Standard Method of Test for The California Bearing Ratio AASHTO Designation: T 193-13 1. 14. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 47, 24 AASHIO SCOPE This test method covers the determination of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of pavement subgrade, subbase, and base/course materials from laboratory compacted specimens. The test ‘method is primarily intended for, but not limited to, evaluating the strength of cohesive materials, having maximum particle sizes less than 19 mm ('Vs in.) When materials having maximum particle sizes greater than 19 mm ("4 in.) are to be tested, this test method provides for modifying the gradation of the material so that the material used for tests all passes the 19.0-mm (°/,-in.) sieve while the total gravel 4.75-mm (No. 4) to 75-mm (3-in.) fraction remains the same. While traditionally this method of specimen preparation has been used to avoid the error inherent in testing materials containing large particles in the CBR test apparatus, the modified material may have significantly different strength properties than the original material, However, a large experience base has developed using this test method for materials for Which the gradation has been modified and satisfactory design methods are in use based on the results of tests using this procedure. ast practice has shown that CBR results for those materials having substantial percentages of particles retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve are more variable than for finer materials. Consequently, more trials may be required for these materials to establish a reliable CBR. This test method provides for the determination of the CBR of @ material at optimum water content or a range of water content from a specified compaction test and a specified dry unit mass. ‘The dry unit mass is usually given as a percentage of maximum dry unit mass from the compaction tests of T 99 or T 180. ‘The agency requesting the test shall specify the water content or range of water content and the dry unit mass for which the CBR is desired. Unless specified otherwise by the requesting agency, or unless it has been shown to have no effect con test results for the material being tested, all specimens shall be soaked prior to penetration. ‘The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard REFERENCED DOCUMENTS AASHTO Standards mt M92, Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes mM 145, Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes R58, Dry Preparation of Disturbed Soil and Soil-Aggregate Samples for Test & 12, Sampling of Aggregates mT 88, Particle Size Analysis of Soils TSia 7193-4 ‘AASHTO® 189, Determining the Liquid Limit of Soils © 190, Determining the Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils 199, Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 2.5-kg (5.5-Ib) Rammer and a 305-mm (12-in.) Drop WT 180, Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 4.54-kg (10-Ib) Rammer and a 457. (18-in.) Drop ® 1 265, Laboratory Determination of Moisture Content of Soils 34 32. 3.3. 3.4. 44. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE ‘This test method is used to evaluate the potential strength of subgrade, subbase, and base cou: ‘material, including recycled materials, for use in road and airfield pavements. The CBR value obtained in this test forms an integral part of several flexible pavement design methods. For applications where the effect of compaction water content on CBR is small, such as cohesionless, coarse-grained materials, or where an allowance is made for the effect of differi compaction water contents in the design procedure, the CBR may be determined at the optim water content of a specified compaction effort. The dry unit mass specified is normally the ‘minimum percent compaction allowed by using the agency’s field compaction specification, For applications where the effect of compaction water content on CBR is unknown or where it desired to account for its effect, the CBR is determined for a range of water content, usually the range of water content permitted for field compaction by using the agency’s field compaction specification, ‘The criteria for test specimen preparation of self-cementing (and other) materials that gain ste: with time must be based on geotechnical engineering evaluation. As directed by the enginee: self-cementing materials shall be properly cured until bearing ratios representing long-term ser conditions can be measured. APPARATUS, Molds—The molds shall be cylindrical in shape, made of metal, with an internal diameter of 152.40 + 0.66 mm (6.0 + 0,026 in.) and a height of 177.80 + 0.46 mm (7.0 = 0.018 in.), and provided with an extension collar approximately 50 mm (2.0 in.) in height and a perforated base plate that can be fitted to either end of the mold. (See Figure 1.) It is desirable to have at least th: molds for each soil to be tested. TS-1a T 193-2 ‘AASHTCsmeseddy oney Suueog euuoyiey—p eunBid OTe TOHEyUS SIS orem RO | 899005 127 I ging >: es ont a ? ssa) ae 5, of ete nt ape Sroix iw. went ‘AASHTO T 193-3 TSa(Panu ju2.9) smenakky onry Buse04 ee} |e —L eUNB LE AVION ¥ H we [2 x ma | - ar DNV EOL a roe [ioe | = a wp wf 7 r = > NONI "VA ivan jan x | we | x | so [xe [owe |e | x wea ef eer CS CS a px tow [on Ss TST PT “Warn (OD NOSNAINTTIN TION Spwwarion ae fe [ale [we Pe [x we |e fx | x 19N . ar pNVETOT ois | pa fee] ee va} seo] era ra a c o D i i a a a v SN VELL ia wvas | Ow ORRIN ‘swustrsunseayy JO 21481, ‘AASH T 193-4 TS-tasess: s44 Spacer Disk—A circular spacer disk made of metal 150.8 * 0.8 mm (5!%/o "vs in.) in diameter and 61.37 + 0.25 mm (2.416 + 0.01 in.) in height. (See Figure |.) Note 1—When using molds having a height of 177.80 mm (7.0 in.) (Figure 1), a spacer disk height of 61.37 mm (2.416 in.) is needed to obtain a thickness of compacted specimen that conforms to the thickness: 116.43 mm (4.584 in.) of specimens in T 99 and T 180. Rammer—A rammer as specified in either T 99 oF T 180, Apparatus for Measuring Expansion—This consists ofa swell plate with adjustable stem (Figure 1) and a tripod support fora dial indicator (Figure 1). The swell plate is made of metal, 149.2 = 1.6 mm (5 /g'/o in.) in diameter and is perforated with 1.6-mm ("/icin,) diameter holes. ‘The tripod used to support the dial indicator is arranged to fit the mold extension collar. Indicarors—two dial indicators: each indicator shall have a 25-mm (I-in.) throw and read to 0.02 mm (0.001 in.) Surcharge Weights—One annular metal weight with a center hole approximately $4.0 mm (2'/gin.) in diameter and several slotted or split metal weights, all 149.2 = 1.6 mm (5% '/is in) in diameter and each having a mass of 2.27 = 0.04 kg ($ + 0.10 Ib) (Figure 1) (Note 2). Note 2—When using split weights, the mass of the pair shall be 2.27 + 0.04 kg (5 £ 0.10 Ib). Penetration Piston—A metal piston of circular cross-section having a diameter of 49.63 + 0.13 mm (1.954 + 0.005 in.) area = 1935 mm’ (3 in.”) and not less than 102 mm (4 in.) long. (Gee Figure 1.) Loading Device—A compression-type apparatus capable of applying a uniformly increasing load Lup to capacity sufficient for the material being tested ata rate of 1.3 mm/min, (0.05 in./min.), used to force the penetration piston into the specimen. Soaking Tank—A soaking tank suitable for maintaining the water level 25 mm (I in.) above the top of the specimens, Drying Oven—A thermostatically controlled drying oven capable of maintaining a temperature of (230+ 9°F) for drying moisture samples. Moisture Content Containers—As specified in T 265, Miscellaneous—Miscellaneous tools such as mixing pans, spoons, straightedge, filter paper, balances, etc ‘SAMPLE ‘The sample shall be handled and specimen(s) for compaction shall be prepared in accordance with the procedures given in T 99 or T 180 for compaction in a 152.4-mm (6-in.) mold except 2s follows: fall material passes @ 19.0-mm (*in.) sieve, the entire gradation shall be used for preparing specimens for compaction without modification. If there is material retained on the 19.0-mm sieve, the material retained on the 19.0-mm sieve shall be removed and replaced by an equal amount of material passing the 19.0-mm sieve and retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve obtained by separation from portions of the sample not otherwise used for testing. T 193-5 ‘AASHTO