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ET Lab2 Report

This laboratory report summarizes a student's experiment on a series circuit. The student constructed a series circuit using resistors, a power supply, and a multimeter. Measurements were taken of the current and voltage across each resistor. The results matched theoretical calculations closely. In conclusion, digital multimeters provide an easier way to measure resistance than analog multimeters.

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Munisprasad Muniandy
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2K views7 pages

ET Lab2 Report

This laboratory report summarizes a student's experiment on a series circuit. The student constructed a series circuit using resistors, a power supply, and a multimeter. Measurements were taken of the current and voltage across each resistor. The results matched theoretical calculations closely. In conclusion, digital multimeters provide an easier way to measure resistance than analog multimeters.

Uploaded by

Munisprasad Muniandy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LABORATORY REPORT

DJJ 2022 – ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY


MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
(SERIES CIRCUIT)
LAB: 2 SESSION: JUNE 2019
COURSE: DKM CLASS:DKM2A
NAME MATRIX NUMBER
SELVEKUMAR A/L KANEEN 10DKM18F1147
MUNISPRASAD MUNIANDY 10DKM18F2008
10DKM18F
10DKM18F
10DKM18F

LECTURER NAME: EN. SOMASHANA A/L PRAKASAM


OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lab session students should be
able:

i) To build a series circuit


ii) To analyses the characteristics of a series
circuit connection

EQUIPMENTS: D.C. Voltage, Digital Multimeter, Bread Board,


Crocodile Clips, Connection Wires

SAFETY RULES:

1. Read all directions for an experiment several times. Follow the


directions exactly as they are written. If you are in doubt about any
part of the experiment, ask your lecturer for assistance.
2. Never perform activities that are not authorized by your lecturer.
Always obtain permission before “experimenting” on your own.
3. Never handle any equipment unless you have specific permission.
4. Take extreme care not to spill any material in the laboratory. If spills
occur, ask your lecturer immediately about the proper clean-up
procedure. Never simply pour chemicals or other substances into the
sink or trash container.
5. Never eat or drink in the laboratory. Wash your hands before and after
experiment.
6. There should be no loud talking or horseplay in the laboratory.
7. When performing a lab, make sure the work area has been cleaned of
purses, books, jackets, etc.
8. Know the location and use of all safety equipment (goggles, aprons,
eyewash, fire blanket, fire extinguisher, etc.)
9. Read your assignment before coming to class and be aware of all
safety precautions. Follow directions.
10.Never work alone in the lab.
THEORY:

To obtain the total resistance of all resistor,add the individual


resistance of each resistor

Figure 1. Resistor joined in series


Rtotal = R1 + R2 …….. .. . + Rn
This is a series circuit in which all the resistors are combined in series.
To calculate the current though the series circuit, use Ohm’s law.
I = V/Rtotal
To find the voltage across a compenent with resistance Ri, use Ohm’s law
again, ie
Vi = IRi

PROCEDURES:

Figure 1. Series Circuit


1. Construct the circuit based on figure 1.
2. Use a power supply to provide a D.C. Voltage of 5V to the circuit.
3. Use a digital multimeter to measure the voltage drops across resistor R1 and R2
4. Also by using the same digital multimeter measure the current flow IT, I1 and I2.
5. The obtained results are to be filled in figure 1.
6. Calculate the theoretical voltage drops and the current flow through the series
circuit

RESULTS:

Table 1 Measured and Calculate Current and Voltage


Resistor Measured Calculated Measured Calculated
Value Current Current Voltage Voltage
IT = 1.97 IT = 1.897
618Ω
I1 = 1.97 I1 = 1.897 VR1 = 1.289 VR1 = 0.949
0.9492018Ω
I2 = 1.97 I2 = 1.897 VR2 = 3.715 VR2 = 3.100
DISCUSSION:

1. A series is one with all the loads in a row. There is only ONE path for the electricity
to flow. If this circuit was a string of light bulbs, and blew out, the remaining bulbs
would turn off. In a series circuit, the amperage at any point in the circuit is the
same. This will help in calculating circuit values using Ohm’s law, you will notice
from the diagram that 1 amp continually flows through the circuit. We will get to
the calculations in a moment.
2. A “voltage drop” is. A voltage drop is the amount the voltage lowers when crossing
a component from the negative side to the positive side in a series circuit. If you
placed a multimeter across a resistor, the voltage drop would be the amount of
voltage you are reading. This is pictured with the red arrow in the diagram. Say a
battery is supplying 12 volts to a circuit of two resistors, each having a value of 5
Ohms. According to the previous rules we figure out the total resistance :

RT = R1+R2 = 5 = 5 = 10 Ohms
Next we calculate the amperage in the circuit
I = V/RT = 12V/10 Ohms = 1.2 Amp
Now that we know the amperage for the circuit (remember the amperage does not
change in a series circuit) we can calculate what the voltage drops across each
resistor is using Ohm’s Law (V = I × R).
V1 = 1.2A × 5 Ohms = 6V
V2 = 1.2A × 5 Ohms = 6V
CONCLUSION:

It is much easier to read the resistance value of resistor though a digital


multimeter than by using analog multimeter an by colour coding. In addition,
in using an analog multimeter, you have to consider first the range of the
resistance and make the zero-ohm adjustment in each and every reading. In
the case, that is the only time you can enquire the resistance value after a
slight inconvenient process.

REFERENCES:

1. David A. Bell (1995). Electronics Instrimentation and


Measurement (2nd Edition), Prentice Hall New Jersey,
USA.
2. Fakhru’l-Razi Ahmadun, Chuah Teong Guan, Mohd
Halim Shah Ismail. (2005) Safety:Principles&Practices in
the Laboratory, UPM Press.
QUESTIONS:

Based on the circuit of Figure 2 calculate:

a)Total Resistance

RT=R1+R2+R3+R4
RT= 2000 + 620 + 6.8 + 750
RT= 3376.8Ω

b)Currents IT, I1, I2, I3, I4

IT = I1 = I2 = I3 = I4
VT = ITRT
IT = 𝑉𝑇
𝑅𝑇
5
IT = 3376.8
IT = 1.48×10-3 Ma
c)Voltage drops on each resistor

𝑅1
V1 = (𝑅1+𝑅2+𝑅3+𝑅4 )VT
2000
V1 = (2000+620+6.8+750 )5
= 2.96V
𝑅2
V2 =(𝑅1+𝑅2+𝑅3+𝑅4 )VT
620
V2 = (2000+620+6.8+750 )5
= 0.92V

𝑅3
V3 = (𝑅1+𝑅2+𝑅3+𝑅4 )VT
6.8
V3 = (2000+620+6.8+750 )5
= 0.01V

𝑅4
V4 = (𝑅1+𝑅2+𝑅3+𝑅4 )VT
750
V4 =(2000+620+6.8+750 )5
=1.11V

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