Designation: A320/A320M − 15a

Standard Specification for

Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature
Service1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A320/A320M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope* 1.3 The following referenced general requirements are in-

1.1 This specification covers alloy steel bolting materials 2 dispensable for application of this specification: Specification
and bolting components for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, A962/A962M.
and fittings for low-temperature service. See Specification 1.4 Nuts for use with bolting are covered in Section 10 and
A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. The bars shall be the nut material shall be impact tested.
hot-wrought and may be further processed by centerless 1.5 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at the
grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall
solution annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. When apply only when specified in the purchase order or contract.
strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered, the pur-
chaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is 1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
thoroughly understood. and SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract
specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI) units,
1.2 Several grades are covered, including both ferritic and the inch-pound units shall apply.
austenitic steels designated L7, B8, etc. Selection will depend
on design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and 1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
low-temperature characteristics. The mechanical requirements are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
of Table 1 indicate the diameters for which the minimum each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
mechanical properties apply to the various grades and classes, system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
and Table 2 stipulates the requirements for Charpy impact values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
energy absorption. The manufacturer should determine that the with the standard.
material can conform to these requirements before parts are
2. Referenced Documents
manufactured. For example, when Grade L43 is specified to
meet the Table 2 impact energy values at −150 °F [−101 °C], 2.1 ASTM Standards:3
additional restrictions (such as procuring a steel with lower P A194/A194M Specification for Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel,
and S contents than might normally be supplied) in the and Stainless Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or
chemical composition for AISI 4340 are likely to be required. High Temperature Service, or Both
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
NOTE 1—The committee formulating this specification has included
several grades of material that have been rather extensively used for the
of Steel Products
present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by A962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements for
the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent. Users Bolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryo-
should note that hardenability of some of the grades mentioned may genic to the Creep Range
restrict the maximum size at which the required mechanical properties are E566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Sorting of
obtainable.
Ferrous Metals
F436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
F606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Proper-
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, ties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting
Washers, and Rivets (Metric) F0606_F0606M
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originally
3
approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A320/A320M–15. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
DOI: 10.1520/A0320_A0320M-15A. contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
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cation SA-320 in Section II of that Code. the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 A320/A320M − 15a
2.2 ASME Standards:4 5.1.3 When increased mechanical properties are desired,
B1.1 Screw Threads austenitic bolting shall be solution annealed and strain hard-
B18.22.1 Plain Washers ened if specified in the purchase order; material so treated is
identified as Class 2.
3. Ordering Information 5.1.4 If scale-free bright finish is required, this shall be
3.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the specified in the purchase order.
purchase order all information necessary to purchase the 5.1.5 For L7M bolting, the final heat treatment, which may
needed materials. Examples of such information include, but be the tempering or stress-relieving operation conducted at
are not limited to, the following: 1150 °F [620 °C] minimum, shall be done after machining or
3.1.1 Quantity and size, rolling of the threads and any type of cutting.
3.1.2 Heat-treated condition, that is, for the austenitic stain-
less steels, solution-treated (Class 1); solution-treated after 6. Mechanical Requirements
finishing (Class 1A); and annealed and strain-hardened (Class 6.1 Tensile Properties:
2),
6.1.1 Bolting material as represented by the tension speci-
3.1.3 Description of items required (bars, bolts, screws, or
mens shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties
studs),
prescribed in Table 1 at room temperature after heat treatment
3.1.4 Nuts and washers, if required by the purchaser, in
(see 5.1.1). Alternatively, Class 2 Strain Hardened Headed
accordance with Section 10, and
Bolting Components shall be tested full size after strain
3.1.5 Special requirements, in accordance with 5.1.1, 5.1.3, hardening to determine tensile strength and yield strength and
5.1.4, and 13.1. shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.
Should the results of full size tests conflict with results of
4. Common Requirements tension specimen tests, full size test results shall prevail.
4.1 Bolting materials and bolting components supplied to 6.1.2 Number of Tests:
this specification shall conform to the requirements of Speci- 6.1.2.1 For heat-treated bars, one tension test and one
fication A962/A962M. These requirements include test impact test consisting of three specimens shall be made for
methods, finish, thread dimensions, macroetch (carbon and each diameter of each heat represented in each tempering
alloy steels only) marking, certification, optional supplemen- charge. When heat treated without interruption in continuous
tary requirements, and others. Failure to comply with the furnaces, the material in a lot shall be the same heat, same prior
requirements of Specification A962/A962M constitutes non- condition, same size, and subjected to the same heat treatment.
conformance with this specification. In case of conflict be- Not fewer than two tensile tests and two impact tests are
tween the requirements in this specification and Specification required for each lot containing 20 000 lbs [9000 kg] or less.
A962/A962M, this specification shall prevail. Every additional 10 000 lbs [4500 kg] or fraction thereof
requires an additional tensile test and impact test.
5. Materials and Manufacture
6.1.2.2 For studs, bolts, screws, etc., one tension test and
5.1 Heat Treatment: one set of three impact specimens shall be made for each
5.1.1 Bolting materials shall be allowed to cool to room diameter of each heat involved in the lot. Each lot shall consist
temperature after rolling or forging. Grades L7, L7A, L7B, of the following:
L7C, L7M, L43, L1, L70, L71, L72, and L73 shall be reheated Diameter, in. [mm] Lot Size, lb [kg]
to above the upper critical temperature and liquid quenched
and tempered. Grades B8, B8C, B8M, B8T, B8F, B8P, B8LN, 11⁄8 [30] and under 1500 [680] or fraction thereof
Over 11⁄8 [30] to 13⁄4 [45], 4500 [2040] or fraction
and B8MLN shall receive a carbide solution treatment. Prod- incl thereof
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ucts made from such material are described as Class 1. This Over 13⁄4 [45] to 21⁄2 [65], 6000 [2700] or fraction
shall consist of holding the bolting material for a sufficient time incl thereof
Over 21⁄2 [65] 100 pieces or fraction thereof
at a temperature at which the chromium carbide will go into
solution and then cooling in air or in a liquid medium at a rate 6.1.2.3 Full Size Specimens, Headed Bolting Components—
sufficient to prevent reprecipitation of the carbide. Bolting Headed bolts, studs, or screws 1 1⁄2 in. in body diameter and
material thus treated is described as Class 1. If specified in the smaller, with body length three times the diameter or longer,
purchase order, bolting material shall be solution treated in the and which are produced by upsetting or forging (hot or cold)
finished condition and shall be described as Class 1A. shall be subjected to full size testing in accordance with 6.1.3.
5.1.2 Use of water quenching is prohibited for any ferritic This testing shall be in addition to tensile testing as specified in
grade when heat treatment is performed after heading or 6.1.1. The lot size shall be shown in 6.1.2.2. Failure shall occur
threading. in the body or threaded sections with no failure, or indications
of failure, such as cracks, at the junction of the head and shank.
6.1.3 Full Size Bolting Components, Wedge Tensile
4
Testing—When applicable, see 6.1.2.3. Headed bolts, studs, or
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:// screws shall be wedge tested full size in accordance with
www.asme.org. Annex A3 of Test Methods and Definitions A370 and shall

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TABLE 1 Mechanical Requirements

Copyright ASTM International

Minimum Tensile Yield Strength, Elongation
Reduction
Tempering Strength, min, ksi in 2 in. Hardness
Class and Grade, Diameter, in [mm] Heat Treatment of Area,
Temperature min, ksi [MPa] (0.2 % or 50 max
min, %

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°F [°C] [MPa] offset) mm min, %
Ferritic Steels
L7, L7A, L7B, L7C, L70, L71, L72, L73 125 105 16 50 321 HBW or 35
HRC
21⁄2 [65] and underA quenched and tempered 1100 [860] [725]
[593]
L43 125 105 16 50 321 HBW or 35

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HRC
A
4 [100] and under quenched and tempered 1100 [860] [725]
[593]
L7M 100 80 18 50 235 HBWB or
99 HRB
21⁄2 [65] and underA quenched and tempered 1150 [690] [550]
[620]
L1 125 105 16 50 ...
1 [25] and underA quenched and tempered [860] [725]
Austenitic SteelsC
Class 1: B8, B8C, B8M, B8P, carbide solution treated 75 30 30 50 223 HBWD or
B8F, B8T, B8LN, B8MLN, all diameters [515] [205] 96 HRB
Class 1A: B8A, B8CA, B8MA, B8PA, carbide solution treated in the 75 30 30 50 192 HBW or 90
B8FA, B8TA, B8LNA, finished condition [515] [205] HRB
B8MLNA, all diameters
Class 2: B8, B8C, B8P, B8F, B8T: carbide solution treated and strain
hardened
34
⁄ [20] and under 125 100 12 35 321 HBW or 35
[860] [690] HRC
34
over ⁄ to 1 [20 to 25], incl 115 80 15 30 321 HBW or 35
[795] [550] HRC
over 1 to 11⁄4 [25 to 32], incl 105 65 20 35 321 HBW or 35
[725] [450] HRC
A320/A320M − 15a

over 11⁄4 to 11⁄2 [32 to 40], inclA 100 50 28 45 321 HBW or 35

[690] [345] HRC
Class 2: B8M: carbide solution treated and strain

Not for Resale, 01/26/2016 13:09:28 MST

hardened
34
⁄ [20] and under 110 95 15 45 321 HBW or 35
[760] [655] HRC
over 3⁄4 to 1 [20 to 25], incl 100 80 20 45 321 HBW or 35
[690] [550] HRC
over 1 to 11⁄4 [25 to 32], incl 95 65 25 45 321 HBW or 35
[655] [450] HRC
over 11⁄4 to 11⁄2 [32 to 40], inclA 90 50 30 45 321 HBW or 35
[620] [345] HRC
A
These upper diameter limits were established on the basis that these were the largest sizes commonly available that consistently met specification property limits. They are not intended as absolute limits beyond which
bolting materials could no longer be certified to the specification.

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B
To meet the tensile requirements, the Brinell hardness shall not be less than 200 HBW or 93 HRB.
C
Class 1 products are made from solution-treated material. Class 1A products are solution treated in the finished condition for corrosion resistance; heat treatment is critical for enhancing this physical property and meeting
the mechanical property requirements. Class 2 products are made from solution-treated material that has been strain hardened. Austenitic steels in the strain-hardened condition may not show uniform properties
throughout the cross section, particularly in sizes over 3⁄4 in. [20 mm] in diameter.
D
For sizes 3⁄4 in. [20 mm] in diameter and smaller, a maximum hardness of 241 HBW (100 HRB) is permitted.
 A320/A320M − 15a
TABLE 2 Impact Energy Absorption Requirements 6.2.1.2 The impact test requirements for standard and sub-
Minimum Impact Value Minimum Impact size Charpy test specimens are prescribed in Table 2.
Size of Required for Average Value Permitted for
Specimen, mm of Each Set of Three One Specimen Only
6.2.2 Number of Tests:
Specimens, ft·lbf [J] of a Set, ft·lbf [J] 6.2.2.1 The test requirements for heat-treated bars are given
in 6.1.2.1.
All Grades Except L1A
6.2.2.2 For test requirements on studs, bolts, screws, etc.,
10 by 10 20 [27] 15 [20] see 6.1.2.2.
10 by 7.5 16 [22] 12 [16] 6.2.2.3 Impact tests are not required to be made on heat-
Grade L1 treated bars, bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts 1⁄2 in. [12.5
mm] and under in diameter.
10 by 10 40 [54] 30 [41]
10 by 7.5 32 [44] 24 [32]
6.2.3 Test Specimens—For sections 1 in. [25 mm] or less in
A
diameter, test specimens shall be taken at the axis; for sections
See 6.2.1.1 for permitted exemptions.
over 1 in. [25 mm] in diameter, midway between the axis and
the surface.
6.3 Hardness Requirements:
6.3.1 The hardness shall conform to the requirements pre-
conform to the tensile strength shown in Table 1. The minimum scribed in Table 1. Hardness testing shall be performed in
full size breaking strength (lbf) for individual sizes shall be as accordance with either Specification A962/A962M or with Test
follows: Methods F606.
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Ts 5 UTS 3 As (1) 6.3.2 The maximum hardness of Grade L7M shall be 235
where: HBW or 99 HRB (conversion in accordance with Table
Number 2B of Test Methods and Definitions A370). Minimum
Ts = Wedge tensile strength
hardness shall not be less than 200 HBW or 93 HRB.
UTS = Tensile strength specified in Table 1, and
As = Stress area, square inches, as shown in ASME B1.1 Conformance to this hardness shall be ensured by testing each
or calculated as follows: bolt or stud by Brinell or Rockwell B methods in accordance
with 6.3.1.
As 5 0.785 ~ D 2 ~ 0.974/n !! 2 (2)
6.3.2.1 The use of 100 % electromagnetic testing for hard-
where: ness as an alternative to 100 % indentation hardness testing is
D = Nominal thread size, and permissible when qualified by sampling using indentation
n = The number of threads per inch. hardness testing. Each lot tested for hardness electromagneti-
cally shall be 100 % examined in accordance with Practice
6.2 Impact Properties: E566. Following electromagnetic testing for hardness, a ran-
6.2.1 Requirements: dom sample of a minimum of 100 pieces in each purchase lot
6.2.1.1 Impact tests are required for the grades shown in (as defined in 6.1.2.2) shall be tested by indentation hardness
Table 3. Class 1, 1A, and 2 austenitic steels for temperatures methods. All samples must meet hardness requirements to
above -325 °F [-200 °C]; Class 1 and 1A austenitic Grades B8, permit acceptance of the lot. If any one sample is outside of the
B8A, B8P, B8PA, B8C, B8CA, B8LN, and B8LNA above -425 specified maximum or minimum hardness, the lot shall be
°F [-255 °C]; and ferritic or austenitic bolting 1⁄2 in. (12.5 mm) rejected and either reprocessed and resampled, or tested 100 %
and smaller, are exempt from impact testing, unless Supple- by indentation hardness methods.
mentary Requirement S1 is specified in the purchase order (see
6.3.2.2 In the event a controversy exists relative to mini-
1.4). All other material furnished under this specification shall
mum strength, tension tests shall prevail over hardness read-
be tested. Material of Grades L7, L7A, L7B, L7C, L7M, L43,
ings. Products which have been tested and found acceptable
L70, L71, L72, and L73 shall show a minimum impact energy
shall have a line under the grade symbol.
absorption of 20 ft · lbf [27 J] and of Grade L1 a minimum
impact energy absorption of 40 ft · lbf [54 J] at the test
7. Chemical Composition
temperature when tested by the procedure specified in the
applicable portions of Sections 19 to 28 of Test Methods and 7.1 Each alloy shall conform to the chemical composition
Definitions A370. The temperature of the coolant used for requirements prescribed in Table 3.
chilling the test specimens shall be controlled within 63 °F
[1.5 °C]. Test temperatures for ferritic grades are listed in Table 8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
4. Exceptions to this requirement are permissible, and the
8.1 Bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts shall be pointed and
impact tests may be made at specified temperatures different
shall have a workmanlike finish.
than those shown in Table 4, provided the test temperature is at
least as low as the intended service temperature and the bolting
9. Retests
is suitably marked to identify the reported test temperature.
When impact testing is required for austenitic grades, test 9.1 If the results of the mechanical tests of any test lot do
criteria shall be agreed upon between the supplier and pur- not conform to the requirements specified, the manufacturer
chaser. may retreat such lot not more than twice, in which case two

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 A320/A320M − 15a
TABLE 3 Chemical Requirements (Composition, %)A
Type . . . . . . Ferritic
Steels
Grade
L7, L7M, L70 L7A, L71 L7B, L72 L7C, L73 L43 L1
Symbol . . . . .
Carbon- Chromium- Nickel-Chromium- Nickel-Chromium-
Molybdenum Molybdenum Molybdenum Molybdenum
B
Description . . . Chromium-Molybdenum (AISI 4037) (AISI 4137) (AISI 8740) (AISI 4340) Low-Carbon Boron
Product Product Product Product Product Product
Variation, Variation, Variation, Variation, Variation, Variation,
Range, Range, Range, Range, Range, Range,
% % % % % %
% % % % % %
Over or Over or Over or Over or Over or Over or
Under Under Under Under Under Under
Carbon 0.38– 0.02 0.35– 0.02 0.35– 0.02 0.38– 0.02 0.38– 0.02 0.17– 0.01
C
0.48 0.40 0.40 0.43 0.43 0.24
Manganese 0.75– 0.04 0.70– 0.03 0.70– 0.03 0.75– 0.04 0.60– 0.03 0.70– 0.04
1.00 0.90 0.90 1.00 0.85 1.40
Phosphorus 0.035 0.005 0.035 0.005 0.035 0.005 0.035 0.005 0.035 0.005 0.035 0.005
max over over over over over over
Sulfur, max 0.040 0.005 0.040 0.005 0.040 0.005 0.040 0.005 0.040 0.005 0.050 0.005
over over over over over over
Silicon 0.15– 0.02 0.15– 0.02 0.15– 0.02 0.15– 0.02 0.15– 0.02 0.15– 0.02
0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.30
Nickel ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.40– 0.03 1.65– 0.05 ... ...
0.70 2.00
Chromium 0.80– 0.05 ... ... 0.80– 0.05 0.40– 0.03 0.70– 0.03 ... ...
1.10 1.10 0.60 0.90
Molybdenum 0.15– 0.02 0.20– 0.02 0.15– 0.02 0.20– 0.02 0.20– 0.02 ... ...
0.25 0.30 0.25 0.30 0.30
Boron ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.001– ...
0.003
Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Austenitic Steels, Classes 1, 1A, and 2D
Grade Symbol . . . . . . . B8, B8A B8C, B8CA
UNS Designation. . . . . . . . . . . S 30400(304) S 34700(347)
Product Variation, % Product Variation, %
Range, % Range, %
Over or Under Over or Under
Carbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over
Manganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Silicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over
Nickel 8.0–11.0 0.15 9.0–12.0 0.15
Chromium 18.0–20.0 0.20 17.0–19.0 0.20
Columbium + Tantalum ... ... 10 × carbon 0.05 under
content, min. –1.10
max
Type. . . . . . . . Austenitic Steels, Classes 1, 1A, and 2D
Grade Symbol . . . . . . B8T, B8TA B8P, B8PA B8F, B8FA B8M, B8MA
UNS Designation . . . . S 32100(321) S 30500 S 30300(303) S 30323(303Se) S 31600(316)
Product Product Product Product Product
Variation, % Variation, % Variation, % Variation, % Variation, %
Range, % Range, % Range, % Range, % Range, %
Over or Over or Over or Over or Over or
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Under Under Under Under Under

Carbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.12 0.01 over 0.15 0.01 over 0.15 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over
Manganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.20 0.010 over 0.20 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over
Sulfur 0.030, max 0.005 over 0.030, max 0.005 over 0.15, min 0.020 0.06, max 0.010 over 0.030, max 0.005 over
Silicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over
9.0– 11– 8.0– 8.0– 10.0–
Nickel 0.15 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.15
12.0 13.0 10.0 10.0 14.0
17.0– 17.0– 17.0– 17.0– 16.0–
Chromium 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 18.0
2.00–
Molybdenum ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.10
3.00
0.15–
Selenium ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.03 under ... ...
0.35
Titanium 5× 0.05 under ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
(C+N) min
-0.7 max
Nitrogen 0.10, max 0.01 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Austenitic Steels, Classes 1 and 1A
Grade Symbol . . . . . . . B8LN, B8LNA B8MLN, B8MLNA
UNS Designation . . . . . . . . . . . S 30453 S 31653
Product Variation, % Product Variation, %
Range, % Range, %
Over or Under Over or Under
Carbon, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Manganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over

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 A320/A320M − 15a
TABLE 3 Continued
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Silicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over
Nickel 8.0–11 0.15 10.0–13.0 0.15
Chromium 18.0–20.0 0.20 16.0–18.0 0.20
Molybdenum ... ... 2.00–3.00 0.10
Nitrogen 0.10–0.16 0.01 0.10–0.16 0.01
A
The intentional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted except for Grade B8F, in which selenium is specified and required.
B
Typical steel compositions used for this grade include 4140, 4142, 4145, 4140H, 4142H, and 4145H.
C
For the L7M grade, a minimum carbon content of 0.28 % is permitted provided that the required tensile properties are met in the section sizes involved; the use of AISI
4130 or 4130H is allowed.
D
Class 1 are made from solution-treated material. Class 1A products (B8A, B8CA, B8MA, B8PA, B8FA, and B8TA) are solution-treated in the finished condition. Class
2 products are solution-treated and strain-hardened.

TABLE 4 Recommended Test Temperature for Stock Parts 10.5 Washers for use with austenitic steel bolting shall be
Test Temperature made of austenitic steel as agreed upon between the manufac-
Grade
°F °C turer and purchaser.

L7M, L70, L71, L72, L73 −100 −73 10.6 Washer dimensions shall be in accordance with re-
L7, L7A, L7B, L7C −150 −101 quirements of ASME B18.22.1, unless otherwise specified in
L43 −150 −101 the purchase order.
L1 −100 −73

11. Threads
additional tension tests and one additional impact test consist- 11.1 Where practical, all threads shall be formed after heat
ing of three specimens shall be made from such lot, all of treatment. Class 1A, Grades B8A, B8CA, B8MA, B8PA,
which shall conform to the requirements specified. B8FA, B8TA, B8LNA, and B8MLNA are to be solution-
treated in the finished condition.
10. Nuts and Washers
10.1 Bolts, studs, and stud bolts of Grades L7, L7A, L7B, 12. Certification
L7C, L43, L1, L70, L71, L72, and L73 shall be equipped with
ferritic alloy nuts conforming to Grade 4 or Grade 7 of 12.1 Certification is required. See Specification A962/
Specification A194/A194M or a grade of steel similar to the A962M.
studs. Grade 7M nuts at a hardness not exceeding 235 HBW (or
equivalent) shall be used with Grade L7M bolts, studs, and stud 13. Product Marking
bolts. All nut materials, including those which may be supplied 13.1 In addition to the requirements of Specification A962/
under Specification A194/A194M, shall be subject to the A962M, the grade symbol marked shall be as shown in Table
impact requirements of this specification in the following 3. In the case of Class 2, Grades B8, B8C, B8M, B8P, B8F, and
manner: impact tests shall be made on test specimens taken B8T strain hardened as provided in Table 1, a line shall be
from the nuts or nut blanks or the bar from the heat of steel stamped under the grade symbol in order to distinguish it from
used for manufacturing the nuts, and heat treated with the nut Class 1 and Class 1A bolting which has not been strain
blanks. hardened. In the case of Class 1A, the marking B8A, B8CA,
10.2 Bolts, studs, and stud bolts of Grades B8, B8C, B8T, B8MA, B8PA, B8FA, B8TA, B8LNA, and B8MLNA identifies
B8P, B8F, B8M, B8LN, and B8MLN shall be equipped with the material as being in the solution-treated condition in the
austenitic alloy nuts conforming to Grades 8, 8C, 8T, 8F, 8M, finished state. Grade L7M no longer requires a line under the
8LN, and 8MLN for Specification A194/A194M. Impact tests grade symbol. However, a line is permitted.
are not required for Grades 8F, 8M, 8T, and 8MLN for 13.2 Nuts from materials that have been impact tested shall
temperatures above −325 °F [−200 °C] and for Grades 8, 8P, be marked with the letter “L.”
8C, and 8LN above −425 °F [−255 °C].
10.3 If the purchaser requires nuts with a Charpy impact 14. Keywords
energy absorption of not less than 20 ft · lbf [27 J] at 14.1 additional elements; austenitic stainless steel; bolts—
temperatures below −150 °F [−100 °C], he may require that the steel; chromium-molybdenum steel; bolting components—
nuts conform to Grades 8, 8C, 8M, 8P, 8T, 8F, 8LN, or 8MLN steel; markings on fittings; nickel-chromium-molybdenum al-
of Specification A194/A194M. loy steel; pressure vessel service; stainless steel bolting;
10.4 Washers for use with ferritic steel bolting shall con- starting material; steel bars—alloy; steel bolting; steel flanges;
form to Specification F436. steel valves; temperature service applications—low

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 A320/A320M − 15a
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
inquiry, contract, and order.

S1. Impact Properties S3. Hardness Testing of Class 2 Bolting Components for
S1.1 When impact properties are desired for austenitic steel ASME Applications
grades exempt from testing under 6.2.1, test shall be made as S3.1 The maximum hardness shall be Rockwell C35 imme-
agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. diately under the thread roots. The hardness shall be taken on
S2. Lateral Expansion a flat area at least 1⁄8 in. [3 mm] across, prepared by removing
S2.1 When lateral expansion measurements for ferritic threads. No more material than necessary shall be removed to
steels are required in addition to the energy absorption require- prepare the flat area. Hardness determinations shall be made at
ments of 6.2.1.1, the minimum value for each specimen of a set the same frequency as tensile tests.
must be .015 in. [0.38 mm]. The test temperature shall be
specified by the purchaser and agreed upon by the producer. S4. Restriction to Use Only Ingot Cast Steel
NOTE S2.1—Grades L7, L7A, L7B will generally have difficulty
meeting the minimum value at −150 °F [−101 °C]. Grade L43 may be
S4.1 The starting material must be ingot cast. Use of
preferred. continuous cast material is not permitted.

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. STRAIN HARDENING OF AUSTENITIC STEELS

X1.1 Strain hardening is the increase in strength and hard- greater the penetration of strain hardening.
ness that results from plastic deformation below the recrystal-
X1.2 Thus, the mechanical properties of a given strain

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lization temperature (cold work). This effect is produced in
austenitic stainless steels by reducing oversized bars or wire to hardened bolting components, such as a bolt, screw, or stud, are
dependent not just on the alloy, but also on the size of bar from
the desired final size by cold drawing or other process. The
which it is machined. The minimum bar size that can be used,
degree of strain hardening achievable in any alloy is limited by
however, is established by the configuration of the component,
its strain hardening characteristics. In addition, the amount of
so that the configuration can affect the strength of the compo-
strain hardening that can be produced is further limited by the
nent.
variables of the process, such as the total amount of cross-
section reduction, die angle, and bar size. In large diameter X1.3 For example, a stud of a particular alloy and size may
bars, for example, plastic deformation will occur principally in be machined from a smaller diameter bar than a bolt of the
the outer regions of the bar, so that the increased strength and same alloy and size because a larger diameter bar is required to
hardness due to strain hardening is achieved predominantly accommodate the head of the bolt. The stud, therefore, is likely
near the surface of the bar. That is, the smaller the bar, the to be stronger than the same size bolt in a given alloy.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A320/A320M–15, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved November 1, 2015)

(1) Changed the words “fastener” or “fasteners” to “bolting

components” to be in accord with the definition of bolting in
Specification A962/A962M in 1.1, 4.1, 5.1.1, 6.1.1, 6.1.2.1,
6.1.2.2, 6.1.2.3, 14, and X1.2.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A320/A320M–14, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved May 1, 2015)

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 A320/A320M − 15a
(1) Removed 4.2. (2) Added 5.1.2 and renumbered the paragraphs that follow.

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