Hybrid Prosthesis, Tilted Implants, Angled

Abutments and RevitaliZe Solutions

Why do patients go to a dentist?

 Dental problems that need treatment
 They want it now
 No body wants surgery
 They want predictable solutions
 It should be scientifically based

CT Scan: It provide valuable information.

o HOWEVER it does not replace a diagnostic cast and wax-up

Hybrid Prosthesis: “A denture tooth and acrylic design with a milled

bar or cast metal substructure”.
 Fixed Detachable Prosthesis (Hybrid Denture)
 4-6 implants are placed in the interforaminal region (Mandible)
 Removable by the dentist but not by the patient (screw retained)
 Exhibits distal extensions (resulting in cantilever)
 Implant supported restoration with occlusion to 1st molar
Advantages:
 Excellent stability and function
 Provides patient psychological support
Disadvantages:
 Difficult oral hygiene
 May not provide facial tissue support
 Cantilever stress due to distal extensions
Esthetics:
 Classic design was high off tissue due to limited components
 Modern design is esthetic and conforms to tissue

Profile Prosthesis replaces teeth and tissue: The Profile Prosthesis;

Schnitman P., Practical Periodontal Aesthetic Dentistry;11;143-
151,1999

Maxillary Hybrid Prosthesis:

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• More difficult than mandible
• Unrealistic expectations
• Hygiene can be difficult
• Esthetics may be difficult
• Phonetics can be a problem
• May not provide lip support
• May require excess acrylic

Treatment Planning and Case Design:

 Bone Preservation
 Function
 Expense

Why use a Hybrid (Profile) Prosthesis

Criteria for selecting PFM or Hybrid Prosthesis

Porcelain Fused to Metal Hybrid Prosthesis

 √ cost more cost less
 √ vertical dim < 15mm vertical dim >15
 √ technique same technique same
 √ esthetics same esthetics same
 √ appointments more appointments less
 √ soft tissue recon difficult soft tissue recon easy
 √ repair very difficult repair easy
 √ arch length varies arch length 1st molar
Source: Dental Implant Prosthodontics, Dr. Carl Misch 2005

Fixed-Prosthetic implant Restorations of the Edentulous maxilla:

A Systematic Pretreatment Evaluation Method: Edmond Bedrossian,
et.al. J Oral Maxillofacial Surgery; 66;112-122,2008
Excellent Reference For Prosthetic Concepts

Prosthetic Concepts for the edentulous arch:

√ Metal Ceramic Restoration
√ Fixed Hybrid Restoration
√ Removable Overdenture

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Key Determinates for successful treatment of the completely
edentulous arch.
• Presence or absence of composite defect
• Visibility of edentulous ridge without the denture in place
• Amount of bone loss

√ PFM restoration required

• no bone or soft tissue defect
• only replacing clinical crown

√ Composite Defect: Missing teeth, soft tissue and bone

 Profile Prosthesis
 Bar Overdenture

A-P Spread: The distance from the center of the most anterior
implant to a line joining the distal aspect of the two most
distal implants. This provides an indication for the amount of
cantilever that can be planned.
With 5 implants it should not exceed 2.5 times the A-P spread
if all stress factors are low.
Dental Implant Prosthodontics; Carl E. Misch; p. 168

“1.5 A-P Spread” English Rule; Charles E. English, DDS

Using 4 implants
Syllabus of Prosthetics for Osseointegrated Implants; Douglas Clepper,
DMD; 1997 Omega Publications

Can we increase the AP Spread? Yes if implants are moved distal!

Problems with placing posterior implants to decrease cantilever:

√ Mandibular canal
√ Mental loop
√ Maxillary sinus

Things to consider for treatment planning:

 Available space
 Anatomy and anatomical structures
 Amount and quality of bone

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How many implants do you really need?????????

Important considerations when treatment planning:

√ Time: Patient wants it now
√ Surgery: Nobody wants surgery
√ Cost: Lower cost makes it available to more patients
√ Success: Must be scientifically based

Treatment Goals:
•Reduce treatment time
•Reduce the amount of needed surgery
•Control cost
•Have a high rate of success

Can we change the A-P spread without surgery? YES

Use Tilted Implants
Reference text:
IMPLANT TREATMENT PLANNING FOR THE
EDENTULOUS PATIENT
Dr. Edmond Bedrossian
Copyright 2011 Mosby, Inc.
Mosby Elsevier 3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
Reference Text

Why use tilted implants?

• can use longer implants to increase implant bone contact
• increase load distribution
• increase AP spread and reduce cantilevers in the prosthesis
• eliminate need for sinus lift
• reduce need for crestal bone grafts
*Reduce cost to patient
Tilted implants will provide for graftless surgery and
Not necessarily flapless surgery.

Minimum maxillary bone: 5mm wide and 10mm high

Minimum mandibular bone: 5mm wide and 8mm high

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Remember vertical space requirement!
 15mm
 maximize AP Spread

Tilting of dental Implants will increase length and result in better load
distribution, increase anchorage and allow longer implants.
“Tilting of implants does not have a negative effect on load
distribution when it is part of the prosthesis support.” (Dr. Edmond
Bedrossian text)

How much increase?

√ Md 6.5mm (range 3-12mm)
√ Mx 9.3mm (range 5-15mm)
Reference: Bedrossian Text

Other Names for Procedure

 Zimmer RevitaliZe
 Nobel “all-on-4”
 Teeth is a day
 Immediate load
The above are recognized as “Graftless” surgery and not necessarily
“Flapless” surgery.
Minimum torque for implant stability for immediate load: 35 Ncm
Zimmer Tapered abutments are torqued to: 30 Ncm

Load Transfer in Tilted Implants with Varing Cantilever Lengths in an

All-On-Four Situation
Malhotra, AO. et.al; Australian Dental Journal. Dec 2012, vol.57 issue 4,
pp. 440-445.
Conclusion: Study shows that increasing tilt of distal implants does not
increase the stress significantly.

Bone Level Changes Around Axial and Tilted Implants in Full-Arch Fixed
Restorations. Interim Results of a Prospective Study.
Francetti, Luca; et.al. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research.
Oct.2012, Vol. 14 Issue 5, pp 646-654.
Conclusion: The use of tilted implants in the immediate rehabilitation of
the fully edentulous jaws is safe and is not associated with a higher
marginal bone loss as compared to axially placed implants. (mean

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follow-up time was 52.8 months in mandible and 33.8 months in
maxilla)

√ Zones in the edentulous maxilla:

Zone 1: Premaxilla
Zone 2: Bicuspids
Zone 3: Molars

“All-on-Four” Immediate-Function Concept for Completely Edentulous

Maxilla: A Clinical Report on the Medium (3 years) and Long-Term (5
years) Outcomes
Paulo Malo’, DDS, PhD; et.al. Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related
Research, Volume 14, Supplement 1, 2012.
Conclusion: The high survival rate at patient and implant level indicates
that immediate-function concept for completely edentulous maxillae
using the present protocol is viable in medium and long-term outcomes.

Immediate Implant Loading: Current Status

From Available Literature
Avila, Galindo, Rios, Wang
Implant Dentistry 2007;16:235-245
Conclusion: “Immediate implant loading achieved similar success as the
conventional approach”
Important Note: Requirements for success
• Careful case selection is required
• Proper treatment plan
• Meticulous surgery and properly designed prosthetics

**After surgical placement there is a “Dip”in retention between 2 and 4

weeks.

Survival Rate of Immediately vs Delayed Loaded Implants: Analysis

of the Current Literature Georgious Romanos, et.al. Journal of Oral
Implantology;
Vol. XXXVI/No. 4/2010.a: “The parameter most often associated with
the success of immediately loaded implants as reported in the literature
was adequate implant stability of the implants”.

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Clinic Protocol
Revitalize Solution:

Indirect technique for Zimmer RevitaliZe procedure.

1. Prepare case for surgery
 Select arch to be restored and confirm it is acceptable for a hybrid
prosthesis
 If the patient has an existing denture that is clinically acceptable
it will serve as the denture for the conversion. If the patient will
have teeth removed set the case up as an immediate denture.
 Duplicate denture in clear acrylic to serve as a surgical guide.
 The patient is now ready for the procedure
 Record occlusal registration and make occlusal index.
 Follow surgical guidelines, place implants and abutments with
healing caps as required.

2. Steps necessary for converting the denture.

 Relieve denture base so it will fit over healing caps.
 Place bite registration material in denture, seat in mouth, close to
prerecorded vertical dimension and hold until bite material has
set.
 Remove denture from mouth.
 Remove healing caps and place indirect transfers.
 Make an impression with polyvinyl or polyether material.
 Remove indirect transfers.
 Place tapered abutment replicas on indirect transfers and seat
into impression.
 Pour impression in fast set dental stone (Snap Stone by Whipmix)
 When stone is set remove from impression.
 Place healing caps that were used for the bite registration on to
the working cast.

3. Mounting the cast for converting the denture.

 Trim excess bite registration material from the denture to the
level of the flanges.
 Confirm that denture with bite material inside will seat on the
cast without any interference and index into the healing caps.

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  Place the occlusal bite registration on the denture and seat on
the occlusal surface of the opposing cast that is mounted on the
articulator.
 Add mounting plaster to the articulator and cast to secure the
cast.
 When mounting plaster has set, open articulator and remove
denture.
 It is now ready to start denture conversion.

4. Converting the denture.

 While the bite material is still in the denture, drill through the bite
material where the healing caps were recorded. Drill well into the
acrylic.
 This will identify of the drill holes in the denture for the
temporary titanium copings.
 Remove healing caps from the tapered abutment replicas in the
cast.
 Attach titanium temporary copings to the replicas.
 Open the holes in the denture that were identified until adequate
space is available to allow denture to freely fit over temporary
copings on cast.
 Fit the denture into the index with the maxillary cast and confirm
that it will fit without the temporary copings hitting the opposing
cast.
 This will be confirmed by closing the articulator into the pre-set
vertical dimension.
 If necessary reduce coping height.
 Place cotton into the access openings of the temporary copings
and leave excess cotton sticking out. You will need to find this
after acrylic has set by drilling into the acrylic addition.
 Lubricate cast only where acrylic will come into contact with the
stone. Do not lubricate temporary copings.
 With a small brush apply acrylic power and liquid to the copings.
The purpose is to assure that acrylic attaches to the grooves in the
copings.
 Mix acrylic into a flowable consistency and place in denture.
 Place denture onto cast over copings and close articulator with
the denture into the bite index on the opposing cast.

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  VERY IMPORTANT: assure that denture is seated into index and
that the articulator is closed.
 Maintain this position until acrylic is set.
 Open articulator and identify access openings for the screws.
 Use an acrylic bur of choice to remove acrylic over temporary
coping access and remove cotton.
 Remove denture and add acrylic where necessary.
 Convert denture to a screw retained temporary bridge.
 Remember tissue side should be convex making it easy for the
patient to clean.
 Do not extent cantilever in the provisional restoration beyond the
most distal implant on each side.
5. Delivery of provisional.
 Deliver bridge to patient by attaching to tapered abutments.
 Torque screws to 20Ncm
 Adjust occlusion.
 Adjust occlusion to provide contact canine to canine in balanced
occlusion.
 Occlusion posterior to the canines should be slightly out of
contact.
 Cover access holes with easy to remove provisional material.
 Recall patient in one week and check occlusion, screws and tissue.
 After the one week check the provisional should not be removed
for 8 weeks.
 Advise patient that it may take up to 6 months to accommodate to
the new prosthesis.
 Error on the side of over closing the VDO at time of provisional
placement.
 If patient is on a soft diet, broken acrylic and broken teeth usually
occur as a result of occlusion. It may be necessary to make a hard
night guard.
 In the final restoration the occlusion should stop at the first molar.
 Final restoration should have 1mm overjet and 1mm overbite in
anterior.
 Final restoration should have group function and no balancing
side occlusion
Possible Complications:
Fractures of acrylic teeth, body acrylic, screws or substructure

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* Excessive overload
* Lack of passive fit
* Parafunction
* Lab errors or porosity
* Inadequate restorative space
* Excessive VDO
Soft tissue complications:
* Tissue irritation under bar from rough surface or poor hygiene
* Tissue and prosthesis relationship change resulting in speech
problems or food collecting under prosthesis
* Tissue overgrowth under prosthesis

Maintenance:
*Soft tooth brush and mouth wash
*Waterpik
* Superfloss
* Night guard
* No hard food such as ice or hard candy
RECALL
* Every 3 months 1st year
* Evaluate and remove if necessary to clean
* After 1st year recall based on patient assessment

Immediate Loaded Mandibular Fixed Implant Prostheses Using the All-

On-Four Protocol: A Report of 183 Consecutively Treated Patients with
1 Year of Function in Definitive Prostheses. The International Journal of
Oral & Maxillofacial Implants; Vol:27; No.3;2012; p. 628-633.
Daniel F. Galindo, DDS, Prosthodontist, Private Practice
Caesar C. Butura, DDS, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon, Private Practice

Conclusion: Combination of axially placed and angled implants with the

All-On-Four procedure can be successful in the mandible.
Factors for Success:
 Careful site selection.
 Preparation of osseous shelf to level ridge and provide space.

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 Stable splinting of all four implants with immediate provisional.
 Careful occlusal adjustment to provide bilateral occlusion in the
canine and premolar region and no occlusion in the distal of the
prosthesis.
 Maximizing A-P spread

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