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Unit 4 - Week
1: Finite Difference Method (FDM) - I

Course
outline
Week 1 Assignment 1
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the portal? assignment.

Pre-requisite 1) A finite-differencing scheme is stable in the following cases 1 point

Assignment Statement 1: The numerical domain of influence is smaller than the physical domain of influence.
Statement 2: The numerical domain of influence for the problem contains the physical domain of
MATLAB influence.
Statement 3: The numerical velocity must be more than the physical velocity.
Week 1: Finite Statement 4: The numerical velocity must be less than the physical velocity.
Difference
Method (FDM) - I
Only statement 1 is correct
Lecture 1
Only statement 2 is correct
Lecture 2
Only statement 3 is correct
Lecture 3
Only statement 4 is correct
Lecture slides
week 1 Only statements 1 and 3 are correct

Exercise 1 Only statements 1 and 4 are correct

Exercise 2 Only statements 2 and 3 are correct

Exercise 3 Only statements 2 and 4 are correct

Matlab program None of the statements are correct

for exercise1
No, the answer is incorrect.
Matlab program Score: 0
for exercise2
Accepted Answers:
First Matlab Only statements 2 and 3 are correct
program for
exercise3 2) Assume Δx and Δy to be the step-sizes with indices i and j along x- and y-axes 1 point
respectively.
Second Matlab
program for
exercise3 ∇2 φ(x, y) = 0

Lab tour 1 The finite-difference representation for two-dimensional Laplace equation using central differencing
scheme is
Summary week © 2014 NPTEL - Privacy & Terms - Honor Code - FAQs -
1
A project of In association with
Quiz : Week 1 φ(i+1,j)−2φ(i,j)+φ(i−1,j) φ(i,j+1)−2φ(i,j)+φ(i,j−1)
Assignment 1 Δx
+ Δy
=0
Week 1 -
Funded by
Feedback:

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Computational φ(i+1,j)−2φ(i,j)+φ(i−1,j) φ(i,j+1)−2φ(i,j)+φ(i,j−1)

Powered by + =0
Electromagnetics Δx 2 Δy 2
& Applications

φ(i+1,j)+φ(i−1,j) φ(i,j+1)+φ(i,j−1)
Week 2: Finite + =0
Difference Δx 2 Δy 2
Method (FDM) - II
φ(i+1,j)−φ(i,j)+φ(i−1,j) φ(i,j+1)−φ(i,j)+φ(i,j−1)
Week 3: Finite + =0
Δy 2 Δx 2
Difference
Method (FDM) - None of these
III
No, the answer is incorrect.
Week 4: Score: 0
Boundary Accepted Answers:
Conditions φ(i+1,j)−2φ(i,j)+φ(i−1,j) φ(i,j+1)−2φ(i,j)+φ(i,j−1)
+ =0
Δx 2 Δy 2
Week 5:
Variational 3) Which of the following is(are) the correct computational stencil(s) for a one-dimensional 1 point
2
Methods wave equation with aspect ratio r = (kΔt/Δx) where, k is a constant, Δt and Δx are step-sizes
in time and x-axis respectively? (filled-squares represent known points and empty-circles represent
Week 6: Finite unknown point in the figure)
Element Method
-I

Week 7: Finite
Element Method
- II

Week 8: Method
of Moment

Week 9: Finite Statement 1: Explicit scheme with aspect ratio <1

Volume Method -
I & II

Week 10: Finite

Volume Method -
III

Week 11:
Algebraic
Topological Statement 2: Implicit Scheme with aspect ratio = 1
Method - I

Week 12:
Algebraic
Topological
Method - II and
Mimetic Method

Video Download

TEXT Statement 3: Explicit scheme with aspect ratio = 1

TRANSCRIPTS

Statement 4: Implicit Scheme with aspect ratio < 1

Only statement 1 is correct.

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Only statement 2 is correct

Only statement 3 is correct

Only statement 4 is correct.

Only statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Only statements 1 and 3 are correct.

Only statements 2 and 4 are correct.

Only statements 3 and 4 are correct.

None of the statements are correct.

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
Only statements 1 and 3 are correct.

4) d2y 1 point
The central-difference formulation of the differential
dx 2
at point x = 4 with step-size
Δx = 4 is

y(8)+y(0)
4

y(8)−2y(4)+y(0)
4

y(8)−2y(4)+y(0)
16

y(8)+y(0)
16
None of these.

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
y(8)−2y(4)+y(0)
16

5) Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct for a first-order, one-dimensional partial 1 point
differential equation (PDE) with constant spatial step-size?
Statement 1: The order of truncation error in forward-differencing is less than that of central-
differencing.
Statement 2: The order of truncation error in backward-differencing is more than that of central-
differencing.
Statement 3: The order of truncation error in forward-differencing is same as that of central-
differencing.
Statement 4: The order of truncation error in forward-differencing is same as that of backward-
differencing.

Only statement 1 is correct

Only statement 2 is correct

Only statement 3 is correct

Only statement 4 is correct.

Only statements 1 and 2 are correct

Only statements 1 and 3 are correct.

Only statements 1 and 4 are correct

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Only statements 2 and 3 are correct

Only statements 2 and 4 are correct.

Only statements 3 and 4 are correct

Only statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct

Only statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct

Only statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct

Only statements 2, 3, and 4 are correct

None of the statements are correct

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
Only statements 1 and 4 are correct

6) Assume Δx is the step-size with index i along the x-axis and Δt is the time-step with 1 point
index n . What is the forward-difference (FD) and central-difference (CD) formulation for the given
equation?

∂ t u(x, t) = ∂ x u(x, t)

FD: u(i + 1, n) = Δx
u(i, n) + (1 − Δx
Δt
)u(i, n − 1)
Δt2

CD: u(i + 1, n) = Δx
u(i, n) + (1 + Δx
Δt
)u(i, n − 1)
Δt2

FD: u(i, n + 1) = Δt
Δx
u(i + 1, n) + (1 − Δt
Δx
)u(i, n)
CD: u(i, n + 1) = Δt
Δx
(u(i + 1, n) + u(i, n − 1)) − Δt
Δx
u(i − 1, n)

FD: u(i, n + 1) = Δt
Δx
u(i + 1, n) + (1 − Δx
Δt
)u(i, n)
Δt Δt
CD: u(i, n + 1) = Δx u(i + 1, n) − Δx u(i − 1, n) + u(i, n − 1)

FD: u(i + 1, n) = Δx
Δt
(u(i + 1, n) + u(i, n))
CD: u(i, n + 1) = Δx
Δt
u(i + 1, n) − Δt
Δx
u(i − 1, n) + (1 − Δx
Δt
)u(i, n − 1)

None of these.

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:

FD: u(i, n + 1) = Δt
Δx
u(i + 1, n) + (1 − Δx
Δt
)u(i, n)
Δt Δt
CD: u(i, n + 1) = Δx u(i + 1, n) − Δx u(i − 1, n) + u(i, n − 1)
7) Assume Δx is the step-size with index i along the x-axis and Δt is the time-step with 1 point
index n .

∂ tt u(x, t) = ∂ xx u(x, t)
The central-difference explicit-formulation and aspect-ratio r for the given equation are

u(i, n + 1) = r[u(i + 1, n) − 2u(i, n) + u(i − 1, n)] + 2u(i, n) − u(i, n − 1)

r = Δt 2 /Δx2

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u(i, n + 1) = r[u(i + 1, n) + u(i − 1, n)] + u(i, n − 1)

r= 2Δt/Δx

u(i, n + 1) = r[u(i + 1, n) − 2u(i, n) + u(i − 1, n)] + 2u(i, n) − u(i, n − 1)

r = Δx/Δt 2

u(i, n + 1) = r[u(i + 1, n) − u(i, n) + u(i − 1, n)] + u(i, n − 1)

r = Δx2 /Δt
None of these

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
u(i, n + 1) = r[u(i + 1, n) − 2u(i, n) + u(i − 1, n)] + 2u(i, n) − u(i, n − 1)
r = Δt 2 /Δx2
8) If i is the index in x-direction then, the forward-difference approximation of a third-order 1 point
d 3 f(x)
differential is
dx 3

f(i+3)−f(i+2)+f(i+1)−f(i)
(Δx)2

f(i+3)+3f(i+2)+3f(i+1)+f(i)
(Δx)3

f(i+3)−3f(i+2)+3f(i+1)−f(i)
(Δx)3

f(i+3)+3f(i+2)−f(i)
Δx 2
None of these.

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
f(i+3)−3f(i+2)+3f(i+1)−f(i)
(Δx)3

9) Common data for questions 9 and 10 1 point

d 2 y(x)
For an ordinary differential equation (ODE),
dx 2
+ y(x) = 1 in 0 < x < L with boundary
conditions y(0) = y(L) = 0. The domain is divided as shown in the figure with step-size h and index i in
x-direction.

The finite-difference formulation using central-differencing scheme is

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y(i + 1) = (h2 − 2)y(i) + y(i − 1)

y(i + 1) = h2 − [y(i) + y(i − 1)]

y(i + 1) = h − [(h − 2)y(i) + y(i − 1)]

y(i + 1) = h2 − [(h2 − 2)y(i) + y(i − 1)]

None of these

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
y(i + 1) = h2 − [(h2 − 2)y(i) + y(i − 1)]
10)The value of y(1) and y(2) are 1 point

y(1) = h2 and y(2) = 0

y(1) = h2 and y(2) = 3h2 − h4

y(1) = 0 and y(2) = h2

y(1) = h and y(2) = 3h − h2

None of these

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
y(1) = h2 and y(2) = 3h2 − h4
11)Common data for questions 11 and 12 1 point

Assume Δx is the step-size with index i in x-direction and Δt is the time-step with index n . For the
one-dimensional heat-equation,

∂ t u(x, t) − ∂ xx u(x, t) = 0
The finite-difference formulation of the above equation, using forward-differencing in time and central-
differencing in space, is

2Δt
u(i, n + 1) = Δx
[u(i + 1, n) + u(i, n − 1)] + u(i, n − 1)

Δt
u(i, n + 1) = [u(i + 1, n) − 2u(i, n) + u(i, n − 1)]
(Δx)2

Δt
u(i, n + 1) = Δx
[u(i + 1, n) − 2u(i, n) + u(i, n − 1)] + u(i − 1, n)

Δt
u(i, n + 1) = [u(i + 1, n) − 2u(i, n) + u(i − 1, n)] + u(i, n)
(Δx)2

None of these

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0

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Accepted Answers:
Δt
u(i, n + 1) = [u(i + 1, n) − 2u(i, n) + u(i − 1, n)] + u(i, n)
(Δx)2

12)For Δx = 1 and Δt = 1 with the initial-conditions given as 1 point

u(0, 0) = u(2, 0) = u(3, 0) = u(4, 0) = 0, u(1, 0) = 1, calculate u(2, 1) and u(1, 2) using
the result from the above problem.

u(2, 1) = 1 and u(1, 2) = 3

u(2, 1) = 0 and u(1, 2) = -2

u(2, 1) = 7 and u(1, 2) = -1

u(2, 1) = 2 and u(1, 2) = 1

None of these.

No, the answer is incorrect.

Score: 0
Accepted Answers:
u(2, 1) = 1 and u(1, 2) = 3

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