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Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion

This document discusses quantitative research design and its three traditional categories: explanatory, descriptive, and causal. It provides details on exploratory, descriptive, and causal research designs. Exploratory research establishes initial understanding with little prior research, while descriptive research gathers current information. Causal research determines the impact of independent variables on dependent variables. The document also compares exploratory, descriptive, and causal research on aspects like structure, problem identification, goals, sample size, and hypothesis.

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ANNABEL MARANA
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1K views30 pages

Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion

This document discusses quantitative research design and its three traditional categories: explanatory, descriptive, and causal. It provides details on exploratory, descriptive, and causal research designs. Exploratory research establishes initial understanding with little prior research, while descriptive research gathers current information. Causal research determines the impact of independent variables on dependent variables. The document also compares exploratory, descriptive, and causal research on aspects like structure, problem identification, goals, sample size, and hypothesis.

Uploaded by

ANNABEL MARANA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Choosing Appropriate

Quantitative
Research Design
To start writing a
research paper, you have
to plan the research
design of your study. The
research design is your
overall concept or
strategy to put together.
The component of your
study in a logical manner.
The three Traditional
Categories of
Research
*Explanatory
*Descriptive
*Causal
Types of
Quantitative
Research Design
 Research problems
vary although every
research problem is
unique there are
certain similarities
relating to situational
variables like personal
characteristics ,areas
of significance ,among
others.
 Exploratory Research Design
-an exploratory research
design is often used to
stablish an Initial
understanding and
background information
about a research study of
interest, oftenly with very few
or no earlier related studies
found relevant to the
research study.
 Descriptive Research
Design
- is used to gather
information on current
situation and condition.
It helps provide answer
to the Question of who,
what, when ,where ,and
the how of particular
research study.
 According to pilot
and hungles (1999),
the following
Research design are
classified as
descriptive design.
 Survey
-the survey Research
design is usually used
in securing opinions
and trends through the
use of questionnaires
and interviews.
 Correlation Research
-is used for a research
studies aimed to a
determine the existence
of a relationship
between two or more
variables and to
determine the degree of
the relationship.
 Evaluation Research
- is conducted to elicit
useful feedback from
a variety of
respondents from
various field to aid in
decision making or
policy formulation.
 FORMATIVE
AND
SUMMATIVE
EVALUATION
 FORMATIVE EVALUATION
- is used to determine the
quality of implementation
of a project , the efficiency
and effectiveness of a
program , assessment of
organizational processes
such as procedures,policies ,
guidelines, human resource
development and the like.
 SUMMATIVE
EVALUATION
- is done after the
implementation of
the program.
 Here are some
example of Formative
Evaluation

1. Needs Assessment-
evaluation the need
for the program or
project.
2. Process Evaluation -
evaluates the process of
implementation of a
program.
For Examples: you may
want to conduct a study on
the implementation of the
student information
system (SIS) in your school.
3. Implementation
Evaluation
- evaluates the
effeciency or
effectiveness of a
project or program
4. Program Monitoring
- evaluates the
performance and
implementation of an
unfinished program. This
evaluation is done prior
to the completion of the
program.
 Here are some
Examples of
Summative Evaluation

1. Secondary Data
Analysis - you may
examine existing data
for analysis.
For Example : you may
want to find out the
influence of gender and
mental ability in the
results of the National
Achievement TEST (NAT)
in your school or in your
region.
2. Out come evaluation -
this is done to determine
if the program has
caused useful effects
based on target out
comes.
For Example : you may
want to determine if a
leadership training
program for officers of
student organization of a
certain public secondary
school have enhanced the
leadership skills of the
participants.
3. Cost -Effectiveness
Evaluation - all called
cost- benefit analysis , it
compares the relative
cost to the outcomes or
results of some courses
of action.
For Example : you may
conduct a study on the
value for money return
of a company brought
about an intensive
training investment for
employees in the sales
department.
4. Causal Research
Design - is used to
measure the impact that
an independent
variables (Causing
effects) has on another
variables (Being
effected ) or why certain
results are obtained.
Table 1. Out come other
points of Comparison of
Comparison
Points of Exploratory Descriptive Causal Research
Comparison Research Research

Research Unstructured and Formal and Highly structured


approach flexible structured

Degrees of Not well Variable are Variable and


problem Defined defined Relationship are
identification defined

When to use? Initial Research Often a follow up Late stage of


to exploratory decision making
Research
Goals and Provides insight Describe Explain the
objectives on a problem situations cause and
effect
relationship
between
variables
Points of Exploratory Descrip-tive Causal research
comparison research research

Sample size Small non- Large Large


Representative representative representative
sample sample sample

Type of Research Hypothesis is Hypothesis is


hypothesis questions only non-directional directional

Data Data may not be Data are Data are


management and statistically statistically statistically
measurements measurable measurable measurable
THANK YOUͼ

PREPARED BY : jhonas
Lerum Aguillon

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