BMS-Day 01 PDF
BMS-Day 01 PDF
Janaka Gunatilake BSc (Hons), MSc (EI),AMIESL
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What is a Building Management System? What Does Intelligent Microprocessor Control Mean?
What Does Intelligent Microprocessor Control Mean? BMS Suppliers and Integrators
• Procured as a complete system that includes, engineering, supply,
NETWORK installation, programming and commissioning.
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Typical System Components – BMS Hardware Typical System Components – Field Devices
High Point Counts Variable Speed Air Flows
Range to Suit Applications Damper
Drives (VSD) Pressures
Actuators
Voltages
Operator Workstations Currents
Valve Water Flows
Pumps
Actuators Pressures
Fans
Built In Displays Motors
Chillers / Boilers Temperature
Cooling Towers Relative Humidity
CO2
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BMS Simple User Interfaces – Built in Display BMS Simple User Interfaces – WEB Server
2. What Does a BMS Do? The Day to Day Role of the BMS…
The role of the BMS in day to day building operation • The most common primary function of
the BMS is the control of a buildings
Building Control Applications Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Systems (HVAC) including;
Measuring and Monitoring building performance
Interaction with other building systems – Air Handling Units
– Chilled Water Plant
– Cooling Towers
– Tenant Condenser Water
– Heating Water Plant
– Exhaust Systems
– Zone Controls
– Computer Room AC
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Measuring and Monitoring Building Performance Interaction With Other Building Systems
• Operator Interfaces including Graphical
User Interface (GUI) for monitoring and
adjustments
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Improved Tenant Comfort Conditions Energy Management and Reduce Operational Costs
• Real time monitoring of tenant conditions • Optimal start and stop of plant
• Greater load based control strategies • Building warm up and cool down cycles
• Trend data of performance, improved fault finding • Night purge
• Air quality management (CO2) • Automatic Seasonal plant sequence selection
• After hours operational requests, tenant billing • Seasonal temperature setting adjustments
• Alarm notifications of faults reduce downtime • Load based control strategies
• Automated change over of failed equipment • Economy cycle control including CO2
• Equipment runtime monitoring and duty cycling
• Occupancy control and control setback
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• Equipment Lifecycle: • Provide the building owners and operators with the tools to manage the
performance and energy efficiency of their buildings
– BMS field controllers – 15 to 20 years
– Field devices – 15 to 20 years • Can be integrated into all other building services such as security, access
control, CCTV, fire, Lifts and other life and safety systems.
– BMS computer hardware – 3 to 5 years
– BMS software – Major releases 3 to 5 years
Application of the BMS Application of the BMS
• Applications Offices: • Hotels:
• Controlling the central HVAC system with its boilers, • Every room is controlled with a personal Comfort
chillers and air‐handling units, sun blinds and lighting zone.
in each room. • Guests can express select their climate
preferences‐though this may not be necessary,
• Each person can set their own working climate using because,
the PC application.
• thanks to the link with the hotel reservation
• Tenant Billing System system, the room will already be comfortable by
• The whole system is remotely controlled and the time they arrive.
maintained via a modem or Internet • Energy Monitoring & Controling
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Application of the BMS Application of the BMS
• Hospitals: • Retail chains:
• In addition to the central air‐conditioning systems, • Both lighting and temperature can be controlled.
the climate in the operating theatres can be
accurately controlled as well. • Using the existing network that connects all the
sites to one another,
• Status monitoring in critical systems.
• Redundancy operation of the equipment. • the temperature in cold stores is recorded and
monitored from a central location so as to
• Technical staff are informed via the Digital
Equipment Cordless Telephone (DECT)network and guarantee product quality.
have access to the control system from any location • Power monitoring & Tenant billing
via web servers.
Application of the BMS Application of the BMS
• Conference halls: • Any Other small and large scale buildings:
• Faults in the building control system are reported • Laboratories, Universities, Governmental and private
by the alarm management application Center. buildings need precise control of services
• Maintaining the comfort conditions • Air ports, Shopping malls
• Graphic duty schedules are used to report faults
via the paging system, GSM or e‐mail to the
engineers, and via the communication link to the
facility management system,
• where the messages are archived and worksheets
can be generated.
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Key Features of the BMS Features of this BMS
• Automatic CO2 controlling of the Banquet and conference
• Real time monitoring and Controlling of every vital point. halls.
• Alarming general faults and maintenance conditions via SMS, • Energy reports via data extracted from digital power
email and visual alarms. analyzers.
• Energy saving through optimized operating algorithms.
• Trending real time values of vital points.
• Lighting controlling (including dimming) via connectivity to
CBus. • Localized operation of controllers independent from central
• Switching Fan Coil Units. PC
• Scheduled operation of routine system controls. • Monitor Chiller parameters and alarm at critical conditions
• Programmed custom workflows to integrate among sub • Automatic Speed controlling of the AHU fan as per load.
systems. • Position controlling of Modulating motorized valves as per
• Monitor and Control Lift status. demand using PID Loops
• Supervising and controlling the temperature set point of • Cut‐off unnecessary lighting in lobby areas in day time using
every location. luminous sensors and motion detectors.
• Monitoring and alarming AHU Filter conditions.
Component of BMS?
• The BMS consists of,
• Software
• hardware
BMS Computer –Server, Workstations
COMPONENTS Controllers – Local, Globle
Field Devise‐ Sensors,Actuators
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BMS Architecture.
BMS
ARCHITECTURE.
Management Level
Almost all applications in building automation are based on a
common functionality HARDWARE
• The Management ‐level processor supplies the processing
Operator capacity and memory required for all communications and
functions Operation Alarming Reporting Help Paging
operator interface software as well as the peripheral capacity
Management for dedicated alarm and report printers and work stations It is
functions Data analyses Documentation Engineering Maintenance Networking
usually a PC consisting of:
+
Backup power
-
s
0 0 2 9 7 3 8 kWh
• —Full keyboard, with mouse or other entry device.
Techn. alarm Safety alarm control Peak dem. limit Time program
Processing 000978 h
• —High resolution color monitor.
y = f(x)
functions Interlocks Closed loop ctrl. Calculation Operat.hours Set point range
• —RAM or working memory.
Characteristics Recording Supervision Counting Man. operation • —Hard disk memory.
I/O functions J M
M
• —Diskette drive.
(field devices) Measuring Signaling Switching Positioning
• —Multiple peripheral ports.
15 File Number • —Communications interface boards.
• —At least one printer.
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Management Level Management Level
SOFTWARE SOFTWARE
• Standard Software • Standard Software
• Most BMSs run under Microsoft Windows™ and use standard • Most BMSs run under Microsoft Windows™ and use standard
mouse conventions, mouse conventions,
• such as drop‐down menus, • such as drop‐down menus,
• dialog boxes, • dialog boxes,
• radio buttons, and up‐down arrows. • radio buttons, and up‐down arrows.
• Many systems allow the use of other standard Windows • Many systems allow the use of other standard Windows
compatible programs such as word processors, spread compatible programs such as word processors, spread
sheets, and data bases to operate concurrently with the BMS. sheets, and data bases to operate concurrently with the BMS.
In such cases, a BMS alarm over writes the monitor screen In such cases, a BMS alarm over writes the monitor screen
until acknowledged and canceled. until acknowledged and canceled.
Management Level Management Level
SOFTWARE SOFTWARE
• Communications Software • Communications Software Con,
• Software at the operations level communicates with all • Passing global data and alarm reports to other deviceson the
system‐ and zone‐level processors in a peer‐to‐peer fashion. ETHERNET LAN.
Communications functions include: • Transmitting requests for display data.
• —Receiving alarm and return‐to‐normal reports (including • —Transmitting requests for report data.
remote device communications failures). • —Uploading and downloading of controller software.
• —Receiving trend status’ and values. use of other standard • —Transmitting digital and analog commands.
Windows compatible programs such as word processors,
spread sheets, and data bases to operate concurrently with • —Reading/writing controller database points including limits,
the BMS. In such cases, a BMS alarm over writes the monitor set points, times, and parameters.
screen until acknowledged and canceled. • —Coordinating global LAN server database including graphic
configurations, operator assignments and segregation,
history files, and schedule files.
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Integration Level
Integration Level
Globle Controllers
• Identify the DDC panel • Inside of the DDC panel
• The BACtalk Contol Modules connect
devices from other systems to a BACnet
system.
• DIN‐rail mounting and a ribbon‐cable
connection to other BCMs make
expansion easy.
• In here we have used,
• BCM‐PWS ‐ Power Supply Module
• BCM‐ETH ‐ module with 10Base‐
T/100Base‐TX Ethernet and one MS/TP
connection
• BCM‐MS/TP, module with one MS/TP
connection
Field Controller Level
Field Controller Level
DDC Controllers
• Identify a DDC panel • Inside of a DDC panel
•
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What is the DDC What is DDC
• DDC - Direct Digital Control of an HVAC • DDC is the concept or theory of HVAC
system system control that uses digital controls
• Physically, DDC encompasses all the
• A method of monitoring and controlling devices used to implement this control
HVAC system performance by collecting, method: a whole group of DDC
processing, and sending information controllers/microprocessors, actuators,
using sensors, actuators, and sensors, and other devices.
microprocessors.
DDC –The Control Theory What is the Point
• A point is ANY input or output device
used to control the overall or specific
performance of equipment or output
devices related to the equipment.
• Soft wear Points
• Hard wear points
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Kind of Points DDC Action & Reaction
• Analog input - a sensor that monitors physical data, such as
temperature, flow, or pressure.
Devise Used as Input Devise Used as Output
AI DI AO DO
• Temperature • Switch dry contact • Damper actuators • Solenoid valves
Thermistors • Relays / contactors
• (open or closed) • Modulating valves
Resistance Temp.
Detectors (RTDs) • Alarm signal
Transmitters
- Airflow • VFD
- Water
• Pressure
- Differential pressure
• Humidity
• High/low limit switch
• Flow (CFM, GPM)
• Voltage • (alarm or normal)
• Current • Freeze alarm
• CO2 • Smoke detectors
• Wattmeter pulses
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DDC Closed Loop Control Closed loop Control
• Closed loop control is determined by:
• Control algorithms
• Configuration values
• Time schedule data
• Set point schedule data
Closed Loop Control is accomplished by the control
signal being sent to the controlled device with
constant feedback from the sensor/status device
providing input to the controller
Typical Control Algorithm Typical Control Algorithm
• Heating/cooling coil control • Time of day scheduling
• Humidification/dehumidification • Digital device controlled as analog
• Mixed air damper optimization • Digital interlock
• VAV fan control • Digital staging
• VAV supply & return fan tracking • Proportional thermostat
• Indoor air quality • Primary/secondary pump control
• Generic PID control • Night free cooling
• Control point reset • Adaptable start/stop
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Algorithm Type PID Control
• PID = Proportional-Integral-Derivative Control
• P- Proportional • What it is: This type of control algorithm is based on
• PI- Proportional-Integral value/amount (proportion), rate of change (integral),
and error allowances (derivative). PID control
calculates and sends commands for outputs based
• PID- Proportional-Integral-Derivative on all three types of information.
P- Proportional Controller
P- Proportional Controller
• What it is: Control algorithm based only
on
value/amount (proportion).
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Sensor/Actuator Level Sensor/Actuator Level
Temperature sensors Temperature sensors
• Temperature sensors for •
Chilled water & Temperature sensors for
condensor water supply air return air &
fresh air duct
• sensing element 10 kohm, • sensing element 10 kohm,
operating range ‐40..150 operating range ‐40..150
oC.
oC.
Product description: Product description: Duct
Immersion sensor with sensor with plastic
plastic enclosure and 1/2 enclosure
NPT
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Sensor/Actuator Level Sensor/Actuator Level
Carbon Dioxide Transducers Relative Humidity Transducer
• • Relative humidity
Carbon dioxide transducer for transducer for return air
return air duct duct
• Measurement Type is Non‐
Dispersive Infrared (NDIR), • Sensor Type is Thermoset
diffusion sampling & Polymer based capacitive
Measurement Range is 0 to & Measurement Range is
2000 ppm standard, 0 to 100% RH
programmable to 7500 ppm
Product description: Carbon Product description: Duct
Dioxide Detector (CO2), 0‐ type with ABS enclosure
2000 ppm, Field Selectable & 3% of accuracy
Output
Sensor/Actuator Level Sensor/Actuator Level
Relative Humidity & Temperature Transducer Duct Smoke Detector
• •
Relative humidity transducer Duct smoke detector for
for return air duct return air duct
• Sensor Type is Thermoset • for early detection of smoke
Polymer based capacitive, and products of combustion
Temperature Sensor Type is present in air moving through
Platinum RTD & Measurement HVAC ducts. accommodate
Range is 0 to 100% RH with either the ionization sensor or
0°C ‐ 100°C of temperature. the photo electronic sensor.
Product description: Outdoor Product description: Grey
type with ABS enclosure & 2% plastic back box & clear plastic
of accuracy cover
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Sensor/Actuator Level Sensor/Actuator Level
Air Flow Transducer Differential pressure switch for air
• •
Air Flow Transducer for DPS for Filter monitoring in
supply air duct AHUs
• Sensing element material is
ABS + Silicon. Pressure
• Converts airspeed into a 4 adjustment range is
‐ 20mA or a 0 ‐ 10 VDC 200...1000Pa & 1mbar of
signal. Telescopic sensor Switching differential.
facilitates installation.
Product description:
Product description: Integrated in bottom
Made with corrosion housing & plastic
resistant material connection piece for 5 mm
(internal) hose
Sensor/Actuator Level Sensor/Actuator Level
Wet/Wet Deferential Pressure Transducer Pressure Transducer
• •
Deferential Pressure Pressure monitoring in chilled
monitoring in main chilled water & condenser water
water riser • Compact gauge pressure
• Designed with dual sensors transducer complete with a 2
wire 4‐20mA. output, various
that enable it to accept high pressure ranges. Capacitance
deferential pressure ranges. sensing element & ranges ‐
Pressure adjustment range 14.7 through 10,000 PSIGI.
is 10, 20, 50 and 100 PSI.
Product description: corrosion
Product description: ABS, resistance is comparable to
hinged lid with gasket & 304 stainless & 1/4” ‐ 18 NPT
1/8” NPT female Pressure External Pressure Port
Connections
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Sensor/Actuator Level Sensor/Actuator Level
Water Flow Switch Water Detector
• •
Flow monitoring of chilled
water & condenser water Water detector for lift pit
• designed to provide excellent • microchip‐based device
performance where accuracy,
reliability, and rugged that uses gold‐plated
construction are required used sensing probes to detect
in liquid flow lines. Flow the presence of water or
control range obtained from
pipe diameter. other conductive liquid.
Product description: corrosion Product description: ABS
resistance paddle & plastic
cover with hinged lid and gasket
Sensor/Actuator Level Sensor/Actuator Level
Ultra Sonic level Transducers Electro Magnetic flow Transducers
• •
Ultra sonic level transducers Electro Magnetic flow
for water levels monitoring Transducers for measuring
in water tanks chilled water flow rate
• Specially design flow coil
• microchip‐based device that generate magnetic field in the
uses to measure the liquid flow tube. As the conductive
level in the tank using fluid move in this field, voltage
ultrasonic waves. 2 wire 4‐ proportional to the velocity is
20mA signal out. generated in the electrodes
Product description: Plastic Product description: Carbon
cover with lock nut Steel coil housing & cast
mounting aluminum meter encloser
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Sensor/Actuator Level Sensor/Actuator Level
Damper Actuator Motorized Valve Actuator
• • Actuators for chilled water
Actuators for return & fresh air controlling valve in AHUs
dampers
• Non‐Spring Return Electric
• Signal input conditioning Linear Valve Actuators are
motors, which can be used to
adjust the throttle valve or the modulating control
proportion of positive and actuators used with control
negative effects. 24VAC No‐ that provide an analog
spring return Damper actuator output of 0 to 10 Vdc or 2 to
for Modulating control. 10 Vdc.
Product description: Plastic Product description: ABS
housing with universal shaft Plastic cover, Yoke and Base
adapter diecast aluminum
Sensor/Actuator Level
Motorized Valve Actuator
•
Actuators for chilled water &
condenser water controlling
valve.
• The OM series is equipped with
standard On‐Off or modulating
control quarter‐turn electric
actuator. The OM series can also THANK YOU……….
provide feedback output signal:
Dry contact for On‐Off version;
0~5V, 0~10V, 4~20mA for
modulating version.
Product description: IP67
Waterproof & Permanently
lubricated and self locking
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