REPORT ON

ER Diagram for Library Management System

A mini project report

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award
Bachelors in Computer Application
(2018-2019)

SUBMITED TO

MAHARAJA GANGA SINGH UNIVERSITY, BIKANER(RAJ)

SUBMITED BY GUIDED BY

……………….. ……………………..

IN SUPERVIGINE OF

B.J.S.R. Jain College, BIKANER (RAJ.)

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A project can never be completed Without the help of teachers , friends and family .I am greatly

thank full to all those persons who helped me to complete my project .

This project mainly helps us to know about the basic concepts database . The work is done with

under supervision of Prof. Anil Lata . This project may be not completed perfectly special

thanks to Mausam mam. who provided us the environment of completing my project.

Last but not the least only because of the help of my family , friends and teachers who supported

me to complete my project . Thanks to all.

……………….

BCA PART 1
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that work entitled has been carried out by ……………………. Under the

guidance of ………………… and supervision in the department of BACHLORE’S IN

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS, B.J.S.R College, Bikaner for completing her mini project on the

topic “ER Diagram for Library Management System” .

……………………….
Project Guide
ER Diagram for
Library
Management
System
 INDEX

 Certificate
 Acknowledgement
 Introduction of DBMS
 Entity Relationship Diagram
 Database design
 Introduction of DBMS

o Database management system is a software which is used to manage the database. For
example: MySQL, Oracle, etc are a very popular commercial database which is used in
different applications.
o DBMS provides an interface to perform various operations like database creation, storing
data in it, updating data, creating a table in the database and a lot more.
o It provides protection and security to the database. In the case of multiple users, it also
maintains data consistency.

DBMS allows users the following tasks:

o Data Definition: It is used for creation, modification, and removal of definition that
defines the organization of data in the database.
o Data Updation: It is used for the insertion, modification, and deletion of the actual data in
the database.
o Data Retrieval: It is used to retrieve the data from the database which can be used by
applications for various purposes.
o User Administration: It is used for registering and monitoring users, maintain data
integrity, enforcing data security, dealing with concurrency control, monitoring
performance and recovering information corrupted by unexpected failure.

Characteristics of DBMS
o It uses a digital repository established on a server to store and manage the information.
o It can provide a clear and logical view of the process that manipulates data.
o DBMS contains automatic backup and recovery procedures.
o It contains ACID properties which maintain data in a healthy state in case of failure.
o It can reduce the complex relationship between data.
o It is used to support manipulation and processing of data.
o It is used to provide security of data.
o It can view the database from different viewpoints according to the requirements of the
user.
Advantages of DBMS
o Controls database redundancy: It can control data redundancy because it stores all the
data in one single database file and that recorded data is placed in the database.
o Data sharing: In DBMS, the authorized users of an organization can share the data among
multiple users.
o Easily Maintenance: It can be easily maintainable due to the centralized nature of the
database system.
o Reduce time: It reduces development time and maintenance need.
o Backup: It provides backup and recovery subsystems which create automatic backup of
data from hardware and software failures and restores the data if required.
o multiple user interface: It provides different types of user interfaces like graphical user
interfaces, application program interface.

Database Language
o A DBMS has appropriate languages and interfaces to express database queries and
updates.
o Database languages can be used to read, store and update the data in the database.

1. Data Definition Language

o DDL stands for Data Definition Language. It is used to define database structure or pattern.
o It is used to create schema, tables, indexes, constraints, etc. in the database.
o Using the DDL statements, you can create the skeleton of the database.
o Data definition language is used to store the information of metadata like the number of
tables and schemas, their names, indexes, columns in each table, constraints, etc.

Here are some tasks that come under DDL:

o Create: It is used to create objects in the database.

o Alter: It is used to alter the structure of the database.
o Drop: It is used to delete objects from the database.
o Truncate: It is used to remove all records from a table.
o Rename: It is used to rename an object.
o Comment: It is used to comment on the data dictionary.
These commands are used to update the database schema that's why they come under Data definition
language.

2. Data Manipulation Language

o DML stands for Data Manipulation Language. It is used for accessing and manipulating
data in a database. It handles user requests.
o Here are some tasks that come under DML:
o Select: It is used to retrieve data from a database.
o Insert: It is used to insert data into a table.
o Update: It is used to update existing data within a table.
o Delete: It is used to delete all records from a table.
o Merge: It performs UPSERT operation, i.e., insert or update operations.
o Call: It is used to call a structured query language or a Java subprogram.
o Explain Plan: It has the parameter of explaining data.
o Lock Table: It controls concurrency.

3. Data Control Language

o DCL stands for Data Control Language. It is used to retrieve the stored or saved data.
o The DCL execution is transactional. It also has rollback parameters.

(But in Oracle database, the execution of data control language does not have the feature of
rolling back.)

Here are some tasks that come under DCL:

o Grant: It is used to give user access privileges to a database.

o Revoke: It is used to take back permissions from the user.

There are the following operations which have the authorization of Revoke:

CONNECT, INSERT, USAGE, EXECUTE, DELETE, UPDATE and SELECT.

 E-R Diagram of Library Management System

In the library Management system, the following entities and attributes can be identified.

•Book -the set all the books in the library. Each book has a Book-id, Title, Author, Price,and
Available (y or n) as its attributes.

•Member -the set all the library members. The member is described by the attributesMember_id,
Name, Street, City, Zip_code, Mem_type, Mem_date (date of membership),Expiry_date.

•Publisher -the set of all the publishers of the books. Attributes of this entity are Pub_id,Name,
Street, City, and Zip_code.

•Supplier -the set of all the Suppliers of the books. Attributes of this entity are Sup_id,Name,
Street, City, and Zip_code.Assumptions: a publisher publishes a book. Supplier supplies book to
library. Members borrowthe book (only issue).
E-R Diagram
Entity relationship diagram is used in modern database software engineering to illustrate
logical structure of database. It is a relational schema database modeling method used to
model a system and approach. This approach commonly used in database design. The
diagram created using this method is called E-R diagram.

The E-R diagram depicts the various relationships among entities considering each object
as entity. Entity is represented as diamond shape and relationship is represented as rectangle.
It depicts the relationship between data objects. The E-R diagram is the relation that is used
to conduct the data modeling activity.

Entity:-
Entity is the thing which we want to store information. It is an elementary basic building
block of storing information about business process. An entity represents an objects defined
within the information system about which you want to store information.

Relationship:-
A relationship is named connection or association between entities used to relate two or
more entities with some common attributes of meaningful interaction between the object.

Attributes:-
Attributes are the properties of the entities and relationship. Descriptor of the entity.
Attributes are elementary pieces of information attached to an entity.
Symbols Meaning

Entity

Relationship

Attribute

Key Attribute

E1 R E2 Cardinality Ratio N: 1 for E1: E2 in R

 Bibliography:

1. Online database tutorials

2. DBMS Book korth