
the base circle.
1076o The diameter of the base circle of a spherical
segment is equal to 10 cm. The are of the axial section
contains 120°. Determine the surface of this segmento
1077 o The radii of the base circles of a spherical seg-
ment are equal to 20 cm and 24 cm, and the radius of the
sphere to 25 cm. Determine the surface area of the spheri-
cal zone (Consider two cases.)
1078 o Determine the area of the spherical surface of
a spherical segment given its altitude equal to 30 cm
and the radius of the base circle to 40 cm.
1079o A shining point is found ata distance from a sphe-
re equal to its radius. What portion of the surface of
the sphere is illuminated by the point?
{54 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

1080. An empty cone is plr.ced on a sphere of radius

26 cm. What portion of the surface of the sphere is cove-
red by the cone if the radius of its base circle is equal
to fO cm?
1081. 1. Determine the total surface of a solid gene-
rated by revolving a circular segment whose are is equal
to 90° about its altitude if the base of the segment is
equal to b.
2. Sol ve the same problem for the case when the are of
the segment contains 120°, and its area is equal to Q.
1082. A circular sector with an angle of 90° and area
of 28 cm 11 rotates about the medium radius. Find the
surface of the solid thus generated.
1083. At what distance from the centre of a sphere whose
radius is equal to 113 cm a cutting plan e should be drawn
so that the ratio of the spherical surface of the smaller
segment to the lateral surface of the cone which has
a common base with the segment and whose vertex is
found at the centre of the sphere is equal to 1. 75?
1084. The surface of a sphere is divided by a cutting
plane in the ratio of 1 to 4. Prove that the surface of
the spherical sector corresponding to this section is
divided by the section into two equal parts. (The sphe-
rical and conical surfaces of the sector are equal to each
other.)
1085. Prove that if a semi-circle divided into three
equal parts rotates about its diameter, then the sum of
the areas of the segment surfaces is equal to the aréa of
the spherical zone.
1086. A cutting plane divides the surface of a sphere
into two segment surfaces equal to 16 cm 11 and 48 cm 11 •
Find the area of the section.
1087. Prove that the lateral surface of a cone inscribed
in a spherical segment is the mean proportional between
the areas of the base and the lateral surface of the seg-
ment.
1088. The area of the lateral surface of a spherical
segment is ec¡ual to the sum of the areas of its bases one
CH. VII. THE SPHERE 155

of which is the great circle. Find the altitude of the

spherical segment if the radius of the sphere is equal to R.
1089. Prove that the area of a spherical segment
S= n V4r~h2 + (r:- r~ + h11) 1 ,
where r 1 and r 2 are the radii of the base circles of the
segment and h is its altitude.

37. Volumes of Spheres and Their Parts

1090. Prove that a cylinder whose altitude constitu-
tes ! the radius of the base circle is equal to a sphere
of the radius equal to the radius of the base circle of
the cylinder.
1091. 1. The area of the surface of a sphere is equal
to 100n cm 1 • Find its volume.
2. Find the area of the surface of a sphere if its volume
is equal to V.
1092. How will the volume of a sphere change if:
(1) its radius is increased twice, by 200 per cent? (2) its
diameter is reduced by 75 per cent, to one third?
1093. 1. The diameter of the Mars is 0.53 the diameter
of the Earth. What are the surface and volume of the
Mars as compared with tltose of the Earth? ·
2. The diameter of the Jupiter is 11 times greater than
that of the Earth. By how many times does the Jupiter
exceed the Mars in surface and volum.e?
1094. The aveJ."age depth of all the oeeans is equal to
4 km. Knowing that the oceans cover 70 per cent of the
Earth surface, fi.nd the approximate volume of the water
contained in all the oceans.
1095. Prove that the volume of the walls of a hollow
sphere is equal to the volume of a truncated cone the
radii of the base circles of which are equal to the radii
of the spherical surfaces, its altitude being four times
greater than the thickness of t.he walls of the sphere.
1096. Will a hollow iron hall float on the water surface
if its outer diameter is equal to 28 cm, and the wall
thickness to 0.5 cm?
156 PROBLEMS IN GEOME'IRY

1097. A hollow iron hall, whose externa! radius is

equal to 15.4 cm, is floating in water half-submerged.
Compute the thickness of the walls of this hall if the
density of iron is equal to 7 ·8·10 3 ~~ •

1098. The radii of three balls are as 1 : 2 : 3. (1) Prove

that the volume of the greater hall is three times the
sum of the volumes of the two smaller ones. (2) Compute
the volume of each hall if the volume of the greater hall
exceeds the sum of the volumes of the smaller balls by
192n cm 3 •
1099. (1) Find the surface area of a sphere, whose
volume and surface area are expressed by equal numbers.
(2) The same condition for a hemisphere.
1100. An equilateral cylinder and a sphere have equal
volumes. Find the ratio of their surface areas. ·
1101. Find the diameter of a sphere which is equal
to a cone the radius of the base circle of which is equal
to 6 cm, and the altitude to 24 cm.
1102. Three lead balls 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm in diameters
are melted to yield one hall. Determine the ratio (in per
cént) of its surface area to the surface area of each of
the given balls.
1103. A maximum possible hall is made out of (a) an
equilateral cylinder, (b) an equilateral cone, and (e) a
cube. How much material (in per cent) is removed as
waste in each case?
1104. A cylindrical vessel whose diameter is equal to
12 cm, and altitude to 72 cm is fi.lled with water to half
its height. What will the increase in the water level be
if a hall 10 cm in diameter is placed in the vessel?
1105. A cylindrical pipe 28 cm long ends in a hemisphe-
re. Compute the capacity of the pipe if its diameter is
equal to 3.6 cm.
1106. A vessel has the shape of an overturned cone
whose axial section is an equilateral triangle with the
side 20 cm long. The vessel is filled with water so that
its surface touches a hall of radius 4 cm plunged into
CH. VII. THE SPHERE f57

the water. Find the level of the water in the vessel after
the hall is removed.
1107. The diameter of the base of a spherical segment
is equal to 16 cm, and the are of the axial seetion con-
taina 60°. Determine the volume of the segment.
1108. Compute the volume of a spherical sector if the
radius of the circle of the corresponding segment is equal
to 12 cm, and the radius of the sphere to 15 cm.
1109. The radii of parallel sections of a sphere are
equal to 20 cm and 24 cm, and the radius of the sphere
to 25 cm. Determine the volume of the portion of the
sphere contained between these sections. (Consider two
cases.)
1110. Determine the volume of a spherical segment
given its altitude equal to 4 cm and the radius of the
base circle equal to 8 cm.
1111. How many iron rivets of the cylindrical shape
can be manufacturad from one kilogram of metal if the
head of the rivet representa a spherical segment whose
altitude is equal to 6 mm and the radius of the sphere
to 18 mm, the length of the rivet to 20 mm, and the día-
meter of the cylindrical portion to 10 mm? The density
of iron is 7.8-10 3 !~.
1112. Using the formula V = nh" ( R- :) , deduce
the following formula for computing the volume of
a spherical segment:
f
V = 6 nh(3r 2 +h 2),

where r is the radius of the base circle of the segment.

1113. The volume of a spherical sector is divided into
two equal portions by the base of a segment (the spheri-
cal segment is equal to the cone). Find the ratio of the
altitudes of the segment and cone.
1114. A hall whose radius is equal to 30 cm is provided
with a eylindrical hole bored along its diameter. Compute
the volume of the remaining portion if the radius of the
cylindrical hole is equal to 18 cm.
 t58 PROBLE:r.IS IN GEO:METRY

1115. Two equal spheres are situated so that the sur-

face of one passes through the centre of the other. What
portion of the volume of the sphere does the common
part of the two spheres constitute?
1116. A circular sector with an angle of 120° and
radius R rotates about the medium radius. Find the
volume of the solid of revolution.
1117. A circular sector with an angle of 90° and area
amounting to 157 cm 1 revolves about a straight line
passing through the centre of the corresponding circle
perpendicular to the medium radius of this sector. Find
the volume of the solid of revolution thus generated.
1118. A line segment AB 16 cm long is divided by
a point e into two parts which are to each other as 1 to 3.
Constructed on each of the segmenta AB, Ae and Be
as on the diameters are semicircles lying on one side of
the segment AB. The figure bounded by the three semi-
circles revolves about the axis AB. Find the volume of
the solid of revolution.
1119. Prove that the volume of a solid generated by
revolving a segment of a circle with the chord a about
the diameter parallel to this chord is independent of the
radius of the circle.
1120. Constructed on the base Ae of an isosceles
triangle ABe whose altitude BO is equal to the base Ae
are a semicircle and a tangent line DI¡ parallel to A e.
Prove that the solids generated by revolving the trape-
zium ADEC and the semicircle about the axis AB are
equal to each other.
1121. The surface area of a spherical segment is equal
to S. Find the volume of the segment if the radius of the
sphere is equal to R.
1122. Determine what part of the volume of the sphere
is constituted by the volume of a spherical sector whose
spherical and conic surfaces are equal to each other.
1123. The radius of a sphere is equal to 5 cm. At what
distance from the centre should a section be drawn so
that the volume and surface of the smaller segment are
expressed by equal numbers?
CH. VII. THE SPHERE 159

38. Inscribed and Circumscribed Spheres

1124. 1. Is iÍ possible to circumscribe a spherical
surface about an oblique prism?
2. At what condition is it possible to circumscribe
a sphere about a right prism?
3. At what condition will the centre of a sphere circum-
scribed about a right triangular prism be situated on one
of the faces of the prism?
1125. 1. Is it possible to inscribe a sphere in a cube,
in a rectangular parallelepiped?
2. At what condition is it possiiHe to inscribe a sphere
in a right or oblique parallelepiped?
3. At what condition is it possible to inscribe a sphere
in a right triangular prism?
1126. 1. About what pyramid is it possible to circum-
scribe a sphere? How are the centre and the radius of
the sphere found?
2. Prove that if a pyramid is a right one, then a sphere
can be circumscribed about and inscribed in it.
1127. 1. Is it possible to circumscribe a spherical
surface about any right circular cylinder?
2. At what condition a sphere can be inscribed in
a right circular cylinder?
3. Prove that a sphere can be inscribed in and circum-
scribed about any right circular cone.
1128. 1. The edge of a cube is equal to a. Find the
radii of the inscribed and circumscribed spheres.
2. The radius of a sphere is equal to R. Find the edges
of the inscribed and circumscribed cubes.
1129. A sphere is tangent to. all the edges of a cube.
The radius of the spher-e is equal to R. Find the area
of the portion of the sphere contained inside the cube.
1130. The radius of a sphere is equal to 18 dm. A regu-
lar quadrangular prism whose altitude is equal to 28 dm
is inscribed in the sphere. Find the surface area of this
prism.
1131. A sphere of radius R can be inscribed in a right
parallelepiped the acute angle of whose base is equal
to 45°. Find the volume of the parallelepiped.
160 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

1132. A sphere of radius 2 m is circumscribed about

a regular triangular prism. The side of its base is equal
to 3 m. Find the volume of the prism.
1133. A regular prism is cir.cumscribed about a sphere
whose radius is R. Find the surface area and volume of
the prism. Consider a: (1) triangular, (2) quadrangular
and (3) hexagonal prism.
1134. A regular hexagonal prism is circumscribed
about a sphere. Determine the volume of the prism if
its altitude is equal to h.
1135. A regular triangular prism is inscribed in a sphere
whose radius is equal to 14 cm. The diagonal of its late-
ral face is 26 cm long. Find the lateral surface of this
prism.
1136. A regular prism is circumscribed about a sphere,
and another sphere is circumscribed about this prism.
Find the ratio of the surface areas of the spheres if the
prism is: (a) triangular, (b) quadrangular, (e) hexagonal.
1137. The si de of the base of a regular n-gonal pyramid
is equal to a, the altitude is also equal to a. Find the
radii of the inscribed and circumscribed spheres if:
(1) n = 3, (2) n = 4, (3) n = 6.
1138. (1) In a regular triangular pyramid the altitude
is equal to h and the lateral edge to b. Find the radii of
the inscribed and circumscribed spheres. (2) The same
condition for a regular quadrangular pyramid. (3) The
same condition for a regular hexagonal pyramid.
1139. Given the edge a of a regular octahedron deter~
mine the radii of the inscribed and circumscribed spheres.
1140. In a regular pyramid the altitude is equal to h,
and the radius of the circle circumscribed about the
base to r. At what ratio of h and r the centre of the cir-
cumscribed sphere lies: (1) inside the pyramid, (2) on
its base, (3) outside the pyramid.
1141. In a given pyramid each of the lateral edges is
equal to 18 cm, and the altitude to 10 cm. Determine
the radius of the circumscribed sphere.
1142. In a regular quadrangular pyramid the side of
the base is equal to a, and the plane angle at th_e vertex
CH. VII. THE SPHERE f6f

to 60°. Determine the surface area of the sphere inscribed

in the pyramid.
1143. The side of the base of a regular triangular
pyramid is equal to a, and the lateral edges are mutually
perpendicular. Find the radius of the circumscribed
sphere.
1144. The base of a regular pyramid is a triangle whose
side is equal to 15 dm. One of the lateral edges is equal
to 10 dm and perpendicular to the base. Find the radius
of the circumscribed sphere.
1145. A sphere toucbes all the sides of the base of a
regular triangular pyramid and all its lateral faces. Find
the volume of the portion of the sphere contained inside
the pyramid if the altitude of the pyramid is equal to
3 dm, and the dibedral angle at the base to 60°.
1146. Prove that the volum~ of a circumscribed pyramid
is equal to one third the product of the surface area of
the pyramid by the radius of the sphere.
1147. A sphere is inscribed in a regular quadrangular
pyramid whose altitude is equal to 24 dm and the side
of the base to 14 dm. Determine the volume of the sphere.
1148. The side of tbe base of a regular quadrangular
pyramid is equal to a, and tbe dibedral angle at the base
to 60°. Find tbe surface area of the insphere.
1149. In a regular triangular pyramid each of tbe
lateral edges is equal to b and inclined to the base at
an angle of 30°. Find the surface area of the circumscribed
sphere.
1150. The slant height of a regular quadrangular
truncated pyramid circumscribed about a sphere is equal
to a. Find the area of the lateral surface of the pyramid.
1151. A regular quadrangular truncated pyramid in
which the dihedral angle at the base is equal to 60° is
eircumscribed about a sphere of radius R. Determine
the total surface area of the pyrainid.
1152. In a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid
the sides of the base are equal to 6 m and 8 m, and the
altitude to 14 m. Find the radius of the circumscribed
sphere.
162 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

1153. 1. A sphere is circumscribed about an equilateral

cylinder. Find the ratios of their volumes and surface
areas.
2. A cylinder is circumscribed about a sphere. Find
the ratios of their surface areas and volumes.
1154. Inscribed in a sphere of radius R is a cylinder,
the diagonal of the axial section of which is inclinad
to the base at an angle of 30°. Find the volume of the
cylinder.
1155. The diameter of the circle of a cylinder inscribed
in a sphere divides the great circle in the ratio of 1 to 2.
Find the surface area and volume of the cylinder if the
radius of the sphere is equal to R.
1156. Find the ratio of the volumes of an equilateral
cone and a sphere inscribed in (circumscribed about) it.
1157. The generator of an equilateral cone is eql,lal
to l. Determine the surface areas and volumes of the
inscribed and circumscribed spheres.
1158. An equilateral cone is inscribed in a sphere of
radius 6 m. Find the total surface area and volume of
the cone.
1159. The altitude of a cone is equal to h, the genera-
tor to l. Find the radii of the inscribed and circumscribed
spheres.
1160. The altitude of a cone is equal to half the dia-
meter of the sphere circumscribed about it. How many
times is the volume of the sphere greater than that of
the cone?
1161. lf a cone is ~ircumscribed about a sphere and
the altitude of the cone is twice the diameter of the sphe-
re, then the volume and the total surface area of the
cone is twice the volume and the surface area of the
sphere. Check this.
1162. The altitude of a cone is equal to 40 cm, and the
generator to 50 cm. Find the radius of the inscribed
hemisphere whose base lies on the base of the cone.
1163. A sphere is inscribed in an equilateral cone whose
volume is equal to V. The plane passing through the
CH. VII. THE SPHERE 163

circle of tangency divides the sphere mto two segments.

Find the volume of each segment.
1164. A sphere is inscribed in a truncated cone, the
radii of the base circles of which are equal to 9 cm and
25 cm. Determine the surface area and volume of the
sphere.
1165. The radii of the base circles of a truncated cone
are equal to 9 m and 12 m, the altitude to 21 m. Find
the radius of the circumscribed sphere.
1166. Determine the total surface area and volume of
a truncated cone circumscribed about a sphere if the
generator is equal to 26 cm, and the radius of the sphere
to 12 cm.
1167. The surface area of a sphere is equal toS. Circum-
scribed about the sphere is a truncated cone whose gene-
rator is 'inclinad to the base at an angle of 60°. Find
the lateral surface of the truncated cone.
1168. Prove that if it is possible to inscribe a sphere
in a truncated cone whose generator is inclinad to the
base at an angle of 45°, then the lateral surface of the
cone is twice the surface area of the sphere.
1169. Inscribed in a spherical sector are two mutually
tangent spheres whose radii are equal to 2 dm and 6 dm.
Find the radius of the sphere.
1170. The total surface area of a spherical segment is
three times greater than the surface area of the sphere
inscribed in it. Determine the altitude of the segment
if the radius of its spherical surface is equal to R.
1171. An equilateral cone is inscribed in a spherical
sector with an angle in the axial section equal to 90°.
The vertex of the cone is found on the spherical surface
of the sector-, and the base of the cone rests against the
conical surface of the sector. Find the ratio of the volumes
of the cone and sector.
 CHAPTER VIII

APPLYING TRIGONOMETRY
TO SOLVING
GEOMETRIC PROBLEMS

39. Polyhedrons
1172. Find the sides of the base of a rectangular paral-
lelepiped if its altitude is equal to H, and a and p are
the angles at which the diagonal of the parallelepiped
and the diagonal of the lateral face are inclined to the
base.
1173. The base of a rectangular parallelepiped is
a square with the side a. The diagonal of the parallelepi-
ped is inclined to the base at an angle of a. Find the
area of the section passing through the diagonal of the
parallelepiped and mid-points of two opposite lateral
edges.
· 1174. The base of a right prism is a rhombus with an
acute angle a. At what angle to the base must a cutting
plane be drawn to obtain in section a square with the
vertices lying on the lateral edges?
1175. The angles formed by the diagonal of a rectangu-
lar parallelepiped with its edges emanatmg from the
same vertex are equal toa, p and y. Prove that cos 2 a +
+ +
cos 2 p cos 2 y = 1. Computa the angle y if a =
= 41 °10' and p = 59°20'.
1176. The diagonal of a rectangular parallelepiped
forms with the faces angles a, p and y. Prove that: (1)
+
sin 2 a+ sin 2 p sin 2 y = 1, (2) cos 2 a + cos 2 p+
+ cos 2 y= 2.
CH. VIII. TRIGONOMETRY IN GEOMETRIC PROBLEMS f65

1177. In a regular triangular prism the perpendicular

dropped from a vertex of the base to the opposite side
of the other base is equal to d and inclinad to the base
at an angle ~. Find the side of the base of the prism.
1178. Drawn through a side of the base and the mid-
point of the opposite lateral edge of a regular triangular
prism is a section whose area is equal to Q and the angle
at the vertex to a. Find the altitude of the prism.
1179. Through a si de of the base of a regular triangular
prism a plane is drawn to obtain a triangular section.
The perimeter of the triangle is twice as long as the peri-
meter of the base of the prism. Find the angle between
the cutting plane and the base of the prism.
1180. The base of a right triangular prism is an isosce-
les triangle with a,n angle of 120°. A pJane is drawn
through the base of this triangle and the opposite vertex
of the upper base. The section of the prism is turnad out
to be a right-angled triangle. Find the angle of inclina-
tion of the cutting plane to the base.
1181. The base of a right prism is an isosceles trapezium
with an acute angle ~ and lateral sirle a equal to the
smaller base. Finrl the area of the diagonal section of
the prism if the diagonal of the prism is inclinad to the
base at an angle of ~ .
1182. The base of an inclinad prism is an isosceles
triangle whose altitude is H. Each of the lateral edges
of the prism is also equal to H, one of them forming an
angle a with each of the adjacent sides of the base. Find
the altitude of the prism.
1183. In a regular pyramid the plane angle at the
vertex is equal to ~. Compute the angle of inclination
of the lateral face to the base of the pyramid at n = 4
aml a = 72°34'.
1184. In a regular pyramid the lateral edge is inclinad
to the base at an angle ~. Find the dihedral angle at
the base of the pyramid.
1185. In a regular pyramid the dihedral angle at the
base is equal to ~. Compute the angle of inclination of
f66 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

the lateral edge to the base of the pyramid at n = 6 and

a= 63°26'.
1186. Determine the angle between two altitudes drawn
from two vertices of a regular tetrahedron to the opposite
faces. ·
1187. In a regular quadrangular pyramid the lateral
edge is inclinad to the base at an angle a. Determine the
dihedral angle at the lateral edge.
1188. The areas of the lower and upper bases and late-
ral surface of a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid
are as m : n :p. Find the angle between the lateral face
and the lower base.
1189. In a regular quadrangular pyramid the angle
between the opposite lateral edges is equal to a. Determine
the plane angle at the vertex at a = 50°28'.
1190. From a point situated ata distance h from aplane
two straight lines are drawn at an angle a to the plane,
their projections forming an angle ~· Determine the
distance between the feet of the inclinad lines.
1191. A rectangle ABCD with the sides AB = a and
BC = b (a< b) is projected on a plane passing through
the side AB. Find the angle of inclination of the plane
of projection to the plane of the rectangle if the projec-
tion obtained is a square.
1192. In a trihedral angle two plane angles are equal
to each other, the third one being equal to a. Determine
each of the two equal plane angles if the dihedral angle
between them is a right one.
1193. Determine the radius of the circle inscribed in
the base of a regular quadrangular pyramid whose edge
forms an angle a with the altitude, and the volume is
equal to V.
1194. In a regular triangular pyramid the lateral edge
is equa~ to a and forros an angle a with the altitude.
A section is drawn through a side of the base perpendi-
cular to the opposite lateral edge. Find the area of the
section.
1195. In a regular triangular pyramid the side of the
base is equal to a and the lateral edge is inclinad to the
CH. VIII. TRIGONOMETRY IN GEOMETRIC PROBLEMS 1.67

base at an ang~e a.. Through the centre of the base a plane

is drawn parallel to two non-intersecting edges of the
pyramid. Compute the area of the section at a = 8.4 dm
an d a. = 62 °17'.
1196. In a regular quadrangular pyramid the side of
the base is equal to a, and the angle between the altitude
and lateral edge to a.. Through a point, dividing the
side of the base in the ratio of 1 to 3, a plane is drawn
perpendicular to the base of the pyramid and parallel
to the side of the base. Find the area of the section.
1197. In a regular quadrangular pyramid the lateral
edge is equal to b and inclinad to the base at an angle a..
Find the area of the section passing through the diagonal
of the base of the pyramid parallel to the lateral
edge.
1198. The altitude of a regular quadrangular pyramid
is equal to H. Drawn through a diagonal of the base of
the pyramid and the mid-point of the opposite edge is
a section which forros an angle a. with the diagonal plane
passing through the same diagonal of the base. Find
the area of the section at H = 12.4 cm and a = 51 °43'.
1199. Through a si de of the base of a regular quadrangu-
lar pyramid a section is drawn perpendicular to the
opposite lateral face. Determine the area of the section
if the side of the base of the pyramid is equal to a and
the section is inclinad to the base at an angle a..
1200. The base of a pyramid is a rhombus and 1ts
vertex is projected in the point of intersection of the
diagonals of the base. Construct the section of the pyramid
by a plane passing through the smaller diagonal of the
rhombus parallel to the lateral edge of the pyramid.
Find the area of the section if the side of the rhombus
is equal to a, its acute angle to ex, and the greater lateral
edge of the pyramid is inclinad to the base at an angle ~-
1201. The diagonal of a regular quadrangular trunca-
ted pyramid is twice the length of the diagonal of
the smaller base equal to d and is inclined to the
greater base atan angle a.. Find the area of the diagonal
section.
168 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

1202. The base of the pyramid is an isosceles triangle

with the lateral side b and the angle at the base a. The
lateral edge is inclinad to the base at an angle ~· Find
the altitude of the pyramid.
1203. The base of a right prism is an isosceles triangle
with the base a and the angle at the vertex a. Through
a givén side of the base a section is drawn which forms
a dihedral angle a with the base of the prism. Determine
the radius of the sphere inscribed in the pyramid thus
obtained.
1204. In a regular triangular truncated pyramid the
dihedral angle formad by the greater base and lateral
face is equal to cp, and the sides of the bases are equal
to a and b. Find the altitude of the pyramid.

40. Round Solids

1205. The diagonal of a rectangle equal to d is inclinad
to the base at an angle a. The rectangle is bent to form
a cylinder. Find the radius of the base circle of the cylin-
der. (Consider two cases.)
1206. In an equilateral cylinder a point on the upper
base circle is joined to one of the points of the lower
base circle. The angle between the radii drawn to these
points is equal to 120°. Determine the angle between the
line segment connecting these points and the axis of the
cylinder.
1207. In an equilateral cylinder the radius of the base
of which is equal to R cm a point of the upper base circle
is joined to a point of the lower base circle. The straight
line passing through these points is d cm distant from
the axis of the cylinder. Determine the anglas of inclina-
tion of this straight line to the bases of the cylinder if
R = 15 and d = 12.
1208. In a cylinder a section is drawn parallel to the
axis which cuts off the lower base circle an are equal toa.
The line segment joining the centre of the upper base
circle to the mid-point of the chord subtending the are a
is equal t<1 m and inclinad to the base at an angle a.
Find the area of the section.
CH. VIII. TRIGONOMETRY IN GEOMETRIC PROBLEMS 169

1209. Constructed in a cylinder is an isosceles triangle

ABC (AB = BC), and AC is the diameter of the lower
base circle, and B is a point lying on the upper base
circle¡ the angle ABC is equal to a and the altitude of
the cylinder to h. Find the radius of the base circle of
the cylinder.
1210. The section of a cylinder by a plane parallel
to its altitude is a square and is situated at a distance d
from its axis. The cutting plane cuts an are a off the
base circle. Find the area of the section if d = 9.5 cm
and a = 152°30'.
1211. Drawn in the base circle of a cylinder is a. chord
AB subtending an are of 90°. The end-points of the chord
are joined to the centre O of the other base circle. The
area of the triangle AOB thus obtained is equal to Q
and its plane is inclinad to the base of the cylinder at
an angle a. Find the radius of the base circle and altitude
of the. cylinder.
(

1212. A tangent line is drawn to a cylinder at an angle a

to its elements. Determine the distance between the
centre of the lower base circle and this line if its distance
from the point of tangency is equal to d and the radius
of the base circle to R.
1213. The altitude of a cone is equal to H, and the
angle between the altitude and generator to a. Find
the area of the section drawn through two elements,
the angle between which is equal to ~-
1214. The generator of an equilateral cone is equal
to L. Find the area of the section drawn through two
elements if the angle of inclination of the cutting plane
to the base is equal to a.
1215. The area of the lateral surface of a cone is four
times the area of the base circle. Find the angle at which
the generator is inclinad to the base.
1216. The maximum angle between the elements of
a cone is equal to a. Find the ratio of the total surface
area of the cone to its lateral surface area.
1217. Two elements of a cone and a chord of the base
circle form an isosceles triangle with the angle at the
170 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

vertex a and area Q. The plan e of the triangle is incli-

nad to the base at an angle p. Find the altitude of the
con e.
1218. The radius of the base circle of a cone is equal
to R, and the generator is inclinad to the base atan angle
a. In this cone a plane is drawn through its vertex and
at an angle p to the base. Determine the area of the
section.
!219. Through the vertex of a cone a plane is drawn
which cuts an are a from the base circle. The angle at
the vertex of the section thus obtained is equal to p.
Find the angle of inclination of the section to the base
if a = 120° and p = 90°.
1220. The angle at the vertex of the axial section of
a cone is equal to a. Find the central angle of the deve-
lopment of its lateral surface.
1221. The central angle of the development of the
lateral surface of a cone is equal to a. Find the angle
at the vertex of the axial section of the cone.
1222. Tangent to the lateral surface of a cone is a
straight line forming an angle a with the element of
a cone passing through the point of tangency. The angle
of inclination of the generator to the base is equal to p.
The point of tangency is located at a distance d from
the plane of the base. Find the segment of the tangent
line as measured from the point of tangency to the point
of intersection with the base of the cone.
1223. In a truncated cone, the radii of the base circles
of which are equal to R and r, a plane is drawn at an
angle p to the base. This plane cuts an are a from each
base circle. Determine the area of the section.
1224. In a truncated cone, the radii of the base circles
of which are R and r, a plane is drawn at an angle a
to the base, the area of the section which does not inter-
sect the axis of the con e is equal to Q. Determine the
length of each of the ares cut o.ff by this plane from the
base circles.
1225. Through two elements of a truncated cone contain-
ing an angle a a plane is drawn which intersects the
CH. VIII. TRIGONOMETRY IN GEOMETRIC PROBLEMS t7t

base circles of the cone along the chords equal to a and b

(a > b). Determine the area of the section.
1226. The altitude of a truncated cone is equal to h;
the generator is inclined to the lower base at an angle a
and forros an angle p with the straight line passing
through its upper end-point and the lower end-point of
the opposite element. Determine the area of the axial
section of this cone.
1227. Ins~ribed in a sphere with a surface area S is
a cylinder, the diagonal of the axial section of which is
inclined to the base at an angle a. Find the area of the
axial section of the cylinder.
1228. An equilateral cylinder is inscribed in a cone.
Find the altitude of the cylinder if the altitude of the
cone is h and the angle at the vertex of the axial section
is equal to 2a.
1229. The radius of the base circle of a cone is equal
to R, and the generator is inclined to the base at an
angle a. A sphere is inscribed in the cone. Find the
distance between the vertex of the cone and the plane
of the circle along which the spherical surface contacts
the lateral surface of the cone.
1230. Circumscribed about a cone is a sphere, the
area of the great circle of which is equal to Q, anda sphe-
re is inscribed in a cone. Find the distance between the
centres of the spherical surfaces if the generator of the
cone is inclined to the base at an angle a.
1231. Circumscribed about a sphere is a truncated
cone, whose generator is inclined to the greater base at
an angle a. The length of the circumference of tangency
is equal to C. Find the surface area of the sphere.
1232. In a truncated cone the radii of the base circles
are equal to R and r, and the generator is inclined to the
greater base at an angle a. Find the radius of the sphere
circumscribed about the truncated cone.
1233. Given a spherical segm.ent. Drawn through a
point dividing the altitude of the segment in the ratio
of 1 to 4 and perpendicular to it is a section, whose area
172 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

is equal to one fourth the area of the base of the segment.

Determine the are of the axial section of the segment.
1234. The angle of the axial section of a spherical
sector is equal toa. In what ratio is the area of the conical
surface of the sector divided by the plane drawn through
the mid-point of the medium radius and perpendicular
to it. Analyse the formula of the ratio. Compute it at
a = 45°, 60°, 90°, 120°.

41. Areas and Volumes of Prisms

1235. The base of a rectangular parallelepiped is

a square with the side a. The diagonal of the parallelepi-
ped forms an angle a with the lateral face. Find the
volume and lateral surface of the parallelepiped.
1236. The diagonal of a rectangular parallelepiped is
inclinad to the base at an angle a. The sides of the bases
are equal to a and b. Determine the volume of the paralle-
lepiped.
1237. In a rectangular parallelepiped the diagonal is
equal to d and inclinad to the base at an angle a. One of
the sides of the base forros with the diagonal of the base
an angle ~· Find the volume of the parallelepiped.
1238. The diagonal of a rectangular parallelepiped is
equal to d and forms an angle a with the base and an
angle ~ with the smaller lateral face. Determine the
volume of the parallelepiped.
1239. The area of the diagonal section of a rectangular
parallelepiped is equal to Q. The diagonal of the base
equal to d forms an angle a with the side of the base.
Determine the surface area and volume of the parallele-
piped.
1240. The side of the base of a regular quadrangular
prism is equal to a. From one vertex of the base diagonals
are drawn in two adjacent lateral faces. The angle between
the diagonals is equal to a. Compute the area of the
lateral surface of the prism at a = 25.3 cm and a =
= 80°16'.
CH. VIII. TlUGONOMETRY IN GEOMETRIC PROBLEMS 173

1241. The base of a rectangular parallelepiped is

a rhombus with an acute angle ~ and smaller diagonal d.
The greater diagonal of the parallelepiped is inclinad
to the base at an angle ~ . Find the total surface area
and volume of the parallelepiped.
1242. In a right parallelepiped the acute angle of the
base is equal to ~. one of the sides of the base to a; the
section drawn through the other side of this base and the
opposite side of the other base has an area Q and is incli-
nad to the base at an angle p. Determine the volume
of the parallelepiped and compute it at a = 12.3 cm,
Q = 203.8 cm 2 , ~ = 48°25', p = 63°26'.
1243. Find the volume of a right quadrangular prism
whose diagonal is equal to d and inclinad to the base at
an angle ~. and the acute angle between the diagonals
of the rectangular base is equal to p.
1244. The diagonal of the lateral face of a regular
quadrangular prism is equal to d and forros an angle ~
with the diagonal of the prism. Determine the area of
the lateral surface of the prism.
1245. In a regular quadrangular prism the diagonal
is equal to d and forros an angle ~ with the lateral edge.
Determine the volume of the prism.
1246. In a rectangular parallelepiped the lateral edge
is equal to H and forros an angle ~ with the diagonal of
the parallelepiped. The angle between the diagonal and
the side of the base of the parallelepiped is equal to ~·
Determine the volume _of the parallelepiped.
1247. The area of the diagonal section of a rectangular
parallelepiped amounts to Q, and the diagonal of the
base is equal to d and forros an angle ~ with the side of
the base. Determine the volume of the parallelepiped
and compute it at Q = 244.6 cm 2 , d = 30.2 cm and
ct = 63°26'.
1248. In a regular triangular prism the diagonal of
the lateral face is equal to d and forros an angle ~ with
the plane of the base. Determine the volume of the prism.
174 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

1249 • .In a regular triangular prism ABCA 1B 1C1 the

side of the base is equal to a. Through the vertex B 1
and mid-points of the edges AB and AC straight lines
are drawn, the angle between which is equal toa. Deter-
mine the volume of the prism.
1250. In a regular hexagonal prism the diagonal join-
ing the opposite vertices of two bases is equal to d and
forma an angle a with the base of the prism. Determine
the volume and area of the lateral surface of the prism
and compute it at d = 0.38 m and a = 73°16'.
1251. In a regular triangular prism the diagonal of the
lateral face is equal to d and forms an angle a with the
diagonal of the other lateral face. Determine the area
of the lateral surface of the prism and compute it at
d = 28.5 dm and a = 50°22'.
1252. The base of a right parallelepiped is a rhombus
with the side a and an acute angle ex. The greater diagonal
is inclinad to the base at an angle 1- . Determine the
volume of the parallelepiped and compute it at a =
=-0.83 m and a= 72°20'. :
1253. In a regular triangular prism a plane is drawn
through a side of the lower base and the opposite vertex
of the upper base. The angle between this plane and the
base of the prism· is equal to ex, and the area of the section
to Q Determine the volume of the prism.
1254. Drawn through one of the vertices in a regular
triangular prism is a section, which divides the opposite
lateral face into two congruent rectangles. The area of
the section is equal t..o Q, and it is inclinad to the base
of the prism at an angle ex. Find the area of the lateral
surface and volume of the prism.
1255. In a regular triangular prism the diagonals of
the lateral face intersect at an angle a and each of
them is equal to d. Determine the area of the lateral
surface and volume of the prism.
1256. The altitude of a right prism is equal to h; its
base is a right-angled trapezium (with an acute angle ex)
circumscribed abóut a circle of radius r. Find the volume
of the prism.
 CH. VIII. TRIGONOMETRY IN GEOMETRIC PROBLEMS f75

1257. The base of a right prism is a right-angled tri-

angle with an acute angle a. The diagonal of the greater
lateral face is equal to d and inclined to the base at an
angle p. Determine the volume of the prism and the area
of the lateral surface and compute it at d = 8.3 dm,
a = 81 °19' and p = 58°53'. ~
1258. The base of a right prism is a right-angled triangle
with an acute angle a. The area of the greater lateral
face is equal to Q. Determine the area of the lateral
surface of this prism.
1259. The base of a right prism is an isosceles triangle
whose perimeter is equal to 2p and the angle between
the equal sides to a. The perpendicular dropped from
the vertex of this angle to the opposite side of the other
base is inclined to the base at an angle p. Determine the
volume of the prism.
1260. A right prism whose base is a right-angled
Úiangle with the hypotenuse e and an acute angle a
is circumscribed about a sphere. Find the volume of the
prism.
1261. The base of an oblique parallelepiped is a rhom-
bus with the side a and an acute angle a. One of the
vertices of the upper base is projected in the point of
intersection of the diagonals of the lower base. Determine
the volume of the parallelepiped if the lateral faces are
inclinad to the base at an angle p. Compute it at a =
= 83 cm, a= 78°16', p = 64°49'.
1262. Determine the volume of a parallelepiped, in
which each of the edges is equal to a, and each of the
plane angles at one of the vertices is equal toa (a< 90°).
Compute it at a = 69°20' and a = 30.3 cm.
1263. The area of the base of an oblique prism is equal
to Q, and the lateral edge equal to b is inclined to the
base at an angle a. Find the volume of the prism.
1264. The base of an oblique prism is an equilateral
triangle. One of the vertices of the prism is projected
in the centre of the base. Determine the volume of the
prism if each of its lateral edges equal to b is inclined
to the base at an angle a.
176 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

1265. Two lateral faces of an oblique triangular prism

are congruent rhombuses with the side b and an acote
angle a. The angle of the base of the prism formad by
equal sides is also equal to a. Find the volume of the
prism.
1266. The base of a right prism is an isosceles triangle
with the base a and opposite angle a. The area of the
lateral surface of the prism is equal to the area of the
base. Find the volume of the prism.
1267. The base of a right prism is an isosceles trape-
zium with an acote angle a and the smaller base a equal
to the lateral side. The diagonal of the prism is inclinad
to the base at an angle ~ . Determine the volume of the
prism.
1268. In an oblique parallelepiped one of the diagonal
sections is perpendicular to the base, the smaller diagonal
is equal to the lateral edge of the parallelepiped, and
the acute angle of the section is equal to a. The base of
the parallelepiped is a rectangle with the smaller side a
and acote angle between the diagonals 2a. Find the
volume of the parallelepiped.
1269. lnscribed in a sphere of radios R is a regular
quadrangular prism whose diagonal is inclinad to the
base at an angle a. Determine the area of the lateral
surface and the volume of the prism.

42. Areas and Volumes of Pyramids

1270. In a regular triangular pyramid the lateral edge
is equal to b and forms an angle a with the side of the
base. Determine· the area of the lateral surface of the
pyramid. ·
1271. In a regular triangular pyramid the lateral edge
is equal to b and inclinad to the base at an angle a.
Determine the volume of the pyramid.
1272. In a regular triangular pyramid the slant height
is equal to m, and the lateral face is inclinad to the base
at an angle a. Determine the volume of the pyramid.
CH. VIII. TRIGONOMETRY IN GEOMETRIC PROBLEMS 177

1273. In a regular triangular pyramid the radius of

the circle circumscribed about its base is equal to R.
The slant height is inclinad to the base at an angle a..
Determine the total surface area of the pyramid.
1274. In a regular triangular pyramid the lateral edge
is inclinad to the altitude at an angle a.. The radius of
the incircle is equal to r. Determine the volume of the
pyramid.
1275. In a regular quadrangular pyramid the lateral
edge is equal to b, and the plane angle at the vertex toa..
Determine the total surface area of the pyramid and
compute it at b = 0.72 m and a. = 48°52'.
1276. In a regular quadrangular pyramid the slant
height is equal to m. The lateral edge is inclinad to the
plane at an angle a.. Determine the total surface area of
~~amW. .
1277. The altitude of a regular quadrangular pyramid
is equal to H, and the plane angle at the vertex to a..
Determine the volume of the pyramid.
1278. _The lateral edge of a regular quadrangular
pyramid is equal to l, and the dihedral angle at the base
toa.. Find the volume and tota] surface area of the pyra-
mid.
1279. The base of ·a pyramid is a triangle whose parí-
meter is equal to P, and the dihedral angle at the base
to a.. Determine the volume of the pyramid.
1280. In a regular n-gonal pyramid the slant height
is equal to m, and the dihedral angle at the base to a..
Find the total surface area and volume of the pyramid.
1281. The area of the total surface of a regular quad-
rangular pyramid is equal to Q, and the dihedral angle
at the base to cp. Find the volume of the pyramid.
1282. The volume of a regular quadrangular pyramid
is equal to V. Find the si de of the base of the pyramid
if the angle between the lateral edge and the altitude
is equal to a..
1283. A sphere of radius R is inscribed in a regular
quadrangular pyramid. The dihedral angle at the base
178 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

of the pyramid is equal to a. Find the area of the lateral

surface and the volume of the pyramid.
1284. In a reguiar triangular pyramid a perpendicular
equal to p is dropped from the foot of the altitude to
a lateral face. The plane angle at the vertex is equal
to a. Find the volume of the pyramid.
1285. The base of a pyramid is a right-angled triangle.
The lateral edge of the pyramid passing through the
vertex of the right angle of this triangle is equal to l
and perpendicular to the base. Two other lateral edges
of the pyramid are inclined to the base at angles a and ~.
Determine the volume of the pyramid.
1286. The base of a pyramid is a right-augled triangle
in which one of the acute angles is equal to a. Each of
the lateral edges of the pyramid is equal to b and inclined
to the base atan angle ~. I<'ind the volume ofthe pyramid.
1287. The base of a pyramid is a right-angled triangle
ABC, in which the side BC = a and the angle A is
equal to a. The lateral faces of tbe pyramid passing
through the sides AC and BC, containing the right angle
are perpendicular to the base, the third lateral face
being inclined to the base atan angle ~· Find the volume
of the pyramid.
1288. The base of a pyramid is a right-angled triangle,
in which one of the acute angles is equal toa. Inscribed
in the pyramid is a cone, the radius of the base circle
of which is equal to R, and the generator is inclined to the
base at an angle ~· Find the volume of the pyramid.
1289. The base of a pyramid is a right-angled triangle.
Each lateral edge is equal to l and inclined to the base
at an angle a. The lateral face of the pyramid passing
through one of the sides containing the right angle forms
a dihedral angle ~ with the base. Find the volume of the
pyramid.
1290. The base of a pyramid is an isosceles triangle
with the lateral side b and plane angle a at the vertex.
Each of the lateral edges is also equal to b. Find the
volume of the pyramid.
CH. VIII. TRlGONOMETRY IN GEOMETRIC PROBLEMS 179

1291. The base of a pyramid is an isosceles triangle,

in which the angle at the vertex is equal to ~' and the
base to b. The lateral faces are inclinad to the base at
an angle ~. Find the total surface area of the pyra-
mid.
1292. The base of a pyramid is a triangle with anglas ~
and ~; each of the lateral edges is equal to b and forms
an angle y with the altitude. Determine the volume of
the pyramid.
1293. In a triangular pyramid two of the lateral faces
are isosceles right-angled triangles, whose hypotenuses
are equal to e (each) and form an angle ~. Determine
the volume of the pyramid.
1294. The base of a pyramid is a rhombus with the
side a. Two of the lateral faces of the pyramid are per-
pendicular to the base and form an obtusa angle ~; two
others are inclinad to the base at an angle ~. Find the
area of the lateral surface of the pyramid.
1295. The base of the pyramid is a rhombus. Two
lateral faces of the pyramid forming· an obtusa angle ~
are perpendicular to the base, and two others are incli-
nad to the base at an angle ~. The distance between the
vertex of the obtusa angle of the base of the pyramid
and the plane of the mclined face is equal to d. Find
the area of the lateral surface of the pyramid.
1296. From a regular quaqrangular pyramid with the
side of the base a and the plane angle at the vertex ~
a triangular pyramid is cut off by a plane passing through
a diagonal of the base of the given quadrangular pyramid
and parallel to its lateral edge. Determine the volume
of the cut-off pyramid. Compute it at a = 7.81 dm and
~ = 63°17'. •
1297. The base of a pyramid is a rhombus whose grea-
ter diagonal is equal to d, and the acute angle to ~.
Each lateral face is inclinad to the base at an angle ~·
Finrl the total surface area of the pyramid.
1298. The base of a pyramid is a parallelogram whose
diagonals intersect at an angle ~. The altitude of the
pyramid passes through the point of intersection of the
180 PROBLEMS IN GEOME'rRY

diagonals of the base and is equal to H. The lateral

edges are equal to b and e. Find the volume of the pyramid.
1299. The base of a pyramid is a square. Two opposite
lateral faces of the pyramid are isosceles triangles whose
planes form dihedral angles ~ and ~ with the base. The
projection of the vertex of the pyramid on the plane of
the base is found outside the base of the pyramid at a
distance m from the nearest side. Find the volume of the
pyramid.
1300. The base of a pyramid is a square. Two lateral
faces of the pyramid are perpendicular to its base, and
two others form an angle ~ with the base. A cube is
inscribed in the pyramid so that four of its vertices lie
on the lateral edges of the pyramid, and four others
on the base of the pyramid. Find the area of the lateral
surface of the pyramid if the edge of the cube is equal toa.
1301. In a regular quadrangular pyramid the altitude
is equal to H and forms an angle cp with the lateral face.
Drawn through one of the sides of the base is a cutting
plane perpendicular to the opposite face. Find the volume
of the pyramid cut by this plane from the given pyramid.
1302. The lateral edges of a regular triangular trunca-
ted pyramid are inclined to the plane of the greater base
at an angle ~. and the sides of the bases are equal to a
and b (a > b). Find the volume of this truncated pyra-
mid.
1303. In a regular quadrangular truncated pyramid the
side of the greater base and the slant height are equal
toa (each). The section of the pyramid by aplane passing
through a side of the greater base perpendicular to the
lateral face forms a dihedral angle ~ with the plane of
the greater base. Determine the area of the lateral surface
of the pyramid and compute it ata = 82.5 cm,~ = 18°28'
1304. The lateral edge of a regular quadrangular
truncated pyramid is inclined to the side of the greater
base at an angle cp. Find the volume of the pyramid if
the sides of its bases are equal to a and b.
1305. Inscribed in a regular triangular truncated
pyramid is a sphere of radius R. Find the area of the
CH. VIII. TRIGONOMETRY IN GEOMETRIC PROBLEMS t8t

lateral surface of the truncated pyramid if the dihedral

angle at the greater base is equal to a.
1306. The area of the lateral surface of a regular quadr-
angular truncated pyramid is equal to Q. Find the volume
of the pyramid if the areas of its bases are as 1 : 2, and
the lateral face is inclinad to the greater base atan anglea.
1307. Inscribed in a sphere is a pyramid, whose base
is a right-angled triangle with the hypotenuse e and a.n
acute angle a. The lateral edges are equal to one another
and are inclinad to the base at an angle p. Find the
volume of the pyramid.

43. Areas and Volumes of Round Solids

1308. 1. The diagonal of the axial section of a cylinder
is equal to d, and forms an angle a with the base. Deter-
mine the volume and area of the lateral surface of the
cylinder and compute it at d = 10.3 dm, a = 71 °43'.
• 2. The area of the axial section of a cylinder is equal
to Q, the angle between this section and the axis of the
cylinder to a. Determine the volume of the cylinder and
compute it at Q = 478.6 cm 11 , a= 62°13'.
1309. The section of a cylinder by a plane parallel
to the axis of the cylinder represents a square. Determine
the surface area and volume of the cylinder if the section
cuts an are a from the base circle and is drawn at a distan-
ce d from the axis of the cylinder.
1310. The base of a riglit prism is a right-angled tri-
angla with an acute angle a and altitude h dropped to
the hypotenuse. Determine the volume of the cylinder
circumscribed about this prism if its generator is also
equal to h. Compute it at h = O. 7 m, a = 38°53'.
1311. A rectangular parallelepiped is inscribed in
a cylindel'. Find the area of the lateral surface of the
cylinder if it is known that the smaller side of the base
is equal toa, the acute dihedral angle between the diago-
nal planes to a, and the diagonal of the parallelepiped
forms an angle p with its greater lateral face.
1312. A pyramid is inscribed in a cylinder so that its
base is inscribed in the lower base of the cylinder, and
i82 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRT

the vertex' is found at the centre of the upper base of the

cylinder. The base of the pyramid is an isosceles triangle
with an angle p at the vertex. The lateral edges of the
pyramid are inclinad to the base at an angle a. Find the
volume of the pyramid if the radius of the base of the
cylinder is equal to R.
1313. Inscribed in a regular quadrangular pyramid is
a cylinder, in which the radius of the base circle is equal
to the gener,ator. Determine the volume of the cylinder
if the side of the base of the pyramid is equ~l to a, and
the dihedral angle at the base to a. Compute it at a =
= 28.3 cm, a= 15°,
1314. Determine the volume and surface area of a cone
given: (f) the generator l and maximum angle a between
two elements; (2) the area Q of the axial section and angle
a between the _generator and the base.
1315. The angle at the vertex of the axial section of
a con e is equal to a, and its perimeter to P. Find the
total surface area of the cone.
1316. Determine the total surface area of a cone if the
area of its base circle is equal to 1r.Q cm 1 , and the angle
between the generator and altitude to a. Compute· it at
Q = 428.6 cm 1 , a = 36°56'.
1317. Find the angle at the vertex of the axial section
of a cone if the area of the lateral surface of the cone is
equál to Q, and the total surface area to S.
1318. The axial section of a cone is an isosceles triangle,
in which the angle at the base is equal to a. The radius
of the circle inscribed in this triangle is equal to r.
Determine the volume of a cone and compute it at r =
= 9.2 dm, a = 70°14'.
1319. The difference between the generator and altitu-
de of a cone is equal to d, and the angle at the vertex of
the axial section of the cone to 2cz. Determine the volume
of the cone and compute it at d = 8.4 cm, a = 83°28'.
1320. Inscribed in the base of a cone is a square, whose
side is equal to a. The plane passing through the vertex
of the cone and one of the sides of this square cuts the
cone forming a triangle in the section with the angle cz
CH. VIII. TRIGONOMETRY IN GEOMETRIC PROBLEMB 183

at its vertex. Determine the volume of the cone and

compute it at a = 0.39 m and a = 72°32'.
1321. Find the volume of a cone if its total surface
area is equal to Q, and the angle at the vertex in the
axial section is equal to a.
1322. Through the vertex of a cone and at an angle a
to the base a plane is drawn cutting from the base circle
an are ~· Find the volume of the cone if this plane is d cm
distant from the centre of the base circle.
1323. A circular sector ABC is bent to form a cone.
Find the volume of the cone if the chord AC is equal
to a and the angle ABC to cz.
1324. A right-angled triangle with the hypotenuse e
and an acute angle a rotates about the hypotenuse.
Find the surface area and. volume of the solid oí revolu-
tion thus obtained.
1325. An isosceles triangle ABC, in which AB =
= BC = b a'nd LC = LA =a, rotates about a lateral
síde. Find the surface area and volume of the solid of
revolution.
1326. In an isosceles trapezium ABCD with an acute
angle ~ AB = CD and O is the mid-point of the greater
base AD. Find the volume of the solid generated by the
rotation of this trapezium about the greater base if OC =
= m and the angle BOC is equal to a.
1327. Constructed on a common base are two eones,
one inside the other, so that the distance between their
vertices is equal to d. Find the volume of the solid boun-
ded by conical surfaces of the eones if the angle at the
vertex of the axial section of the greater cone is equal
to a, and the smaller one to ~·
1328. The base of a right prism is an isosceles trape-
zium with an acute angle a. A cone is inscribed in the
prism so that its base is inscribed in the base of the prism,
and the vertex is found in the plane of the other base.
The radius of the base circle is equal to R, and the angle
at the vertex of the axial section of the cone is equal
to ~· Find the total surface area of the prism.
184 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

1329. In a regular quadrangular pyramid the side of

the base is equal to m, and the plane angle at the vertex
to ~- Find the volume of the cone circumscribed about
the pyramid.
1330. In a regular triangular pyramid the vertex of
the base is found at a distance d from the opposite lateral
face. Find the total surface area of the cone inscribed
in the given pyramid if the dihedral angle at the base
Qf the pyramid is equal to ~.
1331. Circumscribed about a cone is a pyramid, whose
base is a right-angled triangle. The radius of the base
circle of the con e is equal to r, the acute angle of the
triangle to ~. and the generator of the cone is inclined
to the base at an angle ~- Find the area of the lateral
surface of the pyramid.
1332. The radii of the base circles of a truncated cone
are as 1 : 2, and the generator l is inclined to the greater
base at an angle ~. Find the volume of the cone.
1333. In a truncated cone the diagonals of the axial
section are mutually perpendicular, and the generator
is inclined to the greater base at an angle ~ and equals l.
Find the surface area of the truncated cone.
1334. The generator of a truncated cone equal to l is
inclined to the lower base at an angle ~ and perpendicular
to the diagonal of the axial section. Determine the area
of the lateral surface of the cone.
1335. The generator of a truncated cone is equal to l
and inclined to the base at an angle ~; the ratio of the
areas of the base circles is equal to 9. Find the volume
of the truncated cone.
1336. Find the total surface area and volume of a
truncated cone if its generator l is inclinad to the greater
base at an angle ~. and the diagonals of the axial section
form also the angle ~.
1337. In a triangle ABC the angle A is an obtuse
one, and the angle C is equal to ~; the sides AC and BC
are equal toa and 2a, respectively. The triangle revolves
about an axis passing through the vertex C and perpendi-
cular to AG. Find the volume of the solid of revolution
CH. VIII. TRIGONOMETRY IN GEOMETRIC PROBLEMS 185

(the axis of revolution is contained in the plane of the

triangle ABC).
' 1338. 1. An isosceles triangle with the angle at the
base ~ and lateral side b revolves about an axis passing
through the end-point of the base perpendicular to it.
Find the volume of the solid of revolution.
2. Solve the same problem for the case, when the axis
of revolution passes through the end-point of the base
parallel to the lateral side.
1339. 1. A rhombus with the side a and an acute angle
~ revolves about an axis passing through the vertex of
the obtuse angle perpendicular to the smaller diagonal.
Find the volume and surface area of the solid of revolu-
tion.
2. Solve the same problem for the case when the axis
of revolution passes through the vertex of the acute
angle perpendicular to the side of the rhombus.
1340. A sector of a circle, whose radius is equal to R
and the angle at the vertex to ~. revolves about a diame-
ter, which does not intersect the are of the sector and
forros an angle ~ with the nearest radius; Find the volume
of the spherical sector obtained and the surface area of
the corresponding spherical zone.
1341. A segment of a circle of radius R, having an are
equal to ~. revolves about a diameter which does not
intersect the are of the segment and forms an angle ~
with the radius drawn to the nearest end-point of the are.
Find the surface area of the sólid generated by revolving
this segment. Compute it at R = 5.7 cm, ~ = 92°32',
~ = 16°58'.
1342. In a regular triangular pyramid the side of the
base is equal to a and the lateral edge is inclined to the
base at an angle ~. Find the volume of the circumscribed
sphere.
1343. The side of the base of a regular quadrangular
pyramid is equal to a, and the dihedral angle at the
base to ~X. Find the surface area of the insphere.
1344. A sphere is circumscribed about a regular quad-
rangular pyramid. Find the surface area of the sphere if
{86 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

the side of the base of the pyramid is equal to a and

the plane angle at the vertex of the pyramid to a.
1345. lnscribed in a sphere of radius R is a cylinder,
in which the diagonal of the axial section is inclinad
to the base at an angle a. Determine the volume of the
cylinder and compute it at R = 0.92 m, a = 78°12'.
1346. Circumscribed about a sphere of radius r is a
cone with an angle a at the vertex of the axial section.
Find the volume of the cone.
1347. A cone is inscribed in a sphere of radius R.
Find the volume of the cone if the angle at the vertex
of the axial section of the cone is equal to a.
1348. The altitude of a cone is equal to H, and the
generator is inclinad to the base at an angle a. Find the
surface area of the inspbere. Compute it at H = 24.2 cm,
a= 32°14'.
1349. Inscribed in a sphere, the area of the great circle
of which is equal to Q is a eone, whose generator is incli-
nad to the base at an angle a. Find the volume of tbe
sphere inscribed in this cone.
1350. Inscribed in a sphere is a eone with an angle a
at the vertex of the axial section. Find the totalsurface
area of the cone if the surface area of the sphere is equal
to Q. Compute it at Q = 304.6 cm 1 , a= 122°18'.
1351. A truncated cone is circumscribed about a sphere.
Find the area of the lateral surface and the volume of
this eone if the radius of the sphere is equal to r, and
the generator is inclinad to the base at an angle a.
1352. A truncated cone is inscribed in a sphere of
radius R, and an axial section is drawn. The bases of
the obtained trapezium subtend the ares a and ~ (a > ~)
of the great circle obtained in the section by this plane.
Find the area of the lateral surface of the cone. (The
are ~ is not superimposed on the are a.) '
 ANSWERS

·t. (b) AC and CD are incommensurable; AC and DB are com-

mensurable. 3. i. (a) (12; 0), (b) (10; 0), (e) (16; 0). 2. m n -+
llm

and m+
11n n. 4. (a) (5; 8), (b) ( 6; 9 t ) . 5. t. 1:50,000, 2. 1 km
3
· nh mh
960m. 6. 25 dm. 7. 2:1,3:2, H ~4. 8. 9m. 10. (1)--, (3)
m-n m n
-+
nh
and -+ .
m n
11. Not less than 9 km. 12. 33 m. 14. 11.25 cm and

29.25 cm. 15. 8 cm. 16.4 1~ cm. 17. 4 cm. 18. 24 cm; 12 cm VS
and 12 y3 cm. 19. 5 cm and 19 cm. 20. 9.6 cm; 7.2 cm and 5.4 cm.
21. 11; • 22. 12 cm. 25. Hint. It is required to.prove that the greater
side of the rectangle is the fourth proportional quantity, for the
base of the triangle, altitude and sum of the altitude and baH the
base. 27. 3. (a) e = 10, 11 = 8, llc = 6.4, h = 4.8; (b) h = 3,
e = 10, 11 = litO, b = "V9Q; (e) llc = 32, ·e = 144.5, b = 127 .5,
be = 112.5. 3Ó. 20 cm. 31. The construction is possible at 11 > b,
m1 9
.
1f b+ ,l:i:
y 11b > 11. 32. ñi". 33. 4cmand 4 v 3 cm:35.17 cm, 15 13 cm
,;-

7
and 6 13 cm. 36. 1. ~20.1 cm. 2. ~5.7-cm. 37. 32 cm and 24 cm;
,JQñ 1 8"V97 cm. 39. 15 1 cm. 40. 9 )16 cm
y av cm. 38. 21 3 cm and - 3- 17
and 9 va cm. 41. ~ 1982 km. 42. (1} ~ 1 (2) y¡a. 43. 24 cm
and 10 cm; 10 V2 cm. 44. 2 Vt3cm. 45. 78 cm or 18 cm. 46. 96 cm
t88 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

and 60 cm. 47. i. 2.5 cm. 2.

40 cm. 48. 48 cm and 12"'V2 cm or
120 cm and 48 V2 cm. 49. 64 cm and 36 cm. 50. 3 cm and 4 cm.
51. 3.2 cm. 52.15 cm. 53. 25 cm and 7 cm. 54. 3h('Vf-1).
56. 1. 52 dm. 2. 16 cm and 30 cm. 57. 10 cm and 17 cm. 59. 14 cm
and 12 cm. 60. 13 dm, 8 dm and 7 dm. 61. (1) Inadmissible, (2) per-
missible. 62. 67.6 mm. 63. 2. (a) Possible, using two different ways,
(b) impossible, (e) possible, (d) possible. Triangles and hexagons;
octagons and squares. 65. 4 y3 cm. 66. 4 ya, 12, 4 116. 4 ya,
2 ya, 2 'V6· 67. 4 "V3 cm. 68. ~15.8 cm. 70. ~30.6 cm. 71.
816.4 mm. 72. 1.5 m. 74. 3nR. 7.5. n 'V3ii9 cm. 76. 1. 288°. 2.
., 4na nm
21.6dm. 3. 8cm. 4.144. 5. ~111.6km. 77. 3 . 78. T. 79. 3.2 cm
and 8 cm. 80. 144 '\13 dm11 • 81. 819.2 dm11 • 82. ~11.42 m11 • 83·
~12.56 cm11 • 84. 339.5 cm11 • 85. 22 cm and 46 cm. 86. i. 384 dm11 •
2. ~651.1 dm11 • 87. 18 (unit) 11 • 88. ~329.9 cm11 • 89. 18 V3 cm11•
90. -a V3
2 - . 91.
(m+n) 11 Ym . 93. 7.1 cm. 94. 32 (,;;; v 2-1 ) dm.11

95. 3 r dm11 • 96.

4Vn
~211.1 dm•. 97. 48 -va
99. 128 roubles. 100. 31/3 dm1 • 101. ~424 mm. 102. ~12.7 dm.
cm11 • 98. 216 m11 •

103. ~11.33 cmZ.. 104. {2n cm11 • 105. i. ~20.8 m11 , 2. ~3.39 m11 •
106. 48n (7- 4 V3) cm11 • 107. ~10.5 cm1 • 109. a11 • 110.25 per cent.
111. 1 km11 , 4 km. 112. 39.4a. 113. 1. 16:9. 2. 298 ; cm11 • 114. By
125 per cent. 116. 1. (a) 0.4599; (e) 0.9239; (f) 0.0651; (h) 0.0676;
2. (a) 1.5760; (e) 2.5776; (f) 1.0759; (h) 0.5522. 117. (1) 12°, 27°30' 1
80°20'' 3°19'; (2) 300121 ' 49°32'' 79°22'' 85°8'; (3) 51'' 44°21''
51°30'' 78°13'; (4) 49°54'' 37°58'' 25°44'' 84°40'. 118. (1) 14°47' 1
58°38', 8°32', 44'¡ (2) 64°, 75°31', 57°51', 85°58'¡ (3) 5°14', 86°50',
31°2'' 87°33'; (4) 71°40'' 7'' 58°49'' 7°39'. 119. (1) 0.53, 0.54, 0.54,
0.95, 0.08; (2) 0.87, 0.272, 0.153, 0.058; (3) 0.044, 0.063, 0.941
3.17; (4) 28.6, 4.47, 1.075, 0.076. 120. (1) 32°, 3°1 4°20', 44°¡ (2)
80°35', 86°5', 40°15', 3fDfO' i (3) 2°50', 70°35', 40°50', 53°30' ¡
(4) 50°30'' 33°10'' 86°20' 1 49°53'.
121.

a b e A B 8
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 7.15 4.70 (8.53) 56°41' 33°19' 16.8
2 (360) 266 445 53°30' (36°30') 47,800
3 (16.4) 23 (28.2) 35°25' 54°35' 190
4 (284) (170) 330 59°10' 30°50' 241100
ANSWERS 189

122.

11 b e A B 8
1 1 1 1 1 1

1 52.9 24.4 ~58.3) (65° 14') 24°46' 645.38

2 (630 m) 466 m 84m 53°30' (36°30') 146,790 m2
3 (61.4) 54.7 (82.2) 48°20' 41°40' 1679.29
4 (428 m) (710 m) 829 m 31°5' 58°55' 151,940 m2

123.

1 29.8 19.8 (35.8) (56°24') 33°36' 295.02

2 (306 m) 615 m 687 m 26°28' (63°32') 94,095m2
3 17.5 (14.6) (22.8) 50°12' 39°48' 127.75
4 (284m) (170 m) 331m 59°6' 30°54' 24,140m2

124.

a=c b A=O B
1 h 1 ht 12p 1 S
1 1 1 1

1 (590 m) 650 m (56°36') 66°48' - - - 1601 a

2 (276 m) 485 m 28°30' ('12:3°) - - -- 31,950m 2
3
4
19.8
487.5
(25.6)
(547 .8)
(49°45')
69C>39'
80°30'
40°42'
-- -- -- 193.5
202,200

125.

1 (87 .5) (139 .6) 37°05' 105°50' - - - 3683

2 85.9 (92.6) 57°24' 65°12' (72.4) - - 3352
3 (200 m) 197m 60°27' 59°06' (174 m) - - t7,139m 2
4 703 (820) 54°18' 71°24' - (666) - 234,099

126.

1 68.6 (120. 7) 28°22' 123°16' (32.6) - -- (1970)

2 100.2 m 38.2 m 79°01' 21°58' (98.4m) - - (1RRO m2)
3 156.4 93.7 (72°36') 34°48' - - (406.5) 6982
4 (16) 8.6 74°29' 31°02' - - - l66)

127. 45°34'. 128. ~2200 m. 129. ~3.5 km. 130. ~0.35 m. 131.
~8. 7 m 2 • 132. 66°02'. 133. 30°02'. 134. ~40.6 cm. 136. ~48 m.
137. ~5.6 m; ~24'. 138. ~20.1 N and 36.9 N. 139. ~54 N and
i90 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

73 N. 140. t. ~260 N. 2. ~23.8 ~.

sec
141. ~10°10'
and 8.4 kbm.
r
142. Tbe mistake is 1°10'. 143. ~274 cm. 144. ~3.87 km. 145. 65°9',
114°51', 8.5 m. 146. 69°27', 41°06'. 147. ~13 cm. 148. ~5.5 cm,
4r2 4r2
2.3 cm. 149. 100°28'. 150. ~10.6 cm. 151. (1) - . - . (2) - . - .
SlD a. SlD a.
152. t. ~64.6 cm. 2. ~11.3 cm. 153. t. ~576.8 cm. 2. ~13 cm.
154. d [ y2 cos (45°-a.) +cot ~ J ~ 59.3 cm. 155. 70°32',

38°56'. 156. 56°19' and33°41'. 157. ~219m2 • 158. 2arccot ~.

-v- •
159. cos 2(41150 -2 a. ) ' 2 cos2 (11450 - a. ) • 160. 56°19'' 33°41'. t6t.
p cos ~
--a.- . 162. R (a.+ 2 tan ~ ) • 163. ~ 20.6 cm. 164. 54°19'.
cos24
165. ~5.a cm. 166. ~56.4 dm and 98 dm. 167. 44°36', 135°24'.
168. ~110 cm and 78 cm. 169. ~64.9 cm and 65.6 cm. 170. ~9.3 cm
and 13.6 cm. 172. ~1334 m. 173. ~458 km. 174. ~11.2 N. 175.
128°14' and 140°01'. 176. 93°37'. 177. t. 10 m, 8 m and 6 m. 90°,
53°8' and 36°52'. 2. 126 dm, 50 dm, 104 dm, 104°15'' 22°37'' 53°8'.
178. ~1.225. 179. ~17.3 cm. 180. 56~'. 181. ~78.6 cm, 51.3 cm,
39.9 cm. 182. ~18.3 cm. 183. ~208.3 m. 184. ~90 m. 185. ~10. 7 m.
186. ~51.3 N or 25.7 N. 187. (1) 583.2 m1 ; (2) 958.1 dm1 , (3)
31,250 m•. 188. 62°44' or H 7°16'. 189. (1) 865.2 dm1 ; (2) 26.4 m8 ;
(3) 4165 m1 • 190. 53°12' and 126°48'. 191. (1) 1831 m8 ; (2) 280.2 cm1 .
192. (1) 323.9 cm1 ; (2) S = 0.08106 (unit)1 • 193. (1) 32.15 dm11 ;
(2) 719.5 cm1 . 194. (1) 899.3 cm1 ; (2) S = 0.18 cm1 • 195. 2R 1 sin a..
196. 2R 1 sin a. X sin ~sin (a.+ ~). ·
199.

a b e A B e S
1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 (44) (58) (62) 42°51' 63°43' 73°26' 1223

2 (29) (44) (59) 28°12' 45°47' 106°1' 613.2
3 (272.4) (1035) (1305) 1°44' 6°34' 171°42' 2034

200.

1 (420) (371) 440 61°39' 51°2' (67°19') 71,900

2 (22. 9) 14.7 (16. 9) 92°36' (39°52') 47°31' 124.1
3 79 (38) (52) 122°34' 23°51 33°36' 832.8
ANSWERS 191

201.

1 (730) 1068 831 43°1' (86°3 ') (50°56') 302,700

2 5.9 (13.2) 9.0 21°48' (123°42') 34°30' 22.03
3 437 m 429.5 m (li7 .5m) (87°55') 79°12' (12°53') 20,920 m2

202.

1 (28.9) (22.4) 21.9 (81°22') 50°1' 48°37' 242.9

2 - (354) (520)
3 (402 m) 383m (258m) 74°48'
- (43°55')
66°56'
-
(38°16')
-
47, 710m2
248m 105°12' 36°32' 30,870m2

203.

1 (0.38) (0.59) 0.65 35°26' (64°11') 80°23'. 0.1106

2 38.0 (45.5) (25 .O) 56°41' 90° . (33°19'} 475
3 (1054m) 1171 m (1350m) (48°46') 56°44' 74°30 594,800m2
608 m 25°44' 105°30' 308,800m2

204.

1 17.7 15.1 11.1 (83°17') (58°16') 38°27' 83.2

2 32.9 37.5 45.5 (45°28') (54°23') 80°9' (609 .1)
3 178.2 200.3 55.7 59°7' (105°20') (15°33') 4787

205.

1 211.7 227.3 56.9 67°10' (98°30') (14°20') 5.958

2 269.3 219.8 245.8 (70°24') (50°16') (59°20') 25,450
3 67.1 33.1 49.0 (108°) (280) 44° 772.7

206.

1 15.7 31.6 39.6 (22°) (49°) 109° 234.7

2 (32.5 m) 116.-5 m 99.0m 14°41' (114°50 ') 50°29' (1460)
3 (72) (52) 48 92°22' 46°11, 41°27' 1210
t92 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

207.

1 14.6 4.0 13.1 105°14' 15°13' 59°33' (25)

2 (120m) (29.6 m) 135.2 m 53°30' 11°26' 115°4' 1608.88m2
100.0 m 126°30' 42°4' 1190 m 2
3 33.9 22.G 15.1 127°10' 32°6' 20°44' 135.6

207. (3) Hint. First fi.nd the ratio of the sides of the triangle and
then its angles. 208. (1) 84; (2) 90; (3) 15; (4) 69 !;
(5) 3 ~ •
209. (1) 14 cm; 16 cm¡ 18 cm¡ (2) 36 cm; 40 cm; 68 cm. 210. 576 cm1 •
211. 16.8 dm1 • 212. 4896 cm1 • 213. 19.2 dm1 • 214. 576 cm1 • 215.
1
120 cm. 216. ~69.8 cm1 • 217. ~93 cm1 • 219. (1) 1 and 2.5; (2) 2 3

and 24 ! ¡ (3) 4 and 8 !. 220. Possible. 224. 4 ctn and 21 ! cm.

m
225. h =T. 226. ~1256 cm1 • 227. 17 cm and 28 cm. 228. ~207 cm2.
229. 3 cm and 6.25 cm. 230. (3 + V3) dm2 • 231. 1440 cm2 •
233. (1) 200 y2 cm2 and s:::1294 cm2 , (2) ~331 cm2 and ~325 cm2 •
234. ~9.4 cm and ~9.3 cm. 235. 144 cm2 • 236. 300 li3 cm1 • 237.
p2 180°
4.04n cm2 • 238. -4 cot- . 239. ~39°18' with respect to the
n n
direction of AC. AB ~ 661 m. 240. LBCD = 57°6', ~258 m.
241. LAC1C2 = 129°18'; ~50 ~~. 24:1. LBAX = 78°51'. 243.
LCAY = 58°51'. 244. LAMC = 75°50'. 245. ~86.6 N; 90°
and 30°. 246. (1) ~61.9 N; 47°56'. (2) ~174.7 N and 215.4 N.
247. ~ 46.3 cm and 39.4 cm. 248. ~ 195.5 dmll. 249. dk =
180°
a·sin [ -(k+1) J _ 2
= . n180o
sm-
, k= 1, 2, ... , T
if n is even,
n
k = 1, 2, ... , n 2 3 if n is odd. 250. 4R (sin 2a. cos a.+cos 2a.).

251. R ( 2 , v/!i3 + 3) , R (V-2 +1), R. 252. a V'3 (2n - 3a.) • 253•

a.
6cos 2

2R (sin~ + sin ~ +2 cosa. ~) t . 254. 144 cm1 • 255. Of the

nR" sin!! a.
2
rhombus. 257. ~619.4 cm1 • 258. 259.
ANSWERS 193

~ (a- b)1 X sin~. 260. 100(3n + "'V6) em1 • 261. ~35.2 em1 •
262. 124 eml. 263. 153.6 em • 264. 402.25 dm2 • 265. 2.2 cm and
1
~10.8 cm. 266. ~15.2 cm and 17.1 cm. 267. t. 268. (1) 2496 em1 ;
(2) 240 em2 • 269. 14.1 em2 • 270. t. No. 271. (d) Generally speaking,
none. 274. 1. (b) In various planes passing through the point M.
2. One or four, or six. 3. Cannot. 288. 8 V3 em2 • 292. One or none.
293. t. (a) Skew, or interseeting, (b), (e) skew, or interseeting, or
parallel. 2. (a) Parallel, or coincides, (b), (e) skew, or interseeting.
3. (a) Skew, or interseeting, (b) either skew, or interseeting, or
parallel. 294. ~54°44'. 295. 83°49'. 296. 2. Either perpendicular,
or inelined, or parallel, or eontained in the plane ~. 298. 1. and 2.

4 rs.
Single solution. 304. 1. Many solutions. 2. Single solution. 309.
310. 2. Single solution. 314. ~4.2 dm and 1.1 dm. 315.
AM = BC. 316. 10 cm, 7.5 cm, ~11.7 cm. 317. 16m2 • 318. ~53.4
dm. 319. 3 'V5 cm. 320. 13 cm. 321. 3 cm, ~7.9 ell), ~13.1 cm,
15 cm. 322. 24 em1 • 323. !V9b 2 - 3a2 • 324. 10 cm and ~8.5 cm.
325. 6 cm. 326. 12 cm. 327. 4 cm. 328. 4 cm. 329. 17 cm, 25 cm,
· V4m 1H 2 +Q2 V4n 2 H,.+ Q2
17 cm. 330. 16 cm. 331. 5 cm. 332. 2m and 2n •

333. ~15.8 N. 334. 9 ~ cm and 6 ~ cm. 338. t. 25°6', 34~7',

45°. 2. 35°16'. 340. 54°44'. 341. ~54°44' and 65°54'. 342. 1.51.
343. ~3.5
a)l3 alf2 a ,¡¡; 2h'V3
cm. 344. 1. - 2- , - 2- , 2 . 2. 2h, h v 2 , - 3- . 345.
3 )13 cm, 70°32'. 346. ~2.8 cm. 347. 60° and 120°. 348. ~43.6 cm·
349. 45° and 30°. 350. a, 45°. 351. ~ al, 352. 30°. 3~3. (1) ll -vs.
(2) 120°. 354. 13 cm. 355. f. (a) Either Jlarallel, or skew; (b) either
parallel, or skew, or interseeting; (e) etther skew, or interseeting.
2. (e) Either interseeting, or skew, or parallel. 356. f. (a) Parallel
to the straight line, or passes through it; (b) either interseets the
straight line, or is parallel to it; (e) either parallel to the straight
line, or interseets it, or passes through it. 2. (a) Either interseet,
or are skew; (b) parallel. 361. Parallelogram, rhombus, trapezium
with the bases AB and CD. 362. 2. The problem has no solution if b
is parallel toa. 364. 2. No solution if the given straight line is parallel
to the given plane and the distanees between the point and plane,
and between the straight line and plane are different. 365. f.
Many solutions if the given points lie on a straight line parallel
to the given one. 2. No solution if the giyen lines interseet. 3. One
solution, or many solutions. 369. 37 cm. 370. 22.5 cm. 371. 68 cm.
372. ~9f.6 cm. 374. 20 cm. 375. 20 cm. 376. 28 cm or ~41.0 cm.
377. 30°. 378. 0.5 dm2 , ~0.7 dm. 379. Many solutions. 381. 189 em2 •
!
382. a1 'V7. 383. ~ a2 yi7. 384. ~173.2 em2 • 385. 156 a2 'V2.
 t94 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

394. t5 cm and t5 cm. 395. 12 cm. 396. 368.64 cm2 • 397. 85 cm.
398. 32 cm. 399. 40 cm. 400. 65 cm. 401. 52 cm. 402. 180 dm1 •
404. ; (2 1f5+ 1117). 405. 252 dm2 • 413. 2. Two planes. 3. Four
straight lines perpendicular to the plano containing the given lines.
418. 1. Two planes. 2. Two planes. 419. Let ~ be the given angle,
and li the angle between the given straight line and the given plane.
Then, if ~ < fi-no solution, if ~ = ¡i-one solution, if !i < ~ <
< 90°-two solutions, if ~ = 90°-one solution. 420. 40° and
o a a 'V2 a 113
140 . 421. '2, - 2 - , - 2 - , a. 423. ~6.3 m. 424. ~ 10.4 cm. 425.

60°. 426. 60°. 427. 1. ~54°44'. 2. are tan ( ~ tan~) . 3. ~70°32'.

428. ~54°44'. 429. ~65~2'. 430. ~H1°6'. 431. ~124°14', 41°24'.
432. ~66°2'. 433. 4 'V2 cm. 434. 45 cm. 435. 4_ V2
cm and 8 cm.
436. 9 cm. 437. 16113 cm and 50 cm. 438. ~18.4 cm or 26.4 cm.
439. 60°, 75 113 cm1 • 440. ~104 dm2 • 441. ~255 cm2 • 442. 108113
, cm2·• 443. n 112 cm2 • 444. n (di-4df) 'V2. 445. a2 112. 446. Two
times, 60°. 447. 40 113 cm2 • 448.200 cm1 • 449. 10 dm2 • 450. 20 (unit) 2 •
451. 144 cm2 • 452. 75 cm2 and ~140 cm2 • 453. 10 cm. 455. 1. (b),
(e) possible; (a), (d), (e), (f) impossible. 2. (a), (e) possible; (b), (d)
impossible. 456. (a) 13°30' < z < 158°; (b) 26°30' < z < t62°.
457. (3) The plane angles of the trihedral angles at the vertices
of the base: one-60°, the two others are equal to each other, each
being more than 30°, but less than 90°. The plane angles of the
trihedral angle at the vertex are equal to one another. Each of them
is more than 0°, but less than 120°. 458. 60°. 459. At the vertex
60° each, at the base 90°, 60°, 60°. 460. At the vertelt 48°12' each,
at the base 90°, 65°54', 65°54'. 461. 60°. 462. 60° each. 463. 75°31'.
464. (1) ~35°16'; (2) 90°. 465. al·V3 . 466._ ~62.4 cm2 • 467. 1 a.
2 3
468. 65 cm. 469. 2. n = 3.18, 9.6, n = 4, 24, 12, 8, n = 6, 36,
18, 12. 3. 1440°; 2160°, 720° (n - 1). 470. 1. O, 4, 10, n (n - 3).
2. O, 1, n - 3. 3. 2, 5, n (n 2- 3) . 471. 2. n - 2. 480. 1.70°32'.

2. ~33°12'' ~50°12'' ~62°. 481. d r.

482. ~14.1 cm. 483. (a)
50 cm, (b) 29 cm. 484. a ll7; 2a ~; 49°6', 45°. 485. (1) 2a, a115,
3 V7a2 • /3 , /:a
(2) - 4- , (3) a V 7 , 2a V 7 . 487. 4 cm, 4 112 cm, 4 V3 cm.
488. 6 cm, 8 cm, 24 cm. 489. V m1 + n2 + mn and V m2 + n2 + 3 mn.
1
490. (2) 2' a ,v,13.
- -
491. 120°. 492. 20 cm and 12 V2 cm. 493.
ANSWERS 195

2a1 V3 ~-. /13 ~-. /13

~22 cm and ~28 cm. 494. a, - 3- , 2 V 3 , 2 V 3 •
495.13cmand ~29.6cm. 496. 1. (a) Yes, (b) yes, (e) yes. 2. (a) Yes, (b)

497. 15 V2 cm, 25
-
r
no, (e) no. 3. Square, rectangle, parallelogram, rhombus, trapezium.
~m~. 498. : (2 V11+s V5+ V6s).
.,,-)
499. p=4 (V2+2 v10
56 V11 "1/ii'
cm, S= - -3- cm. 500. 3a v2,

43 al .,V"'3. 501. 3a .,V/ii'2, -al 2V3

- • 502. 2a .,V¡¡:5 , "21 a1 .,V/t;6 • 503. Q v-2.
a2
504. T . 505. (a) 32 cm1 , (b) ~31.2 cm1 , (e) ~ 45.5 cml. 506.
250 cml¡ 53°8'. 507. a1 • 508. 600 cm1 and ~588 cm1 • 509. (1) 50 cm1 •
(2) 5 cm, ~ 141.4 cm1 • 510. 200 cm1 • 511. 1. 410 cm1 • 2. 12 cm
and 16 cm. 512. 48 cm1 and 84 cm1 • 513. ab, ab V3, ;
V3al+ 4bl.

514. a1 and a11 vz. 9a 1

515. T and 3a1 • 516. 1. (a) 720°, (b) 1080°,
(e) 1440°, (d) 3240°, (e) 360° (n- 1). 2. 11. 517. (a) Y es, (b) yes,
(e) no, (d) yes, (e) no, (f) yes. 518. (a) Y es, (b) no, (e) yes, (d) no,
(e) both yes and no (f) both yes and no, (g) yes. 527. 2Ú cm. 528. (1)
48 cm, (2) 67°23'; ~3) 82°30'; 71°34'; 82°30'. 529. (1.) ~45.4 cm and
~45.4 cm, (2) 41 26', (3) ~678.8 cm1 ; 45°. 530. 73°54'; 81°47'.
531. 6 cm and ~8.9 cm. 532. (1) 48 cm1 • ~44.4 cm1 and ~44.4 cm'.
2. (a) 53°8' and 57°, (b) 130~4'. 533. 9_o~>. 534. 162 cm2 and 270 cm'.
535. Q. 536. 360 cm1 and 240 cm1 • 537. 400 cm2 and 100 cm2 • 538.
1 ~: cm 2 or 5 : cm2 • 539. (1) VZ-1, (2) 1, (3) 1:2, (4) (Vi- 1/m):
V -m. ~
a40. 36 cm. 541. a-m 1/2 . 5..~2 . 1 75 d m1 . 543. 720 cm,
m 1/2
36°52'. 544. 96: 25. 545. 1 Va +
e1 - b11 • 547. 2 dm, 1/7 dm. 548.
4 Va cm, 20 V3cm, ~2t.9 cm. 549. 91/3 cm, a V3
cm, V111 cm.
550. V3 cm, VE cm, 3 va
cm. 55t. 10 cm, 10 cm, 10 cm. 552.
a= ~= 1= 36°52', 90°, 51°20', 43°9'. 553. a;., y~ (a- b),

ca - b) v1s va
6 -=---. 555. (a - b) 2 , a - b, 45 , 2
......_-.;,-
o V2
(a - b). 556.
1-5 1/2 cm, 30 cm, 10 V5cm, 5 Vf9 cm, 10 117 cm. 557. 8 cm.
558. 22 cm, ~36.2 cm, ~31.7 cm. 559. ~198 cm2 • 560. ~28.7 cm1 •
561. 81 cm, 17 cm, 2744 1/2 cm1 • 562. ~21.8 dm, ~110.2 dm2 •
563. ~195.5 dm1 • 564. ~183.7 m1 • 565. 180 cm2 and ~174.3 cm2 •
566. (1) 17 cm, ~21.5 cm, ~26.2 cm, (2) 28°4', 21°48', 17°45',
(3) 180 cm2 , 240 cm1 , 510 cm2 , ~484 cm1 , (4) 90°, 90°, 28°4', 21°48',
(5) ~26.2 cm, ~50.6 cm, ~43.5 cm, ~36.9 cm, (6) ~17°45',
 196 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

~9°5', ~i0°36', ~12°31', (7) 300 cm2 and ~540.9 cm2 , (8) 90°
and ~33°42'. 567. 9 cm. 568. (VQ; ~ VQ;) 2
and (VQ; +; VQ;) 2 •

569. 5, 9.6. No. 5;1. a r' r' a 54°44'. 573. ~22.1 dm2 • 574.
f. ; . 2. 225 -va cm 2• 575. (f) a2 , (2) a 1/2, (3) 109°28', (4) a r,
576. f. 2a ( /?:\ ) 4a (, ¡;; ) a V2
(5) ~0.8a. 5 1 3+1 . 2. 5 v 3+1 . 577.-2-. 578.
az-y2
- 2 - . 579. Two regular quadrangular pyramids and 24 equal
triangular pyramids. 580. 2: f. 581. f. (a) three, (b) four (e) three.
2. (a) 6, (b) 9, (e) 9. 582.4 a; . a
583. V6 (-y2-1). 584. (-y2-1) a
and 2a(V2""'"'1). 586. 36.7 cm, 8 cm. 587. 1. iO m. 2. zr.S. 588. !
8 dm. 589. 40 cm. 590. ~26.9 cm. 592. ~5.3 cm. 593. 1920 cm2 •
va
594. 5
598. l
V2.
r .
Cm, f5 Cm. 595. 6 dm. 596. ~7.f dm2 , 0.3 m2 • 597. f:2.
599. 400 dm2 • 600. 60° 601. 20 Va cm2 , 53°8'. 602.
a2
d r, 603. ~4.4 dm2 • 604. 160 Va cm2 or 640 11a cm2 • 605.
d ys-.606. 640cm2 , 64zr.cm2 .607. ;::::35.4cm. 609. 7.5V2cm,
f2.5 Cm. 614. 5 V2 Cm, 25zr. cmZ. 615. f. 30°. 616. 972 Cm2 , í3°44'.
617. (1) 45°, 90°, (2) no. 618. 2 ViO cm, 4 VIO cm, 2 V30 cm.
9 zr.z:a h2 Va
619. (1_Li6 zr.l2 , (2) T. 620. - 3 -. 621. 48 dm2 • 622. 6 cm. 623.
2: 1
• 624. 216 mi. 625. zr.. 626. 3fD4'. 627. (1) 64zr. cm1 , (2) 16zr. cm1 ,
zr.n2R2 zr.m2R2 75zr. Va

631. ~43.1cm.632. 70°32'.633.a (2

a1 (11 +4 VS)
w).
(3) (m+n) 2 or (m+n)~. 628. 8 cm. 629. 10 cm. 630. 8 cmz.

634. al11 3 <:t va).

4

635. va . 640. 20 cm,

2 15 cm. 641. R=l, r=2",
l

H= l ya. 643. R= j/ ~ (V2+1), r= V~ (112-1).

644. R = 24 112 cm, r = 7 112 cm, H = 31 V2 cm. 645. 1020 cm1 •
646. 192 dm1. 647. 39 va
dmll and 21 -y3 dmZ. 648. 1. ~ (R r)l. +
1
2. 25zr. cm11 or 36zr. cm1 • 649. 4 zr.nt. 650. Into two equal parts.
 .ANSWERS f97

651. f68 cm1 • 652. 72 V2 cm1 , 65°54'. 653. 60 cm1 • 654. ao (Y2i+
+3) cm1 • 655. f28n cm1 • 656. 648 dm1 • 657. H.2 cm. 658. (3)
aQ 112. 659. Sufficient. 256 cm1 , a84 cm1 • 660. (3) 4f4 dm2 • 661.
2a:i1. 662. 2378 cm2 • 663. f92 dm2 • 664. 2 dm, 6 dm, fO dm. 665.
f. a. 2. ~25.f m. 666. ~2a tons. 667. ~a0.4 per cent. 668. 6 cm.
669. aa1 lf2.·670. f6 cm. 671. 4a2 lf2. 672. f. f50 cm11 • 2. 3Q. 673.
f. f6 dm2 and 8 va
dm2 • 2. f5a2 va.
674. 3 dm2 • 675. f560 cm1 • va
676. 64
3
va
R' , Jli\
• 677. a (2 2+ V a,. 678. v- , 4Q 679. 200 cm., ya.
680. 84 dm2 • 681. ~ f655 cml. 682. ~ 283.f dmll. 683. 2 cm. 684.
270 cml. 685. 4.626 m2 • 686. f. 72 cm2 • 2. 2 dm, 4 dm, 6 dm,
fO dm. 687. ab (V3+f). 688. 240 cm2 • 689. ~422.a dm1 • 690.

a¡ (f + V3). 691. _a' ya ( Vi3+ ~ ). 692. a2 (4 + V3). 693.

~9af
,,r,:
cm2 • 694. 2a2 v "· 695. ~294 cm1 • 699. (a)
a
2' a
(b) - 2 - ,
va
(e) ~. 700. aa1 • 701. f. a1 va. 2. ~86.6 cm2 • 702. 25 V2 dm2 •

703. f92 V3 cm 1• 704. f. aa'4"V3. 2. 75°af'. 705.62.706. ~4L57 dm1 •

707. 648 cm2 • 709. ~624.5 cm2 • 710. 2 r. 711 (a) a2 ( f+ ~)'

(b) a2 (f+ 1/2), (e) a2 (a+ ~ 7). 712. fOO (V3+2) dm2 • 713.

s<
m v-f5+ ,va9). 714.-2-.715.
11 aa va
J;ñ a V3 2
-2-(i+lf2).716. 2m.
2

2H8
717. 450 cm2 • 718. ~579.5 dm2 • 719. -a- va (2+ lf2). 720.
-

f008 cm2 • 721. a 2 (lf5+i). 722. 2a2 • 723. : . 724.

ll
(2+ V3). T
725. 90° and aoo. 727. f260 cm2 • 728. (a) atb va (a'+ab+bll),
(b) (a+b) V2 (all+b1 ), (e) a (a+ b) Va'-ab+b 2 • 729.
fa:f5. 730. ~2f48 cm1 • 731. ~a984 cm2 • 732. ~f0f9.6 cm2 • 733.
45 vrs cm'. 734. 50 cm'. 735. f f: a4 or 26: f9. 736. va'+ ~ Q.
737. 392 cm2 • 73& ~95.4 dm2 • 739. ~f072 cm2 • 740. (8+2.5 V3)
cm and (8 - 2.5 ya) cm. 741. f62lf7 dm'. 742. f~ V < ~:--:t:)
2 b.
743. 70 dm1 •
744. 745. a9.6
a2 - b2 • 746. H97 dm2 • 747. cm2 •
400 cm2 • 748. ~0.628 kg. 749. ~66a5 750. ~f3.5 kg. 751.
cm2 •
2.6576n m2 • 752. ~af m2 • 753. f. nl2 • 2. Four times. 754. f. nQ.
198 PROBLEKS IN GBOMETRY

nl1 V3. H 3R
2.--¡--. 756. H = 8R. 757. 7f= 4± 2 ya. 758. -;t. 759. (a)
n"V2 n b nRH 2nQ V3
- 4 -, (b) 4 . 760. (a) f, (b) ¡;• 761.-6- . 762. 3 . 763.

d2 V3 (~ +2n) • 764. 200 (5nt3 V3) . 765. 6.4 m. 766.

f380ncm11 • 767. f6n V2x (2 "V2+3) cm11 • 768. 24n (i+2 ;y'3)cm2 •
769. 200n cm11 and 800n cm2 • 770. ~ , ~ , ~ • 771. ;;,H 11 • 772.
(n-2)Q11 (3n+2)Q11 • R,¡R 11 + 112 yz a
8n2Ht or Sn2HI • 773• :.. n V H . nl - H X
X(l+ yza H 2 ). 774. ~502.6 cm11 • 775. 2. Will be increase'
f ~ times. 777. 2. y~. 778.45°; 9n"V2cm11 • 779.L f20°.2.L
nPt
780. 60°. 781. ~443 m11 • 782. 2f roubles 30 kopecks. 783. T
f
(V2- f). 784. 1. ~ 3f3.8n cm2 • 2. f344n. 785. 2' na 2 V3 X
X (5+ ya). 786. 2na2 "V3. 787. ~ na11 y5. 788. ~ nQ("V3+ V6).
789. f. 20 cm. 2. 360; R . 790. ~20f cm11 , ~45.3 cm11 , ~38°56'.
791. i. ~318.1 cm11 • 2. i.25Q. 792. i. 2f6°. 2. (a) ~254°36'. (b)
f80°. 793. i. 60°. 2. 24 cm2 • 794. : na 2 -y2. 795. i (7+40).

796. (a) ~ na 2 , (b) na11 , (e) 2na2 • 797. ~ (y5 -1). 799. 0.5nRJI.
,r.; -3 4
800. f. 8f6n cm11 • 2. 132n v "'cm2 • 801. H 7 cm and 4 'f cm. 802.
~4m2 • 803. ~87.2 kg. 804. f: nl2 • 805. ~ nl2 • 806. ~ nR 2 cm•.
807. f6 cm. 808. R ~ 19.4 cm. 809. 260n cm2 • 810. 9 cm. 811.
~678.6 cm11 • 813. ~769.5 cm11 • 814. na2 (6+ 113). 815. 6na 2 ya.
816. 4na11 ya. 817. ~f603 cm2 • 818. ~565.8 cm2 • 820. 54.39 kg.
821. (3) Increased by ~2.8 times. 822. 1. 27 cm8 • 2. 64 (unit)8 •
823. 6. 824. i. 12 cm. 2. 1 dm8 , 2370 !~ cm8 and 4629 ~ cm8 • 825.
2. 288 ~m 8 • 826. ~3.5 dm. 827. 1. f40 cm8 • 2. yslS 11S 8 • 3. 3 cm,
5 cm, fO cm. 828. f2. 829. 1. f28 tons. 2. f8 kg. 1:130. ~6772 N.
831. 40 hrs. 832. ~29.8 m11 • 833. ~f4.4 per cent. 834. f. 2f6 dm8 •
2. 1 m3 • 835. Three cases: f392 cm2 ; f344 cm2 ; H04 cm2 • 837.
48 (3- ya) cm3 • 838. 5760 cm8 • 839. ~ 399 cm8 • 840. ~ 55.43 m3 •
841. a8 y3. 842. 4a8 ya. 843. 4.5 dm8 • 844. ~:. 845. 768 y3 'cm8 •
 ANSWERS 199

846. ~0 3
- d - . 847. Reduced by 240 dms. 848. 1680 cms. 849. "4 as.

850. s~:•. 852. ~431 N. 854.1625 ms. 855.! as. 856. ~1.9 cm.

857. ~ Q ~· 858. ! zs V2. 859. ~ d Íf54. 860. ~1.9 m. 861.

81 V72 dms. 862. ~90.7 kg. 863. 89,880 ms. 864. 94.6 cms. 865. 20.
866. 6090 cms. 867. 480 cms. 868. (a) ~3700 'cms, (b) ~1873 cm•.
869. 4 (3+ V3)dms. 870. 2 dm, 2 dm, 2 dm, 4 dm. 871. 2520 cms.
872. 151 . 873. 1440 cm3 • 874. 11.52 dm1 • 875. 4Q cm1 and 2Qr cm8 •
876. ~137.6 dm2 and 96 dm•. 878. 600 dms. 879. 864 cms. 880.
a 8 V2 9a1 1
- 4- . 881. T ' 882. 222 dms. 883. 2 Qd. 884. ~ 311.8 cms.

885. 16 ms. 886. ~ 207.8 dms. 887. (1) 1~ a2 Vab 2 -a2 ,

1 1
6 a' V4b'- 2a', .2 a' Va
1
a'>: c2> 4 w- Cb'- h'> h 0,
~ (bl- h2) h, ~ (b2 - h 2) h va: (a) 2~ a2 V12P- a 2 '

61 a 2 V4P - 1 a2
a 2 , '4 Va (4P - 1 as
aa2). 888. 1. (a) 24 -v-a, (~)

! aS va. ! as-va. 2. (a) ~aS va.

(e) (b) ~aS X vs. (e) ~ as.
891. ~ 0.75 dms. 892. 12, 6, 4. 893. ! as. 894. (1) 112 as 0; (2)

! aS "V2· 895. ! a3. 896. : vas. S 897. 72 dms. 898. 1.

~100.a5 dm 8• 2. 12.29 dms. 899. Q ~. 900. Q ~.

901. 6.5 dm. 902. V a3b . 903. ~ 126.7 kN. 904. 74,060.
12 aa•-4b•
905. 275a.8 N. 907. 1.
as0
-¡g-. 2. 560 cms. 908. 1. 2560 ya- cm8 •
2. 864 cm1 • 909. 24. 910. 1. ~ d'. 2. 216 cms. 911. 14.4 dms. 912.

~ ms. 913. s:::1a66.5 dm1 , 250 dms. 914. 5:9. 915. Q v2~a·
916. ~9.51. 917. :::::J2.1 percent. 920. 512 cms. 921. V~ 1671 cm1 •
922. s:::110a cms. 923. 19:7:1. 924.(V3-V2):(V2-1): 1. 925.
5as 0
-w-
as'V3
and ~. 926. 8:19. 927. (a) 20.2 dms, (b) 46.7 dm8 ,
(e) 121.2 dms. 928. (a) ~87.8 dms, (b) a51.0 dm8 , (e) 1579.6 dm8 •
200 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

929. (a)~ 37.3 cm8 , (b) ~ f05.6 cm8 , (e) ~ 388.0 cm8 • 930. (a)
f7.9 m8 • (b) ~ 35.8 m8 • (e) O; Hpyr.=.tO. 931. (a) 78 cm8 , (b) va
52 "V33 cm8 , (e) 468 cm1 • 932. H 74 cm8 • 933. 2 ~~~ .. 934.
V3
37 ,¡¡¡v; .
24 v f07 dm8 • 935. 2688 dm8 • 936. f3,584 cm8 • 937. 7 cm and 5 cm.
938. 8323 va cm 8• 939. f80 (5+ Vfi) m8 • 940. ~ f88.8 dm8 • 941.

3 m8 • 942. 2f6 dm8 • 943.

3 81 - S1
(~V~)
• 944. f2,537 cm8 • 945.
265.6 dm11 • 946. 45 m• and 20m . 947. 840 m1 • 948. 2. 949. ~ 24.9 m8 •
f04rB
950. - 9-. 951. fOSO ya
cm8 and 3600 ya
cm8 • 952. ~ f333cm8 •
f
953. 3 lt (5ab - a8 - b1 ). 954. ~368 per cent. 955. 4: 9. 956.
1m"+ 4mn+ n1 8 8
1n1 + 4mn+m• . 960. L f m . 2. 2.5 dm • 961. ~ 4.6 cm. 962.
~15. 7 kg.963. 28. 964. ~50.3 tons. 965. ~7f63 m. 966. ~28.6 tons.
967. ~44 m8 • 968. ~49 mm. 969. ~40.5 per cent. 970. 500tt cm8 •
3ttZS ttS VS 3 --
971. 252 cm8 . 972. 32 . 973. - 4- • 974. f. 96tt dm1 . 2. .Y f6ttVI.
f
975. L ~ 2f.5 per cent. 2. ~ 36.3 per cent. 976. (a) 4, (b) 2, (e) f 3 .
4V 3 V3v , Q !!i
977. (1>n' (2>~· 978. Q V~· 979. 54"' v3. 9so. 1.
J va ,
541t. 2. f6tt and 24tt. 981. f.
d8
~.
V2 2.
21t1R1 1l3
3 • 982.n1000
or
+ va
soo. 983. s"' 3V3. 984. 648tt. 985. 15,134. 987. 2. Increase
-
"' 41t-3 3
"V2 times. 988. 2. Increased three times. 3. Reduce by half. 991.
C11 V 41t2 P - e•
~ 25L3 kg. 992. 32. 99~. 5. 994. 241tl • 995. f. 16tt dm8 •

2. 12tt dm8 • 996. 320tt cm8 or 600tt cm8 • 997. (1) H = ~,

R -9
11

R > 3, (2) H = R 116RI

_ 9 , R > 3, (3) H = 3, R-any. 998. H cm
13 2ttR8 V2
999. ~0.26 V. 1000. 1: 26 or 8: f9. 1001. 24 • 1002. 81 •
tta8 4800tt 320tt
1003. 240". 1004. (f) T ,(2)1'3 dm8 , (3) - 3-cm8 , (4) f440tt cm8 •
9600tt 1ta8
1007. 3525tt cm8 • 1008. 3064tt cm8 • 1009. (f)~ cm8 , (2) 2 dm8 •
ANSWERS 201

n (26 - 15 113)
1010. 4. 1011. 144n cm8 and 192n cm8. 1012. 72
12
1014. - . 1015. 2400n cm , 960n cm•. 1016. ~ 28.6 dm 8. 1017.
8
n
~ 63.3 l. 1018. ~ 14.3 l. 1019. ~1583 cm8. 1020. 24 cm, 25 cm.
7 ,f7:j • 5nl3 va
1021. 22.95n. 1022. 24 n v 3ZS. 1023. ~ 804.3 cm . 1024. 48 o
37nZS (2+3V2)nR 8
1025. 12 o1026.~2325cm8.1027.19:37:61.1028. 3 o

1029. 7 na~ V2'0 1030. R = 1.5 r. 1031. R=r(V!+ 1) o 1032.

2 7na8V6 (r)3 7R 1 +4Rr+r1
3 nRrH.1033. 27 .1034. 1.1- R . 2. R 2 + 4Rr+ 7r 111 o

1035. ! n 1R1 r. 1036. H = 7 cm, R = 3.5 cm. 1037. na84Va. 1038.

6na•, 3 ~na8 .1039. 4na1 V2.1040. ~ 1217.5dma.1041. 6na1 l/3.

4.5na3 • 1042. 3na3 va. 1049. 9 cm.1050. 1. 3585 km. 2. ~ 15,920 km.
1051. 5 : 9. 1052. 2 ~ . 1053. ~ 15.7 cm. 1054. 2.44 radians,
3nR1 nR 1
~ 101.5 cm. 1055.-4- o 1056. 2 o 1057. 30°. 1058. 12 dm. 1059.
12 cm. 1060. 33.8 cm. 1061. ~75.4 cm. 1062. 1. nR "V3. 2.~ 75.4 cm.
1065. R ya. 1066. ~ 330m1 .1067. 2. 2, lf5, 3. 1072. ~ 14.23 dm.
1073. 576n cm•. 1074. ~867.8 dm1 •
1076. ~ 183.2 cm•. 1077o
1
~3456 cm1 and 1257 cm1 • 1078. 2500n cm1 • 1079. 0.25. 1080. 26 •

- 4 ( 5-2 , Vl<i) 21nQ, /7i o 1082. 400 (4- ,Vlñ\

1
1081. i. nb 2 . 2. 21 n.
4n-3 v3
1083. 15 cm. 1086. 12 cm1 • 1088. R (l/3- 1). 1091. 2.-:; 36n"Vll.
i
1092. (2) Will be reduced to ~ , 1 . 1093. 1. 3. 6 times, 6. 7 times.
2. 484 times, 10,648 times. 1094. 1,362,385 thousand kma. 1096.
32 256
Yes. 1097. ~,0.3 cm. 1098. (2) 3 n, 3 n, 288n. 1099. (1) 3. (2) 4.5o
1100.
cent,
vn55.5~per1.14.cent,
~
1101. 12 cm. 1102. 72 per cent. 1103. ~ 33.3 per
~47.6 per cent. 1104. ~
4.6 cm. 1105o
a 512 (16 - 9 V3) n a
~ 297.2 cm . 1106. 2.9 cm. 1107. 3 cm . 1108.
,... a 37,532n a H,968n a 416n
""' 2827 cm . 1109. - -3- cm or - - 3- cm . 1110. - 3- cm8o
202 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

V5-1 5 l'tR8
1111. 44. 1113. --r-.
1114. 18,432l't cm8. 1115. 16 . 1116. T.
8000l't 8 1118. ~1206 cm. 1 S 1 (6l'tR1 - S)
1117. - 3- cm. 1121. 24l't 2R 3 • 1122.

0.2. 1123. V21 - 4. 1124. 2. If a circle can be circumscribed about

base. 1125. 2. lf the base is a rhombus and the distances between
opposite faces are equal to each other. 1126. L If a circle can be
circumscribed about the base of the pyramid. 1127. L Pos-
sible. 2. If it is an equilateral one. 1128. L ; and a r. ya 2. 2R
and 2R. 1129. 2l'tR 2 (3 V2-4). 1130. 2304 dm1 • 1131. 8R8 )12.
1132. ~7794 dm8. 1133. (1) 18RII ya, 6R3 }'3, (2) 24R 1 , 8R 8 , (3)
12R11 V3, 4R 3 y3. 1134. hs r. 1135. ~1014 cm1 • 1136. (a) ! 1

(b) ! ' f.(e) 1137. (1) a<-v¡:- 1>' ; a, (2) a cv¡- 1>1

3 a("V2f-3) h V~ b2
-4 a, (3) , a. 1138. (1) ,
4 1
+ , Jrr""""""'L'i , -2h •
V 3h1 +b 11 V b2-hl
h~ bll h Va(b2-hll)
(2> Vbll + h•+ Vbs- h• • 2h • (a> yab= + h2 + ya (b•-h 2) '

bll a'V6 a"V2

2h • 1139. - 6 - , - 2- . 1141. 16.2 cm. 1142. l'ta
•( 2- ,~)
v 3.

1143. a
l'tall
r.
1144. 1 m. 1145. ~5236 cm8. 1147. ~ 606.1 dm8.
104R1
1148. T. 1149. 4l'tb 2 • 1150. l'ta11 • 1151. - 3 - . 1152. 10m. 1153. (1)
4 )12 _! (2) _! ~ 115'" 3l'tR3 1155 l'tRII (3+2 y3). 3ltRa
3 '3' 3'3' ... 4 • . 2 '.4'
9 l'tzt l'tl8 V3 4ltl1- 4ltP V3
tt56. 2.25 and 3'2. 1157. 3 , 54 1 3 , 27 • 1158.
~(l- YL' hll) zs
~254.5 m11 • ~254.5 m3. 1159. h , 2h •
tt60. 4. 1162. 24 cm. 1163. ~~ and 3: . 1164. 900l't cm2 , 4500l't cm8.
4S
H65. 15m. 1166. 1064l't cm2 , 4256 l't cm3. 1167. T. 1169. 18 dm.

tt70. h = R-a hemisphere. 1171. (9 - 5 V3~ (2 + )12) . 1172.

H Y sin (a.+ P> sin <P -a.) H t A 1173 ~ 1174 -

sin a. sin ~ ' co .,. · cos a.· · are
cos (tan ~) • 1175. 65°25'. 1177. ~ y3 d cosa.. 1178.
ANSWERS 203

2Q sin ( 30°+~) sin ( 30° -~)

4 1179. 1180.

a.
b tan P
2 sin a.·
1203.
acos-
2 1204. (a- b) ;ya tan (jl • 1205. d ~a.
4cos9 ~
4
d~na. R
or --.;::--. 1206. ~ 40°54'. 1207. aretan ~ , 59°2'. 1208•
....,. R 1 -d1
• a.
1lSin2
m1 sin 2a. tan a.2 . 1209. , r::::::-::. 1210. 4d1 tan" a.2 , ~ 6030 cm1 •
V cosa.
1211. V2Q cosa., 1/~Q,_c-os_a._ tan a.. 1212. V
di sin1 a.+ R" cos1 a..
1213. H 1 sin p 1214 L 2 V3 sin (a. + 60°) sin (a. - 60°) 1215.
2 cosll a. · · 2 sinll a. ·
75°31'. 1216. 2 cos2 ( 45° -.¡.). 1217. sin p y Q cot ~. 1218.
R 2 sin a. Vsin (a.+ P> sin (p - a.) 1219 ( t a. t P)
cosll a. sinll p . . arccos co 2 an 2 ,
54°44'. 1220. 2n: sin a.2 • 1221. 2 arcsin 2a. . 1222. . d . A..
n: sm a. sm..,
(R 2 - rl) sin a. . 2Q cos p . 2Q cos P
1223. 2 sin p 1224. R arcsm (Rll-rll), rarcsm (Rll-rll).
204 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

S sin 2a.
1225. 1226. -h2 cot (a.+ ~). 1227. 2n •
4
3a.
M ,/Q~T
1228. 2+cot a. • 1229. R tan ~ sin a. tan a.. 1230. ± V n--a.- •
.. ~T

1231. 2 Y~ sinll ( 45o -.¡.). 1232. VRa + r:it2;Rr cos 2a..

tan 2a. _ 1
1233. 116°50'. 1234. <a. < 120°); V2-1, 2 , 1,
2 sin a. + tan ~
no solution. At a. = 120° the conical surface is not intersected by
the plane. 1235. as ~,
SIDa.
4a~ ~.
SIDa.
1236. ab Va 11 +b 2 X

X tan a.. 1237. {- d3 sin 2a. cosa. sin 21'. 1238. d3 sin a. sin 1' X
X Vcos (a.+~) cos (a.-~). 1239. dll sin 2a.+2V2Q cos(a.-45°).
,~ d11 (2+cos.!:.)
1 Qd sin 2a..1240. 2111 V 2 cosa.,
2 ~1154cm11 • 1241. 2 .,
. a. . a.
~ny ~2

~ d3 cot ~ . 1242. aQ sin a. sin 1', ~ 1677 cm3 • 1243. ! diiX

X .
SlD 2a. COS a. SlD
. R a. ~
1244• 4dli tanCOS a. • 1245• ..!_ d3 X
t'• 4
X sin 2a. sin a.. 1246. { H 3 tan11 a. sin 2~. 1247. -} Qd sin 2a.,

2955 cm3 • 1248. dsyg si: 2a. cosa.. 1249.

as y 3 sin ( 30o +i} sin ( 30o

. a.
-%-}
.
1250 3d3 V3 sin 2a. cosa.
. 16 t
8sm 2

1.5d1 sin 2a., ~2.83 dm3 , ~ 11.95 dm1. 1251. 12d1 sin ~ x
x ysin (30°+ ~) sin (30°- ~ )· ~ 1088 dm2 • 1252.

2a3 sin a. sin ~ ' ~ 0.6431 m3 • 1253. Q sin a. V va Q cos a..

ANSWERS 205

1'254. 12Q sin a., 2Q sin a. YQ cos a. ya. 1255. 1.5dll sin a.,
tJI V3 sin a. sin ~ 4r2h cos2 ( 45°- ~)
1256. . • 1257. 1
8 Sin a. 8 d8 X
X sin 2a. sin 2¡i cos ¡i, di V2 sin 2¡i cos ~ cos ( 45° .- ~ ) ,
9.754 dm8 , 65.19 dm2 • 1258. 2Q'V2cos~cos (45°-~}·
a. } a.
1259. p 8 tan8 ( 45°- 4 tan 2 tan ¡i. 1260.
c3 sin2 2a. V2 }•
16 cos~ cos (~- 45°
2 2
1261. -} a• sin 11 a. tan ¡i, ~ 582.9 dm 8• 1262. 2a8 sin ~ X

X -(sin a; sin ~, 23.5 dm8 • 1263. bQ sin a.. 1264.

3b8 V3 sin 2a. cosa. 1265. bs sm. a. -. / . 3a. · a. •

8 2 V sm 2 sm 2 . 1266
a3 cota. 2 cos 2
a. a. 43
_ _...._'""'"':".;;....._~-. 1267. 2a8 sin11 a. cos -2 • 1268.-
2 -.-. 1269.
32 sin11 ( 45° + 4a.} sma.

4 V2 R 2 sin 2a.; 2R 8 sin 2a. cos a.. 1270. 1.5b11 sin 2a.. 1271.
bs yg sin 2a. cos a.
8
1272. 0.5m8 -va
sin 2a. cos a.. 1273.

3R 11 V3cos11 ~
2 cosa.
2 • 1274. 2r8 V3 cot a.. 1275. 4 b11 sin a.2 cosX 112
x(45o-~)· 1276. 4mllcosa.(co;_;sin~Y1+sinZa.)_ 1277.

4IJ8 sin11 ~ 3
---,--.;_2 • 1278. V= 4l tan a. S= 4llll •
3 cosa. 3 V<2+tanll a.)s • (2+tan2 a.) cosa.
1279. P8 6t4a8h a. • 1280. 2m11 n cos a. cosll .!:. tan 1800 ..!. mBn X
2 n ' 6

180o Q tan ~ VQ cos <p

X sin 2a. tan - cos a.. 1281. 1282.
n 6 V2cos ~
16R2 cos' ~ 32R3 cose ~
2 2
~ 3V V2 tan a.. 1283. s-=i""n11;;--a.-c-os-a.' 3 sinZ a. cosa. • 1284.
206 PROBLBJIS IN GEOIIETRY

f
1285. lf zs cot a: cot ~.
4 sin ~ sin ( 60° + ~) sin ( 60° - ~)
1286. ! b8 sin 2a: sin 2~ cos ~. 1287. ! 48 cosa: cota: tan ~. 1288.

'3t R• cot ( 45,- 2a:) a: tan

cot 2 ~. 1289.
2l' sin1 a: cot ~V sin (a:+~) sin (~-a:) f b8 sm
. a:
3sin~
1290.
3 2 x
b2 cot .! cos1 ~
xysin ( ~ +60°) sin ( 60°- ~) 1291. 2 c~a: 2

1292. ~ b8 sin11 y cos y sin a: sin ~ sin (a: + ~). 1293. ! e8 sin ~ X

as cot ( 45° - ~ )
x ycOs"'(i. 1294. 41 sin ~ cot( 45° - ~) • 1295.. sinl ~sin a: •
d2 tan .!:. cos11 .!2
1296. as ycOs"Ci", ~ 25.39 dm8• 1297.
2
'cos ~ • 1298.
•>L • a:
ut SlD2

!3 H V (bl - Ifll) (e• - lfl) sin a. 1299. ms tan a: sin• (a: ·- ~)

3 sinll ~ cosl a:
241 sin11 (45° +a:) cot ( 45°- ~)
1300. • 1301. 3f H 8 tan cp sin 4cp.
sinll a
1302. 112 (48 - b8) tan a:. 1303. 84' cos1 ( 45° +~ ), ~ 186 dm•.
1304. V -cos 2cp. 1305. f2
(4s - b6s)
cos cp sm a:
1306. 6f X y;R•.
- ) .
XQ (2 V 2-f sm a: VQ cosa. 1307.
c3 sin 2a: tan ~
• 1308. f.
24
: :td8 sin 2acosa, ~ 80.32 cm8, ~ :td11 sin 2a:, 99.26cmll. 2. 0.25nQX

X VQ tan a:, ~H32 dm8.1309.

8nd2sin ( f5° + T)cos ( f5°-:) ,
cosll.!:..
2
da • a
n sm2 nh3
- - - . 1310. -:-¡- , ~ H03 dm8 • 1311.
3 a: sm 2a:
cos 2
 ANSWERS 20T

n;aZ y' sin ( ~ +p) sin ( ~ - P) 2R 8 sin pcos1 ~ tan a.

1312. 3

~ 3587 cm1•
sin a.
8 cosz ( 45° ·- : )
S-Q
1317. 2 arcsin-Q-. 1318.
1 a.
~ 6525
3 m.a cot3 2 tan a., dm8 •
a.
n;d 3 cot 2 2 cos a. a , r:::::-=
1319. , 100. 1 cm8 .1320. 1ta v cosa., ~14.32dm8 •
6sin2 ~ 12sin ~
Q-,;-2n;-Q-SI-.n-a.-
2
1321. 1322.
24n; siu2 ~ cos& ( 45° -.¡.) ' 3 sin 2a. sin a. cos1 ~ '

~78070dms.1323. a3a.2V4n;2-a.2.1324.n;V2c2sin2~cos(45o-a.},
1921t2 sin3 ~
2
n;c3 sin 3 2a.
12
1325. 4n;b 1 sin 2a. cos ( 30° + ~) cos ( 30°- ~ ) ,

2n;m3 cos1 ~ ~ + cos]- cot P)

! n;b 3 sin 2 2a.. 1326.
( 3 sin
3 1327.

n;d3 sin2 ..::_ sin2 !.2 8R 2 V2 sin (45° +!.) ,

r.:::==
~ 2 • 1328. 2 • 1329.1tm8 V cosa.,.
3 sin2 a. 2 ~ sin a. sin ~ 12sin ~

2nd2 cot ~ r 2 cot ~ cot ( 45° - ~ ) 7

1330. .
9 sm 2a. • 1331. 1332. -6 n;¡& X
cos ~
X sin 2a. cos a.. 1333. 2n;l 2 sin ( ~ + 15°) cos ( ~ - 15°) • 1334.

1tl2 sin a. tan a.. 1335. ~ n;¡& sin 2a. cos a. 1336. 0.5n;l1 ( 1 +
208 PROBLEMS IN GEOMETRY

.
+smta..tanlll a.)
2 2 +cos• 3a.)
,.6il nl8 tan 2a. ( coslll 2a. -cos 2a. cos 3a. 2 .
1337. ~ na8 sin a. cos ( 30° + ~) cos ( 30°- ~) 1338. i. nb8 ~
x sin 2a. cos a., 2. i nb sin 2a.. 1339.
8 2 i. 2na8 sin a. sin ~ ,

8na11 sin ~ , 2. 2na8 sin a. cos2 ~ , S:ta11 cos11 ~• 1340. ! nR 8 X

X sin ( ~ +P) sin ~ , 4nR 2 sin'( ~+ P) sin ~ • 1341. 8:tR' sin X

a. ) a. a.
X ( -r+P sin 2 cosz 4 , ~
4na3
445.4 cm11 • 1342. 27 sins 2a.. 1343.
va
a. nalll
na• tan11 2 . 1344. - - - - - 1345. nR 8 sin 2a. cos a.,
4 sin11 ~ cosa.

~ 200.3 dm8 • 1346. !

nr' cot8 ( 45°- ~-) cot ~ . 1347. S nR 8 X
2

x sin• a. cos11 2a. . 1348. nH cosa. a. ; ~ i545 cm11 • 1349. 3 Qx

11 11 4
cos'-
2
X~ sin8 2a. tan3 ~• 1350. Q sin a. cos ~ cos2 ( 45° - : ) ,
4m2 nr3 (7 + cos 2a.)
93.69 cm2 • 1351. -.- - , 1352. 2nR 2 sin X
sm2 a. 3 sinlll a
X (a.-PJ cos a.tp.

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